287 117 18MB
English Pages [341] Year 2021
The Book of Travels Volume Two
Library of Arabic Literature General Editor Philip F. Kennedy, New York University Executive Editors James E. Montgomery, University of Cambridge Shawkat M. Toorawa, Yale University Editorial Director Chip Rossetti Assistant Editor Lucie Taylor Editors Sean Anthony, The Ohio State University Huda Fakhreddine, University of Pennsylvania Lara Harb, Princeton University Maya Kesrouany, New York University Abu Dhabi Enass Khansa, American University of Beirut Bilal Orfali, American University of Beirut Maurice Pomerantz, New York University Abu Dhabi Mohammed Rustom, Carleton University Consulting Editors Julia Bray Michael Cooperson Joseph E. Lowry Tahera Qutbuddin Devin J. Stewart Digital Production Manager Stuart Brown Paperback Designer Nicole Hayward Fellowship Program Coordinator Amani Al-Zoubi
Letter from the General Editor
The Library of Arabic Literature makes available Arabic editions and English translations of significant works of Arabic literature, with an emphasis on the seventh to nineteenth centuries. The Library of Arabic Literature thus includes texts from the pre-Islamic era to the cusp of the modern period, and encompasses a wide range of genres, including poetry, poetics, fiction, religion, philosophy, law, science, travel writing, history, and historiography. Books in the series are edited and translated by internationally recognized scholars. They are published as hardcovers in parallel-text format with Arabic and English on facing pages, as English-only paperbacks, and as downloadable Arabic editions. For some texts, the series also publishes separate scholarly editions with full critical apparatus. The Library encourages scholars to produce authoritative Arabic editions, accompanied by modern, lucid English translations, with the ultimate goal of introducing Arabic’s rich literary heritage to a general audience of readers as well as to scholars and students. The publications of the Library of Arabic Literature are generously supported by Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute Award G1003 and are published by NYU Press. Philip F. Kennedy General Editor, Library of Arabic Literature
��ة ا ا �� ا � �ة ك��ح� ب� ل���حة�� �ح� � بّ ح��ا د ��ا � � � ة ب
� ّ ا�بم � �ح��ل��د
�� ا ب ا �ل�ث� �ة�
The Book of Travels Ḥannā Diyāb Volume Two Edited by Johannes Stephan Translated by Elias Muhanna Afterword by Paulo Lemos Horta Volume editor Michael Cooperson
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York Copyright © 2021 by New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Control Number: 2020054531 New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Series design by Titus Nemeth. Typeset in Tasmeem, using DecoType Naskh and Emiri. Typesetting and digitization by Stuart Brown. Manufactured in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents
iii
Letter from the General Editor
viii
Map: Ḥannā Diyāb’s Travels The Book of Travels, Volume Two Chapter Nine: Our Arrival in Paris, in October 1708
1 2
Chapter Ten: The Last Days of 1708
102
Chapter Eleven: In the Lands of the East
152
Afterword: Ḥannā Diyāb and the Thousand and One Nights
263
Notes
279
Glossary of Names and Terms
288
Bibliography
296
Further Reading
305
Index
309
About the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute
322
About the Typefaces
323
Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
324
About the Editor
329
About the Translator
330
vii
viii
ix
��ة ا � ا � �ة ��س�� �ح ك��ح� ب� ا �ل� ة ا��م �ّ � � � ا ب �ب��ل�د ا �ل�ح� �ة
The Book of Travels Volume Two
� �ب ��ح��ل ا �ل�ةح�ا ���ثس� 1 ا � �ل�� ع ��ا ب ب � �� ب��ا �وك�� � د ��و
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ب بة �م�دة����� �ب��هرة���س ��ة�
����ه ���س��ا ���ط � ب �س��� ١٧٠٩ �ر ب
ب ب� � ب � ح�� ب ةس �م�ا �هة��ا ������ل��م ا ����ب���ا ��ل�� �و������ل ��ل�� �ب�ا � ة � ح��ل ا ��ة� � �س�ة��م�بن�ا �م�د�ة ا �ة�ا � ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� ة� م ح��� ا ��ل ��ة ����ا � ا ا � ة ة ة ���د ��ل�� ���م�ب��� ��ب ا ��لب���ا ��� � ا ���� ا ��� ا�ا�م��������� ������ ة� ��ا � ��س��ا � ة ة ة� ة و ر �ل ة� ب � ب ع ��� ب ب ة ة� ح�� �ب� ���د �ة ��� � ب � ا ب ا �ب � � �ة ب ب � ب ا ب ة � ب � � ا ا � � � ل�� �و ب �مة�� ا �ل��د �ة� را � �و�س�م���� �مس ا �ل�� �و ��ة� ب �مة�� �ب�ل� د ا �ل ��� د � حب�� ر � او � �ل�رب �ل���� ك�� � �ة ك ��� ب� ح�� � �ج ع �� ع � ا ة � ً �� ة��ب �� ب ة � � � � ا� ة ة ب ب ا ا � �� � � � � � � � س � � ل ل ا � م� � �� � ا � � � ا ا ا ا � � � ب ك���ل �ة �لو� ا �ل��م�ور ا � ��� ةر ��� وة �م���� و � ح�ة ر �مر ب �ة ر ����س ك�ل� لك ل�و � �و س �مر ة م ��ا ب � ة �مب ا ��� ب � ب � ا ب بد ل�� � �ر�ه� �وك�� � ب ��ل ��� ��ةس �ل� ��ة ر. � � م م ة ا ةا � � ب �ك���ل ة ح�ب��د ا �م ��ب ��ا ��ب ا ��ل���� ���د ��ل ة ا � � � � � � � � � ل ا � � ا ا � � �م � � � ب ��د � � � � � � � � � � م م ح� � م � � � �ب ة بج ة �مة� ة ً رة� ب ة� ب س ب وة بب �ة� ع � �ه ��� ��� � � �ة ا ب �ة � ا � ا � � ة ة � ة ��ب ة ا ا ب � � � � � � � � � م � م � ل � � � ح ل � ح � � � � � � � ح � � � � � ل � ط �� � ة و ب ب �ور ا �ل ��ة� ك��� ا ر�����ل� �و ب ب � س ب� و �ة� �ةو ب ر و ر ة� �ل ب �� ب ل ب ب ب� �� ب ب ة �� ة �ب ور�ب�ا ر � ك� ل� �و��د رة س � ���� �و�����ا ���س �و�ة�ا �و�و�� �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك �م بس ك�����و� م���ل�� �و��س��� ةس ���� ب� �� ب� ا� ة � � ا � � ة ا �ة � ة �ة � ة � � �ة � ة �ا� ا � � � ة ب� �ب�ل� د ا �ل��مر�� ب����د �م� �لب������ ��وة ب ��ة� �م� ���د ا ا �ل���� ��س � او � �ل�� �و�و� �لب������ �لب��� م���ل �ل�ب�ل�� ب ب ة ة ا ��ل��س � � ب � � ب ة �مر�م�� �����ا ��ة� �و�ه�و ���لب ��ة� ب��مة���ل. �م�ور ا �ل�د ة� ك ���ا � ا ������ر� ������ل��م� �م بس �م�دة�� ب��� �م� ة ة بً� ب ة � ب بب ح� � ���د �ب�ا �ة �ر��ة �ور����ا ��ة��ا � ا� �م ار ��� �����ل��ط�ا � �ر�����ا �و��هة� ب�ل�هة��د� ح�ة�را ركب���ب��ا ��ة� �ع �ر�ا �ب�� �و�� � � � ة ة ب ة ا� ة ا� ا ة ب ا � ب ب � ا ا� ا ة ب �ع بس �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س � �� م�� ح� ���� ��� � �و����� �و�م� � بر���� ا �ة� �ور���� �ة�� را ��ة� �عس ب�ل���د � ة ع ب��ة��ب��هر ة ا �� ب ب �ب ا � ة � � �ل �م ا ب ا ��ل��ل � � ب � ل �ب ا ا ل ب ا ب ب ب� ب ح��� ا�ا�م��ل�ك � �ا�م�ا � �مرك���� �ل� ��� ��م� م� ���د ا �مة�� ا �ل�د ة� ا بر � � ب� �� ح� ب ��ة� �ب� � ���د ا ا � و �ور ة ل ة ع � �� � ب ب �� � ب ب � ال �ب � �ة ا ��م �� �و����ل ب��ا ا �ة��� � ار��ة ة� �و��ه� �ع�م�ا ر� � ك� م���ل���� �م��سة��د� � او ط � ح��� � ٢مر���و��� �مس د �ل�ك ب�ر ة ب� ب ة � � ا ��ل� ا �ة � � �ب � ب ة � ا� ا ة � �ة ا ��ل��� ا �� �� ب� ���لة��� �و�م�د ا حس �ل�لك ع�م� لةر � �مو�ع��� �م�د �هب�� �و�م� �ب�����مر� س ا �ل�ا�� ��ود ا �ل�د �ة� ب�ة�� � ك � م�� س أ أ ت 1ل �ترد ر� ����ه ف�� ا ا �ل��ف�����ص�ل ف�� ال��ص�ل ٢ .ال��ص�ل :وا �����طت����� حت����ه�ا. ت م م
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Chapter Nine1
Our Arrival in Paris, in October 17082
We remained at the home of my master’s friend for a few days, until my master
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had sorted out his affairs. He had an expensive suit tailored for himself, and sent his book off to the printer. The book described in great detail the journey he had undertaken, the lands he had visited, and all the stories and sights he had seen and heard, which he had recorded every day. And he had a fine cage built for those animals I mentioned previously, of which only two remained.3 Once my master had secured all that he needed, he told me to put on the
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clothes I’d sent for from Aleppo. They included a short reddish-brown overcoat made of Damascene alājah fabric, some jakhjūr trousers made of londrin, a fine belt, a silver-plated dagger, a turban cloth and cap, and other such pieces of Eastern clothing. I put on all the clothes, but instead of the turban I wore a calpac similar to the ones made of sable fur my master had purchased for me in Cairo. It was a beautiful calpac. We climbed into a carriage and set off for the town of Versailles and the king’s palace. It was an hour and a half from Paris. As we approached Versailles, I perceived something glittering in the distance, so bright it dazzled the eye. “What’s that I see?” I asked my master. “The king’s stables,” he replied. As we drew near, I saw that it was a splendid, imposing building, roofed with those black stones that people write on.4 The chimneys had gilded funnels, and when the sun shone it was impossible to fix your gaze upon them,
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� ا� ا ب ا ة ة ا ب� � ب � � ب � � ا ب ب �م�ا ��ة��ة��د ة� ة ة � ب ب �م ب� ا ب ��� �� � � �ور �� طو�ل د �ل��ك ا �ل��� �س���م ب�� �م����ة� ��ة� �� � ب ر ��� �مس ����د� � ة م�� � ح� ��� ا ��� ر ة� �و ا ا� � ب ب ������ ����ا ��� � بو�ل���د� �و����ل ب��ا ا �ة� �ور���� �ة��. ب ب ب ��� �� ���� � �م��ة������� ��ب ا ��لب���ا ��� � �م�ا �م ا ���ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ا �� ة� �ة�د ا � ا ��ل��م ا ��ا �ك� � � س ���ل�م�ا ���م � ب�ا �� ة� ة و بةر رة م رة ر � �ة� � رة � ب � � ا ا ل ب ب �م ب � �د� �� � ة ا � � �م�د� ا � ل �� �م ب �ر��� �م����ل ا �لر�م�ا � �و ��ة� ا �ل�و��م ��ط �ة��د �ور��� د ر بر�و� س ح� ة��د بل��ل�و �� م� �و ة��د بر�و س ج �ب ب ا � �ب ب ب ةب ب ح ب�� د ��� � ب � ة ا ��� �م ب � � ح�� �م ب��� ا ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا � �ل����س طة�ول��ل��ةس ا � �ل�� �م�� �و ��ة� ح�د�ة��د �و� او ������ةس ب� و �ب� ب� ا �ل�د �ة� ب��ة����د � ل س ة � �ب ب � �ب � � � ���ا را ة� � او ��ل ح��ل ا �ل�ا ا �ل��دةل بس ب��ة���ر�بم�و��ه ���ا �ل�سم�ور� �و�م�ا �ة��د �ع� او ا � ح��د �ة��د � � ار ب� � بو��ة����مر� او ك ا �ة��د �هم ا ���� ب م � ب� � ب ا � ب � � ب� � ب � � ب ا �ب��� ���� � �ب�� ب ةس �م بس ا �ل��د �و�ل�� ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ب��ا ب� � ار د � او �ة�� ���د � �و� عس ا �ل�د � �و�ل � م رو ب ا � ا � � � ا ا� ب ب � ب ا � �� ة ا ب � �� �ع ��ط� ه� �����ل��م� ا ���� ر� ا�م��ر�و��� �ع��د ه� �� �ط�ل� �� او ���ب��ة��ل��. م م ة � ب � ب ا �ب �ة � � � �ة ب ا �� ا ب � با � �ب ب � ا ا ا � � � � ا � � � � � � ا حة�ب�ً�د د � � � � م ل ا ا � ل ا � ل � � � � � � د ل ل � � �م � � � ��م � � ح �� � � � ح�ل �ة� ك ة� ب ب� � رة ك و �ة� ل�ك و ر ة� � و ة ً � ا�� م��ا ب� ا �� ب� ا �ة�ب � ب � ب �م� � ا � � ب م���ل�ب� � او �م�ا �م�� ب��م��ل�� �م ب ا ��بل ح�ا ��ل�� ب���س� � ك� ���دا � ا� ك� ة س ��� � او ���ةس بح��ود ���ل ا �ل� �و�ة��ةس �و ب� س ب ة� م � � � � ���� � �و�� بس ��ل�� بد ا �ة�� �ب�ا �����ةر� ح ب� ب�ة��� ب��م ا�امب ب� �� �ب ا �ة�ة � ا � � ��� �ل ب� ا �� �و�ه�و �م� ة �� ب� �و ة���ل �ر � ل��د م ة�� �� ��مة� �وح� ب ب ة ب ب ب � � � ب ب ة ب � ح�ب��د �����د �ب�ا �� د � �ع ��ب�� �م������ ب � � ���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة���ب��ا � �ول��ر�م�� � او د � �ل�� ��ة� ا �ل��د �� �و�ل� .ة ً �ة ع �مس ب ر ة� ربج رة س ب � ب� � ة � ب �ب ب � ة �ا ب ة ح ب ا ��� ا ��ل�� ا�ا ك� �و � ���ا �� �م ار �ة�� ا � �لورلةر ا �ل��د �ة� ة���س�م�ا ب� �لو���م ���رةل بس �و�ه�و �ورلةر ا �ل ���مر�� م�� � � �لو ب� � ة � �ة ا �� �لة��س ا � ب ة �� ب ب� � � ا ا ب � ب ا ا ب ب ب ا � ب ط � � س ل � ا � ا � د� � � �مر� ل�ورةر. ح�� بب �� م� م ح� ب���د م� ح� � د � د ح�ل�� ب ة ة � � � ب �ب �م �ة�� � ا ���ل�م�� � �ل ��� �ل�� �م ب ��س��ا � ة ح�ب��د ������ل�م �ع�م�� ��م�� ا �ل�ل�� � �لة �ل �ب � ا ة � � ب ا ا � ح��� ح� ر و بو و س ة �ل�م� ا �م���ل�� ا �م� �م�� ة ً �ة� ل ة� ة� ب � � � ب ا � ة � �ب � � ب ة � � �ة �ود� ��ة� ا �ل ���ا � ا ������را �ه� ��سس� ��س�� دة�ل� ا �ل�د ة� ك ا ��ة� �ب��هرة���س �ب�ا �ل����ل�� �م�� � او �ع ��ط�ا � ا � �ل��ا ة��م�� ا�ام�و ب�� ب م ع �ب ا � ة � � � ب ة ا� � � � � ب �ة �� �ب ا �ه ا � �ةًا ب���ل ا ة ا �ةل�� � ا ��ل ��د� �ب ا � � ا ح � د ل �� � � � � � � �س�� ح�� ا �ة� ح� ر ب� �ة� � ة �مر� ا�م�لك ا �ل�د �ة� د ل�ر� �م ���� بل�� �م� �ر ك ب ةر � ب ة ��ب ب ب ب ةب ة � ا � �ب ة �ة��� �و�ه ب��ا � ���� ����ل�� �مة��� �م بس �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��ه� او �ل ا �ل��د �ة� ��ا ����ا ���ا ��ة� �����ر� � او � �ل����ة�ر ك�� ة� � او ���� � ب ب ب � � ً ب ب ة ب � ةب �و���س �ب�ا �ة��ب� ة� ا �ل�ورلةر � ار ��ة� � او �ة��ب��ا �و ��ة� �ة��د �ة� ا � �لة ب� �م بس ب�ل���د �ع ����س. ��� ��ة� �ة��د �ة� ������س ا �ل�و�� �م ب � ب ا ا ة ا ً� ب � ب � ��ا ب ة ا ب �ب ب ب � �ك����ا �ل ������ل��م� �م�ا ���د ا ا �لب���ل�� � �و�م�ا ا �ل��د �ة� ��ة� �ة��د� �� ب� ح� �ب�� �� �ة�ل� ���د ا ا �ل���ل� �م ك�� � لر ب��م� ��ة� م ة � ب ب � �� ب ا �ب �� �� د ا ������ه��د �ب ���د ة �ل� ب� � � ��� ب� ل� ا ��ل � ��� � ا�ا�مب ب� ���� � �م�ا � � ��س ك ك � ح م � ع � ��ة� �����ر�ة� �و�ام�ا ح �ة� ب ل ل و رو ة �و ب � ب ��س و �و س ةرب�ة� ة � حة � د �ب ����ا ل �� �� د ا ��ل�ة د �ة ��ا �ب�ا ب ح��د ة� �مب ح��د � �سس����ة ا ��ل�� بد �� ��ا ب��ل � � � � � � � � � ب را ��ة� �����م �و ب��و �ة� ةر ب ل �ة� ر�� ة ب ة� م �� ب � � � ب � ب ة ���هة ��� ��ب� �ة ب����� �و ب� ����ا دةل بس ا � ة��م��س��ل�و�ه� ��مو ب� حب�ة���� ����ه� �و� ل ��د ر� او ا �� ���بس ��ة� ا �����ر� �لة� �م�ا ة� � � ة س ة ة م م م ة ب � ة �مب��� ب��م����� �بك� ��ة �مب��� ا ��� ب��� ب ���ا ب� � ةس ب��ا ب� ك� ح��ل ا � �لة ب� �م �ةر��ك �ب��ر�ة��د ةل ار �ه� ���ا �ه� د ا � ����س. حب� ةب �ة� � م �م م م 4
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Chapter Nine
as they gleamed so brightly. We spent half an hour driving by those stables before arriving at Versailles. As we approached the king’s palace, I could see that there was a vast open
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space before it, surrounded by an iron fence as tall as a man with his arm outstretched, and topped with points as sharp as spears. At the center was a gate that opened onto the space, flanked by tall soldiers carrying battle-axes and spears, and snarling like panthers. They allowed no one to pass except those they recognized to be known at court. When we approached the gate, the soldiers tried to turn us away, but my master gave them a password and they let us through. We entered the square and walked across it to the gates of the king’s palace.
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There were soldiers there just like the ones we’d seen earlier, along with a seated chamberlain wearing an ornate uniform. He was a handsome man of dignified bearing, attended by a group of servants. When my master stepped forward and introduced himself, the man welcomed him in most cordially. We climbed a grand set of stone stairs, then headed to the pavilion of the minister known as Pontchartrain, who was minister for the Orient. We received permission to enter, and presented ourselves before His Excellency the minister, accompanied by the chamberlain. My master bowed ceremoniously and announced that he’d returned safely
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to Paris from his voyage. He presented the minister with an inventory of the seven trunks’ worth of goods he had purchased for His Majesty the king during his travels. The minister read the inventory and repeated his greetings, congratulating my master on returning home safely despite all the frightful things he’d surely encountered during his voyage. I stood at some distance from the two men, holding the cage with the animals inside. The minister spotted me. “Who’s that, and what’s he carrying?” he asked my master. “This young man served as my dragoman during the voyage,” he replied. “When we were in Upper Egypt, I discovered some peculiar animals, which I’d never seen in all the lands I’d visited. I managed to procure seven of them, despite the fact that it’s very difficult to catch them. I put them in a cage to transport them home, but five perished along the way and only two survived. If Your Excellency would like to see them, they’re in this cage.”
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ب ا � ا �� ب ل � ا ب � ب� � �ب ا � ا � � ا ة ب� �بد ا ا �� �ة ب� �م ب � � ا � ب ا � ب ة �مر� ��و �����ح� �� مر �لورةر ب� � ة��د ح�ل�و ة� م� م� �و �� �و ل����س س ة��د ة� �و عر� � ة � ب � � ب � � ب ب ح��ل�ةهة ��� ا � بل�ه � �و���س �و ��� ب� حة�ب��� ب���ة��ا �ل ا ��ة� ������ل��م� ا �ب�ا ل � برة��د ا �رب� ا�ام��ل�ك ا �ل�ورلةر ���ل�م�ا را ء �ة�ة�� ب���ك ا �ل�و�� ة ج �م ة � � ب �ب ��ل � ب ب � � ب ة ���د � ا ��ل � ����د � 1و �ة� ا حة �� او �ب�ا ة� ��ة� ا �لب���د �ل�ا� �ب�ا ة� �و�ك ة� ب�ر�و ب� ��ا �ل ا �مر �ب�ا � ح�� ا ��ة� ا ��� ة ���ة� ب � � � � ب ب � ب � ة � ب ب �م ار ��ة��� ب��ا د ب� ة�ل�� ��ط� �وب�ا �م��ر�و�ل ��ة� � ح��ل� �وب�ا ا ��ة� �م��ر�و�ل ����ر�و��س �و��د �م� او � ب��ا �م بس ا ك����ل �و ���مرب� ة ا ب ة � ب ة �ب �و�م� � ح��ا ب� ا �ة��� ����� ��� �ة�� �م�ا �ة��ل�و�. ج ة ب ا ة �ة ب ا �ب ب � � ا� ب ب � � � ا ب � ة � �ب ا ة ب �ب �� ��س���م�� �ة� د �ل�ك ا�م��ر�و�ل ا �ة� �� �ة� �ة �لو�م ا �ة� �ب���ل ا �ل�د ��ر ب����� �ع���ةس .حة��ً�د ا �مر ب ب � ب � ب حب ا ��ل�و برلر ��ب� � ح��ل ا ��ل�و برلر �و� ��ور�ب�ا ا �م�ا �م�� �و����ا ر ب�� ب��ا ا ��ة� د �ة �ل او � ا�ام��ل�ك ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ��د ب� ح ب� � س ة ة ة ب ا ب � ا�ا� � � � ب �ة ب �� � � � ب ب ا �ل � �� لب � ة �ة � ب ا ا � ا ح� ر ب ا ��ة� � �س���م ب�� � �مر� �ود � ح��ةس �م� �رب م�لك مس �� ح��ل ا �ة� ا �ل�دةل� او � �� �� �م� ا ل�ورةر ج ج � ��ب � � �� ��ل ������ل�م � ���ط��ل� �م ب��� ا بد ب� ��ب د ب�� �� ب ا ب ب� � �ب ا ب ا �� ة ا�ام�� � � ا �ة�ب � �م ب ة� ة� و و �ة� و ب �و �� ��د ح�ل�و� �رة� لك و �� و س ����ة� � � � � � � � ة ا ب ة ب ة � ب ����ط���� ب ا ك���ا ل د � �ة��� �ل���ا ��� ا �ة���� � ا �ل���� ا ب �� ا � � �� ا � � ة�� ةم���� �و��سم� �ل�� �م� ةس بر و ب ة � ة ب و ���ع �و�ه�و �ط�وةل��ل ا ل�� م� �ب��ه�ة� � ا ا� ب ب �� ب � ة ة ا ة � اب ا ب ح�ة��ة ا � ب ب� ���� ب�ة���� . حة�ب�ً�د ا �مة�����ل ������ل��م ا �م�ا �م�� �م���ر �و�مس ����د� �هة�ب����� �م� ب��ة����د ر ا �ل������ � ة� � ر ةب� � ب ة � ا�ا� � � ا ��� � � � � �ب ��ك�� �ل�� �م بس �م�ا �ة�لة��ا �ل ��ة� ���ة��ا ب�ل��ل�� ا�ام��ل�وك ك��س�م�� ة� �و�ع�م��ل �ل�� �م ��ط�ا ��ة��� �ود ��� �ل�� �ب��د � او �م م�لك �و �م � ب ا�ا� �� � ب� �� ا ب ا ة � � ب ��م � ة ا ا �� ة � ة ا � ا ب � ة�ة ب� مس ملك ح�ط� ب� د � �ل�ةس �و ب ح��� ا �ة� �����ل��مة� �� �ة�ول�ل�� �ب� ��� ب�ة����سم����ر ب��ة�ر� ����ة� ا �ل��� �ب�� ل ��ة� ب ب �مر�����ا ��ة� ب� ح��د �مة���. ا� ةب � ة� � � � ب � � ب ا �� ا�ا� �� � ا ب � ب ا ب� ً ة ح�ة�را ا � �لة��د � ا �ل�ورلةر �و���� ل ملك � ك �و��س ��ا �مرا�ام��ل�ك ���ا � �ب�ة�ر�ة��د ة�� ���ربج ���� �ل�لك ا �ل�و�� م ة � � ب ��ا � ���ا ر�ه� ا �م�ا �م��� . ح��د � او �م بس �ة��د �ة� ا � �لة ب� �����و� ا �م�ا � ا�ام��ل�ك ���ل�م�ا را ء حة�ب�ً�د ا ب� ����س �و�و ب� ح ب� ب م م � � �ة � با ا ب � � ب � ب ب ة � � ا ل ة ب � �� ه � ح� �م � ح�� �له��� �ك���� � ������ل� �� ا � ��ل� د � � ح�د �ه� �� ب� ح� �ب�� ��ة� �ب�ل� د ا �����هة��د ا � �ل �� و و س ب ب س � م ل �مة� ة� ة� ب و ب م ب ب� ب ��ا ب ��ا ب � د ب�� ب�� �� �ب�ا � ا ا �بك����ا ��ل�� ا �� ب� ا ��� ����ل ا �����م ا ل ��ة� �ود ل�ر ب �س��د �ة� ك�� � �ل او � ب ة ة���م د ل�ر �سس���� �وك�� � �م�و ب��و ح� �ب�� �ة� � ة ً � �ب � ب ب ب ب ب ا � � �ا � د ���� ا بل �� �ود ل�� �ك����ا �ل�� ا �� ب� ا ا � � او بل ���� � او �ل� � �م�ا ���د ة� ا �عر�� ا ب� ك� ��� �م� ا �س�م���م �ة� ة �� � �م�و ب��و ة� م ة� ر ة �ب �ب ب ب ب ا �ة ب ة � ّ ة ا � ��ل ب ة ا� ب ب � � ا ا � � � � � �ب�ل�� د �ه� ب��� �����ل��م �و�م� ك�� � ب��ة��� �� ا س�م��� ا �و ا ��� ����� �� � ���� ا ��� �و�� �ل � ح� �مر� ا�م�لك ة� ر ة م ل ة� م ب � �ب ب اب ا ��� . �ب� � ����ل ��ل� �م ا �ل��د �ة� ����هة� ب��ة���ر�� ا ���� �مة� م ب � � ب ح�ب��د ا ��ة��ب� ة� ا�ام��ل�ك �وك�� ���ا لبر ا ��ل��د �و��ل�� � ���ل ا ك� �و�ة� �و����ا �ل ب��� � او � س ���د � ح��د �مب���� �ع بس ا �� � � �ة ً ة م ة م ب ا ا� اب ة � � ة ب�ا ا ��ل� �� � ب ة ة � ا ب ب � � ا �و��س ������ل� �ل�� �ب� � ��ة� �ب�ل� د �ه�م ب�ة����س�م� ب�ر�ب �لوع �� �مرا�م��ل�ك �ب� � �ة�ل��د �م� او ��ة� �ل��م �و �ر ��ط� ر و ف أ « 1ف� ا �ل ف���� ...ا ل ا ������ص���� » ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش ص��س و«ا ������صت����» �م��ط���و��س �ت� ال��ص�ل. ت� ت ت� � ت�
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Chapter Nine
The minister gave an order to have me brought before him, and the cage
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was taken from me and presented to His Excellency. “I’m going to show these animals to the king tomorrow,” he said when he saw the curious creatures. “It’s too late to go now, since he’s already left for the hunt.”5 The minister then ordered some lodgings to be prepared for us at the palace. We were taken to a furnished residence, and offered food and drink of the finest kind. We remained in that residence until the next day. Two hours before noon,
9.9
the minister summoned us, and took us to the king’s council room. The minister entered first. We remained outside and waited for the king to emerge from his pavilion and enter the council room. Once he had, the minister informed him of my master’s arrival and asked permission for us to enter. We were brought into the room, and I saw the king standing there, with the notables of his realm lined up to his right and left looking extremely prim and proper. The king was tall and splendid to behold. His presence inspired such awe that it was impossible to fix one’s gaze upon him for long. My master presented himself before the king and saluted him with due reverence, praying that his reign would endure, and expressing all the formulas appropriate for the greeting of kings. I heard the king address my master tenderly and affectionately, thanking him for the effort he’d expended in his service. The minister then stepped forward and asked if the king would like to see
9.10
the animals, and the king ordered them to be brought forward. They took the cage from me and set it before him. When he saw the creatures, he was astonished by their appearance and asked my master where he’d found them. “In Upper Egypt,” he replied. “Is there one female and one male?” “Sire, there were originally seven, both male and female,” my master explained.6 “At present, however, I no longer know whether they’re female or male.” “What are the animals called in their country?” the king asked. My master, who didn’t know the name, or perhaps had forgotten it, looked embarrassed, and turned to me. “Your Majesty, the young man who accompanied me knows what they’re called.” The king and all his nobles turned to face me. Someone asked me what the animals were called. I replied that, in the lands where it is found, the animal
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�ة ة ة � ��ة�� ة� ا ��س�م��� �ل��ل����ا ب� ا ��ل�� �� �و� ���� ا ��س�م��� ب�ل��ل����ا �ب� ب���ل�م�ا ة��د � �م او ��� ا � �لة�رب ���ط�ا بر �ب�� ح�� ا ك� ���ب��ة��� ب ر ب ب ة ة بة ة م م ا ��ة ��ة ا � ب ًا � ا ب �� ب ب ا � ا � ب ب ب ة ب ب ة ا � � � � � � � � � ا � � � � ��� ب�ل�ل���� � ل� �ر���� �و ة� �ل��ة� ا �عر� ا ر ة� � او ك� ب� �ب� ل� �ر���� �و ة� ب����د �م� �ب��� ا س�م� ا �ة�� � �م � ب ة ا� � � ب�ة ب ب ب �ب � ا� � ا �� ب�� ب ا ب �ب ّ ا� � � �� � ��ل ح� �مك� د ل�ر�� � او �عر� �و �مر� ا�م�لك ���ر��س �ة� ا�م�لك �و���� �ل �����ل��مة� �م� �ه�و ���د ا ا �ل���ل� �م �و�مس اب ا � � ب اب ا ا �� ��ل�� د �ه� �ب�ا � ا ب �ب � ب � و ب ح� �ب�� �����ل��مة� �و�ه�و ��� �ة� ��� �م�� �ل�ل� ر��س �ب� � �ة� � ة ة ب �س��د �ة� ���د ا ا �ل���ل� �م �مس � � ب � ب � ة � � ب �س�ة��ا �م� او ��� ا ����ب�ة������� �ب�ل�� د ����ور��ا �م بس ا ر��س ا�ام�ة��د����� �و�ه�و �م بس ��ط�ا �ة�لب��� ا�ام� او ر�ب�� ا �ل��دةل بس ا � ة � ة ة � � � � ا ا �ب � �ة ا � ب ا �� ا � ا ب ب ��� ا ة� �ل� �. �س��� �مس �ع���د ا �لر�����ل �و م� ��� ��و م � ا �ب� ���ر� ة � ب ب� � ةة ب � �� �ة ا � � ب ح� �م ب������� ب�� ا ��ل��د �� �لب��� ب ةس ابل بس ا�ام��ل�ك �و�ه�و ر ب� �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك� د � �ل ة ور ح��ل �م بر �لوع ا ل�� م� �ع��هة� � ب �ب � � ب � � ب � �م��ل�ك ا � ا ب ا ا مس ا �لر ب� ح�ا �ل �و���د ا ك ���ا � �ة�لة��ا �ل �ع ب��� �ب�ا � ا ب� �لو� �م��ل�ك � او ب�� ب��� ا �ب� ل ���� ��ة�� �و�م� �ه�و ب ��ر ة �ب � �م ب ب� ة �م��ل�ك �ب�ا �ة�لة��د � � او �ة ب�ل� ب� ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل� �� � ب � ا � �ل�ه ���ا � �ع ب��د� ح��ل�هة���� �وك و �و��س ��ل�م� را �هم ا بح ب� س م � رج ة� م � ب � � ب � ب ا ا ا ا ا �� � ب � ا ب � � � � �ودةلس �ة� ا �ل�د ��ة�� �ب� ��مر��� �م� ���د ا �و��س ا�م�و ب�� ��� ب �مة�� ا �ل�و�� ���ور� ب���ة�ر� عة��سم�� �م���ور ة� ع ب ب � � ا�ا�م�� � ا �� � ب � ا ��س � � � �ب حة�ب�ً�د ا �م ��ا � ح ��� � . � ���د ا ا �� �لو� � ا � � � � � ���د ل � ح� د �� ل � � م ل � � م ح � ح ب� ���ا ر ة�� ك ة� �و و و ر ب �ل ب ر س �� �� � ا� ������ ا � � �ب ا � � ب ا م�ب ��� �� �� �� ب � � ة ا ا ا � ا � � � � � ا ل ��ةسهة�� � �و�م� ���� ك��ل د �ل�ك �� �م �و ل�م �و�م� �ل� �م�ة���ل �ة� ���� ةر ا �ل�د ��ة�� �ة� ل�م ��� ب� �و ب � �م بس ا �ل����ل�و� . م ة ب � ة � � � � � �ب ا � ب ا ا� � � ا� ب � ا� ب ب���ل ا � ب � � �ب � �� � � � � � � � � � � �� ل ا ا ا � � ا ا ك � � � � م ل � ل �م� ح� �مر م�و���� ل�و م�د ل�ور و �ربج ���� لك ل�و � �و س ���� ل� ب س لك م�د ل�ور بة ب �ة ا �� ��� ا ة ب ا ا ا ب ا � � ً� ب � � ب � ب ة��ا �ة�ل�� �ل�� ����ل �ل�� ب� ��ةس�هة�� � �� ب� ح� �ب�� �ب� � �م� را ء ����م� ���م ا �وا �����م �م�د ل��ورةلس ��ة� ك�� ب� � ب حب��ر� �ة� �ب � ب ح�ة ��� �ه ا ب� � �ة ا �� � � ��ر � �و�ل�ا � ��ور�� . د ل� حة�ب�ً�د ا ر�����ل � او ح� �مرا�ام� ��ور � ة� ة ��ور � د ح��ل ��ور �لو � �و��س م ب � � ب �ب �ا �ة ب ة ح�ا �م�� ل�� ��� � ك� �و���س �و� م��ا � �و�ل� �ة��د ا �ل ��ة� �ع ب��د� � بو�ل���د� ا �مرا�ام��ل�ك �ل��ل�و رلةر �ب�ا � ة��ب ���ه� ����ل �و�� � ة م ة ع ا � لا � �� ب�� ا �م ب ا �������د ا ��ل�ة ح�� ب �� ا ا ��ب� ة� ا�ا�م��ل�ك �م ة� ابل ب � � ةس �م�ا ةلر ب� ه ةر �ه� ا ��ة� � � ح�د ك � � � � ع �م� د ا �م� د لبرل��وة و س ة �ة� ة� ر س م � � ب � ب �� ب ���ا ب� ا�ام��ل� ا�ا�م��ل�ك ���د ��� د �وك ��ل�� ح���ا ب��� ���ة ا�م � � � ل � �� ة���ا ب����ة��� �و���د � ا �و�ل �مر� د ح��� �وة���س�م� ك � ل ك � � ة بر و � ب �ب و و ة ة ة � �ا ب ب ب ا � ب � ة ا ا� � � ا� ب � �ب � � ب � ة� �ب ة �ب ب � ب � ا �ل�د ة� ���مرك� �ة� ر�و��� �م�لك ا�م�د ل��ور �ة� د �ة �ل او ��� ا ع��� �ب�� ����ل��ط� � � ����ح� � �� لر ا �ل ا �ل� ة ة ر ب ة �وة ربع ب ا ة ��لة � � ب ب ب ب ة � ب ا ح�ةه ة �م ب ب � � � ا �ب �ة � � � ���د ا ا ��ل�ا��س� �و ب �مة�� ا �ل��د �� د ل� ��� ا �ل�� �ه� �ل��� ��� ا �س د � � � � � ل � � � ل � و و ر ر ة ة ر ب و ة ة س �ع��مر�مس � س م ع ا ب ا ب �� � � ا ب ة � ا � ����� � � �م�ا �ةا ���ة��ة��� ��ا �ا�م�ةهة�� � � ة ا � �مر �ة��ل� ة�� ��و�ه�م ا � �ل�� ر�ة� �ب� ��ة� ب��ل� ��ة� ك��ل��م�ة� �ل� ��ة� را ��ة� ا ��سة�� � ة ر و ا �م� ب ب م ب ��ة ة ا � ا ة ة �ب ا �� ب ب ة ب� ب ب � ا � ب ا� ا ��ة ة ح�� �و���د ا �س��ا � ��ب�� � ��� �و�ل� �ب �ل�� �ة� �ب� �ة� �م��د ا بر�ل���� �و �م�����ةس ��س��� �ل��ة� �م� ��ب��� ����ل � ة
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Chapter Nine
is called a jarbūʿ.7 Then the king ordered his attendants to give me a pen and paper so that I could write the name down in my language. I took the paper and wrote the name in Arabic as well as French, for I knew how to read and write in French. After I’d written the words and they’d showed them to His Majesty the king, he studied me carefully. “Who is this young man?” he asked my master. “What country is he from?” “My lord, this young man is from Syria, in the Holy Land,” my master said, looking down. “He belongs to the Maronite sect, which has been part of the Church of Saint Peter since the time of the apostles, from which it has never diverged, even to the present day.”8 At that moment, Monseigneur the Dauphin, the king’s son, entered the
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room. He was of medium height and quite rotund. People liked to point out that although both his father and firstborn son were kings—the latter being the king of Spain—the dauphin was not a king himself. He came forward to examine the animals and was amazed. He had an enormous drawing in which all the animals in the world were represented, with the exception of these particular ones. He summoned the king’s physician, Monsieur Fagon, a learned man whose knowledge of medicine, natural science, and other such disciplines was unrivaled in all the world. Monsieur Fagon appeared and looked at the animals, and the king’s son asked him if he knew anything about them. “Are they mentioned in any books of natural science?” he asked, and the physician replied that he’d never heard of such creatures, nor seen a drawing of them. Monseigneur the Dauphin called for an artist to add them to his illustration of wild beasts, and the king ordered the minister to hold the animals and their keeper in a place where they wouldn’t be seen, until such time as Madame de Bourgogne returned from the hunt. She was the king’s daughterin-law—the wife of his son, the Duke of Bourgogne9—and the king loved her like a daughter. That was the first time I had the great honor of seeing King Louis XIV, the sultan of France, in his council room, and I’ve faithfully recounted everything that took place, without any additions or omissions. But I’ve also been brief about it, so the reader won’t suspect that I dreamt all of this up. After all, I witnessed many things on my journey that I haven’t set down in writing, and that haven’t remained in my memory these past fifty-four years. As I now write this
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
��ب ة � ب ��بل � � ب ب ب ا�ب� ر ك ���ا � ��ة� ����� ة� � ١٧63او �ب�ا ك��� � �مو ب � �ود ��ة� � ��ب� �ب�ا ��� ب��مة�� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� راة��ة��� �و��س�م�هة��� �ب�ا �ل�سةم�ا � ك�� ��ل��. بم ة ب بة ع ب ا� ب � �ة �� لب ب ب� � ب ا �� � � � ا ا ا ب � ب ب � ط � � � س � � ا � ���دد� �ر ب� ���ل��ر ب� �� ا �ة� �م� ك�ح� �ة� � ح�� ا ل�ورةر �ود ح�ل�� ا �ة� ح�� �مس د �ة �ل او � �م�لك ب ع �ة � ب � ب � � ب ب �م�ب� بر�و�� ب��ا � او �م ا ��ل� برل �رل��ل� ب��ب�س �وا حة��� �ب�ا � �ل�ا �ة��د �ع� او ا � ح�د �ة��د � ح��ل �ل�ه ب��د �ب�ا �م بس ا �م�ا ر� �و��ة�ر�ه� �ة��ل�� ة��ة���رب�� ر وة م ب � � � � ب �س�ة� ب ا �� � ة ة ب � � � � ب ة ا ا ة ح�� ب � ا ا ا �� �و���س ة�ب��� �م� ل ار �ه� ك��� ا�م��ل�ك ا�م�د �ل�ور� �مك� ا �م � � ح� ����� ا � �لو�� ل �مر� ا�م�لك �� � �م�� ا ة� �ةس ر اة ا ة � ا �ب �� م� � ب ة ب ب � � ب �ب ب ب ا � ة � � ل � ل ا � ا � ع �م� ��� ر� ا �ل���� ��� �ة� ا ل����مر� ا ع��ة� �ب���ل ������ ا �ل ة���ل ب����� ��ةس .حة��ً�د �مر ل�ورةر �ة� �ة ة ب � � ب � ب ا �� � ��ور�ب�ا ا �م�ا �م�� �ب��ل�م�ا � �م �بر�ا �م ������ � او �م�ا �م�� ا بر�ل���� � ب��ود�ة ���سم� ا � ا � ���ل � ا �م ار �� حب� ح ب� � ة ع �ة� � و � �ة� � ة � � ب� �ب � �م�ا د ا �م�ا د لبرل��� بو��ة��ا ا�ام�د ل���ور� ك��� ة� ا�ام��ل�ك. ا ب � ب ب ب ا �ب � � ب� � ة � ب ب ������ ب� ب� �م ب �ع ب��د���ا � حة�ب�ً�د د �را � �لورلةر � او ر�����ل �ة� � ��� �ة� ا �ل�د � ح�د ا د � �م � �و�ل � بو�ل���د � ة � رج س ��� ب� �� ب ل ا � � ب� �� �ب ب � ب ب � �� ا �ع ب ا �� � � �� ب ��م ��ة��� ب ح��ل ا �ل�ورلر � او � �� �ول �د � ح�� ���� س ل�و � ةس �وك��ل�� او ا ل�ورةر �ب� �ل�د � �و��س �و�ة��� ا � ةر ة ة � � ا � ل � ة� � � �ب ا ة �ب � ب ا ب ا ا ا ب�ب � ا ا ��ل��م ��ا ة � ا د �ب ح��ل� �ب�ا � ح�د ا ا�ام��ل�ك ا �مر �ل� ا � ةر ه� ب��لك � �مر� �ة� ا ح� ��� ر�� ا �م� �م��� �رب �و رة � و و م ب �ل ا ب � ب ا ب ة ا� ��� ا � ح�ا ��ل����� ب ا �� ب ��ً�ا �� ���� � ا �م�ا �م��ا ا � ��ل�اد ا ��ل�ا�م�ا � � � � �� �م� د � � � � ل ل � � � � � � �� � ح � � � �ة� ر ة� و � و ح�ل�� � ار��ة� ا�م�ل��� ب ر ب ةس ة �ة� � �� � � � ب �� ة � � ا ����� ب��ة���ل� به �� او ��ب� ا � �لور�ة� � او �م�ا � ك�� ح�د م ���ل � او � ا� ل �و����� �م بس ا �ل��م �ر�ا ة� ��� �ل�و�م�� د�� ب� �و � ���ر ة ة م ة �م �� م �ب ���ا �ب��� ا ��ةم�ا � ��ل�ا������ ب ���ل��� ا ��ل��د ����ا ب� ا�ا�م�د��� ا �ل�س�م�� ب ك� ةس �ب��ل�م�ا ا �مة�����ل ب��ا ا �م�ا � ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� ا�ام�د ل�� ��ور� ب م � م ر و ب ةس ة� م ة� ب ج ا �� � ��� �ب ب ة ح ب � ا�ا�م��ل� �� �ة ب�ل� �ة ا ب �ل �و��ه� ��ا ��ل ��مة�� �ب�ا �ب��د ا ر ة� � �وة ب�ل�ر ب� �� او �ل��ل�ك �و س �و���� � ح ة� ���� ل�و � � ���س و ب �و س �و� ة ب ة ع بً ة �ا ب ا �وا. ا �ل��م�ا ر� ا �ة�� ��� � �ل�رب�� بً � �� ب ���� �� ا د ��ا �� � �مب �� ح�ة�را ���ا ر� او ة��ة��ب�ر� �وا ���� ّ �و���� �م��لب ��و��� ك � ا� � � ��� ة��م�د �ة��د� ا �ة� � � ���د ر�ة� و و � � � و ة ة ة ة ب ة� ة� م �� ب ة�� �ب � � ة � � �ب �� �و���س �و���ا ر � او ة��ة��ب�ر�� ا ّ � �و�مب���� لةر�ب�� ���لب ���ة� �و�ة ك ح ة� ا �ل�و�� ���� را ��ة� ���رل�� او ر ب �و ���ة� و���ة� ب م ة عة� ب ب ً ا� ة � � ا ب � � ا �� ���د ا ا ��لب���ل�� � � �م ب ا �� ��ل� د� � ط � س � � � � � �م��لب ��و����ة� �وة ح�ل� او .ا � ح�ة را ���� �ل� ا �ل��م�ة ر� ا �ة� �����ل��م� �م� م وس ة ب ة ب ب � � � ب� ب ة � � � � ة ة ب ب��ا � �� �� او ر ب� ب��ا ب� ح�ا �ب����ا �ب�ا � ���د � ��� د� �ب�ل�� د �ه� ح�� �����ا �مك�� د ل��ر�ب�ا �����ا �ل ة� �ل�� �لة�� ���س �ل�� د �� بس ا �ع��ة� �� � ة م ��� �لة � ا � � �� او ر�ب���� . �م�ا بة�س �و � م ب �ا ا � ا ب� �ًا ب ب ب ة ح ب��ا �م ب �ع ب��د���ا �ب�ا � ة �ة ب ا ب � � ب �س���م�� �ع��د ���د � ا �ل��م�ة�ر� �����د ا ر ������ ���� �� .ح�ة ر ر س ط�س ة � ب ب� ا ب ب ا ب ب ة ا ب ة � ب ا ب ة � � ة ا� ب ب � � �م ب� ب ا ح��� ا �ل�ورلر �و �سم� � �مر �و�ل�اب������ رد ا ��ة���ةس �ل��� ر� ���� ��� ب����� ب �مة��ل�� ا�م�� حس �م� � و ��ة���� �� ب ة ة ة � ب� � ب� � م�دة���� ب��هرة���س ��س�� ���� ١٧٠٩ل �� د ة ب��ة�
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Chapter Nine
account of my voyage, it is the year 1763. I visited Paris in 1709. Is it possible I could have retained everything I saw and heard in perfect detail? Surely not. Let’s get back to the story. We left the king’s council room with the min-
9.14
ister and went to our chambers. The minister told the chamberlains not to let anyone enter, royals or otherwise, so that they wouldn’t see the animals before the king’s daughter-in-law did, as His Majesty the king had ordered. We remained there until ten—that is, until two hours before midnight, at which point the minister summoned us. Once we’d joined him, he set off with us in tow, preceded by four men carrying candles. We arrived at the residence of Madame de Bourgogne, the king’s daughter-in-law. The minister knocked and asked for permission to enter. A few moments
9.15
later, two attendants emerged and invited the minister in. He went inside and spoke to Madame de Bourgogne, telling her about the animals, and how the king had ordered that no one was to see them before she did. She ordered us to enter. Her attendants emerged from the room and brought us inside. As we entered, I saw the princess seated on a chair. Before her sat all the young princes, playing cards. Each had a pile of gold coins before him. The princes were surrounded by attendants as radiant as moons, wearing sumptuous clothes embroidered with gold thread. We presented ourselves before the princess, who surpassed everyone in beauty and finery, and she turned to observe the animals. All the princes also got up to come and look. Then they turned to study me and my costume. They lifted the hems of my
9.16
outfit, and one reached out to touch my chest, while another took the calpac off my head. No longer interested in the animals, they gazed upon me and my clothes instead, laughing. “Who is this young man and what country does he comes from?” the princess asked my master. He explained who I was. “Why does he have a beard?” she asked, meaning a mustache. “This is the custom of their country,” he replied. “The men do not shave their mustaches.” We stayed with the princess for half an hour, then left with the minister. On our way, we encountered a beautiful young girl wearing a royal cloak of embroidered silk. On her head was a spellbinding crown, encrusted with fine
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9.17
� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
اة ة ب � �� ب � � ا � �ب ����ل�� �م ��� � � ا �� � ا� ا � � ا � ع ب ب�� ر ل�ةر��م�� �م���ل ا�م� ��س � �وة� ��مو� �ور�مرد ����ة� �م�ل�و�ة� �مس ا �ل�دة��ب��بج �و �ة� را ������ ا ك ة �ل ر ب � � ب� � ب ب ح ��� �ب ب� ب �س �و������ا ا ر�ل� ��م �ر�ا ة� ب�����ة��ا ب� �ب�ا ب�ر� �و� ط� ا �ب�ب� ح��� بس �و ب��م�ا �ل ���ا �ل �ة� �ب�ا �����ا ب���� ة� �مر �و�� ة ب ة � ب ة بع ة � � � ا ة� � ة ب ة ا ا ب ب ا ح�� �����ا � � . حة�ب�ً�د ���� ���� ا�م��ل�ك ���ل�م�ا را ���ا ا �ل�ورلر �و���� �و�ع�م��ل �����ا ��م��� ب�ل���ا �ة�� ا �ل�د ب� � او �ل�� ة ة م بّ ا ب ا � � ا ة ب ة � � � ً ب ب ب ة ب ة ا ا ا ا ا ب � � ا � � � � � � � ح�ا �ب����ا ���سم���ا �و ���ط�ا ��� � � � ل � �� �ع�� �� � �� ا � � ة��� � ب� ح�� ��ل� ح�� ����� ��� ��ة��� ل�و � �و س ��ة� �ه�� � �مر� �ب� � ةل�ر ب � ة م �� �ب ��ل ا � ب � � �� � �ب ا �� ب ل ا �� ب� �� ة ب ب ة ب ا ا � ب ل � � � � � � ا � � ح�د � او ا � �ل � �و �ة� ا �� �ل ا � ����س مس �ة��د ة� �دا م �و �د م�و� ا �م� �م��� .حة��ً�د ك���� ل�ورةر ل��ط�ة� � ب �م ب ا �� �ة ب� � ا � ب�ل � ب ب �مر ة� ا ���ة� ا �ل�و�� ��� �ب ا �ة� ة �ب ة ا � �ك ح��ا ���ل�م�ا ��ب� س ���ة� ل����س و��� ر ة�ر ب � �و س � رل��د � �و ر� ��� ر�ب� �����هة� ب ب ة � ح�ة ة� �ع��ا �و�ل���ا �ود���ا � ا ��ل� برلر ��ب ا ���ا ر���ا � م��بس ا �ب�� ةلر ب� ح�ة� ة�� ���رب� ��م�ا ا � ل �� . و ة ة� � ب � ر ة ة � ع � ة ةج�ب � � � ب ��ا � ب� ��� � ا � ا ة ب ب �ب ا ا ا ا ا ب � ب � ل � �م ا ����� �م� � � ���� ك�� حط�و �و �ل� ح�ه�� ح ��ة حة��ً�د �� �ود ا �ل�ورلةر � او �م �ر� ا�م����ة�ر ا �ة� � ر م ة � ب ب ب ب �ب اة �م �ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��� ��م ��ة��� ب ب� ا ب ا � � � ةس �م بس �� �وا ��س ��م ار �ة� ��� � او �مر� او ا �ل�ورلةر ع ةر ح� �� ا ����ط�ل ب� �مس �ع��د ح� ر ة � �ة ب ا �� � ��� � � ب � ا � � � ب ا ب ا ا �� ب ل ا �� � � ب �و س � او �ل�د ة� � ح� م�ل� �� �م �ر� ل�ورةر �ب� لرب � �م بس �ب���ل ا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا �ب�� لةر�����ل �����س ل�و � �و ا ��ة� ا � ع ���ا �ب�� ا ���ا ب�� ���ة ح��ل ب��ا �ة�� ا� � � ب ة ة ب ب ح�ا ��ل ا �� ���ط�ا ��ل ��� � � ب � ة ا ا د ب� �د � ر طة�ول�ل��ةس ا � �ل�� �م�� ك� � �م ر س �مرا�م�لك � ار��ة� � او ������ةس ا ر ب� ب ب ب � ح��ل ب�ا ا �� � ب ���د ا ا ��ل ��ا �� � ا �� بد ا ة ا�ا�م��ل� �ب �ة��م � .ا ب���ًا د ب � �م��د � ر بح ل ر س � ك �ة� � ر حة ر ا بر�ل����ةس �ب� ��ط��ل �و � ة ع � ب ح��ل� ا ا ��ل��م ��ا ة � ا ب ح�ب��د د ب ح�ة�� � ا � ة �و�ه� �م ب��ا �م��ة ا�ا�م��ل� ح��د �و �ب� � ط�س � � �س��ة��ا � ا �ل�ورلر �و������ل � � . � � ك � م و و � � و و ة ً ة� ة م رة ة ب م ب� ا � ا�ا� �ة ح� ر ب م����ور�. ج �اة � ا ���س � ة ب �ب �ب �ل ا �ب ة � � � ب � � ا ة ة ا � � � � � ا � � � � � ح��ل را ��ة� م�لك ب� ة��� ا �ة� د ا � � �م� ا ���� ح� �ل��س ���� لر �ة� � او �م� �م� �مه���ةس �و �ة� �ة��د� ��� ب� ة � � � ب ب ا � ب ب ح�ا ب�� ب� ا �ل� �ر ��مرلر �ب�م��ل�ل �ب�ا �ل��دة��ب��ا ب� �ود ا � ب��ة��ة� ار �ة��� �ورا ��ة ة� �م بس ب� ح��ل�� ا �م�ة�ر� �مة���ة��� � او �ب��� ة� ج ة � �ب ب ��ل � ة ب � � ب � ة ح�ا ب�� ب� ا �ل��مرلر ��م� ا ا �ل��ة� راة�� ب��ا ���ا ��ة� ا �ل��د ر ب� � او �ة��ب��� �م بس ب� ��ا �ل ��د �م�و��ة� ا �ل��م �ر�ا ة� ا �م�ا �م �ل��ل�ك ة ة ب ة� ة �� ��� � ة ةة ا �� � � ب ب � � ة ا � ا� � � � � ا ا �� �ة ب� �ب �ة ا � � � ل ل � � م � � � م � ل � � � � �و��س �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� � ا �ل��م�ة�ر� ����� ل�و � � ح�ة� �� ���رجب � س و ر ة� �ل� ة ر و ب و ة � � � ب � ب � ح�ا ا ���� ��� � ب��ا �و ��� ���د� ���سم���د ا ب� ا �ل��د��� �و���ا ر �ة ب�ل� ب� ��� �ر����ة� � او ب� �ب��� ب��س ا�ام��ل�ك �م بس ����� ا � ل ة ر ر ب ة ة ج �� ة � � � ا � ا� ةب ا �� � ��� ��ب ة ا �� ب� �ة � � ا �ة��ب ��ا ب�� ا�ا�م��ل� � �� ة���ل��ة �ع�ة �� � � � ك � م�د � � � � ل � � � � � ل ل ك � � � � � ا �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل��م�ة ر� ا� ور ��ة� و و س و ةر و � ب ب ب ��ة� و ��ة� � � � ب � ح�ة ة�� ب��ا �و��ل ة� ا �ل ����سم���د ا ب� �م ب ���د ا�ام��ل�ك �و�م ب بر��ا د�ة � حل��� ا�ام��ل�ك ب��ا �ع ���ط�ا �� �ه�و ب�ل����ل�م�� ة س س �و����د ا ب ة� ة ة م � � ب ب ح�� �م بس ب��ة�ر ����ر�ب�� �ل�ا ب� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ب�����لة��� ا �مر�عر�� ب� �ل�ا ب� �م بس ��ل�� �ب�ا �ة� �ب�����ل ة� ����ل ا �مر ب�����د ا ب� ة � ب ب ة � � ا ��� ��م�د ���د� ا �� ا�ا�م��ل� � ��ا ب ح��د ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ��� �ة��د� �وك� ���ا ب� ������ل��م ة� �� � ح�� ��ة� �ب��هرة���س � �وة�ل ��و�ل ة ب ر ة ة � ة� ك وة ة� ة � ب � ب � ب ا ����ل ��ل� � ا � ح��د ا �ل���سم���د ا � �م بس �ة��د ا�م��ل�ك. م
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Chapter Nine
jewels like diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, and her entourage consisted of four beautiful attendants wearing sumptuous clothes. It struck me that she must be the king’s daughter. When the minister saw her, he halted in his tracks and saluted her most cordially. The girl asked him who we were, and he explained the matter of the animals we had with us. She wanted to see them. “With pleasure,” he replied. The attendants took the cage from me and placed it before the princess, and the minister removed the cover to show her the animals. When she saw them, she took fright and ran. The minister strode off in pursuit, encouraging her to come and see them, but he was unable to persuade her to return. When the minister returned, he invited us to his residence. We hadn’t taken
9.18
more than a few steps in that direction when we received a summons from His Majesty, borne by two of his personal attendants. They ordered the minister to send the cage with the animals to the king, along with their bearer. So we turned around and headed back to the king’s palace. Standing before it were forty tall, strapping men: the king’s palace guards. Eventually we arrived at the king’s bedroom. The attendants took me inside with them while the minister and my master remained outside the bedroom. I saw the king seated on a chair. Before him were two candles, and he held a book in his hand, which he was reading. On the other side of the room was a bed surrounded by embroidered silk drapes. A princess was reclining on it; beside the bed stood the young girl I’d seen earlier. The attendants ushered me forward to the princess and placed the cage on a chair for her to see. The king rose, came over to us carrying a golden candelabrum, and showed the animals to the princess. There I was, standing beside the king. Not knowing any better, I reached out to take the candelabrum from his hand. The king was magnanimous and handed it to me, knowing all too well that I’d acted out of inexperience, unaware of what I was doing. For it turned out that I had done something most extraordinary! Who would dare to reach out and take something from the king’s hand? Later on, my master would tell everyone in Paris that this young man once took a candelabrum out of the hand of the king!
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9.19
� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
بً � � م��ا �ب�� ب��ا �ع ��� ب � ة ب � ���� �ب�ب ب� ة ب ح�ة�را ب�ل���د �م�ا �ة ب�ل�ر ب� ح ة� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� �ب����ا �ود ا�ام��ل�ك ا ��� � ك� ا� � ح� �مس طو�ة� ا � �ل � س ر ة � ة � ب ب � � ا�� م��ا ب� �ب ا �� ة� ا ��ل� ب ل � ������ل�م � ا �ة��ب��� ب ��ب ا ���ة�� ب��د ا �� � .ب ب ا ط� ح��� ا �ل�ورلةر ورةر و �ة� و ةس ة� د �ل�ك ا� ك� رة حة��ً�د ��م �ر� � س ب رة �ب ة ب ا �� ا ب� � ����ل ب��ا ا �� ��م��ل ب��ا �ب ا �� ب��ا ��م ��ة��� ب ةس �مر����ل�� ةس �م بس �ب���ل �م�ا د ا �م�� د �ور�ة�ا � �و��هة� �م بس ب�� ب��ا ة� ة� و ة� رة ةر � � ب ب �ة ب� ا �� � ��� ا �� � ب � � ا �م�� � ب ا � � ب ا �� ب ل � ا ��م�ب ب ا�ام��ل�وك ��ا �مر� او ا �ل�ورلةر �ب�ا � لةر�����ل ����س ل�و � �و س �و ل�د ة� ح� ل� �� مر�ة� ل�ورةر ب� ��ة� � ة ا ا �� ة ��م �ع ب ا ��م�� �ة �م ب ا � ا� � ا ة � ة ب ������ � �ا�م�ا ا ب��ة �وا � �� ة� ا ��ة� ��� �مر��� ر ة� ب �م�و ��د��� ب ل� س �ل� م�ة ر � ح�ة� ة��ة���رب�� � �مو ة ع � � ب � ب ة ب � ��ً�ا ب��ا �����ل� ��ب ا ���ب � ��� � ��� ّ ا ���ب ��ً�ا ا ا � � ح� �م�� �و��س � او �ل�د �ة� � ل�� ��ل�م� � �ل�رب�� ����� ا �ل�و�� � ر و ة� ة �وا ����ة� ا �ل�و��و س و �ة� ة م ة �ا ب� ا ب� ب �ا ب � ا �� �ع ب ا � � ة ا ب �م ب �ه ب ا ا �� �ع ب ب ب � � � � � � � � � ا � ا � م م� � د � � � � � � �د �د � � � � � ح � � � � � � م م ة ر ة ر و�ل رل ة و ة� س ك � ة� ة ر ر و س � ك ة� ة� ب � بب � � ب ب ً � ب ب ب ب ة ب � � ك�ا � � �ب ح� �م��� ����ا �عة��� ب �ل���د ������ ا �ل��ل��� .ا � � � � ةس ب ةل م�� � ة� ة� ح�ة را �� �ود �و �ة� ا �ة� �م� ر �و�ل ا �ل�د �ة� حس ب ةة ة � � ب ة � ب �ة ا �� ب � ب ب� � � ب ����ا � ���ا ر�ة� ��ا ��س����م ب��ا �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ا ��ة� ا � ا �ب��� ا �� � ����ةس ة�� �وك ���ا � ������ل��م� ��ة� ا �����ب� ب� � �بج ة ج ب� ب ب ح بس ��ة� ا ر��د �ة�� ���س. �و ب � � ب � ب ب �� ب �� ���ا ا ����س ة � ��ا ���ا ب اةب ة ا ا ة � �� ة ا � � � � ب ح� بم ر �� � �ل ��� �ب� � �م� د ا �م�� د � بولرل��و��ة �� او ا �ل ��ة� �هة� ك��� ا�م�لك ا �ل�د ة� �مرد ل�ر ب ة ا �ب � �� ب � ة ب � ة �ب ة ة �م�بس ب �� �ب�ا ب��ا ب��سةم� �� ا �ع ب��د���ا �ب����ا �ر�� �مس �ل�هب � ����د ا � �له���س ا �ل ��ة� �� ����� �ب���ل ب��ة ��و�م �مك� د ل�ر و ��� �ة� ا ��� ة ة� ب ��ا ب ����ب ا � � � ��س�م�� ة ب� � ا �� � � ا ��ا�م�ا � � ة ا ا � حب� ر ل�و � ح�ة� ة������ �لو��� �و��هة� �م���ة��� ��ة� ��مرلةر��� �وك�� � ب ة ����م م�ة ر �ل ر �و��س ب � ة � ب ب � ب � حة � ب � ة ا ب ة �ب ا د�ة ل ا ��ه ��ا ��س�س ب ح� ا � ا ا � م� ة� �م�ا د ا �م�� ا�ام�د ل��ور� ك�� ة� ا�م��ل�ك ��ا �����ا ��ا �م ��� ا � ب ��� ر �هم ا �م� �م��� �ة� رة ر ر م � � ب � ة ب ب � � ب ب اب ا � ةا ��� ب ا �����ل ة� �م ب ����ل��ا � ا � ب ة��ة��ب� ب � ���م ���مة� ا �لةس ر � ��لة� س ب � ح� د �م ا �ة� �ع��د ا �ل�ورلةر ا�م�د ل��ور �� �مر� �ب� ��� لةر�����ل رج � �ب ة � � ا ا� ا �� �� � ب �� لب ب ب � ب ةب ة � ا ا ا � � � ح� �م��ل ا � �ل � �و��س � او �ل��مر�� � ������س ا �ل�و�� ����س �ل�م� �و����ل ��مر���� ل ا �ة� ع��د ا ل�ورةر �� �مر� �ة� ة � �ب حب ��ا ��ل ا ر����� ب��ا � �م �ب�ا ا �م�ا �م�� � او �م �ب�ا ��ا ��مب��� ��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��بل ��ور �ب��مب ا ��ل ا �ل�ا�مرا�ام�د ل�� ��ا د � . � ل ب � ر ر � ة م � ب ب ب ب �ل ا ب ة ب اة � �ة با ع � � ة ح�ا �م��ل ا � �لة ب� ح��ل�و�ة� �و� �مر ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� ��د � ح��د �ة� � او �� � ����س ا �ة� � ��ة�� ��ور� � ���� ا �ة� � �� �م� ا �� � �ة � � ة ب �� � �� � م��ا ب� �م ب��ا �مة���ا ب���ل�م�ا د ب� � ة �م � ا � � ا � ا �ل � ب ا� � � ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� �و� ك� � ح�ل� را ��ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل��مرلةر ا�م�ل�و�ة� �و�ه�و ب��ل�ل �ب� �ل�دة��ب��بج �سم��ةس � �� � � � � � � �ةل�� � ا � ا� � ا ��ل ة �ه �ب � ة �م ���ا �م ب ا ��ل � � �ود ا ب� ح��ل�� �مة���ة�� لك �ل� م�ة ر� ��� �ة� ر��د� ع � ح��� بس � او ب ��لم� �ل �و � �و�ل ا �ل��مرلةر ر س ة ة ب ا� � ��� ة ���ا �ب��� ا ��ل�ا ��ةم�ا � ��ل�ا������ ب ح�ا ��ل����� ب ةس �ب����ا ا �ل�ا�م�ا ر� ك� ح��ل�ل �م�ا �ب �لة��د ر ا �و���� � ةس � م�� ب� ��� �م بس ��� ر� و ر ة � � ب م م �ل� � � ا ا ��لس� ب � ا�ا� � � �ب ا ب�ل �وا ��ر � او ب�� ر � ةم��� �مر���� ��� . �� �ة� م بً � ب �� ب � ب �ل ا ة � � ة ا ا ة � � �� ة� ا � �لة ب� ا� ح��ل ا �ل��مرلر�� �م� ا �م���ل� ا �م� �م��� لرك ح�ة�را ة��د �م�و��ة� ا �م�ا � ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� ا�امة���ة�� د ا � ����س م ة ب ب � � ب ح��� ة� ا �� ا �ل�ا ب�� � �ع�م��ل ة� �����ا ��مب�� �م���� �م�ا ���ل�مب�� ������ل�م � �ا�م�ا ا � ب ة ة ا ب ب ة� �ة� و �مس �ة��د �ة� � او � ة ة� ر س و � ة� ل ح�ة��� ��ب��ةلس
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Chapter Nine
Once the princess had finished observing the animals and the king returned
9.20
to his seat, they gave me the cage and I took my leave. I found the minister and my master waiting for me. We went back to our residence with the minister and found two attendants waiting there. They had been sent by Madame d’Orléans, a princess. The attendants asked the minister to send the cage with the animals to her, along with their keeper. The minister told me to go with them. Once I arrived at the palace, I saw that there was a gathering of princesses. They’d all come to see the animals and their keeper! When they were done scrutinizing the animals—and me as well—they sent me off to see another princess, and from her to yet another one. I kept being taken from place to place until two o’clock in the morning! Finally, they took me back to our residence, where I found my master waiting, and we passed a most comfortable night. It so happened that Madame de Bourgogne, the daughter-in-law of the
9.21
king, had woken up that morning feeling unwell, following the strenuous efforts of the previous day’s hunt. So the wives of the princes all gathered at her residence to keep her company while she lay in bed. Among them was a princess who’d heard about the animals and wanted to see them. She begged Madame de Bourgogne to have the animals brought in. So they sent off a servant right away to find the minister, asking him to send the cage with the animals, along with the Oriental porter. The minister accordingly sent for us. When we appeared, he ordered us to go with the servant. When we arrived at the princess’s palace, they brought me alone with the
9.22
cage to her private residence and bedroom. I went in and saw the royal bed draped with fine brocade curtains. Reclining on it was the princess, whose beauty was without peer among all the women of her epoch. Seated around her were the wives of the princes, as radiant as moons, wearing dresses that glittered luminously from all the jewels set in them. The sight was simply indescribable. They ushered me forward toward the princess reclining on the bed. I presented myself, put the cage down, and bowed deeply, greeting the princess with the deference my master had taught me. As I was leaning forward, one of the princesses noticed the point of the silver-plated dagger I’d slipped into my belt. She reached out and grasped it.
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15
9.23
� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ا �� ا � � ب ا � ا� � ا ة ��� �ب ا ��ل �� ب � ب ����ل��ا �ب�م�د ة� ���د���ا �� ب� � ة ��ب ة � ا ة� �و � ح�د� مس �ل� م�ة ر � �ر� ��س��� ةس ا�ام�� ب� ���� ا �ل ��ة� ك��� ���� ك� � ة � � � � �� ب � �ة ا �� ة �ل���ل ا ب ب ة ا � ة ب � ا �� ��س��ب� ا�م���ل��� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �مب���ا �و� ك م��س�� ة� ا �ل��س���ةس و � ل� � � � �مرةلس �ل��� �ل� او � �ل�رب��و �ة� ة م ب �ب ��ل�� � �ب�مب ا ��ل ا � �� � ب ة ة ا � ب� ة � ة � ا � ا ا ��ل � �س��� ا �ل��د �ة� �س��د �ة� �م� �ه�و � ة �� �ل ك������� دة�ل��ل ا ب��و ح�� �و��ل� ����� �ل� �ة� � ة ����ل ك� م �ة� � ب ة �ب �م�ا ��ب��� �ب��مب ا ��ل ��ا ��ل ا ب�ل���د ة� �عب��� �و�ةلب���ة�ر�ة ا �ل� او �ب����ا �� ل� �ة�ب��� �ب��ل�م�ا ���سم�� ة� �ب�ا ��س� � ك� �س�� �ب��ر�ة�� ���د � � ك ��س �س�ة ة� ة م �ع ��� ة ا ��ل ���� � ا ��ل ���� � ا � ة �ة ا � ا ا � ا� � ا ة ��ة��ب � ا ا �� � � � �و��س �و������م��لب�������. � � � � م � ل � � � � � �� �ة� ب� �ة� و �س��� م�و �ل ة ر ة رب و �ة� و ة ة ب � ب ةب ���ل ة ا �� �ة ب ب �ا ب ب ة ب ح��ًرا ا ���ط��ل�ة�� ��ب �� � ���� �و ب�ر ب� ح ة� �م بس د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� � ل م � وة� ا �ة م�� � � ار��ة� �����ل��مة� � او � ��� �مس س ��ل ا � ب � ا ة ة ة � ب ب ب � ّ ب � �ب �مر ا �ة� ب�ل���� �� ب� �و�م�ا را د ب�ل���د �و�����ا ���د ا �� �ة��� ��ل�م� � �ل��د �م� ا �ة� �ع��د� ��� ةس ا �ل برب�ر � او �ل�� ب� ب � ة ب � ب � � � ب � ب �ة ك� ��س�� �ة�ب��� ��ب��� �و�ام�ا �و����ل ب��ا ا �ة� �م�� بر �و� ب��ا �م�د �ة��د� ا �ة� ر�ب�ا ر�ة� � او � ح��د ا �ل ك ���ل�م��ة� �م بس �����د� �ع ب� ب � ب � � �و� ط��ا ��ة� ا �ل�ار ب��س �ورا د �ة ك ����مر���ا. حب� �� � ة ب � ا ��ة�ب� ة ا �� ّ � حب� ��� �ب����� �وة���ل ة� �ع�ة��� �ب �لة �� ��ل�� ���� ��ا ب� ا �و��ل �م � �ة�ل ا � � � �و���ا ر �ة �ل ب ح ة� ر و و ة� و ة ب � و � � �ة � � �ة ة بة � � ب � � ب �ب ح��د ة� ا �ل ����سم���د ا � �م بس �ة��د ا�ام��ل�ك �و���د � ب� ح��د ب��ة�رك � ل� ح����ا ر� �ع �ة��سم�� �م�ا � ب � �س�ة� ة� �ل� او � � او ب� ��س � � � ب ب � ح��ل�م�� ةلرك ا �ل ����سم���د ا ب� � � ح�� ح��لة�� �و�ل ب �ر�ا د� � حب�م �ة �م�� � ب� ح�ة� �ة�ا ب� ح��د� �م بس �ة��د� � او �ل�ا� ���ا ��ة� �وة��ا � ل��ا � ة � �ر � م ة ب �� ة ��ا �� ��ب��� ا �م�ا ��ة��� �ب� ��ا ب ا ��ل ���د ر ة� �م ب���ك �ب �لة��و��ل��ك ��ل�ل�� �م�ة�ر� �ب�ا ب� �م�ا �ه�و� ة � �س�ب� ���د � � ك ا �ل ��ة� � �س��ة ب ر ب� م ة � ةة � �� � � ب ح�ة ا�ام��ل�ك �ب �بل������ ��ا ب� ك�� �س�� �ة�ب��� ل ا ���ل �م بس ا �ب�لو ب� ح��د ������ � ك بر ��س ا �و ب �م�ب��� �و����ر ��ط � �ل� �رة� ��ط ك���ة� � ة� ب � �� ا �ل � ����ل�� � �� ة �ة ا �ة ة � � ����� بة��س �� �را �عب��� ا �� ك� �� ب����ة��ا ر ةلر�����ل�و� ا ��ة� �مرك� ب� �س��ة�� �م�ا �ب��د � بو�ل�� ب� ر ح�م� او ��لة� ب ة ة ���م �ب� � �له���ل ة م � بم ب بم � ب � ب � � ب ���ا �بل� ا �م ���س�� ���� ب � �م � ��ب��� � ا ���ب����ا ب � � ا � ل � ا د ا ك� �� � � � � ةس �ب �لة��و����� �ب�ا � ا �ل ك � � ��د � ح � ��� � ه � � ل � ور ��س��ة و ب ة ر و ة� ة و و ب � م ا � ��ب � ة �ة � ا ب ا ب � ب ا � � � � ب ��ج �ة�ة �� ��ب��� ا � ا ���ب����ا بةل س � � � � ب � � � ا � �م� ل � ا � م ل ا � �� ��س� ك ل � � � د � � � ل ح ل � � � � ك ح�� ة� ة و بةر رب ة� ب��ة�� ��و�ة� ا �ل������ � مس ��� ب و س ة � � ا ةب � حب� ب � �م ��� �لب����ر ا �ب�� �ل�� �ب� �و�م�ا �ه� �م�����س ح�� ���� ������ ا �م � او ا �ل � ح ك� ��ا � ���د �وك � �و�� بر ب ة و �مر�م��ك �و�ل� ب� ل ل ب ب ر ةر م ب � �ة � ب �ب ح��د ة ��م��ل ������ ��س�� �ة�ب��ة��� ا �و ب��ب��ة��ا ر ب� �ب�� . حة�ب�ً�د �ة��� ا ب� ك� �ب�ا � �ل�ا ا � ��ا � ����ل �ة���ب�ة��� � او �ة��� �ر� ��ط ر ة� ة ة ب ����الةر ��ب� �م�دة�� ب���ة ���ه ��� �� �م ا ���ة �����ل���ط�ا ب� �ب �ب����ا ��ا ب� �و � �� ��ا ��ل � �م����ل�ك �ة��د ب� �ر�ة� ��ة� � ح��ل ب ب ر ر ة ة ب رة س م ب ��ب ّٰ ب� ا ج ب� ا � ب � ب � � ب ا ا � ة ب ب م � � � � � ا ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� �م�� �م��� �و�ه�و � ح� �م��ل ��س���ةس �ر�� م���ل ���د � ل ��س ا لل� ب�� ك �و ب�� �ة� �مس ����ل ة ب ة � � � �ب ا � ا � �ة ا � ا ��� � ا ب� ً ة �م���� � � �� �ل �كة ة ا ب� � � � ب � ��� و بل�� �� �� . ة ب�� ول� �و � ح�ة�را ا ��سس���د ر� �م��� �ب �ل ��و��ة� ح�د ا �ل��س����ةس �وك���مر ر � ب ٰ � �ب � � ب ب ّ ب ب ب ا �ع ب �ع � ا � � ا � ب ة �ل�� �م�ا ك��� ة� ب�ل��ر�� ���ة���� �ل�ا ب� س لل ب�� ك �وح� �مر� ا�ام��ل�ك ح��ل ا �ب��ك ������ل ة� ���د س �� � ة� م �م�ا � او ب� ح��د ك.
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Chapter Nine
“Come and see the Muslim’s sword!” she cried to everyone in attendance.10 Hearing these words, I drew back the tail of my coat and said, “No, my lady. What you see here isn’t a sword but a dagger.” Upon hearing me utter the word “dagger,” she drew back from me and the color of her face changed. But she paid the dagger no more regard, and the other princesses gazed upon the animals and at my clothes. Eventually, they let me go and I picked up the cage and left. My master,
9.24
who arrived after I did and had seen what happened, was waiting for me. As I approached, he glared at me furiously and was so angry that he refused to say a word to me. Once we’d arrived at our residence, he reached out to my belt, seized the dagger, and threw it to the ground, attempting to break it! Then he turned to me and began scolding me for my actions and my heedlessness. “First, you have the audacity to swipe a candelabrum right out of the king’s hand!” he said. “I’ve never heard of anyone behaving so outrageously! Thank goodness our king is so magnanimous, and deigned to permit you to take the candelabrum from his hand. But now you’ve gone and done it again! You told the princess that this isn’t a sword but a dagger! Don’t you know that there’s an absolute prohibition—which applies even to the king himself— which states that anyone found carrying a dagger or a poniard will be sent to the galleys, where he’ll spend the rest of his life? Some have even been sentenced to death if they were merely suspected of being criminals.” My master explained, “It’s often said that daggers and poniards are a hidden enemy, unlike a foil, which is there in plain sight, after all. You can always be on your guard when someone is carrying a foil, but a dagger or poniard? They give you the element of surprise against your enemy. That’s why the authorities have forbidden anyone from carrying them! “With this prohibition in effect across all of Paris, who would have the nerve to march right into the palace, into the king’s bedroom no less, brandishing a pointed blade?” he demanded. “Somehow God saved you—and saved me as well—from a real predicament!” He broke off the blade of the dagger and took it away. “But I didn’t know!” I offered by way of apology. “It’s only because you didn’t know any better that God saved you, and that His Majesty didn’t hold you to account!”
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� ��ب ا �� ة ب � ب ا ا � ب �ة � � � ا � ا �� ة ة ا ب � � حة�ب�ً�د ��مر ة� ا ����ا �ل�� �ع بس �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�م�ا ل�س ل ��� د � ��� ��ة� ح�ل�� ��� �وعس ل�لك ا �ل��م�ة ر� ل ��ة� راة�� � ة � � � � � ب � ب ة ة � ب ة ة ��ا ب ة ة ب اب �� ة ا � � �� ة� � ب��ا ��ة� ا �ل��د ر ب� �ل����ل���ا ب���� ة� ���ا ا �ل ��ة� �ل���ا ر ب� �ر� ا�م�لك � او �ب���� ا �ل ��ة� ك�� ��� � او ������ ب ب�� ��ب � ب ة � ب ة � � ب � � ب ب ة ا � ة ب ة � ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��ا بر��د ا �ع ���ك ����ا � ���ب ���د � ������ ��ط� �ل�� � ح�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� راة��ة��� � ل � ح�� �ل��ر�� �و� �� � � ل � � ل � ل ل و ة� و ة ة ر س ة ة �ب ا ب ا � ة � ب � ا � ا �� ة �ب � ة ا�ا� �� � � ة � ب ا � ة � ب �ة��س ا � ا ب ا � � �م ة ب ب � � ل � � � ���� �ل� عس ا �ل� م�ة ر� ��ة� �ة� ب ر� ملك � بو�ة��� م�� م�� ���د � �م� م� � ��� م� د ة��� ��و� ب ة ا ا� � ة ا� ب�� ح��ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك � ا ��� ب�� ة� ا ��ل ��ة ا ��ة ا ح�ا ���لة ا ب ة ���ا �ب�ا ��ل��ةر��ة��� �و��هة� ر�و ب� ��� ب���� � ��� ��هة� ل �بر� �ة�� ا�م��ل����� ا�م�د ل��ور� ب� � ة� رة � وب ب ب � ب ة ا ا� � � � ب ا � ب � ب�� ح��� ب � ������ � �م�ا ���ل���ا �ك����ا �ل ة� ������ل��م� ����ل ���د � �هة� ر�و ب� ح�� �م�لك �و �هة� � ح� �ة��� �مس ك���ل � س و ة ب و ة� ة ة � �م بس ا �����ا ر� �م��ل�����. ة � � با ا ب ا ب ب � ب ���د � �ة�� ة ل��ا ا � بل�ه ������ا ���ط� �ل��ل�� ب�ع ح�� ��ل � � � حة�ب��� � او�ام��ل�ك ا ب� ح��د���ا �ل�� ر�و ب� �� ب� حة� ب� ح� بل ��ة� �ب� � ح��� بس �ع���� � ةو � � ة ب � ب � �ة ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �م�ا �ل�� �م��ة��� ��� ك�� ���ل �م�م��ل�� ���ا ب� ا �ل���ب�� ب� ا �ب����ا ك� ���ا ا�ام��ل�ك �وك� ���� �و�ل�ا ب� ���ا ب�� ة� ح��ل ���د ا �ع���� � ل ة ب � ا ا� � � �ة ��� � ب ب ب ا � � � ب � ا ا ا ا ا ��م �ر�� �م بس ��م �ر�ا ة� �م� � ح��� ا�م�لك �مو�ة� ���ة�ر ��� �م�� د ر�ة� � �و���د � ا �ل��م�ة�ر� ا�م�د ل��ور� ك�� � ة� ب � �ة ة ب ة ا� ب ��ا ب �ة ��ا ب ���� �م ب ا � ا� ة ة ا ا ب �� � �ع ب��د���ا � �� ب�����م ���ط �م ب � � � � � ل ا � ل ا � ه � � ء � � � � �� �د� م�د دد � � � � � � � � � � ك ل ة ر س �ل و � و � ةر �ل ب � �ور �وك�� � ة ر ةو ب س �ب ا �� �ب ا ب �� ا ا ��� � � ا � ة � ا � ا � ب ا ب �� �ة ط�� ل��د ب� �و ح������ م��� �وح���س � ���ا �و�ع�ة���ل���ا ا �لر�ة�� . ح�ل � ل�� � � ب � اع ة � � ب �ة��و ب� ا ��� ���د � ا �ل��م�ة�ر� �ود ��� ���ا ��ا �ب�� � �ب�د ا ة� �ة �لو� �م بس ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � ا ر�����ل �م�� �مر �ل�ه ب��د� حب� ب ة م م ب ��ل ب ة � � ب �ب � ة ا ا� � �ب � ا �وا ب� � م��م �ب�� �م ب �ة��د ا�ام��ل�ك � ح� �مر� ا�ام��ل�ك ��ا ر ة� ��ة� ا �مر���ا ��ة��� ةلرد ب�� �ل�م� �و���ل���� ا� ر س �� ��سس� �م ب � � ا�ب ا ا �ب � � ة �ب ب � � ا �� �كة ة با � ا �م�ب ب ة ة ة � � ب���ا ا ح�� �سر�� ��مو�ة� ���ة�ر �و�م� ا �م�� � �و� ��د ر �� �ل����� �لو بح�د � �ة� د �ل�ك ل�و � �مر ب � ب ة � ب ب � ب� �ب �م �ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك � .ب ة ��ل ���ا �م�ا د ا �م�� �مة���ة�ب ��و� ا�ام�د ل���ور� �ب�ا � ةلرد �ب�ا �ب�� ةلرد ب�� حة��ً�د ا �مر� ا ��ة� ��م ةر�� � �وا ب� ح� ر ب ب � �ب ة ا ب � ب ا � ب بة ب ا � ة ة � � حب �ة ا�ا�م�� � � �ة ة � ا � ��ل ��ل ��سس���د ر �م�� �ة� �� � �� ح�ة ر �م� �مر لك و ��ة���� �ل�ه��د �ع �ر�� �ب�� ��مر� �ل��لك ا �ل��م �رة�� ��ة� ا ب��و ب ب ب ة ا ة ب� ب ة حب �ة ا�ا�م�� � � ا � ة ح�� ��ل �ة��و ب� � �و�� �س��د ����� �و� ���ب�� ة� �م�� �سس���د ا ر � �ك ���ل ا �مر� طس�م ة� �ة��� دة��ب��ا ب� ع ���ة�� �� � �م �مر لك و ة ب� م � � � � � ب ة � � ا � ب ة �ة � ا ب � ب ا ��� ا�ا� � � � ة � ة طو� �م بس ا � �لب��ا ب ��ط ���د �ب� د ا � ��� �ة� ر�ة��� �ة� � ح�د � �مب ب� �� ح� �ر م�لك � ح�ة� �ام�ا �ر�ة� ا�ام��ل�ك د �ل��ك م ا��ة ا ب � ب ب � � �ب �ة � � � ب ة � � � � ب ب � � ب � ب �� ب ا ب �� � ا � � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا �� � ل م ل ا � �د� � � �� � � � د ح د ل � � ح� � � � م ��م � � � � ل ل � � ط ��� � ك � � ��� و ة ر ب ة� ب ا�م�� ��و ب ة� ر ةر س س س ا� ب ا ب� ا ب ا ب ���� ة� ب � � ة ا� � � � ���د ���������ا ��ر���ا �ورا د ة ب� د ل� حة�ب���� �ل�ه ب��د� �و�ةل������ �م ب�� ر����� ��م� ر� ة رو ب ح��� ا�م��ل����� �ة��ل� �ة�� ر ب ب ب � ة ��ا ب�� ة ا � ا � ب� ا ب ة ّٰ ة � � �� ب � ا ب ا �د������. ح� �ة�ل��� ا لل� � ة ����ك �ل�ل���ة�ر �ل������ ك�� � مر ٰ � ا � ا � ب ا ب ��م ة�ب ب � ���ا � � ب �س��� �ة�لو�بك ة� ا�ام��ل�� ب�ب����د ك� ���� � 1او ب��ة��ة���ل ة� ا ��� ر��م��ة ا ّلل� �و��� ر ����� بح�� ر ح����ل � ع ���ة�� ة م م �ة ة ب ا ة ب � ة ب ة ���� ا ��ل�� بد �� ب��ة� ب�����سم� ب��ة��� �م ب � �ود �ك ة� ب��مة�� � �ل او �ة����س �ب��هرة��� �سس� ����ا ��� ة� ر ح�ة� د ��م او �� ��مور ا ����ب ة ر ب ة س س ع ع أ ع 1ال��ص�ل :ا لم�ل�ك.
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Chapter Nine
I asked him about the various places we’d visited and about the princess I’d
9.26
seen in the king’s chamber, as well as the young girl standing beside her whom we’d met on our walk with the minister. Was she perhaps the king’s daughter? “No,” he replied. “It’s a long story, but let me tell it to you so you know what you’re talking about when you tell the story yourself. The princess in the king’s bedroom is called Madame de Maintenon, and is the wife of the king. The young girl you saw is the ward of the queen, who raised her as her own daughter and educated her.” “That was the king’s wife?” I asked my master. “But she wasn’t beautiful or majestic at all, and she wasn’t wearing any royal tokens.” “Hers is a long and peculiar story,” he replied. “The king took her as his
9.27
wife because of her remarkable intelligence, which has no equal in the whole kingdom. That’s why, in fact, he fell in love with her. She’d been an attendant of Madame d’Orléans, the princess with whom the king was in love.11 He would visit the princess often, and would find this young woman with her. Her conversation skills, fine manners, and keen wit delighted the king.” One day, the king sent a letter to the princess, summoning her to visit
9.28
him.12 The princess, who was feeling quite unwell at the time, could not accept the invitation, but had no idea how to decline it politely. So she ordered her attendant Madame de Maintenon to reply to His Majesty the king, begging his forgiveness for delaying her visit. The young woman set about fulfilling her mistress’s request. She wrote a letter conveying her regrets, which began with an overture to the king, followed by a grand, versified apology composed in beautiful language and using refined expressions. The king was dazzled by the letter, and his love for the princess’s attendant grew. He wished to bring her to his court and elevate her station. But his wife, the queen, wouldn’t consent. She was a saintly woman who feared God, and didn’t want any suspicions to arise from the matter. After a few years, the queen passed away. A great funeral was held for her, and all the church bells of Paris tolled, including the great bell, whose sound can be heard in places as far as seven hours away from the city. The queen’s body was transferred to the Church of Saint-Denis, which houses the
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ً ��ب ة � ة ب �م����ا ب��� .ا ب� ب ة � � ا � � ��س�و��س � حة� �� ���ة�ب��ر� �م��ل�وك �د���س د �ة �ل �و�ة�� ة � ح�ة�را � �ل��ل� او بح����د��� ا �ة� �ة������� ا � �ل� ة � ب ة � ب ة �ة � ا ة � � �ب ب بب � ب �ر�����ا ب��مة������ � او � �ل����ة ر رر� ب� ر��� �و�ب ��ور ك� ���ل ا�ام��ل�وك ا � �ل� �ر����ا � �وة�� ا�ام�د ��م �وب�ة� بس �ه ب��ا ك. م ب ً ب ح�ب��د �ة �����ا � � ا �م�د ل ل ب ا�ا�م��ل� � ة ب ��م بس ب�ل���د �م�ا �مب���� �م بس �و�ب�ا �ة����ا ا بر�ل���� �وا ةس �ة �لو�م�ا �ة ً ورو برة س ك ح�ة� لةر�و ب�� ة ا�ا�م��ل� � ��م�ا ا ب �م��ل� ا��م�����س ب � ح�� ب � �م�ا ��� ب � ب� ����� ��ا �ب��� ���ة ب � �� ة ب ب ا ح���ةس �مم����و�ةس و ب ةروج � م ب � م ة رو ب �وا �م �ر��ةس �� ر�����ل� او ك بو � وك ة ة � � � ب ب ب ب �� ا ��� ا ��ل � �م�ا � �ب ب � ة � ح�� ا �ل ب������� ب�����د �م�ا � ا ب� � ��� �م��ل������ ا ��ب� ل ب و ح�د � او ا د � �مس ا لب ر رو ة� �ة� ةر ب �مر�ور�ة�� �ل� ب� ل م � � ب ا ب �ة ب � ��ا ب ب ة� �ب ب � ب � ة ا ة ة ب ا �و����ل��� ا �ل�د � � �ل��د �م� او ا �� � �مر� ا�م��ل�ك �و ��ط��لب �� او �م��� �ب� ��� �ة� ر �و ب �وك�� � �ل او ا �� ل ح� ��ر� او �ة� ة ج م � � بة � ة ��ل ب �� ب � � ب ب ا ب ا ب � � ل � � � � ا �م�ة�ر� �ب��دة�ل���� ا � �� �ل�م� ا � حب� ر�و� ح���س � او ب �م� �ل �و �هة� �مس ������ل �م�ل�وك ��م �رة�ل��� ا �ل�����ل � او �ل���� ب � � � بب ب �عب ���ا ب��ا ��ا ء �و�م�ا �ةب��� ��ب� ا ��ل بر ب� ��� ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� �وة��ا �ل ����� ا �ب�ا �ب�ا ب� ح��د �م�ا ب� ���ا �م�� �مة���ة� ��و� م � ب� ب ب ة � ل ة ة ع ا�ام�د �ل� ��ور� ر�و ب� ح�� �ة�. ة ة ا � � �� ب � ل��ا ة� �ب��ل�م�ا ��س�م��� او �م ب��� ����ل ك�� �س��د �ب�ا �و�م�� � ب�� ��ل�� �م �ب�� ة� �� او � او ر�م� او ���ة� ا ��د ا �م�� �و�� �ل� او �ل�� �ة��� � ة ة ة ح��دا �م�� � ��ه ب�ع ���� ة� ا ����ل�� د � �م�ا �مب��� �ب� ا ���� ا � ا ب ا ب ح��د� ب� �ب��ر ب���� �ب�ا �ب��ك �ة�� بر�و ب� ب�ل� او � ب و � ل�� �ل������ �مس ر و ة� ةر ب ة ج � � � ة ��ل�� د ��� ا ��ا � �ةل��ل�ك ا ����ل�� د �� ب � ا ا ل � ��د ��س��ا د �ة��ك � او ة� ���س ب��ة�����ل� او �ع ب���ك ا�ام��ل�وك �ام�ا �ب�ة����س�م��� او �ب�ا �ب��ك وة و ب ب ة س � ب � ة ب ب ة � ب ب ة � ب ة ا ا ا ا � � ب ب ح�� ب� �ل او � ح� �ب���� ا�م��ل�ك ب� �لو ب� لر�و ب� ح�د� �م���ل ���د � �����د �و��� �� ب� �� ب� �و�� �ل ك���ل �مس �ع��د� 1 ح�� ����� م ب ب � ة �ب � ا � ة ك�� �س��ة��ا � ��ل�� � �ةل��ل�م�� �ب�ا ر��م� او ��� ا �ة�د ا �م�� ���ا �ة� �مر� � او �ة�لو�����ل� او ا �ة��� �ب�ا �ب�� ة�لب���ة�ر �ب�ة��ة��� ��م�ا ا � ل م��س و ة� م م ب � � � �ة � � �ب �ل ا � ة �ة ا�ا� � � ��ا ب� � ل��ا �و�و ���� �ل�ع�مة�ب��ا ا ب� ك� � ب� ة ا � � � ا �م�� ب� حب� �م �ةر��ك ���ة� �مو�ل� � �م� را � او ء م��س��ة��م م�لك ���ة� را �ة� ���� ل� او �ل� �ة� �� ة ب ة ا ب ة� ب ب ب ة � ب� ب ا ب ب ا ب ة� ب � ب ا � ب ا ة � ح��ك ح �م� �م��ر���� �ب� � ���ل�و� ��لة��� �م��ل����� �� � ��ة��� �ب� � ���ل�و� ���د � ر�و ب� ر� ح��د ا�ام��ل�ك س ة ب ب � � ب ب � ��ا ب �م�ا ��� ب ��ا ��لب�� ب �� ا ���د ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا�م ا ��ل�� بد �� �ب �لب��د �م ب ��م�� ��ب �� ب �� ب� �و�ة����دد �ه� �ب�ا � ب���ب ا ب� ك� � � � � ر و ة ب ب ب �وا �مس س ر ر ة م ة� ب � �ل� ة ة ا �م�ا �م�� � �وا ب�. ح�ة� �ة��� �����ا �ور � او �ولةرد � او �ل�� ا ب�� ا� ة �ا ب �ا � بب �ب ا ح�ة �� ب ب م�� � � ���م لةر��م� او ���ة� ابل بس ا�م��ل�ك ا �ل��د �و���ةس � ة� ة �م� را � او ء ا �ل� � � ع � او �ل�د� �عس ����ل ا �ل��مر � ة � ب ������ �س��� ا ��ل��د � ب��� ب ح�� �م� ب� � ب ح�ا � �ب�ا �ب�� ة�لب���ة�ر �ب�ة��ة��� ةس ���� � او �ل��د� �و���ا ر �ة��ر ب� ح�� ��� ا�ام��ل�ك ��د ب� و ر �وة �ل � ة و ل ة� م ع �ع ب ��� ا �م ا �� ب�ل ب � ������ ب��ا ح�ا �ب�� � او ��ل��د� ���� ا �� ب�ل ��ور ر�و� ا ��ل بر� ة���ل�هة���ك ا �عب�� ا �ّم ���لة��� ��ا ��ل � �� � �� � ب ة ب ب � ر س ة� ة ج م س ل ةر ع ة ��ة ا � ب�� ا �� ��ل��ل�م�� � ا �ب � ا �� �ة � ا ا ب � � � بو�ل���د� ا ب �سم�� ة� ا ك���ا لبر �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س �وك�ب� ��و عر س � ح� ل لك �ب� ����م م� ب ة�هب��ل�و �ب� � ة ا� � �� � ب ب � ة ة ة� ب ب � ب ة ��� لا ا ا ا � � � � � ا � ���م �م��ل����� �ل�م� را ء �م�لك �ب� � � �م� ا ����ل ا �ب��ل�د � او � �ل �� او د � او ك� بر ���ل�و� ���د � ا �ل�� ةر��ب��� ��لة� أ 1ال��ص�ل� :ع ف����.
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Chapter Nine
mausoleum of the kings of France—I myself visited her tomb, as well as the tombs of all the French kings there. Forty days after her death, the king’s ministers held a council to discuss
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the matter of the king’s marriage. Because Christian kings are anointed by God, they’re not permitted to remarry. The ministers had to seek the permission of the pope to sanction the marriage, an action necessary to preserve the royal lineage. Once they received the pope’s permission, the ministers went before His Majesty and asked him to consider remarrying. They had in mind a splendidly beautiful princess whose lineage included kings of great nobility. But when they suggested her to the king, he refused. “I will take Madame de Maintenon as my wife.” Baffled, the ministers threw themselves at the king’s feet in protest.
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“Sire, how could you consent to marry a serving girl, and a foreigner to boot?” they asked. “We don’t know anything about her except that she comes from Savoy, a country hostile to your realm. And what will all the other kings say when they learn you’ve married a servant?” The king glowered, and told them to keep their advice to themselves. The ministers threw themselves down at his feet once again, begging him to reconsider. But the king refused. When the ministers saw that he wouldn’t change his mind, they addressed him once again. “Your Majesty, you are our king and benefactor,” they began. “Yet, even if Your Majesty should consent to let this woman be your wife, we will not accept her as our queen!” Furious, the king threatened to send them into exile if they did not accept his decree. They then left to consult with one another about how to respond. The ministers felt they had no choice but to turn to the king’s son, the dauphin, hoping he could dissuade his father and reconcile the ministers with their king. So Monseigneur the Dauphin went to see the king and begged him to change his mind about this scandalous matter. “Go back to your palace and stay there!” the king retorted, putting him under house arrest. After that, the dignitaries of the city of Paris gathered to draft a statement declaring that they would never accept the stranger as their queen. Seeing that the townspeople, the military officers, and the nobles of the realm were all of
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ا ب ا ا� � � �ة ب � ب ا ��د � ا ��� ب�� ة� ا ��لب�� ����� � ب ب � ب ب �و�م� را د � او �ب� � �م�لك �ة� ر�وبج �ب�� ب ةرب حة��ً�د ا ������ة� �عس � � � � حة ���د ��ل �ع بس بر ب� ���ا �و�ع�م�د ة� ا �ل�ا�م�ور � �و� ���ط��ل ا � �لة��ا �ل � او � �لةهة���ل �ور ب� �� � ب ة ع
� � ب ا �ل��د �و�ل�� ����� �رد را �ة� ة � را �ة�� � او �ب�ا ب� ����� �ب�ا �ب�� م ك�� � � ا ���ل ����ة� �ل�����ل��. � ���ا �م�� � ��ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا��ا � ��ا ���م ��ب �ع�م�ا �ة � ����ا ����ا � �� ب��ا �س�ة��ا � ا�ام��ل�ك ب�لب���ة�ر بر ب� � او � ة � ة م ب ر ة� ر ور ة بو ��� ��� �م ك� ل و ة� ة م ب� �ا �م ا ��ا �م�ا �� �ا �م���� �ب �� �ا ل ا ��ا ة�ا ��ل � ���س��د� �ا ���� �ا �ة�� ب � � ب ا ة ة ب ب ا ة � ة �� � رة ��� ة �ل �ة� � ةر �ل � ة�� و ة � ب ب ��� ةس ورو� ة� ��� � �و�م���ر��� � ��س��ة� م �� �ا � � � اب ة ب ب ب ب ����� ���� �� �� ا �ل� ���� � � ا � ب ا ا ام���� ح��� � او �ل��مرا �ل��ر��ة ب� �ه�و � و حب��ر��� �م����ه�ور �ع��د ���� لةر ا�م��ل�وك ة�سة ة� ب ة و و � � � �� ب ب � ب ب �ب�ه ا ��ل����� ب��ا � �ه� ��ه ����� �م���� ��ه ا � �ل� ا � ��ا �� ة� �م ب � �� � ����ا ���ا � �م�ا ����ب ��� ب� حب���ل �� �ة� � � ر � ة و و � ر ب ة ر ل � ر ر ة سب ور ة ور� ة و ب ة م ب ب ب ب ح� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ب�ه ا ��� � ����ا ����ا ب ����� ب��م�� ا�ام����ل�م�� ب ا ةس � او �مر�ه� �ب� � �ة��د � � ار د ا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا � �ة��د ب� � ور � � ة ح��ل� او ر ة ل ة م ع ع ب �ة � � � ا ة ب � ب �م ا ���ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��ب � ����ا ����ا ��� ���ا بد ��ل��ك ا ��ب ل ح��ل ل�لك ا �لب������ ��� ا �هر � ةو ب�ر�و� د ا � د ةس ا �ل��د �ة� �ب� � � � ةر � ة� ور ة و ب ر ة � ا بب � ا ب ة � ا� � ب �ب ا بة � ا ط��� ا ا ب��ل � حب���ل �ةو ب�ر�و���ا. ������� �ور � او ا�م���ل�م��ةس �م� را � او ����� �م����د ا �ل� ا � �ة�ل� ��ل و � � ب ب ب ���ا ب� ا ��ب�ه � ا �� او بد ��ل��ك ��� � ح�ا �ب���� �م�ا ا � �لب��ا �ة��د� ا د ا ك� �مر�ة ا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا ب� حب� ���ل�م�ا ا �عر ب� � ح� ر�ة� ��ة� �ر ب � م �ب � ا ب ا ل ا ب ا� ا ة � � ب � � � � ة � �� ا �� ا �ة � ب ا � ا ا ب � �و ��ط� � ا �� � ��ا ر�وا برة��د �ب� � ا�م� ء ة ب�ر ة� مس ��ل�و ح ��ط�� ة��� � � �� � � �� � � � ل ل � � � �� � ط � ل � � �ة� ب ةس و ر ة� ة ٰ � � � ب � ا� � �ل ب ب � ا ّ ب � ا�م�� �م�� �وا ب� �ل��ل�م��ل�ك �ب�ا � ���د ا ����ة� �م�ا بةلس ل ةس ��ة� ا �مر�ه� �ورد � او ب�� �م��بس � او �ل��مر لل� �� ا �ة���ك م م ب � � � ب �ب�� ب ا ��ا د �ة�� �ب�ا � � او ب ��� � ا �ل�ه �ب � . �مرا�ام��ل�ك �م بس ���ة ��و������ �ب�ا �ب�� �م�ا بةلس ل� حة�ب�ً�د �ة�لة��د � ر ب� ح� ح��ل طهر� او ب ر ةس ة �م�س م م ح ا� ا ����ل��� � ��ا �� د �ل� ا�ا�م��ل�ك � �ة�ا �� ��ل�� ��ا � � ب ا � ب �م ��ل��ك ا�ا�م�ا ء �م ب �ب�م �ة� ا ��� ا ب��ل � ب���ل �ل� س و ول ة ة م وب س ة �ل �س��د ة� ا �� بح� ر ة� � � � � �ة �� � ب ب � ب��ة��ة� ك� ���ل�ب� ���لة���ك ����� � ����ة�ر �م بس ا �ل��د را �ه� ���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ا�ام��ل�ك �م ب��� ����ل ب� ح ��ط�ا ب� ب��ا �مر �ب�ا � �ة ك �� ب� �� او �ل� ة م ع ب �ب � � ة ب �م ب��� � ا �م ب���ا � ب ب �ك���ل ة� ا ��ل�� بد �� ة���لة��� ا ��ل��ك �م�ا ح ��ط �ة��د� �و���ل�� ا � �م ا �مر� �مو��س ��ة� ب��مة�� ا �ل��د �ة� ب��ة�� ر و � ة � ع ةلسة�م ب ا � ّ ة � � �و� ��ط��ل ب� �م�ا ةل �رة��د�. �� �� ب ة ا � ب ب � � ب �ل�� ب ا �ً � � ا ا ب ب ���ةه��� ا �ل�ر�� ا �م�ا � ا�ام��ل�ك �و� ب� � او ب��ة��د ا ة���� ��م ��� د �ل��ك ا ������ة�� ا ه � بل ع بحة� ب� �� �و �ل� ا �مر ب رة س م رج � ب � ب � �ب � � � ا �� �م ب ا �� � ا ب ة ا � ب � �� ��� ���� � �م ا ل �س�� � ��د�ة��د ���� ب� ��ة� � ك ح����س ا ����ط� او ب� �ة��ل�و� �ل او ��ط� او �ل �ود �و لة� ب� س ب ��و�ل�د س ر ب ب ة� �� � � ب �� � ب ة ا ة � ا ب ًا ب ا �� ح�ب حة�ب��د ا ر����� ب��ا � � � س � � س � ا � � � د � � �م � ل م � � �و�مر�� � ب� �لو�ل�د ا �ة�� � م� ��� �ب����د �م� �مك��ل� او ��ة� ر م ة� ر ً ل ر ب ب ً ح� � �ع�م �ة � � ا ب�� ا ��ب � � ا ب�� ا � ب ب ا �� ب ا � � ب � ا � �ه � ا ب � ب ��� �هر بو ب � ���ا �ع�مة��ة��� �و��ل��� لب��� ة�ةس و مر � ب� � ة ح��ر� ا �ة� ب� ح��ر� او � �ر ة��� ب ب � ب� � � ب م م ة � ا � ب ب ا ب ة � � �ل� ة � ب �� ة � � �� � �ا � ل � ع � � � � � � ا � ا ح� �ة� ��ط��ةس �مس ب� ح�ة� �و���ل� او ا �ة� �م� بحب���ل � بول���د� ب �م�ة ر � ح� �� ب� �ل�لك ح��ر� �ورك ب� بر ة � �ا � ا �و��ل د � �و�ل�ا ب� �و ب� ��ا ب�� ب� ا �ل��د �و�ل� ب� ��� بر��ب���. ب 22
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Chapter Nine
the same mind, opposed to his marriage to the foreign girl, the king reversed course and made it clear to them that he’d decided not to marry her after all. Things then settled down, the gossip ceased, and everything went back to normal. The king remained unwed for a whole year. During that time, he initiated
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the construction of Versailles, building a palace unequaled in any part of the world. He decorated it with all sorts of indescribable gardens, parks, and promenades. The palace is renowned among all the Christian kings. A curious aspect of Versailles’s construction concerns the fact that the River Seine, a great river like the Euphrates, passes behind Versailles, separated from it by a tall mountain. The king wanted to bring the river to Versailles, so he gathered all the engineers and ordered them to channel the river into the gardens surrounding the palace. The engineers consulted among themselves, and agreed that the only way to achieve this was to cut a channel through the mountain. They presented this idea to His Majesty the king.
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“What would be the point of the river flowing from the base of the mountain?” he said. “I want the water to descend from the top of the mountain onto the gardens and grounds!” The engineers were baffled, and told the king such a thing was impossible. “There’s nothing we can do,” they said, cowering meekly before him. At this, the king grew angry. Suddenly, one of the engineers came forward and kissed the hem of his robe. “Sire, I’ll bring the water down from the top of the mountain,” he said. “But it’ll cost you a pretty penny.” When the king heard this, he ordered an edict to be drafted, granting the engineer the necessary funds. “If you are true to your word, I’ll give you whatever you wish,” said the king, signing the edict. “Name your price.” The man kissed the ground before the king and set off to embark upon this wondrous construction.13 First, he ordered some long iron pumps to be cast, in the style of cannons. He also called for some steel waterwheels and pistons. Once they’d been fashioned according to his design, he summoned some builders and ordered them to dig a deep trench alongside the river. A second trench was then dug beside the first, and this was repeated all the way to the summit of the mountain. He then had a wall built on either side of each trench, installed the first waterwheel, and placed a pump beside it.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � � ب � � � �� ا�ا�م�ا ��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل��د � ��ل�ا� ب���ل�م�ا د ا ا ��ل��د � ��ل�ا� �ب����ا ح��ل ا�ا�م بر�ة� ��� ا ����� بر��ب��� � � �د � ر ر و ب و ب ة وب رة ة �� ب � �� ا ب ا ب��ةة� ة ا �� ��� ب � �ب� ة ا ا� ا �� � ب� ة ا � � ا ب � ا ��ل ة �ه ا � ب ا � ا �� �وة�ربج ا ة� � ��ل� ��ر��ب�� �ود ��� �م� ء ا ة� ح�ر� ��� ��ة�� ��ة� �ة� ����ة� مس �ل��و ة� �ا ب ا �� �� ا � ب � � �ب ة � ب � � � �لة��ا �مة��� ب �و�ا�م�ا ا ب��ة���ل ة� ا ��ل �و� �ب�ة�� ك ح��ر� ا ����ا ��ة��� �و�����ا ���ة�� ب� �م����ل ���ة�� ب� ��ط� � ��س�� ب� ���ة� �� �ة� ب ةس � � � � � ب ب � ب � � � � ة ا ب ب ة ب ب � د �ل�ا ب� � او د ا د ا ر ا �ل��د �ل� ب� ة���سس����ل ا�ا�م بر�� ا �ل��د �ة� ��� ا �����ر��ب��ا � 1و����د ��� ا�ام�ا ء ا �� ���ا �ل �� � ح��ر� ة ة ة ب ع ب ب � ا � ة � ب �� � �� � ح�ة ا �ة����� ا�ا�م�ا ء ا ���� �ة�م ة� ا ب��ل � حب���ل � او � ���د � � �و�مس �� �ل� � ر ل ح��ر� ا �ة� ا �ل ارب�ل���� �و �ل��م ب� ار ة� ة ة� اة ب � ب ب����� ��� ةس ا�ام��ل�ك �م�ا ء � او �ر. � � ة ب ة �ة ب � � �ب �ا ا � � ����ع � � ���س��� ا د را ب� ب �بس �ر�ة� ا�امة��ا � حة��ً�د ا �مر ا�م�لك ب �م�ة�ر لبرك ب���� ر �و�����ب�ة��ل� � �مس ب ر ب ج �� �ا ب ب �� �م ب �ب �ة � ب�� ة��ب�� � � ا ب ب ��ا ا ب �� ب � ����ل��ا ���د ر ا ��ة� ا �ل��������ل � �و�� ب � ���م و ��� او ا ��بس ر ر رجب س �مو � � �وةل�سم�و� �و�ب��� د �و��ة�ر ��م او �ة�� ك� � � � ب � � ب ب ب ا �� ب ح�� ا ا ا � ب ةب � ب� ح�ة ك�� ��ا � بس ���ل �ورة��� �م بس ���د � ا �ا ���س �م� � ���و��� �مس �����ك �و����� ل��ورةلس ب��ة��د � � ل�� ا�م� ء ة� �ل ب ر بة رج ب � ��ب � � ة� ة �ة � � � ا ����س ا � �ب �ب ب ب ��و بر ل ب رب��ا بة� بس ���ا ا�ا�م�ا ء �ول�� ح��ل ا�ا�مرب� ل�� � ا ا ل � � � � ح د ل م � � � � د � ك � ل � ل ��م� ك ب و ر � � �م � �م � ب س ر ر ج ة ةج ة � ع ج � ب � ا ب � � ب � ا �� ب�� �� � � �م��ل�� ���ا �بل���� ب �م� � ا�ا�م�ا ء � �م ب ا ب ���ل طو�ل�� � �� ح� ��� او �ة�� �ب� ل�ر س �و� � م����ا �ع �ر�ب��س �ب�ة������ ا برل� ر�ل��م ا د ا �م � وس ةس ة ع ع �� � م � � ة ب ة � � � ة ب ب ب ا � � ا ا ا ا ا ا �� � � ا ل��س � � �م � ا ل��س � � ا ��ة � ب ا � �س � ا�م � �م ب � ���� � ب��� �د �م � ا ل�س � �م�ة ��ةس د رع بو�ربج ة�� س بح� ب ة�� �� ر ة�� ةم�ةس ����ة� �م� ل و ة��ة �م� ل ����ة� ةة � ا �ل�سم�� ب � ب��ة����ل ا�ا�م��ا � ��ب �ل�� ب� ا ة ة ���ا �ب���ا ة� �� �م ب ا�ا�م�ا ء � ا ��ل�� بد ل ب ��������� � ا � ة ح��� �م�ا ب����ب��� ��ط و ة س ب ة ة رو ة ةس و �م ة ة� ب ����� � ب�و� ب�� ���ة� ك� � ب و س �� ب ب ب ا� ا � � ب ة ا � �م�بس � ب � �ل� � ��د ر �مس ��ل�و ا ب� ة��� �و�ل�ا �ب �لة� ���ط��ة �م�ا ء �وك���ل ���د ا �مس �عر� ا�م� ء ا �ل�د �ة� �� ة�م�� � حب���ل. ���ل� م م ا � ا ����ل�ة ب ب ا ب ب ا� ا ح�ا �� ��ب �ب�ه ب ب��� ��ب ا ��ل�� ة ��س��ا ب� � ب�ةب�س ب ب � �مس �ور���� �ة�� � بوة �س� ��ة� �و�� �ة���س ���د ا ا�م� ء ب� ر ة ة� � ر ر ة ر ة� و ب ر ج م �� ب �ب � ب ��ا ��ب�ه ��ة��� ��ب �ل�� ب ����ا ���د ا �ب�ا � ب ���� ح��ل�ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ب��ل � ح�ا ر�ة� �م بس ب� �هر ا �ل��د �ة� ب� � ا�� حب���ل � بو�ل���د ك���ل �����ةس ا بس ر ب ة� ب � ب ���م��� ا ��ل ��� � �ب ا � ب �� � � ا � ا ة �م ب ا ��ل ا ب�� � ب �م ب � ب ���س �����ل�ب � ب ا �� �س�� بح� � س ب�� ب��ةس س بح����س ب�ر ب ة � ا �ب�����س �و��� لةر� �ل �ر س و� � ب ����ةس ل� ة � �ب ب ب � حة ا ب ا ب ة � ا �� ب � ا � ا � بس ة ب ة � �ر�� �ورا حة�� ����� ب�ل�� ب� ح���ك ��ة� د � ةس ��ة� د �ل��ك ���� � بو��ة��ور�� � بوة�س ب �مرب��� ع�ود ل������ ب� م� بة ة ب �ا � ا ��ل ��� �م ب ا ا ب�� � ب� ب � ا ب � � ا � � � ب �� � �م ب ا �� � ��� ����د � او �� �لةهب � ا ا � � ���د � د � � � � � ع � � م � � ح ل ��س � � � � � ل � � ل ل � � ك س و وس و ب �ل ة رس س ر ب و ر � و ة ب س � � ب � � ب ����سب ��ة � ة ب � � ���د ا ا ��ل � � �ر��س �م����ة�ر� �����ر �ة �لو�م � او ���ر �و���د � ا �ل�و�� �و ��ط�و�ل �و��س ب��ة ��و�ل��د � او � بوة �م�و � بو���ة��� ر� او ة � ب ب �� � � ة� ة ب با ب ا � ة ب �م ا ب ���د ر �م ب ��م��ة ا ب�ل ا� ا ����� � حب���ل � او � ���� �ل� �عس �� ���س ا �ة� �ة �لو�م�� ���د ا ا �ل�د � او �لة� ب� �ب�����سس����ل � او�م� ء ب ة � س �ة ��� �ب � � � ا �ة ب ة � ب ����ل � ك� م��ا � ����ة� ��س��ة� ب��ة�� ��و�� ا �ل�و���� �و�م�ا ���ب�� ة� �م ب��� ا �ل� ا � �ل���لة���ل �م بس ا ������ة�ر. ة � ب � ا ة ا� � � � ب ب �م ار �� � ا� ك� �ك���ل ة� ب��مة�� �ةل�� � ا �ل�ع ا ل � ا � �وبلر ب� م���ل�ب��� ا�ام ���سة��د� �� �ة�سم�ا � ب����ا ��ة� � ���دد� ���ل�م�ا �م ع لك �م� ةر و �� ة ع ا� ا �� ب ا �� ة ا ب ا� � � ا ب ب ة ��� ����� ���ا �� ب��� ���ة ا�ا��م ا د � ب ��ر�ب�ا �وك�� � � � ا ء � � ل د � �و لب����س�� ك م � � � � م � ب ر و � ل حة��ً�د ا �مرا�م�لك �ب� � ة�������ل� او ة� ة ر رة ة أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا ����ط ف��رف�ا.
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Chapter Nine
The water flowed through the waterwheel and, as the wheel turned, the
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piston would enter the pump, fill it with water, and push that water into the second trench, which was two fathoms higher than the first. When that trench, which sloped downward like a millrace, had filled up with water, it would spill onto the second wheel. When the wheel turned, it would work the piston in the pump, pushing the water into the third trench. From there, it flowed into the fourth, and so on and so forth until it reached the summit of the mountain, whereupon the water coursed down copiously into the king’s gardens. The king ordered the construction of some large pools and stone fountains
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resembling terraces, and the water flowed down over them. They also erected tin fountains in the shapes of various fruit trees, such as orange, lemon, and citron. Water flowed to each tree through a pair of pipes, and spouted out of every leaf!14 Beneath each tree was a meadow with a couple of thin pipes that also sprayed water. There was a broad walkway, as wide as four men walking side by side, and two hundred cubits in length. Water spouted over the walkway from both sides: The fountains on the left side sprayed water to the right side and the fountains on the right side sprayed water to the left side. The streams met in the middle, forming a watery vault! And yet, those who walked beneath it didn’t feel a single drop, thanks to the power of the water descending from the top of the mountain. The excess water flowed into a small river that ran through the gardens
9.38
and then left Versailles and rejoined the river running behind the mountain. In addition to all of this, a great number of trees were planted in a dense fashion, creating a sort of forest. On its borders, there was a hedge formed out of a certain species of tree that coils endlessly upon itself, sprouting so many leaves and tangled branches that even an arrow shot at it wouldn’t pass through. Inside the forest, they let loose rabbits, gazelles, and other wild animals to be hunted. The forest extended for a day’s journey by foot from one end to the other, and the animals soon proliferated throughout. The waterwheels continue to work to this day, and the water still comes down that mountain. The glories of the place are simply indescribable. I haven’t done them justice with this humble account. Let us return to our story. Once the construction was complete and the plans had come to fruition—the splendid and lofty palaces, the garden, the watercourses—the king ordered all his things transferred from his palace in
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� � �ة ب ب � ا� � ب � �ة ��� �م ار �ة�� ا �ل ��ة� ��ة� �ور����ا �ة��ا �و�و ب� �م ار ��ة��� ا �ل ��ة� ��هة� ��ة� �ب��هرة���س ا �ة� ا ��� �ود ��ة� � مو ب � ب �مة�� ا� � ة بع ��ع ب ا ب ة ا ا� ���ا ل د � ��ة��� � � ب ا � � �� � �س��� ��ة� ��ك� � �ةل��لة ��� �ب� �م��ل�وك �و ب���� ب��مة�� ا ك� بر و وورر و �وا ��سة��� ��ة� ل�ر� ة ع ع ة ةب ب ب ب �ور����ا ����ا � او ر�و�� ا ���� ا ���� ���ه ��� ا ��ل � ���م ب��م�ا ا �����م �م�ا �ب���ل� او �ب�ا � �م�ا د ا �م�� د �م ب���ة���و� �رد ��لة� ة ة ة ل ب رة س � ب ة� ب � ا ب � ب ب ة � ا ا ا ا � ة م�� � � � �م ا ����� �ولر�و ب �ب���� لبر ب� ح��� �� �ل�و� �م��ل����� ��ل ح��ل ���د ا ا ر�����ل �� ب� ��� �و�ل� ب� ح� �ب���� ا ��ة� � ة� ��� ة�سة ر ة ج ة م � ب � ب �ة ة ب ب��م�� ���م � ��� ا �س�ة��ا � ��� �ور����ا �ة��ا ا ��� ا�ام�م�ا ة� �و�م�ا ��� د د ب� �� ةع رو � ة ح��ل ا ة� �م�دة���� �ب��هرة���س ط�� � او � � م ة � � ب ب �ب � � �ب � � � ة ب � ح�� ���د � ا�ام��ل����� ا �ل �� ��ة ا ة ���د ا ا ��ل�� بد �� ا � ك�ا ب ح�� �ة� ������ل��مة� �عس �ب ر �و ��� �م���ة�� �ة� ا �ل��مرلةر �ة� ة� رة � ة � ة � ب� �ر� ا�ام��ل�ك. ب �ً ة ة ة ب ا � ب ة � �ب � ة � � ة � ح�� ب ح�ة را ا � � �س���م� ا �� ا � �ل � �ك���ل ا � �لة ب� �م ار ��� ا�ام��ل�ك ��م�ا ب��ة��� ا �ة�ا � ا ��ة� � ا� � ���ة ر � ةس �م�ا �م � ����س ة ة م � � � � ب � ب ة ب� ة ا ��ل�� بد �� ا �م ��ب �ع�م�ل�� �ب�� د � �لب��� ب �و���س ا �ة� د ��ل��ك ا � �لة ب� ةس ابل بس ا�ام��ل�ك �ود ����س �و ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ح��ل� او �ل��ل�ك ا � �لو�� ة ر ة� ب � ب ب �ة ة � ب � ب � ا ة ح��د ��ة����ا �م ا ��� ا�م��ل�ك � �م�ا ا ��ل�س�م�ا ب��ة���ة ا ��ا � ك�� ة� ا د �ور �� ����� �و�ل���د� ر ب� ا � � ���� ا �ة� �م�دة���� � ة ر و � ة ب ة رة ةم ب ح� ��ة � ب���ة �� ب ا �ب � � ا �� ة �� � ب � � �ب �ة ب � � ة � ا ة � � �ب��هرة���س �وك�� � �����ل��م� ا ��سم ل �� ار ب��ة��� ���� �ة �� ����� �ة� د �ل�ك ب�ة��� ا ل�د ة� ه�و �مو� ة ة � ب � ا ب �ب � ب �� ���ا ���ا �ب�ل ا ل ب � � �ب�� ا �ب�ا ح��م �م�ا �مة� بس ا ب � � � � � ل ل �� � ه ا � � � م د � � � � � � ه ح � � ه � � ك ك �� � � ��ة��ة���ل �و و ةرورو ب� ر ر س ة ر س بر ب � رة س و و ةرور م وة ة� � ب � ��� � � ة ة ب � �� ��� ا�ا ك� �م ا ��ا �ة�� � ا �م�ا � م���ل�ب��� �و� �� ح��� بس �ب ب� ��ط�ا �م��� . ح� ا � �ل� � ��� � م ة� �ربج �ة� رة � �م و � م ب � � ب ب � � ب ا ا ا � ب� � ���د ر ا �ل����ا �ل�� ���ور�ة ر ب� ح��ل ب��ا ا �ة� ب��ة�� ة� ر ب� �ة ��و مس �ل��ة� د ح��ل ا �م�ة�ر � ار��ة ة� ��ة� � ح��ل م م ��ب ة ب � � ب ا ب �� � ب ب � � ح�� �م ب ا ������ � ��� ا ������ط�� �ب��ل�م�ا ا ا � � � ��س ب��ة���ب���ةس �ل�ل�� ��ر ك�� � �ة��د� � �و�م�ا �����ك ب��ة��د� ��ط�ة ر �و ل ةر ور ح� ر ب� س ع ة ا � ة � ب ة � �ب ب ب ���د � ا ����� � �بكة� ��ةه� ب �ع ب��د � ��ا ب ���د� ب ح�� ب���ة��ا ��ل�و���� ا ��ل �� �م�ل� ا � �ل � ح�ا ر ب� � ��ا ب� � � �مرةل بس �ب�ا � � ر ���ة ر �ة� و ة ة ة ب س ة ب � ب ح�ة ���د ا �ة�� �� ل ��م�ا ة��د ة ح��د �مب ���د �ة� � ��� �ةل���ل�� �و�ا�م�� ا ��� ��ور� ب��ة��د�� . ا ا � � حة�ب�ً�د � � ر و ر � و � س ة ة ب � م ة �� � � اب ب � � �ة ة � � ة ب � � ا��م���� � � ب � ل ا ه � � � � ا � � � � ا � � ح� �ر� د �ل�ك ل� ا ل�د ة� ���ور ���د � ����ور� بحة�ب�� � ل�و ة� ب� � ���د � ���د ك� �و��س ل � م م ب ب ������ ة ا� ب ة ة ���د � �م � �ة ا �ة ا ب��م��س� ا � �ة ب� ��� ب ا ������ور� ����س م� ة� عر س. ���� ر ���� ��� �����ولةر ل�م ب��ة���ر�و ا�م���ور �و ب� ب ب � ب �ة � � ب � � اب ب � ب ب ب ���د ا ا��م��ل��� ب�ع ��� ب�ع ���ا � ا ب� �و� ���و� ك حة� ب� �ل�� ���د ا ا�م��ل��� ��ة� ر�م�ا � � ب � ح�ة�ر �ل���ا �ل �ورر�ة� حب� ر ر ب م ة م � � � ب � � ب �ل � ا�ا�مب ب� ���� ب��ا �ة ب�ل�ة ��ل�� � �ل � �م ب ا �ل�ا��ا � �ب ب� ��� ا �� �� ب�� ة ���ا ب�� ة� ���دة�ل���� ��ب� ا ��ل ح��د ا �ل�ا�م ار �وك� ا � � ح���س � او ب � �م�� �ل ر �� ة وم س ة م ر ة� ب ب ة ة � � � ب ب ة ب ة ا ا ب �م ���ا �ب��ل�م�ا �ب ب� ���� ���ا � ��ه ب��ة���سة � م����ا ��� ا �و�ل�د ا �ل��م�ا ر� �����ا ر ة�����س ة���ا �و��م��ل�ك ���لب��� ح��س �� � �ر��د� �ع� ر و � ر ة ة ة ع � ا ب ا� ب ب � � ة ة ة � � ة ا ا ا ا ب � � � � � ح ح �م ار ��� م�� ا � � ح��� �ب����د ا ا�م���د ا ر �� ��� ر �ة���ب�� �� �م � � � ���ل ا م�� ب ب� ة �� س ك � �ة� ك � �ة� و � �ة� � ة � � � � ب ب ة ب ب ب � ةة ب ���د ب�ر�و ب� � ا �م ب ا � �م ار ��ا �ل�ا ب� ا ب� �لو���ا �و��� ب�� ة� �ع بس �� ���ر� �����ا ر �ة��ر� ح��ل ا �ة���ر� ل�����ا د� �ل��ل�ك ح�� س �� ة 26
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Chapter Nine
Paris to the palace in Versailles.15 He placed his throne in Versailles in a suitably august setting and brought all the dignitaries of his realm, the ministers, and the courtiers to Versailles, in order to punish the people of Paris for not accepting Madame de Maintenon as their queen. That was why he brought her to his palace in Versailles and married her there in a Christian wedding, all of its conditions fulfilled.16 The king remained in Versailles until his death, and never returned to Paris. This is the story my master told me about the queen I saw reclining in the king’s room. I spent eight days at the king’s palace, during which time the cage ordered
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by the king’s son, the dauphin, was completed and the animals were placed inside. During those eight days, I toured the palace freely; no one prevented me from going wherever I wanted. Finally, I returned to Paris, where my master had rented a house at his own expense. We resided in that house, which was above Pont Saint-Michel. We were visited by many of Paris’s dignitaries, and my master would also visit them, bringing me along to see their lavish mansions and well-designed properties. One day, we visited the home of a prince. At the rear of the salon, I saw a
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painting of a man holding a bird in his hand. From the onlooker’s perspective, however, it seemed as though the man’s hand and the bird protruded out of the picture. I studied the painting and was convinced his hand was outside the frame, but those present told me it was nothing but a picture. I wouldn’t believe it until one of them rose and touched the painting with his hand. Finally convinced, I praised the master who had produced that remarkable painting, which, I was told, was a copy of an original by the artist Pietro.17 It had been purchased for five hundred piasters. The story of that artist is extraordinary indeed. During his youth, he was a cobbler’s apprentice, and an ugly one at that. One day, he spied the daughter of a prince, whose beauty was unrivaled by any other maiden. She was out for a walk with some other royals, and as he stared at her, his heart was overcome with love. So much so, in fact, that he followed her from one place to another until she arrived at her father’s palace and disappeared from sight. The youth began to lie in wait near the palace, waiting for her to emerge every now and then when she would go for a walk, as was the custom in those lands. When she did, he’d follow her and gaze at her.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � � ب�ا ب ة ا ب ب � � ا �ب��ل� د � ك� ���ا �و���د ا ��� �ةو��� ���ر ا �ة� �� � �ة���ب�� � ب � ا � ا ا � �ب ب ب ة ا � ا �و�ل�د ا �ل��م� ر� ا �ل�دةلس ك� ���ا � �ل او ةلس�م � � ��� او � �ب � � ا�م � ح��� بس ا �ل��د �ة� �م�ا �ل�� �ب ب� ��ط�ة�ر. ب � ب ب � ة � ب ب ة �ب ب� � ة� ��ل�ل�� �م��ر � او ��ل��د���ا ��ب� �ب����� ���د ا ا � ح�� � �� � �� ة� ا � ك � �و��ا �عة��ا ب ��ط�� ا �ب��� ة� ��� �ة�� ا �ل�هة� ��ط �و�مب� ب� ة ة ل ة� � ب ب � � ا ب ة � ة ا بب� � ة �ا �ا �ا بب �� ب� ���ا �و���ا ر� �����ة�ر� �ل��و�ل�د ا �ل��م�ا ر� ���� ب� �و��ة ��� ا ��� حة�� �م� �م� ��� � ب�و�ة��� ���ر ا �ة� ��� ب�ة�� ب�س� � � ة ب � با � ب � � �ا ح�� ��ب�� ب �مرا �لب���ل�� � ا �م�ا �م�� �و����ا �ل�� ب� �لو ب� �� ب� �م�ا �ب�ا �ل��ك ب���� بة�س� ب������ة� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر� ا �ل��م�ة�ر � او ر�����ل �� ح � � ع ة م ب ا با ا � ة ا �� ب� � ب � ة ا �ب ب � ا � � � � � ل � � � س ��� � �م� �م� ���د ك م ��� � ب� ح�ة�� �� ة� ا ة� ���س �ه�و ��� ح� �ب� ا ل���ل� �م ���� ل ��ور ا � حة� �� �م�ا �مب� � � � ب ة ة ً � ع ب ب �� ة ب � � � � ةا � ���ل�� � ا ��� ط�س طب��� �ب�ا �� ك� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �م��� ���د ا ا � ك� ���ك ���� ة���ل ة� �ع�ة���ل�� �و���ا ر �ة�ل�� �� � ���ل��م �� �ة�ل� �ل�� ����ل ة� م � � �ة � �ة �ة ب � � ا ب� �ة ا �� �� � �ب ح�ب��د �ة�ا �� ��ل�� ا ��ل�ا�م�� �م�ا بد ا �ةل�� ��� �ب �لة��ب � � ح�ا �ب�� ا �لب���ل�� � ل �����ا �ب�ا ب� ب� رة��د � رو بح��� ��� ل ل� ه� .ة ً ل ةر ط�ة� م � م� � � اب ب � ة ة ا ��ط��ل ب� �م ب��� �م�ا ةل �ر��د ب���ة��ا �ل �ل�� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر ل � برة��د �م ب���ك �ب�ا � �����ور ��ة� ���ور�����ا ب��ة��د ك �و � ة ة ة� ة ب � � �� �ب ب ���د ا ا ��ا�م ا �ب�ا �ل�� ��� � ��ب���ة �ب � ���م ���ط ا ب� ���د ة� �ة�ة����هة���ا ة � � � � � � �� ل � � � ل � ح � ا �م�م� ب � �ل ر ب ة ���ك ب �ة� و� رو ب ل�ك و س ب ر ب�ل�ع�م��ل ���� ���سب ��ة���ك. � ب ة � � � ب ب � � ب ب �ب �ر ب���� ا �لب���ل�� � ��ة� ���د ا ا �ل ���مر ��ط �و ب�رب� �م بس �ع ب��د ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �و�ه�و �ر� �و ��ط ح�ا � �و���ا ر ة����س� ة م ج �ب �� � ا ب � ة ة � � � ب ة �ب ا �ب ا ة �ب �� �� �ب � �� ة � ل �� ا ل � � � � � � � � � � � ا � ا � � � � � ل ا � �� ل � م� � ح��ط ���ور� لك ب���� �م� �� ة� ة� ب ر� �ة� ح��ط� � ل� ب ة���د ر ة����ور �ة� ة �ة ة ب ا ب ا �ة �� � ب ب ة ة � ب ة ب ا ا ا ا ا ا � � � � ب ب ط ب � س � ح�د ا�م���ور لس �وة � حس د��� �� � �� � � ���� ��� �� ���ر �ب� ��� ة��د � �ع��د ا � �س��� � �م�د� ����ل � ة م م � � � ب ب� �ب �� � �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �ع ب��د د �ل��ك ا�ام� ��ور �و�ه�و �ة� ��ط��ل� ����� ���ب����ل ������ل�م�� �و��ة ��� ا �ب�� �ب�ة�ر��س� � �وب�ة�رك� ب� م ع ة � �ة �ةل�� � ا �� ب ة � �ا ب ة ب ا ���ا ب�� ة� �م��� � ��ب �ع�ة���ل�� �م ب � ا �ل��د���ا �ب�ا ة� ��ا ب��ة��د �ة� لةر��س� �م بس �ع����ل�� ���ور لك ب���� �ل����� ك ور ة� س م � ة ا ��� � ة � � ب � � ب � ���ا � �ل��. ���� ا �ل�د ة� ك ����د� ل� � بً � � ة ا ب ا ة �� � � ��� ��ل ب���ل�م�ا �� ح�ة�را ا �ة�لةه� ب ���ور����� ب�ل��� �ة�� ا ا� �ك���ل ة� ا �����ور� �مب���� ا �ة� �ع ب��د ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر � او �ع ��ط�ا � � ك م � م س ة ب ة ة� � � ب ب� ا ةب ����ا ���ة ا ��ل ��ة ب����ا ��بم�ا ح��� ب �ة���� ل ���ا � � ب ب ���ا ا ��ل�ا�م�ة�ر� ب��ه � ح ب� �مس � س وةر و ة� ة� �ل�لك ا �����ور� ��ل�م� � �ل�ر��س �ة� ب � � ة ب � ب �ب ب � ����د �� �ب�ا � ا �لب���ل�� � � ��ور���ا �ك����ا �ل�� �م بس �ه�وا �ل��د �ة� � ��ور ���د � ا ��� ��ور� ب��ا ب� ح�ا �ب�� ا �لب���ل�� � ���د � م م ة ةة � �� � � ة ّ �ب ا ة ة �ب ب ا ة ب � � � ا � � � � � � � � � � � �����ولةر �ة��د �ة� �مك� ا ��مر��� ���ة� �م� ا ع ����د �ة� ك�ل� �م� �ورا د ةل�ر� حهة ���� ا �ل��مر � ر�����ل � ة� � � ا� ة ب � ا� ب �م ا ��� �ع ب��د� ا �ل� � ب ب بر و ح� ر ة� ع �����ل�م��ةس �م���ورةلس � او ر� او ه�م �ل�لك ا �����ور� �و���� �����م ����ل �ل��ر��م او
ا� ا ب � �بة ا ب ��ا � ���د ر �م��� ك�� �م �مر� � او �ب���� �م� ����ة� �ب� ����� �م��� ا �ة� ب ���د ا ا ��ل� ا �� ة ا ��ل ب �ل�ب ������ا ���ا � ا �� ب� ا ا ��� ررة� �� � رو ة � � ��و ��� ���ة�
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Chapter Nine
This happened several times without the girl taking any notice. But then the children of the other princes who accompanied her on her walks began to congratulate her on having such a charming and handsome admirer. This made her angry, and so she went to speak to her father about the
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young man, telling him how he followed her everywhere, staring constantly, and making her into a laughingstock among the prince’s other descendants. The prince was furious and had the young man brought before him. “Who do you think you are, following my daughter the princess wherever she goes?” he asked angrily. “What do you want with her?” “I love her,” the young man replied. Hearing these words, the prince laughed aloud at the boy’s ignorance. “Would you like to marry her?” he asked sweetly. “Yes.” “And what will you offer as her dowry?” “Ask what you wish,” the young man said. To this, the prince said, “I wish for you to paint her portrait. If you do that, I’ll let you marry her, on the condition that if you continue to follow her, I’ll have you hanged.” The young man agreed to this condition, and left the prince’s house in a
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state of elation. He set about scribbling on walls, trying to sketch the girl’s portrait, but failed to make any headway. So he was compelled to work for a period as apprentice to an artist, grinding paints while he studied the master at work, learning his techniques of drawing and his methods for composing different paints. Eventually, he set about drawing the portrait of the girl from memory, as her image was emblazoned in his mind, so deep was his longing for her. At last, the young man perfected the portrait. He went to see the prince and presented him with the painting. The prince studied it and was astonished by its fine craftsmanship. He couldn’t believe it was the work of that young man. “Who painted this?” he asked him. “This is the work of my own hand,” the young man replied. “Just as you stipulated.” The prince refused to believe him and wanted to hear the truth. He summoned four master artists and showed them the painting. “Do you know the artist who painted this?” he asked them.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � ب ب � �ا ���د � �ة�� ��ولر اة�� ب��ا ����ل��� ب��ا ب� ح�ا ب� �لو� �م�ا ��ة� ����ل �ب�ل�� د ����ل��� ب��ة��ة��د ر �ة�� ��ور �م����ل ���د � ا ��� ��ور �و�ل� ة م م �ب ا �� ب � ا �ه �ة ل ا ب ا ب ا � �� ا � �� ا ب �ة� �����د �و�ل� �ة� ����ور ����� � �ة� م�ل ك �ة� ��سة��ط� �. ة ة ة ة ة � ا �ب � � ب � ة ب ب � ا ا ب � � � ح�ب��د د �� �� ب�ب����د �م�ا � ��� � ح�ة��ة� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �م � ح�هة ����� ا �ل��مر��ل��م �ب� ����� �����ولةر د �ل�ك ا �ل���ل� �م� .ة ً م ا ��لة ة ة ب ا ا � ب � ة ا ً� �ب ة� � � ا � � �����ة ب س � � � � � � � � �س � � ب � � ا � ا � � � � � � ا ه � ل � ح � ا �م� �م� �و�� د ة ب� ر م�� ����ل ه�و ���ور لك ����ور� ب� ة��� � بح� ب� ل��ل م � ة�ل ح��س � ب�ا ب � ب ا� بة � ا ب ة �ا ا � ل��ا �ة�� �ل�و ب� ا �ب�ا ا �� ك� �س��د ة� ا � ك� �� � ا � ��� د ب� ������ل�� ا �ل��م�ة�ر ح�د �مس ا�م���ورةلس ب��ة����د ر �ة����ور �م��� � �ة� � ة � ب ة با ب ة �ب � ا� ة � ة �ة� ة ا ب ة ة ة حة���ا ���د �ك ة� �ة�ا ابل ب��� �و� ل ���س �ل� بح��ل ��ل� � � ���د �ة��لة� �ب� ���ك ب�� ����د ر ��� ��ور � ��ور� ب������ة� ا �� ر�و ب� � ة اب � ة ا � ا ا �ة ا � �� ة �ل� �� � ا ب ��� �ل� ب� ح��ل ر ر ة� �ل�ك. ���ك ح � �و � رد � ب �� ة � � ب � � ب ة ب ب ب ب ب ��ا �ل را �ع�ة���ل�� � �وةل�� ح�� ��� ا �ل له�ور �و ب�رب� �م بس ا �م�ا �م�� ���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ا �لب���ل�� � �ب�ا � ا �ب��� ة� ةل بر�و ب� � ة م ج ع �ع ع���حس�ة��� ��ة���ل�ك ا ��� ب�� ة� � ���ا ح ب�� ب� � �م�ا ��� د �ل���ة��� ��� ����� �م ب �����د�ة ب�ع ا �م�� � � � ���ا �بم �و�ه�و ك� و ر ر و �و و ب ة ل ة� ة� س � � �ب � � � ا �� �ة �ب ب � ب ب � ���� ا ب��ل �و � او �ل��ر�ة� د � ة�����و �ة� ا �لب� را ر ة� �و ل ���ا ر ���ل�م�ا �م ب� �� ح��ل ا ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �م بس ا�ام�د � ج �ع � � ب ا ب ا ة ا ��� �ة � ب ا ة �ة ا � � ب � � ب ا � ب � ا ب � � � ب ط � س � � � � � ل ع ع � � ب� م ل � ة ح��د � م�د� �د� � ح د� �د � م ل � � � م � � � � � � م �س� � � � � ح � س ر � ر ب �ل �ور � ب س م و م ح�� �� ��ا �كة� ة� ا�ا�م��� ل ب �ب��ل�م�ا �ب ا � �����ةحب�� ����� � ب��م���ل�� �ب ���د� � ا د �� ب�د ��ل��ك ��ا ب� � � ا ا ة� ب ور ة رة ور ب ح�د ا �ل��ب� � �ة� ب ة ة ورة س ر � � ب ب � ب ة ة � � ة ا ب ا ا � � � � � �مك��ل� �ل�لك ا �����ور� � طس�م�د��� ��� ����د ر � ك� م�� � �و�م���ة� �ة��د ع�ة� ا�م���ل�م��ةس ح�ة� ة ب�� �وا لةر�و ة � ة� � � � �ب حة ا�ا� � �ل ب ب ب ب �� �� � � ا� � � ا �ام����ل � ب �ل ا �مب� ا�م���� ا � ل�لك ����ور� �وة���ش���د � او �ل� �ب� �مة�� �� �م� ��ة� ل�م ا�م�د ل�ور �ة� �ة��د �ع� او م�� �م��ةس ������س �ب � ب ب� �� � ��� �بم� �ة ا �ب �لب� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل���� ب �س ������ا �و ب� � ح�� د �ب�ا �ب�� �وةلر� �بلك�و�ل�ار ا ب� ح�ة�ر� ا �ل��د �ة� �مرد ل�ر و ور و� ح�ل��س س � � �ة�� ط�س ح بس ا �ل��د���ا �ب�ا ة�. ة � � ح���ة ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب ب�ب����د �ة��لة��� �م ب ا ��ل ب �م�ا ب� ا ��ة� ا��م��ل��� � ط�س � ا ������ . � ةس �و ب� ��� ح��ل���� او ���� ا � ل حة�ب�ً�د ��د �م ا�م��ل��� ب ل س ر ر ة ة م �ب ا ا� � ب م ا ب ة ا ة � � � � ا ب ��ا ب ا ة � ة ة �ب � � �ةل��ل�ك ا �����ور� ا �م� � ا�م���ل�م��ةس لةر�و��� �ر�� ء �ل�لك ا �ل�د �ب� ��� ك�� ����� ��ل��� �ة� ا �����ور� �م�د �ة��د� م ب �ب ��� ا �ب ا �� ا ة � ب �ة ب� �� ب ا �ب � � ا�ب � ا �ب ب� � ا �ة�ب ة � ة � ا � � ل � � ا ا � � ا � � ل ح ة��� ر ��� ����ور ب ��ل �ل� � ل���س و ��� ة� بح�ة ر� �وك������� �م� �ط� ر� .ة��ً�د �ر س � ة ً ب � � � �ب � ب � ح�ة�ر� �م�ا ا � ح�ا �ب�� ا ب� ح��ل ا ��ة� ���ا �ه ب��ا �و���ور ���د � ا �ل��د �ب�ا �ب�� ب��ا ب� ح��د �و����ا �ل�� ة��ا �ة�ل�� �م بس �ه�و ا �ل�د ة� د � � �ب ب � � ب �ل�و��ل�ا ا�بم ح��ل ب��ة�ر ب��ة��� ح ب��و� ا ب� د ب� ح�ة�رك �و�ه�و ا �ل��د �ة� � ��ور ���د � ا �ل��د �ب�ا �ب��. � � ب ة ب ا� � ب ا �� ��ا ب ب � ب � ا �� ��� ��ط�� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا � ب��ل�� د ���� ب� � ��م� �� او ب��مة�� � ��ل�م� �سم��� او ا�م���ل�م��ةس �ب� �سم�� �وك�� � ا �����هر � ة ب � � � ب �ب ب ة ح�� ����ل��� ��ب ���� � ب ح�ا ��ل��ك � � او � ة � ����ا ��� �س�ةه���ل � ��ا ل� ��را � �وة��ا �ل� او �ل�� �ام�ا د ا ��� �م��ل ��ة� � �����د ا � او ��� ر ب� ل م ة� ل ب �و ب م
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Chapter Nine
“No one could paint a portrait like this,” they said. “Not in this country, and not in India either. No human being painted this. It must have been an angel or a demon!” Faced with this evidence, the prince now realized that the painting had to
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be, in fact, the young man’s work. So he summoned him once again, and asked if he was indeed the true painter of the portrait. “My lord, why not investigate the matter?” the young man replied. “If any other artist can produce a painting like this, then I’m a liar.” “You’ve spoken well, my son. But I’ve already married my daughter off, because I never believed that you could produce her portrait,” the prince said. “As for my vow, I offer you her sister instead.” When the young man heard that the girl was married, he lost his senses and
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began to hallucinate. He fled the prince’s house like a madman, his passion for the girl having stripped him of all reason. He set about wandering through wilderness and wasteland. Eventually, tormented by his hunger and miserably bedraggled state, he stopped in a city and found work as an artist’s servant, grinding paint in exchange for food. At that time, the artist was at work on a glorious portrait, which he hoped would win him recognition as the finest of all painters. When it was finished, he set the painting in a place of honor and went to invite all the master artists to come see his work and to declare him a great master. After he left, the apprentice—whose name was Nicholas—stood up, painted a fly on the nose of the person in the portrait, then sat down again and went on grinding paint. A little while later, his master returned in the company of the other artists.
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They sat down on some chairs and the master presented his portrait to them. Seeing what appeared to be a fly on the surface of the painting, he reached out to shoo it away, but it didn’t budge. Scrutinizing it carefully, the master realized that it was in fact painted on! He whirled around to face his apprentice, embarrassed at having been fooled. “Who came in here and painted this fly?” he demanded. “Nobody came in besides Crazy Nicholas, your apprentice,” he said. “It was he who painted the fly!”18 When the assembled artists heard that the painter was none other than Nicholas—who had acquired no small amount of notoriety in those lands— they rose to their feet in his honor.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�ب ا ة � ا � ا � �ة ب ا ة ة � ح��ل�� �ع ب��د �ب�ا � ب� ب ��� ب ا ب ��بل � ب و حس ك��ل�� �م����ة�ر ��ل� �مة��د ك �م� �ب���ل �و�ل� ا �ع ��ط� ه�م ا � ���� ��� �ورا د ا �ر�وبج �مس ا ب� س ب � �س�ة� �� �ع ب��د � � �ه ب��ا ك� . ح�ة� ا ة��ب��ا � ح�ا �ب�� حة�ب�ً�د �ة��ل�� ������ل�م�� ا � ة � ح��س ا �ب�ا � او �ة�ا ك ��ة� ا �ة����ولر �ب�ا ب� ة ة� ة ة م �ب �� �م�ا �م ا د ك ��ب ���ة��ا �م�ة �ع ب��د ك ب��ا � � ة ً ب ح�ة�ر� ا�ام�د ل�� ا ب� ح�ا �ب�� ا�م��ل��� ��ا �ة�ل�� ا ��ا �ب����ور ���ور� � بو�ل���د �ة� ة� ر ب � و � ر ة م � � � � �ل��ل��� �ل � ب �� � ب ا ب�� ة� ��� ر ��� ر� � او �ل ��ة ب��ةب��ه ح ب� �� �م� ةس ا ����ر ب��ة���ل�و� �ه�و ا�م��ل��� . و و ة� �م ً � ب ب � � � ا ب �ل� ��ل� ����د ا ا �ل ���م ��ط ا �م�ا � ا�ام����ل�م�� ب ��� ا ا�ام����ل�م�� ب �� � ا �بر ب���� ب��ة��� ةس .ا ب� ل�م� ةس ة� � ح� �ل ���ب��ة��� � و ب ح�ة�را �م� و ر ة م � ا ��ة��د �� بد ��ل��ك ا��م��ل��� ��� �� � �� � ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة�� ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا ���� �� � ب��ا ���� د �ع� �ةل��ل�ك ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب م ة ور ور � ور ر �ل ة� وب ة ةس � � � ب� � � � � ب � ة ا ة � ب ع�� �م�د �ل���� ب �م ب ا �ل��د � ا �� � ���ل����ا � � � �و �� � ةةس س و ة� و � طهر �����م ا �����ور� �و �هة� ���ور� �م او �ة� �ود � او �ة� � ب � � � �ب � ة � � ب��ا ��لسة�م ة ا �������� � ���ا � ا ��ب ��ة� � ا ا ����� � ك� ب ��ب� ا ��� ���ا ����� ب��ة��ب ���ر� او �م بس ا � �ل �� او �ة�� � او �ل� ب�� ب� � ط� بسر � ة � ة ر و و ر و ر و و ر ة م ً � � � � � ب � ب ب ب � ب ا ب ب ة � ا ب ا � ب ب � ة ��ور .ا � ���و�����ةس ���ل�م�ا را � او ا�م����ل�م��ةس د �ل��ك �ك �������د � او �م����ل�مة�ة��� �ل���� �ع��س ا ����ة � ���� � ح�ة�را ا ���ه �� او � � �� ب � � ة ب�� � � � �ة ةب ا �� ��ة��� �ل�و�ل�ا �وة��ا �ل� او �ل�� �ب �لة��ا ���لة���ك ا ب�� ة� ا �ل�ا ب�ر�ة����ور ���ور� ح�� �� ح� �ب�ا �ل� �� ���ة� ا �����ور���ةس ة ة �م � � ب � ب � ا ا ح��د ��د �ب ة � ا � �� � ح� �ب���� ��ة���ل�و�ل� ا �ع �� � � � ح��ل��س �و� ب��ا � ح�� ا ب� ح�د �ة� � او � ��ور ا ��� ��ور� �و�ل� ا � ة� ح��ل طو ة� ب ر ة ب م � �ب � � � ب ب �� �� ا ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب � ��ا � ب ح� ب ا ة�� ةس � او �ع ���ط�و� ب�� �ر� � او �ل ة� �ل�ه��د �ة� ا ��ة� ة �سم� �مك��ل �ة� �م�د� ����هر ك�� �م��ل �ر� ة و � �� او �ع ب���. ا �ة����ولةر �و�م ب� � �ب � با ة ب � � �ب �ة � �� ���د� ل � �� ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب ���ل��ا � � ةس �ب�ا �ب�� � ك ا � �� �� � � �� د �س��ة��ا � ��ة���ل�و�ل�ا �ة����ور ا �����ور� ل � ح� � � � م � ب ةر و و � و ة س ة م م ����ا �عة���ا ب�����د �م�ا �مب ة � ا ا ا� ب � ����ة��� �ة ��ب �ة��� ل ���ا ���ا� � ا� � ب � ا ��� �ة � ب � ب ة �و� ة� �وةر ل ب � ب ح��ل �� ر ��� ا �ل��ة� �م ا�م�د ل��ور� �ب� د ر� او ا�م���ل�م��ةس � � � ب ةا � ب �ا ب � ة اب ا ة � � ة� � �ل�و ب� �ب ���د�ة ب�ع � ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� حة�ب��� .حة��ً�د �� � �ل او م�� � ح�ة� لةر� او �ل�لك ا ��� ��ور� بل���ل�م���م �ب� ����� ��� ةر ة ب �بة �� ب ا � ا� � �ل ب�� ب � �ب � ب ة ل ة � � ب ا ة ا ا � � ة � � � � س � � � � � � ح ل � ل � � � � � � � ل � �وا ب ر� ار ء �ل� �م�د ل�ور ا � � ب �ر�ك �ة� ار ء ����ل ���ور� � ع ��ط�� ا�مه��ج ا �ة� ��� �م� � �م� � ة � ة ب � � � ة �ب ���د اج�ل � � �ر� ���ور� ��ب�� ��ط�ا � ب������ر ��م�د �ة��د� ������ل�م�� �ورا د لةر�ب�� ا �ل�����ر �م بس ���� ا �����ور� �ة� � ر ب ة� ع ب ب ب �� �� � ب � � ��ا ب ب � � � �ب � �� � � ا��م���� � اب � �ب ب � �� �� ب� ح� ��ط �وك�� � د �ل��ك ا ب�لر ب ح� �م���ور ��ة� ا لة �مرب� �ة��د� � او لة ح��ط ب ��ل ل�م �ل��� ا ل����س ب � ة ا ً� ا � � � ا ب � ة ب � � � � ب �ة ب ة ب � � ا � ���ا ��ة� �مر�. ���ور حة��ً�د ا � ���� ��ة���ل�و�ل� ا ��ة� �����ل�م�� �� �ة�ل� �م� �هة� ��م ��ط� ر� ا ��ك �ل����س ا ����ة ا ��ل ���م ���ط�ا � ��ل��ل��بد �� ���ب�� ��� ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب ا ��ل�� بد ل ب �مة���ل�ك � �مب��� � ب� � ا ة ب ب ب � � ة ا ح�ل� �ه�م �ب� �ه���ةس ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل��س�� ر و ة� و ر ةس ة س ة بة س با ة � ب ة ���� ��� ا �ل ��� �ة���. �و� ة
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Chapter Nine
“As a master of this art, why are you treating yourself in this way?” they asked him. “Come join us, and we’ll be your students!” But he didn’t accept, nor did he pay them any mind. He turned to leave. “Why don’t you stay here with me now, and we can explore the subject of painting together?” his master persisted. “Why?” the apprentice Nicholas asked. “What’s your purpose in keeping me around?” “I’ll paint a picture, and then you paint a picture,” his master proposed. “Whoever paints the finer one, in the judgment of these artists, will be the master.” Nicholas agreed to the challenge. The artists all went on their way, and his
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master began to paint. When his painting was complete, he invited the artists back to show them his work. It was an image of fruits and grapes hanging from a trellis. He hung it outside, and the birds were fooled, flocking around and pecking at the painting as though the fruits and grapes were real! Witnessing this scene, the assembled artists attested to his mastery, for he had managed to deceive the birds. “Now it’s your turn,” they said, turning to Nicholas. “Paint us a picture so that we can judge them both accurately.” “Give me a room to myself so that I may paint alone,” Nicholas replied. “No one may come in until I’m finished, one month from now.” The artists agreed. They gave him a room and some painting supplies, and left him alone. Nicholas began his painting, and completed it within a day. His plan, though, was to give the artists the impression that he’d taken much longer to finish it because of the great craft it demanded. After a month had passed, the artists hurried over to see the painting, convinced that it would be a unique masterpiece. “Open the room so we may see the painting!” they demanded. Nicholas handed the key to his master. Opening the door, they spied a painting at the back of the room, covered by a draped cloth. Nicholas’s master reached out to lift the cloth, but his hand struck the wall: The cloth had been painted directly upon it! The master was embarrassed, as he’d been fooled a second time. “It doesn’t take much skill to fool a few birds,” said Nicholas, turning to his master. “Fooling a master painter like you? That takes some doing!” He turned and walked away, leaving them all flabbergasted by the cloth and its artistry.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب ��ا ب ��د ب �س�ة�ة�� �ة �لو�م�� ب ���ل�� ���� ��ا ك�� ���ل �و� ���مرب� �و�ا�م�ا ���ا � �و���د ا �ا�م�ا ك� ح��ل ا ��� ا �����ةر��� ة�� ة � � � � ح ب� � ة ة ةس ة ة ة ب ة � � �ا ة � � �ة �� � �� � �ة � � ا �ة��� بم � �ة ب �� ا ل ��س �ل � �� ا � � � �س � ا � � � ك ك ا �� �ل� �ل ةل��ل� ة ��� بل�ر�ط� ر بر � ��ة�� ا �ل������ر�ة�� �ة� ��ط��ل ب� �م��� �� �ل وةل ��ول ة� ة م �� � � ب � � ة ا ب� �ة ا ح� ا ��ل�ا�����ة ��� ب� � ة ب�ا ب � ب � � ��� �م���� ح�د ����ل �ر ��ط� ر ا ��ة� �ع��د ���ل��م �م���ور � او �ط�ل ب� م�� ح� � ��� � ب رة ب � � � ب � � � � �� ��� � ب د�� ب� � او ب��م�ا ا �ع ���ط�ا ك ا ر ب� �� � ���ا �ل�ه ب��د �ة� ب��ة�ر�و� ا �لر ب� ة� ح��ل �و�ةل�� ��ط�ة� د �ل�ك ا �لر�س�م ا �ة� �ل��م �مس ج ةع ب � ب ح��د���ا �� � ���ا ��م����� د�� ب� ب�ة��د �ب�� ��ل�� ���ل�� ���� ب��ة�ر ب� ا�ام� ��ور ل بس � �و� ���ط��ل ب� � ح� ح�ة� ة� �����ا �ور� �ة��ا ب� � ة ة ع ة ع �م ب � � � � �ة ا � ل ��س ب � ا ا � �ب �مب ا � ا ب � � � �ة �� �� � � ا �ة ا ب� �د � �ة ا ا � ا � � ة ��� �ل� ع��مر� ��س ��� و � ع وةل��ول ل� �ل� � ح� ح � ��� وةر �م ��ة ر��� ��مر� � س ة��د� وة��� � � ب ب�� بس � �� �� � �ب ��ل ا �� ب� �ة � � ة ح� ا � د�� ب� �ب�ة�ر�و� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� ��� �ة� ا�� ل �م���� ح��ل � �وة� ��ط��ل ب� � � ��� �ع��مر� د�� ب� ة�ربج ةل�� ة ج � ب �� � �� ك� ح�ة� ة� �����ا �ور� ب��ة�را � �مب���� �م بس ا �ل�ا�����ةر��� �و�م�ا ��� د ر ب� د�� ب � � ���ا �ب�� �رد � او � �مر�� ة ة ب� ��ة ر بع ة ع ة ب �ب � � اب ة �� �� ��ب��� �و����ا � ح�� ���� � ح�ا �م��ل ب�ر ب� ح��ا �ة�� ���� ���د ا ا �ل���� ��ة� � ح ب� ������ ك���لب��� � او �ة� ا �ل�� �م�د� �ة ة� ة� ب � ب �ة � ح ك� �ود �م بس �ة����ولر� �ور���سم�� ب��ة��ب�ب��ا ��م بس �ع برلر �و���د � � �مر. ��اة��ة��� �ب�ا �ام�هة�� �م�و ب�� ة ة ع � ب ب ب � ا ا �ًا � �ب ة �ب ب� � � ب ��ة� �م �� ا �ل�ا� �وب� ك ��ا ��� بس �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هرة���س �وح���س �� ��ط� �م��� ا �و�ل� �م�و ب � �ر ب �ود �ة� ����ل �� ب ع � � � ب ب ب ب � ة ة ب ب ب� ا ة �� �� � � با ة ا اة � � �� � ب � ا� ا � �م�دة����� �م� �م� �ة�� �ة������� �مس ��ة ر ا �ل�دلةر� ا �لر�هب�� � � او �ل ار �هب�� � �و �ة� ك��ل �ة������� ب �م�ل�� ��س�� د �ة�ل� � ً ب ب � ح��� ب �مب��� ا �� ب���ة� ا ة� ا ������اة� � �مب �ة� � ا�م����ة�س ��� �م ب�� �����ا ب� ا � ب�ل � ةس ا ��ل�� بدةل بس ك� ���ا �ب�ل او ����ا �ب �لة��ا ��� �ل�ع�م�� � ة ر � م ة� ر ة جو م ب � �����س � � � � ب ا ا ب ة ة ة ب �و�لر �و� �و� �سم�ا ب�ل���د �م������ ا � �ل���ر � او �ل���ا ر� �و�ه�و�ل�ء �م�ا ب��ة����د ر � او ة � ��د � او �و�ل� ب��ة����د ر � او �ة�ب��ة� ��وا � � � ة ة� ب � �ب �� ��ب ةا ب بم � � ا ب حب �س��د � �ة � ب ���� ����� � ا ��� ب��� ب �م ب م � � � � � ح�ا ����� ا ����� ��ه�� رةلس �و�ل� ب� ح��ل ���د ا �����م �ة� ك��ل ������� � و� � س � م و ةس س م م � ة � � � ب ب ب ب ب ح��� ب ����ل�� ب ح��د �ل�� �� �م ب �ه� �ل�اء ا�م���� ا �بل �وا ر�ب�� �م�وك� ةس ��ة� �ة�لور�ةل� ةس 1 �� �سة ع ����ل ��� به ��ور �����م �مس ��ة�ر ا � ة ر س و ب ا ة ب� �ة ة �� ا � � ا ا �� ب� �ة � ح��دةل ب ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ������اة� �مب � ا ب ب ح��ل ل �و��س�� د �ة�ل� �� ار � ا ����ة �ل� ب� ��ر� ا�ا � ��م� مو ب� س ة� ���م ع�مة�� � �و�م � ج � بج ب ا� �با� ة �س��ا د �لة ب ب ة ب ب � � � � � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا ا � � � � � م �������دةلس �و�م����م ��سة ��وج و �رو م� و ����م ر م��ل د � عة�� ل �ط�� ل و ���ل � ة�� ��� ���ل � ���� بب �� �مب ��� � ب �م ب ا � ا ��� ا �� ا � �� ب � ا ك�� ��� ��� �ة�د ر ا � حة�ة��ا ب� �م�وك��ل ة� ح�� �و�م�د � �و�ة�س ���م وة ل�ةس س م� ل�ل ����ةج بة ��ورع�و ���ة� �ل � م ة� ب بة ا ��س�م�ا �ه� ��ة� د ���ر. � بم ة ا �ة � ة ة � ��� �� ب ب ب � ا �� �� ا ح ب ة � � � س � � � � � � � �� � او � �ل � ا ا � ل � �� م د �� �� � � � � ك � ل � ح� د � � � � � � � � ��س� � ط � � ���ة�ر �م� ك������ �� ��ط ب ة �و �ل بوة ب� ب ة ة ر ة� س ب ح ب�د � �� �ة ��� �ب � � ا �ة ا ��ل�� ب ب ب را ��ة ة� �رد � او � ح��د ب� � ة� ��ط رد ر بح��ل ب �م� �� �م �بر �لو� ب� ��ا �� ب��ة�ب� �مرب� �ع�ة��� ب�ل���ة�ر م �� ب ��م�� �بك����ا ��ل ة� � ا � � ب ��ل ا ب �م ل ب ��ل�ا �� ������ ب��م�ا ���ة ا ��ل ا � �م � �ل ا بد ��ل��ك ا ب��ل � ح ب��د �ة� و ر �� �م ب��ة�� بر و ح�د �مس ا�� � رةس ة ب ب أ حت���� ف 1ال��ص�ل :ا لم�����ت����� تس.
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Chapter Nine
Whenever this fellow would check into an inn, he’d stay for two or three
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days, eating and drinking his fill. And when the innkeeper would ask him to settle his bill, Nicholas would tell him to bring him some paper to draw on. “Take this paper to a master painter and offer to sell it for five gold pieces,” he told the innkeeper. “If he doesn’t pay you, bring it back to me.” The man would go off and present the drawing to one of the master artists, asking for five gold pieces. The artist would offer three, so the innkeeper would return with the drawing to consult with Nicholas, who’d grab his work and rip it in half. Then he’d make another drawing, this one even more sublime and masterful. “Don’t take less than ten gold pieces for this one.” The innkeeper would set off again and ask for ten gold pieces, receiving a counteroffer of five. He’d return to the inn and find that Nicholas had left and not come back, as though he were angry. Nicholas spent the rest of his life in this way, traveling with a sack on his shoulder and his dog trotting behind him. His paintings and drawings continue to fetch high prices even today. So ends this summary of his story. Let’s return to our account of the admirable public works of Paris. First,
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there are eight hundred churches in this city, not counting the monasteries and convents. Each church contains several collection chests, some reserved for the poor people of the quarter, and some for those who’d come down in the world, having once led a life of ease before sinking into poverty and need. These last are too proud to beg, or to admit to being indigent, so each church keeps a collection chest just for them. Two priests are assigned to disburse the collected funds in a discreet manner, so that no one knows who the recipients are. The other collection chests are reserved for the poor people of the quarter, including the blind, the housebound, the elderly, the senile, and widows with children. Two upstanding residents of the quarter are put in charge of disbursing the funds from the collection chests according to the needs of each recipient. The names of the recipients are registered in a ledger. I never saw a single person begging for alms in Paris. In fact, I once saw a one-legged soldier being beaten violently and mercilessly by some of the governor’s men, and when I asked an onlooker why they were beating him, he replied that they’d seen him begging. I was astonished.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�������� ب ة ب � �� ا �� � ب � ���������س �د �� ��ةهة � � � ا ة با ���د � ب��ه ح�ابل ب�� ا �ب���� را �و� ب ة �س � حب� ة� �و���ل ة� �ل�� ����ل ��ة� �ب�ل�� د �� ل�د ة� ب ة �� ب ة ��ل�و �ل� �� ب� ة� م م ب� � � ب ب ب ة � ة ة �ور ���د ا �ب�ا � ح�ابل ب��� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� �س�سم�ا ر ب� ح��ل �م����ل ���د ا ����� ��ط �م�ا ب��ة����د ر �ب�ة�� ���سسب����ل ����ل ة ب � �ة ح��ل ب ة ٰ � � ب � � ب � ا ب ا�ا � � ّ � ب� ب �� � � ب ��ا �ب�� �م ة ���ا �� �مرب� �ل� � م�لك ا لل� ةح��ط� ك ة��� ��ة� ك����ل �ل� او ر�م��� �و�����ا ����� ��س��ا ����ل ا ��ب� ب � �م م � م ��� � ب �� � ��ل��ل��� ب ة ���د ا �� �لة �ة �ب ا � �ل� ب �ة ا ا ب � س � � � � � � � ه � ����� �ة� ة � �� � �ر� . �و م� ب�ة����� ���ر �م � د� �و م م ب �ا �� ة � � ب �ب ا � ا ل ب � ا ب ا�ا�م�� � ���ع �� � ا ة ب ة ح ك� ���م ة� �م ب��� �و�م�ا ��ه� � �� ة� ���ل بح ��ود � بح� ب ��ة� ب� � لك �مر ��ه�و�ل� �����د � ا ��س�� � ة ة � ب � � ة ب ح��ل�� ب ح�� ب ا ب��ل ���� او �م ب ا ��ل � ب� �بم ح ب��ود ا ��ل�� بدةل بس �ب��ر ب� � ةس ا �ل�ا�ة��د �ة� � او �لر ب� ةس ا �و���� ��ط�و��� �س��ا � �م��ة���� �ر� ةس �مر� س ر ة � ع �ب ب � � � بة ة ب ح��ل�� � ��� ا �لب���ا �ة�� �ود ا ب� ���� ا ���را �� �و ب� ��� �و ب� ار � ح�ا ة��ة��� �و���ة������� �و��� ح�ا ���ل ����� �م�ا �ة��د� �لب���د ا �ه� ح�ك � م � ة م ا� م ةا � ب � � � � � � ا ا ا � ب ة ة ب � � ��� �ل�� ��مرلر �م�� �م��� �ورا � ح�د �م �و�ع���� ه� �وك���ل � او � ح��� �و�م� ة���سب��� د �ل�ك ����ل �ب �ل�� �����م ���د ر ة �م � � � ب � ا ب ��م����س � ب ة � ب ���س ا �ة � � � ا � ا ة ا � ح�� ���د ا ك�� ���ل �م ب را �و� �ب�ة������س � �� ���د ب��ة��ب� ��ة��م�وا �ب� ����� ة ��د � او ا � � � � � � � ل د ل � ل��م � � � � � � م � � � ل � ب و� � م ر و بل �س � ب ب م�ب � ب � ب ب�� � ب �ب �ا ب ���د � �ه ب�ا � ا�ا �ا � ة�ا ب ب��ة��ب� � � � �� � � � � � ط س � � � � � � � � م م� ا � � � ب � د د � � � � � � ل � ك �س� م ك � � و ��� ر س س � � ة� ب ةرو ة ة� ر � و �م��� �ة� ة � � ب ��� �د � � � � ا ��ا � �ل��� �ا ا � ��ة� � �س ح�ة� ة��ة��د ب� ��ة�ر�. � بوةب ل� و ���ة� �لو ة ب � ب� ب ر ة ة ب ب� � � ب� ب ب �ة � � ب ة ��� � ب��� ب �س��د �� ا ب�ر ا �ة� �مر� ��ا ة���س ا�ام�د ل���ور� ��ة� �م�دة���� �س��ا � د �ل��ك ا �����اة �و � �و�مس ب�ل���د ك��ل ج � ب � ��ب � �ب � ب ���ة������� �ع �ة��سم�� �م��ة������� �و������ا �ب�ا �ة�مو بر ب� ����ة�ر ب��م�ة��د ا ر ة�ب��� �ب��هرة���س �م�و ب � �ود ��ة������� ا �ل���د ر�ة� �و �هة� ا ب � �� ب بب �� � ا��ة ة ر��ة�ر� �و�ه�و �مرك� ب� ��ة� ���ل�و �م� د ��� ��� �ة��� �و�ه�و �مرك� ب� ���ة� ا بر�ل� �ع� او �مة��د �و��سم� كة����� �����د ا ر � ع � ا �ب � ة � ا� � �ا ب � �ا ب ا �� ���� �م ب ا ��ل � ا � � ل � ����ب��ر ا �ل��� � و ح�� �ل �م�د �ل��ة��ةس ا ��ة� ب �� �وة�� �و�م�د �ل� �ة� �و��م ��ط�� ب��ة�� س ��د�ة��د �و����� ب� ر ��ل ا � ا �� ب � �ة ة ب �ب � ب ��ب ح�� �ب�ة�����س � ح�� �ل � �وب� بل � حب �� او 1ا � ب ا �������ل ا �����ة������� � او د ا را د � او �ة��د ��مو� ب�ل��ر�م ا ل ��ة� �ع��مر ر ب� ل ح��د ح�ة� � ة � ة ب �ة ا �� ب � �� � ة � ب ح�� ب ب ة� ��� ا �ة� � حب��� ا � ب��ا �ة�مور �و� ةس ب��ة��ة��د �� ا � ب��ا ��مور ب��ة����ة�ر �ل�� � ����� ل��� ���د ا �ور��� ب�� ��وه�م ا ����ل � ل بة ب ة ب ا ب �ة � ا �ب � � ط ا ب ب �س ح��ا � ����ة���� ب��ة��� ا �� �م����ا ب��� ��سس� ا ة �� ع ���� ��� � �و���د ا �م� ب��ة����د � ا �ل� �ة� ا�م�دة����� �مس ب ة ب�س � بو �ل ر ة� ب � � � � ب� ا � ب��ا د ر �ل�ا ب� ح��ل �م�و ة� �م��ل�ك ا �و ا �م�ة�ر ا �و ل��ردة�� ب��ا �ل �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك. ب � � � ة ��ب ب �ب � � � ب بب � ���ل �وك�� ���ل �هة� ك� ���ا ���م�ا �ب�� ب �هة� ك� ���ل ب� � �و���د � ا �����ة������ م�و ب � م��د ر ��ة������� ر��ة�ر� �و ��ة� �ود �ة� ةس ب � � �سس����ة ا ب� �ل او ب� �وك�� ا �� �لو��م ���ط�هة� ك� ���ل �ب�ا ب� ب����ب ��ب��د ���� ���اة� �م بس � �� او � ���ل ب� ةس �و�����ا � ����ة�ر ب� � � � ح ل � ب ب و ة ة� ةج � � ب ة جب ب � � ا �ه �م ا ��لب� � � ا �ب��هر��� �وك�� � ا ���ل ���اة� �ب �لة��د ر �م�دة�� ب��� � � � ح��ل ب� ا ب�ل� �وا �ة� �و���د م� �ة� ب�� �� �ل�� ��� ر ة� ةس ج ة ا ��ل ا � � ا ب �م�د �� ب �ة � � � �ة�د �م�د �� ب �ة ا ��م ��� ب �� � ��سس� � ا ة � ا ب �� �ة ا �ة ا ة ���ب � ����و ب� � ة �� ب��هرة��س بل� ر ة �� ب �� ��ول و بع مر � �ل� � ��� � � �ر ج � � � � � � ����ا ��� ��ل��ل ���د ا ��ل����� � ا ��ل�� بد �� �م � �� �� ���� ا ����ب�������� ل� د �� ب��ا �ل �م ����� �م ب �ع ب��د ��س��د �ب�ا ا ���ا ��ا � س ة ر و ة رو س �ة� ل ة ر ة ب ة ر ل س پپ أ 1ال��ص�ل :ف��صت����� ف����� حوا.
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Chapter Nine
“In your country, would they really beat up someone just for begging?” I asked him. “Even a man like that, without a leg, who can’t work? How is that allowed?” “That man deserves it,” he replied. “After all, the king—may God save him— takes care of war invalids and pays them a pension. Anything they need, they get free of charge, so they have no excuse to beg. It’s a slap in the king’s face!” I asked to hear more.
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“There’s a big hospital,” I was told, “for invalids and crippled soldiers, built by the king. They have physicians, surgeons, a chapel, and priests to receive confessions. Lunch and dinner are prepared every day, and there’s a bed for every man to sleep in, and other comforts of that sort. So, what excuse would an invalid have to go out begging? The only reason is greed! That’s why anyone caught begging is punished on the spot. And at the hospital, they make an example of beggars by stretching them out on a wooden plank and flogging them on the buttocks with a bull-pizzle whip.” Each church also has a collection chest dedicated to the hospital in its quar-
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ter. In addition to the aforementioned churches in the city of Paris, there is the Church of Notre-Dame. It is a very imposing church with a large bell, about the size of a small dome. The bell is situated at the top of a tall minaret and supported by four pillars, and is nearly a handspan thick. In the center of the bell is an iron ringer, which is attached to pulleys and ropes that dangle down to the church’s lower level. To ring the bell with any force, it takes a team of twelve men to pull on the ropes. It takes some effort to make the ringer strike the side of the bell, but when it does, it clangs loudly enough to frighten the citizens, and you can hear it from seven miles away. They only ring it on rare occasions, such as when a king, prince, cardinal, or other important figure dies. Inside Notre-Dame are eighty chapels, each the size of a small church. In the center of the church is a grand altar that can be approached from two sides. Each of the church’s seven doors opens onto a different quarter of Paris—every one of the quarters as large as the walled city of Aleppo. Be assured that this is no exaggeration. Travelers have reported that Paris is seven times as large as Istanbul; it has some streets that would take a vigorous walker a whole hour to travel from beginning to end. The head of this church is a cardinal sent by His Holiness the pope, vested with powers similar to those of a second pope over the region of France.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� � � ��ا �ب � ا ا � ا �ب �ب ا ة � ب ب ا � ب � ��� ة ب ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل ر ب� �و���� ��ط�� �����ل��ط�ا �ب�� ك�� � �پ� �پ� �� ة� �ة� ��لة�� �ر����� �وك ���ا � �ع ب��د ا � ل ح��ل ة���س�م�ا ل�ر � �س�و���ل�و ة ب� ا � � ب � ب م ب ��ل � � ب �� ا � �� � � ح��ل�ب�� ��ة� � ح��ل ب� �و�ه�و ا ��� �م بس ا ��� � او ة� ا � ل ���ردة�� ب��ا �ل ��ة� ا ب���ر �ب�ا �ة�� �م بس ا ب��مة�� �و�هو� �و ب ول�و پ ة ع ���ا ب� ���ا ب� ك� ك� حة�ة���. � � � ب ب � ة � ا ا ب�ل � �ع��د ا ب�ل ب� � � �و ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � � �� ح����د ���ل�� �� ح� ة ح����د �و�مس �� د� ا ����ل �ب��هرة���س �ب�ة�رة �و م � � ا ��ب ام ��ب � ا � � �ب � �ب ل ل � � � � ا � � � � � �م ار ة� �مر�ة ا �ل�ا�و��ل�� � � � � � ل ا � � ه � � ا ا د ل ��د� � � �د � � د د ح� � � � ه �� � �� م م ل ل ل ل ل �� �� � ل � � � � � � و و ة ة ب و ة و و و ة ة ة س س ة م ة م م � ���ا�� ب ا بب � ة ا � ا ة ��لة � ب ا � �س � ��ل � ا ب � � �ب ا �� ���ا �ب ا �� ب� ًا س � ا � � � � � ا � � � � ا ا ا ا � � � � � � ح��ط� � و ب ��و ب� او ل�د ك� �ةس ب� ر ل��م� ���� � و ح� ة� ة ��� �و�ة�لو�م ا �ل �رة�ج بة ب �ل�و ة ة � � ب � ب ة � � ة ة � ب ح ة� ��س ك� ��� او � �� او ا �ل بر��ا ة� �ب�ا �ل بر�ه�ور �و ��ة� را ��س ك����ل ر��ا �� ب��ة��ب�� ب � �ود� �ع ب��د �ه� � �وب�ة�ر�� � ا�ام�و ب�� ���ل � ا� ا م � ب � � �� � ح����د � �� ��ة �� ��ل� ا ا ������ط��ل��� � ا ��ل��ة ا ة����� � �م�ا �� ��� �و�م� ب�������ل� ا ا �� د �ل��ك ا � ل � ط � � � � ا س � �� ب ا � ك � �م�د � ة � ة و ب ب و ر ةل و ة و ة� ل �هة� ك�ل بو ة و و � � � � � ب �� � �م ب ا � � ا ة ا �لب � ���و�عة���. ة��سب�� د ل�ك س ����ل�و � ح� � ب� � ا ب ا � �ب ة � ب � ب ا � � ب ا ة � ب ة � �ب ��ب���ا ا ���ة������� ا �ل���د ر�ة� �و�مرا �ل �ر� مس � �ود �ل��ك ا �ة ��و� ��� ر ر�ة� ح� ر� ا � �ل����ة�ر ا �ل�د �ة� ���� � � ة م ج ج ب � ��� � ب ب��م��س ا �ة ب � � ا �� ب ا � ا ��� ب �� � � ب � � � ب ةب ب ةب �ود �ة��� ا ��� ر مس �م� �ة� � ���� د �ل�ك ل �رة�ج ل���ة�� ا �ل�د ة� م�و ب � ��مو���� ة� ��ة� ا �ل ���سب��ا ك ا � �ل�رجب ة � �مة ب �ب ا ��ل � �� ��ا �ب ���� � ا� � ب ��د � ا ة ك�� � �� ���ا �� بس � 1و����سم�ا ��س �وك� ك� س � ا ا � � ا � � � �د � �� م � ��م � � � � ل�� �ل� م ك � � � � � � ل � � � � � ور و � � � و و ة ة ب ب ةس ر ة م م ع � � � � � � ��� ب � او ������لب��ا ب� ا ��ل��د�� ب� �و�ل���د �م�ا �مر� او �ةل��ل�ك ا ���� ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل �و�ةل����ل�و� ���� � او �ل��س�م�ا �م����� �و����ل ا � ل ب ب �� �ب ب � � �� ب ا � � � � ب ب ل � �� � � م ا � � ا � � س ل ل � � ���ردة���� ل� � � ا � � � ح��ل ود � �سس���� �ب�ا ��� ع��مر�� م�ود �م�ول� ب� ��� ع��مر ر ب� ح��ل ة�م� ا ل ة�سم�� ب���ة�ر� �و� ة ة ة � � � �ود ب�ة��� ب� ح����د ا �لر ب�. �م�ا �����ك ا �ل �������ا ا�ام�و ب�� ع ا ة � ا ب ا ب � ة ة � ب ب �� ��ا ب � ا ��ل � �� ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �������ا �ب ا �� ة ب���ل�م�ا �ة ب�ل� �� ة �� ا � � � س � � � � ا �� � � �د ح � � � � � � � � � � م �� ك � م�� � � ل ة � س بة ر ة� ع رة �� ر ر ب � ا ��ة � � � ب ب ة ة ة ا � ا ا ا ا ب ب ����ر� ا ب�ل � �وا ��را��مر������ �ة��� �مس ا�م� ��س � �و� ��مو� �ور�مرد �و��ة�ر ب�� ر س�م��� �و�م� ة���سب��� ب�ة��� �م بس �� � ة � � �ب ب ا ا� ب ب �� � � طب� ا ��ب ب� ���� � �ب�سم�ا ا �ب�ا �����ا ب بد ��ل��ك ������ بة� بس � � ح �� � م � � � ح�ا �ل�ه ب��د �ة� ������ل ا ا � � � � ���د م�د � ه � ح � � � � ل م و رو ب � � ر س و ة ة ة� ة � � ة ب ة �� ة �ب ب � ا ب ب � ة � ة � � ة ة ة ا � �� ��ا � � �ب ا �� ة � ا � �ب ل � � ا ا � � � � ا � � � � � � � � ا �و�� �ل �ة� ا ار ����ل ���� �ب�� ل ��ة� �مو� ة�سم�� �ل�م� ���ر� ا �ة� �ل�لك ���� ب� رة� ب ر بح� �مر ��بة� �ة ب ب � ا � ا � ا ّٰ � ب ب ��� ��ل�� ب� ة ب � ك��م �� ���م ا �ر�� ب��ة���س �م بس �ب�ة�ر ا ب��ة���س �ل� ا �ل�� ا �ل� ا لل� � او � �م ��ك ب � �� �و�م�� ��و ب� ��لة� ��� �مس ة ة ة �ل� ة �ب � ب � ���ا �ب�� �و��هة� �ل����ل� او �ل��ل�ك ا �ة�سم��. ���د � ا � ��� ب �ة بة � � ة � � ا � �ب ة � ���ا ��� �ب�ا �بك����ا �ل ب�� ������ل��م �م�ا � �ة�� � � ب��ه � � ا � � � � � � ه � � � � ح� م� ك � ���د � د � ���د ��. � ل � ل � ح ب� �و�م�ا � � � � � وب ب ة ب ة ة� ة� ة � ا� ة �ب ا �ب � ب � ة ��ا � � �م ب �ل�ة ب � ة ة �ب � � � � � � � ل � م � �س�� � او ر�و ا �ة� ب��ة��� ا ب��ة را � � او � �ل�ر��س ةل�� � �ب� ���� ب� س لك حة��ً�د ا �مر�ة� �ب� �ة� ا � ب � ج ج أ ف كا �. 1ال��ص�ل� :
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Chapter Nine
Among the cardinal’s men was one named Christofalo, who was the brother of Paulo Çelebi in Aleppo. He was one of the cardinal’s senior officers, occupying a rank higher than the others and serving as his chief steward. When I was there, it happened to be the Feast of Corpus Christi. The custom
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of the Parisians is to hold three processions of the Blessed Sacrament. The first takes place on the day of the feast itself, which is a Thursday. The second is on the Sunday, and the third is on the following Thursday. On the day of the procession, people decorate their walls, doors, and shops with their finest fabrics and adornments, and scatter flowers in the streets. At each intersection, a platform is set up in the shape of an altar. When the procession reaches the altar, they expose the Blessed Sacrament and recite some litanies, hymns, and other supplications. On the day of the grand procession from the Church of Notre-Dame, which
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passed through the quarter in which I was living, I stood at the window, watching it go by. There were more than five hundred priests and deacons, all wearing vestments of gold brocade, and carrying camphor candles and gold crucifixes. Following the priests and deacons came the cardinal himself, who stood beneath a large canopy supported by twelve poles carried by twelve men. Under the canopy, the cardinal held the ostensorium, the vessel that holds the Blessed Sacrament. As I stared at the ostensorium, I felt as though I were looking at the sun!
9.60
The sheer number of diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and other precious jewels covering it made it so dazzling that you could hardly train your gaze upon it. And yet you couldn’t look away either. As I stood there gaping in astonishment at this spectacle, my master came over to my side.19 “Read me what’s written on that canopy,” he said. I looked closer and made out some white baize letters appliquéd on darkred cloth. They read: “There is no God but God . . .” and the rest of it.20 I was shocked to see such an inscription upon the canopy. “What does it say?” my master asked.
9.61
I told him, and he was appalled. Refusing to believe it, he ordered me to go over to the neighbors’ house to get a better look at the inscription from their window. I did as he asked and scrutinized the inscription again, and found that I’d read it correctly the first time. I returned to my master to confirm my observation.
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39
� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� � � ا � �ب ب ة �� ب �ب ب �� ة � �ة � � �� ��ة��ا ��� �ب ا ��ة���ا �ك�� ��ه� ��ب� ا �ل�ا�و��ل �بر ب� ��� ��ة��� �مك� ا �مر�� �و���ر� ا �ة� ل�لك ا ك ا �ل��سب�� ب��ة��ك �م� ��� ة� � م � ب ب ر ة ة ة ة ط�س ة � ا �ة � ة � ا لس� ب �� ب ب � ا ب � ا ب � �ا ب � � �ب � او ب� حب��ر�ة�� �ب����� ا �ل��مر �و�ل� �ل�� �م� بة ل ح� ا ��مر � او �ل��ر�� �م��بس ا �ة� ا ل��و� ���ل��ط� � �ل�� ا ب�لر ب ة ةة ب � ة � ة �ب ا �ب � �م ب ��� ب ا ���ب�� �� ح�ب ���ا �ب � ب ب � ا ب �ب � ا � ح� �� �م�� � طس � � � ا � � �ة ��ب� بةلس ل �د � � � م � � ��� ا � ��� ب ة ً رة� ب ة� �م��س ا �ة� ���ل��ط� � �ل�م� �����ل��مة� � � ة� س ب ةر ب ة س � � � � ب �� ب ا � � ب � � � ب ة � � ب � ة ا ا ب ب � � � ��� دة���� �ل � او � ���ردة���� �ل ا ل�را � �م �ر�� �و���� ب��ة����ة ر �ل�ك مس ا � ا �مب���� ا ���ة� �ع��د ا � ح �ة�� ��ل�� �ب� �ل�د ة� �� ل ل � ر ة� ة م �ا ب ب � � ح ����ة�� ���س. و �ر وب ب � �ة �� � � ب � ح�ة �ب�ا ة� ا ��ل�� بد �� �����ا �عة��� ب �ب�ا � � ة � �ردة�� ب��ا �ل ���ل�م�ا د ب� ةس ��م ب� �� �م ارة� ا ل ��ة�� ة� ا �ة� � ح��ل ة� ����طب��ر� ة� � رب � ا ا ب ة بة ة � �ب ب اب � ا �� �ةل��ل� ا ��� ا � � �بك ا �� � ب ا �ل �� ��ا ب� ا �ل��دةل بس ��ة� �ب�ا ب� ا ��� �ة� ك � �م ار �ة� �م� د ا ل �رة��د ������ل� �����م �ب� � ��ة� �مرة� ���� ل�و�ة� ب ا �ب ب � ا ب �ة ب� ة � ة � � ب � ا �� � ا � با ��ل�� � ��� � ك�� �مر� ا � ل حب� ���ردة���� �ل �ك���� �ل�و��ة� �م� �ه�و ك��ل� �م��ك �و�م� د ا �ب� ر�ة��د ����ل� �����م �م� �ة� م ع � � ب � �ب ة � ��ل�� � ا �ل�ا �ل �� ����ل ك�� �م�ا � �مور ا �ة� ا � �� ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل. ح� �مر� ا � ل ح� ة م �� ب � � ا �ب�مب� � � ل � � ا � � ب � � م � � � � ا � � � � ا ا ا ا � � ا � حة�ب�ً�د ا ر�����ل�و ��ه� و ح�د مس ب � ب� ��� ب ة� ة� د � ح��ل �� �مرة� حة�� ��ل ة ة � ب ة � �ب ة � ب ب� � ة ح��د �م بس ا �لب����ل�م�ا ب� �ود ��� ��� ا ر�و� ������ ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� ا ��ة� � او � �مر� ا � ل ح� ة ج ب ب ب ب ب � � � ب ح��ل ب� ا �� � �ا � ��ة�� ة� ������ �������د �ب�ا ا ��� � ك� �ر� ���ل�م�ا د ب� ح��ل ة� را ��ة ة� ر ب� ��م ب� م�� � ��� ��ة� ��د � �ة� ة� ب ح��ل ة � ا� �� ��� ب�ة��ب �� �ب ّ �ل�و ب� ا ب�� ة� �و�م بس ا �ة� �ب�ل�� د ب��ا ب� � �و����ا �ل ب��� �م بس ة��� حب�ة��� � �� ب� ب� �م� ة ح� �ل��س ����ة� لر �ة� �ر س �ة ة � � ب � ب ة ب ب � �م بس ا �ة� ���ط�ا �ة�لب��� ا �ب�ا �م بس �ب�ل�� د ����ور�ة�ا �م بس �م�دة�� ب��� � ح��ل ب� �ك����ا �ل��ة� ب�ل��ل����ا � ا �ل��ر�ة� ا � �ل��ة��� ب � ب �ب ا � ة � ا �ب ا �م ب �� ا � �ب �ة ا�ا� ا �ب � ب� �ة ا ��ل ��� � �ب ا ل ب � �� � اج �ة � ب ّ ة ة ح ب� ��ة� ��مو�ة� ���ل�و� � بحب��� � س �ط� ةل�� م�و ر� ����ة� ����ل م� �ة� ب س ب�ل د ة� �و ���� ر ��� ب ة با ب ة ب ا ا ب ا �� ب ة ا ً� ة �ب ب ب ة � ة � � ا ا �س��د �ة� �������ة� ا �� �مس ب��ة��� ر�م� ر�ة� � او ��ة� ���ة�ر �و���� ل��ة� �� �ة�ل� ����ل ب�����ر�ة� �����ل� �ل�� �ل� �ة� � ة � ب �� ب ا ��� ب ا �� ب ا ا ���� ا ��س�م�� ��ا � �� �ل � � ب � ا ب �� ب وو پ ا ����ب ة ر ح�لب��ة� � او ��ة� ا �ل��ر ا س�م�� �ة �لو�� ��� � او ب���ر�� ك��ل�� ا س�م�� ر�م� ر�ة� �و�ه�و � �ب �ب � ب ب � �ة � ح�� ��ا � ��ل� ب� � �� �ب�ا ب� �� ��و�ل �ة�ا ���� ب �ع ب��د ا �ل�ا ب ��ل حب�ة��� ا �ب�ا ب�ل��ر�� �� �وا ب� ب و و �و�ة����ل ا � �ل��د ��س �ة� ا ��م �� ب ح�ل�ب�ة� س � ة � � ب ب ا ب ح��ل � ا ��س�م� �م ����ه �ع ب��د ا ب ��ل � ��مة�� ��ب� � ح��� بس ا ����ة�� ة� � او �ل���سم����. حة��� �ة �لو�� ��� ��ة� � ب� و � �م � �ور �و ع ة � ً � ب � � � ب ب ح��ل ��� � او � ا ب� ح��د �و�ل��ك ا ��ة� ���ا �ه ب��ا �ل�ا ��ة� راة��ة���ك �م بس ا �ل ���سب��ا ك د ا ب� ح�ة�را ����ا �ل ��ة� �م�ا ���ب�� ب� د �� ع � � ا �� �م � ب ة �� � �م ب ا ��ل ح�� �ع ب��د� ة�� ا �ب�ا � �لة� ب ��ة���ل�ك ��ةه ��� ح�ا ب� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل ����ل �ل��ك � �مر� �� ب� ا ة� ���ل ح � ا � � ل � � � ب � س ب � � ة� ة� ٰ � �� � ّ ب � � ة ة � � ���ب � � �� � � ل � ا �ط�ل� � �م ار د ك ������لة��� ا د ا � ا لل� �ب �ل��ا ك �ة�ا � ة � � ا � � ا � � � ل �س��د ة� م� ة� ح� بح� س ��هة� ك�ل م برة��د �� ���ة� م ��� � �ة � ا � ب ��ا ب� ة �� ب ا � � �ب ة � ب ب ب ا ا ا ا ا ح�د� � ح� بل ��� �م� �ه�و ا ك� ��� ���ردة���� �ل �و�م� ا � �ردة�� ب��ا �ل � ب� ���ل� �م ��� �ل��ة� ا �� ك�� حة�� ا � ل �مر� ا � ل ح� ة ة ب �� ب ب ب � ب ب��ة��د � ح��ل ل�ه��د� ب�ل���ة�ر ا د �ة�. 40
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Chapter Nine
“I can’t be mistaken, because the cloth is red and the letters are in white baize,” I said. “How could I be wrong?” Convinced, my master ordered me to go visit the cardinal and relate to him what I’d seen. “The cardinal is certain to treat you most honorably for this service,” my master said, “and will also reward you with some money.” I waited until two o’clock in the afternoon and went to the cardinal’s palace.
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“What is your business?” the gatekeepers asked me. I explained that I had a message for His Holiness the cardinal. “What is your message?” they asked. “I’ve been ordered to convey it to His Holiness alone.” A gatekeeper was delegated to accompany me into the palace to the cardinal’s quarters. There, a servant boy invited me to follow him. We climbed to a higher floor and entered a room, where I saw an imposing man sitting on a chair. “Who are you, and what country are you from?” he asked, scrutinizing me. “I’m from Syria,” I replied. “The city of Aleppo.” “To which community do you belong?” he asked me—in refined Arabic! “I’m from the Maronite community,” I replied. “Greetings, countryman!” he proclaimed, welcoming me with great warmth. “Do you know who I am?” “No, sir.” “I belong to the Zamāriyā family.21 My older brother’s name is Paulo Çelebi, and I have another brother named Yūsuf. The head of the family is Zamāriyā, the procurator of Jerusalem in Istanbul, where he lives with the ambassador.” “I know khawājah Paulo Çelebi and his brother Yūsuf of Aleppo!” I said. “Everyone does. They have a fine reputation.” “What brings you here?” he asked. “I spotted you from my window as you were coming in with one of the chamberlains to see His Holiness the cardinal. Do you have any business with him? If you tell me what it is, I’ll take care of it for you.” “God save you, sir! There’s nothing I need myself, but I have a message for His Holiness.” “And what’s the message? I’m his steward, and no one may see him without my permission.”
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9.63
� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�� � � ة ب ة ب � � ا � ب ب ب ة ب ة � � ة � ���ا ��� ب���ل�م�ا � � ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ����ل ك��ل� � ا �ل��ر�م� ا �ة� ا � �� ح�� �ل�� �ب� �ل��د �ة� ��� �م �ر�� �مس �ل�لك ا ��� ب ة ةم � ّ � ب �� ب �� ب���ة���لة � � �ب ب � ة �� �� � ط ا � س ه � � � � � ا � ل ا ا ل � ه � � � � � � � � ح ���د ���د � د � ة� ��س�م� �م��ة� ����ل ك��ل� �م �ب���� � او بل ب� و � ��� ب�� ر � � ل� ه� و �ة� ل ع ج م ب �� � ب � ب ة � � ب �ة � ا ة � ب � ا ب � �ة ب � ب �� �ل� ب� �م�ا ح�� �ع ب � دة�� ب��ا ��ل ا �ب�ا �بل� �ة�� � � � �� ع ع � � ح � ح ل �د �د �د ا �د � ل� � � � � � � . �م � � م � ح �� ل � � د � ك ك � � ب و ر ة ً ة� ة ل س س ر ر م �ا ب ً � � � ��ا ب ��� ����� � ط�س ح�ة�را �ب��د ب� ����ل ا �مر �و�ب����ا ر ب��د �ة� �ةل���ا �ل �ل�ه ب��د �ة� � او �ب�ا ب�� ب��ب�ة���ك ا ب� ك� � ا � �ل� .ا � ��� ح��ل�ك � �ل ة� ةج م � � ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل. �ع ب��د ا � ل ب ب �ب � �ب�مب�� بد ��ل�� ا ��ب���ا �ب�م ب حب��رةل ب��� ب�ة��� ح�ابل ب��� �ب�ا � ا �ل��د �ة� ا ب� ��ة�� ة� ���ا ��ة� �ة �لو� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د� �ب�ا ب� � �ة� ك � ر ة ة م ب ا �� ب ا � �ب ب ��ل ا � �ب � � ةاب ة � ط�س حب��ر ة� �ب�� ا ���� � �مر� � � � او ب� ��� �مرا �ل ل �س��د �� ا � ل ���ردة���� �ل ��م� ا�� �ل ا ر�����ل � او ح� حب� ��س��ر�����ة�� � ة ة ة ة ج ا ب � ة � � �� ب � ب ��ا ب ب ة ب ب ح����د ب���ل�م�ا � ا �س�م��ة ا ب��ل ا �م�ا �م�� � او �م � �� ��� ة بح�� �ل�لك ا بل � � ار ب� � ح� ا �ل��دةل بس ك�� � �ل او ��مو�� ة ح� �ب����م � ار � او ب ر ب ةب ة� � ة � �ب� � ا ب � �ب ا �� � ب ة � ���د � ا ��ل ا � �ب ��ور�� . ���ا �ب��ة ا�ام�د ل�� ��� �ردة�� ب��ا �ل �ل��د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� ح��ل �م� �ل��لك ا � ��� �مر� ا � ل حة�ب�ً�د ���� ل ح� ح� ب�ر ب ب ب ب ة �ا ب � ا ��ل ا � �ب ة �ب ح�ا �ب�� �ة�ا � ب��ا ب� ح� ��د �م �و�� بس ب��ة��ا ر�� ا �ل����د ا ا�ام���ا ر�ب�� �م�و� � �س��د �ة� ���د ب�ر ب ��و���ةس ��ة� ة ب ب ب � � ة ا �ب �ب ��لب � � �س � � ب ً � � ة � ب ا ��ل ب ���ل�ل ة� � � ار ��� ا �ل ل ��� ا ��ل�� ا �ة�م� ح� ��س��ر�����ة�� ب ة� �م ار �ة��ل� ة������ ��ط ����ة� ةس�م�� ��� ار ب� �مس م � ا ة ب �� ب ا � ا ب � �ة � �ب ��ل � ا ��ل�ا ��م �� ط ��ا� . ���ردة���� �ل �ب� � ة ر �موه� �ة� ا حة�ب�ً�د ا �مر ا � ل ��ا �ل �و���ب�� ب� �و ب�� �ود ����ل ب��ة�� ر�� ��ة� بم �ب ة � ب � ب ب ب ا ب ا� ا � ب � ب� ة �� ح��د �وا �مر� او �م��ل�وك � ار �����ا ��� ا�امب���ا ر�ب�� �ة��ا ب� ���ة������� ا �ل���د ر�ة� ا�ام�د ل���ور� �ه�و � �م� ك ���ا � �ة� �� ة� ب � ب � ة ة � �ب��� � � ا� � ب� � ب��ة��ا ر����� � �وة�ب� ح��ل ا � ة��د ل��ر� � �وة�����ل� او ����ل�و� ا �ل ���س ل ��ر �و���د ا �ه�و ا �ل���ب�� ب� �����و��هم ��ة� ا ���� ة ���� �ل� ب م � ب ب ب � �� ��� � �ة � ا � �ة ا � ب � ا ب � �ة ب � �ردة�� ب��ا ��ل � او ��ط��ل�ة�ب�� ب�ل���د ا �ب�� ��� ���ل�م�ا �ر �م بس ك��ل م� �� م� بل�� ب��ة��لر �ب� ��ك ��د � ح��ل ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ا � ل � ة م ةً ب ع ب ب ا �و���ا ��ة� �ب�ا � ا ر�ور� د ا ة��م�ا. ب � ّٰ �ب ب � ا � د �م�ا � ة ����ة�ر ة���س�م�ا ا �وة����� د �و د ��� ا �ع�� �هة� ك� �س��ا ب� ب� ���ل ا لل� �و ��ة� ���ةج� ����ل ��ة������� �م�و ب��و ر ةل ة ة� ب ب � ب � �ة � � ب ة ��ا ب �ب ب ���ا ب� �م ب ب��ة�ر � ��ل�ا�ب�� ب��ة��ةهب��� �� ك� ����ل �م بس ا را د �ة��د � ل ح��س �����ة�ر ك�� � ا �وع��ة� ح��ل ا �ة��� �و�مس ا ة� �م�ل�� ك� س ة �� �ب � ب � � � ب ا � ا� � � ا ةا ب ب ا ب ل ب � ا ا � ب ح�د ����و�� �ل����مر ا �ل� � � ا �و ر ب� حب�� �ل .ا��م ار د ب��ة��هب���ل ب �مة�� ���� � ح���س �� ��ط� �م ����ل م� ر��س�� � ة ًع ة� ج � � � � ب ب � � � � � ��� ا �ل� ب � م��ا ب� بة�بس � او ��بل � ���ة�� ا�ام�و ب� �ود ب�ة��� ا �و�ل�ا �ام�ا ب��ة��ةهب���ل ا�ا�م �ر�ب�� ا ���� ���د ا ا�ا ك� ���د ��ة� ا �ب��ا ب� ب� ح�ا �ل��س ر ب� � ر ة ح��ل ة سة م���ل�ب ���لم� � � � � ة ���دا � � ا �ة��ب �� ب ��ب � ���� �م ب ا ��ب � ���د �مة��� ب�������ا ��ل بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م ���ب ا ل ل � � � � � � � � � ل ة رة س �ل � ك� � ة�� ة��ب�� وو ر و �و س م و ةس � ً � ب �ه�و �عر�� ب� ا � �م بس ا ����ل ا�ام�دة�� ب��� � او ة� ��� ب�ل��لب� �م بس ا �ل�ع�مر �و����ل ������ �ور�ة��ة ���ع�م�ودة��ة��� ���ا ب��ة��ا ة�����ا ��ل�� س م ة ع ا ا � ب �ة ب �ل� ب ا ب ب ح��ر� ا�ا��م ��ب�� ب ب� � � ���س�� ا �و �م بس ب��ة�ر �م��ل�� �ب����د �م�ا ب��ة� � �حج�مة�� �م� ���� �ل�� �ع��� ب��ة� ك ��� ب� � ����ل ا ��� �م�� ة و ب ر س ة ة � � ب ب ب� �ة عب� ا ا ا �م ا�ا� ب � � �ود ��ة� ب� �ر��د� ������ل�ة��� �م�� ��و ب� � ا ���سم�� � بو��ة��ا رج� د �ل��ك ا �ة ��و�م �و�م�و ب � � ة��� ���� �ة� � 1مر ة� ة أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا ������ص�ا مت�.
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Chapter Nine
I felt compelled to tell him about the inscription I’d seen. When I did, he
9.64
was astonished. “Is this really true?” he demanded, repeating the question over and again. “Yes sir! Your Excellency can see it for yourself,” I replied. “There’s no need for you to see the cardinal,” he replied. “Let me look into the matter myself. Come back and see me tomorrow, and I’ll let you know if you were right about what you saw. Then we can go see the cardinal.” The rest of the day passed without incident. The next day, I went back.
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“What you told me was true!” he said. “I went to tell His Holiness about your message. Right away he called for the sacristan and ordered him to bring the cloths that were draped over the canopy of the Blessed Sacrament.” Now, when the sacristan brought the cloths and they saw the inscription written upon them, the cardinal demanded that the sacristan explain where the cloths had come from. “Your Holiness, these are antique banners taken from our enemies in the Maghreb,” said the sacristan. “They were deposited in the storeroom of the sacristy. I used them to cover the top of the canopy to keep it from being smudged by the dirt falling from the rooftops.” The cardinal ordered them to burn the cloths right away. But why were the banners in the Church of Notre-Dame in the first place? The reason was that when the French kings would win a war against the Maghrebis, they would take their banners and display them in the church as a memorial, offering prayers of thanksgiving. “There’s no longer any need for you to see the cardinal,” the steward said after he finished recounting what had happened. He insisted that I come back to visit him regularly, and sent me on my way. In the quarter of the Church of Notre-Dame, there is a large hospital named Hôtel de Dieu, which means “Altar of God.”22 It was so called because it admitted all who came to it, no matter what community they belonged to, no questions asked, whether they were poor or rich or just a simple laborer. In other words, it accepted all people on an equal basis. I shall now describe the excellent organization of this hospital and the wonderful care it provided. First, when an invalid arrives at the hospital, he encounters a man of dignified bearing seated at the door, surrounded by servants at his beck and call.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب ً � � ب ة ة �ودةل بس ة�� ب��و�� �ع بس ا �ل�ب� �و��م��س�م�ا �ة�� � او �وة��ا ة� �ب�� بر�ة��د �م�ا ب����ب ��ة���س د ا ة��م�ا � � 1وب�ة�ر�����ل�� ��� ا � ح��د مو ب�� ا�ا � بع ب ا��ا ب ب ا �س � � ب � ���� ���ع�م��ل�� ب ���� ب ح��ل���ا � ةس ا ���ةرا �ب� �ة���ة���ح��ل�م�� ح��ل ا� ك� ���ة������� �ود ا ب� ب� م�� � �و�ه�� ك بة ب��د ح��دا �م�� ا �ة� د ا � � � ��� ب ح��د �م بس ا ����� ���� �و��ة��د ب� ح��ل�� ا ��ة� �ة�ل��ة��ة��� � �و�ة��ب�ب����� ���� ا �ل�ا���ةرا �ب� �� ب��ة���ر�ب�� ا ���ة ا �ب ��� � � او � ب ب ة� ر� م م � � � �� ��ا ����� � ���� ا ��ل ح��د ا ��� �ع ب��د ا ��ل � ح�ة� ل ا � بو�ل���د� ب��ة��� �� ���ل�� � بو��ة� ��ط��ل�ة��� ��� � او � ����. ةر ء �م�ا �ه�و �مر ب� ح��ة ب ة� ة ة ة م ة � ب � ��ل� ا ���ع � � � �� ا� حة ح��د �م ب ا ��ل ب�����د �م�ا ب��ةب�� � دل ب ح ة� ���د� � � ه � ح� � ل � � � � � � � ا �� � ا ا � � � � �� � � �د � � ح� � � م � � ح � م ط ك � � � � � � � م ب و ب ة � ب ة ة ة� ووس س ةم ب ة ة � �ب �ة � � � ا � ا� � ب� ا � ب ب � � ا� ب� � ا ب �ب � ب ة��ة�����ل�م� ا ا �ل � �� ح�م�� � بو��ة��ا �مر� �ب�ا � �ة��د ��� �ة� ل�لك ا �ل���� �ل�� ا�م�و ب � ��� مس د �ل�ك ا��مر�س �ل�� �ة� �ود ة� و ا� ب � � ا� ب ة � ا ح �� �� ��ب ب ة � � ب ة � � ة ة ا ا ب م � � � � � � د �ل�ك ا� ك� م�� � �م�و ب � �ود ���� �ل�� �س��ة� ا ع��ة� ر� او �� � �وك��ل ر� او � �م � ���م ���و س ب�مر س ة � �ب ��ب� ة ا ��لة بس ة �ة ب ة � ب ب ب � �ة�� �م��ل�ل�� ب �و� ا ��مر �و �� ��� � �ود ا ب� ح� �م�� ��و ب� ةس ب ب�� ح��ل ����ل ر� او �� ����� ا ��������ةس ��و ب ة ج ة � ة ب ب ح��د �� ا ������ب��� ب ���ة��د ا �م�ا ��ة��� ب ة�ب ر �� �ب�ا �ر�� �ب�ة� بر ا ب��ة�ب��س ���دد �ل�ا ب��ة�ر �ب�ة����س�م�ا ���مر� � ب�و�ة�� ب��و ب� ح ة� � � ر ة ةس ةس ة� م�ب � ا� ا ��س ا�ا� ب �� ة � �� �� ا ��س� ة��د� � ����ة��ة �� ا �ه � � � � � � �� � � � ا � � � ك ك � ا ل � �د �د ���د ل � � � � � �م � � � �� ل ل � � �� � � � � � ر �و �ة� ة ل �ة� م ة س بوة م ل ة وم ب ر س �ة� م ر �ة� � ب ب � � ة �ودةل بس ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �لر� او ��. مو ب�� ا�ا � ب �� ب ا �ب ���دد� �بكب�ة���ة�����ل�م�� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �� �ة�سم�ا ك� � ح��ل�� ا ��� �ة�ا ��� � او ������� ح�� ب���ل�ب�ر ب� �ة�� �و��ة��د ب� � � � ح � � ة ة ب ب � ا � م ب � ا ة ا� ا ة ب ب � ب � اع ة ا ة �ع ب �� �ة � � �وا ���ل ��ط�ا �ة�� د ا � �ود ا � ح�ل��� ب��ة �� �و� � ا ��� �ط�و� �وك� ح�ل��� �ب��د �ل�� �مس �ب��د �ل�� ا�م� ر� �س��ا � �ب�ة��������ل� ة � � ب � � ب� ة �����و���ا ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �����ط�ا �ة�� �مر� او ���ة��ا �ب�� � بو��ة�ب� د �ل��ك ا�ا�م �ر�ب��س ���ة��ا �ب�� � بو��ة���لب������و� �ل��ل�ك ا �ب��د �ل�� � بو��ة�� ة ة ��ة �� ا ا ��س� بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م ��ب�� ��� ا ������ط�ا �ة�� � ���ب �ل���� �����ا ��� � ��مب�� ����� ��� � بو���ة ك ح�ةة� ا �ب�� ب�ل���د �م�ا � � � �� ب و رة س ة� ة �ة� ة لب ��س ة ب ةو �ة� ب ل م م ب ح��د ل ب �ب��� ل ا ب ���د �ة�ا � ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا�ا�م�ا � ة �س��ا ب� �م�ا بةلس�م�� ةر�ور ا � � او د ا را د � او � ح��د �م بس ا ����ل�� ا �و ا � ةر � ب�ل���ة�ر ر ة� � ة � � ب � � �� ��ا ����� � .ب ا � ة � ا �� ���ب� ��� د ب���ةر ا ��ل �� � �� � ا �ب�� �ة ك حة��ً�د ب��ة��د �ل�� �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ل�� ا �م���ة� ا ��ة� ���� �ل�� ا ���� ���� ا �و ح��ة ب ة� � ة م � ب ب ��ة بب � �ة�� � ا ��لةب�س ب ة ا ��ل ار �ل���� ا �وا ��بل ����ك �ه ب��ا ك ��ا �م����� � او ��� �مرا �ل���دد ا � �ل��ل�� ��ة� ا�ام�� ��و ب� ����� للك � �و ة� ���ر�ة� �م �رة� ب� ب ة ة �ب ب � � � � ب ب� ب ب ة ب ة ة ة � � � � ا ا ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل���دد �و مس ��ة ر ���د ا ا د ا ا � � �س��� � ��ل� ��� ا �ة� � �ة�ل�����س �م� ب��ة����د ر ل ا ةر �. � م م ً ح�ا �و�م����ا ءً �وك�� ���ل ����ا ��ل�� �م�وك�� �و ��ب� ك�� ��� ا �ل�اد � �و�� ح�� ���ل � �ة�� ب��ة ب���ر�ة� ���ل ����ا � ���ل �ة �لو� ب�ل���د � ة� ب ة ة م � م � ب ًا � � م ا� ا ب ة ا� ا ب �ة � ة ب � � ا � �لة��د ا ��س ب��ة���ر��م او ���ل ���ور�ب�� � او �ة�� ��� ا �ل�د ��ر � او�م���� ء � ار��ة� �م� ب��ة���ر �م او ا �ل � ��� ا �ل � ة� ���ور�ب�� �و�ه�و م ا � ا ا � � ا � ب ًا �� ا �ب � � ا �ب � �ل ا � ب �ة ا ب � � ب � � � �ب �ة ب ا � � � � د � � � � � � �د � � ح� �� �س� � � � � � � � � � ا �ب���� �و � ع ع ة�� �� ة� ر و � ح��� و و ة � و� ����ةس ح�ل� �مو� بر و � ب ب م � ب �ة � � � �� �� �ة ��ا ا ة � ب �ة � ��� �� � ا ب ب � � ا ب � ل � � � � � � � ا � �� � � ا ���ور�ب�� � ب�و�ة�� ب��ا �و�ل�وا دا ل ل م م ��س� � ك ح � � � ب� س لك � ط�وةل�ل ود ل� ��� ك� ���� � س ردةل�ل و � م ب � ب � � ��ب ً � � ب ا � � � ب ��ل��ل�م ب� � ة ب ة ���ا ���ة�ر �م بس �����ا ا �ل� ك���ا لبر ب� ح��ل�و��س �ع ب��د �ه� او ا �ة� ا �را �ل����ا �ل�� �وك�� ة� ا ر�ة� ا �ة�� ���� ح�ة� �ة��� � ر ح د ف� � ��� ه ...د ا �ًم�ا » ف� �ه�ا � ش � ص��س ا ����� فص�ه��� ح��ت. ت ت� « 1و�صو ف و ت� ف رت
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Chapter Nine
He asks the invalid if he is a foreigner or a native of the city, how old he is, and whether he has a baptismal certificate with him. Next, he asks whether the invalid is a Christian or belongs to a different religion. Once he has answered all the questions, the man registers his name and the date on a ledger hanging on the wall, which contains a list of all 1,500 patients in the hospital at the time, a figure that fluctuates. He then admits the invalid, accompanied by one of his servants, into the building. There, the patient comes upon a chapel with priests taking confession. One of the priests receives him, brings him into his cell, and prepares him for confession. After hearing his general confession, the priest absolves him of his sins and sends him to see the chief doctor to be diagnosed. Following the examination, the patient is handed off to one of the appren-
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tice doctors supervised by the chief doctor, with an order to move the patient into the ward reserved for people with the same illness. There are many wards in the building, by which I mean halls, each one dedicated to a specific illness. On either side of a given gallery, there are beds covered with red broadcloth. A unique number—which they call numéro—is appliquéd in white cloth at the foot of every bed. There are about two hundred beds on the two sides of the ward, and at the back is an altar dedicated to a saint. Each day, a morning mass is held for the ward’s patients. As I was saying, when the doctor takes charge of his new patient, he brings
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him into a large room containing many cubbyholes, or lockers. Each contains a hospital gown. They have the patient change out of his clothes, which he places in a locker, and into a gown. The patient’s name is written on the locker so he can find his clothes again once he has recovered from his illness and is about to leave the hospital. And whenever someone wishes to visit a relative or friend in the hospital, he first has to check the chief doctor’s ledger. “Go to the third or fourth or fifth hall,” they tell him. “Search for bed number such and such, and you’ll find your patient there.” In the absence of such a system, one could spend three days searching the hospital for a person without finding them! In each hall, a doctor is designated to distribute medicines to the patients every morning and evening. Following mass each morning, the patients are served soup, and again at lunch and dinner. I witnessed a soup service.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � ب ا� ب � � �� �ةل��ل�ك ا�ا��م ب��� ب � بس � ���م ����ة� ��د � �مو�ه�م � �وب�ة�������ل�و��هم � او د ا ا��م �رة���س ��ط��ل ب� �م � ر ة� ة رو س � ب � � � ب ����� د �ل��ك ا �ل����� ��� � ح��دا �م��� . ة م م ا ة � � ب ع ب � بة�� � ة ة ة �� ب �ب�س��ل����� ح� ب� ����� ا د ا ا�ا�م �ر�ب��س را د �ة�ل� ب���� � ��ةس���� ���لك ا �ل�� �ورا ��ة ة� ب�ل��� ح�� ا ����ب ة ة م ب ة ة ب �ا � ح��دا �م�ا ة� �م�ا �ب��ر�ة��د ا � �ود �������ا ا بر�ل� ��م��س ب� ح��د �مب�� �و��م���ة� �ب�ا �ل��ب�ا ب��ة���ب��� �و��� ا �ب�� �م�و ب�� � � �م ع ع ب ���د � ا�ا�م� ة ���د � بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م ��ب�� ب���ر��ه ب����د���ا ب��ة��ة� ب��� �م�ا ة� ة ح��ا ب� ا ��ة��� �م ب ا ��بل �ر� � او �لر� او ة� �� �سم ل ة � ة ة س � ر س ة ة م م ج ة �ج ً � ب ب ة � � ب ب ب ���� � ���ا ا د ا � او � ح��د �م بس ����ل �مر ب� ح ��ط ��ة� ا �ل��را � او ���مر�� ���� ا�ام�و ة� ا�ام ب��� ب��� �ورا ��ة ة� ا �ة� ب� ع ب � � بة � ��ا ب � � �م���س ة � م�ا �� �ة �ب ��ا ��ل بة��س ح�ة�ر� �وك�� �ب��مب ا ��ل ���� ���ل �م بس �مر�م بس د �ل��ك ا�ا ك� ��� ا �ل�ا ب� �� � ب ة� حب� �� �مر� او �ل�� ك�� ��س ةل�� �� ة ة� � � ا� ة � � ب ب ة ب ا ة ب ب � � ب ة ا ا ة � � � � � � ح�ل�� � او د ا �م� � بة بس م�� ��� �وةب �م��ل�و� ا ��� ا�م��ب��ر� ا ل ��� �ه� �ر��ب��� ���ر�و� �� � ك� �مر �ل� ب� ب������� � ������ ة ة ة ة ة ة ب�ة �� بوة � بع � �م بس د �ل��ك ا�ا ك� م��ا �. � ة ب ة ب ��� ب ح��ل ا ��ة��� ب��ة�ر ا ����� ���� �س��ا � ا ب�ر �ل��ل ب������ا �م�ا ا � �و�م بس ب� ح��د ب��ة��د ب� �س��ا � �مر� ح�ا ب�� ب� ����ل �مر� � ةا ب � �ب ب �ا ب � ا ��ل � ح� ح�ا ��ل ا�ام�د �ل� ��� ء �ل�ا ب��ة�ر �و�ه�و �ب ب� ���ط�ة�ر �مر��س�� � ا � ��ور �و ��� ا ����ب���ل ����ل � ك� � ل ك � م م�� � دلةر و ب ر ة � � ة ب ب ا ة � ة � ب ا ا ا ا ب ب ة ح�� � � ح��سة���ل ���ة�� ب� را �هب�� � �م�و ب�� �ود �ة��� � ����د ا ر �م�ة�����ةس ا �و ��ل� �م� �ة�� را �هب��� �م��د �ورةلس �ل� ب� ل ً ب � ة ب � ب� � ب ا ب � � �ة ا�ا� ب� � ب ح� �ع � � ا� ح�ب��� � � حب� ر �ه �و مس ب� ���ا �ل�ا� ح�� � ةل ������ � ا ��� حة��ا ��ط�� �� ح� �� ب� ا �ل��دلةر �مر ��ة� و � ب ةو ب � م و ر ة � م و ة � ب �ل ةب ة � م و � م ب ب � ة ب ب ة ب � �م ����� بة�س � ح�ا ر�ة� �ب��هر ب���ة�ر ا �ل��د �ة� �ه�و ب� ب� ح�ا ر�ة� �م بس �و��م ��ط �م�د �� ب��� ��ه ل � ا � �ل����� ��� ح�����ل� او ة ب � رةر و ة ر ر م � ا � ا�ا� �ب �و ب �مر ���. � ة ةج ً � ب � � ب ب � ب � ا ب � م��ا �م�ب ح��ل� �� ا �� ب� ا ب � ح�� ���� �م�ا � ة با ة � ب �س��ا � �و�ه�و �ل� ب� �ة� د ا � ل ل ر ��� �عس � ك� � � � او � و ة� ة ح��ل ا �لب��� � ا �ل�دةلس � � � ة � ب ب �� ب �� ��� ا �ل طهر � �ة�لور ���ط� او ��ب� ب� � ح �� �� ة� ا �ل��د���س �و�ب���ل �م�ا ب��ة ب� �� ل��م ا �ة� د �ل�ك � حب���ل �ب�ة�ر�����ل�و�ه�م ا ���� � ة� ة ة م �س�ة � ب���� ة � ب ا �� � ب ا �ة ب �ة � � ا �� ب ب ب ب �ب ب ة � ب � ا�ا ك� م��ا � �مس ��ة�ر ا � ة�ل��ر�� � ح�د ب ة�سم� او �ه�� ك ا �ة� � ��� ا � ح�ةس �م� �لو� ��� ل�لك ب���� ة� م � ا �� ع �� ح ب�� ب � ����� ��� � ��ل��ل ب��� ا ة � ��� ���ط��ل�ة ح�� ب ح ب��� ب ل ح��د � او �مب � ا ��ل � � ا � � ا �� �� ا � �بكب�ة��ا ب� � � � � � � � � �م � � � � ل ل � � � � بو ة و ب ة � و ب ةس ب ةرب و ة� ةس ��� ا ب� �ةس بو ة ط�و ر �ا ا � ب ا ب ب ��� � � ة ��ة�� � ��ا ��� ب �م�ا ب��ة�� ��ب��ر ب��ة�ب� �����و� �ع��د �ل��م ح�ة� ة �ل��م ك�� ر �و���ة�ر �مس ����ل ا �و�ل�د ��� ر� او �����ل�م��ةس �م� ��رةلس ة � �مب��� ا �ة�لة�� ا ا �� �م ا ��ة� ����ا �م��� � �مب�� ���ا � ا �م�د ل ل ب � �مب ��� د ب� � � ح��ل� او ا �ل�د �ة �لور� �ولر ب �ه �� او و � م ر و ة� ر ب ة و � �م رو برة س و � م ا ة ب ا ب د������ةس. �و��� ر �م����م ر�و���� �و�� ة � �ة ا ة ب � ب ��بل � ا ��� ب � � ب ة �ة �و���د ا �ه�و ا ��ة ر ل � �م بس ����ل �م� ر� �س��ا � ا�امب��ا رك � او � ب�ل��ة��ة�ر ���ب�� ة� ا � �ل���لة���ل1 � ���ة�� ا �ل��د �ة� ب��ة�� ب��ب� ��� � ب ب م ج � � م��ا ب� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ة����سم�ا �ب�ا � ب�ل� �رب����ا �و�ة� ا �وة��ة���ل د� د �ة�� �م �ةر�� �و��س�م�هة��� �ع بس ����ل � ك� �م بس ا ������ة�ر ا �ل��د �ة� ��ب� ���ر�����ل� ا بة��س حب� �مر� او بة و
أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل��ت�هت���ل.
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Chapter Nine
A man pulls a cart that has a large pot sitting on it. A second cart carries a long, narrow case containing tin bowls. The servants ladle soup into the bowls and hand them to the patients, proceeding down to the end of the ward. I also saw many noblewomen sitting beside the patients, serving them and keeping their spirits up. If a patient needs anything, the women send a servant to fetch it. When a patient needs to answer the call of nature, the woman tending
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him seats him on the chamber pot and, afterward, goes and empties it. Even though she has four or five servants at her disposal, she doesn’t allow a single one to tend to her patient. She sees to his every need, enduring every filthy service and foul odor. I also witnessed that when an invalid is on the verge of death and fighting for his life, they quickly summon a priest to administer the extreme unction. All who pass by his bed stop to offer prayers and supplications on behalf of the patient. If he dies, they hold a funeral service right there, then transport his body to the cemetery nearby. Right next door to the hospital is a second hospital reserved for women.
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The only men permitted to enter are priests and doctors. It matches exactly the hospital I just described. On the lower level is a convent of about two or three hundred nuns, devoted to serving the sick. They clean, sew, and patch their clothes, and knead and bake their own bread. A great river runs by the hospital—the one that runs through the middle of Paris—and I saw them there, laundering the patients’ clothes. I was told that there is a hidden area inside the women’s hospital devoted
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to girls who fall into disgrace. Before the signs of their pregnancy become visible, their families send them there without anyone’s knowledge. As soon as a girl delivers her baby, it is taken from her and given to the wet nurses. The girl is released, and they raise the newborn. Once grown, it is apprenticed to an artisan to learn a craft. Many of these children have become skilled master artisans themselves. Some have risen to lofty positions and others have become officials. Still others have entered monasteries, becoming monks, and in some cases abbots and even saints. The blessed hospital is responsible for all of these many works of charity. I’ve recorded just a small portion of what I witnessed and heard about this place called Hôtel de Dieu in French, or “Altar of God.”
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � ّٰ م�ا ب �� � ا ة ا �ب ���س ة �مب ا ب � � ا ب ب ا�� ��ب ��ا�� ب ا� ا �ع�� �هة� ك� ��س ���ل ا لل� �و���د ا ا� ك�� � ل� �و�� � ��ة� � ��� �ة ة� ع � او �ل�را ���ة� �و�م���� لس �ود ك�� ���ةس ً � � ب � ب � � ة ب ب ب � ب ب ة ب � ا ا ا ب ��و���ةس ��� ب��مة�� ب� ����ة� �ة�ل ��و�� ا �ل�و���� � او �ة�� �و�ل �م بس ا �ل��س�� د �ة�ل� ا �ل��دةل بس �م�و� � ��� �م�د �� ع ��� ة���س ة ب �ة � ب ��� ب � ا ب ��ا ب ب � ا ب �� ب ا ب � ا��ا ��� ح��س��� �و���ة�ر �م بس ا �ب�� ررك�� � � 1او �ل� ك�� لبر �ب��هرلةر �ل�� ك���ل ا ����� � �ب�ة�ر�م�ة� ��ة� ��س��د �و � م ة ب ب� � ب � � � � ة ة �� ب ا ا� ا ة ب �� �و�ل � � ب� �� او ��ة� �ور�ة�� �و��ة�� ��� ����د ا�م� ر� ب��ة� ك ع ���ة�� �س��ا � �مب���لب� �م بس ا �ل��د را ��ه .ا�ا�م ار د �ل�� �م�د � � م م ع م �ب ��� �� � ب �مر�و� ��� � ���ة�ر. ب��ة��هة�ب��س �ع بس ا�ام� ة �ب �ب ا ب �مب � ب ا ةا ب � ا ب ح�� ا ��ل�ا � �و�ل�اد ا �بل� �ر �و�ه�و د ا ب� ح��ل دلةر ر�هب�� � � �����ر�� �و �ة� �م�دة����� �ب��هرة���س �م� ر��س�� � �ل� ب� ل � ب ب ب ا� ب ب � � ب م�ا ب ا��م����س ب ة � ا � ا ح��ل�و��� ا ���� ا�ا ك� ح ة� ا � ب�ل �ة � �� � � � � ل � �وب�ة� بس �ة��� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل� �و�ل�د �� � ب � �عس ا�م�دة����� �ر ���ة ر ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�دةر �ود � ة ة � � ا� ب � � � � � �ا ب �ب ا ��ة ة� �و�ه�و ����ا �ل�� ��ط� �ول��ل�� �و�م�م�د �ود ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل����ا �ل�� ب� ح��م ب� ح ���� ب� ��ط�و�ل��ل ���� ��ط�و�ل ا� ك� م�� � ر ر ة ة � ة � � ة �ب ة � � � �� � ة � � ب ة ة ا ب ة � ا ب � ح��د �ع ب ب � �ود ا ������ةس � ك� �س��ك � ح�د�ة��د �و���هة��دةلس ا �ل�و�ل�د ب ب���رلةر�����ل�� �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل��س���� � بول�هة��د ا �ل� او � س ة � � ة � � � � ا �ةب ح��د � ة ح��د ا ���� رب�ة ��ة��� �وك�� ح��� �� ��ل ة � ا ب�ر����� ا �ب�� �ل�ا �ة�����ل ا � ا ���ل � او � � ل � و ط���� ح���ة�ر� �وع�م� �ل �ب�ة����سس����ل ة ة �ب � ا �ة ��بل � ب ا� �س � � � � ب � ا ا ���ل��د � �ه� �م �ة�� ب ��� �� �ل ا ��ا �ه� � �� ب � � س � � � ل � � ا � ا � � ك ء � ا � � � � ك � د � � � � � م ل ل � � ل � م ح �ة� ا ��سة ب �س ةر و � �م ب ر و و �ل ة �وم بة ب و م رةس �ة� و ة م و س ب ب ب م�ا ب ا �� � ب ا ب ��� �مب�� ����� ة �ة ب ب ا�� �م� ���ط� � ب �س��ة�� ��ة� ���د ا ا� ك�� � ة� ح��ةس ����ة� �ر��س �مس د �� �وك��ل � �م ب ب و ح��ةس �م� لةر ����ة� ة ً بم � ب � � ة ا � ب ة ل ة ة � �ود �م�د ا ر��س ب �مة�� � او �ل��د� ا �و � او �ل��د ��� ��ة� �ر�و ب� ح�� � او �ل� �ب�ة����س���ة�� د ا ة��م�ا �و ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هرة���س �م�و ب�� ع م ب � � ب ب ب ا� ��ا ب ��ا � ������ل�م�� ب � د� ��ب ����ا ل ا ��ل��د ب����ا ��ل�ا ب� �����ل���ط�ا ب� �ب �ب����ا � � ا �� � � � ك � � ر ا �ل����ل�و�م � او � �له ��و� ا�م�و ب��و ة� ةر ة ل ب ب ةس ر � اة � � ب �ة ب بب �ود ��ة� ��مم��ل�����. �م بس ����الةر ا �ل� ��ا �لة�� ة�ل����ل�م� او ��ة� �ر�����ا ب�ل����ل�و�م �م�ا ��هة� �م�و ب � م � ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل ب �م�ا ب �ع ب�� ا ��� ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��� ب�� � ح�� � �ه� ��ا ب� �����ل�� �م ب ا ��ل��ل��ا ��� �ا�م�ا ع � � ب ر س ة ب و و ب ة س ة ة� ر س ة� و ة� ر ��ا ب ة� ب �مب ا � ة � ة ب � �ب ط�س ب ب � � ة ة �ب � ب ا ب � � � � �� �� ب� � � ح��ل ��لة��� ا �ل�وه� �و��� ر �ل�� �ل� �ع ��� �� �م� ا �م����� ا ��� �� � ����� ��د � �س��ة�� �ة� ك� � م� �ة� ة م � � ة ةم ب � ة � ةم � ب � �ب ا ������ �ب ح�ا ر ب� ا�ام�����ور� � ا ء ا �ل �� ب��س �و�ه�و �م�و�ه�و� �و�مر�ع�و ب� �و ب�رب� ا ��ة� ب� � ار ��س ل����ا د ����م� � ر ر ج ج ة ب ب �� ب �مًا ا� � � � ة � ا ب � ا � ب ب � � � � ل ح�د �م ا �ل� ��ط� �ل بةس ل �ر���� او ا � ��و�م�� � او ������ةس � ار ����� �و���د ا د ا ة�م� ا�م�لك �ل�� � ار ��س ا بر�ل����ةس � او � س � � � � ب � ب ب ب ةب � �� ب ب ��ة��� �و�ب����ا ر �و���د ا ����� ة��دة�� � ك� ����ل ا�ام��ل�وك ���ل�م�ا ��ب� ��م� ���م �ة��ل� �ة��ل�و� ب��ة�� � ���م � �و �ل�ر��س �ة� �مر ا �ة� ل � ة بم ب ا � � ب ب � ب ا��ا ب ب ب ب ب ح�ا � �ل � ��ا ا ا ب � � ��� � ح��ل ا �� ���د ا ا� ك� � � م�� � �عر��ة ب� �� ب� ب و ة عر��ة ب� �م� را ء �ة� مس ���د ا .حة��ً�د ���� ����م مس د � ة � ب � ب ة� � ب �ب � با � ب �� ة ب �م ار ��� ح��ل ا ��� ���د ا ا�ا ك� م��ا � �ب�ا �مر�ه� �ب�ا � ة� �������� �ل او ا � �لبه ب��ود� � �وة�ل��� ��� او ا �� � � ة �س��د �� مس �ل� ��د ر� �ة��د � ة ة م � ب � � � ب ة ب ا � ب � ا ة � � ��� ا ب��مة�� ا �ل��م�ا ل�ب � او�م��ل�ك � ط�س � حب����� ��م�ا را � او ا � �ل����ل��� ة ب���د � او ا � ح��د ح��د ��������ل� او �مك� ا �مر��ه �و��� � و س م م م � ب �ً ب ا�ا� � � �� � �ةع ة � ب ة � ب ب �بر ب� ���� او � او�ام��ل�ك ������� .ا � ح�ة را د � �� ��ة� � ار ������. � ح��ل م�لك ا ة� ��� �� � ا ��� ��ور و �ة م أ ا �ل ف ف كا �. 1ال��ص�ل :ف���ا ر �
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Chapter Nine
The hospital is supported by the income from various charitable trusts and properties, which include a vast number of villages, plots of land, houses, and shops. It also receives funds from donation chests in all the churches, supplied by everyone who leaves cash in the offering boxes. Many merchants and city nobles leave sums of money to the hospital in their wills. All this is to say that its sources of funding surpass its expenses by a considerable margin. In Paris, there is also a hospital devoted to delinquent children.23 It is
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located in a monastery just outside the city. I visited the monastery, and they brought me in to see the place where the children were held. It was a long room, with a wooden beam traversing the entire length of it. Iron stakes had been pounded into the beam, and the children were tied to the stakes with a chain. They were separated from each other in such a way that none could quite reach his neighbor, and they sat on straw mats, at work on one thing or another for the monastery. They received bread and water by way of nourishment, and twice a day they were stretched out on a whipping frame made of planks and flogged across the buttocks. Each remains at the hospital until the father or mother consents to let them leave. Otherwise, they stay for good. In Paris, there are schools for every science and branch of knowledge found anywhere in the world. This is because the king, when a particular science was unknown, would send to distant climes for experts to come and teach that subject in France. During my time there, a curious incident befell the king. One night, as he was lying in bed, he was seized by an uncanny foreboding, making him profoundly anxious. Terrified, he was unable to remain in bed, and he got up and left his bedchamber. Outside, his sentries stood guard as usual. The king always had a personal guard of forty strapping men to watch over his sacred person day and night, as was the ancient custom. The king scrutinized his guards to see if there were any interlopers among them, but didn’t see one. “Did a stranger enter my quarters?” he asked. “How could anyone have, sire?” they replied. He ordered them to light some candles and search the palace. They did as he instructed, searching everywhere, accompanied by the king, but found no one. They returned together, and the king went back to his pavilion and lay down in his bed.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� ً � ب �ب �ب ب ا د ���ل��� ا �� �ل �ه� ا ������ط�ا �ة� ة�� ب��� ب ب�ب �� ب�� �و ب�رب� ���ا ب��ة��ا �وة��ا ��ل �ل��ل �ود ��� ����ل � ك� � ار �� � م � � م��ا � ب � س و ةس ة س ج ر ة ب و� م � � ة � ب ة ا ة ب �ب� ة ب � ب ط ا ا ح�� � � ��ا ��� س � ��ا ر��م� ا ��� ر ب� � ا� �س��د ��ا ���ا ��د ��� ���سب��ا ب��مة�� ��� ح�لة��� �و�� �ل� او �ل�� �ة� � ة ���د �و ا �ب رو ة� ب ة ع ا �ل��م� لس و ة� ب ب ج� � ا � ب� � ة �� � ا �� � ا �ة��ب��� ب �م ب��� ب ����د ب� ا ��لب ��ا ل � � ا ا �� ب ا ا � �د ا � ا ا � � � � � ا � ا � ا ا � � ل �� � � � � ��د � ل � � � �م � � ح � � � ب و ر س و ةس ةس ة ل رة ب و و ر �م� رة �� ح� �و ب �لو ب� رة ة ب ا�ا�م�� � �ب ا � � � ا �� ا � ا � ا�ه ا � �ه � ا ب � ب� � ا ��� � ا �� � ة ب � ة �مرا �عب��� ب� ��س��ا � ا � �ل� � ��س��ا � لك �ة� مر �وب� ���� م �ل� �ة� مر �م ب� � ة��د ح�ل�و �� �ة� ب ة ب ة ���س ب � � �ب ا �� ب� ب � �بك � � � ا ا � ب ًا ا �� �لبه ب د� ب� � ا � � ا�ا�م�� � ا �� ا ب� � ة ��� ��و �ود ح�ل�و � لك ة� د ح��ل ا � �ل�� ل� ر �و �����ل�و ة�� �مر �و � �وا د �ل��ك ا �ب��ا ب� ا �ل��د �ة� ع � ��س��ا ب� � ا �� �لبه ب�� د� �مة��ة��د� � �ب��ة � � ا ب � ا � ا ��س��ا ب� �ب�د ا � ا ��ب ا ��ل�� ة ����ب� ب ��ل �م ب��� ا �� ا ��ل�� ة ��� او �م� �ب�ة�س ا �ل� ��ب�س� ر و بة ر رو ة� ب ة� ب و و �ب ب��م � ب ا � ا ا ���� ة ا ب �ب ا ا ا ا � �د �ب� ا ا ا � � � ب ا �� ا �� �ة �مر. �و �ة� ة� ر�و ة� لب ��س�� � �م� ر �و ح� ��� د �و ر ب���ةس �ة� ل�� ع � ب ب �ب ا � �د �م ب ا ��ل ا �� �ب � ب� ب � �ع ا �� ����ة��ب �� �ب ا � ا ���س ا ا ء ����� � ���س ة � �ة� ب�ر� �مو ح� س �ر س �و �ة� ة��د� ��د �و ه�و �م� ل ب ة �ر س �ة� �ل� ب�� ر �ر ب � � � ب ا �ب ة � � ا ��ل��� ب ج � � �ب ا �� �ب ب �� �ب �ة ب ب ةب ح�د �م حب�� �� �ل�لك بس ا ا ء � � ا �ل��مر�و ��مو� ��� �ور�� له��د ا ة� �مو� � �ر� ��ا �ل��� �ب�� �ل��ل�م��ل�ك و ر ة م ع � � �ب��ل�م�ا بل ب ��ل� � � ا �مة����� ا �م�ا � ا�ا�م��ل�ك �ب ا � ����� �م��ة����� � �ب�ا �ب�ا �م ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��ب �ة�ب� ب �رل��ل�� �م ب ا �ل��� س � م ل ر و ب و ة� ة س ر ر ر ر ب ل م ج � � ب � ب � ب ب ب ب � ا � م��ا � � �م�ا ا ا ا ا � � ة � � � � � ا � � ح� ب� ا�ام��ل�ك �ب� � لةر���� او �م��� ا ����ل� � بول���د� ك���� �ل�� �م�لك �م� � ح��ك �ة� ����ل � ك� و ج � �� � ا �م�ا ب ا ّٰلل� ���ل � ب�ا ��ا ��� بد �� � ا ��ل � �ا ا ب �� �ا ��ل ة �ع ب �ه� ���ة���� د ك �ة�م ��ل ا ��� ط�س � ح � � ��� � � � � � ل � � ك ك � � � ة و ب و و و ة ب ب ة� ج � � ة � ب ب ب ب ب ب ة � ب ة ة ا ة ة ا ب ا ا ا ة م�� � � ح��ل� � او � ح�ب��ة�� ��� ���د ا ا� ك� �ة�ا �م��ل�ك ا �لر�م� � ا �� ���د �وك ا�م�مة�� �ود � ح�ة� ا ����ل�ك ة ب ب �ا ب ��ة� � ار ������ك �ل� ��ة�ر. ب � �ة � ا � � ب � ��ل ا � ة ة � � ب � �ب � ة �ب�ا � ا ا� � � � ب ح� �ب�� ا�م�لك � او ة���س �ه�و ا �ل�د ة� ا ب�� ك � �له���� �و�م� �ه�و ا �ل�د ة� ����ل��� �����ك �مس ا �ل����وح�ة� ة ة ة ب ا ا ب � � � � ا ا ب ب � ب � ب � ب �ة ة � � � ة ب ا ب ب ا ا ا � ب � � � ح� �ب�� د �ل�ك ا �ل���� ب� �ب� � دةل ��� ب��ة��لرم��� ا �ة� ا ��لك �ل���ك ���د �ود �ة� ������ ��ل�م� س�م� ا رد � ����� �� ب� ة� ة ة ع � � ب ��ا ب �� �� � ب� �ة � � ا ب �ب ة�ة �م ب ب د�� ا �ب�ا د ل ب ب ا � ب � ل س ا � � � � ا�ام��ل�ك �م ب��� � � �� � � � د�� � � � � � � ك � م � � ح � � � ك ل ل � ل � � ة ��ك ب ��س ب ة رك �ة� ��ة� س ة ر ب� ة �ة� م � ا ب اب � ب ب � � �� ا ��� ب��م�ا �عة���ك� . � حة�ب�ً�د ا �مرا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا ���ط�ل�� �ة�� � � ا ا � � ا�ام�ة��د �� �� � �م � �� � ع ع ح� ة س ب ة� رة� ب ة� ��ة� ��ك روج �ة � � � � ب ب � ا ا �م ار ��ا �ور ب� �� ا�ام��ل�ك ا ���ة� ���ة����ور�ة�� � او ب��ة� �� �ب�ا ��ط��ل�ة ��و� ب� ح�ا ر ب� ا ��� �� ��ة� � ار ����� �و�م� ��� د ��� ر ة ة ج ع ب � ��ا � �م ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�� ����� ب� بل�ه ��ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�و�ه� �ور�� ب��ا ب� � حة�ب��� ب ��ط�ا ��ر�. س ب م ب � ب �ة ب ة ب ��ا ل � � � � ا ا� ل ل ب �� ب ة ب ���ل�م�ا ا ����ة��هر ����ل � حب��ر ��ة� �م�دة����� �ب��هرة���س حة��ً�د ا ب �سم��� ا ك�� بر ا �ل�د �و�ل� �و�م�د برة س ا ة� � � ب � � � �ب �� �مة � �م ب ب �� � ا ��لب ح ���را �ل��د �ة� �و�ة�� �ة��� �� ����ا �ل�و� �ب�ا �ب�� �ة�ا �مر ب�ل���ة��د �ع ب��د ا�ام��ل�ك �و�ه ب��و� ���� ����ل �� س د ل�ك م ة � ا� ا ا � ع � ب � ا ب �� � � ا ة ب � ��ل � د ح�ة� ا �ل�����ا ���ب��� �ور�و����ا ا �ل��د �ة �لور� �و�م� � حة�ب���ك ا �ل��د �ة �ل او � ا ���� ��ط� او ا ب��مة�� ك���ل� ة �لو � � م ة ع � ب ب � ب ب ب ب �����ة � �����ا حب��ر ا�ام��ل�ك ��ا � �م�و ب�� � �م � �م بس �ه�و ��� ���ة��ا �م��� . حة�ب�ً�د �ة�لة��د � د �وك د ر�ة��ا � � او ب� ب �ود �ة� �م�ل� ر ة م 50
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Chapter Nine
But his anxiety-filled delusions returned, twice as vivid. He got up again and
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went outside. “Is there an enemy here?” he cried out to the guards. “Tell me the truth!” “Sire, we just searched every room and found no one,” they said, throwing themselves at his feet. “The palace gates are shut and guards are standing watch. How could a stranger or an enemy get in?” The king was at a loss. Guided by a divine inspiration, he ordered them to accompany him into the palace gardens. They relit the candles and followed the king into the palace again. They opened the gate that led into the gardens, and toured them with their candles blazing, searching among the trees and in every nook and cranny. Once again they found no one, and turned to head back to the palace. Then one of the king’s guards, candle in hand, spotted a shadow in a cypress
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tree. He stopped, raised the candle, and saw a man hiding in the tree. He told the king, who ordered them to bring the man down. It turned out to be a young man, heavily armed. The king ordered them to take his weapons away. “What are you doing here?” he asked the young man. “What is your purpose? Speak truthfully, and as God is my witness I will do you no harm.” “I’m your mortal enemy, king of the age!” the young man replied. “I snuck in and hid here to kill you in your bed!” “What has driven you to try to murder me?” the king asked. “What did I
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ever do to harm you?” “My religion compels me to kill you—you are the enemy of our faith,” the young man replied. “Yours may be a vile faith that compels you to murder me for no fault at all, but mine is a holy faith that compels me to forgive you,” the king said. “Go, and tell your people so.” The king ordered them to let the man go, and they set him free outside the palace. Then the king went back to his private chambers and lay in bed. He no longer felt that sense of foreboding, for God had saved him from death through a manifest miracle. Once this news had spread throughout Paris, the nobles and state officials all came before the king to congratulate him on his deliverance from the danger he had faced. They requested that he convene a general council,
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
� �ا ة � � ب ��� ب ا ا �ل�اة��م�ا ب� ا �� ك� ��� � �لو��ة �� �� �و�ك����د � او ���ة�ر �� ��س ة ل�ا � ا ب � � ا�ا� ا �� �� ���ة ا ا �ة�لة ة ه �� �� ب� � � م�د �� � �� �ة�ا �م�� � ب�� ة ل ة ب و ر � �م ع
� � ����ة�ر �م بس ا ����� � ب��و ة� ا �عب��� �� ار �ة�لة��� �و�� بس ا ���د ا ة � � بب ب �ا ب � ب ا �لر�عة��� ا �ل����د � �و�ل� را �ل ب��ة�������د � او �و�م��س�ا �� بج بب ب��مة�� �ب�ل�� د �ر�����ا. ب �� � ة ع� ا �� ا� � ب ا ا ��بل � � ب ا ا ب �ة ا � � � �� ح�ة��ة �ع ب � � � � � � ب��ل�م� س�م� ا� ا � � � ا � �� م � ح � ك �د� � � �د ���د ���د ل � ك � ل � م � م � م � � � � � � ك � ل � ب ر ة ً ر ب ة ب ر و ة� مو � ع �� � ب ا �ة ة �ب �ة� ا ب � ب � ا ب �� � ب ة ة �ة � ��ة�� ب��ا د ا ب���� �ب ب��م�� � � م � � � � ا ا � � ك � ا م م ل� � � م � � م �� �� ه � � � 1 � �� � � �س� � � ب � س �ل � ة� ة � و � ر �ل س �ة� �ة� ة � ة ة ة �� ةع � � � � � � ب ة �ا ب � � ب ة � ة ة ب ������ ��ط �م�ا �ل�� �ل��ل�����ل�� ب ب �م � ��س�و�ة��� � او ب� ك� ���� �وك���ل �م بس �ل�� دةل بس ة� � �� � �م�ل����ة� �مس ا ���� ��و� �ة�له���ل � �وة�� ب ب ب ة ح�ة �� ��ل ا � �����ا �ة�� ب �ا ب � � � ةس �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د ��ل��ك �ة�ب��ة����� ���لة��� دةل بس �ة �لو�ب�� � او ب� ك� �� � �ل�� �م�لك �مس ب��ة ��و� ا �و � و و ب ب� � �� ب ��ً�ا ��ل��ل�م ���ط�ا ر ل ب � او ��بل � �وا ر�ب�� �م بس ب��ة�ر ب� ��ة��� ���لة��� � او �مر ا �ة� ب� �� حب��ر � بو�ل���د ����ل �م�د� ك��ل �مس �ه�و ح ��ة ةس � ب ب ا ا �� ب ا � � ا �ب �ة � ا �� ب اب � �ور�و����ا ا �ل��د �ة �لور� �ب� ���� �ة ك �� ب� �� او ا �ة� ���� لةر �ب�ل� د �ر����� �ب� �مر ل�ردة���� �ل �ب��هرة���س �ب� � ك��ل �مس � م �� � � � � � ب � ب � ا � ب �ب ة ب ب � �س�ا �ل�ب ��� ح�ا �� ا ��� د � ا �ل�د � �ل ب ��م � � �عر�� ا � ��� ���� ا � � ح��د �م ب �ه � � ا ����� س �و�ل ة� �و� ة ب ر ة ة ة� � م ب ل� و ة� بة � ة �و� روم ة � � ا �ل ب �ب ة � ��م�� ا ��� �م ���ط�ا ب�� ة� ب��م�� � � � ة �� ب ��ب ر �و���� ��ط�وع �مس ا �����ة������� �و���ة� ���د ا ا �ل������� ك�ب� �� او ب ةع ة� ع ا �ب��ل� د ح�ة� ك���ل ة � ب ب ب ب ب �ا �م ��� ار � �ة���ب��� ��ة� ا لبر����ة��ة��� ��ة� ���د ا ا �ل��مر. ة بً � ب ة ا ا� � � � ب � ب بب م�� ا ���هرا �ة�لة��� ���ا ا �مرا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا ب� ��ة� ب��مة�� �ب�ل او ب��د �ر�����ا ة ب���ل��س �ب�ب�س�� �مس �ب���ل �م�لك ة� � او �ة�� ة ع ع � ب � � ب� � �ب �� � � ب ةة � ا � ب م���� ا �ع ب ا ��ل��د ب�� � ب ا ا � ةة ا عس ا �ل�د � �و�ل ����� ر � او �و�ل �ة� �م�ل����� � او �ل�د �ة� �م� ب��ة��ل���� ������ �ور��� ع�م� د� ة� و س � � ب�� ة� ��ب��ة��ة���ل� ا �ب�ا �� �ل���د �ب�ا �� ا ��� �مب�ة���ا ا ��ل ة ��س���ة ا ����ه � �مب ا ����� ��� �م بس لةر�و� ا ��ة� �ب�ل�� د و � � � � و ر س س ب ة و ة ج م � � � ا ا ��� ��ل�� د ا �� �لب��ل�� �م ب���ك � �مب��� �ة ب�ل� �ة�م ا ��ب ��ل�� د ا �� ���ط�ا ����ا � �مب ���ل�� ب � �مب ا �ل�اب� ك� �وا ��� را �� ��� را �� و و و ر � � � � � ة ة ة و و ب ب ر ة ة م م م � ا �� �� �� د ا ��ل�سبم����ا � ا �� ب��� �م�د ب ا �� ا ب �ب��ب ��ب� ة� ��ل�� د �ب �ب����ا �مب ��� �ب�ا �� ك� � ����لة���. ة� ب ل و ة� ة ر � ة� � ب ر �م � ب ب ة ب ب ب ة ب � �� ب ح��ل � ك� �س��ا �� ��� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر��� �و�ه�و را ب� �ب����د �م�د� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � ا � �ل ��ة� ا � ر ب� ع �مس ةس ة �ة � �� � ة � �ب ا ا � ب � ب ب� ل ا �� ب � ب � ا �ب ا �ب ب �� ب ا �ب �� �� �ب ب � ����هر� ا �ة� ب�ة���� ر ء ����ةس عر ��� لر ة� د � ح�ل�و �ة� �ب� ب� ���س �ب� ���� ����و س �د � ح��ل ا ��ة� ةب ة ً م � �ة ب ب ب ة ب ب � � � ب � � � � ا ا ا � ح��ل� او ��ل� ��� ب����ة��� � او �لب�س� ��� ���سب��ا ك �و���ا ر لةر�ك ب� ا� ك� ��� ��ل� ��� � بو�ل���د ه� د � م�� � � ار ء د � ح��ل� او ا �ة�� ة ة ة� ا � ة ة ب ب � � بم�ة � � � ب ب ب � ا ة � ب ب ة ا ا � ا ر�ل���� �و�ل� را �ل ���� �����ل� او �� ��س ب�ل���د �� ��س ا �� ا � ��� ر ا � �ل �ك� ������ ا �ل�لة��� به � ح ب� ا �لر ب� ة و ح��ل ل ب ة � ب ب ا ا� ب ب �� ب ب ب � � ب �ة � ب� �ة ا �� �ب � ا � � ل � ا �ة � � ا ا ا � ه � م � � ل � ا � م � � ل ا ا � � � � �مس ���د ��ر بو �� �م� ب� � ���د ك م�� � � ب � �ور مس �دة �م ��� ل �ة� ب� ل� برة��د رك ب� ���ل � � �ب � � ب � ب � � �ب ا �ب ا � ة �ة ا �ب ب � � � � ا �� ب � ب � ك� م��ا ب� �ل���� ا �عر� ا �ل�د ا � ح�ل�� ةس ا �ة��� �م بس �ة��ل�و �لو � �س��� �م �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل��سب�� ك ا �ة� ا � م���ة� ة� ف أ « 1ا �ش�����ر» ل ت�رد �ت� ال��ص�ل. م
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ب �مس ب ��ة�
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Chapter Nine
including all the bishops and the abbots of the monasteries. Once all had gathered for the council and assumed their appropriate places, the Duke of Orléans came forward and informed the king that there were many Huguenots in the kingdom of France, heretics who were enemies of the Catholic faith. They’d managed to corrupt many guileless people of the flock, and were working to corrupt more. “Sire, we fear they’ll spread their heresy throughout all of France,” he said. When the king heard the duke’s words and had his report confirmed, he
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ordered a royal edict drawn up then and there, to be proclaimed throughout France. “Six months from today, any Huguenots found in my kingdom will be killed, and their property seized by the monarchy,” the edict announced. “Let them all settle their loans and debts, and freely sell their homes, plots of land, orchards, and other properties. Once this period has elapsed, those who remain do so at their own risk.” The king further ordered the bishops, priests, and abbots to send letters throughout France proclaiming the edict of the cardinal of Paris, which stated that anyone who was aware of the presence of a Huguenot should report this to the local authority, on pain of excommunication. And so they wrote to all the bishoprics so that each bishop could inform his flock about the edict.24 The king also ordered that a royal gatekeeper be stationed at every point
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of entry to French lands, to prevent any heretics from entering the kingdom. Anyone without a certificate of baptism would be turned away. For the next six months, the Huguenots began to leave France, one group after another. Some went to English lands, others to Flemish lands, and still others dispersed throughout Italy. Some went to Germany and cities elsewhere, until France was entirely cleansed of them. Some time later, a shoemaker in Paris was returning home after an evening out when he saw two strangely dressed people entering a doorway. He thought they might be thieves, so he went into his own house and repaired to a window to spy on the place they’d entered. Three more people entered as he watched. Then another three or four. People kept arriving until midnight. This sight surprised the shoemaker, particularly since the building they’d entered had been abandoned for a long time.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�ل� �ب� �ب ا ��ل��ل �� �� �� �ة ا � ة �ب ا ا ء ا � ا ب ��د ��� ة���ل �ل � ���� �� � �م� ر �ل� بة � �و�م�ا �ب �لة��ا ا � ح��د �م بس د ا ب� ح��ل � او ���ل� �� او ا � ب��ا ب�. � ب� � � �ب �ا �ب �� � ب ��ل� ب ح��ل ا �ل ك� ��س�� � ا �ة� ع��د ا ��ا ��� � او ب� ����ا � �مب���� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� حب��ر� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� را ا � � ا �� ���ل�م�ا ا �ب��� � ب ة ج م � � ب ب ة ج� �م ب ب� �� �ةل�� � ا � ا� ا � � ب� � � �ب ا ��ل��ل�� ب���ل ا ��س� � ا ��ل ا ��� ���د ا ا ��ب ل � د ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل� س د � ل � � � � � م � � � م ح � ك � ل � � ل � ب بر و و و � � ة ر و ل ة م م ع م � ا ب � ا � � ا � ا�ب ب� ا �� ا ��ل� ب � � � ب ا � � ل ح��ل �ب� � �ل� ة� �� ا ا ا ا ه ح�� �ل�� � � ا �مر ا �لر ب� �د� � �� ع � � � ل � � د د � � � � � � � م � � � ��س م ة و ح�د �ب� �ل��د �ة� ر ة و ر �ل ة � ب �ب ة ب � � � �ة � ب ح� � ��ب��ب ا � �ب ب ب ا ة � � � � � �مر� او ����ل �مول� ا � ه � ا ا � � �م ������ ا �����ةس �مس ب��م� �ع��� و �مر �م ب� ����م ة ��و �ة� ب�ة��� د �ل�ك لر ب� �ل ةو ب� � ب� � ب � ب �� ا � � ا � ا � �ة �� ا � ا� � ���� �ب �ل ا ا ب ح� � � حة ب�� �� او ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� د � � ا �ل � � �ل� �و�ل� ةل ��ول�و �ل�ح�د �ة� � �م� ط�س � ح��ل ا ��ة� ا � ل�ك ر ب �ل ةج م � ة ب ب � � � ب � � ا � ة ب ا ة ة ا � ا �ة ح�ل� او �ل�د �ل�ك �ب�ة��� �� � � �وا �ب�ا ��س ب�ل���د �ب�ا ��س � �وة��د � �س��� �م� او ب �م� �� ���ا ر ا �ل�و�ك ة� �����ا ر� او ة ب�� ب � ة � ا �� ب�� �� ب� � � �ب ا � ا ا �� ب ا ��لا�� � � با ��ً�ا ة ب� �� ب ا �� �م� ا �ة� م �ل رو ب � �وا �� ��س ب�ل���د �� ��س � او ��ل� �� او ا �ب�� ب� �مك� د ل�ر ح��م ���� رو ة � رب ب �� � ا ��ل � � �� ح��ل �ل���ل�ا ��. د ل�ك ر ب م ة � � ب � � � � حب��ر� او ا �ل ا � ا � � حة�ب��د ا ر����� ا �ل � �وا ���ة���� �م بس �ب���ل�� � �� ��� او � او ب� حة�ب�ً�د �م ب� ح� ب�� �� �م �ب� �ل�د ة� را �و�ً � . ل س م � � ب ب ا ةب اب �ا ب ة � � � ا ح�� ب ةس �عر�ب�م او د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ة��ب ��ةبه �� او ���� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا� او د � �ب����د � م�� � � �ول�لك ا �ل�� او د �م ���� د ���ةس �ب� � ����ل ة� م �سة �ب � ب ة � ب �ب ��ا ب �� م�ا ب � ا ���ا �بل ا ة ب� � �ا ب ا� ا ب � � � � � � � ك� � � ل � � � ا ا � ا �� � �� � م � � � م�د د � ه � � � � م � � � � ك ك ك ح � ل م�� � �م� �و �و� �و ب �و ة س �ة� ة ب � رة��س �و �و �ة� �ل � �ل ب �ل ة ب ة � ة ب �ب � ا ة ة ��ل� ب � ا�ا� � حب��ر �ب�� � ���ور� ��ب� ا ��ل �����هر �مر� ا �و �م �ر��س �ل�م� � ح�� ا ��ا ��� ���د ا ا �ل�ا�مر �ب�ا ب� �مر� ا�ام��ل�ك ب�ل���د ح� �م � ة ة �� م ب � � � ب ة � ح�� ب ا �ل� ���� � . � ح�� � او �ة��د �ةة ��ة� ا �� ك� ح��ل� او ب��مة�� حة�ب�ً�د ا �مرا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا � لةر�ب ��و�ه� � ةس �ة��د ب� ��� ة�����د � او ا �ب��ا ب� � س � م م ة اب �ب ���ل��� � �و������د � او 1ا ���� ا ��ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا ����� ة� ����� ٢....د �م� � ��� ل ���ا � ا � ح��د �ه� ��� �و � ك بة ة ة� م ة ة و ة� م م ا �ً �ة ب � � ا��ا ب ا � � ب ة ا ��� � ا �� �لب �د ا ب � �� ��ة � � �� ���ب ح� �ل� �وة�ر �م او د �ل�ك ا� ك� ب� ح��ل��س �م بس ا �لرد � �ة ��هة���ل�و� � م�� � �ب� �ل��س��� و � � ةو ب ��و ب�ل ر � م �ة � ب ب � ة �ب ��ا � � حة���ل ب�ل���د ب� ��ر� ب� ح�ة� �ة����ة�ر �ة��د ل� �� ��ب� ��ط�وا ���ا � ���دد ا�ام�هة��و�ل�ة� بس ��م���سم�ا �ة�� ر ب� حة���ل �وك ح��ل �و� ب ر ة �م�ا ����� ��ل��ل�����ل��� ب ����. �م ب �ب ب ا �ب ب � � ا��ا ب ب � ا ة ب � � ا� � ب ة � م��ا ب� �م�ا ب م�� � ��ل�م� را ��ة� د �ل�ك ا� ك� ح��ل �مس ا ����ل �ب��هرلر �مر���� �� د �ل�ك ا� ك� � او � �ل � ���ة�ر �و����ه� ر ب� ة ة ة ةة ب � � ة �ب ا � ة ب � � � ب � � ه ح��ل ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ك� م��ا ب� ا �ب�� � ���ا ب� ����ه �ع بس ���ب�� ب� ���د ا ا�ا ك� ا ك � � ح � ل ل د � �� � � �ه�و �مر� ��و�� بل� ب � � ل�ك ر ب ة� ب �ا � �لب� � ���ب � ا ب �م�د �� ب �ة � � ب��م�� ب �ة ا �ة ا � � �ب � ب� ���د ا ا ��بل �� �را ����ود �ب�ا � ك� �ب��ر ح�� �ة� ب ��ة ر ر � و � ة �� ب��هرة��س ةع ر � ���� مر ��و� ب � ب �ا � ب � ح��ل ا �ة��د ك� ح��ل ���د ا ا �ل���ب�� ب� ا �ب �لة ��و� �ب�ل�� ر���� �ل� ب� �و�ل�ا ب� ���ا ر. با ���ا � ا ة ب� �� ب ا � ا ب بة �� �وا �� ��س ب�ل���د �� ��س ا �ل�� ا �� � ه او رو رب
ف أ أ 1ال��ص�ل� :ت���ص��ود وا� ٢ .م��ط���و��س �ت� ال��ص�ل.
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Chapter Nine
“I’m going to keep an eye on this place to find out who these people are,” he said to himself. He stayed by the window until three o’clock in the morning. Suddenly, he saw some people leave the building, followed by some others. This went on until the last people to leave shut the door behind them. When morning came, the shoemaker went to see the governor and told him
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about the people he’d seen coming and going during the night. After hearing his story, the governor ordered the shoemaker to come back that evening, and not to tell a soul about what he’d witnessed in the meantime. When the shoemaker returned, the governor ordered two of his men to accompany him and hide in his house to find out if he was telling the truth. They weren’t to breathe a word to anyone. As they hid in the shoemaker’s home later that night, groups of people began arriving at the abandoned house once again. The governor’s men waited to see them emerge, and sure enough, the people eventually came out of the house and closed the door behind them, just as the shoemaker had told the governor. They returned to the governor and reported what they’d seen. Immediately,
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the governor sent spies to make peepholes in the walls. After a while, they figured out what the place was and who was meeting there. When the Huguenots had lived in Paris, they would gather once or twice a month at that place and hold council. When the governor realized that this was still going on, he carried out a thorough investigation and reported his findings to the king. The king gave an order to have the Huguenots followed, up to the moment they entered the house. Then they were to be locked inside. Meanwhile, the king’s men were to climb to the roof and . . . bring the building down on their heads. If anyone survived, they were to be killed on the spot. The house was to be razed to the ground and the lot was to be left unpaved as a reminder to future generations. In the end, five hundred men were killed, and their property was seized by the monarchy. I once passed by that place, accompanied by a Parisian. When I saw the unpaved lot, I was surprised, and asked my companion why every street in Paris was paved with black stones except that one. He told me this story, explaining that the lot was left unpaved as a memorial.
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
�ب � �ا ب � �م ب ة� � ب ة � ��ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا��ا � ة��د � ا ��ل ب �� ��و�ل �مر�����ل س ب���ل ح� �مر� �����ل��ط� � ا ��م�د ا �ة� و ة� ��ة� �مس ا ��م �� ب ةم م ب � ب ب � ة ب � ب � ب ب � ا � � �ب � ب ب �م �ة �����ل��ط�ا � � �����ا ��� ��ط��ل� ��م�ا ��� ب �م ����ا ��� �ل���� ك���ا � �ع�م ��م����� �م ا ك�� ب� ك� ���ل�ك ةس ر ة ر ح� ر ر ب ب ر ة �ب ا � ة �ة � ب با ة �ا � ح��ل� � ا ��� �م�د �� ب���ة ��ه ��� ��ا ��ل�ا � ��م ة�ب ب � �� ا ��ل�� � ا ب � �س�هب���ل�و� ب�ل��� �ة�� ا �ل� ل�را �م �ود � و ة� ة ب � رة س ب ة� ح����ل �و �ر� �و �م ار �ة� �مس � � � ة ب ب ح��د � � �� ا ب ب �م ا ��� ا�ام��ل�ك � � ب ب ��ا � ب� � ب ح�� ب �و��� بس ع� �� او �ل�� � م و ب ��ة�ر� � او �ر� �و�ه�و ك�� � ������ ا بر�ل����ةس ب��و ح�دا ر �مس ��� �ةس وة � رة � � �ب ة ب ة ب �ب ���د � � ��� ب ةس ا�ام��ل�ك ��ل�� ةلر ب��م�ا ب� �م بس ةل ار ب��مة�ب��� �و�ل���د ك� ���ا �م �ة �لو�م ��ا ب�ل��ل�و� ��� ح� �مر� ا � �لورلةر ��ة�ر ا �ل م و ب ع � �ب ��� �� ب ب � � ��را � برا �ة��د �و�ع�م��ل ��ل�� � �ول�سم�� � ك� ورلر ا �ل ���مر�ة� �ب�ا �ةل��ل�ة��ا � �ب�ا ل� � م� ل م���ل�ب���. ب �لو �رةس � ة ة م � ة ب � � � � �ل� � ا ا ك�� �� ا �� �ل�س � ا � ا�ام�� � � ا ب � ب�ل � �و� ��� ���ة��ا ���ب� �ور����ا �ة��ا �و��� ب� ��س��ا � ا�ام��ل�ك ة� بو ��د م� �ل ل�وةم� مر لك ب� � ة�رب � ة� � ًا ب � � � ة ب ��ا ر �و�م ب ا ��لب��رك � او ��ل���ب���ة��ل�� ة� �و ب� �وا ��ل�� ا�ا�م�ا ء ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب����ب ��ب��د �م بس ا ��ل�ا ���بس ح���و� �ور�� ��� د �ل�ك ا � �ل به ��و ب س ة �ا ب �� ب ا ا � �ةًا ا�ا� ا � ب �� �ة�� � ا �� ب� � � ا � ً � �ا �ب � ����ا ا �ة� �ب��هر���س �ود ب� �م بس ا�ام� ء ا �ل��د �ة� � ب��� د ل�ر�� � ���� بل��� .مر د مس بل��د للك ل�ربج �� د ر ب ح��ل ة � � ب � ب ��ً�ا �ب����ا ا ��� ��م ا ��ة��� ا�ا�م�ة��ب��� ��ل��� . حة�ب�ً�د ���ا ر ة� ا ك� ��و� �ب�ا �ل����ل�� �م�� � او �ة� ب� ���ا لبرا�ام�دة�� ب��� لةر �ور �و� �وة�� � ة رة بً �ا � � � ا ب ب ا ا � ا �ل�ا ك� ح��ل ا �ل�ر ب� ��� لةر�ور�و� �ل� ب� ح��. ���ا لبر � او �ل��م� ر� ا �ة�� �ب ة ب ������ ا � ة��ا ة� �م�ا � ب� � ح��ل�� ��� ��ل �� ة � � او � �ل � � � ���ل �ةل�و� ا ر�و� ا ���� � ة � ح�دا ر�ة�� �و� ة ر و ع ا ب��و ���ة ر ك�� ك� م ج ة �م ارة���� � او ب� س ب � � � �ب ح�ا ب� � �ة � ا ب � ��ا ل � �� ة ةل � ا � � ب ا ��ل � ب � ب ب ا ا � ��ا ب ا ��ل �ة��ل�و� � �مر ا �ل� ر ب �م� � ك�� ا ر ب �م �م� ب�ةس ا �ل� ب��ة� � بول����س مس ����� ا �ل� ك� بر �وك� � ا �ل� ب��ة� � � �ب ا ب� ة ة��ةب��ه � ح��ة �����ا � �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل ب������ا ء �و� ح ب� �م بس ا � �وا �ب�ا �ة���� ا�ام����دد� ط�� ا �ل���د �ب�� �و��مر��� ب�� ح��� بس ا � �ل�� �� � م م م � ب بً ة � ا �� � ب ب �وك� ح������ � ا �� ���ا ب� �ة�لة ��و�ل �ب�ا ب� �����ا �ب�ل�� د ا �ل�ا �برب� �ع ب��د �ه� ا د ب� � او � ح�ة�را ��ر �م بس �����ا ء �ب�ل�� د� .ا � م ًم ج ب � ب � ب ��� � � ب ���ا ل ا�ام�د �� ب��� ���ا �ه ا �� ب ب ة ا ا ح��� بس � ب� ��ط�ا �م� ر �و ة � ���ا لةر�ور�ه�م �ةو�� ���رب � ����ة� ا �م� � ���م و ب�ل���د �م� را ر� او ا ك� بر ة ج � �م � ب ����� �ب ا ء �ب �ة � ب � �ة��د ��� �ه� � ��� ����ة��� ا ��� ب ع ����ة�� �م�ا �ب�� بس �ب ب� ���ط�ا � �ب�ل�� د ا � ب�ل�ر ب� حة��� � �و�� بس �ب ب� ���ط�ا � � و ب ةر م و ة � م � ة ر ر ة بة م م �م � � � � � � ��ا ب ة � ب ا ب � � ر ا �ل �ب�ل�� د� ا�ا�م�م��ل�و� �م ب ا �ل���بس � � ح ك� ح��س � او �ل�� ����� ار ب� � او ����طل��� �و ب�و� ��ا �م ���� ا �لر�عة��� �وك�� � �ة�ل ��و�ل س م � � � ة �� ب � ب � ب � � ا ب ب ة ب � ���ا ب� ا ���� �م ���ط�ا �لة � ا ا ا ة م � � � � � � � �وك�� �ل� او ةح�ل�و�� �ب� �ل�د ة� �ة�ل��و�ل�� ����� �ل�� ك� �و ب� ح��دا رة����� �ب� �� ���د ا ا ��ة� ب�� ر � ة ب �� ة � م م ة ا �� ا ب�عة ��� . � رة ً م � � � � ب ة ب ب � ب � � � � � � ا ا ا ا ا � ب �وا ح�ة�را ب�ل���د ك�� � �ة �لو� ا �مرا � �لورلةر �ل��ل��ر ب��م� � � او �ة� ك�� � � او � ا ب� ح�د �مس ا ك�� لبر ا �ل��د �و�ل�� �ب� � �ة�ل�رب�� م م م � � ب ب � � � م��ا ب� ب������ة�ر ب�ة��� �م�ل�� �ع�� ب�ع ��ب��� ب�ع ا �ل�ا ب ��ل حة�ب��� ��ة� ������ل ا �ل ���سة��ا � بو��ة��د ب� ح��ل� او ��ة� ���ة� �ل� بول ار � �و�ه�و� ك� ة ة ب ةر � � ب � � � �م ب �ة��� ا ��ل� برلر ��ا �ب�� لةر�و� ة��ة��ب� ب� �س�و �م �ة�� ب �ب ك� ���ل�ب� ا ��ل��ةر ب��م�ا ب� ا ���� ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ا �ة��� ��ة� ا �ل�ا� � � ب و ل ب ب س س ر ر ة � ة ة ج ج ة ع
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Chapter Nine
While I was in Paris, an ambassador arrived from Istanbul. He had been
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dispatched by His Majesty Sultan Aḥmad to request eight anchors from His Majesty the sultan of France, as he had recently constructed five ships for the sultan’s fleet. The ambassador was received most honorably and welcomed into Paris with a great procession. One of the king’s palaces was prepared as a residence for him, furnished with a staff of cooks and an ample pantry. He had forty officials in his retinue, as well as many servants. The king appointed one of his own interpreters to serve him, and after a few days granted the ambassador an audience in the company of Pontchartrain, minister for the Orient. The king showered the ambassador with honors and prepared a sumptuous banquet for him. After they’d dined, the king had the ambassador shown around the beauti-
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ful grounds of Versailles. He was shown the royal gardens and the water spouting from the trees, the pools, the fountains, and especially that arching vault made of water, which I described previously. After taking in all these sights, the ambassador returned to the palace that had been prepared for him in Paris. The nobles of the city began to pay him visits, congratulating him on his safe arrival. The wives of nobles and princes also came along for curiosity’s sake. Each day, I’d go to the ambassador’s palace and sit with his officials. Often,
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the interpreter wasn’t present, so I would interpret for the ambassador and some of the nobles’ wives. The ambassador was astounded by the gracious modesty of these women, their refined and pleasant conversation, and their sparkling repartee. He mused that the women of Frankish lands had far better manners and were more respectable than the women of his own country. Once the city’s nobles were done calling on the ambassador, he began to repay their visits. He gazed upon their homes, with their orderliness and good management, and their comfortable way of life. It struck him that there was a notable difference between the law and order in Frankish countries and law and order in his own land, which was beset with tumult, trouble, oppression, and tyrannical leaders who lorded over their subjects.25 He would privately confess all this to his officials, who would tell me what he’d said, as they were in agreement with him. After a few days, the minister told the interpreter and some senior government officials to take the ambassador to l’Opéra. This was a place where extraordinary and wondrous plays took place during the wintertime. People
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� � ا � ف�ل���ص� ا �لت��ا ��س� ل ع
ب � � ا��ا ب ة � � � � � ب� �ة � ا �� � � ب �ة ��ب ة � � ة ل ���� د �ل�ك ا� ك� � ا � ل � �ه �� �ب�ا �لر� او � � او � ب�ل � �ود �و�كة�ة�ً�د �� 1ة� ��م ار �� �ة��ة�ر ك��� �م � ب و م�� � ل�لك ل�ة��ل� ب���ل ا �ل� ب ة� � ة ج ب� ة ب ب ب ا ب � ةا ��ل ب �ل ا �ل�� ب� ب ب �� � � �ب ب ب ب ة ة ة � ل � � � � � ل � س � � ل ا ا ا ا ا � م � � � � م د � � � � � �� ح ���د �� د � ب� ر ر � و � ة � حب� ر� �� ��مة� و ح � �� � ب� ة� ا �ل� ب �ة� �م� ب �ة� � � ب ب �� �ة ا ��ل ا �مب���� ��� ب��م�ا ���ة ا �ا ��ل ح�ة� ا �ة ب�ل�رب� �ب����د �م�ا ا ب� � ة � ب � ب � � ة �� ح�د � م�� ا د � ر ب��� ا ة� ��م ار �ة� ا �ل� ب��ة� ة �ل ب �ة� ة ج ا � ة �ة عة �ع ب �ه �� � ب � ا ا ا �� �ة ة �و �س���م� ��د � ا ة� � ح�ةس م� ��� ر ل�وك�. م ب ��� ب � ا �� ا � � �� ب � � ا� � ة ب �ا ب ة ب حب �� �م �و�كةة�ة��د �ب�ا ��س �م ب �ب��� � �مر� ا �ل�ورلر �وك��ل� �� او ا �ل� ب ل �� �ب� �لر� او ا �� د �ل�ك ا� ك� ح � � م�� � ر ً س ل ج ة ة� ة � � ب ب � � ا �� ب � �ب � �ة � ا � ة � ا �� ب� �ة � � � �ب ب � �� � ط � س �م ار ��� ا�ام�د ل���ور .حة��ً�د �رب ا �ل� ب ل ��� �د � ح�� ب �م� ع�� �و ل���ة ر � ��� �مس ا ��� ح�ل�و� ا �ة� � ب ة ج م ة�� ب � � ا� ط��س �ة � ا ��ل ب � م��ا ب ب��د ب � ح��ل ب��ا ب��م��ه ب��ا � � ا � � � ا � ا � د � ح� � � ك � � � ل ل ��� � ار��ة ة� �و�هو� �ع ار �ب�ا �ب�� �م��ل�و��ة��� �و�م ب� � ك � ة ��و ب ة� ب ب ة � ���ة��� ب � ة ة � � ���ا ب� لبر� او ة��� ب ��ب� ك�� م��ا ب� �م��ة���� ��� ���� ا �ل�ارك� � ك� ح�ا ب�� ب� ر� او �ة� ��ط�و�ل��ل �و س�م�� ���ل ب� ةس ا �لر� او �� �ك��س� ةس ة ع ة ة ب �ة م � � � � ة � � ة س �������� ��م�ا ب����� ا �ب �لب��ا �ل�ا ب��� � �ه� ���م���� ا�ام�ة���� � � �ل�� ��ا � � د ا � ا �� � ح��ل ا�م�����ور ور و ب ب و ر �وك���ل ك�� �م ب ة ع ة ةر و و ل ب ب ب �ب ح ����� ا ب��ل �وا �ب�ا ة� �م ب ب� �و بر ة�ببس ��ة�ر � ك� م���ل��. �� د را لبر �و� �و�� س ب � � ب ب ب ب ب � ة �� ��� ���ة�� �� � �����ا ���م ب ا �عب�� ا � ��ل � بء �م ب ا�ا� �ة ا م�� ���ة�ر ا �ل�دةلس ��س ��ة� ا �را �لر� او �� ����ة� ك���ل �وك��ل ور � س ة� و ب ر س � ب ب ب �ا ب ا ��� � ا � � ب � ب ح��د �عر���س �ة�ا �� ب� برء ا ��ل��دةل بس �ه� ا ��ل�� � او �ةرب� ا ��� � ك� � او � م�� � ا�م��ل���و ب� ����ة� ك��ل و ح�د �عر�����ةس ة ة م � ب �� ح��د � �ل ا � � �ب ب �ا ب ا � � �و��ا ��ل �� ب� برء ا ��ل��د �ة� �ه�و ���ة��ا ب��ة���ل � ك� ح�د د�� ب� � او �ل��دةلس �ب�ة�ر�ة��د � او م�� � ا�م�ل���و ب� ك���ل � او � ب و � ب � � ب �وا ة� �مر� او ا�ام��ل���و ب� ا ب� ك� ح��د �ب��ة�ر�و� � او � ��ا �ب�ل او ��م�ا ب��ة��� ا �و ��م����� ا �و ���ل�� ���� ا �و � او � ح��د �مب�� حب� لةر�و�� ج � ب�م � �ة�� �� � ا �� �ع ب � ���� � م�ا ب � ����ةه� ب �ا ب ب � ب ���� ��� ���دد ا �ل�ا�ب �لب��ا ر ا ب� ك� �� ��� � � �� � ��ة� ا �و�ل ب�ر ا �و ��ة� ب �ل بة ��وم �ة� ��د وة �ل �ل ك� � بو ة ب � ة� �� ا ب ب ا ة ب � ب � �� � �� � �� ا � � � ب � � اب ب ا � ب � ب ا ب� ���� �� ل ���س��ر� �مس �ة��د� ��ة� ���دد ا �ل�� �ل�� ر ا ��� ��ة� ا �و ا ��� �ل� �مك�� د ل�ر�� ب����د �م� ب��ة��هب���س م�� ب ة��� ة ب ب � �ب �ل ا � � �ة � � � � � � � ا ��ل�� بد �� �ة�ب�� �عب ���س�� ��� �وب� �����ة�ر ��ة� اة�� ب��ا ب� بر �ة��د � �وا ل�لك ا �لر ب� �ر� ح�ا �ل ب��ة��� ��ط� او ا ���� ل ح�ل� او � �م� �ب�ةر�و � � ة ب س بم � �� �ا ب ا� ا � � �ب � � � �ة ب � ب ب � ب � ا ا ا � ��ل��ل��بد �ة� �م�وك�� م�� � �كب�ة��د � � ���س��ر� �و��ة� � � ا� � ل�� ا �� � ك� ���ل ���� د �ل�ك ا� ك� ����ل ا �ب�� ب� ح� � م ة م�� � ا�م� ��مر�ل� �ة� �� ل ب ة� ب � � � � ��ل��� ح�ة� �ل�ا ا � ح��د �ة��د � ح��ل �ل�ه ب��د�. ة ة � �ا ب ا �� � � � ح��ل� او ا �ل�ا ب ��ل م��ا ب� � او �ةرب� ا ��� � ك� �� ا ���� ا �و�ل � ��ة����ور� �و��ه� ا ���مر�ب� � ك� ب��د ب� م�� � ا�م�ل���و ب� ة ة ة � ة ���ب��ةس � � ب ة �ا ب ب ة ��س��ا ح��ل ب ح��ل ا � �لو������� ���ل�م�ا ب� �ود ب� ��� �ل�ا ب� ح��ل� او ب��م�ا �عة��� ��ة� ���ا �ة� ����� ��ور� � او �ب �ل �� او ا �ل�ب� �ل او ب� � ب � ب ب � �م�ا ا �� ة� ا ��ل�ا � ة م��ا ب� � �س��ا ر �مب����و ب� ���� �عر ب��س د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ح���� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �ب��د ا د ا ب� رة ح��ل ة� � ب � � ة ب ة ب ب ة ب � ب ة ة ا ��ل ة � ��س��ا ر �ة���� ��� �ا �ع ��� � ح�� ��مب�� �ب�ا � ا �ل���سم��س ا ��مر�ك� �م بس د ا � ة� ب ح��ل � بو�ل���د ��لة���ل ��ة� ة��م ة � � ة �م ب ا ��ل ب �م�ا ب� �م�ا ا �� ة� ا ��ل�ا ا �ة ب�ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل ة ��س��ا ر �وة����� ب �م ب د ا ب� ��� ر رة س ر ح��ل ��ة� ب��ة��د����س ا �ل������ل ب ةس س ع أ ت 1ال��ص�ل :و����ت�� ً��.
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Chapter Nine
would go there twice a week. The interpreter, acting on behalf of the minister, invited the ambassador to go that very evening, and he accepted the invitation. I happened to be at the ambassador’s palace at the time. When I heard the news, I was overjoyed. I went to tell my master about it, and begged his permission to let me join the ambassador’s retinue and witness the spectacle. I received his permission and headed back to the ambassador’s palace to wait until the appointed hour. The representatives of His Excellency the minister arrived and invited the
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ambassador to accompany them. He left the palace with his entourage, and I joined them. The ambassador and the minister’s men climbed into a royal carriage and headed off to the opera. We all entered together. It was a vast space with tall columns and two long galleries—one on each side. The galleries were divided into small sections, each of which could accommodate no more than eight people. The sections were like boxes, and each had its own door. Inside each box were a balustrade and benches made of ornately carved walnut. Each box had a price. For example, a seat in the first set of boxes, which
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was at the very end of the gallery, cost a piaster.26 The second set of boxes was higher up and closer to the stage; a seat in one of those boxes cost two piasters. The third set of boxes, which directly faced the stage, had a price of one gold piece per seat. Whoever wished to attend a play—either alone or in a group of eight or five or three people—had to visit the opera the day before to see the agent, who would sell him a ticket for the number of people attending and the category of box in which they wished to sit. Once he’d received the money, the agent would write out a ticket in his own hand, certifying that he had received payment for a specific number of people, and indicating which box they were permitted to enter. The people, upon arriving at the opera, would hand their ticket to the usher, who would lead them to the seats indicated on the ticket. Then the door to their box would be locked so no one could go in. They brought the ambassador into the first box, the place of honor, and the closest to the stage. His retinue were given the second box, and the doors were kept open for the sake of space. When we sat down, all I could see was a curtain hanging across the width of the stage. After a few moments, a great white light began to glow behind the curtain. It was so bright it seemed to me the sun itself was shining on it. A moment later, the curtain rose, revealing an
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� ب �ً ب �ا ب ������ � � ب��ل�� � ب ا � ب ب ح��� � ب���� ا ����س ا ة � ا �و�ل�ا ��� ����د ر د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� �� ر � ة ر و ب م�� � را ��ة� �م���ل ب� ب ل و ة ح��ةس �م� ��سة���ةس �ب�ة�س ة ة � � � ا ��� ب � � �� � � � �ب ح�� ب��س� � � ا �� �ب ��� � ب ا ب ح��ل�� ب � ب ح�� ب ح�ا ا � ل � س ا � � � ه � � � � � � � � ل ل � د د د � � ةس و ر ب ةس �ل�لك ا �ل� ب � ر ع �م�ة ر م و �ة� ة �ل ل�ك ب ب �ل ة �� و �ل ح�ةس � ب ة ب� ة ة � �م بس ب��ة ��و�ة���� ��� �����ا ��ه �و �رب� ا ��ب� ��س���� ب� �لو��س �م بس �ك��س� �ب �ل�ر �و����بر� �ور��� � �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك ة م ا م ةع ب ��� � ة� �ة �ة ة ا ب �� ا ��ل�� بد ل ب ا ��ةم� �م ب ا � ا د � � � �ا ��� ط�س �ة��س�� ب �م�ا �� ب � � ا س � بو�ل���د �م� را ��ة� ���د ك�ل� �وح��� � ك��ل ة س رة ���م س و م وب��� ة م ةس � ب ب � �ا �ا �ب ا � او د � بد �ة� �ب �بل��� �و ب� ��� حة��ا �ل� ة� �و�ل� ا ���سب��ا � � ل ح����د �م بس ��ة�ر ر��ة ب�. س س م ج � ���� � � ل�� � ب�ع�سم�� �� �ب ة� ��� ا ��ل�ا ب�� � ب� ب� �م ب �ا ب ب ب � ب ��ل �و�ل���د � ب��ة����� ا �ةة�� ا�ا ك� م�� � �ولر�ل �مس ا ب��و ة ب ة ر ور ر ة� ر س و رج س ب م ة � � ا ��لب � �� �ب ب ا �ب � �ا ب ة � ة ا ا � � � ل � � � ل � ��� �و �� را ����� �� ب �م�ل�و�� �و �� �ة��د� � ك� ح��ل ��ط�و�ل��ل ا � �ل�� �م�� ب�ة � �� �ل�لك ة�سم�� ر ب� ع�� ر ة ة ح�� ب ة�� ة ة ج � � ب � � ب ب ب بب � �� ا � �لب��ا ب �� � ب �ل� �ب� � �ه� �م��� �م�ا ���� � � �ه�و�م�� ��سس� ا �ب�ب� �مر �م ب��� ��ا ب��ة��د ا �ةل�� �ل ط ط � عولةر� ��ة�ر � �� � ب بة ���س�و و و � ة ب ع ب � ب ع��م ������� � ا �ل ب�� � � ح�� ا �ل ب�� � � ب ���ل �مب � � ع��م ب��ل�� � �وك�� ��م�ا را ��ة ة� ا �ل�ا ب�رب� �م بس د ا ب� و ة ل ���م ع�مر� �مس � � ر ر ب ة م ج �� ة �� ب ا � ا �ل� �ة � � � � � ا ��ا � ا��ة ا � ا ����� ب ط� �� ا ��م�� ب ب ة � � � � � � � � � � � � ط � � ل �ه ه � � ح � � م�د ل � �� � � � � � � � � � م � � � م � � ك � � ل � � � ل ل رو د �و� �ل� بر �� ع��مر م و ب ةس ل و ة ةس ب وة و � � �م � � ا� ا � �س�ةه��� � ة���� �� �ه� �ةل��ل�ك ا �لب����ل�م�ا ب� � ا ��� ا ا ا ة � �و����سم�ا ��ل� . مو� ة � حة�ب�ً�د �ب��د ة� ا �ل� �ل� ة� ا�ا � و ة و ب ���� �ة� �ب� � �� او � �م���ل و ب م ة � ا� ا ة � �ب � � ة ة ب ا� ة �ا ة ب �����ل�ك ا �ل��د �� ب� �م ��ط� �ب �ل���ةس ا ��� او �����م ��� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل� �ل�� ����ة� ب��ة��د����س ا �ل������ل �ب����د ا ا�م���د ا ر ع �ة � ب ة ب �وا ����ة�. ح�ة� ا � �ل����ة�ر �عب� ة� �ع بس �� با ة ة � ب � ً �ة ب� � ا� ا �� � �س��ة��ا �م�� ا � ب�� �و�� ���ة��د ا ر �ب����ب� ����ا ��� .ا � ح�ة را � ك �س��� ة� ا �ل� �ل� ة� � او ب��ة��د ا د �ل��ك ب � � ح�� �ب����ا � ا ��ة��ة��د �م� ا ا ����� ا ��� ب��� ب �ل���د ا ��� ب��� ب ا �ل�ا ب� حة�ة��ا ر �ة��ة بر�� �ب�ا �ل�ا�������ا ر �ب����و ة� ر ب� ةس �م بس �ة�ة�� ب���ك رو ة و ة ةس ب ة م ً �م ب �ب ب � ب � ة ا ��لب����ل�م�ا ب � ا �������ا ��ا � ل د � ا ���ل��� ا �� ب � � �� ���ا �ب�ا �ل�����رب��ب���ه �ل��د �ة��د ����ة� �ب�ة�ر���ة� ا�ام��ل�وك �و�ام�ا �مك��ل� او �م بس �ل��ل�ك � و � ب ة وةر و ة ة � م ة ب ًا � ب � � � � �ا � بد �� � ا � ا ب ح��ًا ك�� �س�ة��ا �م��ة�ك� ��ل ة ا ��ل����ا ��� .ا ب حة���ا � ���ا �ل�ا�و�ل � او � ة � � � ��� ا � �� �وب� ك � � ل ا �ل��������ا ر �ب��د� ا �ة�� � � ل ك � � م ة ر ةر ر ب � �ب ح����ة ��� ب ة ب � �و�م�ا ��� د ��ا ب� �و ��ب� ا ر�ة�لب��ا ��� ��� ��ل �ةل��ل�ك ا �لب�ة��سم�� � او ر�ة ب�ل�� ا ���� ا ب��ل � � � ةس ا ر� �ل�� ب��مة�� ا �ل��د �ة� و � ب ة ة � ة ع ع ع ب� �� ة � ا ة ب ب � �ب م��ا �ب � �م ار ��ا �ع �ة��سم�� �� �ة��� ا �ل�رك� � � ���ا � د ا ة� �����ور �ود �ة �ل او ب� �ود �وب �� ه ك ك ط � � � ح�ا �ب�ا ة� ���ا � �م�و ب�� � � � ر ة م � ب ة � ب ب ب � �� �ا �� � ���ل � �م�ا � � �� د �� � �م ب ا�م�ا ��� ب ��������� �م ار ��� �����ل��ط�ا � � ار �����ا. و�سب� ب ة��ك بل �و ر و ة��سب� ل�ك س � س ب ة � ة � �����ا ��ا ���ةهب� ���� �مم ب� �م ب ب ح�ا � ا ب���ب�� � او �� �� د �و ب� ب� �م ب بد ��ل��ك ا ����ا � �م��ل�ك �مة�� ب� � و � ب ب� ب ب ر و و س ة ر ب ة� س ر م س ج ج �ة ا ا� � � �ب � �ا � ب ة � �� � � � � ب ب ب �وا ��سة�� مس �ور را 1 �و�ل�ب���س ا �لب��ر�ة���ل �و���لة��� �ة��ب��� ا�ام�� �لوك �و�� �و�ل� � ��ة�� ب� �م�لك �ة� �ة��د� �و � � �ب ب �ا ب ا ا� � � ب � ب ب � � �ة ة ة � او ك� ���ا لبر ا ��ل��د �و��ل�� ا ��� ا ب� �و����ل ا ��� ا�ا ك� م�� � �م��ةس .حة��ً�د �رب � �وا ا �ة� �م�ل� ��ا ��� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل����ل�م�ا � ة ة � ة � ا � ا ة ا� ة �ا ب ��� ا ا � ب ���ا ��ل�ا� ��ل � .ب �س��ة��� ����ا �ة�ا �و�ب���ل� او ا �ل�ر��س ا �م�ا �م�� �ور ب� �و � ����ط� �� او ك� و حة��ً�د �ب��د � ا �ل� �ل�� ا�م�و� ة � او ��� ب 1ال�أ ص� :ف ور ر. �ل
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Chapter Nine
astonishing scene. First, there was what appeared to be a mountain in the very center of the stage. It was covered with trees, among which peasants walked with their donkeys. And at the foot of the mountain was a village, where peasants, men and women alike, bustled in and out of their houses. A group of cows, goats, and other animals stood nearby, together with some shepherds. I had to look twice to confirm that everything I saw—people and beasts alike— were real, and not specters or phantoms. It was unmistakable: They were creatures of flesh and blood! A few moments later, the stage was plunged into darkness. A large cloud
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floated down out of thin air and settled on the ground. Inside the cloud was a tall man with a white beard. He wore a royal crown and carried a crooked cane, and was so striking in appearance that you couldn’t take your eyes off him. He intoned some obscure and incomprehensible words, and suddenly twelve young girls and twelve young boys emerged from the cloud. Not one could have been older than fourteen. They wore golden royal robes and were as luminous as moons, and they lined up on the right and left sides of the stage. Then the musical instruments began to play, and the boys and girls joined in with voices as pure as gold filament. The harmony of voices and instruments was so mesmerizing that I utterly lost track of time. The orchestra played for half an hour. Then it fell silent, and the old man
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began to chant some verses in a melodious voice. As he did, the boys and girls walked forward to him in pairs, responding with their own verses, set to melodies so beautiful they would charm a king. Once they finished singing, the orchestra began to play again and continued for the rest of the hour. Then the old man climbed into the cloud once again, and it rose into the air and disappeared. Meanwhile, everything else that had been onstage flew up too, and vanished in the blink of an eye! In its place appeared a palace as splendid as the palace of the king of France, complete with towering columns, pavilions, salons, crystal windows, and other beautiful features. The palace had an arched entryway made of black and white marble. From it emerged a king in purple robes, a crown upon his head, and emanating a royal aura. He held a scepter in his hand and was surrounded by a retinue of ministers and grandees. The king strode forward to a designated spot, and the boys and girls came out to greet him, kissing the ground before him, then returning to stand in line once more. The instruments began to play again, and
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ب �� � � � � �� ا ب � ب �ة� ة ��سسب���� � ة����هة �ك���ل ة� ا � ب�� �و�� ��� ا �و�ة��ك ا � ����ا �ة�ا � او �لب����ل�م�ا � �ب�ا � �� او ة� ر�ة�سم�� �م�ل�� �ة��ة�� ةا � � م � � و � � ب ل ب ب م ب � ب ب ا ةة ا� ���� � � ب� � �م ب د ا ب ب � م��ا ب� � ب � ب � ح��� ب ع ل ح��ل���ا ����ة��� ب��مة���ل��ة ا ��ل � � � � � � � س ا � �� � �� ا� ا � م ح � � � � � �م � � � �� م ك � � ب ة و ر و ب � ة ب ر و س س ر ب ة س ج م ب ب ة ح�ة���ا ���ط�ب���ل�� ب � ط�س ح ب��ا � �وك�� � ���ا �ب���� �م�ل���ة�� ���� �و������ ا ب� ةس ك� ���ل � او � ح��د ��ة� �ة��د� ��مو��س �و� �����ا ب�. � �و ب ج م م ب� � � � ا �ب � ب �ا ب � ب ة ةة �����ا ر� �ل��ل�� ���س ��� د �ل��ك ا�ام��ل�ك � او �ل� ��ط���ا �ل �ة�ب� �م �بر �لو� �ب�ا �لب�ب���ل �م بس ��ة�ر � �بر�� �و�ل� را �ل ة� ع ا �� � ���ل�� � � �ب ب�ل� � ا �م ب �ل�� ب ���� �ل�� ب �ةل��ل�ة� ��� ������ � ة��م��ل�ة��� � �ه� ��ب ب��� �مب���ا ا ��� ا ب� �ة �����ا � ا � � � � ك � � � ب ة و و و و � ر ب وو ر � ة م ر سب �مب س س � ب بة ا ب ب ا ب � ة ب ة �� �ل� � � ة � ة ا ب ب ب ة � ا � � � ط ل � � � � ا � س � � � � � � ��ب��� ��لة��� �ود � �ك�ب��ةلس ا ����� ع� ح��� ا �ل� ��ط��� �ل � او رل���� ا �ة� ا ب � ح�ل�� ا �ة� �ل�لك ة�سم�� ب �و ب � �ة �ب ب � � ��ل ب ا ة � ا ب � ة ة � ا ب� ب � � ب ا � � ا ب ب � �و�� �ب� �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا���ةس �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� ا ������� ا �ل�ر�س �و�ربج م � ��� ��سة� ��ط� � �ب��د�� ب� ��ط�و�ةل��ل ب� � � ب ب �بلب ب ب ب ة ح�ا ب� �و��� � ��� ا ب�ل �م��ل�ة��و ة� ا ب��ل ���ل��د �و ��ة� ب�ر�و ب� �ب ��ة� �و ب� د �ل��ك ا�ام��ل�ك ب�� ب��ا ر �ود ب� ح�� � �و �و ��ة� �ل��ل�ك �� ب ة ج ب ج � � ��ا �ب�� ب ا ��ل��د ة�ة ��ة��� ا ب��ة��د ا ا�ام��ل�ك ة ب� ���ا �بم ���ل���ط �ولر�ع�� �ول ب �ر��د ك� ةس. ة ة ةب � ا ���س��� ا � ا بد ��ل�� ا ��ل ���س� ���ط�ا ب � ا�ا�م��ل�ك ا ب� � ح ب�� ب �� � �ل ا ب��م�� � � ب ا ��م� ���ل�م� ��و ة ر و ك ة � و ���م �ة��ل� �ة���ة��ب � ط��س�ة� ب�م و� بر و ة � ��ب ب �� � ب � �م�ا ا ���ا � ا�ا�م��ل�ك ب�ب��ة ا�ا�م��ل� ح��د� �و�ه�و ة �� ط ا �ل�ا�������ا ر ���� �م�ا ا ���ا �ب�� � �و �لة ��و�ل ����ل ���د ا � � ك � و ب �ة� ة ة� � � �ب ا�ا�م ب ا � ا � �ب ا �� �ة ب ا � � �مب � م� ا � �ب ا ا �� ة � ا � ا ب� � �م ب ا � ا ��ب ب ر ة� �ة� �� م و �ة� ة��� ��س � ��� و ه�و �ة �و ���� �م� ر ة� و �ل� ربج س �ل�ر س ع ة � � ب ب ب ب� بب � �ك�� ا �ل ب ا �ل� �ع ا �م��د ة ب �س � ح ة� � او � �ل�ر��س �و �و� ح ة� � بو�ل���د� �م� ��� �ة��� �و����ا د� ���ل�م�ا را ء ا�ام��ل�ك د �ل��ك ل برع �و ة �ع ة � � ب ب � � ة ا ب ب ب ا ��لة ب � � ب � � �وب�ا � �و�ام�ا �ب�ا � � ب� �م ب ا �ل�ر��س ا ر�ل� ا ���ب�س�ا ر ��� ا ر�ل� � ا �� ا �ل�س �س ح ة� �ب�ا ب��ة� �� ح ة� �و�ام�ا ك���ا �� ة� ر س � ب ة بع ر ة ة م م ج ع ب �� ا ة ب ة � � ���ا ب�� ة ةل �م ا �بع���ا ب �م �ة�� � ة �� ا � �ا ا ��سم�وا ح�ة� ��� ر� او ا ��ب�س� ر ب���� ر �و ة � �ور ����ل ا ��ب�س� ر ل�س�مة� � �و� ��ط�و�ل ك� � ر �ة� ب ب ��� د ��ل��ك ا ��ل��مرلر �و�ه�و �ب�ا ة�� ك� ����. ���ا �ب�� ��ة� ر�و ب� � م ة ة �ب ب � � ة� ة ب ح ة ا ��لة�ب ح ة� �� ب��ا �ة ��س��ا ة� � ��ب ���د ���� ���س��ا ��ا �ة ة ة ح ب ب � � س � � �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�وك� را ��ة� �ربج �مس � ب و ة� ة ة � ب ب ب م � � ��� ب � � ���ا � ا ���د � � ا �م�ا ���د � ا ��لة ب �س ح�� ر� ح ة� � �و�� ب���ر� او ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل ���سب��ا �ب�ا ة� ب� و رو ة ورو ة ور حة�� �ل�د �ة��د ��ة� س ة ة �م � � � ة ب � �ة ة ة ب ب � ا ا ب ب ب ��� او ��� ا ��� ة�� ب�ل��ل��� ����� �و�ل���د � بة�بس ���ل ب� ا � ب��و� � او �ب����ا ��س �ة�ول��ل�� ح���� ا ����ب��� �مس ا � ��و� �و�� �ب� � ب م م م م ع � ب � � ا�ا� � � ��ب�ب �� ا � ا � ا � � � �ب ب � � ��ل � ب � ب��مة�� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا���سة��ا �ور ب� ���ا �ل�ا�و�ل �و�ه�و �ة� د �ل�ك ا ط �ب� �ل������� ر ك ��ا �ل بل �رل ة� �� د �ل�ك م�لك ة �� بع ة ب ا ة � � م � � ا بع ة � � ا ��لب ا ة �ة��سسة � �ة � ة� �د� � � ح���ا � � � ا � � � � � س � � � � � � ل ا �� م � � � � � � � م ح � � ل ل � � � � � � � � � � � � م ب ة و ر� �� �ة� �مر� �ل�لك ة و ر ب � � ك و ب ب ة� ب � ب � ب ب� � ة ب ةة �� بب �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� د ب� ح��ل ة� ا�ام��ل����� �ورا ء ة� ���د � ا �ل����ا �ر� �ع ب��د� ���� ب� ��ب�� ة� �ور ب�ر� �ل��ل�ك � ا �ب ب ��ل � ح��ل ة� ��لب�ة�س�مة ���ا �و�و��ل ة� ���ا ر��� ا ��� ا ب��ل ا �ل��م ار � ��م� ا ��ا �ل د ب� �و. �� � ب ة �ة ب ةة ة ا� � � ا� �ب� � ب ة ب � ة � ا ا � � ����ب� ا �ب�� �ة�ل�� � � � � � � � � � � ا � او ������ ا�م��ل����� ا �ة� ا�ملك �و��� ر� �لوب � ب� ك ل ��ل م ��� رم ���ة� ���ل� ���د ة ة � �� � ب ب �ب � ا �� ب ا ب ��� � ا� ب� ب ة��س �� ��� ا �م ا � � �ا � � ا ��ل�ة ل ل ��� ���د ا ا ك� � � س ا ���ل� � ا�م� �� � � م �� � �� � ح � � � � م � ل � م �� ب� � �� �ع ب� � � ب ع � و ةم ع ر � ر �ة� ب ب م ة 62
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Chapter Nine
the boys and girls sang along in sweet, angelic voices until the orchestra fell silent and the stage went dark. A moment later, a large cloud floated down from the sky, and a beautiful young maiden emerged from it along with a pair of small children. They looked like angels, as each had wings and carried a bow and arrows. The maiden began to converse with the king while the children shot blunt
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arrows at him. When he spurned her attempts to win him over, they quarreled and turned away from each other. Looking furiously at the king, the maiden climbed into the cloud with the two children, and it rose up and disappeared. Suddenly, the ground split open and a demon appeared! He had a long tail and contorted skin, and as he emerged from the earth he spat fire and smoke in the face of the king. Then he vanished into thin air, leaving the king ranting and raving and foaming at the mouth like a madman. At the sight of the demon and the mad king, the retinue of ministers and
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nobles fled in terror, fearing they might suffer the same fate. The king was left alone, reciting verses about what had befallen him and asking himself if he was dreaming or awake, all the while in a state of delirium. Suddenly, four bedposts emerged from the ground, followed by a freshly made bed with a pillow set upon it. Seeing it, the king settled into the bed and fell asleep. After he drifted off, four trees sprang up out of the ground at the four corners of the bed. As the trees grew taller, they sprouted branches thick with foliage and soon towered over the bed, sheltering it like a canopy. The king appeared to be sleeping in a garden. Then some beautiful maidens with reed flutes emerged from beneath the
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king’s bed. They began to dance around it, playing soft, sweet lullabies on their flutes as they spoke to the sleeping king in their own languages. A few moments later, he woke up, and everything around him disappeared. He returned to reciting verses as he had before he’d fallen asleep; then the cloud with the maiden descended to the stage once again. She fawned over him, trying to seduce him, but the queen appeared and caught the sorceress weaving her spells upon the king. The angry queen lashed out at the maiden, who climbed into her cloud and escaped into the air. The queen then turned to the king and began to reproach him bitterly. How could he debase himself with such a woman, a sorceress who had driven him to madness? At this rebuke, the king flew into a rage, drew his weapon, and
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ب ب ��� � � ب � ا �ب ب� ا �ة ا �بب � ا ��ل ب ا ب �م ب � ب � ا ب �م بر���� �ة� ح� � �� ب� �����د �ة��د ��ا ��سة���ل ����ل ح� و� �ع ب� �مر���� �ربج ��س�� � س ب ح� ب� ا �ل��ر ا ة ��ة ب ة � ب ب �وا ر����� �م�و� �م�ل�� ��� �بر� او ���ا ر�ب�� بس � او ���ل�م� او ا ر�ب�ا ب� ا ��ل��د �و��ل�� �ك����� ��� ة� �م�اة��ة��� ���ل�م�ا ��ب� �مر� او ب�� � ة ة م � � ب �ب حب �م � او ا ب��ل ��� � او � ح��ل� او ���� ا�ام��ل�ك � او ر�ة�لة��و� �و ب� � ��ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� ب��ا �ة��ا �م� او ب��مة�� ح ب��ود �ود ب� ح��ل���و� � � ر ة� م � �� ��ا ب �� ��� ا�ا�م�� � � ا ة ا �������س � �ب ا ��ل ا � ا � ب � � ا ا � � � � � � � ا � ك �م بس ل�ر �ة� لك و��� ر� �و�ط �ود م� ���د � ة � �ة� ��مرة� و�� ب� �ل م� ك� � م�و ب � � �� ا � ب � ب �م ب ا �� ب� ا � ا � ا�� ب � ا�ا� ا ب� ا � �م ب �ب � � ب� ب � ح�ا �م �و��ا �ة�ب��س ا�ام�ا ء ب��ة�� ��� ���� � �ة� � س لرح� م �ل�ب ة���س وم� ح� ر ب �سس ر �و��س ب ة ج س� م� بع � ب � ب ب �و��س ا ����ا �ل ��. �و��ا �ة�ب��س ا ����ا �ة� ب��ة�� ��� ����� � ب ة بً � � ا � ا 1ا � �����ك ا ��لب����ل�م�ا ب� � ا ���� ا ا ح�ة�را �ب��د ة� ا �ل�ا �ل�ا ة� ا�ا�م�و� ة �ة � ة �ة ب � ا� ���� �ة� �و��� ر� او و ب �س�هة�� ���د � �و�رب �و وة � ة ة ة ة � ا �� ��� ���س �م ب ب��� ب� � ة �ب ب �ب ب ب لةر����� او ا �����ةس ب�ل���د ا �����ةس لبر����س م � س ة ر ح�ل� ��� � � بو�ل���د �م� �مك��ل� او �مس ا �لر����س�ع�م��ل� او � بم ة ب ب � � �� ة��م ب � �� �� � � ��ل���ل�ا ب �م ل ب � �م ب � ب�� � ا�ا�م�ا ء � �م�ا ��� د ��ل�� ا ةل ا ��ل�ة��ا ل � ل ا � � ا ا � ح � �د ل د � � . � �� � � � ل � � ك ر و و ر و و � س و و ة ً رةس ب ��ة� �ل�ل ب ة� ع � � ب ب � ب �ة ة ا �ب �لب��ة � ��س��ا ا �� ة ��� � ب �� � ة ب ح��د ��ب� ا � بل�ه � ب��ا ب� ح ب� ��ة ��� ا � مس �وك� �م� ا � � ا �ل ة ر ر ة� �ل � �و��س �وك���ل ����ة� �ل���ة�ر ة � � �� � ب ةب ��ب ة ا ب ��� ب ��ا ب ا�ا� �ا � ج �� ب ب ب ةة �و��س ���ا ب�� ة� �وك��� �س ب � م و ��ل � ح�ا ر�ة� �م بس �ل�ور ا �و ا ��� ��ب�� .ا�ا�م ار د ب�ل���د ا ر� �ل��ا ��� ا ��� ب ع م ب � ً� � ب � � ب � � � ب �� ة �ب �ب � �ر�� �ع بس ���د ا ا�ا ك� ا�ا ك� م��ا � �و�م�ا ��� د ة��ب��ا � ����ة� ا �ب��د ا �و�مك���ل ا�ام��ل���و ب� � او �ل�د �ة� د ل م��ا � �و���د ا ا�ام��ل���و ب� � � � �ب � ب ة � ب �مر � او �ل��س�م� ����ة� ب��ة�� ��و�� ا �ل�و����. �م�ا �ه�و����ة� �ب�ا �ل����سب��ة� �ع بس ا �ب�ب� ع ب � ة � ب ة� � ب� � ا ب �ًا ب ب ا � ا ��ل � � � � �ة � ا ب ���ا ب� � ا �ة��ب��� ب ا � ل � ا ا ا ا ا � � � � � � �م � � � ح�ة ر ������س �ل� ب��� �و ��� ا �ل� ر ب �م� ��� � ك � ل � � � � � � ر و و و ر و و ب ب و و و ةس ة ة ب �ب ب � � ا��ا ب �� � ا �� �ب � ب ب��م � ا �� ب�� ا ا �� � ب ل ب � ب م�� � � او �� �ودةلس �� د �ل�ك ا� ك� ��ر�ه� ب�� ب��ا ة� ا �ل�ا�م�ا ر� ���� �����ةس ة� ل ���� ل�دة س ك ���ا � �ل او �م�و ب�� ة م ة ع ب � � ���ا لبر ا�ا�م�دة�� ب��� � او �و�ل�اد ا �ل�ا�م�ا ر� �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� بد ��ل��ك �و� �و�ب����ا ء ا ك� ح بس �م�ا ررةل بس ��س�م�� ة� �م بس � او � ح��د� � ب ب ا ة � ا ا � ة � ة �ة ب � ا ��ل � ا � ب ب ب � ب � ب ب ة �ب مس ب���� � ا �ل��م� � ����� ٢س� د ا �ل� � �م� ا � � �ل ��� ��ة� �ل����ا � ا � �ل� �ر����ا �و�ة� ا �ة��� ة� �و���ل ة� ر ب �م س ب��ة� بو ة� ب � م � ب ب � � ة ب �ة ا ����د ا د �ب�ا ���د ا ا �ل�� بل� ب � ��ط ا � ب��ا ���� ���ل�م�ا � ا �ب � ا ب �� ب ب ا ا� ا ب ا � ة ة � ب ب � � � ����� �ة� �ل���� � ا �ل� �ر���� �و�ة� �م� د ا �ة� �س��ة� ب����ل�� ��ط�ة� �ة� �� س ب� ب ��س� � ة �م ب � ا �ب �ب ة �ة �� ا ا ب �ب �ة ب ح��ا ���ا ��ل�ا�ب���ا ���ل���ا � او ����ةس ط ب�� ���م� �مو���� ح��� ة� �ب�ة� بس ا �ل������ا ء �م بس �ع ��� م�� ��ة� ب� ة� � � �ة م � � ب ب � ة � ا ب �ة � .ا�ا�م ا د ب� ب �ب�ا �م�ا ����ب ���د �مب ح�ا ر ب� ���ا ��� � ��� �و�ر ب� �ة� ا �ل� ب �ل ا �ب��� ح ب��ا ب� �� ة� ���� ا �ب �����س ا �ل��د �ة� � � ر � ب � � � ب ر ر ة ة � ج م ة � ة ب �ا ب �� � ا ب ة � �مب� �ب ا �� ����� � � ا � ا ��ل �ة � � � � ب � � � �م ار ��ة��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� � � � �� ك ا � � م � ك � � � � � � � � � � � � م�� ح ع � ح ل ل � � � � � � و ل س ر ب بر و �ة� ة� ل ب ة و ل ب �ة� �و ب ة� ة � � �ة��ة�ر �ة�لو ب� � او � ب�ل � ح� ة� ا ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� ������ل��م�. � ة أ أ 1ال��ص� :و ف�رو ف� حوا ٢ .ال��ص�ل :ال��ص�ا ر. ل
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Chapter Nine
plunged it into the queen’s waist! The weapon passed through the queen’s body, its point emerging from the other side, and she fell to the ground, dead. At the sight of the dead queen, her servant girls fled in horror and told the nobles what had happened. Rallying together, the nobles summoned some soldiers and climbed onto the throne to depose the king. Then a great cry went up in the palace, and everything on stage disappeared except for a white marble basin, with a marble fountain in the shape of a lion. Water spouted from the lion’s mouth into the basin, and overflowed into a second basin, which overflowed into a third. At last the musical instruments began to play, and the young boys and girls 9.100 emerged on stage again, dancing together in pairs in a respectable manner, without a hint of wantonness. When they finished dancing, they bowed to the ambassador and the rest of the audience, and exited. The marble basin then rose into the air, disappearing without a trace! I was beside myself with wonder. From the moment the curtain had gone up, that basin had remained on stage without moving, while everything else changed. I’d concluded that the basin must have received its water through a pipe or a spring. But that was before it rose into the air! Then the stage went completely dark, and I couldn’t see a thing. The play was over. What I’ve recounted about the opera house and the play is nothing compared to the experience of seeing and hearing it for oneself. It was simply indescribable! The ambassador got up from his seat along with the interpreter and the 9.101 minister’s men, and they all made their way toward the exit. On either side stood all the women who’d been present at the play, most of them princesses, wives of the city’s nobles, and other royals. As we walked by, I heard one of the princesses make fun of the ambassador. I understood French, of course, so I turned to her and replied in the same language. “My lady, why would you speak ill of my master?” Realizing that I had understood what she’d said, the princess quickly disappeared into the crowd of women, deeply embarrassed and ashamed of her rudeness. In the meantime, we made our way through the crowd and left the opera. Each climbed into his own carriage and went on his way, the ambassador returning to his palace and I to my master’s house.
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� ة �����ة�س� ب ب ة � ة ب���ل�م�ا د ب� � ة �����ة�ر �م ب ا � ط�س ��ا ب� ������ل��م� ��ة� ا �����ب ب� ��ط�ا ر�ة� ح�� ة ح��ل�و�ة� ح�ل� را ��ة� � س ة ة ب � ب �ل� ا ��� ّ �ب��ل�م�ا ا �م�ة � �و��ةة�� ط��س ح�� ح���ل ة� ا �م�ا �م��� ���ا ر � او ة�����ا �ل�و�� �ع بس ا ��ل�� بد �ة� راة��ة��� �و��س�م�هة��� ����ل ا �ب�� و ة ة� م �� �� �� ب � �� ب � � �ب � � � ة ب�ع � ا � � ة ة � ب ع ل � ع � � س حبمب�� �ب�ا ب� � � � � حب�ة���� ك��ل ��ة� ا �ل�د ة� راة����� �و �مه��� بحة� ب� ل ��س ا بح ب� �م� را ��ة� �ه�و د ا ك ا � �و س ة م � ا� ا ب �ب � ب ً ة ب �� � ب ا �� � ب � ا � ة �ة ا � �م ب ا � �� ا�ا�م��ل� ا �� ا ب ل � � � � ا ا � � � ل ا ا ا ا � � ء م � � � � � ��سس � ل � � � � � � ح م � � � � ة � ل ل�د ة� �س��� م س و س م بع و ة ر ر ع و س و ب ة� ر ب ر ة � ة � � ا� ا � � ة ب ة ���د ا ا ��ل�� بد �� ا ���ب�س � او�م� ء ب �م�ل�� حب� ة� �م ب��� ا �� ���ر �م بس �ب�ا ة�ة��� ا�ام�ل�� � ع� ب� ا �ل ��ة� ���ا ر ة�. ة ة ة ب � ب � � ���د ا ا ���� ب �م ب ب��م�� ة ة �ب����ا ر � او ة��ة�� ط��س ح�� ���ا ب���ة���لة���ل�� �ل� او �و�ة�ا �ل �ة� � او � ح��د �مب�� ع ا �ل ��ة� راة�� � ةس س ة � �م ب � ��ا ��س��د � ب �ل� �ع ب� ا ��ل �������� � ا �ة � ب���ة ���د ا ا ��ل �و ب��س �ه�و �م ب د �ب� �م�د �ه�و ب� ���س ك� �� ���ل ة ة ة� رة �ل �ة� ب � ب ة س ح�� �ك ���ة� ب ب � ب ب ب ا ��ل ب� ا � � ب� � ب � ب �ة ب � ة ب اا ب � � ��� ��ة� �ب �لب��ة�ر� رح� م و ح�ل�� �م��� ��س��د �و� �مرك� �م�ل� � �مس ا�م� ء �و�ةل���ل�و� �ع ار � ب��ة�� ب � ب ب � �� ��ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا �ل ب ح�� ا�ا�م�ا ء ��ب �� ا �ل��سس� �و�ا�م�ا ��ة��ب �ه� ا ��� ا ����ب���ل �ب��ةر ب� ��س��د �و�ة� �و���د ا �و�م ب��� ب��ة��د ب� � � ب ب ل ة ة � م ة ةع � ب ع � ً � ة �ب ب ب � ا �ل�� ار �� ب��ة��دلةر� ��ل�� �م �و ب��مة�� ���د ا ا�ام�ا ء ب��م�ة��د ا ر � �ر�� �و�م�ا ب��ة��ة�����س �م ب��� ����ة� ا �ب��د ا �و�ل�� ب� ل �� ار ة� ب � ع �ب � ب � ا ��ل��لة��� �ب��ل�م�ا �ب�ة�����س � حب �� او �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا� �وة�ا ر �ب��ر�ة ب�ل�� �ب �لة���ل ����ه�و��ل�� � � ح� �و�م �بر �لو ��ط ب� �لوةلر ا ����ود �م�ا ب��ة��ب��ا � � � � ل ة ة ع بم �ب ب � � ���د ا � 1....بك����ا ��ة��� �ع بس بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� �ول�� حة�ة��ا ر � �وةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ة��سم�� ��د ��ل��ك �ب�ا �كةة� ة� ا�ام�ل�� � � � ع� � � � ة ب ة� � � � ب ب � ب ب�ا � ب � ب � � ا � � ��� ا ا�� ��� ا ب ا ا� ح�ابل ��ة� ���د ا ة���س��م� �����ل��ط�ا � ا ب�ل� �ب �و �ود �ل�ك ا�م�لك ة س�م� �ب� �ل�و��س �و���د ا ا�م�ل� ��و ب� ة س�م� �ل��� ��س ة ة ا� ب ب ة � � ا�� ���د ا ا ��ل�� بد �ة� راة��ة��� ب��مة����� � ح ة� �����ا �ة� �ع بس ����ة�ر� ا�ام��ل�ك �ب�ا ل���و��س. ا�م��ل�ك �ب� ل��و��س �و � ة ب ب �ب � � �� �� � ب ب ة م��ا ب� � ك� �� �ة�� �ب�ا ب� ����ل � ك� ���م �م بس ب�� ب��ا � �و���ل�م�ا � م���ل�� د را �ه�م ���ة�ر �وك���ل ا �ل��دةلس راة�� � م ة� � ب �ب ب �� ب ل�� ةل �بر�ا �ة� ��� ����ل � ك� م��ا � �و ���مر� ح��د� �ب�م او � ح��� �ع بس �ةل��ل�ك ا �ة�ب���ة�را ة� � او � ح��د� �و��ة�ر�ه�م �مس ا � او د �م ك��� � ة ة� م � ة� ط� �ع�ة�� � ���د ا ����� ��� ��� � � � � ب ا ةة �م �ب�ا ا ��لة�سب حب��ة�ر �ع ب��� �ل�ا�ب�� �م ����ب� ��و��ل ب�رك� �و�� ��ل ���ا ة� ة� ب ة � ��ة� و طو�ل ا �ل��مرج �� ��� ر ع ا ب � �ب � د � ا ��ل� ��مب ح����ة ��� ب حة���ل�ب��� ��� ب ح���� � ح�ة ��ب� ��ل ����ا ���ة ب�ع � � ةس ب��ة�ب���ة�ر ب��مة�� �م� ك� ��� ة� ةل ار � � او�ا ك� � م��ا � ب و وة ب ة�ب � �ة� ة ب ة ة � �ع ة ب ا ا ب � ب ة ح��ل � بو�ل�هة��د �ع بس ا � ب� ���ر �و�ل� ب� �����ا ���� �م بس د ا � ح��ل ���د ا �ب��را �هة��� ا �ل����� �ل� ��ة�ر �و�م�ا ب��ة����د ر � �����ا ���د ة ع �� �ب ���ا �ة�� ��ة ��� ��هة�. رك � ب �ا ب ب � ا �� � ا �� � � ب � ب ب ا � � ب � ب �� ب ب � ب �و ��� � ك� م�� � ا �ر ة��س�م� � �مود �ة�� �و�ه�و ��سب��� حة�� ل ا �لب� را ر ع��د �� � او �ل�د ة� ب��ة�� � طهر �ة��� �مس ة � � ب �� � ة � � �ب ح ب��ا ة� � او�م� ا�ا�م�ل�� �ع�� �م ب ا�م���س ط�س ك� طو� �م بس ا � او د � ح��ا ة� ����ة� ب��ة ب�� ��و�� ا �ل�و���ب� �و�ه�و �مب ب� �� � ةب س م م �ب � ح� ا�ا�م��ل�� � �ع� ا ب ��� � �ة � ل�� � ب ب � ا ا ا ا � ب �� � � �و���ا � ا ا� � �� � � � �و ب ة �و ط و ر ة� �ور ح ب� �م�ل���و ب� ب ة س�م� ا رك�ل��ةس م���ل �م� �ع��د �� ��� ب أ ت � ف�� �ل�ك �ا ت��ص ت �� ا لم�لا�ع�ص�� � ...ه ف�� ا » ....ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش ص��س وا �ل ك� ��ل�ص��ت ال� ف���تره �م��ط���و��س��ت. « 1وك ت� � ف ت تف
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Chapter Nine
I found several of my master’s friends waiting for me. They were there to 9.102 hear my account of the evening, and to have a laugh at my expense. When I presented myself before them, they asked me about what I’d seen and heard. They wanted to know—was I impressed? “Everything I saw and heard was astounding,” I replied. “But the most amazing thing was the basin with the water spouting out of the lion’s mouth from the beginning of the play to the end, when it just rose up into the air, together with the water! Of all the illusions I saw, that was what impressed me most.” They all burst into laughter.
9.103
“That was the simplest effect of them all!” one of my master’s friends replied. “Then, for goodness’ sake, clear up my confusion, kind sir!” I said. “The basin is made of wood, painted to look like marble,” he explained. “There’s a tank full of water sitting behind it, its interior coated with pitch. A bucket wheel feeds the water from the tank into a pipe, which flows into the lion’s mouth. When the water reaches the last basin, it goes back into the tank.” The bucket wheel was turned by a young boy, and the entire quantity of water that circulated through the fountain amounted to no more than a wineskin’s worth, with scarcely a drop going astray. The basin was attached to some pulleys and had black cords that were invisible in the darkness. When they were pulled, the basin would rise easily. All the other theatrical effects made use of the same mechanism. “What about the old man in the cloud?” I asked. “That’s the Sultan of the Air, and the king’s name is Bacchus,” he replied. “The title of the play is The Slumber of King Bacchus, and everything you saw was related to episodes from that king’s life.”27 He went on to tell me that the opera had cost a great deal of money to 9.104 build. All the young girls and boys I’d seen, along with everyone else on stage, had been trained there. He explained how each of the set changes took place, astounding me even more. It would take far too long to explain all of this, as the changes are operated by an ingenious system of pulleys and wheels that allows the entire scene to be transformed in the blink of an eye. The area behind the stage is vast and quite distant from the spectators, which is what permits one to see the shapes of things but not the mechanisms behind them. There’s another place called the Comédie, which puts on wonderful farces 9.105 and comedic plays similar to the shadow plays we have at home, except they
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ب ب� � ة ب � �س�� � �ر�� ا �����هة��ا �و��ة�ر�ه� �مر �و�ع بس ا �ب�ا ��س � ل �وك����ل �م��ل� ��و�ب���� ب��ة��بم�ب�ة� �ع بس ا ���سة��ا ���ا د ر� ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل��� ة م م � ا ب ب ��ل ب ب � ب � ا ة ب ب �م ب بد �و�� ا ��ب��ا ���ط� ����� ب ا�ا�م����ةر ل ب �و ب��ة�ر��ه �م ب ا ب��ل ح ب��ود ا ب��ل � �ر�و���ةس ا �ل���ة�ر �� ب�����ةس ��ة� حب�� ���ةس ا ب م س ةس و ة ةس س ة ًا ب � ب ا � � � � ب ب � ب ب �� � ب ة ا � ا ب � � ا ��ل � طو� � ا �لر�ع�� � �و ب �مة�� ���د ا م�� ��� �عس ا �ل������ ا �ل��م ار ��ة��� �ر�و ب� �و�م� ة���سب��� د �ل�ك �وح�� � � � و م ب� ج � ع � �ة ب � � � ة �ر�و���� م�� �ب�ا � �لب��ا ب ��ط ���هب����� �م����دد� ح�ة� ا � ا �ل����ا ��� ب��ة�� ب��و�ع ��ط �م بس ا �م���ا �ل ����ل ب��م�ا ��� ة� ا�ا ل ع � ا�ا�م�د �م �م�� �م ب ا ب ��ل ��مة�� . و � بو س � ع ة � �ل� ب �ة � ب ا� ب � �ب � � �و ��ة� ب�ل�� ب��س ا � � ب�� �� مس ا �ب�� ��ط��ل �و���د ا ا ��مر� ���ا ة���س ��ة� ا �ة�ا �م ������ل�و�م�� ب��ة����ة�ر �ل���لة�� ا � م � � ب ��� ة ب �� ح��د�ة�� �م ب ا��م ا ب ب ب �ة ���� ا �ب����ا ب� �م ب �ب����ا �م�ا �و ب� �� ���س ��ة� ���د ا ا ������لة��م ا �ل��م �رة�ل� �و ���ر� ��م او �ة��د� � ك�ل س س � ا � � ��ا ب ا � � ا� ��ا ب ب حة���ا .ا�ا��م ا د �ب�ا �ب�� �بل��ل ��م�� ا �ع ب ���ا ب� ا �و �مب �و ب� � �ور ب� ك � ة ح� �ل �� �م ك�� � ا �و ���� دبج ��� ب� ك�� � ا �و ا � ة ر ر ع ع رب رج � ب � ح��ل ك� ���ا �� بس ك� ك� ���ا �� بس ��� ا� ب�ة��ل������و�ب� �و���ة��ا ب��ة���ل�� ���ا ب� ا �و را �� ب� �و�ه�و ا ب� ب��ة��ة � �ب� ��ة� ا�ام ب�ب��ر ر ب� م ً � � � � � ب ا ب ب بة ة ���ا ����ل��� ب�ة��ل���� ��و�ب� �ع ب��د� �م ب ك�� ���ل ����ة� ب� ��ة� ا �ل��������ل ا �ة� ب� حب��ر �م بس � �ل� ���س ا �ل���ا ا�م �و� ار ��ا ����م� س � ا ا� ا �� � ب � ب م ا� �ة �ب �ة ب � ب � ب ب �� � ب ل � ���� ا � ���ا �� �ب�ا � ب��ا ���ط��ل ب� ك� ك � ��ل�� � ا ����ل ا �ل��� � � � �� �� ب�ةس�� ر� ط��م ٢ب� � �ب�ة��ب��د �ة� 1ا �ل� او �ع ��ط �مس ا�م�ب� ر بة ��وع� � ة م م ا� ب � ���و������ ب �م ب ا ��ل ���س� ���ط�ا ب� ���د �و ا ��بل ��ة�ر. ا�م�� � ةس س ة ب ا ���ا ب � ب ��ل�� �م�� � ������ا د ا ة� �م ب ���ة� ��ا ب� ا�ا�م�ة��د ��س �ولر� �و�� � ور ا � ب�ل ��وة��ا ��� ب��ة��ب�����د ك�� ��ة ��ب� ا �ب�� �� ك� ��� ر� � ب س ة ب ة ا ��لةس ة ا ب ة ب �ب ��لب � ب� � ح ���ط�ا ��ا ا�ا� � ���و���س ��ب� ا �عة��ة��ا د� ��ب� ����ل ا را ء ا �� �لب��ا ����د� � م����ه�ور� ح�� �ة� ب��ة��ب��د ا ب��ة�����ر�� �ة� ا � ة �� � ة ة �ا �ة �و�� ��ب����ح�د ا ���ةرا ب��� ا�ا�م�م��ل� �م ب ا ��ل ب � ب ا ب� � � ��ا ب ��ل � � حة���ل � او �ل��عة��د ا را ة� و س �ب�ة�س ا ��� ��س ب��ة رد ��لة��� ك�� ر�ور ا �� ب ة � ة ا �� ة �ة ب ب� � ة ب� �� �ة �م ب ب��� �ة�� ب ا ��ل�هب ��ة ��ب� �ل����ةر�ب� ��ا ��ل ����ة ا ب�ر�� �ولر� �و�� � �� ��و����� ل ��� �ب� ر���د ح � ����� ��س� � � ح � ��� س ة ر ب ة ة ب ة ة ة ة ة ب ة � ع ة با ة �ب ا � ًا �ب � ة � � ا ���ا �ب��� ب����ة���� ا �ة����� ا � ����ل��� � �وةل��لب������� �و ب� � � � � � � ا � � ا ا ا ح���و� ��� �ة� �� ر � � ل������ ل��ل ك� � ك � م ة و ة� م �ا ة ب ا �ل����را �� �و��ل��� ب� ار. ب ا � ا م� � �ب ا ة ة �� �ا �ة � ا�ا�م���� � � � ا � ب � �� ب �� ب � � ا � ا � � �� �� � ل � � � ه �و����� ر ا �ل�� م � � � ل ل � � � ��د �د � � ل د � ه � � � � � � � � � ط � � � ل �� � � � ل � ح�د � او � ة ب ة ة ر ة� ب ة �ر ة س ة�م ة ل و س ب ج ب � ة � ح�� ����ل��� �كب�ة���ل�سةم� ا ا � ��ل�اد ���اة ة � � ��ب �ة ة � �مر�م بس ر ب� ب�����ا ��� ا �ة� �و�ك ة� ا �ل��� و � �ل�لك ا �����ة������� ح�ة� ة������ل�م� او و ل م بج � � �ب � ب �م ب �ةل�� � ا � ا � � ا � ب ح� ب �ب� ��� ا �ل�و��م ���ط �و��ة��ة��و�ل ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ةل����ل�م�� � ���ط �مة�ة���لة��� ب��ة��ة � � او �ل��د �ة� ب��ة���ل�و� س لك �ل� و�ل�د ة ب � � � ح� � ح��د ا�ا�م�ا ب���� � او بد ا ة��ا ��ل�� ���� �م�ا ة ب� ���� �ة�م �وب�� ا �و ���ور� �و��ة������ �م�ب� بر��ل�� حة�ب�ً�د ا�م��ل��� ب��ة��� �� �م بس ا �ل�ا� ة ب ب ة� ة� ة م � ب ب � � ا � � ب ب ا � ب� ب �� �م ب � � ب ا ��ة � ب � � �ب � ا �كة ة ا � ا � ا ة ة � ل � � ا ل م � � � � � ط �� ��� و س ب ر ة� ���د ب ���ة ر ��ة ر �ة� ب� ة�� �ل� و�ل�د عس ��ة ر ا �و�ل�د ا �ل�دة س م� ح� � و ة �م 1ال�أ ص� :ف��ص���� � ٢ .ال�أ ص� � �� :ف ع��ط� . � ل فت ت� � ل فتو م
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Chapter Nine
are played by real people. These plays have a main character named Harlequin, just as ours have the characters of Iwaẓ and Karagöz.28 Every one of their plays makes reference to contemporary events, and features miserable drunkards, down-on-their-luck loafers, cowardly and panic-stricken soldiers, and other similar characters, especially foolish and uncouth women. The dialogue is convincing and to the point, making an example of these detestable and blameworthy characters so that the audience might learn from their ways. In some churches, on specific days, a lesson is given on how to distinguish 9.106 truth from falsehood. This lesson benefited all sorts of people—women and men, educated and ignorant, young and old, wed and unwed, priest and monk. The best example of a lesson that I encountered proceeded as follows. A wise priest—a philosopher, in fact—would come to the pulpit. Facing him, below the pulpit, was another philosopher who was well versed in all the frivolous chatter of the masses and their superstitions. The priest on the pulpit would begin to preach the truth, and the second would contradict him with falsehoods, reproducing the claims of those people deceived by Satan, enemy of the good. Then the priest on the pulpit would refute these words with evidence 9.107 from the Holy Bible, showing him how he’d been deceived into holding these corrupt views. The priest down below would then begin to confess his sins, recounting only those most common among people. The priest of the truth would reply by invalidating his confession, which was full of tricks and justifications as tangled as a spiderweb, which only added another sin to his record. He’d then teach him how to confess truthfully, without fabrication or ambiguities. This lesson was especially relevant to garrulous women, who were prone to spinning tales to their confessors, and to other similar types. In all the other churches, catechism classes were held for children on Sun- 9.108 days and holidays, beginning at one o’clock in the afternoon and continuing until the evening. The children would gather in their neighborhood church along with a learned teacher. The student who had memorized the previous week’s lesson would stand in the middle of the assembled group and recite what he’d learned. If he did so faithfully, the teacher would give him a medallion or a picture, setting him apart from those students who hadn’t learned their lessons. This would make the others more zealous about doing their work the following week.
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�ا � � � �م � ة ب حة � ب� ب �� ا � ة � ة �ب �ة�� � ا �� � � ب � ��ا د �ل�� ��ة� ب��مة�� ��د �ل��ك �ة �لو� ا �ل�� ��س�� �ول� ��ة� ةح�� � ح�د � او �ل�هة��د ب��ة����ة ر طو م�ة��ل � ب ���م �ة� للك ل ب م ع � ة � � ب �ب ب �ب ب ��� ا�ام�د ا ر��س ا �ع��ة� ا �ل��دةل بس ب��ة��د ر���� او ��ة� ا � �ل���ل������� بة�ب�س��ل��س ا�م��ل��� � �وة�ل�� �مة��د� ب��ة�����ا د �ل� ا ��� �ل�� ب� ب و ع ب � �م م � ب � �ب ح ب �م ب ا ب ��ل ��م�� ����� ������� ا��م��ل��� �ة�م �ب�� �م ب �ب� ب � �� � ��ة� �ل��� ا � �لب���ل����ب��� � او �ل��د �ة� ب��ة� ��ط��ل� � � � � � �� � � ب ع را �ة�� ا ����س س ةع ة ة م و س بو ة �ة� ب � ب ب � م �ة � ب ��� ا� ب � ة ��� � � ة ��� ا �� �ب � � ا �ة ة � � � ا � ل ل�� � � ك ا � � � � �م��ر�ل�� �و �مو�ل �عس ل� ا�م� �� � � ل � �� � ل ���د ل � � ��سب����. � � � � ة ط� و �م ا ل�ل ه�و� و �م لك وب� ة�� وم ��ة� ب م � �ب �ة ��ا ب �ل����ل�م ب ا �� ��س � ب ة � � او �� ب�ل��ة��ة�ر ك� � � � � � � ��� ة� د � ح�ل� �� ر ب� ح��ل م���ور ا �ل�د ة� ك� � ة ��� لر � ا ة� م�د ر���� ة م ع � ب � ب � � �� � �ة ا ��ل ة � ب � ب لب � ب ب� بب ������� ا �ل�� �ة��سم�� ���ل�م�ا د ب� ح��ل ة� � ار��ة ة� ا � �ل�رد ���ا � د �ل��ك �ةل�و� ��مة����س ا ����ب��ة ر ة��ل� ب ا�ام���ورة س �وك م با ة � ب ب � � ا� ب �ب �ا ب ب� ا � ا �ل� ������ل�م�� ب � �� ب ا�ا� � ة � ا ا � ل � � ل � ا ا � م� � � � � ل � د د د � � � � ح � � ك ح � ��� � � م���� � هورة س �ة� � �ل ل ك � ر �وةر و و ة� ةس و س بع � � ب ب � ة ب ب ب � ب ب ب ب � � � ح��ل ة� ������ �������ا ��� د �ل��ك ا�ام��� ا �ل��د �� ك���ا � ة�ل���ل�م�� ا �ل �� � ا ة �ب�د � �� ة� � ار��ة ة� سم ���ل�م� ا �� � ة� ر ور ة �م ب �ة ا ب� ب ا ة �ب � � � ة � � � ب ����ل�� �م ب ب� � ���ا �ل�� �م��������� �و�م�ا �ة��د �ور��� � ح��� ب� ��� ��ة� �وا �� � �و �ة� ا �ل�و��م ��ط �مرل��ور ة ب س ب ��بل � ة �ب ب � ب �ةا حب� ة ة � ا ��ا ب ح�ا ة� �� طو�ل��ل �و ��ة� ا �������ل�� ���ل�� �� د ر ب� �� �مر �و�ق�ة�ً�د ���� ب� ك�� �م��ل ا � �ل�� �م�� � او�� �ل��� �ة� ���س �ة ا �����ل�� ���� ب � ب �س��� � ب����ب � �ه ��� � ��ا ��ل ب ������ � �م ب ��م � بر� ا ب��ة�ب��س. ةس و ة� و �و ر ة� ب ر ط و �ورر ب م ا� ة ب ب� � ة ا� �� � � �ب ب ب ا � � � � ب��ا �مر�و� ا�م���ل�م��ةس �ب� ��� ة������د ا �� ا �����لة� ب� ������د �و�م����ك ب��ة��د ��ة��� �مس ح��سب��� ا�م���لب��� ة �� ب �مط �ب ة � � �ل� �ا ب �ةة �ب � � ��� � ا ب ب ة ح ���س��� ب���ل�م�ا ب ح���ل�� �ورل� ر ب� � � � ك� ح� �� ب� � ب م�� � ا � ��� ب� �مس ك��ل ب ر ح�ل�ة��� ����ة� �مرل�ر س��مر �ة� �ل�لك ا ب ا � ة � � ا �������ل �ب�� ا � ا ا�ا�م����ل�م�� ب ����ة � ا � � ا �ب �ل� ب � ة ة ب ���� ��� � � �� ح�ة� �و��� �� او ���� را �ة� ة� ب� �� رو �س�و ة� ��ة� ةس ة ورو ة� ب � �م ة � ب ب ب � � ب ب ب �� � �وة��ا �ل� او �ل��د �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب� ا ر��� د ا �ة��ك ك� ح�ا د ا �ة�� �ور ب� ���ا �ب��ك �مة� ة� ���ل�م�ا ر ب� ح�ل�� � ���ا ب��ة��� ���� د �ل�ك ة ة ب � ���ة����� � ���ا ������ �لة�ً�ا ��ا ���د ��� .ا ب ح��ا � ب� ��ة ح ب� ���ا �م�� ب��ا � ب ح��ًرا ا �م �و� ��ا �ب�� ة� حب� ة� ر ب� �� بر ا � ا�ا�مرل� � ه ر و � ة ة ب ة ة ب ب � ر ة� ة ب� ة � ب �� � ا�ا�م�� � � � �� ب � � � ا � ح س ا �ل � � �مب ب� ���ر� ��م�� بر ر ر ب� ح��ل �م�ا ��ة ة� �و���د ا ر � � �ام�ا �م�ا ة� ���� ��سب�� ��لة� ب�. ��س��د ة�� ة م � اج � � �ل ب ة ب ب ب � � ة �ا ���د ا ا ��ل��ة�����سب حة��� � ��ة �� او ا �ل� بر�ل� ��� � حة�ب�ً�د �ب����د �م�ا �� ا �ل��مر���� ���د ا ا�ام ب�� او �ل �ور ب� س ع �م�ةس ���ة� � م ة ب � � ب ��م�� ا ��ة�� �� �م��د ��ا �ب�� ���د ب �ل ح��ل� ا � ل ��س�م� ا ا �������ل �� ة ���د ا ا �ل ���س ك� ح��ل�وا ���ل �ب����د �م�ا د ب� � � � � � � ا �مر� او ب ةع ل ة ب � م ة و وةر و ب و �ة� ة ة بب � ة �ب �وك�� ح��د � ك� ���ل �مب���� ا ب� م��ا ��� �و���ا ر � او لةر���سم� او �ب�ا �ورا �� � �وب �ل�ل��� ر���ا ��س �����د ا ر ����ا ��� � بو�ل���د� لر�ل م م � حة � ا ب���د ا � � � ب � �م ب ا ��ل ب � ا ب � � ة ب ب� �� ا �ك�� �� �و� ��� �م د �ل��ك ا �ل���� ب� �م بس ���ة� ا ������لة� ب� ��ة� ة� ح ر ح� ��ة���� س رم� � ور ب بع ً � � � ب ب �ا � �س�ة��ا � ا �� ب��ً�ا ���ة��د ا �� �ا ��� � ة ح�ة�را ا �ورد �وا �ك���ل� او ا �ة��ل�� �مة��د ا �لر��س� .ا � ك ر � ���ا � ��ة� ا �ل��و�ل � او � ة � م ة � ح�ة� �م م �ل� � ا ��ة�� �� �م��د ا � ا �ة ��س � �� ا�ام����ل�م�� ب ب�ة��ب� ��� ا ب��� � �م�� ب � ا ا ��ا� ب ��س� ر��س�م�� �م بس ا ب��مة�� ةس ر �و ة� � و ة رو �ل ل ة ور � ر �م� �م ��ة� م ع ع � ب ة ة ة ��ب� برلر� �ب�ا �ع ���ط�و� �ة�م �وب�� د��� ب ب� ���ا ��� �عب ��ة��� �و ب� ��� �����ل�و� رة���س ���� �ب�ا �ة��� ا �ة��ل�� �مة��د. ح�ة� �ة�ب� � ب ة ة ة 70
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Chapter Nine
Similarly, the schools would hold debates on Sundays and holidays for all the students who studied philosophy. Teachers and pupils would sit together and hold debates on philosophical matters, and whoever articulated the finest argument would receive a silver medallion from his teacher and be named head boy. The same went for those who studied logic, theology, astronomy, and similar sciences. I once visited an art school in the company of an artist who was teaching me 9.109 how to draw. It was Holy Thursday, the eve of Good Friday. As I arrived at the school, I saw four masters of drawing, standing apart from everyone else. They were famous for their skill in illustration, and I accompanied them as they entered the school, as I was there by invitation of my teacher. Once inside, we came to an enormous room furnished with benches on all sides. A tall wooden cross stood in the center of the room, with three steps at its base. At that moment, a young man appeared. He must have been about thirty years old, and had a perfect physique. He was stark naked except for a white loincloth. The masters told the young man to go up onto the cross, which he did. 9.110 There were ropes hanging from the two ends of the crossbar, where the nails would have been. Taking a rope in each hand, he placed his feet on a ledge that was nailed to the wooden plank. Once he was settled, the masters began discussing among themselves how to proceed, and soon reached a consensus. “Lean forward and hang, as though you were dead,” they told him. He slackened his body, bending his knees while leaving his feet planted on the ledge so he was hanging by his hands. Then they told him to loll his head to the side, which he did, looking for all the world like a dead man. He was the very image of Our Lord the Messiah, dead upon the cross. When everything was prepared and the four masters were satisfied with 9.111 the scene being represented, they instructed all the pupils to enter the room and to draw the crucifix as it was composed before them. All came in, took their places, and spent an hour drawing with pencils on paper. The young man came down off the cross to take a short break before assuming the same pose he had before. After another hour, the pupils had finished their drawings and presented them to their masters, who scrutinized them carefully and chose one as the finest. They gave the pupil who had produced the drawing a gold medallion on a chain to wear around his neck, and declared him to be top of his class.
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��ب ب ً � ب � ح�� �ةل����ل �� �م�����ك ا ��ل���� ب � ا �عب�� ا ��ل����ل�� � �م���� �ع ب��د �ب�ا ��ل��� ا ��ل � �� ���ا �ل�ا ب� ح� � �و ��ة� ا �م�ا ل�س ا �ة�� ة ة ل ل � ب ة ج م �م ب ة ب � ا ب ب ج ا ��ل � ا �� � ب � � � ا� ة ا�� ب ة ح��ل �ل����لة�� ب� �مرب� �و��ة�ر ا �م� ل�بس ��ة� �ل����لة�� �م�����ك ا �لب���د �ة��� � �و�ة������ � ر �� س و��ة ر �ل� ب ب ة � م �� م � �ب � ا ��لب�ة��� � ب � � ة ل � � �ود ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س �م�د ا ر��س �م بس ب��مة�� ا �ل����ل�و� � � � ح � � � م � � � � � ة ب ا ����ط�و ب� �و��ة�ر� �ل���لة�� ا ة و ة و ب و ة م بع � � � �� ب ب ب ا� � م ب �ة ا ل � � ب ا �ة ب � �ود� ��ة� ���� ةر ا �ل�د ��ة�� �ود ا �م�ا ل�بس �ة�����لة�� ا �لر����س �و��ة�ر�ه� �ة�����لة�� ح�ة� ا � �م�و ب�� � او �له ��و� ا�م�و ب � م م م � ا � ا ة ا� ة مو�� ��و�ة���. ا �ل� �ل�� ا� � � ب � �� ا � �� �ة ��� � �ب � �م ب ا � ا � ا ة ������ ل ب �م ب �� ب��ا ة� ا ��لب ح�ط� بو ��و���� �رو� س �ل����� ر� �و�م�و ب � �ود ��ة� ����ل �م�دة�� ب��� � ة رة س س ب ة م � � �� ا�ا�م����ل�ة��� �� ا � �ل ا ��� � ��ه �� � ةا � ا ة � � ����ة �� � � ����ر� �و�م� ب�� ب ا�م ة ح��ا ��ل�� ب � او�م ح�� �ل�� ����ة� ���ة�ر �ة� ب و ب � �م و ة� ب ��وك ب� ة و �ود �مس � ةس � ب � � ح��ا ��ل�� �ل��� ة� �م��ل��� � ����ة��ا � � �ه� ا �ب���ا ا � ة ب � �ة ح��د� ��م ة �واةب� ��� � او � �سم ل ��ر ة� �ب��د �ل ة� �� �و�مس ب �م�ل � و ب ب ة رج و و � ب م ج �� ب ��ك�� �لب��� �ب ب� ���ط�� ���د ��ل�ا ة� ا �� �لة��ا ب �� �ب�ا ة� ا ��ل�ا ب�عب���ا � ا � ة � �� �ر ة� �ع �ر�ا �ب�� �ب�ا بر�ل� �سم ل � � و ع ر �و س و ةر ب حة���ل ة ب � � � � ب � � ا ب ة � � ا �ل���ا � ب �� ب � ب ا ا ا � ا �ل� ب� � ا ل�ه ور ة �����ةس ح�دا �م را ب����ةس �ورا ا �ل�� �بر� ��� �و���� ر� ا �ة� دلةر ا �ل�دةلس ب��ة�� د ب� �ل او ا �و�ل�د ب ر بع � � ب � � � ب ب � � ب ة ب ��� � او �ل��د �ة���� ���ل�م�ا ا ���ةش� ة ا � د � � ا �ل��د ل د �ع ة ا �ل � � ا �ل �����ل ة ا ���� ��ا � ��ا �� �� � ة� � � �ة� �ل�بك ةر � رة��س و �و � ة ب � �� ل م م � ب � ب �ً �� �� �ة ب � ب � � ب ة ة ا ا با ل ا � � � �م �� �م� ����� �� به �ور �و�ل�� ب� ا ل�ور� � او � � او �ل�د� �م� � .ا � ح�ة را �ط�لب�� �� �� ب�ر � او ��� ب��ة�� ر ة م ب ����� � ��ب �م ب��� ��ا �ب����ا �ة�ا �ة� ��� ا ��� �ع ب��د� ب� ح��لة��� ��ب� ا �� �لةهة��د �و ب� ح�ح��ل�� ة��س ���ل��د� ك�� ���ل �ة �لو� � � م��س� �� � ب ر و ة ب ة ب ة ة ة م ة ع � ة� � � � ب � ب ب ة ب � ة ة ة ح�� ب � �و �لة�ق�ة��� ��ا �ل ح��د� � او �ر ب� ح� ا �ع����� ةس �م�ا ة��ة��ا د ب� � 1ولر ب� �� � �و�ا � �ب��ر � او�ام�ا ء ل����ا د ����� ا �ة� � ة ة ب م ع �ب ب�ل � �ة��� �����هر. � اب ة � � � ب ا ب ��ل�� � ���� ب��ل�� � ��ل�ا�ب�� � ة � �وة��ا ��ل ة� ��ل�� ا �ة�ا ك ة��ب�ب�� ��� �م بس ك�� ل ح�ة���ة� �ل�لب�ة����س �ل���� ب��ة�� ��و�ل �ل�ك ا �� ابلس س م �م ة ب ب ح�ة ا �مب�� ��ل�ه ب��د ا � � ��� ا �م ا � �م�ا ��ه ا �م� ب��ل�� � ب��ل�� ب� �ة�ا ب� � او � �م�ا ������ � �� � � ة� ة� ر ب ة� �ة� حب��ر ا ط�ل��ة� ة� ب ة� و �ل ر �ب � � ة � ا �ب ب � �ع�ة ا � � ا ب � ح�� ب ���د �ة�� ا �ب �لةهة��� ا �ة� � �مر ���ل ���ل �ل�. ��� ةس �م�ا ا ب��ة� ا �ة� �ع ب��د ك �ة� ا �ر����ل ����هر و �� �م ة با ا ا � � �ب ب � ةا � ب ح�ا ���� ك ������ ا �ب�ا ب�ل�� �ب� ا ��ل�ا� �و�ل�اد ا�م � � حة�ب�ً�د �ب� ��ط��ل�ة��� ا � ب��ب ��هة��� �� ب� ح�� �ل��ةس ر ح� �ب���� ا �لرة���س �ة�ل�و� � ر ة ب م ب ا �م���� ب�����ل��� . ة م �ب �ب ��� ة� ا ��ل�� ��ا �ب�� � او �م ة� ا ��ل�� بد �� ب�� ��ةه��د ا ��ل � حة�ب�ً�د ركب� حة���ل �ب�ا ب� ة��مب���� �ب����ا ا ��� � ك� م��ا � ة���س�م�ا ء ة ةة ر بر ة ة ب � ة � � ا ا �� ب � ب � ب م�ا ب ��مب ب �� ح��د �ع ب��د ��ه ���د ا �ل�ا �عب�ة��ا �ل�ا� ب��ة�� ب��و ب� �ل�وب�ل��� ا �ع��ة� ا ��� �م ار �ة�� �و���د ا ا�ا ك�� � ح���و��س ب �بس� ر �� م ة ة ب ة� ب �ب �م ب �� ب ���ا ���ة ا ���� ب ���د ������ � ك� ح�ا د ا ة� �و ب� ط� � بولر ب� ح�ا ���ا ة� ر�ة����� ��س�م ب��� �و��ة�ر�ه� م���ل�� �م بس �� ��ل � س ب ة م ع أ 1ال��ص�ل :ت�ت��� ا د ف�.
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Chapter Nine
Other places were devoted to teaching fencing, which is similar to the 9.112 sport of stick and shield we have here at home. Other places offered instruction in riflery, shooting, cannon firing, and horsemanship. In sum, there were schools dedicated to every art and discipline in the world, even ones that taught dance and how to play musical instruments. There are many ladies of light virtue in Paris. Their homes are each marked 9.113 by a sign hanging on their doors of a large heart made of thorns. There are also plenty of scoundrels among the citizens, including one woman in particular who played a trick so dastardly that it deserves to be recorded for all posterity. This is how it went: She rented a beautiful ball gown, fit for a wealthy lady, and a carriage, drawn by four horses, with some footmen to ride on the back of it, and drove off to the monastery devoted to the reform of delinquent children. Upon arrival, she summoned the abbot and begged him to help her with her dissolute son, who had squandered the family’s money by gambling at cards and other debaucheries. His father was dead, she explained, and she planned to bring the young man to the monastery under false pretenses. Would the abbot help her by seizing him when they arrived, binding his feet, and flogging him each day? She handed the abbot some money to cover a month’s expenses and told him not to feed her son anything but the usual bread and water until he was reformed and she returned to pick him up. “Don’t be fooled by anything he tells you, because it’s all trickery and lies,” 9.114 she added. “He’ll say, ‘I’m the son of the merchant so-and-so, and my father has no idea where I am. Let me go home to him! That woman isn’t my mother!’ But don’t believe him. Keep him here until I return at the end of the month to see if he’s straightened out or not. I’ll decide then whether to free him or keep him here.” “Don’t you worry,” the abbot said. “I know a thing or two about delinquent children. Go right ahead with your plan.” She climbed into her carriage and told her driver to take her to a place 9.115 called Le Palais, which means “the palace.” This was a place reserved for the wealthy merchants of India, who sold expensive Indian merchandise such as barjādāt, fine and costly khāṣṣāt, and other types of fabric. Arriving at the palace, she headed directly to see the chief merchant, a wealthy man, stopping
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� ب � ب �� �ة �� �ا ب ة ح� ة� ا �� �ع ب��د � �� ط� � �م�ا � ���س��� بد ��ل��ك ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة �� ة� ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� � مس ا ل� ل رب ح��ل ا ب���ر و م�� � � �لو ب� � � ة� ة ب ة ع ة ا ب � � ا� ب� � �ب م��ا ب� �ب��ل�م�ا ا ب��ة�� ة� ا �م�ا ح�ا �ب�ل ة� بد ��ل��ك ا ��لب�سب�� �و�ة��ب� ة� ا ��ل حة���ل� . � ب�� ر د �ل�ك ا� � � ك حة�ب�ً�د ا �مرد �ل��ك � م و ة� � ا ة � ح��دا �م�� ��ا ب ب� �� � ا �� � � � ب ب � ب � ا ب ح ة� ا ��ا �������ا ب ا �ة��ا ب�ر ب� ة � �وا ����� ل�ر ���ة� �ل�ل��ر�و�ل �مس ا �ل�� �بر� ��� �و�م��س��ل�و��� �مس � ب ة� ب ر ب �ع � ا � ا�� � ب � ا � ب � � ��ل ا ب ة �ب ا �ة � ب ا ب � � � ا ة � � � � � � ا ا ا ا ا � � � �ود � � ح�ل�و��� ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا �� �لو� � ���� رح ب� � ة��� د �ل�ك �� ب ر و �م��ل ���� �ل� لر م ل�و بح ب� �ة � ح��ل�� ة �� � او ب�ر ب� �� ب� ح ة� �م����و ب�. م �ة ب ةا � ة �� ا ب ب ب � � ����ا ب��ة��ا �و ���ط�ا ��ل ب� �مب��� �ب�ا �� ا ر�����ل�� � � ا ا ا � � � � م م� � � � ل �� � � � � � � ل � و � ب � �ة� ر ��ة� �ل �و ب� س � ب ة ة ة ب ب � ح��د �ع ب��د ك �مب ب�ل�� ب��س ا �ع ار ب��س ����ل ب��ة�� ب��و ب� ��� �ب�ا ب� ح�ا �ب����ا �م�ا �� بس �����ا ر ة� ���س��م� �ل�� ا ���سم�ا �ة���م� � م ة � � ب ة � � ب � � � � ب �ة �ود �ع ب��د �ة� � او ��ل�� بد �ة� ���ط��لب�ة��� ����ة� ب�ل���د ����ة� �����ا �ل �����ا د �ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب�ر ك����ل ا �ل��د �ة� د ل��ر��ة��� �م�و ب�� � � ا � ���د � ا ب�� ���م ب �م ب ب��� � �ب����ا �ب ا �ب�ب ا � ب ب �ة ا � � ب رة �حجرجب �حجر �م� �ة��ل�و� �مس �م� ��س ا ��� و �ة� س س ة ر � ����� ����ة� ب�ل���د ����ة� � ة ب ة ب � � � ا ةا ة ب ة ة � ا �ة � ا ب � ة ة ب ة ة � ة �و �هة� ���حس��هة� �مس ا �ل����مر ��ط� �� � ��م����� ا �و ��س��� �ولرد ا �ب�� �ة� �و�ل� را �ل� ���حس��هة� �ولرد ح�ة� ة � ��م ة� �م ��ط��ل�و�ب����ا. بً ب اب �ب �ة � � ب � �ة ��� ة �� ب �� ةب ح�� ب �م�ا ا� ��� ب� ا �ل�د ة� � ل ���ا � �وة� ك ح�ة�را ���ا ر ة� � �ل�����ل ������ ������ل �ب� ررك ط��� �م��� ا �ة� �ةس ة ً � � � ب � � ة ب � ا ����ا ح�ة�را �ب ب�له �ل�و�ب����ا ��م����� ا �ل�ا �� � بو�� ��ب� �م بس ا �ل��س�� �ك���ل� او ا � ب�ل�����ل �و ب������ او ا �ل��د را �ه� �ة�� �ل�و ة� .ا ب� �م ��و � ة م ا ب ب � � � ح ب �ب ب ة ة ة �� ب � ح�ة ةلر �و� �����و��� د ا � �ل��ل�ك ا � �لة��م�ا �����ا ة� �و �و ب� ح��ل ا �ل�� ار �ب�ا �ب��� .ة��ً�د ���� ���� �ل��ل�ك ا � �لة��ا ب� �و� ة� ج � �ب� � � � ح��د �م ب ب���ل�م�ا �ب��ك � ب���ة��ا �ل ة� �ل��د �ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب�ر ا ر�����ل ����ه� � او � ح�ة� ا ر�����ل �ل��ك ������ ا �ل��د را �ه� س ة � م ة � ب ح��د ا �مب�� ��ا � ��ل��د � ��� ب ح�ا ��ة���ك � ا ة��ب�� �مب ب��ا ��ة��ب� ة� ا ��ة��ا ب�ر �وة��ا ��ل �ل�اب�� ب��� ا �� �لو� ���ا ���د ا ا�امب���لب� � � � و و � ة ب ة ة � س ة ع ب ة ا ع ة � � ب ة �� ��ة ب � ب ح � ا ب ��م�ب � ب ا ب �ب ا ة ة ل � ا � � �ورا د لةر�ب��� ��ة� �ع �بر� ��� �م� �ب���ل� ب�ل��ل ركب����� ��ة� �ع ارب���� � ��� � او �مر� ا �ل�د ة� ب��ة�هة��د ة���ل ب� � ة ��ة� �����ا ا ���� ب��ل�� ب� ���اة� ��ب� ب��ل�� ب� �م ���ل��. ب ة ج ة � ا � ا �� ب � � � ب ب � � ب ب � ب ا ة ة �بك����ا � ا �� ا ����� � �ل � �م � ا ��� د �ل��ك ا �ل��د ل ا�م������ � �ة��ا د��� ا �ل�� �ل�د ا ل� � ا ة ��� �ر��ل�م� ا �� � و ب ةر و ب ةب رو ة� رة� و رو � � ةة � ة � ا ب ة� � � ة ب� ا ��ل ��لب ب ة ب ة �لب� � حة���ل ��مو����� ا � ��� ب�� ا � ا �ل�� �ر�ا �ب�� ���ة��ا ب��ة���ل �ب�ا ب� ا �ل��دلةر ب� ح� د��� ا � �لهة� ��ط� ��� ا �ل ��ة� �����ل� ة� ب � حة���ل ب م ب ا ب � ة ة ا � ة � �ب � � � ب � ب � بب � � ��ال ��� ��� ا ��ل��د ل � ���� �ب ا ة ة � � � ل � ا �مر�ور�ة� ا لرل� ل � � � ا ا ا � � � � � د ل � � ل � د �� �د � � ك � � � ل � � �م ع رة س ةر ب �ة� �� ر� و � ل�ك ل م ب س ب ر برة � ب � � � ا � ا ا � ب�له � � ب �� ب ة � ا ب ةب � �را�امب����ل�و�ل�ة� بس ���ا �ه ب��ا �ب�� بر�ل ا �لب���ل�� � �ود ب� ا ��� ا �ل��را � �ل�ربج ���ة� ���د ا ا �ل�دلةر �و���ة� ا �ل��و�ل�د ب ح��ل م ��� ة � � � ة ا ب �� ب� ��ل��ل��دلةر ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة� �ب � ط�س ح ب ا ��ل��دلةر ا ر�����ل ة� د �ع ة� ا ��لر��� ب���ل�م�ا � � حب� ع �ل�لك ا � �ل�� � �و �مر �ه� او �ة� س ةس
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Chapter Nine
her carriage outside his shop. The merchant ordered his servants to place a footstool at the door to help the lady step down from the carriage. Hoisting her by the upper arms,29 they whisked her into the shop to meet the merchant, who welcomed her most graciously. The lady sat down and took out a letter. “My brother sent me this letter from Spain, requesting that I forward him 9.116 some things,” she said. “Perhaps you’ll have some of what he’s looking for.” “Such as?” asked the merchant, and the woman rattled off a list of products. “I have what you’re looking for,” the merchant said, as she’d requested the most luxurious and valuable of Indian fabrics. He began to bring out one piece after another, and for every ten things he showed her, she would choose five or six and refuse the rest. She continued in this way until the order was complete. Then she set about negotiating with him like a seasoned merchant, making 9.117 a note of all the discounted prices she’d bargained for. They concluded the negotiation, added it all up, and arrived at a total of over five thousand ecus. They bundled up the fabrics for her and stowed them in the carriage. Then the lady rose to leave. “Have one of your servant boys come along with me to collect your money,” she said. The merchant turned to his only son. “Son, go along with the good lady and pick up the money,” he said. The merchant began to prepare a carriage for him, but she refused, insisting that the young man ride in her own carriage. Then she told her driver to take them to an address in a certain quarter of the city. They set off, and soon passed by the monastery that reformed juvenile 9.118 delinquents. As the carriage drew up alongside the gate of the monastery, the woman pulled the cord attached to the horses’ bridles, and they came to a stop. She stepped out of the carriage. “I wish to speak to the abbot of this monastery about an urgent matter,” she told the merchant’s son. “Why don’t you come along, and have a look at the monastery and all the disobedient children in shackles?” The boy got out of the carriage and went into the monastery with the lady. As they entered the courtyard, she summoned the abbot. “This is the boy I was telling you about,” she said. They began to chat, and the boy wandered off into the monastery to look at all the children in chains. As soon as he disappeared, the woman bid the abbot farewell. She left the monastery, climbed into her carriage, and set off to the address she’d previously
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� ب ب ا ب ا ة ة ة � ا ب � ب � � � ب ��ب ة �� ة � � ب ح��� ا �لرة���س ����� ر� � �ل��ل�� ��� �ه�ود ا ا �ل���ل� �م ا �ل�د �ة� ك��� د ل�ر� �ل�ك �ع��� �و��س ��ة� ����ل �م��� � ب ة � ب � ا � ا ا�ا� �ة ل ب �ب ب � � �� �ة ة ح�� ا ��لب���ل�� � ا ��� د ا ب� ��ة�ب � � د �ل ح��ل ة ��ربج ���ة� ا �ل��و�ل�د مهة��دة س �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا ل�وك� �ود �ع� ا لرة���س م ة � �� ة ا ��� ا ا �ب � � ب ة �� �ب ح� �� �م�ا ا �م ة� ا ��ل�� بد �� ب����ةه��د ا ��ل �و ب�ر ب� ح ة� �م بس ا �ل��دلةر �وركب��� ل�ر �ب� � �و م� ة ةة ��ة��� ا �ة� �ة حة���ل ر � ب ة �ب ب �ل ا ب ة ���ل�� �و�ة��ب� ة� ا ��ل �ه� ا ��ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ������اة� �و ��ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا�م حة���ل �ع ب��د ����ر�� د ر�و ب� � او �مر ة� ج ة �� �م� ا �� � و ة � ب ب � �ب � ا ب ب � ا ا ���ة �م ب ا ��ل� � ا �ب � � ��ب ��� �م�ا ب �� � ��� ��و�ه� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� � �و ب ب� م��ا � � او �ع �� ة� � ة ب� � ة�رب � ح� �����م �م بس ل�ر�ة� م ة � س � بر� � وة م ج � � � ب � ة � ة ا ب ة � ة ا � �ة ا � ب ب ا �ل�� �ر�ا �ب�� �ول� ��را ��ه � او �م �رة���� �ب�ا �ام����ة�ر �و��هة� د � � �و�م� ا � ح�ل� ا �ة� ب��ة������ � �و �ل��ل� ب ب�� ح�د �عر�� ��ة� ب م م ج ب � � اب �م��ل���و�ب����ا ���د ا ا ��ة� ا �ل��. �ب � ة � �ب ب ا ة � او �م�ا ا ��لب���ل�� � ب�ل���د �م�ا �ة ب�ل� ب� را د ا ��بل ل�م� �ر�وجب � �م��س��ل�و� �و�ة��د �و� �م���ل ا �ل���ة�ر ����� ر �ة�ل��� � م رج ب � ب � ة ا ب ب ب � ا �� ا ب� ة ا �� �� ح��ل�� ��ا �����ة ب ا ا �ام�ا د ا ب��ة��ةهة��د �و � � � � � ا � ا ا ا ا ا � � � � � � � � د �� � � � � � � � � ل م � � � ل ل ل �� � � � � � � � � ه ر رر � ب � ب ر و و و و ة س ة ة� ب ع ب � � � ة � � � � ب �� ة� ا �لب���ل�� � �م بس ك�� �ة�ا �مب��د ر�ة�� 1م�ا �ل ا ب��ة���ك ��ة� �ل�� ب� ا �ل�ور�ة� � ��ل���م���م �ل�� �و���ا ر �ة�ل ��و�ل ����م� � ب م ���د � ا �ب�ا �م�ا ب�� ��� ا � ة ب ا ب ب � ب ةا �ة ا � � ب �ة ة ب ب ا �� ابلس ��ل� � �� ب�ر �و����ل ا �م ار � ا �����ر� �مس �ع��د اب ��ة� �م� ��س ا ��� و �ة� � ��� ح�ة� ب � �ب ب ب �� � ا ب� � � ب ب ا � ���ل�� � �ب ا � � ا � � ب ح ك� حب��ر ا �لر��� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ا � ��ا � ح�د ��م��� ���ل�م� �س�م��� او �م��� ���د ا ا � ك� م رج و ح�د �م � ���م � او � ة س ب ب� �ة ا �� �� � ا �ة ة ���د ا ا ��لب��� �� � ب��ا �م�ا ا ��ل � ��م�ا ا �ب�� �م��ل�ة� �م ب ا �م�� ��ا �ب�� ��م ة � ة ���د ��مو� ح��ا �ل � �ول��لب�ة����س ��� ل ���� �ل� �� �� ب� ل ب ر ب س ةس م م ا ب��م�ا ب ���د � ا ��ب ���د ا ��� �ب�ا � ة �ب�� بر � او�ا�م�ا �و ب���ل��د �و� ك�� �س��ة��ا � ا ��لب���ل�� � ���ل�� ����ة ا ��ا � �ة�لةهة��ا ة� ��� ا ��بل ���ل �ة �لو� رة و ة� ب ة ة� م ةم م م ة ب � ب � � � ا � � ب� �� �ة �� �م �ر��ةس بل���ة ر ر �م� �و�م� �� د � او ���� او ا �ة� م�و�ل� . ب � ب � ة � � � � ب ب ��� ب ة � ة �ل�و� ا � �لة��ا ب� � � ح�ا ب���ة��ا �ل ��� �ب�ا �ل�� ب��ة��� � او �م�ا � او �ل��د� ا ����� ب��ا � ا ��ة� ا �ل��د ��ر ��م�ا ا ب� ��و� ك�ل�ه��� ح�ة� ة � ع ة�ة��� �ب�مب��� ا ��ب ا ب حب��ر ب��ا ���بة�س �س�ة��ا � ا ��ة� � �� ���ا ب��ا � ة � ة��ة�ب���د ا ��� �مر �م�ا �ب�ة� بس �م ب��� ب� ح� � ا �ل��� ��� ر ة� � � ح ب� �مس � �و م م ب � � ب ب ة � ا��ا ح��د� . حة�ب�ً�د ا �مر ب� ح��ل ا �ل��لة���ل ��م�ا �ب�ا � ا � ح��دا �م�� �ب�ا �ب���� �ة� ��ط�و�ب�م او � �وة��د ب� �ود � ح��ل� او ب��ة ��و� ا �ل� ك�� لبر م � ا� � ا ب ��ا ب ا ب �� ا ا ��بل � �� ح��د � ا ب� �ب ب ب ل��م لةر �و� ا �و �ة� � و �س��د �ه�م �ل���� � ��دا �م ك���ل حب��ر� �م� �و � او �ب�� ررك�� � �وة����� �ل� او �عس � ة ب ا � �ب ا ا � �لب���ة � ا � ا �� ا �ع ب � �ب ا ا ا �� � ب� � ا حب����ة ا �لر ا ��ل��لة��� ك� ����ل�� � او � ���و �وة���� ل�و �� �م� ر �و ل� ح��د ��ة� ���ة ���� ر�و ة � حب��ر �و�ل� ب� ة ل ج ب ة �ب ب� � ب ح��د � او ��ل�� حب��ر�و� �ب�ا �ب���� د ا ر� او �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س �ب�ا ��مر���ا ��م�ا �و ب� �س��د �ه� � او ب� �� �� او ا �ة� �ع��د � ة ر ة م م ة ً ب � � � � ب ب ب � � ب ب �� ة � ة ب ��ا �� حب��ر ��ا �ع �� د �ل��ك ا � ة��ا ب�ر �و� بر� � ب �ر�ا ����د �ة��د ��� �����د ا � ا ب�� ب��� � او�ام�ا �ل � او ب��� ا �� �ع ب��د ا �ل ب� ة ة� م م �ة � او ب� ��ة���. حب��ر� �ب�ا � �ل� ب� أ ت 1ال��ص�ل� :ص��فرد �.
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Chapter Nine
given her driver. When they arrived, she had the horses stop at the street corner, and told the men to unload the bundles from the carriage and leave them where they’d stopped. She paid them for the hire of the carriage and their services and sent them on their way. Then she brought all the bundles into her house, and no one was the wiser. As for the boy, when he was done touring the monastery and tried to leave, 9.119 they grabbed him and chained him up like the other children. “Why are you tying me up? I’m just visiting, along with that lady. Go ask her!” “Sit down, you miserable wretch,” they replied. “Been squandering your father’s money at cards, have you?” The boy was flabbergasted. “I’m the son of so-and-so, the merchant,” he protested. “That woman purchased some Indian fabrics from my father, and I was just going to collect payment for them.” At this, one of the men went off to tell the abbot what the boy had said. But the abbot refused to believe it, having been forewarned by the boy’s “mother” that he was a scoundrel and a liar. “Don’t believe him,” the abbot replied. “And let’s give him a few extra floggings too.” The boy spent three days at the monastery, surviving on bread and water, and receiving a merciless flogging twice a day at the hands of his jailors, who paid no mind to his protestations. In the meantime, the merchant had spent the morning awaiting his son’s 9.120 return. “The lady must have invited him over for lunch,” he thought to himself when the boy hadn’t appeared by midday. By late afternoon, there was still no sign of him and the merchant was baffled by his son’s tardiness. At nightfall, the boy still hadn’t turned up, so his father ordered the servants to go to the homes of all the nobles and chief merchants to inquire as to the whereabouts of their young master. Perhaps they’d find him, or at least discover where he’d gone. The servants spread out. Each headed to a different quarter of the city and began to snoop around. But the whole night passed without them locating even the ghost of a trace of him. They returned to their master with the bad news that they’d turned Paris upside down but hadn’t uncovered a single clue. Distraught over the disappearance of his son and the loss of his property, the merchant went to see the governor of Paris and told him what had happened.
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� � ة ة ب ة ة � ة ��ا �� حة�ب�ً�د ا �م ا ��ل � �� �ب�ا ب� �ة� �� ��� ا ��� �� او ا �ورا �� �ب�� ��ور� ا � �ل او ������ �ة�ول��ل بر��مو�ه� ��ة� ������لة�ب��ا ة� ا �ل � � ب ر و ر م م � � �ع ب � ب �ب �ل�و ب� �ل�� ا �ل ��ر ��ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا �ورا �ة� ك�� ��ل ���د � ا �ل�ا�م ار � �ة�� �ا ة � ���ل �م بس �عر�� ا �و ا ب� ح��د ب� ح ��ط حب��ر � او � را � �ود ل ة �� ب بب ��� �عب ��ا �� ا ��ل� او �ب �وك�� ���ل ا �ب����ا ب� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب��ة��� �ب� ب� �ك�� ا �م ا ��ل �� بة� بس ���ا �و�م�ا بة�س ���ا ة� ���س ��ة� ��������ل� او � م ر � ة� ب ر ر ر � ب م ة اة � ب �ب � � ب �ة � ا �ة �ب � ب ا �� ب�� ب ا � � ب ة ب ب � ة ا ا ا � ح� د � �و�لر �م او ا �ل��ورا � �ة� ا �لر� او �ة� �مك� د ل�ر�� ا �و�ل �ة �لو� � �و� �ة� �ة �لو� �و �ة� �ة �لو� ا ��� �ل� ا � �ل ��� �ب� � � م م م م ب� � بب � � ح�ة ����ة�� �� �ة� �ل�� ب�� ا ب�ع ا ب�� ��ل��ل��د ل �ب����ا د �ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا� ا �ة� ب���ل�م�ا د �ل��ك ا �ل��دلةر لر�ل �ل��ل�م�دة�� ب��� � ة� ة و ب س ر س ةر ور �ب ��ل � ة ب � ب � �� � �ة� �ور ب� �� �ة� ا � ار ء � او � ��ا �ل. ح��د� �مب����م �ل���م �ب�ا � ا �ل���ل� �م ك��ل� �م�� �� ع ب � ب � �� ا �م ��ا ��ل ���سب�ة ��ا �� ح�� ا ��لب���ل�� � ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب���ة��د � او ��ل � او � حب��ر ا �لر���س � او � ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �م��له ��� �� ب��ا �م ب ا � � م رب � ة � �وب ب ر س ب ل م � � ة � ب ب � ب ا ب ��� �ع ب��� � .ب ح�� ا �ل ��� ا �� �ع ب��د ا �لب���ل�� � � ����ا �ل�� �ع ب ��� ة � ب �� ك� ����� مو ����ل �مس �عر�� �ة��� �و�م� بة�سب ر حة��ً�د د � ل رة س ة� س با � � � � ب �� ��ب �ةل��ل�ك ا �� �ل ا �ة � � .كةة ���د �ة� ا �لر��� ك�� ��ا ��ل�� ا �لب���ل�� � �م����ل �م�ا �م�د �ل� ح ك� �� � ��ل���م�� � او ��ط�� �لة ��و� �د � � � � و ر ر � و و ة ً ةس ة م � ب � ا � ب ا� ب ب �ة � ب � � ة � �ة ب �� �ب�ا �مس ا � �لهة��د �و�م���ة� �ب�� ا �لرة���س ا �ة� �ع��د � او �ل�د� �و����س �ل�� ا � �ل����� �مس ا �و����� ا �ة� ا �ر��� �مك�� د ل�ر ً � � ا ب � � � � � ة ب ����ا �ب �لة��ا �بر ب� �� ا �لب���ل�� � ا ��ة� � او �ل��د� � او�ام�ا �ل ب��� �ب�� �ة��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل �����ةهة��� �و�م�ا �ة�د ر� او �ة� � ح��د � او �����ا ب� حب��ر م ً ب ع ا ة� �م ب � ة ب � ة ح���ل�� ���د � ا �ل �����هة���. ا �ب��د ا �و���د ا �م� �م س ة �ب �� ب ا ��ل � ا ب ا �� ة ا � � ب � ا ��ل� ب �س� ���ط�ا �ب����� ح��د را ل���د � بو��ة��ة��� �و�ة�لو�م ا �ر � او �ب�ا �م�ا رر �ة� بل���س � ���و رع �رة� �و �ب ة � ة ج �ب ا �ة ة ة � �� ��� � ا �� ب��ا �� �ع�م�ا ��ل�� ب ���د �ك ة� 1 ةس �ب�ة�� ������ر � او �م ب��� ك����ل �ور��� ب ب���د�ة��دةل بس � �� �و �ة� �ة��د� �ورا �� �م �� ب �و و س ب � � ب ب � ب ب � ة ا ��ة� � او � ح��د �����ا ر�� �و����ا �ة��� �م�ا ���د � ا �ل�ا�ورا �� �و�م�ا ��هة� � ب ���ا � �ا ء �ب�ا � ح�ابل ب��� �ب�ا � ���د � ���ط ��� ب �ة ة � � � ة ��ة���ة ا �ل��� بس ���ل ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ���� بس ا �ل�ا�ورا �ة� ��� بس ���ل ���� � او � ح��د ا �لة�� �ب�ا �ل ���سب ��ة� �و���ا ر ة� �ة�� ح����� �� ب� ���ل �و�ه�و � ة م ة ا ا� ب � ا� ا �ةس � م ة� ب��ة �ل� ب� ��ب ا ��ل����ا ���ة ا ��ل���ا ���م � ة��� ا �� ب����طه �����ا �عة��� ب � ا �� �م� ب � �� � � � � ا �ل ���م �رل���� ���� ر ب� � و ة� ح��ل �ب �و ر ب �ل � ر ب ةس ح� ة ة� م � �ه� �م�د � ب ��ب � �ة�� ب د��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل � �� ب ب ح� د ب����� ا ����ة�سة � � ب ة � � رب �� ا �ل��س ��� ا �و ور � ح��ل �و�ة��� ا ��� ���ة� �م�و ب� ب ب ب وو و ة � � � � � ب ة � � ب � �� ب ة ح�م� ا � ا ا�م ب ب ا ة ا ة اة ا � ��س ط� ا �ة���ك����ة�ر ا �و �� ��ل ع ا �ل ار ��س �و�م� ة���سب��� د �ل��ك �مس ا�ةم��� � ا�م� ��و��� ا �ل ��ة� بة �� و ة� ��� ���ة� ب�ر�م��ةس � � � ح��د � او �ةل��ل�ك �ورة���ة ا �ل��� بس �و�ل���د ب�ر�و ب� ����ل ��� بس ���ل �م بس �ة��د ة��ا ب���� ا �ل ���م �رل���� ب��ة��ا ب� ���ل � بو��ة� �� ب ����� او ب ة ج ة � ب ب ة � ة � ا ا � � ب ب ح�د� ب ب� � ��ور����� ��ة� �ورا �� � �وة��د �ور� او ��ة� ا�م�دة����� ب��ة�� ب�حة�ل� ��و�ه� ك���ل � او � ��د�ة��دةلس. م � � ا �� � � � ا �� �لةهة �� ب � � ��ب��� � د ا �ب ح�� ا�م �م�� �بك����ة�����ل�م�� ����ل��� � ا �م� ا � � � ا�م��� � م � � ح� س � ل ا � � � � � � �د ل � � � � � �� ح � � � � � ب و � ة ب ب ب و ة ة ل ة ل ل ة رم م � � ب ب ب ب ة ة � ة ب ا ة � ����ا �عة��� ب ا �ل�ا���ةرا �� ب��ة���ر��� ا ���را �� ��� � � �و�ة��� ة � �س��ة�� ������ ��ة� ا �ل����را �� � �� ح� ةس ا ��ة� �و�ك ة� ب م م م 1ال�أ�ص� :ف��ا �لت�����ص�� ت� ت ��. ل
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Chapter Nine
The governor immediately issued an order to have posters printed and 9.121 placed at every street corner stating the facts of the case, adding: “An ample reward awaits anyone who knows this woman or has heard of her. And anyone with information who does not come forward will be hanged!” The governor’s order was carried out, and the posters were plastered at every street corner. Two days passed with no incident. On the third day, it so happened that one of the servants of the monastery had come into town to purchase some things for the monastery. As he walked by a poster, he paused to read it. As soon as he did, it dawned on him that the boy had been telling the truth. He hurried back to the monastery. “The city’s on fire with the news of a lost boy!” the servant told the abbot. 9.122 “And the governor has vowed to hang anyone who knows something about him and doesn’t come forward.” The abbot immediately went off to see the boy. He asked him for his story, and the boy recounted the very same facts the posters did. It was only then that the abbot believed him. He set the boy free, and took him back to his father, explaining the entire affair to him from start to finish. As for the goods, the damnable woman absconded with them all, and no one was ever able to figure out who she was. And so it was that the she-devil swindled the merchant. One day, as I was walking down the street, I saw someone running by, 9.123 shouting, “La Sentence!” He was carrying some printed papers, which he was selling for two silver coins. “What are those papers?” I asked a friend. “And what’s la sentence?” “They’re broadsides that report why a criminal is being hanged,” he said, going on to explain why broadsides were issued. When the courts condemned a man to death, the execution would always be held at ten o’clock in the morning. The man’s crime would be recorded on a piece of paper along with the punishment necessitated by the crime, be it hanging, decapitation, drawing and quartering, or whatever capital punishment is typically handed out to criminals. After the judge issues the sentence, it’s printed on sheets of paper and sold throughout the city for two silver coins apiece. As for the criminal condemned to death, he is taken to a chapel inside the 9.124 courthouse to meet the chief confessor, who hears his full confession. This lasts two hours, ending at noon. After leading the condemned man in the act of
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��ل � �ب ب � � � �ة ة ��س � � �ب� �� � ة ة ب ب �ا ب حةب� �� او �ل�� ك� ا ���� � طهر � بو�ل���د �مك� �ل� ا ���را ��� ب��ة����د �م�� � بو��ة��� �� ة ���� ا��ل�� �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا � �لوك� بةب ل�� ��س ب � �� � �ا ب �� ب � � � � �ل���د ب ب��د ا ب�ب���ة�ب���د ا ��� د �ل��ك ا م � ����� ا �لب���د ا بةلس�مب���� ا �� ك� � ��� ��س � بو ة��د � ح��ل ا ��ة� �ع ب��د� ل � ح � � و ب و ة ر ب ة م م ع ب � � ب ا ب ب ة �س��ة ة ب ا ا ب � � را �� ب� �مس ر�هب�� � �م� ر ا �و�ع� ������س ح�ة� �ة �لو�ع� ���� �وة�����لة��� �ةو ب�ر��� � او �ل�� �ب���� � �� ���� ة ر ة ةم � ة � �مر. �ع ب��د� ا �ة� �و�ك ة� ا �ل��� � ب ��� ا�ا��م ����� ��ب� ر�كة�ة��� � بو�ةبس �� ا ب��ل ح�� � ب �س ��ل�� د � بو��ة��د �ة� ���ل �ر ب� ��� ا �ب��ا ب� � بو��ة��د ب� ة� ح��ل � بو��ة��ع ر ة ب حة��ً�د بةب ة� م � � بب � ��ل�� �ه� �م ب د ب� ا�م � �� � � � او ب��ل �� �� او ا ��ل�� ا ��ا �ب�� ا ��ل ار ��� � او�بم �م بس ا ����� ح� �م�� � �و��رب� �ب�ة������� �و����� � � ا ��ل�� د � ك ل � ر ر و ب س ر ر ب بة بة م ج م �� �� ا��ا ب ا� ب � ب �� � � �ب ا ��ل����� � � ب � � �� ا ا ب � ل ل � �� � � ا � � � �وب�ة������ة�ر� او �ب���� ا �ة� � ك م�� � ا�م����ةس مس ا � �و�ه�� ك ب ة������د ا ب �ل� د �ة� ل� ا �ل�د ة� �مرك ب� م م م ةب ة �� � ح ���س���ة ا�ا�م ���سب ��ة��� � ����ة حة ا ح��ل�� ب ا ب��ل ب� م � � � � � � � �� س � � � � � 1 � ��ل�� د � بو�ل���د� ب��ة������د ا �ل ار �� ب� � � بو ة ب ب رم ب ة ����ة� ب ر ب ةس � ح�ة �� ب��د �م�� � � ��� �� ا�ا� ب � �� �و ��ب� ���د� ا �������لب �� ة� �ورا �ب����� ا �م�ا � � عمب� ا�بم م�ة���. � و ة ة ب و ة ة م ة� رم ة� ة ر ة� � ة ب ة �� �� �ب � �ب �� ة � ب ا � �بك � ا �� ا �� حة��ً�د ا �ل ار �� ب� ب��ة��ل ���� ا �ة� ا �ل����� ب� � ب�و�ة��ب��د �ة���� �ة� ���ل � ا �ل�ة�� � ح� ب�ة����ل�و��� بلهة�� �ط م � ب ب ب � � ���ا �م��ل�� ���ا �� بس �م�د ا �و� ���� �ة� ب��ب�ة����� ���� ا � ب��د ا �م��ة ا �� ك� �����ا �ب�ة��ب��د � او ��� ���ا �� ����ل�و� � او �� ك� � بو�ل���د ب� ح��ل�و� ة ة ة� م ة� ���ا �� ب ا �� ا ��ل ������ � ب��س � ا ب ة ب ة �� �ب��ل�م�ا ب��ة� ب���ةشه ���ا ��ب ����ل� � � ب �� ب� وة حة��ً�د ب��ة���ل ���� ا � ك� س �ة� � �ة� ة� و ح����م �ب� �����م �ة� ��ط�لب �� او ة ب � � ة � ب �م ب �م �� ا ��ل���د � �����ه����� ا �لب ���ل�� ���� �ب �بل��� ا �بل ا ح�� �م ب ����ب�ب��ا �ب���� ة ح ��ط�ا � �ب�ا �ب�� ب� � ح��د �ة� ٢ ر ة� ة �� ر ب� س ب ة ة ب س ل س س رةم � � � ب ة ب � ب ب ب ب � � ب ا �ل ������ ب� �ة����� ب��ب� ك� ��ا �ود �م�و ��ط�ا �ب���ةس �م بس �مر�� ا �ل���د ر�ة� �ب�ا �����ا ������� ��ة� ����ل � �ل���س � بو�ل���د � ة م ع ة ع � � ب ة ا ا �� � � ���س � �� ب ب� � ���ا �� بس �ب�ا �����ا ر�ة ا ������لة�� ا�ا�م�ة��د ��س �وبل بر��ل �م بس ��� ا � ا � � � � م ك � �ل���ل��� �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ��� ����ل�و� ب ةر ا �� � ب ة م � � ب ���ةح�ا ب��� � د ب� ا ا �� �لو�كة ة� ا ب��ل ��ل�� د د �ب�� بد ��ل��ك ا�بم �ر� � او�ا�مر����� ��ب� ر�كةب�ة��� �ورك� �� ب� ���� ك� و ح��ل ��� �م�� �ب�ة�س ة ة� م � � ع ب � � � ��� �� � � ا ة � بل ب �� �م ب ���ل � � بل ب �� ا ا�ا�م � ب �ة � � �ب ����ا �ة��� � ��ط� �� �����و� ��� ا �ل�� �ر�ا �ب�� � � ط� م ل � ��س � � � � ل ل � ر ر و و و و س ة و و ة و و ر ة ب � حة � � �� �ل � ة � � �ب ح��د � � ا ��� �م�د � ة � ا ������ة � � ا ��ل � ��� �م ب ا ب�ل ��ل�� د � او ب� �و� �وةل�� �م� او ا ���ل� مة��د ب����د ح�ك ������ ��ة� ة���مر � � م ر و و رو � س ة مة ة � �� ب ب � � ب � � ة ة ا ا بة ح� �و�م�ا د ا �ع�م� � � ح�� ���� بس ���ا ا �� ك� ���ل ���لة��� ا �ل��س ���. ا �� � ���ل� �م ���� �ل� د �ل�ك ا ����� � ب �ل ة ب ا� ب ������ ا ��لب�ه ب��ا ح�� � �ه� ا ب� ا � �م�ا ��� �ع ب � ة ا ���� ب ب�ع ��� ب�ع ح�ابل ب��� �ب�ا � ب� ب��ا ب� �ة ب و و و ة� س ر ب ح��ل �� ب�ر� ة ر حب��ر ���د ا ا�م��س�ةس رة ب ة � ب �ب � � ب �� ا ة ب � ب ا � � ب �س��ا � ا �لب�ب��ا د �ة�لة� � ار ء طو�ل �ع�مر� �م� ب� ح�ا �ل�� �و�ل��د �ة ��و� �م بس د ا ة� ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � د � ح��ل ا ة� �م� ر� �و �ة� �� � م م ب � � � ا� ب ب � ��ا � �ب ا �� �ب ا ب �� � ب � �ة ب� � �� ب� �ة � ب � �م���د ب� �ة� ل�� �ط� د �و ع���ل ر ة� ��� ب��ة�� � ���م �و�ل�د ب �مة���ل ا�م� ���رك�� �م��ل ا �����ور� ة ع ب ة� ��و� ���ة� ج أ أ ف 1ال��ص�ل :ف��تصت����� ٢ .ال��ص�ل � :ف���تصت��� �ت�.
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Chapter Nine
contrition, the confessor grants him absolution. Lunch is then served, and the priest and the criminal dine together. After lunch, the priest withdraws, and is replaced by a monk from the order of Saint Augustine, who admonishes the condemned man, reconciling him to his fate and giving him courage to face it. The priest returns and remains at the condemned man’s side until the evening. At this point, the executioner arrives. He knocks at the door, enters, and 9.125 places a noose around the condemned man’s neck. The three men leave the chapel, descend the steps of the courthouse, and climb into the wagon together, making their way to the place designated by the authorities for the hanging. The executioner ascends the ladder propped against the gallows, followed by the criminal, who stands a step behind him. The monk comes next, with a crucifix in his hand. He holds it up in front of the criminal’s eyes, urging contrition and courage in the face of death. The monk then turns to face the assembled crowd, leading them in the 9.126 prayer of eternal rest. It’s a prayer that is practically shouted, and is followed by a second prayer. All the while, the priest continues to urge the condemned man to contrition for all his sins. When the second prayer is complete, the priest turns to the crowd again and exhorts them to ask the Virgin Mary to intercede on behalf of this soul, which will soon be departing from our midst. The crowd begins to pray and weep, begging the Virgin to intervene for the sake of the man’s soul. At the end of the prayer, the priest makes the sign of the cross over the criminal and descends the ladder. At that moment, the executioner pushes the condemned man off the ladder, the noose tight around his neck, and climbs onto his shoulders, the man’s head between his legs. He swings him back and forth three times to snap his neck, then jumps off. Then he takes the body down off the gallows, puts it into the cart, and sells it to the doctors, who take it to their medical school so they can dissect it for the instruction of their students. After my friend finished explaining all of this, I asked him what this particular man had done to deserve to be hanged. “The story of this poor man is strange and remarkable indeed,” he replied, 9.127 launching into it. There was once a very rich merchant who had no sons. One day, he visited an orphanage for bastard children, and saw a perfectly beautiful child among them. He was precocious, well-spoken, and intelligent, and exceeded all the other children in beauty, manners, and modesty. The merchant was drawn to
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� � ا � ا ا ��ل ب ا �� ب �� ب � ا ة � ا �ب ا � ة � � � ب � �� ب �مة�� ا �ل��و�ل�د �ب� � ح���س �و ��� ار ��� � او �ل�� ح������ �م �م� �ل ��لب��� ا �ة��� �و ��ط�لب��� �مس �و�ة����ل ع �ب � ح�ة� �ة�ا ب� ح��د� �ولة بر��ة��� �ع ب��د� �م����ل�م�ا �ة��ل�و� ا ب�� ب���. ة �ا ة ب ��� �م ب �ة�لة��د � � ا ب�ة�سب � �ه ب��ا ك ب�� ب��� �ة�م ا ���� ا � ��ل�اد ��� ������ل�م�� ب ا ���� ب ����اة�ل� � او �� ك� حب ��و� ��� را � ا �ع��ة� ك��ل س م و ة رو ل و و �ة� ةس � ع � ب � ا ب � � ة ح��د �و�ل��د �م ب ���� ا �و�ل�د �و ب� �����ل�� �م����ل ا ب�� ب��� �و�ل����ل�م�� ����ل��� ��� ك���ا ر �م بس ا � ك� ���ا را � ب��ة���ل بر�م�و� �ب�ا � س ل م ة ة ة ةا � � ة � � ب � ة ا � �س��ة ة � � ب ب � ا ا � �� � � � � � � ح��ةس �م� �ة��ب��ر �وة �ل� ا � ك� ا �� ك� ���ا ر ا �ة� � ��� ر م�ةل�� � .حة��ً�د ب��ة��ب ���� �م ��ط�ل�و�� ا �ل�را د� ا � را د ة�� �ة�� م بم �ع ب ������ل � ا � ا بلس�مب� ���� � ة ب� �ع ب ب ح ����ل�� � ���� � ة ج� � ا � ا �ب�� ب��ة�� ب��ة ب � � ��سسب����ل �و� ح��د� �و���د � س ��س �د � � � � � ةر و ��د �م� �و �ل� ة ��ة� ب ة �ل ب� �م وب ة ة � � � ا � ب ا�ا� � ب ة �ود� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا � ب��ل�� د. �م بس ب��م��ل�� ا�م� ��س م�و ب � �ب ة � ب � � � ب � ة ب� ب ح� ا ��ة��ا � بد ���� ا ��ل ��ل��د �ل � �ة �س���� �و�م���ة� �ب�� ا ��ة� ب��ة��ة��� ���ل�م�ا را �ة�� �ر�م�� د �ل��ك �����ل��م د �ل�ك ا �لر ب� �ل ب ر ل ك �و ب �و ة ب� ا ب ا� ة � ة ب ��ة ب ةة ا ��ة��ا � �ب� ة � ة ح��� �ع �ة��سم�� �و��هة� �ور ب� ��م� ح��ل��� �ب����د ا ا�م���د ا ر ح�ة� ا �����م ك�ب� �� او ��ة� �ور��� �و��ة�� � حب���� �م ب بر ب � � � ب � � ة ب ��ا ب� ���� � �ل��د ���ل� � � ��� ��� ب�ل���د �م�و�ة���� �و���ا ر د �ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب�ر لةر��ة��� � او �و� ��� �ل�� ����ل��� ة�ل����ل�م�� � ب ب م ل و ة ة و ورة م � م � � ة � � ا ا ة �� � � ب ب � ة � � ة ا ا ا ��� ��� �و�ل���د �م� �مك�� ���ل�م�� د � � م������ �و���ل�م�� �م�����ك ا �ل��د �� لر � او �ل ا �� ا� � ح���� �ب� � ا ة� ل ح�ل�� ا �ة� � ك ب ل� ار ا � �و �� ب ب � ب حة ا �ب�� �ةل��ل�� � ���ا ��� �ا ���د ا �ل � �ب ا ��ل�س� � ا ��ل ���م ا � ا ��ا ب� � � � ا � ة � و ر ة � ب �و �ة� ب ة و ر و �ل �م�د� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �� ح�د � او �ل�� ��ط� ح�ة� � ة م ع ب � ���ا ر ا �ب��ا بررك� ا �ب�� ب��ا �ة� ���� ا ب� �لو� ��� ك� ���ا ب��ة���. ة ة� ا ة �ة ا � �� ا ب � � ب � ب ا ��ل�ع ب� � � ل ب ب � ب�� �ب � ب ا � ا ة ا � � � � � ا � � ا ا م � ح � �و ع��مر س �س�� و ة�� .ة��ً�د ���� ر� م� ة� ب �لو� �و ��س��� م ة� � بلل س �مر � ة ع � � ��ا ب ب ب ح� �ة �ع�ب�� ب��ا �ة�ب�� ا �ل � �� ب�د ���� � ب ح ب ح ����� ��ل�� �� ب�� ة� ��م � � ��س��� � � ب�ة ل � � ��و� �ولةر�و ب�� ح �� ب � � ك � � ب �و� ة� ة و ة � م ر ة� ب و ب و ب ب ة � � � ب �� � ب ح�� ا � ا ة � ة �م بس ب�� ب��ا ة� ا �لبس ��ا ر �و ب� ����س �ل�� �م بس �م�ا �ل�� � ����د ا ر � او �ب��� ة� ل��د �ل��ك � � � ح� ����� � او �ل��د��� � ����د ا ر � ���ة �� ا � ��� ��ة��� �م�ا ����ب��� ��ب ا�م �م�� � د � �ب�ل ا ��ب ا ��ل� ��� ��ة��� ا�ا�م�ا ��ل ا�ا�م� �ه� � ����� �م ب � � � ح� � ب �� � � و و � ب ة � م ة� و وب � م س مس ا �ل�د را ه�م �وك ب و وة و ة وة ب � � ب � ب � �ه� � .ب ب ب ة ب � � � � � ب � او �ل��د �ة���� � بو�ل���د �م�د� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �ع�م� او ��ة� ا �ل��ر��س �ور �و ب�� و حة��ً�د ا � �ل�ر�� د �ل�ك ا �ل�و�ل�د �مس م م � �ة� �� ب � ب��ة � � �ة ��ا ب ا ب ب ا ا ا � � �� � � ل � � � � � م ا ا ا � � � � � � � �� � � ا ب �لو� �و � � ل� د ك� � و��� ر ةب ة� وة���� ر ة� وح�د� و���د ��� ر بر� ��� ب �لو� �ل� � ر � �ر ع �ب ��ا ج��لة ب � ��ا � � ���ا س ا � � � �� ��ة� �مة��ا ب� �ةر��. ك�� �ة� ك�� ر ب ر و ر ة ب � � ب ب � ب ب � ب ا ب��ا � ة � �س�ة��ا � ��ة� ����ل � ح�ا �ل �م�د� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �ة ��و� �م بس د ا ة� ا �ل��ة�ا � �م���� ا �ة� �ع ب��د م ة م م �ب � ة ب ب � � ة � ب � ة ا� � � �س�� �� ب� �ل����ل�� ح��ل �ل�ل ك ح�ة� ة����ح�� �����ة�ر� �ع بس ا �مر�م بس ا �ل�ا�م�ور ��م�ا را ء ا ب� �لو� �ة� ا � ب�ة��� ��د � ب �لو ة ب ة ب � ب ب ب � ب ���� ب ةس ��� ���ط�ا ة��� لا �و ب��ا ب� ح��د�ة�� ا �ة��ب��ا �ة�� � ار ء ��م��س� ةس �م�و� � ةر � �ه ب��ا ك �حج�م�ا را � � ار د ا �لرب�� ��و��� ة ع
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Chapter Nine
the boy, and asked the director of the orphanage if he could take him home and raise him as a son. In France, children are fostered by master artisans of different trades. 9.128 Anyone who advances in his trade and is recognized as a master artisan is required to take on one of these children as an apprentice. He treats him like a son, and teaches him the trade. Once the child has grown up and learned the trade well, he’s free to do what he wishes. He may remain with his master, for example, or find another. He might even become recognized as a master artisan himself, working on his own. This practice is one of the many virtues of that country. So the merchant adopted the child, received a document to this effect, and 9.129 took him home. When the man’s wife saw the boy, she too fell deeply in love with him. They were both so enamored that they amended their will, stipulating that the boy should inherit from them when they died. The merchant then attended to the boy’s education, arranging to have an instructor teach him how to read and write. Once the boy had completed his studies, the merchant involved him in his business and gave him a thorough education in the methods of bookkeeping and accounting. The boy began to assist his father in all of his commercial dealings, from purchases and sales to bargaining and negotiation, and eventually surpassed his father in his trade. When the young man was about twenty years old, his mother suggested to 9.130 his father that they marry him off while they were still alive. The father agreed, and arranged an engagement to a fine young lady, the daughter of a fellow merchant. He set aside some of his wealth for his son, the girl’s father did the same for her, and they drew up a marriage contract at the courthouse. Recorded on the contract was the sum of money gifted to the betrothed couple by their parents. After a period of time, the wedding was held and they were married. The young man left his father’s business and set up his own shop. He began to operate on his own with the blessing of his father, who could see that his son was a shrewd merchant and had already begun to earn a living from his commerce. Everything was going well until one day, when the young man went to see 9.131 his father to ask his advice about a particular matter. His father didn’t seem to be home when the young man arrived, so he went by his office to search for him. He wasn’t there either. The young man was about to turn around and go home when he noticed something. There were a pair of bond certificates sitting in a cubbyhole at his father’s desk. The certificates had been issued by
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ة ة ب � ا ة ا ة ا� ة ا ة �اب � م��س��ا ة� ا�ا�م��ل�ك � ا � � ب� ���� ب م�� ��ب��� �وك� ةس �م بس �� ك� ���ا �ب�ل او ����ل ��م��س� �مس ��ط� �� � ا� ك و ح�د ب �م���حج�م� �ة�� � او �ل��ر � � � �ب ب ب����ح�ل�� �� �م�ا ��� ب�ع ���س ��ل�ا ب� ا�ام��ل�ك �ا�م�ا �ة�لة��� ���لة��� ا ��بل �ر ب� حة��� �ب ك� ��ا � ة�ل�� ��ط�� �ل�ا ب� ح��ل ��ل�� �ةل�� ل ة ر ة ة ة � �� ��لة � � ب ب � � � � ب ة ة ��ا ا ا ا � � ح�د � او ����ل � ك� م��س��ا ة� � ك� �ر �� ك� ���س�� ���س��ر �ة� � �� ��� ر�و��س ا �ل� ل ا �ل� ل م��س�� � �و��ة ب�حة�ل���وه�م ا �ة� ا بس ر ب � �� �� ا ��� �� � �ب �� ب��ا �ة��� ����� ة���ل��� � ��ا ب� � ب ���ا ب� ��ب� بر�م�ا ب� ا ��ل � �رب� ح�د � او �م � ���م د را �هم �وةل��ط� او ل��ل ةل� �و���د ا ك ة ب س ة� ة ل وة � ب� � ة � ة � ��� �مب م��س��ا ة� ا �ل��ة ������ � �و �لهب�ب�� د را �ه� ��� ام � ب �ب�� �وك�� �و�ل���د �م�د� �ة� ���ط��ل� ا ��بل � ��� ة�ل�� ��ط� �� ك� حة��و� � ل � ر س ب � ة � ة م م ة م ة ع ة ب � � � ة ة ب ب ب ب ة � � ب ة ا ا ا ا ا ا ب � ب � �و�م� ���� ��و�� �ر�و ب� ا �ل �� � �ل او ة��ة�� ب�ر ��� ����ل � ك� ��� � ك� �ود� �ع��د �ه� مو ب�� م��س�� � ا� � � �ر�� ��لة� ة ج م م ب � ة ا ��� �� �ً � ب ا � ا �� �ب ��م��س ا �ة ة ب ة ب ب � � ا � س � � � � � ��� �� �ب� ل� �و �م� �ة� ���م����ل �م�ا �لك�و� ����� ر� ��� م��ل� ة����� ر ة� ا ��� ب�ر ح��س ب�� ة � ب � ب ة ب�ع ��� � �لة� �� ��ل��ل �ا �ل� �ع ب��د � ة�� � ب ب� ��م���حج�م�ا �ة�� � او �ل�ب� �عر���س �ب �ل ��و ب��س � �و����ة�ر ا �ب��ا را � � �ل � � ة� م����ك ر � ة ة� بر س �ة و � ب ةع ���د ا ا�ام ب�� او �ل. ة � � ���� ب ب�ع � ا ������طج��� � ة��ا ��ل ��ب ��ا ��ل�� ا �� ���د ا �ع ب ا ��ل�س� � ا ��ل ���م ا � �م�ا ب��ا �لب���ل�� � �ام�ا را ء ����ل ��م��س� س بة و ر و و � � ب ب ةس ر ة ة م ع ع �ا ب �� ا � ب ب ا ب� �د �ه � �مب�� ا �� � ا �ب �ة � � � ا ا � �د � �ب �ب ب � �و��ل�� � � ح� ب� �ل� � � � � د ح� � � � � ح � � ع م � ���� ح � � � ل م ر� �ة� � ة� � م و �ة� ة� �و و ح� ة� �م ورب م ب �ة ب ة ���ا ب ���� 1ب �س �� ب� ا ب� �لو� ب�ب����د ك� ���ا ��� ���ا � �ة �لو� ا ������ر�ة� �م بس � او � �و ب�ر�و ب� م� ح�� �مس � ك ح��س �ب� ب� ح��د �ب�ا ررك� � م م ب �ة ب � ���� ب ��ب� ا ��ب��ا برا ر ب ك ����اا ر�� ا ��ل���ا د� �و�مب���� ك� ح��ل ا �ل�سم��س� ����ل�م بس �ه�و ��ة� � �ود � ح�ا �ل ���ب��ة���ل��. � ةس ة ة ة ب ة � � � � ب ب ب� ح��ل �ل�ه ب��د ا ب� �لو� د �ل�ا ��ل �وة���ل�� � ��مب���� ��� د �ل��ك �م�د� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �ة ��و� �م بس ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � د ب� ح ة� ة ة� م م حة ب � � � � ل � ب ب � � ���د � ���� ب ب ا ا ا � ب � ب � � �س � � ��� ��� رحة����� �و �ه� ��س ك� �� ر ا س�م� م��� �� ا � ح��س �ب� � �� ة ة� ح�د �ل�ك �هة� ب س�مس �م�� �� ب ة ع ة ة ة � ب ب� ة ا �� � � � ا �� � ب � �� �� ب لس� ا ب �ة ب� ��� �� � ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م� � ة ا ل � ب ب ا ع ا ��� ب�رب س�مس �م�� �� ب �� �ر ��ة� �و�� ل �ل�ل�د �ل� ل ع��د ة� م��س���ةس ب �م� ��ة�� عر س � بول� ��ط�ة� � � � ة ب ب � � ا � ب � �ة � ب ���� ا ��ل��د �ل�ا ��ل ��� ���ا � ���ا ��� ا �ب��ا ��ة� د را �ه� �ر���ة� ا �ل��د �ل� �ل �ب��د �ل��ك �وك��ب� �� او ا �ب��ا را ر �و�عر ب� ح ب� ا �ب� ب� ة� م � � � � ا� ب ة � ب� � بة � بة ���ا ��� ��� ���ا ��� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د د �ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب�ر ��� ا �ل��د �ل� �ل ���ل�م�ا ����ل��� ا �ة��ا ب�ر ا �ب� ب� ���هب���ل � او ر�����ل ا �ب� ب� � ع �� ة � م ب � �ة ةج �س��د � �ة�� � ا ب� � ا ��ل��د ا ��ه � ���د ا ��ل�� بد � ب � ب ب ب ل ا � �س س � � ح � � � � � � � � م � � ا م��س� ل �ةس و ��� ة� ك ح���� �م بس ب ��د ة� ة � و و ربج ر م و م��ب�� �ة� ة �ةب �ة ���� ب ��بم�ا را �ه� ب��ه ة ب� � حة� ب� ا �ل�سم��س� ح ب�. ةس م ب �ً ب ة � ب � ا �ة � � ب ا ة �ب ا ��� ب ا � ة ب ح��ا ر ��� ا �مر� �ب����ا ر ة�����ا ��ل ا �م ار �ة�� ا� ح�ة را �����س �ب�ة�س ا �ل��ورا � � او �ل�د �� لر� ٢م� را ء ��ة� �� ة � ب ب � �ل ة ح��ل�� ب��ة�رك �ب ب ا د ب�ة��� ا � بل�ه � ا ��بل � �س�� ح ب� � او ��ل��ة بر� �ب�ا �ب�� ح��د ب��ة��د ب� ح�ا ب� �لو� �م�ا ا � �� ب� �ب�ا ب� ح��ل �ل� ك ���دا � �مس د � ر م و م أ أ ف ف ف كا � ٢ .ال��ص�ل :وا �ل�� ��ا. 1ال��ص�ل :ف�ا ر �
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Chapter Nine
the king, one for five hundred piasters and the other for three hundred. It was customary for the king, when his expenditures had grown onerous, to issue bonds in order to be able to pay the salaries of the military. His generals would take these bonds, sell them to the merchants at a modest discount, and use the money to pay their soldiers. This was a wartime practice, and once the treasury was flush again, the merchants would present their bonds and receive money in exchange, as was guaranteed by the royal seal. When the treasury was delayed in repaying its debts, the merchants would buy and sell these bonds among themselves, treating them like currency. For example, if a merchant were to buy some goods for 1,500 piasters, he might say to the seller, “I’ll give you a bond for five hundred piasters, plus a thousand in cash.” The negotiation would proceed along these lines. Now, when the young man saw the bond certificates, he was overcome with 9.132 greed. “My father isn’t in business anymore, and has no need for these bonds,” he thought. “In fact, he might even have forgotten all about them!” The young man pocketed them and returned to his shop without anyone knowing he’d set foot in his father’s office. A few days later, while purchasing some merchandise from another merchant, he introduced the two bonds into the negotiation, as was customary. The transaction was completed smoothly, and each man went his way. Time passed; then one day a broker came to see the father.
9.133
“I’ve got some cheap merchandise for you, a real steal!” the broker said. “Believe me, I can get it for you at a good price.” Confronted with the prospect of a good deal, the merchant agreed. “I have some bonds worth eight hundred piasters, and I’ll pay the rest in cash,” he said. The broker was satisfied. They drafted an offer, which the broker took to the seller, who accepted it, and sent the goods to the merchant through the broker. Once he’d received delivery, the merchant opened his cashbox and counted out the amount he owed minus the value of the bonds. Then he went into his office to get the bonds, but to his surprise he couldn’t find them. The merchant hunted through his papers and account books, to no avail. 9.134 Bewildered, he turned to his wife and servants, asking them who had entered the office. “No one ever goes in there besides you,” they replied.
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�ب �ة � � � � م��س��ا ة� د را �ه� �ب �لة��و ب��س �ب�ب�� ة� ���لة��� ا �ل�ا�مر ب�ب����د ا ��ل�ةحس�بهة�ة�� ��� � او �ل�� ح�� ا �� ك� عو ب��س ا �ل�س ك� �� � ة�ل�� ��ط�� � � � � س س ة� م ة �ة �ة �ة � � �ة ب � ��� ب �� �ل�ل�ب�س�ا ر �ع بس ب���ة��د� ا �ل�سم��س�� ��� ح��د �م بس ا �لب�س�ا ر �ة��ل�� �بس ���ا ر ة� �� ط� ا �ل�ا�ة�ا ��س �م ةس �ب�م او � ��� � ل � ��ل ح� � ة م ع � ة �ة ة ب �ا � ح��د � ا �ع ب �ة ��� ا ب��م�ا ة���ل ب��ا �ع ب �ة�ا ب � حب� ا �ل�س ك� �ل�ا ب� � م��س��ا ة� ب��ة�� ب��و ب� ح�� �و�ل� �ب��د �م�ا ب��ة������ او ��ة� �ة��د ر و � س س ر ب ة ة م � او � ح��د �م ب��ا. �ة ا ب ب � � ب � ح��د �مب ح�ب��د ا �ع ���ط� �� ك� � ��م�ا �مب���� �����هر �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �و����ل� او �ة��د � او � ����ل � او � ح��د ��� ا ��� ة ر � �ة ً ة� ة م ج ة ة � �ب ب ��ا ب ب � �ه � ��� � ة ا� � ا ب ب � ب� �م بس ا ��لبس ��� �ب�ا �ب���� �� ك� ���� ���ل�م�ا �ة ب�ل�ر��س � ��ا ر ك�� � ا � ��� ع ح�د � ب��ر �ل� ا�م�� ر� م��س��ا ة� د �ل��ك � ة� ر ة م م م م ا ��ل ة �ب �ب ا � � �� � ب �ب �ل ا � � ة ا � �ب � �� �ب�مب ب ا ب س � � � � ا �ة��ا ب�را�ام�د ل�� � � � ه ا ا ا ا ع ا � م��س� � � ��س �م� ا � �ل�� �ة��د� � �د� ��� �و ل � � � � � � � � � ع م � � � ب ر و ر و ر � � ر و � ةس ر ة ة م م ب ب � �ب ب�ا ب ب �مة ب ا ���� � ا ����ة �ة ب م�� ���د ا �ه�و ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ب ������ � ب � ك � �م���ةس بل��ر� ا � ك� ع � � ���د ���د � � م � ح � �� � � س ر ب �ل ل��م �مس �ب�ة� ة� ب ة �مة � �ب � � �ب ا � ا ب � � � ة ا � ب � اب ب ب با ةا ح�� ا �� � ك� م��ب�ة� و ����ل���م � ب �� ب�را ����ل �عر��س �� ��س �م�ل�ج� �ب� ��� د � ل ة� ح� �ب�� د �ل�ك ا ��� ب�را م���ة� �� ��ب ا �م ك �و�ه� بة��س ��ا �� حب��ر ا ��ل ح���� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ب ������ ا ب� ل�� . � � و ل ر ة م ب م �� ب ب � � ب �� ��ب� ا �ب��� ا �ب�ل � � ��مب��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ة��ا ب�ر ا ��� �ع ب��د ا ��ل حب��ر� ��ة� ا �ل�ا�مرا �ل��د �ة� �و�ة�� ��ا �� � او � ح�د � او � م وب ع �و�ة ة� ة م � � ب ة � ب ب ة � ب �� ا ��� ة ا ا ��ا �� ا �م ة�� ب��� ب �م ب � � �ع ب��د �ب�ل�� � �ة�ا ب�ر � .ب �ل ع ����ل �� ب�ر �وة���س������ او ح�دا �م�� �ب� �����م ة�م� �و حة��ً�د ا م ر ةس س �� ب ا � ا ��ل ا �� �� ب ب � � � ة ا � � �لة �� ��ل ����� �م ب ���د �م ب ا ب� � ا بل �ر� ��م ب� � ح�د ����ل �� او ������ ا �ة� �ع��د د �ل�ك ا ��� ب�ر �و���� �ل�و� �ب� �مرا�� �م ة و � م س ة س ب ً ة � ب ���ا � ����ا ��ل� � �م ب��� ب ة� ��� ب ب���ة��ا ��ل �م ب ���د �ب�ل�� ب� �ة�ا ب� ��م ب� � ب ب � � ةس ��ل�� ����ل �� ك� م��س��ا ة� ر �� او �ع��د د �ل�ك ا �ة�� و و سة �م��س��ةس � ب � ح� �ة�ا � ا �� ب� ًا �ب ا ب � � ب ��� ا �ع ب��د � ا � � ب �ة ب ة ب و ح�د � �وة��د �����م ���ة� ��ة�ر� ح�ة� ا �� � ��د �����م �عس ر ب� �ل ب ر ة �ه� او ��� �م� را �ل� او ة�م� و � � � � ب� ا �ة� �ع ب��د ا �لب���ل�� � ابل بس ا �ة��ا ب�را�ام�د �ل��ور. م �ة � ب � ب � ب ب اب � ب ب� ح��د ب�ل��ل ا �لب�س� �و���ا ر ا ب� �� ���ل�م�ا ����ا �ل�و� ��م�ا �ة�د ر �ة�لة ��و�ل �ع بس ا � ل�م� � ����ر��م او �ب� ��� �ه�و ا �ل��د �ة� ������ � م �� م �بك ا �� � ا ��ل ا ��� � ب���ل ا ا �م�ةح��� ا � ا � ا �ل ا �� ب�حج�م ب ا � � ا �� �ع ب�د ا ��ل � � �م ب��� ب � � ��و ب� �ة� � � � � م �ل م� ��ا �� �م� � ع ل ��� ح � � �� �� �م �و�ه�و ر و ب م ةس م ب م ة ة ة � ب ة �ة ة ��� ب حب������� � ح��د ة� ����ل ��م��س�� �وا ب� �ب�ا �مر ��ة� � ا ب� ةس ��م�ا ��د ر لةرد ب�� ح� ا �ل���د ا ب� ح�ة� �ة�ل�ر � �ة ب ا � � �� �� �� ��� .ا ب ��ا ��ا ��� ط�س ح��ًا �ة � ا ���ة �ب� ��ا �ب�� �ه� ا ��ل�� بد �� �ب ������ل�� �م ب � ل � � � ا ا ا � ���ح� م� ك � � � � � � ل ل � � � � ب بو ر م ة� و ة ةر ر و ر ب ب ة �م س � ج ب � � � � �ب ا ة ب ب ة ة ب � � � � ا ا ا ا ة � ح�� ا ��� ا �م�� � � �� ح�ة� ة��ة�� د ب� ��ة ر ا �ل��م �ةرل���� ح��م� ��لة��� ا �ل��م �ةرل���� �ب� �ل��س ��� ا �م� �م �ب� ب� ب��ة���ح�� �ل� ب� ل ةس �ا �م بس ا �ل��م ب��ا.
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Chapter Nine
As his astonishment grew, he was forced to pay in cash the remainder meant to be covered by the bonds. This rankled him. Meanwhile, he continued to turn his whole office upside down, searching for the bonds, but eventually gave up hope. He did, however, mention the lost certificates to his fellow merchants. “Don’t worry, they’ll turn up soon enough,” one of them said. “Tell us the date they were issued, and we’ll be able to recognize them when, inevitably, they fall into the hands of one of us.” The merchant gave them all the issue dates of the two bond certificates. 9.135 A month later, they turned up in the course of a transaction. When the trader involved studied them, he realized right away that they were the bonds his fellow merchant had lost. He took them to their owner, who immediately recognized them. “But how does this get me anywhere?” he wondered to himself. “How can I be sure that it wasn’t this fellow who pilfered them from my office? On the other hand, I can’t believe that an honorable and upstanding merchant would sneak into my office and take my property.” “Why don’t you go tell the governor about your situation?” the other merchant suggested. “He’ll be able to find the person who stole them.” So the merchant went to see the governor and informed him about the 9.136 matter, telling him how the bonds had been recovered by his colleague. The governor ordered two of his men to retrace the course of events and take the merchant with them. They went to see his colleague and demanded, by authority of the governor, that he tell them where he’d gotten the bonds. He named a certain trader, and they went off to interrogate him in the same way. He in turn pointed them to yet another trader, and the trail continued in this way until they finally arrived at the merchant’s son. When they asked him where he’d gotten the bonds, he was struck dumb. 9.137 That was when they knew they’d found the thief. They escorted him to the governor, to whom the terrified young man presented himself. “Where did you get these bonds?” the governor asked him. He was unable to utter a word, and the governor ordered him to be jailed and tortured until he told the truth. Finally, the young man confessed that it was he who had stolen the bonds from his father’s office. The governor sent him to court, where he was sentenced to hang in front of his own house, to symbolize his violation of the trust placed in him, and to serve as an example to others who were also invested with people’s trust.
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ب �ل ا � � ب ا ��بل � � ا� �ب � � ا �ب� � � � ا � � �ب ا �� ب � �ب ا ��ل ا � ب � �� �م� بل�ل� �� �ل �م���ة� ا �ة� ع �ب� ر �ل�ب �لو� ��د م ����ة� م� ����ل بحة�� م� �� د ةلهة��د� ��د م �و �ة� ب � حة � ة � ب ب �� � � ا �� � ب ��ل ������ ��� ا ب�� ب��� �ب �لة ��و��ل�� ��ل�� ���د ا ا �لب���ل�� � ابل ب��� �ب�ا ��ل��ةر��ة��� �و�ورل ���� �و�م�ا ب��ة��ب��� � �و��� ب��� ب ع��د ا � م �ة� ب��� ع ة ة بة ةة م ة ���� � � � �� � ا �ب � ا ب � �ه � ا � ا ب �ة � بة ب ب ب � � ح�ا �ب�� ا ��ل �ة� �وك� ��ا �� ا �لة����س � � ���ل �م�ا ��ة� �ل�� ب��ا ب� ح�د � ب� �ل� ح��ل� ��س �مس ��ة�ر ��ل�م�ك � او ��� ا �م��ةس م م � ب � ة � � � � � � ا � � ب ة ب �ل ا ب ا � � � � ب ة ا ب � � � � ��لة ح�� ���د ا � �� � � � اس ح��م� ��لة�� ا �ل��مرل��� �ب� �ل��س ��� �� �م� � �م ب��� �و�ل�ا ب� ل ح� ب� ا م�ل� مس �� ��ة� ا ل��م ةرل�� ب��ة� ة �بس ب ب ا� ة �ب ا � ب ا ب ب� � ب � � ع ���� ��ا �ب ب � � � � � ��ا � ب�ل ��وا ا ا ا � ا �� م � م� � � � � � � م � م � � � ا �ة� ا ���م ار �� ا�ام�دة�� ب��� ب��ة��و�����ل � ة�� ب � � ة ب �و ب س �و� � �م ب � ة م م ب ة ا �ب ا � ب ��ا � � � ة ة � � � ا� � � ا ��ل ���م �ل����� . ��م� حة��ً�د ا ب��� ا �ة� �ب�ل� ��ط ا�م�لك � او ر���مة� ���ة� ا ك�� لبر ا �ل��د �و�ل�� ب �م��ل�� ���د ا �ة� �م� ا �م�� � ر ب ًةا ب ة � �� � � �ل� � ا ب� �ًا ا ة��ة����� �ة ا �� ا�ا�م�� � �ب �ب � � ا �� �� �ة ا � ا� ا � ا � ا ب � ل� �ة� لك ل����� ب �لو م�ط� �ل� م� ر �و�ل�د ا �ة�� ��� �ة� ح�ط ���ل ��م ةر�� .ح�ة ر �ل� � ب ب ب � � � ب حة�� � ���ل��� �م ب ا �ل ���م �ل���� � � ا�م �ب ��ا �ب���� ة�لب���ة�ر� او ���د ا ا �ل � م�� � �� ��ا ب� ا �م��ل�� �م بس ا ب��مة�� ا�ام��ل�وك ��م�ا ا � ل ح� ة و ب س ر س م ة �ع � ب ب � م �� ب��ة � �م ا � ا �ة � � ا ة ح��د �ل�� ب ��� �ب � ب �ب � � �ور ب� � � �� ا ا � � � � ح �د � � � � م � � ه م � � ر �� ا �ة� �م��ر�ل�� �و�ه�و ة ب� ةو ب ة� �و و ر و ة رة� �م �ة� ر � �م ة� ع ب ب � ب�ل���د ر�م�ا � ��ط�و�ل��ل. ة � � ة � ا �ب � ا ب � ���� ة� ا ��� ا�م � �� �و�� ا �ل��مر � �مر �ب ار��ة ة� �ب �لة�رب� ا ��ل��د ر ب� �ع ار �ب�ا �ب�� ح�م�� � �� ح� �����د ا �ل� ��ة� �م ب� � ا �ل��� � ة ة ج م � ب ��ل ب � � ا � م �� ب �لب� ب �ب � ا بة ب ا ب � ك�� � � �ب �� ا � � � ا � � � ا � � � ا ا ا ا � ل ح �� � �� �� � م د � � � � � � � ح �د د ح� � �� � ل ��ة�� � � � � ��� � ك � � � ك � ل �� � � � � ر و مو س ب و بو ب ة � م ر ب ةس ة �ل و س ة� � ة �� ة �ب ��ل�� د �وة��ا ��ب�� ��� �م �����ة ا�م �و�ل���د � ب������� بل بر��ل ا ب��ل ح��ل� � ���ل��� � �ه� �م�� �� �م ب ��د ا � � ة������ ب س �ة� ر ة ب وم ة و و � س ةم و ب � �م � � � � � � ب �� �ب � ب �� ب � ب ب � � � ب ا ا ا � ب ب ب � � � � � � � � � � � ا � � � � ا ا � � ا ا ا ا ا � � � � � � ه ل �� ة��د� ل�و � ��� ��س � رل�و مس ا ل�د ر ب ور ب ��و �ر ب� � و ك ا� ك ��� ��س و � ح�د� ���� � ة�� د �ل�ك ج ة ع ا ��لب��� �� � � ���د� ا ��ا ب� � ة��ا � ب� ب����ا ا �������ل� ا�ا�م�ة��د �� � � ا ب ������ ا �م�ا � � � � ب � ة ب� ح�� ا �ل���ل�� �م �و�هو� س وو م وب ل م وة �ل ر ة� ب��س ة� � � � ب ب � � ة ح�� ب �م�ا � ����ل� ا ا �� ا�ام ���سب ��ة��� ���ل�م�ا ����� � � �ل �ع ب� ا ا ب ة����بس ���� �م� د ا �م� او ���� لةرةلس ��ة� ا �����ر�ة�ل� ا ��ة� �ةس و و ة� � وةو ����� �� �������ا � ���� �ب���ا ا ��ل ا � � ب ح�ا ب� �ع ب ا ��ل�������ا ا ب��ة���ب��ا ا �� �ه ب��ا ك �ب ا �� ة� ب� � � ة ة� رة ح�د � رج س ة ب ح��سب��� �مر ب� ��ة� ة ب و ر � �و ة � ب � � � ة ب � � � ة ة��� ���ل��� �������د ا ب�ل ��ل� د ا �� ا ��ل� ا �ل���ل��� �و�����د ا �ل���ل� � ب�ل���د� � ح� ا ��د ا � ��و ���ل� �و�م�و ب� � ة م م م م م � ع ��ل�� د � او�ا��م ����� ��ب� ر�كة�ة��� ة��ا ��ب�� ��� ���ا ا ب��ل ا ب�ل ل ��ل�� د. ب س ة� ر ة ب بً � �� � ة � � ب � ة ا ��� ح����� ح�ة�را �����د ا �� ك� �بس ا �لب���ل�� � ��� ا� ���ا �� بس �و ��ة� �ة��د� ا ����لب ��و� �و� ل ع ا ������لب ��و� ا �م� �م �و ب� � م � ة �� ب�� ب ا �� ��ا ب ة ع�ب��ا � �م �رة ب�ل����� ا ��ة� ���سب��ا ك ب��ة��ة��� �و�ه�و ة��ب� �� �� � بو�ل���د ب� � ح��ل�و��س ا ������ل� او � �مك� د ل�ر�� �وك���ل ك�� ��� �ة ة ب � � � ب ا ا �� ب� �� � �� � ب � � �ب �ع ب ا ب � �س �� �و���ة��� �و�ه�و � ا �ل ������ ب� ة��ب� �� ح���س ا �����ور� �و�ه�و �� ���ة� ���د ل��ل م ا ل�د ة� ه�و �ة� ��و � � ب �ب ة ة ب ا ب ة � ا ب � ب ا �ل�ع � ب ب � �ب � ا � ب ا ب � ا ع��م ل ب � ب �س��� �و���د ا �ة� ��ة�� �ب�� ا � �ل�� �ر� ��ة�� ب� �عر����� �و���ة� �م� � �ل��ل� او �ب� � �ل�� �مس �مرا �����ةس �و� رةس
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Chapter Nine
When his father heard this news, he regretted what he’d done, but it was 9.138 too late for such regrets. He immediately went to see the governor, begging him to intercede. “That young man is my adopted son and my heir,” he pleaded. “I have no quarrel with him, and all my property belongs to him!” “Didn’t he steal the bonds, taking advantage of your trust by absconding with them without your knowledge?” the governor asked. “That is why he has been sentenced to hang.” Without hope of swaying the judge, the merchant sought out the nobles of the city, begging them to save his son from death, but they could hardly contravene the law. So the merchant made his way to the king’s court, throwing himself before the state’s high officials and showering them with gifts. They too were powerless to reduce the sentence. Finally, the case reached the king himself by way of some princes, but they too were unable to change the judgment handed down by the court. Having lost all hope, the merchant returned home to weep and wail with his wife. No one was able to console them for a very long time. And that was that. I went to the courthouse in the evening and saw an 9.139 empty cart sitting uncovered, parked by the steps. A few soldiers waited on their horses, along with their commander. After a few moments, the executioner emerged from the courthouse holding the noose of the condemned man, who had his hands bound in front of him. The priest followed behind, and they all descended the steps and climbed into the cart. The priest kept one hand on the young man’s shoulders and with the other held a crucifix in front of his face. All the way to the gallows, the priest never stopped admonishing the young man and preparing him to face death. When they finally arrived, I saw a wooden plank mounted on a tripod, with one end protruding. A ladder was propped up against it. The executioner climbed the ladder, followed by the young man, who ascended a step behind him, the noose around his neck and the other end of the rope in the executioner’s hand. The priest then mounted the ladder, holding the crucifix, and placed it 9.140 before the face of the young man, who could only stare up at the window of his house as he wept. As the prayers came to an end, everyone in the crowd was crying for this handsome man in the bloom of youth, who stood there in the
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ب � � ���س ��� �ا �ه� � � ط�بس ��� ��ب� ة� �ة��س�م� � � � ب ب � ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب�ر� ة���ل�و ب� ا �ل ������ ب� ا�ا�م��لة�� �وك� � ا � ك م � د � ح� � �م � � ح � م� ح��س ب� ك�� م و ة ب � �م س ل و ج ع � ب � �ب �� �م ب � م� �ا� ا ا ب��ة ة ا � ا � � ا ة � �� م ل � � � ��ر�ب�ا �وبل بر�ل�و� ��� ا �ل�� ار �ب�ا �ب�� � �ك�� د ل� � � ا � � ��� �ل� م�ور د ��� ب �ل د �م ح��د حب ��و ب� �� وم� � �م� � �ل�� �و�ل�د و ة ة � � ة ة �ب ب � ����ا � ا ��� ا ��ل � ب ةًا ب ��ل�� د �م�ا �ة�د ر ��ب� بر��ل �م ب ��� ا � � ��ا �و ���ط� � ا ب��ل ��� ا �م�ا ا ب��ل ح ��ود ح�ك � �م � ل���ل��م ح�ة� � و و رو ب ة حة ��ه�� �مس س � � � ة ة � � ا ب ب � ��ل � �م ة ة � ة ب ب ب �ة � ��� ا �ل ������ ب� �ة��ل� �ة�له��ل�و� �ل� � �ع��د ه� ا ب��ل� د �م� ��و� مب�� ��و��س �م ��� �مو ة� ���ة�ر. � م م � ا �م� بس ا �ا ب ب� ب � ب ا ب ا ة ب ً � ب ب ةب � � � �� � � ���ا ا �ل��دةل بس ب��ة�� ب�حة�ل� ��وا ا ح � م� � � � � � � � � � ��م � م م � � � ك �و�ة�لو�م ا �ر � او �ب�ا � او � ��� ����� ب ر ر ة ةة �ل � رو � ة � ة ة � ة � � � �� �� ا ��� ب��� ب ���ا ب� ���� ا �ورا �ة� ا ��ل���ب��ة��ا �ب����ا ا �عب�� ا �ل��� س س ةس ك� � � �وا � ���ا �ب�ل او �ة�ل� ��ل ك � ط��� او ا �ل��د ر �و ب� ة�������ل� � � � و ب ب ل ة� � ل ة� � ة ب � � �لةهة���ل� ا ا ��ل�� بد ل ب ة� �������ل ب ة ح�ة ا �ة ب�ل� ب� �ب ا �� ة� �ع ا ��ا ب��ة��� ب �م ا ��� ا�م �م�� � � �� � � ح� � � �و�����م رح� رب� ا �ل��� ر ة� ة� رج رة وة و ة س ر ب ةس ة � � � ب ا ب � � ة ب ب � ب ب ���ا �ه ب��� ب ب ب ب ا ا � ب �ب ب ب � � �ك�� بد ل� �� ���ر�ل� ا ا �ل������ �م�� ����� �م �ورا � او بل � او ب��ل � ح ��ود �� �ب�� ���م �و��� � ����ةس ��لة� ح ��ود �م ر ةس س ���م ك� ةس و ةس � � � ب ب � او ب��ل �� �� او ك�� ��ل�� د �بر� ��� ��� �ع �ر�ا �ب�� �و������ ك� ���ل � او � � ���ا �� بس �م�ا �����ك ا ������لة� ب� ا�ام�ة��د ��س. ح�د م � م ة ب ب �ب م��ا ب ا �� ة �ب�ا ����� ب ة ب ح�� �ب��ل�م�ا ا ب��ة� ب ا � ب � � ا�� � ب �ة �� او �ب���� ا ��� � ك� م��ا � ����ا � ح� ���ل�و ���� ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا� ك� � ر ة� � ب ةس �ة �و م� � م ة � ب ب ب ��و ��ب� ا ��ل�و��م ���ط ����ل�� �م ب ب� �ب �ب �ة ا � ح ���� ب� ���لة�ب��س ���س��ل�و�� �م����ل ����لة� ب� ةب س ���� � �م� �و�م�و� �ع ة � � � ب � ب ب� ب ح��د ا �� ا �� �� ا ��لة ب �س ة ة ا ب ���� ب ���لة��� ا ب��ل ح ��ود. �م�ا ر�ة� �ب� ���ر��س ��ا �����د � او ا �و�ل � او � �ة� ل حة��ً�د ���ل� او ح� �و�� �ب�� ةس � � �ب ب ة � ا ب � �� ���ة� ��ا ب��� �و�م�د �و� ��� ا ������� ح�د �� � ط او ����ا ���د� ا � � ا � � � � ل � � � � ع ه � ل ح ���سب��� ا ������لة� ب� � � � � � ور و و و � ة ر ب ب ة ة� ة � ا ب �ب � ا ب ب� � � � �� اة �� � ا � � �ب ب ح ���س��� � � �لة ا � ةب ا � � � � � ا ا � � � � ك ح ر�ب� ��ط �م���ةس �و���� ���د� �ل� ر �ة� � ة� ��سب�� ورب��ط�و ���� ة�� �ل و ح�د �ة� ب وب �هة� ا � � � � ا � � ب ا ��لب ح ������ة��� ب � ةس. ��� م� م�د �ل� ب�ةس ب � � � � � ة ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة ��� ا�م ح�ب��د ا ب�ل � �ه� او �م بس ر��ا ��ط�� �و�ة��ب� � ح�� ��ل�� د �و�ر�� ���� را ��س ا�ام�ل�� ا �ل��� بس �ل�و� ���لة��� � ة ً ل ب ة ة� م �ب ا �� �� �ك����� ا �ل�هة��� ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة���ا �م ب ا �� �لة� ا ء � 1ا �ة�لة��د � � ا � � � ة � � س � � � �د� � � �م ل � �� � ط ط � مو �و�ه�و ��� ة ر بر �ور �وة�ل ة��ك و �ة� ح�د ب��ة � س ر � ب �� ة � � ب �� � � � � ب ب � ���ا �� بس ة� د ��ل��ك ا �ل�و�كة ة� �ب��د ا ا �� ك� ح �� ٢ا �ل ������ ب� ���� ا ����ل�و� ك ���ا �ام�ا �ل�و�� �ب����د ا � �مك��ل�� ا ����ل�� �� � � ة� � �� �� د � ب ح��د ا ب��ل �م ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل � ار �م�ة� ا�ا�م �ر� ��ط ��� ا ������لة� ب� ��� ����ا ���د� ا �ل� او � ����ل� او ة� ا ب� ح��د � ل و ر ة� ة� ب � حة ك�� حة � �� ب ���م � ب ع ���ط�ا �م�� ا �ً�ا ا �ً�ا ��ب� ة� ا ��س�م� ة � �م ��ا ة� ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل����ا ���ط� ر � � � � ك � � � ك�� � � � ةر ر ر ��ل� � � بر ة� � � ر ب ب و ة ة ع ��ً�ا ��� �� �� ب � ���ط�ا � � ب ا ��ل� ب �م ��� ��� ����ا ���د� ا �����ا �ب ا �� ب �م ��ا ة� �و��� ����ا ة�ة��� ك�� ���ل � او � � � ح��د ���ل�� �� � ل و � ة � � ر ر ة ة� ب � م ب بً ب ا ة �� ب ة ا ة ا ب �م �ة�� �ب ب ب � ط � س � � � ح��د� �ب �لة ��و��ل�� ��ل�� � � � � � � � ا ا ا � ا �م �ر�� � او � �� . ��و ة � ح�ة ر � � �م �بر� � ة� � م� بل�� ة�� ع� � �م بر� ���ة� � ر ب ج � ً � � ب �ب � ب ب ب ة ���د � ا �ل��ا � �م ب ا�ام��ل� � ح�� ة��م�و ة� �ب�ا �لب�ه ���ل .ا ب� ح�ة�را ���ل�و� �م بس ��� ا ������لة� ب� �و�و� �����و� �ة� ة� �م س ك ة أ أ �ش 1ال��ص� :ا �ل��ت��را ء ٢ .ال��ص� :ت� ح��س. ل ل
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Chapter Nine
fine suit he had worn to his wedding. I heard he was only twenty-two years old. This was what really stung the hearts of the assembled crowd, who wept and wailed as though each of them were losing a beloved only son. After the preliminaries were complete, the executioner pushed the young man off the ladder. They then brought his body down to the cart, which was driven away by the doctors. As for the executioner, he wasn’t able to come down the ladder until the soldiers surrounded it, out of fear that the mob would lynch him. Executioners are loathed by the French. Another day, when I was at Pont Saint-Michel, near our house, some 9.141 people walked by selling La Sentence papers again—that is, the broadsheet. Two people had been sentenced for highway robbery and for killing the victims they’d robbed. As the evening drew near, I went to the courthouse to watch the proceedings. I saw two carts by the waiting soldiers, as I recounted earlier. The two men were brought out under guard, their hands tied behind their backs. With them were two priests and an executioner. Each of the prisoners was put in a cart and joined by a priest holding a holy crucifix. They took them to a public square, and when we all arrived, I saw that a 9.142 platform had been set up. It was about waist high, and lying across it was a thick wooden cross, skewed like the cross of Saint Peter.30 The soldiers took firm hold of the first man, brought him up onto the platform, freed his hands, and stretched him out naked upon the cross. Each of his forearms was tied with stout bindings to a separate arm of the cross, as were each of his legs, leaving his head to hang free between the two planks. Once the man was tied down, the executioner read his sentence to the 9.143 assembled crowd: He was to have his four limbs broken. Then another man came forward with a long, stout metal truncheon. The priest led the crowd in prayer. When the three prayers were complete, the executioner turned to the robber bound upon the cross and struck one of his forearms with the truncheon three times. With each blow, I could hear the bones shatter. Then he moved to his second forearm and his legs, striking them each three times. The man was left without a single unbroken limb. The executioner then struck the man across the belly, telling him that this was an act of mercy by the king, so that he would die more quickly. They then untied him from the cross and placed him in a wagon wheel, stuffing his body through it as though it were so much ground-up flesh.31 They then lifted the
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Chapter Nine
wagon wheel up and hung it on a wooden axle by the platform. There the man was left, with his head dangling out of the wheel, whimpering. Next, they brought the second man forward to the platform. When he saw 9.144 the state his friend was in, he fell to his knees, begging the priest not to let them execute him in that grisly way, and to let him be strangled before his limbs were broken. The priest felt a pang of sympathy for him, so he turned to the soldier who had been appointed by the judge to carry out the sentence, and interceded on the man’s behalf. It was only after a considerable amount of persuasion on the part of the priest that the soldier granted his request and ordered the man to be strangled. They spread him out on the cross like his friend, strapping him down in the same way, and wrapped a rope around his neck. The end of the rope was then pulled through a hole in the platform and tightened by twisting it round and round. He was immediately strangled. The executioner then set about breaking his bones and putting him in a wagon wheel like his friend. They left the two of them there until the first one died, a sight that horrified and distressed all the onlookers. The crowd then dispersed, and everyone went on their way feeling utterly shattered and dejected by what they’d just witnessed. Another day, I saw some people running by, and I joined them. We arrived 9.145 at a crossroads, where I saw a woman with her forearms tied to the back of one of the carts used to collect garbage. She was naked to the waist. The cart had stopped at the crossroads and the executioner read out the record of her crime. She was guilty of leading young men astray by procuring for them women who were not registered as prostitutes. For this crime, she was sentenced to be paraded in disgrace through the streets of Paris. After reading the sentence, the executioner flogged her twelve times with a bull-pizzle whip, shredding her flesh. Then the cart lurched forward, pulling her as she stumbled barefoot behind it. The cart continued to drag her along, exhausted, until she nearly died. What a hideous spectacle and humiliating affront to all women! On another day, I went to the courthouse to observe the proceedings after 9.146 a sentence had been published. There, I saw an old woman in her seventies being escorted down the steps by the executioner and the priest. They all climbed into the cart, which was surrounded by soldiers sent by the authorities. The carriage set off, and soon came to the gallows, where the three of them ascended the ladder.
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� � ا��ا ح�ا د �م�� ��ب ���� ة� � ا � � ح�ب��د �ة �� ا ب��ل � ��ل�� د ا �ل��� بس ���ل �ب�ا ب� ����ل ا �م ار � ك� ���ا ب�� ة� ب� ح�د �م بس ا �ل� ك�� لبر ة� ب ة و ة ً رة ب � �ا � ب ح� ���ا ��ا� ب ح��د �مة ة ة �س��� ب �م ب��د � ب ةس ���د �ة��د� �وك� ���ا � ا �لر ب� ���ا �ول ب�ر�ة�� ة� ا �و�ل�د ��هم �وك���ا � ح��ل � او �م ار ��� ة� ب �و �ل ب ح��ل � � ب� � ب ا �ب ب ب � ا� ب ة � ب ب ��� ر�م�ا � ا ب� �لو د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� ح��ل ا �ل� ك ���ا لبر �����د �ل�� ا � او ��ة� �� ب� ���م لةر� او ����ل ا � او ��ة� ��ة��� �و�م� ا �م�� � � �ب � ةا � � ب � ب ب �� � ة �ب ب ب � ة ب � ب � ب ا ة ة ب � � �و�ل� ا �ل�د ة� ا �ع��ل������ �مس ب��ة����� �م���� ���� د �ل�ك ���د� ��س���ةس �وك�� � ا ب� �لو د �ل�ك ا �لر ب� ح��ل � �لو�ة� ة ة� م ب ا �ة ب� ة � ا ب ب � � ا � ا ب � ا ب ا �� � �� ب �ة �ة � ب ا �ب ح��د �م ب � ح��� ب��� �ع ب �م�� ا �� �ع ب��د� ب���ل�م�ا م � ا � م�د ل �� � � م � � � � �� ل ��� ب� � د �ل�ك �ل� � � � ل س ب ة ر ة� ر ة� ة ور �و � ا� ا �ب ب� � � د ��ب� ا�ا�م�ا ���د� ��� ب ا � او �ب� ا �� ب�ل� ب� � ح ب �م ب � ط�س ط�س � � �وب�� �ب���ر�ب�� �ل�ا�ب�� �� ��ة��� �س س ح�ل���� او ���ة� ا�م� �ة��د� ار ء �م�و ب �و ة ة ب ةس ة � � � ب � ب� � �ا ب ب � � ب ة �ا ب ب ح��ل ���ا � ح ب� ا�ا ك� �ك�� �ل ا ��� ب���ر� �ك����ا �ل د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� �ل�� ��ل� �م�� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل�� او ��ة� �ب����د �م م�� � �مس ة ب� � ط��س ب ب ا ا ا ب �� ة � � ا ب � ب � ط�س ا ��ب ة ح��د �م ب ا � ��س� �م بس ا ������را د �ل��ك ا ���حس �� ب� ع ��ة� �� ب ��ة� ك��� د ل�ر� �ل� �ب� � ة��ة ح� �ب�� �ب� � � او � س ب � ب ة ب ب �ل�� ب�� ا � ا �ب ��ب ��ه ��� ب��ا ����� � �م ب ب��م��لة ���د ا ا ��� ط�س � ��� ���د ا �� � � ح بس ��� ب��م��ل�� ا � او �ة� �� ب� � و ر � � ة س ب س و ة� ة� ب � رة س ة� م ع � ة ا ��� ط�س � ح بس �و ب��م��ل�� ة����ة�� ة�. با ة ب � � ب ة � � او ب� ���ح�ا �ل ة� �ع ب��� �و�ه�و �ب�ل�� ب� �ة�ا ب�ر ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س �� �� � �ح�ة��ا � د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� ح��ل �م�د� �ة م ة � ب ب � � ب � � ب � ��ا ب ب ط��س ب ح��د ������ ا ��� �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � �و����ا �ر ا ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س � او ب� حس � بو�ل����س ا � او �ة� ا �ل�د ة� ك�� � �ل او ة ب � ب� �ة � ب � ة � ب �ل ا �م ار ��ة��� �و�ل���د ك� ���ا � �ة �لو� ا ر�����ل د ��� د ��ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب�ر �و����ا ��ل�� �� ���د � او مس ب�ة���� �� �م� �و����ل ا ة� � ة ب م م ب � � ة ة � ا ب �ب ح�� ����اة�لب� �ب�ا ر����� � او � ��ة��� ��د �ل�� ا � ة��ا ب�ر�ع بس ر ب� حب� �م بس اةل بس ا ������را �ل��ل�ك ا �ل� � او �ة� ا � �ل� ب� ل ل �مر ���ع ��ل�� � ا � ب � � ب ح��ل ب�ع ��� ا ��ل بر��� . حة�ب�ً�د �مب���� � او ل� ا ا �ل����اة�لب� �ب�ا �و�م�ا �ل�� �ع بس ��ة�ر ر ب� ��ا �م� �ب�ا �ل��مر ا �ل��د �ة� ر ب ة ة � � م ع ة � ب ة �لب �ب � �ب � � ب �� ا ��ب �ة ا ا � � ب ا ���� ا ��ل ا ��� ا ب ب � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا � � �� � ه م � ا � � � � � � � � ح � د � � � � � � � � � ل � � ل � ط � � ل � � ة � � ل و ةو ب و �ة� و ب ر ة� ر �ل م س ب ة بع �ل و ة� ةس �وة� �مر�و� ا �م�ا �م��. حب� ب � �� � ة �ة ا ا ��ل � ب � � ب �� ا ب��م�ا �عة��� ا ��ل ا ح�� ا ��بل ��ا د �م�� �ر� ا �ة� ا � �و����ل� او ا �ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�� بر�و ب� �� �م� ة��س�����و ب �م� �و � ة �ب ب �� ب �� ��ا �� ���ا � او � �م �و���ا ا �م�ا � ا ��ل �ر���ا ���ل�م�ا را �و���ا �م�ا �ة�د ر�ة �ة��د �ل ��� ا � �� او ���ل ا �ل��د �ة� �مرد ل حب� ح��د �ب� ب� � ة� ر � م م ا ا ب � ا �� ة ب� ة � ة ب � ةا � ب ب ا ة � ا � � � ا � � ب ة �� ة �ب ��� � ل �و�ر�و�و��� �ب� � �هة� ل ��ة� ا ع��ل���� ���د � ا �ل�� او �ة� �� �مر� ��لة� ��� ا �ل��م ةرل��� �ب� �ل��س ��� �و س ��ل � ا ة � ب � ب �� ب � ���ل���ا ح��ا ب��ة���ا ��ل�ا� ة � ���ل ���د � ا � �لة����� ا ب��م�ا د ل� �س��ا د���ا �و��م�ا ا �ب����ا ا �مة�ب��� � �� ا ب��ل� د �م� � ار ك� ح� ة� � ة ر ب م ��ا ب�� ة � ا �ة�ب � ا � � �� ب ب ا ةة �ة �� � ا � � ب ة ��ب ة ة � ا �ب� �ل��س ��� �وك��� لر�ة� �ام� ك�� � و ��� ��� � �ل���ل��م �ة��� ا ����� �� ��و�����ل �ل�ل����� ب� ح�ة� �ة�����ل� او � ا ا ب ً � بة ا � ة � ���دا � ا�ا�مة��ا �م ب��� ب � �م�� ب �و��ة��ا د��ة� ب��مة�� ا ��بل ��ا �ةة���ة ا�بم �مر�ع� او �ل� ب� ل�� .ا � ةس1. ح�ة�را ��س �� ��و��� ب��� �ةو��ة�ب� ح�� � ر ةس م ب ع 1ال�أ�ص� :ا لمت�صت���ا �ص ف���� ف تس. ل
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Chapter Nine
The executioner read aloud the sentence, which began by recounting the 9.147 story of how this woman had worked for many years as a servant in the home of a particular noble. The husband and wife who employed the old woman loved her dearly, as she had served them and raised their children. Now, the father of that nobleman had once lost some silver vessels. They were never found, and neither was the thief who’d stolen them. Years passed, and the nobleman’s father died. Then one day, the nobleman happened to be visiting Toulouse when he was invited to the home of one of his dear friends. As they sat at the table to eat, he spotted one of his own plates among the others, which he recognized by its mark. “Who’d you buy that plate from?” the man asked his friend after the meal was over. “One of my friends,” he replied. “I’d asked him to have some plates made for me in Paris, and he sent this one, along with some others.” He gave the nobleman the name of his friend, a merchant in Paris. After 9.148 some time in Toulouse, the nobleman returned to Paris, bringing the plate with him, along with some other silver plates that had been taken from his house. When he got back to his mansion, he waited a few days before inviting the merchant over and asking him where he’d purchased the silver plates. The man mentioned a certain silversmith, whom the nobleman then summoned. The silversmith, in turn, told him he’d received the plates from yet another person, a man wearing foreign clothes. Armed with this information, the nobleman went and reported the incident to the governor, who dispatched two investigators to find and bring in the man who had sold the plates to begin with. The governor’s men set off, following the trail of clues, and eventually 9.149 arrived at that old servant woman. When it became apparent that she couldn’t name anyone else as the source of the plates, they arrested her and brought her before the governor. She was made to confess that she’d stolen the plates, and was sentenced by the courts to hang. Now, the executioner didn’t read out this whole story. He merely said that she’d betrayed her master. And given that she’d been entrusted with his confidence, she was condemned to hang. As the old woman stood upon the ladder, she begged the assembled crowd to pray and offer supplications on her behalf. In the end, she was made to hang like all the other criminals, as an example to every entrusted servant.
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ا ة ب ا ��� �ب �ة � � � ا ا � � ب بة ب ا ب �و �ة� ل�لك ا �ل��ة� � � ح�د � ��ة� �م�دة����� �ب��هرة���س �مر��س � �وب�ة�ة� �و�مس ب� ار � �م� � �� ��س ���ة�ر م ة ب ا ا� ب�� ا � ة �ة � �ة � � ل ب ا � � ة �ب ا � �ة ب ا� ب ا ب�ل���ة�ر ���د� � او�م���� ب� �ب����د ا ��مر س �م� ب�ة����س��ة��م ا برل��� �وع��مرةس ���� �� �ةو�م�و� � ر ب � ا ����ل � � ب ا ��لة�س �� � ب ة ب �ب � �ة حب� ��به ��ب��ا ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �م بس ���د ا ا �ل�� ب� �� ب� .حة��ً�د ب � �د������ ب� ة ة �وا ا �ة� ����هة����� �ب��هرة���س �و �هة� ا � �ل� ة �� � با ة � ّٰ �ة ا �� ل �ب � ب ب �ة ةب ة ب ب ا ب ا� ب �وا ب� �م �ر� ���ا �ل����ل ا لل� ل��� �� ع�� � او � �ل�� �� او �ب�ا � لةةر�� ح����د��� ��ة� ا�م�دة����� � �وة� ��ط�لب �� او ������ �ع � � ةرع � �م � ب �ب ة ا ا ب ���س � � � ب �ب ب ب ح����د ا �� �لة��د������ ب��ا ��ا � �م�ا �وا ب� �� ب� ب��ا �����ا ر� او ا ��ة� �م ��� ار � ���ة��������� �ب� � ة �م ا �ل�� ب� � ����� �ب�ا � لةةر�� ب و ة ج م ب ب � ب ة ا� ا ب ��ب ة ا ب ً � ب ب ��� �����ل �وا ب� ح�ة�ر� ا�مب�� ر ��� �وا �وب��ا �ة��ل�� ة�ل��� �� او ��ة� ���د � ا �ل��د � ح����د���ا �م بس ��ة��������� �� ر���ة� �ب�ا � ة ب�رب�� ة � � ب ا �� �ب �ب � �ب ا ا � � ب ا � � � �ة � م� ���لة��� ب��م��ل�� �م ��ط�ا رةل بس �ب��هر���س �ور�و���� ا �ل�دة �لور� �بس �ب�ا � ة���س�م ���ردة���� ل ل����� �م� ل ح�ة� ا � ل � ة ج �ة � �ب ب � � �د������. �����م �ة� �ر�وبج بح����د ا � �ل� ة ة ��ب �ة � ب � �ة � حة�ب�ً�د ا ب��سم�� ة� ب��مة�� ا ك� �� او ا �ة� �ع ب��د �م ��� ار � ��ة������ ���ا لبر �ب��هرة���س � او � �ل� ب� ���ا � �و�م ب� � ع � ب ة� � ا ب ���س � �� �� ب� ا �ب � ا ب ��� ب ا � ب �د������ � او ر�م� او ��لة��� �ب� ��� ة �م ا � �لة� � ����� �و ة��ل ة�� � ب� � ا ل ���ردة���� �ل ا �و��ة�ر� ة�ل����� او ��ة� ة ج م � � ب � � �� ب� �� � ��ب���ل� ���ا ��ا �ب ح����د ا �� �لة � �� �� او ب� � م��ا �ب�� � �د������ ا ��� � ك� ل � ا �ل�د � � ل � � طو� ح� � ح�ة ر� ا ع� � طو ��ط ا �ة�ا د �ة����م �و و ب � �م ةر ب ة ة � � ب �� ب ا ب � ب ة �ب طهر �م ب��� ب�ع ��و ��مو�� ���ل�� �� �ع� او مة��د مس ا لر� �و�ه�و �ة�ا ب� �لو ة� �م بس ا � �ل� ب� ��ا ��ة ب� ���� �و�م�و ب� � ح� �م �و �� � ع ب ب � �ة ح�ة ا �ب��� ب�������ل�ة�� ا �ة�م��� ا�ا��م ��ب ���� � � ����� �و��ة���ل�م����و� ��� د ��ل��ك ا �ة��ا ب� �لو ة� �ب���ة �����بهة��� � � � � � � � ة ��ة ر� ة� � م ة و ة س رة س �ة� ب ب �م ب �م ب� � �� ا �م�ا ب��ة���. س ر ���� ح�� ب �ب � ا ة � � ب ا� ب � ب ا ا� �� ب ��س � �ب � ا ب ة ب � �ل�م� �� ا �ل��مر��� ���د ا ا�م �� او �ل ر���� �م�� ار � �و �م �د������. � �����م �ة� لر�و�ل بح����د ا � �ل� ة ة� ة م ج ة � ب ب � ب � ب ب ب �� � � � ة ب � ب �ب ا ا ا ا ا ا ا � دة�� ب�� �ل ا �ل��د �� �ه� �� �� �� �� ��� م�م��ل����� � ����� ء � او �م �� � � ب� ا �� ا �ل �� � � �� � � ا �� رب ر حة��ً�د ا ر �ل لر ة و پپ ة ة رج ة رةج � ا ب � ا��� � ب ا� � د ل ب ��ب ب��م�� ب�� �ا �� ب �� ب ب��مة�� ا ��بل �وا ر��� � او ���������� � او �لر�هب�� � � او �ل� ك��ل�ة�ر�ة����ةس ا�م�و ب��و ة س ة� ة ع ��� ة���س �ب��هرة���س �ع ب � ا �� � ا ��ل ة � �� ا ب� ا �ة ا �بب �ة ��ب � ل ا ب �� � � � � � � ا ل ه � ا � ا � � م � �� � � � � � � ��سس � � � � ك د د � � � � � � � �� ل � � � ل م م � � � � وةج �ة� ة� � او �ل�د �ة ور س ب ة ة و ةر و � � م ة ر و ب ر ع � بً �� ب � � � ب ب ب �� ���ا �ب�ا ب� ��ة� د ��ل��ك ا �ة ��و� ا ���� او ب� ا �ل ��ة� �ع ب��د ��ه �و ��ة� ا �ة��د �ة���� ا �ل���سم�و �ةو�م ��� او ��ة� ا �ل ب �ر�ا � � او �مر ا �ة� � � ة م ةج م م ع � �ب ح��د �م ب ا ��ل�� ا � � � ة �ل�ا ا � ��سسب����ل ب�ل��ل �ة��ل�و� �ب����ا ر �عة��د ��� � . � ة و س م م � ب ب � �� ب ا � � ب ب �� ا ب ���س ا � � ة � � ب ا �بب �� ب ب � � � ا � � � � � � م � م �ه �� م � � ل � � � � �و ��ة� �ة �لو� ا�ا�مر�� ل � � � �� � � ��م � � � � م�� � � ل � ط م � ب �وم س � ور ب � و ر ر و بر ةس ب ر ة م م ج ج �ا �ب ح�ا �م��ل�� ب �� ا ���ة� ا ����د ��ل�ا ة� � ��ب ا ���د ���� ا ��ل ����سم� �مة��ة��د� � ا �ل� �م ���ط�ا ل ب ��� �ة�ا ب� �لو ة� ب� � ح����د � � ب و برع رة س ةس ة� � م و ة� ة ة � م وع ب � � � � ب � ب � � ة � � ة ة ا ��� ب ب ���� � �م ب ا �ل �ه��ا ب� � �م ب ب � � �د������ �و�مر� او ��ة� � � ا � �ل� ة �� او رع ا�م�دة����� �وك��� لر�ة� ك��ل ��موبج �مس ا ���� و س ر ب و س
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Chapter Nine
Around that same time, Paris was seized by an epidemic, leading to an 9.150 untold number of deaths. Anyone who caught this particular disease would succumb within twenty-four hours. The city’s inhabitants prayed to God to spare them from His wrath, and sought the intercession of Saint Geneviève, the city’s patron saint. It was then decided that the body of the saint should be carried through the city in a procession while the people prayed to her for mediation. Perhaps, if they did that, the heavy blows of God’s wrath would abate. The people went to consult the bishop of the Church of Saint Geneviève and ask his permission to let them hold the procession, but he refused to let the body of the saint leave the church for fear that this blessed treasure might be harmed. The other bishops of Paris urged him to reconsider, along with the abbots of the monasteries and even the cardinal himself, but he wouldn’t budge. So the nobles and judges of Paris gathered and together went to see the 9.151 bishop of the Church of Saint Geneviève, imploring him to grant their request. To allay his fears that the treasure might not be returned by the cardinal or anyone else, they drafted an edict promising to bring the saint’s body to its resting place, to which each affixed his signature. The body was kept in a silver coffin, set upon three marble pillars, which had produced many miracles in the past. It was customary for people to hang the shirt of a sick person on a reed and suspend it over the coffin, allowing the shirt to brush it. The saint would then relieve the invalid’s distress in proportion to the extent of his faith. As a result of these efforts, the bishop finally relented and let them bring the 9.152 body of the saint down from its resting place. Then the cardinal, who is a kind of second pope for the kingdom of France, ordered all the clergy to march in procession. This included pastors, priests, monks, and higher clerical authorities from all the churches and monasteries in each of the seven quarters of the city, a total of eight hundred churches and monasteries. The clergy were to don their finest vestments and carry candles as they marched. He also decreed that it was to be a general holiday and the masses would not be permitted to work. On the appointed day, the procession set off with its priests, monks, and 9.153 deacons all decked out in their most magnificent robes, and with candles ablaze. Four bishops carried the saint’s coffin on their shoulders. They passed through the streets of Paris as wave after wave of priests, monks, and deacons chanted angelic hymns with stirring voices and beautiful melodies. The procession lasted for two hours, and the number of participants was estimated at ten thousand. Meanwhile, the laypeople remained in their shops, offering
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� � ا ا ة �����س � ا ��ل ب ا ��ل ����سم�ا �م����� � �� ب �م�ا ���س��� ب �س�ة��ا � ���� ب��ا � ة � ةس ل � ��ا � �ب� ةرةل��ل� او ةل ارة��ة���ل �م�ل�� �ة��ة�� �ب� � ��و � بحة�� � � و ة ة وس م � � ب �ب ب ب � �� ة ا � ة ة ب � � ح� ا ��ة ح� ����ا �عة��� ب � �مر�ور ا�ام�د ل�� ه �ل�� ب��ة����د ر� او �ب�ا � ���دد ا�ام�د ل��ور ل بس � �� ��ور ل بس � �� ح� ع��مر� � � � � ةس � ة ة ة ة م �� ّٰ �ة ا �� ا ب � �ة م � ب ا �ة ا ��ا �ب �ب ب�ل� � ب��م�� ا ��ل�� ا � � ا �ة��ب��� ب �ب د ك��� �مر�ع� او ا �ة� ا لل� ل��� �ة� �ب� � ةلهب���ل ������ �� ���ا كة��ب���� ب��ة��ة�ب� � �ل � ر و ةع �و م و ةس ة� م � � ب ب ة ب بة � ب � ط� بد ��ل��ك ا�ا�مر ب��س �ب�ا �� ك� ����لة��� �� ب� �ع ا � �لة� ��� ��ا ����ب�س�ا ب� بر�� ب��ا د ��� ��ه � او � �ل� ��ل �د������ �ولةر��� ����ل �ع ب� � ة م م ع ع ّٰ �ا ة ب ح �� ا ��ل�ة � ب � �ب� ة � �كةة���د ا �� ب ���د ا ا ��ل ب ��ا � � �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل� �ة��� ��ب ��ا ه � � � � ���ا ا لل� ��س � � � ���د � ل � � �� �� � � رةج و �وك� � و ة ً ة ر ة� ب رة س و � ب ة ب ة� �ة� ا �� � � � � �ب ا �ة ا �� �ة�د� � � ب حب�ة ��هة ��ب���. ���م ب ����� �� ل� ة���� ب ل�� ة� � � ب ���ا ب�� ة ا �� �لة��د������ ب��ا د �م�� �ع ب��د � ب ب ��ا �و�و�ة��ب� ة� ��� ب� ة ح حب��ر���ا �و�ه�و ا � ك� � رب ح��ل �ع��ة� �م بس ا ك�� لبر ة� ��ا ب ة ة � ب ة ة ب ة ب ة � � ا ا ة � � ���ا ب�� ة� ��� ب������� ك�� ����� را �هب��� �� �ب��د� �وك�� ��� � ح ب� ا � �ل � �ب��هر��� �وك� �� ار � �و������ح�د � ��ل�� ة ة ةس � ة� �م � ب ب ب � ب ة ب ب ة ة � ة � ة ���ل� � ا ����� ���ل�م�ا ا ��س��� �ل ���ل���ا ا ����د ا د���ا ��ا ����ا �م بس ���ل�و�����ا �و�������ل �ة��د���ا �و�م بس ��� ب � � ة� بة ة ب � ��ح�د ة��ا ة� �� ا �� ب�ل �ة � اب ��ا ب ب ح��� ة��ا ���� ا �� �لة���ل� ��� ا �� ب�ل �ة ب � ب � �لور ا ��� ة� ��ر �ل���� ك�� � ب�ة ل �� ار �و��ة�ره�م �مس ب ة� �ة� �ع � ة ا� � �� ��ة � �� � ب� �ة ���� � �لة� ب � �لة � �ب ح�� ب ب�ا �ة ة ا � ةا � � � ا�م ه � ل � � � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا ل � � � � ل � � ا � � � � � � � � د ��دد ل � � � � � ح ل � � � ل � �ل ب ة ر وح ل �� ة �وم ة� بر ة� ب ط�� ر ة� ة ة� ب ك ح�� ب ةس � ة ب � ب �� ا ��بل � ا ب ة ا ب ب ة ب � او ب� ا � � ���ا ���د ا ا �ل ������ �ة�����ل�م�و� ��دا �م �ب� � لةر�ب ��و��� � او � ب�ر�ة� �م � رب ح�ك �مس ب��ة����ة� �و�ر س ة ة بةة ب ا ب � ب � � ا � ة �ة�ة �ة� �� ���� ���� ب� �ة ا �ب ب ب ة ح ��بهة�ً�ا �م ب � � ��� � �حجر��� ����ل � ك م��س��ة��� �و م� �� د � ل��د ر ل��ط�ة� �ة� لل��ر ة ح�ة� �ة����حس��هم �م � س � � ��ا ب ة ة�� �ة ب � �م ب ب� � ب ا�ا� � �� ا �� ا � ة ب � ح�� ب � ةس �م�ا ةل ار �بر���ح�� ح��� ا �ة� � ا ���ح�د ا د���ا �و� ل ���بس ك�� ��� ب��هة� ب�رو س حب� ر م��ط� ���� و ح ب� ة � �ةل�� ������� ��ل��ل�م���ح�ا ��� �� ب ةس. و ة � ب � ة �ب � ب � ة ة ب ب � ب ب ة ة ة ا � ب ب��ا � �ل �� �ة �لو� ب�ل���د �ر�و ب� ا ����د ا د��� �م ا �ب�ة��� ��ل�م� �ل��ل�ك ك���م ا �ل �ب��ر �و�و� ���م �ة� ��ه � س ر � م ج � � ا ب ة ب � ب حة �ة ب ب ب ة ة ب ب � ة ة ا ا ا ب � � م ل�� �و�ر ب� � � � � � � ا � � � � ا ح�� مس �ب� ب� ح� مس ب�ة��� �ة� �لور�ع���م ���ة� ل�� ار � ل��� �ة� ���ل �ر�و ب � د �ةل� � ب � � ب � ب ب �ب ب ح�ا ر ب� ح��ل � ار ���ا ب� ا�ام�� بر�ل � او ����د ا د���ا د ا ب� ل��ا �م�ل�� � �ك����ا �����ا �م�ا �ه�و ا �ل��د �ة� ��ة� د �ةل��ل�ك ح�� د �ةل�� � ب ةً ب � ة ب ب ة ح ب�� ب� ا �ب� ���ط�ة���ا �ب ب ا ��ل �وا ب� �و� ل ��ا ر�ل�� ���� ة� �ر��ا �م بس �ع ب� ��ب��� �و�م�ا ��� د ة� �ل��ر�� ةلرد ���لة��� ب�� � ���س بر���� ا � و ��ا ب ة ا � ة ا � ةا � ة � ب ا� � د ا ���دًا ب��� ة� ا ب�عة���ا � ة��ا ��ل �����ا �و�� �ل� �ل�� ���د ا �ورد �وك�� ��� ا �ة� �م ��س�� � او �ل�ورد �م� �ل�� �و ب��و ب ب � � و � بة ا ل ب ب ا ا �� �ب �ب ������ � �و�ل�ا ��ب� ا � او �ب�� � ب��ه � �����ب� ة� د �ةل�� �� � ل��ا �ب ار ا ء د ا ب� ح��ل�� �ورد � ك م� ر� ةو ��� ���د �لورد ح ب� � او �ة��� ة� � ب ة س ة � �ة � ا �ة ا � � ب �� �ب ا � �ة ب ة �ة�ة � �� ا ب � � ب � � ط ا ب ���ا ب� ��ب د �ل��ل��ا ا � س ب � ك م � � � ا �ة�� � � � � � ا ���د ة �� م���ةس �ل�ك ���د ا ا ل�ورد � �ل� ر�م� �ول�ر�ل� ة� � �ب� � ك ة� ة � �� و ل ��� � ة ج ة � ب ة ك����مر ب� حب�� بر � او ��ة� ���ل ة� ا �ب�� �ورد ب�لب���ة�ر �و�ع�ة� � او �ب���ب��ا �.
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Chapter Nine
supplications to God Most High to accept the intercession of the saint and to make His anger subside. And this our Lord did, bringing an end to the epidemic. I was in Paris at the time, and I witnessed the procession and the ensuing miracle that God worked through the intercession of the saint. I also learned something about Saint Geneviève’s story. She had once 9.154 worked for a rich nobleman of Paris, in whose home she lived as piously as a nun. She displayed a great love for the poor, offering them charity from her own wages and handiwork, as well as the food discarded by the household. But her master, who was a hard-hearted, uncharitable man, learned of her good works, and threatened her. “The day I catch you giving anything to the poor will be the day I beat you and toss you out of my house,” he snarled. “Be certain of that.” He ordered the other servants to remain vigilant and keep an eye on Geneviève. If they caught her doing it again, they were to inform him so he could punish her. Poor Geneviève was deeply saddened, and had to cease her charitable work, fearing her master’s wrath. She did, however, sometimes save a scrap of bread from the food she received for herself, hiding it until she had a chance to give it to the destitute. One day, after her master had left the house, she collected some scraps of 9.155 bread, bundled them in the gathered folds of her robe, and left the house to distribute these among the poor. As she walked out the door, her master happened to be returning home. He saw that she was carrying something in her robe. “What do you have there?” Trembling in fright, she was at a loss for words. But then our merciful Lord caused her to speak, casting words into her mouth! “Roses,” she replied. As it was winter at the time and there were no roses available, her master was astonished. “Show me these roses!” She unwrapped the folds of her robes and uncovered the contents to reveal some double-flowered roses, long out of season. Her master was amazed. “Tell me the truth,” he said. “Wherever did you find these roses?” Geneviève felt compelled to speak the truth, confessing that her robes had previously been full of scraps of bread. “I spoke the word ‘roses’ without being aware of what I was saying,” she explained.
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ب � ب��ةس ة ة � ب ا ��ل�ه ا� ب � � ح���� ��مب� ا� � ب ب ح�� � ا � ا� � ب ة � � ا �ل�ه ح� �� حة��ً�د ب� � حة�ب��� ا� م��� ��و�ل�� �ل�ا ب� ل�� � او �ل��م ا�م��� ار � ب����لك ب�ة ب ح��س ا�م��� ار � �عس ����ل � � ب ة � �ب ا � �ة � ة ا � ب ب�ع ح��ل���ا ب�ة��� حة�ب�ً�د د ��ل��ك ا �لب�سب��� �ب�ا ���مر ��ة� �ل�ع�م�ة�ر دلةر را �هب��ا ة� �ود ب� ���. حة�ب��� ار ��� حهة��� � �و�ب�� � ة �ب ا ة ة ا �ة � ب ب ب ب � ��ا ب�� ا ��ل��د ل �� �ب�ة������� � او �و�ة��ب� ������ ا �و�ة�ا �ب� �ة�لة�ة�� ب� ��� � � � �س��� �م� ب ح ��هة ����� ��ة� ا �ل��دلةر �و�ع�مر ب ب� ب� ةر ة� م م م ��� ا� ا ة ب ة ب � ب ح��ًا ا ب�ة�سب ا ة ا ة ة ا ��� ��ل � حب ��و���ا رة������ ���ل � او �ة ر ح��� بس �عب�� د ����� �و��د ا ������� ب�����ة�ر� �م�ل� �ة��� �و�م� � �لو�ك� �� � ة� طهر م ة � �ا ������ � � ب� ا ح����د���ا �ع ا ح�� ا ب� ب� �م ب ب� ���ا ب� �ة ب�ل�����ل ب�ع ح����د���ا ك� ��ا ��ة ب� �� ��ة ب� � ة ر و ب حب��ر��� �م��س� ���ة���ل �و�ل� ب� ل س � � ب ب ب � ة ب ة ب ب ا ة ب � ب � � ة ة � ���� � ����� � ��م �� ��ل� ��� �ع� ا �م��د �ل�� ا � ب �ا ا � ا ب � �و ب� و ة ب ح��ل ا��مر���ة� ا �ل�دةلس ك�� � �ل او �ة� � �ل او �����و� �ة� �� ب� �لو� �مس �� ور و و ب ب ا �ب � �ة ب ب ���� � �م ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�ا ب� �� �لةه�� ���ا ب � بو �مس ��ة�ر �ب�ل� د ح�ة� لةر�ور� او بح����د��� �وة������� او �مس ا �م ار � � م و س �ب ة ب� حب ��بهة ��ب��� ����هة����� �ب��هر� . �� ةس
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Chapter Nine
It was then that her master realized a miracle had just occurred for the sake 9.156 of his servant. He informed the bishop, who after some investigation was able to confirm that the miracle was indeed genuine. The wealthy nobleman then had a convent built, to which he sent his servant Geneviève. Alongside the convent he built a church, which he endowed with a trust. Geneviève lived in the convent and was eventually elected Mother Superior on account of her piety and the saintliness of her angelic conduct. After she died, her body would work several miracles, whose stories are too long to recount here. It was because of these miracles that her body was placed in a silver coffin and set upon three columns, with the aim of allowing invalids from different countries to visit the saint and to be healed of their maladies. Ever since, she has been known as Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris.32
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� �ب ��ح��ل ا �ل��ح�ا ����ر1 ا � �ل�� ب �و��ة�
ب �حج ��� ب ث��� ١٧٠8 ا � او � ر
ب � � ���ا �ب�ل ب ا ��ل�ا� �� � � � ��ا �م�� � � ��د ا ا�ا�م�ة��د ا � ��ب� ا ��ة ��و� ا ��بل ح�ة� ا �ب�� ع��مر�م بس ����هر ك� و� ول ح�د � لبرد ����د �ة��د �ب�� س ة ر ة م � ا ��� �� �� ب � ب � ة � ��ا ب ا ا ا ب ب ب � � � � � ل �ة����� ا �ل� بس �� ر �و ب� ح�ل�د ���هر ا �ل���ة���� ا �ل�د ة� �ه�و ب� ح� ر ة� �مس �و��م ��ط �م�دة����� �ب��هرة���س � او ب��لة��د ك�� � ب س ة � � ب ب � ة م ة ب � ة � � ب � ة ب ة � � � �س�ة�� �ا ا � ا ا ا ا ا ا � ��� � ح� ا �ل�� ا �� �� � ك�� ��� �م���� ��مو��� ك�� ����� �م� ��س��� ���� ا ر��س ب� �ر� �ة� ب������ � او � � ب س�م�ك ���ب��ر ة� ر ب ة� ة ة� م ب ���ل��د ب��م�����ة � � ���� لبرد � او ب��ل �سس� ��� اوة� ع��مر �ة �لو� �و ��ة� ����ل �م�د� �م�ا �ة�ل او �ب�ا ��س �م بس ����ل لبرد �م بس � ة ب ل م بع � ج ب ة � �� ا ب ب � ب � � ب ب ب �ة � ب � ب � ة � ة � ب ا ا ب � � � � � � � � ح�ل ب� �م� ���ةس ا �ل�� ا �ل�دةلس ا ���د � ����� �� �مور �� ا ���ة������� �ب��هر���س ا �ل�د ة� ك��ل ���ة �ب �ل��د �م�دة����� � ة ة � م ج � � � � ب � ب ب ا ب ة ب ة ب � �م�� � ا � �ل�اد���ا �� � ا ������ �م�ة��� ب ب � � � �م�ا ���د ا ا �و�ل�د ا �لر�� ر � او � �ل � �� ار � او �ل�� ةر��ب��� ح�ة� ا �����م را � او ا لر و و ة� ر � م ة ةس � ا ��ل � � ا � ا �ة � �مة�� ا �ب �ة � ب � �م ة � ب � ا ب � ا � ا �ه� �ب ا � �� ا ������ ا �ة � ا� ب� � ح��س ل��را �ه� � بو�� ��و ة� ��� � �ل� بح��ل ر و ر بح��ل و مر � �� ل��ةس و ة���ةس �ل� � م� و م �ة� �ل ب م ة �� ���� ة ا ���� بد � � ا � �م ب ا � ا ب� ا ب� � ��ه ��� ��ه ب��م�����ة ��� ة ا ة ح��س ل��ر�ة�. ����� � �وك���ل ب ة� ل ة� ه�و ��ة� س �ل� ر ر ب � رة س ة� ب بً ��بل � � �� � ا ب � ب اة ب � ب � ب �ب � ب �ب ا ح��د � او ا �و�ل�د ��ل� � ���ا �و ب� ��س� �ل� ب� ح��ةس ب��ة�� � �ل او �مس ا ��� � او �ة�� ح��ل ا��د �م�� م�طج�م�ورةلس �ة� ا �لر�بل��ل �ة� ة � ع � � � ب ة ب ب ب ا ب ���ا � �م�ل��س �� ����ة��� � �م�ا ا �� ب ح�ة�ر �م� �وة�ا ء �وك� ا �ل�ا� او ب� ���ا ب�� ة� ا�ام�دة�� ب��� ��ا ب� ���م ك� ب �ة� ة� ب ة و ��ة��� �مس ا �ل�� او د �م �ل�� ك���ل �م � ة � ��ب ة �م�ل�ة�س �ب ا ب � � ا ا ب ا �ة ا �� ة ب ة ح�ا ة��� � او � ب�ل � ��� �و م� �� ر� �لو ب� ��ة��� �و �و ب� �ة��ة�ر ك��� ب �� �ة� �و� ح�ا �� � او ��س�س�مر�� ة� �ة�ل��ا ر�� ا �و ب� ة �ب ة � � � ا ب ب��م�����ة � � ���� �ة��ا ��ل ا �� ب��ا ا � ة �� ب ع��م �ة �ل � ��م ���� � ا ��ل��ة ب �م� ا ا ����� ���� ��ا �ب�� ر حب ��و��س �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل� �و� ب ر وم �ة� و ر و � ب � �م � � ب ةًا � � � � � ا� ب � � ب ة � ����� �م ب ا �� ب��ا �� �ا�م�ا با �ة�ب� ����� او �م ب��ا ���ل �ب�ا ر ���� ا�ام�د ا ب� حة ��ه�� �ة��ل� ة ب��ل�د ا��مرك ���ا ا�ام�و ب� � س ��وع �ه�� ك �و� ة ر س �ة � �ج �ب ح��ل �� � � �� �� ا�ا� ة � ب ب ��ا ب� �مب ���ا �ب�ل ا ة�� �� ��ل� ة� � � � � ا � � � �� � � �� م ل � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � ���ل�د ا �ب ��و�ل ا �ل رج � م وة ب س ة� ة � م وة ب ب � م و و وب ة� ك� و ب و و ب ب ا ���� بد ل ب � ب � ب ا ب ���م � ا ا ��بل ب ح��ل ا ��ل� ��و ة� ا ��ل�� بدةل ب �� ب �م ب � ��ا ��س �ب برر � او �وك� ���ا �ب�ل او �ة ك ل ة س �مو� � �ب��ر �� رو س س س ��و��ةس د � بة � � �ة ة ا�� � ا� ا ا ب ة � ب اة ب ��ا �� �لة��د ا دة�� �و�����ل�و� ب��م�ا ��� بس ���م � او �ل� ��ب�س� ر ح بس ح�ة� �ة�ل��د ر � او �ة� ك���ل�و� �و�م� د ا ا ��مو�ل �عس ب����� ��ة�� � م ةب ب ف أ ت ف 1ل �ترد ر� ����ه�� ا ا �ل��ف�����ص�ل �ت� ال��ص�ل. م م
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Chapter Ten
The Last Days of 1708
On the fifteenth of December, Paris experienced a bout of cold weather so
10.1
extreme that the trees froze stiff. So did the Seine—the river that flows through the city. The sheet of ice covering the river was as thick as a handspan and carriages could drive across it as if they were upon dry, rocky ground. The icy weather lasted fifteen days, killing people across the seven quarters of Paris, each as large as the city of Aleppo. In all, eighty thousand people perished, not counting the young children, the poor, and the foreign inhabitants of the city, and the church bells tolled for them all.33 Women were found huddled in bed with their children, and husbands embracing their wives, frozen to death because their homes were on the higher stories. The buildings of Paris have five stories: The higher up one lives, the cheaper the rent. The children of peasants who had come from their villages to the city looking for work were found dead on the roads, covered in manure. Paris was a ghost town. Everyone stayed home, confined to a single room, sitting by the fire, as I myself did. I spent fifteen days shut up in my room, warming myself by the fire. The priests of the city were forced to set up braziers on the altars of their churches to prevent the sacramental wine from freezing. Many people even died while relieving themselves, because the urine froze in their urethras as it left their bodies, and killed them. Indoors, it was so cold that copper casks cracked, and people had to break their bread with adzes and moisten the pieces with hot water in order to eat them.
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10.2
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
���س ا ب ة ب � �ة � ب ًا ب �ب ة � � � ا ب ����ل � � ا �� ب ً � ة �� ���ا ل��ر�و�م��� � او ب�� ر رة�� ��و����� ة�ب������ ا ة�� �ة�ب������� �ب�ا � ك� ة�� و ة � ��� �ور ر�ع���م �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل�را ���ة� م م ة ب � ��� � ب ا �� ب� ب � �ة � �ب ب ا ا ا � � �م ع � ا ا ب ل � � � ���د � ل �ة�� ر���� ة ����. �� ب� �� �ة�ب����س ب�ل���د �م� �ب��د ر� او �م �ر��ةس � �و�ل � و م م حة ع��م �ل � � �م ب ح ة� �م ب ��مب ب ��� �ل���د ا ��بل ��م�����ة � � ح�� �لة � �م ب ���� ة� � � او �� ب�ل��ة��ة�ر ب�ر ب� � ا � � � و و ة ح� �هة� ب ة و ة� � س س ر م ة ب ب ��ا ب � ب ��ل�� �ة ا �� ا ب� � ����ل ة� ا �� �م�ب� ب �� ب��ا ة������� ة �مر� ك� ���ا �ة� � ��ب�� �� �و� ة� ر و �ر�و ب��ة� �مس د ك�� � ا �ل � ة� ة ب ب بم ���ل � ا � �ة ب ة � ا �ا� ة � �ا� ا ا ب��ة� ة ا �� ��مب �و����ة� ���ط ������ �� � � ب ��ل حب� ����هة� �ورا �و ��ة� ��ة� ��� �ة� �� او رب�ة� �مس ا ب ة��د و ةل��� ب� م�و� وم� � ة ر �ةل��ل� ا ��ل�ا ���� �ب�م ب ا � ا ب� � � ا �����ل �ب��ل� �ا ا �ة �����ل �بمب ا ��ل�ا �� ا �م ا ��ب ���دا � ��ا ب� �ل�� � ��ب �م ب ����� �ا � ل ك �ل � ���و و حب� رو � ��مة� م �ة� � ��مة� ��ة� � ل ر م ب ة رو ة� س ة ب ة� � � ب ب ة ب ا �ب ا ة ة �ة ب � � �� � �� � �ل � ا � ب�ل �� ة��ا �� �ل� � ���� ا ���د �� ��������� � .ب �ك�� �م�ة�. حة��ً�د ا �مر�ه�م �ب�ا �����م ة����� �� او �م �م� ��د ر� او ة����ل�وة� و ب و ة� و ة ةب ب��� � ا � � ب � �ة ة � ا �� ب �� �� �� � ا ة ب � ب ا ة ب � ب ا ��ا ب ب ا � ب ��د م� عر�و �ة� �وبل�ة�� ب� لر��ط �مك� ب ح� ب������ة� ا م�ة� �� �و��د � او ا ��� ر �وك�� � ���ه�� �و�� ء د ��س � ب ة ب �ب � ب � ب � ب � بة ة ب ب ب ب ب ب � ة با ب ا �ل����مرا �ل��د �ة� ا �����رة���� � �مس �م�دة����� � �لو���س ا �ل��رب� ��د�ه ��و��ة� �مس د �ل��ك ا �ل��د ��س �مس �ر��ة� ا ��ة� ح����د � .ا ب� �ًا ا ��م ا �م���ل ب ة � ة �ب � � ب ا �ة ���ا ب �� �� ب ح���� ب��ة� ب� ��د م�ة� �و� �بر �لو�ة� ا ��ة� ا ��� رح�ة� د ا ب� د �ل�ك ا �ل�د ��س ����ة� ب� ة� ح�ة ر �و ���ا �ب � ب ا ة � �� ب�ل �� �ب ����ا � ��م��ل� �ب ا ��� ب��� ب �م ب ا ��لب����ل�م�ا ب� � � ب� ب ب � ب � ب ا �� �� �م� �ب �ل��د ر وو ��� ��و�ة� ��ة� ا � �ل� ار ��س � او �� ك� ة� و وة� ب � و و ة� ةس س ب م � ب ب � �ب � ب ة � ب � � ة � ا ح�� �و�بع ���ط�و�� ب�����ل� � ا ر�ل� �ل �� ا � � � �ع ب � ح� �و���مر�و �ة� � �وب�ل�ة�� ك�� �ة� �م�و� � ��وع �ة� ة رك ة��د ة� س ر ب �ة� بع ب�� ب ��ل �م�� � �م ب �����د ة� ا ��ل � ار ر�. �وا �ة� ا � م س � � � ا � �لة �� �ب ��ب ا �� ب�ل� ا ��� ا �ل����ة � � � ع��مرل بس ����ا ��� � بو�ل���د �ةل��ل�ك ا�ام�د� ب���ة� ة� ��� � ح�ا �ة� �و� �مر ة� و ب وة� ة� ر س بر و ة� ة ً � � � � ة ب ب � ب ب ��� ا �ل���ا ���� � �ل���� ة �� ة� �م ب ا � �ل� ا ��س � او �ب�ا �ب�� ط�س ا �رك �ة��د ا �ة� �ور ب� ح�ل�� �ة� ب�لب���ة�ر ا ا� .ا � �� ح�ة�را ���� ب� س ر ة وب م ب � ب ا �� ة �� � � � ب ا � � �ل � ا � � ب � ا ب ا ب �م ة� ا ة�� � م����ا ��ب� � ط�س � ا� حس ب�ة��� � بول��د ة �لو م�ةس �مر ��� ��م� �ل�� ح�د ا �ل���ل�م� � �ب� � �ة��د �ور ��ة� ��ة�� ب�ة� �و� ر ة ة � ��ب �� � ����ا �عة��� ب ب� �� �و�م�ا ���د �عب�� ا �ة��ب� ا ���دًا � ح�ة ����ا ��ل �ع ��ة� ��ل � ��ور ا�ام�دة�� ب��� ��� � �� ���د ح� � ة� ر ب ة � � ةس ر ة � ة ة ة ع ة ب ة بم ة �ب ب ة ة ا ا ا ب � � � ��� �ل��� �كة�� �ة� �� �ة�� �م� �ة��ل�و�. ا ��د ا م�ة� �و�م � ب ب � ب� ��د ا ا�ا� �ة � �ل���د �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا��ا � � �لة���ل��� � 1م ب ا ��ل ب �م�ا ب� ���ا ��ب ا�ا�م�د �� ب��� �م ا م��د ا ر بو �� ��� �و��ل� �ع ���ة�� �ب�� ر ة� ة ب ة م ب ةل س ر م � � � ب � ة � � ة �� ا ب ب ا � ب ب ة ا ا ا ا ا ا ب ب � �ود� ��� ا �ل� ��و� � �و� �م ا �ل ح�ة� ا �� ���ر� او �م�د لبر لس ا�م�دة����� �ب� � �ة ك� ا ا � � ا � �� �م� �ب� � ب ر ة � ب� ��و �ل�ل�� ر �م�و ب � ة بة ة �ب ا ب ��� �ب ب�ل �كة ة ب� ب � ا ب ة � ا �ل�� ��� �� ���ل �عة���ل�� �م�د � �وب�� ا �ب �لب��ا ر���ا �ع ب��د ا ��ل مو ة� �وك�� ط او � ك��ل �ر �و ة�� حب��ر �ل� ��ة�ر ��مو ة� �ل� ة�� � ة � حب�� ر ب ة � � ة ا� ب �� ا � � ب ب � ة ب � ب ا � � � ا �و ب� ا � � � ح�� �م ب �ب��� ا �ل �� �� �و ��ة� �ة��د� د ���ر ا �ل�هة��ل� � ا�م�د � �و�� ا س�م� ه� �و�ل� ب� ح��ل ح� �ل��س �ة� ك��ل �ر� ر ب� ل س ل م م � ب ب ا �� ب � � ا ب ب ة بة ح��د ر �ود �ةل�ة��ة��� �و�ل�ا د ر��ه � او � ح�د �ة� � ��ب� ��ط �م�ا �ة�لة��د ر ا � ���د ا �� ح��د �ب����د �م�د� ا �ة�ا �م د ���� ة� م � � � � � اب �ا �ة ح�� ب ��س� ا �� �م�دة�� ب���ة ��ه ��� � ح�ة ة������س ا � �لب��ل�� � ةس ا ����ل ا � �ل�ر� � او ��ب� ���د � او �و�ل� �ة �لو�مة�� او �م بس ا ب�ل� �و �ل�� � � ة ر ب � ة س ة ة ع ع أ 1ال��ص�ل :ف���ت�هت���ل.
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Chapter Ten
As for the orchards and trees, what can I say? They withered away completely. The same went for the vineyards and olive groves, as well as the crops, which froze after having yielded two or three harvests for the year. This bout of God’s wrath struck the entire region of France. After the fifteen days of cold had passed, I left my room and went to get a
10.3
shave. The freezing walk home from the barbershop left me stiff as a statue. It was so cold that the hairs of my mustache began to fall out, and I was certain I was going to die. When I finally arrived at my room and they saw me in my condition, they ran to tell my master. He came to see me and immediately ordered the servants to strip off my clothes. They were unable to pull off my outer robes because my forearms were frozen stiff, so he told them to slit the sleeves open. Once my clothes were off and I was naked as the day I was born, they lit the
10.4
fire. We had purchased a flask of eagle fat in the city of Tunis during our travels, and they slathered me with it from top to bottom, moving me close to the fire so the fat would melt all over my body. Then they warmed up a white sheet and wrapped me in it. Two young men picked me up and carried me to my bed. I lay there like a statue, unable to move arm or leg. They covered me with three or four blankets and wrapped me up tightly. I was so hot that it felt as if I were lying in the innermost depths of a bathhouse. They kept me in bed for twenty-four hours. I then returned to my normal
10.5
self, able to move my arms and legs without pain. I rose from my bed, once again in very good health, put on my clothes, and walked around the house. Two days later, my master commanded one of the servant boys to take me out for a two-hour run through the streets of Paris, and not to let me stop until I was dripping with sweat. That did me good, and I was right as rain again. A short while later, Paris was struck by a famine, which led to a great rise in the cost of food. The city’s administrators were compelled to take a count of the number of people in each home, and, by order of the governor, to issue each person a small ration of bread to keep them from starving. The bakers all had lists of the members of each family, and someone representing the city authorities sat at every bakery, armed with a register of all the families and everyone’s name. The result of this system was that no one could obtain an ounce more food than that allotted to them. After a few days, peasants began
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10.6
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� � � � � ا ب � ا ا � ������س � ا ب ا �� ب ح�� ب ��ب ا ��ل�ا ب ة��ا �م�ا ��ة��� ب �ة��ة�ر را ��ة ة� �ب�ا ��س � ����ة�ر �م �� � � �و �ل� � م� � � � ل � ح�د ة ةس �م بس ا ب�ل� ���د �ه�م �ل�� ر و ة � ةس ر ة � ع � � � ب �ة � �� ا � ة حب�� بر �م�ا ة��م�� ح��ل ���د ا ك���ل �و � ح��د �ل�� �و�كة� ة� ب� �ب��� �ب�ا �ب�� ة�ل�� ��ط�� �م بس �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�و�ة��� ����ة� �ل��ل����س�ا د �و�ل�ا ب� ة ا ��ل������ �م�ا ة� �مب �����ة�ر �م ب ا ب��ل ��� � �و . �� � س ب ب م ب ب ا� ��ا ا� ب ا� � ا بع ا� ب � ب ة � � ا �ل�� ا ������م� ا �م ب �� ب��ا ا � ا � � � � ل ل ل � ا ا � � ا ا ا ا ���ل�م� ر �و ك� بر �م�دة���� � او�م�ط� ر� �و�م�د برة س ���د � م��ة��ب�� � ل و س بر �رو ب ل ا� ب ة ا ب ا� ب ح ب�� ب� ��� �ع���د� ��ا �ب��� � ����ب����ل� ا ���� �ب�ل��� ب ب ��ل ح��ةس �مس د را �ه�م ا �و�� �� ا�م�دة����� �ةو��ب�� ��مر� او ��ة� ا � و ة� ب ة ب � م ة و ل ا ���ا ب� �ه ب��ا ك �ةل��ل�� �ب ا �م� ا ��ا ب� �� ة ا � ب ب ا بر ة� �ب��هر��� �وك� �ع�م�ا ر�ة ب��ة ��و ة� ل ا �� �� او ل ار �ب���� ا ��ة� ��ة�ر ��ج� �وة����� �و� او ر وب ةب س ة � ��ا ب ا � ��ة � ب ب � � ��� ب � � �� ب ب ب ب ا �ل�ار ب��س � بو�ل���د� �ة�ب�� ب�� او ا �لب�ة ��و ة� �وك�� � ب� � مس ��ة ر �ب�ل� د ل ح� ����� � ���بس ��� �لة� ة� ا �لس�م بس �كب� �� او �ر� �م اج � �� �ب � � م��ا ب � ة ب ب ب � �� ��� ب � ا ب� ب � ة � ب � � �� � � � � ع ا � ا ا ا � ك ل م � د � � � � � � ل ح� د � � ح � ط � � � ��ة� د �ل��ك ا�ا ك� � � حب��ر ����ل�ك ا �ل�� او م وة و ل و ح�ة� ة�ب رو � م ة� ر ب �ل ة ب �ب � ا � �ب ب ة ة � �� ا ةل ا � ب�ع ��ب� ب� ب �ة ة ب ب �� و ر ب ر ة � او �م ار ��� � او �و�ل�د� ا �ل�دةلس ب��ة����د ر� او ة��� ب حب��ر �وكة����ةس � او ب�ر� ب�ر��ة�س ا ع��ة� ��� �ا ب �عة�ا �م ب��� ب��ة��ع�م� ��ا �ل� �� ����د ��ا ة ب�ا � ة �ة�ا �م ا � � ة ��سسب����ل� ا � ا �����ة ا � ة ا� ب ب م� � ��م� وو ر ح� ا ����ل ا�م�دة����� �م � �ل ب برع ��ول ة � � �س�� �و ة � � � ة � ��� �ع ب �ه ا � �ل�� ب � � � ة ب ب ب ح�� ب ب � ا� ب ا ا �ة� � ةس �م�ا ب� ح�ا �ه� ا � �ل�رب� �و �� ر ��د � � � �مس �ب�ل� د ا �ل��مر�� �و�مس �ب�ل� د ا�م��� ر�ب�� �و�مس ��ة�ر ج م م ج � ب � �ب�ل�� د �ل�ا� ا �لب����� ب� ح�ل�� ب�. � با � � ة � �ة ا� ا � ةة � � � ة ة ا ا ا ب ب � � � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا � � � � ع ا � � � م ل � � �س��ة�� ر ��ة� و���ل� برل�� كل�ة ر � س ��د �س��د � �� � ��� �و�م� رح� ة� مر ة ة � پ پ �و � �م � �با ة � � ب ة�حج� � ا ب �ب بة �س���لة��ا ���ا ر �ب�م�ا ��� ا �� ��� �م ب ��ه � �ا ب ا �ا� ا د � ب��� ��ة ر �م�ل� ��� � � �ل� � �ة� �م�دة����� �مر� ة ر س ب � رة��س �ل � �ل و م ا� ���ا ب�� ة� �ة��د �� ��ج ا ��ل� �� ة� � ��ب �� ��ا ب� ��ب ��ا �� �ود �ع ب��د �ه� �م ب ا �� �لة ��و ة� �ب�ا ��ل��ة بر� ا ��ل � ك� ا ا � � � م �� ��� � � � � ب ة � م �ة� بة و ةو ب و و م م ب م س ب � ب � � ب� � �� � ة �� ��ا �� ��ب� ك�� ح ب��ود �م ب �ةب��� ا ��ل ح�ا ر� �م ���سب ��ة��� �و �و�ة ب�� �� او ب� ���ل � ح�ة� �ة�� ���د � او ا �ل����� ب� عس ا �ل�د � �و�ل ل س ة م � ة ا� � � ب � � حة � �ة � ة � ب � ب � ة � � � ا � � � � � � �لب�ة ��و� ا �ل���ة�ر � بو�ل���د� �و���ل� ا��م ار ك� ب� ا �ل�د ة� ك�� � �ل او ا ر����ل�وه�م ا �ة� �ب�ل� د ا �ل��مر�� �ة� ة����� ر � او ��� ا �� �لة�� ة ب ة ب � ة � � ���س� ��� ب �ةحج� �م ب ا ��ا ب���ا ة � ا ���� �� د ب� � � � ا ة � ���� ���� ر � � � � �و �ل�ر�� ��ة� ك����ل ا ���لة�� � س �ل � � و ب ل � �و ��ل� ��م� �ة�� �مرك� ب� و ة ة بم ج ج � � � � ب � � � �ب ���ا ر ر ��ط�� ا �بل �ب �ب����ا �و���ا ر ا �بل �ب�� بر ���� �م�و ب� ��� ح ب� �ور ب� �ب�ل�� د �ب�ا ل ب � �ب�� بر ة�� ب��و ب� ح��د � ل ل بر���ط�� ا ع��ة� ر س ة� � � � � � � ب ا � ب ة ب ة ة � ب � � ا ا ا � � ���ر ������ ا ��م� � ح� ��ط��ل� ������ ا �ل �س��� � ا �ل �� ك���ل ����� �ل�����ل�� ��د���د �ور ب� ب�����ل� � ا ر�ب� � او � � ة ع م ب ب �ل � ب ة� ع ب بل ب ب ة ة ع ب ���د ا ا ��ل�� بد � ا ��ة��� �م ب ب ح� �� �� ا �لب���ل�� ا �ل��د �� ���ا �� � �����ا � ب � �س��� .١٧٠٩ �و وس ة ة� رة س ر ة� ر ة ب � �ب �ةل�� � ا ا� ا � ��ب� �ة �ب �بل��� ا ��� ة ب � �ب ب ة � � ���ا ب� ل ب � �ب�ا ط�ب�سر� �مس ا �ل��س����� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ب��ل� د �وك� ةرور �و �ة� لك �ل�ة� م � 1ر ��ة� �و ة ��ا ب ة � � ا � � � ب ���� ا � �ة ا ة � ب حة �ا � � ب � ح��ل ا ��ة� ر وك ���ا � �م�وك����ل ���� � بار ب�� ة� ك��� ب� ا �ل��ر��ة��� �وك�� � �ة�ل� ار م�ةل�� ���ة ر و � � ر ب � �ب� �ل�� بر�ة� ب ة ج ة � ب ة ��ة � ���ا ب� ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل ب ب ة � �ا � �ب ب ا ب �ل � ���ةس ة�������ل ���� ب� �ع بر�ة� ا �ة� �ةو�������ل ك�� ب� �ع بر�ة� ا �ة� ا � �ل� �ر���� �و�ة� �و�مس ا ب �م��ل�� ك� ة� أ 1ال��ص�ل :ال�ت�ا.
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Chapter Ten
leaving their towns and villages, and streamed into Paris to beg for food so they wouldn’t die of hunger. I saw many of them lying in the street, starving to death, for no one could afford to share their own meager ration with them. Many people died of hunger. Confronted with this catastrophe, the city’s nobles, together with its bish-
10.7
ops and officials, puzzled over what to do. Thanks to God’s mercy, an inspired solution presented itself: They would put the peasants to work building houses outside Paris, paying them with funds from the city’s charitable endowments. There was a hill on the outskirts of Paris that they planned to clear away. Once that was complete, they would level the earth and build upon it. In the meantime, wheat had begun to arrive from other countries, but the price remained high. They built a bakery in the area to make bread for the workers, giving every man and his wife and children—those of them able to work, that is—a loaf of bread weighing two ūqiyyahs, along with a wage of two jarqs, which is to say eight ʿuthmānīs, or four soldi. The peasants began to work there, relieving the burden on the city. This was the state of affairs until the crisis finally ended, with shipments of wheat arriving from the lands of the East, the Maghreb, and other places. Demand attracts supply, after all. Later, when I went to Marseille, I witnessed the arrival of four galleys sent
10.8
by His Holiness the pope. They were accompanied by barges loaded with wheat, as Marseille had experienced a famine even more severe than the one in Paris. It was so extreme that people were breaking into homes and stealing all the food they could find. The governor was forced to erect a gallows in every neighborhood, and station soldiers to put an end to breaking and entering. Finally, the ships that had been sent to the East to purchase wheat from the Province of the Islands and various lands arrived in Marseille. There were about three hundred ships and boats in all. Wheat was suddenly plentiful in all the regions of France. Bread became available again, but a raṭl of bread now cost a zolota, which is to say three quarters of its previous price. That was how it remained until prices rose again and everything returned to normal. This is what I witnessed with regard to the rise of prices in France in the year 1709. During that time, I became discouraged and discontent with life in those parts. An old man, who was assigned to oversee the Arabic Library and could read Arabic well and translate texts into French, would visit us often. At the time, he was translating into French, among other works, the Arabic book
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107
10.9
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
�ا ة � ب � � � � �ب ب � ��سس� � ب �ب ّ � ا ��ا ب � ة ح� �ل�� ب ا �� ب�ل� �ب����ا � �� � �ه� ���ة� ح��ل ك� ح�� �ة�� ا �ل�� �ة��ل�� �و�ة��ل�� ���د ا ا � ��ا ب� � ك� � � ل � � � � � � � � ل � � ب ب � � ة ر ر وة و و ب ل ةس س ة ة � ب ب � � ة �� ة ب ب ب � ب � � � ب ���ا ب� � �ل���م�� � ك ة �ة� ب� ا ا ا ���ا ب� ��ا ����س ك���ا � �ة���ل�� ��ا � ك ح��ة�� �ل� ���م�� ا �ة�ا ��ه �وك���ا � ا � ��� ���� ا � � ��� �ة� �م� ك� ة � � م م م �� ب �ا ا � ب �ا ا ب ا ب � ب ة � ��ب� ة� �ل�� �ب ب� ة ة� ��ا ��� �م ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل � ح ك� � ك� �� �ة� �� ��ب����م ��ط �م��ة� ��مو�ة� ���ة�ر �و�و���د ��ة� ح�� �ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ك� ب ر � ���م �سم�م ��� ب س � ب � حة � �ة ب ا �م ب ك�� ة ب� ���ل ���لب���. �ب�ا � ك���ا � ��ة� �م����ا �ل�� ��ة� ةل�� ��ة���� س ��ا � � � ة ل � ا �ب� � � ب � ��� ب ب� �� � �م ب بد ا ة� ا ��ل�ا��ا � � ا �ب�ا ح�ا ��ل�� ب �ةس ��ا ك�� ��� �ح��� برة��د ����ل ����ك � � ح�ة ر ل ���بس ا � ةم و ب ة وم س س ة� � �ل� � ب ب � ة ة ب ب �ب ة ب ���ب ب ب ة ح� ب ا � ���� ة� ا ��ل��م ������لة���ل�� �م�ا �ه�و ا �ل ��ة�ر ا �ل��د �ة� �ب��ر�ة��د ��� ��س���� ����هة� ������ة� ����� ر ��د �ة� لبر � �وة�ك ا ة ر ر ا ���� بد � ل ��د ا � ب ��ل�� � �مب��� �م ب �ع ب��د �� � ���ا ��ب � �ل � ا � ا ��س���� ������ك ب�����د �م�ا ا ب��ة� ب ا ب ل ة� برة� ب ة و ة� ة وم ب ح� �و�ه�و ���� �مس ك�� م ة� س �ة � ب ب ب ة ب ب �ل� � �� ������ا د �ة��ك � .ب � � ة � � ب ا � �لة��� ا � ���م ��� ا �ل��بة��سم�� ا � � ط�� � ����ل ا �مر ب��ة���و ة� حة��ً�د �ل��ل�� ا بحة�ب����ة� �م� �ه�و ة �ة� ب ر ة ج � � � � ب ب � ب � � � � ا ا ا ا ب ب ا �بل � ب�ا � ح��ل ا �م�ة�ر �و�ه�و �مس ا ك�� لبر ا �ل��د �و�ل�� �ب� � ك�� � ��ط��ل ب� �م��� ر ب� ح�ابل ب��� � او �و�م� �ة� �عس ر ب� ح��ل ة ��ة ر � ب ة �ب � � �ل ا � ا ب ب� � ب ا � ح�� �م��� ��س��ا � ة � � � ح�ة ل �����ل�� ��ل��ل ا ح�� ب� �لو�ل �ل�وك���ا ��س 1ا �ل��د �ة� �ه�و ��� ��م� �و �ل�� � ة� ةر ح ���ر ��ة� �ب� �ة� ��س�� � �ل ة ة ب بة � ا ب �ة � � ب � � ا ب � ب ة ���س ح ة� �و��ة��� �ب� ا�ا�م���ط��ل�و ب� �ب�ا �م ��� ��ا ��� ا � �مرك ا ��ة� �ع ب��د� حب� �ب� � ا �مو�ل �ل�� �ع��ك �ل���ك ا ��� � ب ر رة ب ة ب حة بل � ��� ب � � �ة �ب � ةر ك � �ول��ل�ة� ��� ������ك �و�ب����ا ر ب��د �ة� ب����ة�� ب��ا ك ��� ب��ل�� ب� � ك� حة ل م��ا � ��� ر�و له��د� ب �م�ل� ة �ة� ا ة س ة ج ��ب ا � � � ا � � ة � ب � � �ا ���س �ب� �ل�ك �� �ب� �ل�ك �ل�� ��ط�� � �و� ل ���د ك �ع بس ا �لر� او �. حب��ر �ام����ل�م��ك �ل��ب�� ب��ة�� ج م ة � ب � ب ب �ب ب ب ةب ة ��ة�� ة� ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ��ا ة������ه ب��ا ���� ���د ا ا �ل ار �ة� �و�م���ة� �م بس �ع ب��د �ة� � �و��ا �ة� �ة �لو� �م ب� م��ا � ة م ةة ب ب ب � ا � �ة ب � � ا � ا� � ا�ا� ب �� ب ح ة ������ � ة �ور ��د ب� ح�ة� �و����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� � � ار ��ة��� ��ة� ا ����� ب��د ا ر�ة� �ر�� �مرة� د �ل�ك �ل� م�ة ر م�د ل� ح�ل� ة � ب ��بل � ا � � ب� � � ح��ل ة� � او �مة�����ل ة� ا �م�ا �م�� ب��ا �����ةر� �و�ل ب��د ب� ح ب� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د� � بو�ل���د � ب��ة����� ا �مر�و �ة� ا��دا �م �ب� �ل�د � �ب �ب ّ ���ل�� ة �� � �ل���د� ���ا �����ا ��ل ب�� �ع ب ا ����ل�� د ا ��ل ��ة د �ب�ا ���ا � � او �ب�ا ��سب�� � او �م �ب� ��ا ب��ل ة� ر بو ���ل�و��س ب ر ة ة� س ب ة� رة ب �ة � ة � � � � ب ا ة ة ب ة � ة ب ح��ا ا�ام��ل� ك ا � �ل��د � � �م�ا ح��د��ا ���ا � ��ه ���ل� �� ��د � � ا � ب ا � او �ل����سة��ا ا �ل ��� �و ب� مو و ة� و س م و ���� �م ��د �م �وك�� ب� ا � ب ر و ة � ب �� ب � ا� ا � ب ب ة ة ��� ���� ا ���س��ا ا ا ا ة � � � � � � ا � � � � ة� ���سب��� د �ل�ك �مس ا �ل���سة�� ا � �ل��دة�م�� ل ��� ب� ح�لب � ��� �����ل��مة� � بحب���� له�م �ة� � ة �س��د ة� ك�ل ل ة ة ��ب ة � ة ا � �ب ب ا � ا ب ة ة ب � � ة ا ا با � � ب � ل��. ��� �ل� ��ة� �ل���ل�م� �مس �����ل��مة� ����ر��� ����ل ا ��سة�� ك��� � ا �� ك��� ا �����ر�ة���� � بول��ر� �ة� ة � � � � �م �ة ا ��ل�ا�م�ة�ر ر�و� � حة�ب��د ة���� � � �مر� حب� حب� ح�ا �ل��ك � او ��ط��ل� �م بس �ع ب��د ������ل�م��ك �و�ل���ا �ل �ل�ه ب��د �ة� ر ً ة� ج ع � با ح���ك � �و�ا ب� � � � �ب ا ب � ب ا�ا � � �ب ب �� � �ب ا ب � � �ل � �ة ا � ب� � � � ��ل � او �� ب�ل�و ب� � ب ح�د �ل�ك ر�م� � مس م�لك ��ط�ة ر ر�م� � ��� �م�ك ل�و��� ة� ة��ك �ل�ل� ب��ة� ا� � ب �ب � � � �ة �� �� � ��ل ب ��ً�ا � �م��م�ا �ا ة ة ا ��م�� ا �� �لةه ب��ا ����ك � ك� � ل � � ا ا ل ل � � � � د د � ��م � �م م � � � � ل � ب م�� ��ة�� ب� � �لو��� �ة� ا �ة�� و � و ر بو ة ر و و ة س ة� ب ب ةع أ كا ��س. 1ال��ص�ل� :فو�ل��لو �
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Chapter Ten
The Story of the Thousand and One Nights.34 He would ask me to help him with things he didn’t understand, and I’d explain them to him. The book was missing some “Nights,” so I told him a few stories I knew and he used them to round out his work.35 He was very appreciative, and promised that if I ever needed anything, he would do his utmost to grant it. One day, while I was sitting chatting with the old man, he said, “I’d like 10.10 to do something special for you, a favor of sorts. But only if you can keep it a secret.” “What?” I asked. “You’ll find out tomorrow,” he said. After we’d finished chatting, he left. He returned the next day. “Good news!” he said. “If my plan succeeds, you’ll be very happy.” “Tell me,” I said, “what is this favor you have in mind?” And he began to tell me about a certain nobleman who was an important figure in the government.36 “He asked me if I knew of someone who could be sent on a voyage like the one undertaken by Paul Lucas,” the old man explained, referring to my master. “It occurred to me to tell him about you, since you’ve traveled before and you know what’s involved. So he ordered me to bring you to him so that you two could speak. I’ll wait for you in such and such a place tomorrow and we can go see him together. But take care not to tell your master or he won’t let you go.” We agreed and he left. The next day, I went to the meeting place and found 10.11 him waiting for me. I accompanied him to the nobleman’s palace. He went in, and after a little while the servants invited me to enter. I presented myself before the nobleman. He welcomed me courteously and invited me to sit down. Then he began to ask me about the lands we’d toured and the things we’d found: the old coins and carved idols, the books of history about ancient kings, and other such antiquities my master had brought with him. “Yes, my lord,” I replied, “I did buy all these things, and I know a great deal about them. I learned about them all from my master.” “Then go, see to your affairs, and leave your master,” the nobleman told 10.12 me. “Afterward, come back to me and I’ll send you on a mission. I’ll arrange for a royal decree just like your master’s mandate, and commission you to all the ambassadors and consuls in the Orient. I will also give you letters of
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
�ب ة � �� �� ���ط��ل� ة� �م ب ا �� �لةه ب��ا ط ك �و�م���م�ا ا ������ةر��ة��� �ة�ل د ��� �ع ب��د �ه� � ل � ح�ة� ةلر�����ل�و� � � � د �م � � � � ك ور � ة و و ب س ر ة ة م ة � ب � � � � ب � �ل� ة �م ب ب��� �م���ا � �ل ��ب � ة ب ا رة� ك �س���لة�� ا �ة� ب��ة��� ا �لب���د ر �و�ة��ل�و� �ل��ك ���ل�و��� ك���ل �ة �لو�م ا ��س��و� س ة ر ا �ة� �مر� ة � �ة با ب � ب ب� ب �ل� ب� �����ا ا � � با � ا ب�� ة� ب� ة � ب و ر ���� ا ��ة� �ع��د �ة� �ب� �ل����ل� �م�� ا �� ب�ل����ة� �م�� ر�ل��ك �وبلة��سم��ك ��ة� �و ���ة ����� �ة��و � � � ب� � � � ب � ة ب ب ب ب ة ب � � ا ا ا ب ة ب ة ب � � � � ���� �مس ا � ك� �و�ل �ع ���ة�� ��ل�م� ا �� � �م�د � ���ل� �م �������� ا �م���ة� � او ������ل �م� ��ل��� �ل�ك �و�� �ود �ل�ه��د ة� � ة ة م ب ب � � ب � ب ط�س ب ة �� ��ب� ا �ع�م�� �ل�ا � �م ب ��� �ب� ا � �ل ا � � ب ا ��بر ب� ح ة� �م بس ا �م�ا �م�� � او �ب�ا ��ة� � � ار � �م بس �ل��ل�ك ح�ة�ر� �ة ح�د ا �� � ب ل ة� س ر و ب ا �ة � ب �� �ب � � ا ب ب ا �ب ب � ب � � ا �ة ط� ا �� �لة� ب ��� ا ��ل�ة ا ��ل�ا�ه� ا �� ا ��ل�ة � ة � � � � � � � ا ا � � م � � � � � � � � � � � م � � � � �� � � � � � � ل � � � و ر � � ة ة ة� ر ة س ر ة و ل �ة� ب ر ة� ج ب ب ب ةل �ةر�ب�� ة� �ب ��ة�ة� ة� ��ة� � ح�ة�ر� �ب�ة� بس ب� ح�ا �ة�ل� �ورا ب��ة�. ب ب � � ���ا ب� � �� ح��مب��� �ب�ا ��ل����ا ب� �لة ��� ر ب��س �م�ه�و��ل �مر�ع ب� ��ب� ا ��لب���ا �ة��ة �و�ه�و ا � ك� �وك� ��� ة� �ة �لو� �م بس ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � � ة ة م م � � ب ��ا ب ة ا � ب �حج��م ا ر�مب�� ���د ��� �ة �ل �� ��ب� ا ب�ل �ة����ا د �بك ة� ا �ب�ا �ور ب� �ع �و��ر ب��ة� �و���د ا ا �لر ب� �� ح��ل ك�� � ة������ ��ط�� ��ة� ح��ل ب� ة� ة� ة و � � ا �� ا�مسة�م ب��� �م���� ا�ا�م�ا �� � ��ا �ة�م ة� � ب �م د �� � 1ل� ��ل� � �م�ا � ���س��� بد ��ل��ك �م ب �م�دة�� ب���ة ���هر��� ب���� ��ل و و ور و س ة و ب ةس ة ر وو ة ب ل س ع ا ب��و ر � ا ا��مسة ب �ب � ا � ب ب � � ب ة ب ب � ا ��ل ب ب ة ا ا � ب � � � ّ ّ � � � �� �� � � � � � � � � ��� ر �م��� �ل�م� را �� ل� ��� ب�ل�ل���� � ا �ل� ر �� �مس ��ة ر ا ��� ةل��ر�� �ل�م� ل� ��� رد��ة� ��لة��� ب ة ة م � � ة ا �� ب م بة � � ب ا ب ا � ة � ب � ب ا � بة ب �ة � � ا ب � ا �ل����ل�� ����� ر ة����� ل ��� �مس ا ة� �ب�ل� د ا �� �� بحب���� ا �ة� �مس �ب�ل� د ����ور�ة� مس �م�دة���� � ح�ل ب� ة م ب��ل ا ��س � ا �ب �م ب � �� ب �ة � � ب ا ّ ا ��ل ��� ا �ة � �ب ّ �ة ������ � ����ا ��ل ب�� �ع ب � � � ح م�د ل د � � � ح �� �� � � م � � � � م � �م� � ة� س ة ب� ر ��ة� ل م و ر ب� �ة� �و ة� ة ر و ة� س ع � � ا ب �ب � ب �� ب �ب ����ب ب��م�ا ��� ة � ا ����� � ��ل����ل�� �������� ب �ب د�� ة � � � ا � � � � ا �� � � � � � � ل � � � � � ل �� ب� �و��ل� � � � � و و � � ة ة و ة ة� و ب م ة ب ةس ر م � ة ا �� ب� �ة � ب ��ا ب � ا �ب � � ا � � � ب �� � ا ب� �ًا �ب ا بل�سة � م��� � �م � � د . � � � �ا ة � � �� ح�ة� �و���ل� ل ���ة�ر ا ��ة� م � و��ة ر ك � م��� ر و م ة��سب� ل�ك ح�ة ر � ر �ة� �ة ب ب ب ب � � ب � بة ح�� �و����ا �ل ب��� ��ة� ا �ة� �� ب � �م�� بر�و� ب��ا �ب�مود �عة��� �و�����د ة� ��ة� ا �ل��د ر ب� �ك ب�س�سب��� ��ة� ���ا ��ة� د ر ب� ��ة��� ا بل ة�� ة ج ة م ب � ��ب ب ة ب ة� ب ب ����ا ���� ةس ���لة���ل�� ��ة� ا ����ا ب��ة��� ���ر�����ة� �و�م����. ة � ة ا �� ��� �ل �ع ب ��� � ا ���� ب � ���د ب�ة � � ا �ب � ا �ة � ب ّ ب � ح��� �ب�ا � ك ح��ة�� ة� �� ��مة� س �ل ر بح��ل ل د ة� � �� و � ���� ر ح ب� ��ة� � او ر � او �ة� �م ب � ب ��� � ا ب ��ا ل ب���ة � � �ة � �ة � �� ح��ل�م��س��م ��� �ب��هر��� �و���ةبه ��و��ل �ع ب��د ب��مة�� ا ا � و ةس ���د ا � �مو ة� ��ة ر � بو�م� ا � ����ل ر ب� ة� ة ع �ل� ك� بر ���ة� � ب با � � ب ب ب ة ا ب ب � ب � ة � ب ب ب � � ا ا ا ا ة � � ع���� ا ��� لةر�ور�� � او � ك�� � ل ار � �مر� ا �ر ة� ك���ل���� �ب� ��� ة ب��� �ل�ه��د �� �ل� � ل � برة��د �����ل��مة� �لة����س �م� د �ة ة ة � � � ب ة � ة � ب ا ا �ب ب ح�ة ا �م��س ب � ب �ب � ا ا �ل ب � ح� �� ��س ا ب�ل �� ح��� ����ل ا �ب�� ب��ة���ر�� ا ��ل� �ك��س ا �� � �وة� � �ة� � و �وا ��را ع��ة� �ة� ب�� ر� س� ةم���� ة� � � ب ب � ا ���ا �ة��� � ا ���م�ا �ب��� ��ب ب��� ���ة �م�ا ���ا ب� ����ل��� ��ب� �ل��� ا ب��ل ح��د ا�ام��ر�ب�� �ل�ا ب� ������ل��م ك� ة��� � �� �� �وا ��ر �و��و � م و � م ة� ة ة � م ة م م �ب � ب � �ا ��سةم� ������ � �ب ���د ا ا ��ل������ ا د ا �ب�� ة ب� �ة��ل�و� �و�ل�ا ب� حة�ب��ر� ����ل ���� �ب�ا �ل�� ا � �ل�. ة ح�� ر و ل ب ب م ة ع أ 1ال��ص�ل :فر�ص��.
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Chapter Ten
recommendation so that whatever you request from the consuls during your tour will be granted, and whatever you purchase will be conveyed to them for dispatch to the chamber of commerce in Marseille. You will have a daily salary in ecus, and all your expenses paid. And when you return to me safely, I will elevate your standing and establish you in a position with a substantial income.” When we were finished talking, he said, “Go now, do as I ask, and come right back.” I left in a state of confusion. What was I to do? On the one hand, I was fed up with all of the nerve-racking frights I’d encountered on this journey. On the other hand, I was worried that this new opportunity wouldn’t end in success. So I remained hesitant, somewhere between fear and hope. I’d been in this sort of frightful situation before. One day, I bumped into 10.13 an Armenian from Persia named Yūsuf the Jeweler, who worked in Paris as a merchant of valuable jewels such as diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and other expensive stones. Without even knowing who I was, he greeted me in Turkish. I returned the greeting, and he asked me which country I was from. “Syria,” I said. “From the city of Aleppo.” At this, he greeted me again very warmly and asked me about some of his acquaintances and how they were doing, and whether or not they were still alive. I answered all his questions, telling him that so-and-so was alive and that so-and-so had died, while so-and-so had traveled abroad, and that sort of thing. After a while, we set off on a stroll and eventually arrived at our house. I bid him farewell and started up the stairs, but he followed me, asking, “On which floor do you live?” “The third,” I told him, and he went on his way. I told my master about this man I’d bumped into, and how he’d greeted me 10.14 warmly and showed great affection and friendship. I also told him that Yūsuf was well known in Paris and that he was in the good graces of the city nobles. “So why didn’t you invite him in?” my master asked. “If you see him again, you must insist that he come to our house. I’d like to discuss jewels and precious stones with him so I can determine whether he knows all there is to know about them.” My master was a foremost expert on the science of precious jewels, including their unique properties and values. That was why he wanted to meet Yūsuf and test his knowledge.
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
ة ا ب � ب ب � ة � �ا ب ة � ط��س ة ب ��ب ب ب�ب����د �م�د� ا �ة� � ��� م ���ل � � �و� �����ا ر ا �� ���ر�� ا �ب��ا ب� �وك�� ة� ا ��ا �و���ع�م���� �ل� ��ة�ر �ب��ا �ل م ة ة ا � با � ا �� � ب �م ب�� �� ب ب ب ة � ً�� �ب�ة�س ة �� ا �ب ا �� ا ة ة ة � � ا � ا ا � � �ه�و� ب� ل�و ب� ��� �� بح�ل وح� ب�� ب� ر��ة� ��� ح� ل����ةس ��م�ط��ة� � ح� �� ب�ل���د �م� ��م بر���� ل � � � � ب ب ة ب � ب � ة ب ب � � � ا �ل �و��ر ب��� ا�ام�د ل���ور ��ا �����ر� � حب� ة� �ة��� �وك����ل�هة��� �ب�ا �ب�� �ة��د � �ه�و� ح��ل �وة���مرب� ا � �ل � �و�ه�و ة �لو���� ب � ة ب ة � ب� ا � ب ا ب� ��ل� ب �� � � ا ب �� �� ب� � � ب �مر�ور��� ل � �ع ب��د �ب�ا ب�ا � ح�ابل ب��� ��ة� ����ل �و�ك ة� �م�ا بةلس�م���� �ة� د برة��د ح��ل ه��د �م �ل� � �ة� ����ل� � ة ة �ب ة ة �� �� � �ع ب��د � ����ل�� ��ا �ب �م�ا �ل�� �ب ا �ب���م�� �ة� ب� ة �م ب���ك �ب�ا ب� ��مب���� ����ه � �وة��ةر ب��م��� ب�ل�� ب�� ك�� ل ر بح��ل �م �ل ة� ب ر� � ��ة����ة� ة ة� � س م � ب � ةب � ا ب �� ب ب ا �م�� ب ا � ة � ا � ة � ا ب ��م� � ا � � ا ب � ا � � � � � ا � � � ل � � � ا � � � ا ا � � � � � � � � بل�ل���س ب� ��لة�� ة� و���د لر ب� �����ل م� ة بح ب� �ل� � م� ة� �ر� بل�ل���� � ل� �ر���� و ة� ة � ح��ل ج � ب � ب ب ���د ا �� ���ط��ل� �م ب �ب� ب� � � � ح�ة� ةلر ب�� ب��ة��ب��� � �و��� ب���� . حة�ب�ً�د �ة��لة���ل�� ��� �ب�ا �ة���لة��ا ��ة� �و�ل�ا ب� �م�ا ب��ة�� � ح��ل ب ب س ���لك ة م ة ب ة م بً حة ا ة ب ب �س��ا ر� �م بس ������ل��م� .ا � ا ��ب��ر � ب��ة����� ��� � ح�ة�را لبر�و� ������ك. ة ج ة ��� ب �ب � ة � � �ب ب � � � ا ب ب ب �ب ��ل ا � ب ب ة � ب � � � � � � � � � � ل ا ا ا ع ��د � � � � ح� � ك � ك � � � �د د � ل � � � � � م � � � � � ل � ��مة� و ة � �ة� ل�ك �ل ر ���س �ة� ل و �ة� ح��ل� ا �ة� � � ب� � � � ا �� ب � �ب ب ���ل��ب ب� ا ��� �ب ا �ة ا ب ب ب � ح�� �و ��ب� ا ��ل ��ا ��ل �ة��ب��ا ��ل�� ا �ل�د � �و�ل ا �ة� �ع ب��د� �م بس ��ة�رة� ك� ة � ح� �ر�م� �د ر �ب� � ة � �ل�� �د � ل ة ب ةبا ة ��ا ب بة �ة�ب ب ا � � ��� � � ب �� ا � �ة � ب� � � � �ل � ��ور �و�����ة��� � � � �ه�و� �و�و�ه�� �ة� � او بحب�� �مك� ة بح ب� مس بل��د �م� ك� � ا ���� رح ب� ة�� ��� ��مة� ة ��� ب ح��ًا ا � ة �ة ���� ��ب �م�ا ب ح�� ا ب��ل � �وا ��ر� �� � ����ا ���. ح� �� �س���ا �م� او ة��ة����ا �مر� او ��� ب�ل�� ب� � م ة� ة ��مو�ة� ���ة�ر .ا �ة ر س ع م� ب ح�ة ا ةل ب��م��ل�� ��ب �ة� ب����� �ب ح��ًرا ا ��سسة�م ب ������ل�م ��ا ب� لةر�����لب�� ������ � �مر�ور��� �بك����ا �ل�� ��������مل � ر � ا �ة ة س �ة� ب � ة� ة ة� ة ة �ة ب � � � ب � ب ة ب � � ا �ه ا �� �ة ب ة �وا �ب����ا �ب�ا ب� ��ة�� ��مر� � او � ك ���ا � �ب��ر�ة��د ا �ل��� ح�ا �ب�� �ب�ا � ����ل �� م� �ة� ل�� ��ة��� ���� ا �ب�ا لبرد �ل��ك ب�� ة م ة ة � � ا بة � � ة ة ة ��م ب� ��ب ب ب � ب �م �ة��ك ب� ا �� � � ��ل � ح�ا �ب�� ������ل��م ��مو�ل �ل� � � �م�� � ار ر �ب�ا �ب��ك ب��ة��� �� 1ا �ل��مر��ا ب� حب� ��� ب ���ة ة� ح� ��مرك ح ��و س ر ة� ة م � �ا �ع ب��د �ة� ا ��ة� ا �ل��ب��د. ة ب � ب� � ب ��ة ة � � �ة � حة�ب�ً�د ا � ك� �ك�� ��هة� � او �ة����� �و�ه�و ا �� ح��ا �ل�� ا � �ل� ب� ح ��� ب� ب���� ة� �وك�� ب� ��م�����ك ��ة��� بل�سم�ا �م���ا �م � ب � اب ب ح ��� � ب ة ب � ب ب � ب ا ��لب ح ������� ��ب ا�م �م�� � ا ��ل�ا ب� � ا ب ب ا � �� ح� �ة� �� ��س � ب�و�ة�� ب��و�ة� �ب� � �م��ر�ة��د � ب ح� و ����لك ب����� ��ل� � � او �ع ��و �ة� ب � ب ة� ب ة ا � ب ب ب �ً ة ب ب ب � � �ب ا �� ب ح��ل �ة�ا ب�ر�م ب� ةس ب����ة��ا ب�ر �و�م�ا ��ل�� �� ر ا ������د �ع��� ب� �ع بس ر ب� س ح�د ا �و�ه�وا � �ل� �ة� �����د ���د� ��س��� ة ب ة � ب � �ب ا �� � � � ا �بة ب � ا �����ا ��� ���د � ا ل ب � �� ا � ب ة ��ة�� �ة� لرب � �وع ا ��ة� �ب��هرة���س��ع�م� �م ا �ب���� �و��و � ب ةرة و ةرو ب �وك �ب� �ب���� �ولةر�����ل�وك ا ��ة� ً � � � � � � ا ���� ب �����ر ��ب� ا ��ل��� ب ���د ��ل�ه ب��د ا ب� �ل ا �ب� ب�� ة� �ب ب ��� �ة��ل�� ة� ح��ل ب� مو ة� �ه ب��ا ك �و��ة�ب��رد �ة� ا�ام�ا �ل �ل�ا ب� ا � � � ل � ب ة ر و ر س ة ة ب ا ب ب ب� � � � �ة � � ا �� ب � ب ا� ة ب ة � � � � � � ا ل � �� ة� � او �ل�ا� �و�ة��� ة� ��ة� � ح�ة�ر� ب����� �ل�ك ���ل بل��د ر �ك��س لك ب���� �و�م� ب��ة���ر��م او ا �ة� ح ��ب � ب � ب � ب� � � ب ��ل��ك ا �ب��ك �ة ب�ل�����ل��ا � ا � ح ��� ب� ���د � �ب�ا ب� ح�ا �ب�� ������ل��م� �ب�ا � �����ا �ع ب��د �ة� ��� �ر�لة��� � ل ���بس �م� بة ب�س�ور � او � ة ة أ �. 1ال��ص�ل :ف�ت� ك م
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Chapter Ten
One morning several days later, while my master and I were sitting warm- 10.15 ing ourselves in front of the fireplace, having had our coffee, there was a knock at the door. I jumped up to open the door, and it was Yūsuf the Jeweler. I welcomed him and begged him to come in and have coffee with us. “I can’t come in right at this moment,” Yūsuf replied. “I have some urgent business to attend to, and I’d like you to come along and act as an interpreter between me and a certain gentleman. You see, I just don’t know how to make him understand my particular situation. I don’t speak French very well; I do speak some Italian, but this gentleman doesn’t understand Italian. So I’m wondering if you’d be willing to translate for us.” “Wait a moment,” I said, “so I can get my master’s permission. Then I’ll go with you.” I went in to my master and told him what had happened. He stood up and 10.16 insisted that Yūsuf come in, and the man was unable to refuse. He came in and my master welcomed him with great ceremony. We brought him some breakfast and coffee, and were attentive to his needs. Then the two of them sat down and talked about precious stones for about an hour. Afterward, my master agreed to send me along to translate for Yūsuf in his urgent business. “What is this matter, exactly?” my master asked him. “If you tell me, I can tell you what to do about it.” “It’s a secret,” Yusuf replied. “If you wish me to tell you what it is, sir, give me your oath that you’ll keep the secret.” “Go ahead,” my master said. “Don’t be afraid. Your secret is forever safe with me.” Yūsuf told him the story from beginning to end. It so happened that he’d 10.17 gotten engaged to a girl and had signed a contract of engagement in court. “Then some people came to me,” said Yusuf, “saying they wanted me to marry the daughter of a rich merchant in India. He’d been there for many years, doing business, and had no desire to return to Paris. These people said to me, ‘The girl’s uncles want to marry her off to you and send you to her father in India, because they’re afraid that he might die and his money be lost, since he’s very old.’” “The trouble is,” Yūsuf continued, “these people don’t know that I’m already engaged. So I’m at a loss! Can I abandon one girl and marry another?” “I can think of a solution,” my master replied, “but you mustn’t pursue it. It isn’t advisable.”
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� ��ل�ا � � � ���ل��� � ا �ة�ل ����� ا ����� ��ا ب� � �لة���ل�� ب��ا ح�ب��د ب��ل ���ور ���لة���ك �ب ب�ل����� ل��ا� . ح�ا �ب�� ������ل��م �ب �لة ��و��ل�� ��ل�� � � و ب ة � ة ة و و ب ة ً ل ب ة� ج ��ة��� ����م ب �ة ا � ا ب � � ا ��ة�ب � � ا �ب ا � �� ا �ة ا �ب ب �� ل�� � ع�ط� � ر ر �ة� د �ل�ك. ب ة �ة� ر ر ب� ��ك م� ب ���� � ة ب � � ب ة �م�� � ا ب �ة ب �� � ا ب � � ب ل� ���ة���ل�� ب��م�ا ا �ب��ك ر ب� ح�ا ك �م�� ��و ب� �م بس ا ����ل�ك � او �ل��ر�م ة� طهر ب� � ب ح��ل �عر��ة ب� بةس � ب���ك ب� � � � � ب� � ب � ب � ب� � ح ���را �و ��� �م�و ة� � او ��ل��د ك ا �و ���مر� ك� ��ة� ا �لر� او � ا �ة� �ب�ل�� د ك �ل�ا ب� ��اك �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك ح��ل ا �مر ة ة ج � ب ة ا ب � � ة ب �ب � � � ا �م ا � � ا ب � ب � ً � ب ةة � � �مر�ور ة� ب� ح��د ا �و�ل�ا ب� �كب� �� ��و�ل ا ��ة� ا ����ل ا �ب���� �ب� ��ك �م�ل��ر�م �ة� ا �لر� او �ل� �� �ل�� �ل�� ا �مر ة� � ح��ل ج ا �ب � � �ة ا ا ��لسة � � ا ةل �� ة ا �� ب ة � ب ا ��ل ا ب ا ب ��� ة � � �لة ب ةة ة � ع � � �� � � � � ��� ب � س ب ر و � ر ب � وب � ���د ا ب�� ����� � ل��م �ب� ����م ة��� ��و �م����ك �و�ل� ر�ب ب �� ب � � ب � � � ب � � ة ب ة ح��د���ا � .ب ب�لب���ة�ر ر� او ب� �ب�ا ب� ��ة� ا �ل�سم�����ك �و�ك��� ب� � حة��ً�د �م�ا ب��ة����د ر� او ةم���وك عس ا �لر� اوج �وعس � � ج ج � � � � ب � � ا �ة � � � ب ة ا �� ة �ة ة�ب � �ة ا ��بل ح �� ����ا �م بس ب� ���� �و�ام�ا �ب�ة�� �����ة�� او ا �ل�سم�����ك ا �ع ��ط�� � ح��د�ة��د حب� ر �ل�����ل ل�لك ا �ب���� ل ��� �ب� ر�ة��د ح �� ب � ب ة ة ب � �� � ب ب ب �ب ب � ب ب � � ا ا ا ة � � � � ل � � � �� � � � � او د ا � � � � �� � � ل �ب�ا � �ل��ك د را ��هم ��ة� ��ل� � ب�ل��ل��د لبر �وج ب� ح�د��� بو ��د ك� م ة �لوم بر ب� �وبح� ب� ب � � ع م � � ة ب� � � ب ب �ة � ��ا ا � ة ��ا ح �� �� ة� ا ����ا ��ة��� �م�ا ����� ���لة���ك ��� و�ل ح��د ب��ة����د ر ة��م�ا �ل����ك ب�ل���د ك�� �م �ة �لو�م 1ر ب���� �و ب م � � �ع ب ا ��لب ����. ح �� ب س � ��ب �� �ب ب ب ة � ب ب � ب ��ل�� � ا � ة ���ل�م�ا ���سم� �م ب��� ��� ك�� �سم����ر ��ة� � ح�ة�ر� �و�م���� ��ة� � ح�ا �ل ���ب��ة��ل�� �و� ل ���س �طج������ �ة� ة �ل بم ع ة � � ب� � �ب ا�ام�ا �ل �م�ا �و�ة��ب� �ع ب��د �ة ار ر� ���ع�م��ل �م����ل �م�ا �ل��ل��� �م بس ������ل��م �و ب��� ب� �م�د� �ور ب� �� ح ��� ب� ا �ب��� ة� � ة م ب ع ا �� �ب � �� � ب ا � ل � � ه � � � ��ور� ب�� ب�� ة� ا �ة��ا ب�ر �وك� ا�ام�د ل�� ل ل � � ا ا ا � � � � � �و� ب� ب ��ل وةر����ل�و� ���ا ب�� ة� ا �ة�ا �م ���و�م ا ��ب��ة ر بو�م� ���� ر د و ةرو ب � م �� ا �� ب ب ا ب � ا ا ا ب � ب �� � ����ر ا ��ل�� بد �� �م�ا ��� بر�و ب� �ردة�� ب��ا ��ل �ب�ا ب� �ة ك� ���ل�ل�و� ��ب� ا �ة�ا � ���و� ا ����� ��� ا �ة� �����د �� � ح�د �و ب� ح� ر� مس ا ل ة ب ة ب ة ة م م ج � ب � ب � � ب � ب �ل ا � ا � �� ب ا � ب ة ح�ا بر� ب�ب��ا ���مر� او ��ب� بر ب� ���ردة���� � ا � حة��� �و ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ب��ل�� د ا د ا را د ا �لةر ب�� �ة�� �� �م� ا �ع ��ط� ه� ا � ل ل ب ة ة م � � �ب ��ب �ة �� ب � �� � � ة � �ة �� �� ة �ا ب ا ب � � � � � � ا �لب��ر�� ب� �ة�� بر�و ب� �ب�ة�� ب��ا د � او ��لة�� �ة� �ة������ ا ��ب��ة ر� ��� ��ل � ا � ح�دا � �وبل ��ول ا ك ��� ��س �ب� � ة� ج ة ب ة �� �م ب � �ب � ا �ب � � �ة ب � � �ل�� ��� ب� � �� ���� �ة �ب �ب �عر�� ب� �م بس ب�ل��ل��د ا � �ل��ل�� ب��ة��� �ب�ة�ر�ة��د �ة�� بر�و ب� �وك���ل س عر� ب� � م� رو ب ة ط�� حب� ر ل�ل � �� ج ة ج ة �ب ة ة ا � ب �� ا ة � �ب � � � ب � �� � �ب ة � � � � � � � ا � � � �� �� � � � � � م ا � �و�ة ل�و� ح� ر � �ل ط س �ة������ ل�د ة� ب ة �ر� و م� ب ة� ��ول. م ع � ا ب � �� � �ا �ب � ب � �ب �ب �ب � � � ب � � ا � ح�د ا � �لو ب� ���س �ة� �� �ل� ا � ح�د � �و� �ة� ا � � ب��ا د � او ���لة��� ا �و�ل ا � ح�د �م� �ب�ة�س ��لة��� ��ة� � ل ح�د �ة� �ب �م � ب ��� � ا �ب �ب�مب� �� �ع ب ا � ا �ة �ب ة ��ب ح��ل ك� ���ل ا�ام ب��ا د ا � ر ب� ���ا �� بس ك��ل�د ة� ��ة� ا ة� ��د �ل���� �� �و���ل�� ا �ب�ا ب�ل��ر�� ا �����ة������� �ة� ة ���ا ب� �م��ة ب � ب� ��ا �م ا � ����سم�ا ب � ط�س ح�� �م��ة بر�و ب� ��ب� ��ل�� د ���� ر��ا ��ب� �م�دة�� ب���ة � � � ك� ��� ج ة ب ����ل ر ب� ل ح�ل ب� �و���د ا ة روج ب ر وة ة ج ف أ � « 1تو » ل ت�رد �ت� ال��ص�ل. م م
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Chapter Ten
Yūsuf insisted, begging that he tell him what it was, and my master said, “Promise me that you will not do it,” and Yūsuf promised. “Seeing that you’re a foreigner, you could pretend that you received a letter 10.18 from your family asking you to return home for an urgent matter like the death of your father or one of your business partners—that sort of thing,” my master began. “You’d then tell your fiancée’s family that you’re absolutely bound to return to your country because of this terribly urgent matter and that you want to break off the engagement. The girl would be free to marry someone else, but you could tell them that if you returned unmarried, you’d marry her.” My master continued: “In that case, they wouldn’t be able to prevent you from leaving, or from breaking the contract and dissolving the engagement. Now, when they broke the contract, you’d go to the family of the second girl and say that you have some money owed to you in such and such a city and you’d tell them, ‘I’ll just go collect it and come back after a few days and marry your daughter.’ When you eventually returned after some time and married the second girl, no one would have a claim against you, nor would anyone be able to prevent you from getting engaged.” When Yūsuf heard this, he thanked my master profusely and went on his 10.19 way. But his greed got the best of him, and he went and did just what my master had told him. He disappeared for a while, then came back to marry the merchant’s daughter. It was Lent at the time, and because the girl’s family wanted them to get married quickly and send Yūsuf off to India, they received permission from the cardinal to do so during Lent, when there are usually no weddings held. The cardinal gave permission and they announced the marriage. Now, in this country, when a foreigner wants to get married, the impending nuptials are announced in the cathedral on the three preceding Sundays. The priest says, “A person from such and such a country intends to marry. If anyone knows him to be already married, he must inform the bishop.” And anyone who knows but doesn’t speak up risks being excommunicated by the church. So they read out the banns on the first Sunday and the second Sunday, and 10.20 nothing turned up. But on the third Sunday, there happened to be a Chaldean priest in the congregation. He went to the bishop and said, “I know that this man is married in Syria, in the city of Aleppo.” In fact, it was true that Yūsuf was married to a woman named Maryam, daughter of Jabbār. He’d fathered a son with her, then traveled abroad. This
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115
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� ب ب ا � ا �ب ا� ا � ة � ب �ة ح��ا � ��ل�� �مب � ب�� ب ة�� بة ���ا �و�ل��د د ل�ر���ر�����ا �و����ا �ر �و� �ل��د �ة��ل�و� ���د �ه�و�ل� ة� �م� ر ب ���� ا �ة� �مرة��م ب����� ب� ب ر و � � � ب ح��ل ����ا ��ل ة ��� ا �م ا � �ع ب �ه���ة � ب � �ة ح��ل���ا � ار��ة ة� �مك�� راة��ة��� �و�ه�و ��ط�و�ةل��ل ا � �ل��ا �م�� ا ���س�مرا �ل��ل�و� � ب� � �ل ر س ة ر ب ٰ �ب �ا ر�ة ��ة ا ب��ل � ح��س� � او ّلل� ا �ل��� ا ب� ك� ��ا � �ه�و ا � �ل�. م م ة ب� م � ا� ب �ب �ب ب ��ل ا � ب � � ة ة � ة ة � ا ا ا ا � ب � � ���ل�م�ا �������د ����ل ك�� ��س �و���ب���� ������ د ��� �� ��ل�م� او � ح� �م ا�م�دة����� �ة� ا �مر� ��مة� ا�� �ل ا �مر ب �� ب � � ا ��ل�� اب � � � �م ب ا �ع ���ط�ا � ا ��بل ب ب � ا ��ب� ��ط �م�ا �ل�� � او �ب�� ة� ���سب ��ة� ��� ��ا �� �ب�ا �م����ا ���� �و� �ب��ر ���� ��ط �و�م� ��� د �ب� � �ل�� ا لر ط�� س م �ب ة �ة ب ة � � �ب �ا بج �ب ا ا ا � � ب � �� �� �� � ا ا � � ب ا � � � ب ا � � � � � � ا � � � � � � � � ك ل ا � م�� � �م� ر و ل� � ا �ب��د �مو� �ه�ة����س ��ة�� �ة� �ل ب� ح� �� ب� و ك حب� ر بول��د �ل � ة� م م� � ��و ة� ب �ع ة � ا��ا � ة حة � ب �� ا � ا � � �ب ا ا ا � ب ���� � ب ب ��ا ر ��س�م ب��� ح��د �م بس ب��ة��و� ا �ل� ك�� لبر ب� ���ا � ا ب� ��ب��ط�و م� �ل� �م� ر �و ع��د� �ة� �وك �م��ر�ل�� ��ة� ة�� ا � ة ب ��� � � � � ب �ا ��� � ����ة�ر ب�� ب��ا ا ب� �ة�ب��ة�� ��� �و�ل�� ��ط�� � � ���ا ��م�ا �و ب� ح��د � او ����ة� �م بس ���د ا ا �ل� ا �ب�� �����ل ب� ا�ام�ا �ل �و��رب� ح� � ة ة ة � � ب � ب � ة ب ة ب � � ��ا ب� �م�ا ا ا ب ب ب ح�ة�را ��� �و�مس �ع��م ار ��� �و�و���د �و�ه� �ب� �ل���د ا ب� ا � ك� � بار د ا � ��هة�ة����س ���لة��� �و�م��س��ل� او �� ��س �مس ب� م � �ب ب �مب ا ب ا ��ل � ب��ة��ة�ر� او ��لة��� ��ةس � حب�� �و�مس ب � �م��ل�� ا � ب�ل��ة��ة�ر. ب ا ا ب � ب �ب ا ة � ا � ب ب ب ا ة ��لا�� � ب ب ا� ب ا �� �م� ���� ب��������ل �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� ا �����ةس �مس ب��م� ��� ا ��م� �� �م� �م��س��ل�و��ة� � او �مر�و ��ة� �ب� �م���ة� ��� � ة ب ة ة � ب � � ب ة ة � ب با با ة ة � ا ا ا ا ا ة � � � � � � �م ا �م� � ا ل ��� �م� د ا ��� ���د � ا ا � ح� �ل � ح ح �� � �ه�و ب��ة����لك ا ة���س �م��ر�ة��د �� �� ا ر�ل� ب��� �و���� � � ب رة و ب ب �و�ة� �ة� � ر م م م ب ّ � �ب �اة � ب ب ب� بب �مر ة� ����الةر ��� � ا �لر�ع ب� � او �ل�ر�ل���ا ��س �و� ���م � او ��ا ب�ل���ة�ر �و�ع�ة� ��م ةر�� ب��ا ����� د ك���ا � � �م��ك � ار د ���� ة ة ب � ��ا ب � ب ��� � ب � ة ة ب ب ب � �وا ب� ����ط�ب��ا � ا �ل �����ا �م�ة� �و���د ا ا �لر ب� ح��� �و�م�ود� ح�� ا � ���ه�و� �� ح��ل ك�� � ة ب حم�ة� ���ة�ر � ب�و�ة����ة� � ب�و�ة����� �م ب � ��������ا �ا�م�ا � ����ل ة� ا ��� ��ه ��� ا �م ��ب ������ل�م ��ا ب� ا � � ا ���ل��� ���ل��� ��م�ا ا �ب�� ا ل ب ��ل�� د �ب�ا �ة� ب روج م ة ب و ة� ب � رة س رة� و بب� بس ب ة � � ا ة � او � ك� �����. ح�� ��ة� ��� � � ب ح��د ة�����س ب � ة ب ب � ا� ا ح�ا ا ��� �ب��هر��� ���ا ر ة�����س ح�� ���د �و�م�ا ا � �وا ب� ���د� ��ا �ل��ر�م �ب�ا �ب�� لةر�وج� �ع ب��د �� ا �� �م� ا ب� ة ةس �� اب ا ب � ب حب�م ة ا ��� ب ا � � ب � ة � ة ��س�و�ب��ل�و ر�م�ا ر�ة�ا � او �ة�لو�����ل ا �ة�� �ب� � �ة� � ح��د �ل�� �م بس � � ر� ل ل��رة� � ���ردة���� �ل �م��مر��� ح�ة� ب �ب � ب ��ا ب� ة �� � � ة � �ة �ب ا �� ��د ر�� ة��ة�� ����� � ةل ح بس ���لب��� ���لة��� � بو��م�ا ا �ب�� ك�� حة�� ا � ل ���ردة�� ب��ا �ل �� ���ة� �ب� ب� �ة������� ا �ل� ة و ل � � ب اب � ب � �ا ب ب � � ة ة � ب ��س� او ا �ة��� ب�م� ا ��� �عر�� ب� �و��� به ��و�ل �ع ب��د� ��مو�ة� ����ة�ر ��ا �ع ��ط�ا � �م بس �ة��د� �م��مر��� �ب� � ةح � ة �م�ب� �� ا � � � ا �ب � ب� �ة � ��م ة ا � ب ا ب� � ا� � ب ة ب �ب ا ��ب ة �و س مر ب� � ���ة ر �وح�� ب �� �و � ح�د ا�م��مر��� �و�و� ��� �ة� �ب� ب� ا �����ة������� ة�� ��و�����ل ج ب ب � ة ��ا � ة � دة�� ب��ا ��ل ��� 1ا ر � او ة�ل�� ���ط�و� ب���� بس ���ور �م بس ا � ل ح�ة� ���ا ر ������ �م بس �ل��ل�ك ���ل�م�ا را �و ������ �م�� � � ���ر ح ب ا ة �ة � ا ��ة � ب ب � ا ��ل � ��س�� � رب� م�ة �� ةس �عر��س. أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل ك� �رد ت�ف��ا ه.
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Chapter Ten
must have been him, because when I returned to Aleppo myself I asked this woman what her husband looked like, and her description resembled the man I saw in Paris: tall, dark-skinned, and thin. But only God knows whether he really was the same man or not. When the Chaldean priest testified to this and his claim was confirmed, 10.21 the governor of the city was informed about the situation. He demanded that Yūsuf be arrested, his money be seized, and that he be hanged. The priest who had informed the governor was telling the truth, so Yūsuf disappeared without a trace. They launched a search for him but there was no sign of him. After three days, they went to his house to seize his property but couldn’t find a thing. Apparently he’d taken valuable stones from various nobles’ homes with a plan to sell them all, but the governor’s men didn’t find any of them; he’d simply stolen them and fled. As the search resumed, they arrested some of Yūsuf ’s neighbors and friends, and threatened to torture them if they didn’t reveal where he was hiding. One of those people was me. While I was out and about on an errand at that time, two of the governor’s 10.22 men suddenly seized me and ordered me to go with them. I was terrified and asked them what they wanted. “Come see the governor, and he’ll tell you what we want!” I went with them, terrified out of my wits. We passed by the coffee shop of my dear friend Iṣṭifān the Damascene, a man who was very fond of me.37 When I first arrived in Paris, my master told me to seek him out because he was my countryman. We had become friends, and he had told me his story. When Iṣṭifān first came to Paris, he was a beggar, but no one would give him 10.23 any alms. He decided to go to Monsieur Christofalo Zamāriyā to ask for a letter from the cardinal granting permission to beg for alms at the door of the Church of the Virgin. Christofalo’s heart went out to him, and since he was the steward of the cardinal and very close to him, he gave Iṣṭifān what he wanted. That way people would give him charity, because he was a stranger and because he was confirmed to be truly poor and in real need. Iṣṭifān stood by the door of the church, pleading for assistance. When the people saw that he had an edict from the cardinal, they began lavishing alms on him. He eventually amassed almost two hundred piasters.
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�ب� �ب ة � � � ا ا � ا �م� بس � �سس����ة � �� اوة� �وك�� ���ل ���اة� ��اة��ة���ل �ل�ا ب� �م�دة�� ب���ة �ب��هر��� � � �� ح� �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل��ة� �م � �مو�س�م �م� ر ة ب ةس ج ج م ب �ب � �ع��د بد ���� ا �� �لة �ب ��� ���� ا ��س� ة��د��� �و�ا�م�ا بة��س �سس����ة ا �ة�ا � ��� � ك� �د��� ب��ة����ة�ر �م�و��س� � � � ح� ل ك م��ا � � ب ة ةس بم � م ة� م ة س م ة م م ب ة � � � ب ة �ك���س ح��ل ا �لب�ةس� ��� � بو��ة����ة�ر ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا�ام�د� ب��ة�� �و ���م ار �و���ب���ر ب� ح�ا ة� � بو��ة��ا �ة�ل او �ب�ا ��س �م بس ��ة�ر �ر�ة� �ل�ا ب� �ع ع ���م � ��ا �م� �ا �ل�ب ا�ا�م�هة�ا د� ا �ل�ة � او ��ل ���م ا ��ل�ا ب� ب��م�� ا ��ل�� بد �� ����ب���ا � 1و��� ب�� ���م ا ء �م�ا ب����� ���ط �� � � ك � ل � � ر و ة � ة� ة� ر ةع ة ب ة ب ع ب ة ر ر ة ��ة�� ��� ا ء �ب ب � ا � �ة ة ا ب �ط� �ة� ��ة ر و � �. �� ب ة � ا� ا � �� ا �م� بس ا � ب ة �� �ة � � � ا � �ة ب� � ة � ب � � �ة ���ة ر �م� � �� � او �ل � ��ة��� ا �ة� ل�لك ا �ل���� � ح� � او ل�ر بح� �و مس ب �م�ل� ح� �م�و س� �م� ر ة��ة��ة���ل م� م م � ب ب ة ب ة ا � ب�ل�رب� �ة�ل�ر ب� ح��د�ة��د �وراة��ة��� ��مو�� ب� �������� ك� ���ا �ب�� ��و ��ة� � ب�����س �م بس � ح ة� ���� ������د ا � ا ����ود �م�و ب� � ة ج �ة �� � �� ا ب ا � ب ًا ة �ة� ا ب ل ا � ب ا ب��ة ع ة �� � م��ا ب � ل ا �ة � � � � � ا �� ل ا � � � ه د � � � � � � � � �د � �� ح� � � � � � � � � � �� � �� ك ط � � � � � � � � ��سة�� و ة بو ر و ب ة �ة� ب بر ةس و � ة ب �ل ة� �ل � ب ب ب ب ب � ب ب ب � م��ا ب� � ب� �ع�� �بك����ا ��ل ة� �م�ا ���د ا ا ب� ا � ا ب � ة ةب � � � ح�� ة�سم�� �رد � ا � �ل�ربج � ��ط�ل ب� �م��ة� ح� ب� �لو�ة� �ب� � �ة� ����ل � ك� ر � ب ة � �ب � ب � � ب ������ �ع ب ب��� �ب �ب ا ة ���ا � ح ب� ا�ا ك� م��ا � بر�ل� � ار��ة� ��ط��لب��� � ة ر س ة ر رجب � �م� رد � ا �ع ��ط�ة� ��ة�ر ��م بس �م���ل ��ة�ر ع ب ب ا � � ا ا ة ب ا ب ب ا � � ب� � ب �ب ب�� . �و�ل ���ل�م�ا د ب� حة�ب�ً�د د ب� ح��ل ة� � ار��ة ة� ��و� �ب� برل� ���� �هة�� � �� را �ل���� �ب� �ل�د � ح��ل� او �م�ا ب��ة��ب�ب��ا � او ر� � رج ة ةع � � � ب ب � ب ب ب � ب ب ا � � � ب � ة ة ا ا ا ا ا ا ب � � ح� �ل�� �و�ل� ��ة�ر � ب��د �م� �و���ل� ا �� ��� � � ح ب� ا� ك� م�� � �ب� � �ة� �ب�ل� د �� ���ة�ر �مس ة ب �م��ل ر��ة ر ب� س ب ا � � اب ��ا ب ب ب � ب � ا� ��ل � �ب ب ة��� ب���ة��� ب�� ���رك �ل���� ك�� � ا � ح��د �مب��� ا �ل ب�رل� . �م�� �ل �و���د ا ا ��ب��ر�م�ا �ة��ل�و� �� �ه�و�ل� ة� ا ب � � ة م ة ع ب� �ا �ب ���دد� � ا ب �� ب �ب ا �� ��م � ب � ب ة �ب �ب��ل�ب�ر ب� ح�� ب� � بل���س � �� �م�ا � ب���� �ة� � ةس ا � �ل��� ار � او �ل�� �بر�ا �����ا ر� او ���� د �ل��ك ب س ع � ة ب ��ا ب��بس ا ب ا � ب � ا ��� ب ة � �ب � �����ط�ب��ا ب� ا�ام�د ل�� ��ور �ب�ا ب� ة� ������ةر�ة� �ل�� ا ل � برة�ل���ةس �وك�� � ب�� � �و�م� ةل���ور� �ل� ب� ا �لر ب� � ا � �لة��ه�و� ح��ل بط�� ح��ل ا � م ج ا �م� بس ب � � ��� ب ���ا ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �و��مب���� ا ���� ا�ا�م�و��س� �وك� �ك�� �����ا ر� او ���لة��� ةس � �� ��اة��ة���ل ���ع�م��ل ا �لر ب� ح� �م�و��س�م �م� ر ة ح��ل �م ة ب ةة ة ب ب م م � � ة ب ���م ة� ا ��ل ب � �ل �ب�ا ة� ���ل��� ��ل�ا ب� �م�ا ا ا ح�� ���م ��ة ب�ع ��� ب���ة ا �� � � �و��� �ه�و� ��ة� د �ل��ك ا�م�و�س�م � بو�م� ا ��� ر ب� ل رة� رة ب ر � �� ة رب و � � ب ��ا ب ب ة � ا �ة �بج ب � �ة ة ب ب � � ب �ه� او ة� ��ة� �ب��هر���س �وك� ���ل ����ة� ب� �ه� او ��ة� �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل بر�م�ا � �م�ا ك�� � ا ���� ح��د�ة��د � ��� � �ة� ��ة ر� � ة ة � � � ب � ب � �ة � ا � � ا ا � �ة ح�ا ر� � ح��ل�و �ب����ا ر �م�ا �ةل���ل ���ر� ا �ل�ار� ح�ة� ة�����ا ���د �و� ���� �� ��ا � �ه�و� � او ب� � ح��د �ل�� ا ب� � ل � ع ط � � � � � ة ة� ة ً م � � ب ة ب ب ب اةب � �� ة ب ���ا ب� ��ة��ا ا ��ل��د �ة� ���ا ر ���لة��� � او �ل� ة��ب� ��� ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل ب ة ا � �� � ����د ا ر �م�ة�����ةس �عر��س ا �ة�� ب ��سس���� ا �ة� �م ك�� ب ة ة ب � ������ ا ب�رل�ع�م�ا �ة�� �عر��س. � � � ب � ب � ��ا ب �ة ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة �ه� او �ة� �برك� �� ا ��� ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �و��ة� � �ه� ا�ام�و��س� ر ب� ���ة��� ا �ل���ا ا� � او �ل بر� �لو ب� �ب����د ا � ة � د ك� � �ب ة ب � ب م م ة ع ج ب ة ا �ب ب ح�ة ��ب �م�د� � ب ا�ا�م�ة��د ا ر � �س��� ���ا ر ������ �مب���لب� د را ��ه � او ����س�م� ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هرة���س � ����ط���ا � � � ة ة م ة ع ة ا ب � � ا� �ة ة حة ���ا ���ا ب� ��ا �ة ��ل�ه ب��د� �م ب ا ��ل��سس� ��� ا � �م ب ������ر � � � � � ل � ه ا � � � � � � � � ك � بر ر و ر و ة �ه� او �ة� �وك� ة ة� ا � �ل � ب ة م م ة ة� س بع وج س أ 1ال��ص�ل :ف��تص ف��ا . ع
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Chapter Ten
Then the feast of Saint Michael came around. The city of Paris has seven 10.24 quarters, each named after a saint. When a saint’s day arrives, a festival is held in some open space for seven days, full of goods for sale and spectacles to see. People come from other towns to trade because there are no customs duties levied on goods bought and sold at that time, unlike the rest of the year. On the feast of Saint Michael, I went to the square to see the sights. I saw 10.25 a black monkey in a steel cage who looked as ugly as a devil, and also a twoheaded snake! Eventually I came to a certain building. A man was outside, beating a drum. “What’s this?” I asked some people. They responded that inside was a wondrous spectacle. I wanted to look at it, and the proprietor asked for a quarter. His price was more expensive than the other entertainments and I didn’t want to give him more money. But some people interceded and convinced the owner to accept four sovereigns, and he invited me in. When I went inside, I saw a single little camel. I regretted my decision and told the owner, “We have plenty of those where I come from, and they’re all bigger than that!” “That’s your problem,” he replied, as he had already taken the quarter from me. But let’s get back to the story. It was suggested to this Iṣṭifān fellow by 10.26 some charitable people that he buy two kettles and some cups and whatever else he’d need to make coffee, and go to the festival—that is, the feast of Saint Michael. The man did as they suggested and opened a café there. And since he was a foreign man from the East—and because there weren’t any other coffee sellers—he had a lot of customers. Paris didn’t have many cafés in those days, and anything novel was a source of delight. Soon, Iṣṭifān couldn’t keep up with the demand, so he hired assistants to help serve the crowds that descended on him. All in all, he made another two hundred piasters over seven days, so he’d earned four hundred piasters in total. When the festival ended, Iṣṭifān went back to the city and opened a coffee 10.27 shop. The customers arrived in such numbers that, in the space of a single year, he had earned a tidy sum and became known throughout Paris as Iṣṭifān the Coffee Man. People would come to his café from all seven quarters, including nobles, merchants, and many others. When his fame reached the palace of the
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ة � ب � � ب ة بة � ب بب �م ار �ة�� ا�ام��ل�ك� .و�كة�ة�ً�د ا ر�����ل ا � �لورلةر � او �مر� �ب�ا �ب�� �ة�ل��� ���ا ر �ل�� ا ��س� ��ة� �ور����ا �ة��ا �و ��ة� � �ل���س � � م ج ب � � � ب ب ة �ا �ا � ب بة �ه�و� ��ة� �ور����ا �ة��ا �ة��ل�� ةلر�و� ا �و�ل�د ا �ل��م�ا ر� �ل�ه ب��د� ��ة� �ب��هرة���س ���ع�م��ل ب��م�ا ا �مر� ا �ل�ورلةر �و��� � �� ج ج � �ب ب � ة ة �م ار ���ة ا�ام��ل�ك �و���ا ر ������ل�و� ا ك� ���ا لبر ا ��ل��د �و��ل�� �� � � � �� �ا � �ا � ا � ة �ة�ا � ��� ��ة �� � �ه�و �ة� ور � ة� و �س�� م ة �ة� �ه�و �ة� � ة م ا �� با ب � �و��� ر �ل� �� � � ع ���ة�� . م م �ً � �� ب � ح���ة ةل � � � ا �م� �� ا د ة �ة�ا �ب ب ا ح��د� ������ا بر�و ب� � � �ب�ا �ة ب�ل ��ة� ا ��ة� ا �م ار � ا ر م�ل� �ع�ة�� ب� ح�د ا ��� ب رو و ل ك ر � ج ب ا �� � ب ب ب ب ب ��ا ����� � �ب ��� �ة� ب ب ة ة ب ح��ا � 1و ب� ���ا ب���� ة� �و���د � ��ا ر�����ل ة� �ب�ا ��س �ب�ا ����� ة� ب �و �ة� �ل � ح� �ل� م � ��ة��� ���هب���ل �ولر�و ب� � م ب ة� ���س ة �ب ب � ب ة ��ا ب ا �� ا � ب ��د ا ا ��ل � ا ���� � �م ب �ة����� ب ��ا ����م ب � � � � � � � م � � � � � م � � � � � ل ح ح � � ل � ة � � � ا �ب���� ك�� � ��� ر �� ر س و � رب ل ر ل ر ب ل س ب ب ة� ر ب ب � �� ب ا ب � �ة ب ا ب � �لب��ة ة ب � ���ل�� � �ب�ا ب� ب� �ب����د ا ا �� ك� �ه�و� ��� �ور����ا �ة��ا �و�� ة � ح�� ا �وا ب� �س�ة�ة�� �ه ب��ا ك � ار د ���ط��� � ا �ل� ر� �ب� � ة � � � � �� ة ة �م م بج � ا ا ب � � �ة ا ��م ب � ب ��ا ب ل ب � � � ��ب��ة��� � ������ل � �ة� �ة�� ا �ل�ة ل � � س � ه �م ب � � � � � � ل ه ��م � � ل ه � م � � م �� � � � � � ك ك ك � و �ة� ة� ة� ب � رة س بو رة� رب و� ة ة �ل ب � ةرو بح� ب وة � �� � �ا ا �ة���ك ا ����ر �م بس ا �و�ل�د ا �ب���ل��د. ة � ب ة � ��م ب � �ب ا ة � � ب �� � ��ب ة ب� ا � ة ب ��ل�م� �س�م��� �م��� ����ل ك��ل� �م �وك��� را ��ة� ا �ب���� �و �هة� ح��س��� ���� � ��� ����� ��ط ا ع��ة� � ���س ب ا ح�ة��� ��� ���� ا ��ل�� ��ا �ب�� ة�ل�� ����م ب� �م����ل�� � ح�ة ا �����ا �ور ������ل��م �و�ل���د� ب�ل�� �������ك ا ب��ل � ل �وا ب� �� ة �ة� و ب م��ر ��� �� ب�ب � ة ة� ة� ب ة �ب ب � ب �� � ا � �ل���د � �ل �م�� ب ���� ا ب��ل � ح��ل ��� ���مر ���ط ا �� ا � �م���� ا � ةس ���ل�� ���� �و�ل���د� �بك �����ا �ور ة� ������ل � ع � ل � � م ب � ة ة ب ب ر و و ة ب ة� ة� ة بة � ب ا � ���س �ب � ا � � ّ ب � � � �ب ا ب ا ب ب� �� ا حة � ل � � � � � � ا � � ا ا م�ر � � �م� �� د ا ة� د �ل�ك لر ب� �م� ر ��� �ب� ة� ح�� ب� ����ل ب���� �ل� ب� ح��ل ����� � ل ح��ل �ة� ة ا ب � � ب �� ب �ب ا �� � � � � ة حة � ة ب ا ا ة � � ل � � � � � � � � � ا م � � �وا ب� ���� �ة� بل ��و�� �ل� ا ب ��ل� ����ل �م���� �ل� ا �ة� � �ة� � ���� ب � ح�د ��ة� ب � �وا ب� �م� ا ع�ة ح��ةس �ة� ة ة ا �� ا �����ا �ور � ح� �ة�. ة ة ا� ا � � ب � �� �� ب � � ب ا �ب � ا ب ا ب � � ب ب� � ا ة ��ل ا � � �ب � � �و �ل�ة�� ا�م���� �ل�� � �����د ا ا �ة ��و�م ا �ل�د ة� �م��س��ل�و�ة� ة��� ب �م� ��� ا�� �م �مك� د ل�ر�� �ل�م� �م ةر���� �مس ب ة ��ا ب ب �ب ً � ب � � ة ب � � � � ب � � ب ا ا ا ا ا ا ا � � � � � � ��د ا � د ك�� ��� را �� � ب �م��م �� �و���� �ل ب �م� ��� ا ل �� � �م� �ب� � �� �� �م� ��س����ةس ���د ا ا �ل���ل� �م �و�م� �ه�و ة رج ر م � ا ب ب ب ًا ب م� ة م ب �ل� � � ��� � � �� � �ب ب�� � ب ا � ا � � � ا ب ة ا �� ا ��ل��ل � ��ا �� �ب� � ���د ا ا �ة�� ��� �مس �ع��م ار � �ة �لو�� ��� ا ب � د ب�� �� بح� ب �لو ب� � �� لو� �و��ر ب �ة� ل��ل� بة��ر� م ب ���� �ب ا ة م��ا ب ��مب ب � ح�ة � �لة� ���ل��� � ا ب �م�ا �ة ��ا �����ب��� � ���� ٢ب� ��ة � � � �د ��د � � � � م � � حة���ة� � ة� ة ر ة و � ��ة� ا �ة� � ك� � ر و ة ب ةر ر ب �ة ا ة � ا�� ب ب � �� � اب� ب ب ����� �ب ا ب � ��� � �ة ب ب �ل � � � ا ��� � �وا ب� ح�� ا � حب� �� �مر������ل��مة� �ل� � ك���ا � ط�� � ة�ط�ل��ة� �مس ا �ة��د �ة� ب��م� ��� ا�� �م �و �ة� د �ل�ك م ل � ��بل ب با ة �ب ب � ة ا � ب ب ب � � � �ب ب � ب � ا ب �م �ب��ر ��ة� � �� �و���ل�� ا م��س�� ��ل�م� را �ة� �م����وك � او �� �م �رل�� ب� �ة� �� �ة�� �م� �ة���لو� �رب�را �و�ة��ك ا �ل�دةلس ة �مب� � ا �م �ب ��ا ��مب��� ا �� ا ����� ة� � �لة�� ��ل�� ����� ا �م�ا ب��ة��� �بم� ا ��ا ب� ���� ب��ل�� � �ع ب��د �� � ا �ب�ا �س�� �م�ا � ك ة و ة ة� و رة� ب ة� ة� ب ة ب و � ةم � ر و� ب � ل م ب ا �ة ة � � �م ب � �� ا ��ل � �ة �� � � ب ب ب ة� �� �ة��ل�و� ��ة� � بار �ب�� ك��� ب� ا �ل��ر��ة��� ا �ل ��ة� �ل��ل�م��ل�ك �م�ا د ا ةل �رة��د � او �م ب���. �� �ة��� ب� س ب�ل د ��م ة ر� �ة ب أ تف ح�ه�ا ٢ .ال�أ�ص� � :ا ���ه�� ف تس. ل ف � 1ال��ص�ل :و�ر ف� �
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Chapter Ten
king, in Versailles, the king’s minister ordered him to open a café there so that the princes wouldn’t have to go all the way to his café in Paris. Iṣṭifān did as the minister asked and opened a café in Versailles. He then stayed on, serving coffee at the royal palace. He rubbed shoulders with the grandees of the state, and became quite the celebrity. It came to pass that a very wealthy widow with many properties set her 10.28 sights on Iṣṭifān. She sent some people to propose the marriage and he agreed. They were married and she bore a girl who later was afflicted by an illness that crippled her. Her father sent me a message saying that since he had no choice but to remain in Versailles, where he’d opened his café, I should marry his daughter and take over the café in Paris. “You’re from the East, so you’ll be more popular with the customers than a Frenchman.” When I heard these words—and had seen the girl, who was beautiful, even 10.29 if crippled—I responded to his request by asking for some time to discuss it with my master before giving him my answer. The messenger agreed and left, on the condition that I respond within two or three days. I consulted my master, but he didn’t consent to me marrying the girl because she was a cripple. When the messenger returned for my answer, I didn’t give him a definitive response. “Leave me alone for a while so that I have some more time to think about it,” I told him. This was where things stood on the day when the governor’s people arrested 10.30 me, as I recounted earlier. When we passed in front of Iṣṭifān’s coffee shop, he saw me and ran out quickly to ask the governor’s people, “Why are you holding this young man, and what is his crime?” “The governor’s been told that he’s an associate of Yūsuf the Jeweler,” they replied, “and he might know where Yūsuf is hiding. If he doesn’t talk, he’ll be tortured.” Iṣṭifān couldn’t persuade the governor’s men to let me go. But then my master appeared, for news had reached him of my arrest. When he saw me in custody and scared out of my wits, he rebuked the men who were holding me prisoner and ordered me to go home. “Don’t you know that this young man works for me and that I brought him from the Orient to work in the king’s Arabic Library? What do you want from him?”
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�� � ة ة ا ��ل ��ل� � � � � ا ب � ا ا ��ل�� ب �ة ��ة ��ب� ا ب� ا ��ل ��ة��� � 1و� ��ا �� ب�ة����س�����س ب�ر� ��ل� ة ب��د� �و � ب��ا ب� حب��ر�و� �ع بس ا � �ل� ب� ��ا �م� �ب�ا � حب� ر�و م � ب � ا ا ب ا ا �� ب� �� � � ب �ة � ب � ���ا � ب��ة���ل�ة� ���س ������ �و�ل�ا ب� ر �و ���د ل��ل مس رب� ك ح��ل ���د ا ا �ل���ب�� ب� � � ب�� م��س��ا � �و�م�ا ���ه ب��ا �ل��� م �� � م ب � ب ا ا ��لب� �� � � �ع ب � � ا �ب ا ��ل� �ب ب ا ا ا � � � ل ه �وا ب� �ل���ل�ا ��� ا ب� �ل بر� � ا � � � � � �ب�ا �ب�� �ه�و �ع ب��د ك � بح� ب���� ���د ��ل م ه�و ��د ة� و � ة ل� و � برد ب � م م م �ة� ب ط�س ة ا � ة �ب ّ � �� ب �� �� ب � ا �ة �� � ب ب ا ا ب � � ل ا ��ل�ا�م � . � � � � � � � � � ا � ا ا ا ا ا ا ��و ل ��س �� ��مر� �ة� لرعب�� �و ب ر� �ب� لرة��د حة�ب�ً�د ةلرل��و�ة� ب �م� �� � �و م� � ر � م ب ة� � � � ب ا �ب � ا � ا� ب � ب �ة ب ب حة �� ب � � � ل � � � � � � � �مس �ل�لك ا ب��ل� د ب ر�م� ���ة� ا ر� بوبج مس �ب��هرة���س � او �����ل �م� ا �مر�ة� �ب� ا �ل��م�ة ر ا�م�د ل�ور �ة� � � ة ب � ب ب �ة ط ة �ب ب �� ا ����ا �ب � او ����و� ��س��ا � ة � ��� ر ج ة ح�� �����ل��مة� �سم�م� ا �ل�ة��� ���ة� د �ل�ك �و ��ط�لب�� �مس �����ل��مة� ا د � ح�ة� ب ب � ب � � ة � ا � � � � ا ����ا �ر ا ��ة� �ب�ل�� د �ة� ��ل�م� س�م� م��� ����ل ك��ل� � �ب����. ع ة م � ة��ا ��ل ��� ��� �ب�ا �ة�����ك ����� ا � ا �ب��ك �م�ا �ب��ك ا ب��� �ل���� ������ك ���ه ا �ب�ا �ةل��� ة � � � ل � � � � � � � ك ة� و ة ر ة� ب ة �ة� ب �ل و ة� �ل �ة � ب ب � �ب � ب ب ة ب ب ب � � ة � � � ة��د ر �و ب� ��س� �����ك � حب�ة���ك ا ��ة� ���د � ا �ب��ل� د ح�ة� ا � ح�ة�ر � او ة�سم�ك ��ة� �و ���ة ����� ��م �رة�ل��� ���ل�و� ع ب ا �� ب � �ا ب ب ب ا ة � � � ة ب ة� ة ب ا ���ا � او �ل��مر�ور � او ب�� ة� �ب��ر�ة��د ةلر�ك��س ���د � ح� �� �م �����ل��ط� � �ر����� �و�ل��ة����س ��ط�و�ل �ع�مرك �ب� �� � � � ب �� ب ً � �� �� � � �ب ّ � �و ب���ر ة� �ب�ة����ة �ع ب ا ��ل � او � �� ة�����ة�ر �ل�ل�م����ل�م��ةس �مك� ك� ��� ة� ����ا �ب �لة��ا ب��ا ��مرك�� ا �ل������ا د� �وةلر ب� � م � ل ة ر س � ة ة �ج � ا ب ً بع �� � � ب � ب � ب �ل� � د ا ة��م�ا ك� ��لو ب� ا �ل� او �ة�� ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � ���ا � �ة�لة���� �ب�ا � ا �ل�ورلةر را ����� �م ����ب� ��و�ل �م بس ب�ر�ة� ا �� � م ة � ب ة ��ة ع � �ب �ا�م�ا ب������� ا ������� � � ب� ���ل �و���د �ة� ������ك � �و��د ب� ك ح��ل�ك ا �ة� � ب ار �ب�� ا � ك �ل ���� ب�. � ل م ���س ة ة ر ب ب ج � � ب � �ا ب �ب ����لة� ة� ��� ����ل ا �م��ل �و���د ��ل ة� �ع بس ا �لر� او � ا ��� �ع ب��د ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر ا�ام�د ل�� ��ور �ب��ل�م�ا ا ��م ب� � �� ب� �� ��ط� �ة� ج ة ة � �ة ب � � � ا ب�ة ا �ب �ل ا ة � � ة ا � � ب � � �� ة ا � ب ط� ح��ا � ��ا �ل���� ��� ح�� د �ل�ك ا �ل�ح�ة�� ر � �م� ا �م���ل� ا �م� �م� ب�ل���د ��ل� ��� ا �ة� �م ا ر�����ل د �� ��ة� � س ب ة �ة� ب ل م ا ة ا� ا ب ة ة ة �ب � ح���ك ا ��� �ع ب��د �� � ا �ب�ا ��ب ا ���ة�� ب��د ا ك ا ب� ة ا �س��د �ة� ر ة و ة� ة� �و��� ر �ة�ل���ة� �م� د ا �ل���و�ك� �ة� ب�مة حب���� �ة� � ة � ������ � � ا ب � �و ب� �م ب �ع ب��د� ��ل�ا�ب�� �ةل��� ��� ّ �مب� ا بد ب� ������ل��م ��ب� ا ��بل �ب ا ب� ة�ل�� �� �م�ا ا � ل� � �ةر و ب ة ح� بل ��ة� س � ر ب م�س ة � ة بج ة � ة ب � �� ���د � ا ����ل�� د � ح�ة�ر �وة���ل� ا ح�ة� �ة ب�ل�����ل ����ه� ب� ��ب��� �م بس ا ��مر ا �لب��را لبر� �و�ل�ا ب� � ح��ل ����ل ���ب�� ب� � ب ة ة ة ة � � �م�ا ل � �ب ة ب ب � �� ح�ا ��� �� . حة�ب�ً�د ة���� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر � او �ب�ا ل � برة��د ا �ب�����ل ������ك ب� ح�ة�ر � او ب����لك �مس برة��د ا �مو� � ر ة� ً ة � �ة ب ة� � �ة�ل او ب�ل��ه �وة��� �ل�و ب� د ا ة��م�ا � ح ة� �ب�ا � ا�ام��ل�ك � �وب�ا �م�ة� ا �مب���� ��مو�ل ا ��ة� ������ل�م��ك �ب�ا � ب� ح�ا ك �م�� ��و ب� ة� ة م ح�ة �م ب �ع ب��د ا ����ل�ك �و��ة���ل��ة بر� ��ا ��ل � او � ا �� ��ل�� د ك ا �ب����� ��ا ��ل�� بد �� ا �ة�م ��ل�� ��ل��ك �و��ل��� ��ل�ه ب��د �� � ل ب ة و ب م ب ر ج ة� ب ة ة� س م ب ا ب� ح�هرك � او ر�����ل�ك. ب � � � ة ��ل�� � ا ب��ب� �� �وا ب� ا �ل�ا �ب�ا �ل�� ب���ر ��بر ب� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ����ل ك�� ح ة� ��م ة� �و�م�ا ��د ر ة� ا رد ���لة��� ب�� م ب � ب �ب �ب ا ّٰلل� �����س�ا �ب ��� ة� ا �� ������ل�م � ة���لة���ل�� ��ا � ح�ة�ر� �و�� ل� � � ل ��� ا � �م بس �ع ب��د� � او �ب�ا ��ة� � د �� � د �س��د �ة� ب ب بر و � � ة ة ر ��س ة ة� أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل��ت�� ف���ص��.
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Chapter Ten
They told him the story of how the governor was hot on Yūsuf ’s trail and 10.31 that they’d seen me chatting with him. “That’s why we arrested him,” they told my master. “We didn’t know he worked for you.” “He’s with me,” my master replied. “I’ll stand surety for him, and if there’s anything the governor needs to know, I’ll tell him.” So the governor’s men released me and left. But I was still terrified, and I was suddenly sick and tired of the country. So I resolved to leave Paris and carry out the nobleman’s commission I mentioned earlier, so I could travel abroad like my master. My mind made up, I asked him for permission to go back to my country. This request took him quite by surprise. “Is there anything I haven’t given you? Aren’t you happy living here with 10.32 me?” he asked. “I’ve gone to a lot of trouble for your sake, you know. I brought you to this country as an act of goodwill, so that you could have an honorable position in the king’s service and live a happy and comfortable life. Do you want to throw that chance away and go back to being a captive of the Muslims the way you were before?”38 Hearing him, I changed my mind about leaving. My master was always telling me, “The minister is busy with what’s going on at the moment, but when peace comes, I’ll keep my promise and get you into the Royal Library.” Reassured, I decided not to go to the nobleman. After three days, he sent 10.33 for me and I went, along with the old man I mentioned earlier. He greeted me and said, “Why have you delayed in coming to see me? I’ve been waiting for you!” “Alas, my master was unable to give me permission to leave him, my lord,” I said. “He’s done so much for me, bringing me to this country for my own good and saving me from captivity amongst the barbarians. I don’t want to offend him.” “But I too want to help you, and give you a place with me,” the nobleman said. “You will always be under the king’s protection and mine. Give word to your master that you received a letter from your family requiring you to go back to your country. Do what I tell you, and come back to me so I can prepare you and send you off.” Upon hearing this. I was dumbstruck and could only nod in assent. I left 10.34 in a state of complete bewilderment, but divine intervention was at work. I returned home to my master.
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ة ب ب ب� ة با ب ب ب ب �م�� ح�ا �� �م�� �بس �ب �لة�ة� ة� ا � ة � ���ا ���ل�م�ا ��س�م� �مب��� ���د ا � ��و ب� �مس �ع��د ا �و�ة� �و�م�ا بةلس ل �س�ة�ة�� �� � � ا �� ب� ة ع ة م ب � ��� ب ��ل ب� � �لة �� ��ل�� ا بل ة�� ��ا � �ل�اد ا ��ل ���م �ة� ة���ل���ل�� ب ا ��ل� �ب�ا ��� � او � �مر�مب��� ��ب� ب��� �ة��ة �م�ا �ة�� ا ك� ح� ���ل�� �م �ع ب� ة و و ب ر ة ةس و و ب ة ة م � ب � ب � �ب ��ل � ب � ة� ا �مب���� ا ��� � ��� �بس ب�رد �و�عة ب� ��ط �����د �ة��د � او �رب �ة� ا حة� �� �م�ا ةل �رة��د � ل ��ا �ل ا �ع ��ط�ا �ة� �م�ا �ة�� �ل��ل �� ة ة ج � � � �� �ب �ب ة�� ب � � � � ا � �لهب ب � � � � � � ا � � � �و�ة�� ر�و �� ا ل����ل م� �و ل ��س ����و� ��د حة�� م� ة ة��د ك ��د . م م ة� ب ج ع �� ب � ب ا� � ب ب ة ة ة ا � ة ب � � � � � � � � � ��� ع��د ا � ح�د ب� �� ح�ة را �� �و م� ��ة��� ا �ة� ب��ة��� � �وةلر ��ة� .حة��ً�د �ةم�� � �واة ب��ة� � او �ود ع � �و ربج م � � اب ة ب � ة ة ب ب ب ب � � ة ة ب � ا ��ل��د �ةلبس ��ا �����ا ا �ع��� ا ��� � ك� م��ا � �ع ار �ب�ا �ب�� ا �ل ��ة� �ب�������ا �ر ا ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ة ��و� �و�� بس �ع ار �ب� �����ةس �و����م� ة ة � � ب ب �� ا �� ا � �� ب �ة � ب �ةبس � � � ا ب � � ب ا �ة�ا � ���ة��ب��� �ل��ل�� ب���ر �ل�ا� ��ة� �و���ول ل�و � ح�د� ا �ة� �م�دة���� �ة ��و� ب �ربج ا ��� ��ة�� مسة �ب��هرة���س م �ة ب ا ��� ا �ب � لس� ا ب �ة �� ب �� د ا ب ح�ا � �عب���ا �ب ح��ل��ا ���م�ا ب����� ا �ب �لب��ا � ب ح ة� ��� ب � � � � �� ل ح ب � � � � � � ���د � � � � � � � � م ب � م ب �و ة رو س ة �ل و ل ر و رج � � ة ب ةس بر � � ة � � � ة ب ب � � ب ب ب � ا ة � ���د ا ا �ل ب ح�� ا �� �� � ا ب ا� ب ���د � ا�ا�م ا ب���ة��� ب ا � ا �س ح ة� �ل�� بل ا �ل��د �و�ل��ب�ة�س م�سر � و ل�� ل�را �ه�م ك���ل �س�� د �ه�م ا �ل�دةلس ��س د ا � � م ر ةس ة � ب � ح�� ب ا ��ل�� بد ل ب �� ا ��لة ب �س ح ة� ك�� �ة �لو� ب�ع ������ ب � او ��بل ��ا ر ب� ���ل �ة �لو� ل��را �ه� �عر��س. � ة � س ةس ر ةس ة� بم� م م ب ا� ة اب ب � ب � � � ب ب ة � ب ���ا �ب���ا ا ا ا ا ا ���ر�ة� ��� �� �ب����د ا ا�م���د ا ر ا ب� � او � ���� �ل ��ة� ����ة�ل��ل �م� د ا ا � ل حب���� �ب� � ���د � ا �ل�� �بر� ��� ك� � ة ب � �ة��م ��مب � ا حة�� � ا حب� � �بم ���ل�ل�� ب ب��� �لود ا �ل��مرد ا �ة� �ود ا ب� ح��ل���ا ا بر�ل� �مر �و����� ا بر�ل� ��سب�� ب��ة���ك ب�ل�� �لو ر ب� � و �ر ع بع � � � � ة ب ب ا ا � ة ب ب ب ب ب ة ة ب ح���ب���ا ا ا ا ح��ل� ا ا �� ا ا � ا �ب�ا � بم ���ل�ل��ةس ب ب�� ة��� ��ة�ر ��م� ��ة��� ا � �ل�� ر �ل� ��ة�ر �و���� � ب ة � �وج� ا �����ر �ل� � �و�م� ب��ة��د � و ��و � � ا ة ا �ب �� ب ا ة ب ة �ب � � ة ة ب ب � ا ب ة �� ا ب �ة �� ب حة���ل ا �ل� ��م �وة� �و �ة� ك���ل �����ر���� �ع���ةس �ب��را �ة� ا �����ر�ة�ل� � او ������ةس ��م� ��ة��� ر�و��س �م� ��ة�� ر�و س � � � �ب ة ب ة � ا ب ة ب ب ا م���د � �ب�� ب �ل�����ا ��������� ����� � �ل �م�� ب ب ا� ةس ب��ة ��و� . حة���ل �ة� ا �������د ا ر��� ح�ة� ة�ل���ة�ر� او ���ة� ا� � وةس � ب ة ر ر ة و م � ب � اب ة ب � � � �م ا �� � � ��ة�� ا �� ا �ة � ا ��مب ةس �ل�ا ب��ة�ر �بكب�ة��ب� بر�ل�و ا �لرك� ���ا �ب�� ������ �����د � ا �ل�� ار �ب� ����� �و���ل ل�د �ر ب ���ل �ة� ���� رة� ح� ب � � � � ا ة بة � ب ب �� ��� ب ب� ��مة�� �ل� او ر�م���ا � بو��ة��ة��د �م� او ����� ��د ا � بو��ة��د � ح��ل� او � ة���ل�ك ا �ل������ر�ة�� ���را ا�ام�ا �ة��د� �م�و ب� � و م ة � ا��ا ا�� � ا ة ���ب�� بسة � ب �ب ع ب � ب �� � ب� �� � � ك� م���ل�ب� ا � حب� ر �مك� ب �و �مر �ل�د �ة��د � او ر�ل� ح��� بس �م�ا �ة��ل�و� �ة� ب��ة ��و� ا �ل� ك�� لبر �ب� ل��و�ل�� �ر� �و� ج بع � � � � ة � ب� �م ب ا �بل � ا ة ا � ب ة ���� �م ب ��ط��ل� �مب��� � �ل���د �م�ا ا ��دا �م� � �م� ��س����ةس ا � �ل��د اج� �ب� �ة��د �ة����م �ب�ة������ �� او � 1ك�ل س ب � م بو �م��س س � ب ب ب � ����ل� ا �م ب ا ك� ����ل� �� ���ا �� �م�ا ���د� ��� � ����ة�ب���د � ا �� ب � ة����ا �ع� ا �ل��د ل ب ����ا ك� �� �� او ا �ل�� ار �ب�ا �ب�� � بو�� ��و ب� ����� او ب�ة و س � و ب � �م ةبس ب ة و س � �م ة� ةب� ة ب ةرب ب � � ة اب ب ب �ب ���ا �� � ة���ل��ة �م�ا ء � ة ����� د ا ب� ح�ة� ا د ا را د � او ة� ���م �بر �ل او ��ة� ا �����ر�ة�لة� �ة��ل�و� ح��ل ا �ل�� �بر� ��� � ارع ��مر �وك� س و ��ب � � ا� م� � ب � � � ا�ا�مب�� �������ل ا ا �� ب ً�ا ا �� ا �� ��ة ��� ا ��ل�ة � ا � ا � � ء � ل � � ل� �ود ع��د ه� ا � ��مرب� و د ل�ك م���� ح� رب� ب ة �و ة � �م�و ب � � �� ة� � رة �ة� م م ب � �� � ا ة �����ةب�س ة �ه ��مب ب � اب ة ب ب ب ح��ل� ا ا ��� ة �ك�� د ل� ��ر�ب�ا �ب�ا ل��و�ل�� ر� ح� ة���ا � ب�و�ة����� � � ��� او �م �ة� ������ ا �ة� ���د � ا �ل�� ار �ب� �����ةس �كب�ة��د � و ة ة � � � ��ة��� � �س�ة��سم� او ة��ة����ا �مر� او ا �ة� ��م��ل ا�ام ب��ا �م��. بو 1ال�أ ص� �� :ص ت ����هول. �ل فت
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Chapter Ten
“My lord,” I said, “I have received a letter from my brothers. I can’t stay here any longer.” When my master heard these words, he became more furious than he’d ever been. “You Orientals are a disloyal lot!” he raged. “If you want to leave, go ahead!” Then he handed me a hundred thirds and cried, “Godspeed. You’ll regret this one day, but it’ll be too late!” He stormed off, leaving me alone to pack up my things. I left them with 10.35 one of our neighbors and went to the diligence station, which was where the stagecoaches departed for Lyon. There were two stagecoaches, which left on specific days. As soon as one arrived at Lyon, the second would depart Paris. Each stagecoach was pulled by a team of eight horses and had room for eight passengers inside. An exterior platform between the two rear wheels of the coach was reserved for the servants accompanying their masters. The price for a seat inside was two piasters per day, and for a seat outside one piaster. Why is the fare so high? you might ask. Because the carriages are like little 10.36 palaces, with four crystal windows and leather upholstery. Inside, there are four benches covered in scarlet,39 which seat no more than eight people. The coach is pulled by eight strong horses, which are relieved every two hours by a fresh team waiting by the side of the road. That way, the length of the journey is halved. At noon, it would stop at an inn reserved for the two stagecoaches, and the 10.37 passengers would disembark and go inside. There, they’d find a table waiting for them, set with all the necessary accoutrements. A sumptuous lunch would be served, including delicacies that wouldn’t even appear in nobles’ households, along with soft bread and splendid wine. Four or five servant girls carrying goblets served anyone who called for more wine. With lunch complete, the passengers and their servants—who ate the same food, but at a separate table—would climb aboard the stagecoach again, now accompanied by a bottle of wine, a glass, and a jug of water for those sitting inside, in case they wanted a drink on the road. At sunset, the coach would pull into another reserved inn, where the passengers would have another splendid dinner. They’d spend the evening together, chatting until it was time to go to sleep.
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� ة �م � � ب� ب � ����� ��� �� ��ا ب �ب �ب���� ا ��ل � ة ا � �ب �ب���� ا ��� �ب ��� �مب ة ب ط او � ك�� ��� ح� ب��ل�ل ب ب � بو ة � ���� � ل �وج ا د ا ك�� � �ة� �ل ��س�� و �ة� �ل � ة م ة ة � � � ب ب ا ة ب � � ب ب ة ة ب ة ا ا ا ا � �� � ا ب����� ر�ة�� �و ب�� ��� ا ل�س �س � � ح� �م� ك� �� ء � او �م� �م�� ا �ة�ل �� �و�� �و����لب ��و� �ل� ب� ح��ل ا ������ �لو� بة ب��ل �لو� ب� ��� ة س ع ب ب ة � ب � ب ��� � ا � � �مب �م���ل ب ة ب� ة �� � � ب��� � ��� ا �ل ب �س ة��� ا � ح��د ح�هة��� ب �ب ب� ��ط�ا � �م�ا �ب�ا � �� ح ة� ب�����ل�� ���� �ر��س � بو��ة��ا � �ل او � ك��ل و ح�د �� و رو س بةس ب� � م م � �م ً � � � ة ب � � ب � ب ح�به �ب ب � ةب ب � ب � ب م��ا � بة��س ����ا � ���ا �و�ام�ا ب�� � � � � � � � � � � ح��ل� او ا �� ��ة������� د �ل��ك ا�ا ك� � ا � ا �� � � � �د � � � � � � � � � � � ح� � � � ة ب �مر� او و ة ة ة ب بج ة ة ج � � ب � � � ة ب � � ا ا ة ب ب ة � ح��ر �مك�� ب� ا �� �ل��د ا ��س ا �ل� ��� � � ��� � ��� ا ��� ���د ل ب ا �� ا ������ ��� �����ل� �����ا ��� �� ��ط �م��� � هة� وب ةر ب �و ة ة س ة� �ل ب ر�ة بة و� � �ة � �م �ور �ل ب ج ب � � اب � � � اب � �ب�ا ���� �� � ب� ب ا �ب � ب� رة و �� ب� ب����د �م� ب��ة���ل�و� �ل او � ���ر� او �ب�ة�رب� �� او ا �ل�� ار �ب� ��� � �وب�ة������ �ر� او �و �مك�� د ل�ر حب���� �و��مر ��ة ب ب حة � � ا �� � ب �ة � ب ب ب ة � � � ا ا ا � ب � � � � � � ب��ة��ة�ب���د � او �� � ك� ��� � ��� او � �و����� �م� او �� � ك� م�� � �و �ل� ب� ار �ة� ة����ل�و ا �ة� م�دة���� �ة ��و� م�� � � بو ة�� � ب ة ة ة م � ة ب � � ا ا ا ب ��� ب�ل����مر� ا �ة� � . �و��هة� �م���� ��� �ع��مرةلس �ة �لو�م ب��ة�����ل� او ا �ة� م ب ا � ب ة ا� ا ب ة ة � ب � � ا�� ب ��ة � ة �ب � � ��� ا ��� د �ل�ك ا� ك� �� � �ل � �� ة� ا � ل م��ا � ��ب�� ة� ا ��س��م� �و�ب� ب� ��� ار ء ����� ا�ام�هة��ا د �وك���ا � ���ة�ر �م� ا �� � �ة ة �ب ة ب ب � ة � � � ب ��م���� ب��ا � ��� �� ��ا � ����ل ة� ا �ل بد ��ل��ك �ب���ا ا �ة��ل�� �ة�ا � � ���هة��ا د �� ب��� ا �ل�� ��ا �ب�� � �ل � ا �ل ��مة����س ا �ب�ا � و و �ر � ة و ر ر ةو ة ب س ب ة م ب ا�� ة ب ب ة م�ل� ة � � �ل� ب � � ب � � ب ة ة ح�� ب ا ا ا �ه ب��ا ك �ل�ا�ب���� �ب�ة������ �ر� او �مس �ب� ل�ر �ب���ل �مر�و�� ا ���سم��س � او �� ك��� ��ب��� ا ��س��م� ��� ع ا�� ر ب�ةس م ة � �� ب �� �ب ا � � ة � ب ب ا ا �� �ع ب � ب ة ا � ا� � ا ب � �ة � � ا �� � ب � � ب ��س�هة��� � م � �ه � ح � � �د � � � ل د د �ع بس ا �ل�� �بر�ا �ب�� �مك� ر� ور ب � س �� ك ة� � � �مر �ل� م�ة ر و حب� ر� ب� ل ة� ة ب � � ب � � � ب���ة ب ���� ة� ا � ة ب �� ة ب ب � �� ة� ا �� ل� �سم ل ��ر�� ة� ��ة� ا �ل��د �ةلب�س�ا ������ �و�ب� ب� � او �ة� ��ط�ل��� �مس �ع��د �����ل��مة� �و�م� ة ��رة� ���ة� ة ة � ب ا ��ل � ��� ب ة ��ل�� ��� ا ��سسب�ه ���ل ة� �و�م�ا ب� حة� ة� �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �ب���ل �م�ا �ة ب�ل�����ل ���د ا ����� ل ���بس �م�ا ��ة� �ب�ا ��س. ة س ة �� ا ب �ة �ة ��ا ة � � ب � � ب � ب � ب ا ب � � � � � � � � � � �� ب� �م� ��و ب� ا �ة� � او � حة��ً�د د �� له��د� �ة� ر ب �ة� � او �مر� �ب� � �ة ك ح�د مس ا �ل�د �وك� � او � ا �ل�د ة� ة ا � بل� �� ب ب � ب � د ا ب� �م ا ���ة ا�ا�م��ل� �ب � �� �ا �� �ا � ��� ب� �ر�م�ا � ��� �م�و ب� ح ب� �م� � ح�ة� ة�ل�ة�م�� ب� ك ح��س �ل� ة� ة ه�و ح��ل � رة ك �ة� ور � ة� ب ة �ب ا� ة � ب ب � � �ة��و ب� �و��سةم�� � � ��و ب� �و�ل���د �م�ا ���ط�و�� ا�ام�� �� ا�م�� حة�ب�ً�د ا �مر��� �ب�ا ��ة� ا �مب���� ا ��ة� �ور����ا �ة��ا � او د ب� ح��ل ة ة ب ة ة � ب ا ب � ة ب ا��ة ة � ب � � ة � ا � ة �ة ة �� � � � ا ا � � � � � ا� �م ار ��� ا�م�لك � او �ع ��ط�� ا�م�� ��و ب� �ل�د �ل�ك ا �ل�د �وك �� � ح�د � �م��� ا�م�� ��و ب� �و �س���م� ا �ة� �ة� � ة ة � � ب ب � �� ة � �ة � � � ب ة � � ب ا�ا ا � �� ���س � � �ل ا � � � � ح ة� ا ��ة� �ور����ا �ة��ا �وركب��� �ة� �مو بحة�� �و م� ح�ةس م���� ء ة��ل ة �م� ��� ��مة� �ب� �ة� ر ��ة��� ا ��ة� ع � � ب � � � ��ا �ب ا � �ب � �ا ا ا � ة �ة ح��ل ة �م ا ���ة ا�ام��ل�ك �م ب ب��ة�ر �م�ا �بل� �ل�ا ب� ا �ل � �� �ا � �ا � د ب� � ار ��س ك�� ل�و عرم�و�ة� م� �س���م ة� س ور � ة� و � � �رة ع � � � �� ا ب ة ا �ب ب ة ة �و���س ا ��ل��د �ة� �مرد ل� � � ����� ا �� � ��ر�ه� �و�ل�ا ب� �م ار ��� ا�ام��ل�ك �ل�ا ب� ح��ل �م�د ا را ة� �ل��ل�ك ا � �لو�� ح��ل ����ل م ة ة م �ة� � ة م ب � ب � � ب� � ���ب�� ب� �م�ا ا � �و�ل. ح��د � ���د �ة� عس ا �ل�د � ب � ب � ب ����ة � ب ا ا� ة ب ب� � ب � ا بة �� ة� د ا � ح��ل ا ��� �م ار �ة� ���� �ل� �عس د �ل��ك ا �ل��د �وك ��د �ل�و�ة� ���لة��� �و�ه�و ب ة �سم����ة� ��ة� ��ل�م� ا ���� ة � ة ا��ة ب ا ب ��ة � ا ب����� د ا ب� ا ��� ا �ب � ا ة � � ة � ة� ب ���ا ��ل��ة ا ب��ل ����� ا�م�� ��و ب� �� � ��و ة ح��ل � ح��د ا�ام�� ��و ب� �م ار �ة� �ل�م� راة����� ع�م�ل� �ل�� �م��ة� � او �ع ��ة ا� �ة �ة �ب�ا ��ة��ب ا �� ّ � ا �ب��س ب �م ب ���د �� � �ة � ا ��� �ة � ا ��ل ����سم� ا�ا� ة م�ة��د� �ه ب��ا � ا � � � م� � � � ك � � � � � � و و � وب س ة ة و رب ة� رب ة� رة ة وع 126
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Chapter Ten
The beds were covered with blankets during the winter months, and thin 10.38 white cotton felt in the summer. A prie-dieu sat by the bed with an icon and crucifix before it, for prayer. Each bed had three mattresses, and everyone received two fresh, clean quilts and a clean nightgown. In the morning, all would go to a church located by the inn and attend mass. By the time they returned, a breakfast of soft bread, cheese, and sweet wine would have been prepared for them. Following breakfast, they’d climb into the coach and set off again. They’d stop for lunch, dinner, and an overnight stay as previously described; this routine would continue until they arrived at Lyon. The journey, which ordinarily took twenty days, passed in ten. When I arrived at the way station, I registered my name on the passenger 10.39 list and paid for a fare. It happened to be a Tuesday, and the usual departure day was Thursday. I was advised to spend Wednesday night there, as the coach would depart before dawn the next morning. Having written my name on the list of passengers traveling on the exterior of the carriage, I then went to visit His Excellency the nobleman, and told him I’d left my master and purchased a fare on the diligence. “Why were you in such a hurry? You should have come to see me first,” the nobleman said. “Ah well, that’s quite all right.” He summoned his clerk and ordered him to compose a letter to a duke at 10.40 the king’s palace in Versailles, asking him to have an edict drawn up according to the stipulations in the letter. He folded the letter, sealed it, and ordered me to go to Versailles and deliver it to the duke. I took the letter and left, but decided to wait until the evening to set off for Versailles, as I didn’t want my master to learn of my visit. When evening came, I took a coach to Versailles and was duly admitted to the royal palace. The guards recognized me from the time I’d spent eight days there, when we were displaying the animals I mentioned previously, so no one prevented me from entering. Once inside, I inquired as to the whereabouts of the duke and was taken to 10.41 a room within the palace, where I found him pacing. I bowed before him and handed him the letter. The duke read it by candlelight, then turned to greet me cordially. “Follow me!” he said.
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127
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� � � ب �ب ب �ة � ب ا �� ��� �� � ��� ة�� ا ة����س ب� �ب�م ب ��ة�� ة� ������ ا ��� ا�ا ك� م��ا � ا �ل��د �ة� �ة��� ب��ة� ك � �� ب� �� او ا � �ل�ر�م�ا �ب�ا ة� � او � او �مرا�ام��ل�ك �ب� � ك�ل م م ��ة� ب �ة� ة � � ب� � ب � �ا ب � ب � ��بة���� . ح�ل�� � ��� حة�ب�ً�د د ��� �ل�ه ب��د� ر��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� �و�ه�و � ك� م��ا ب� �م��ة���� �ود ا � ����ة�ر �م بس ا � ك م�� � ا ع��ة� ةس ع ة ة � ا� ة � ا� ب ب � ا ��ة ب� �بر�م�ا ب� ��� �م�و ب� �� ���ا ب� �و �ر�� �ل�� ا�م�� � ��و ب� � او �مر� �ب�ا � �ة ك رة���س ا � ��� ح ب� �م� �ه�و �م� ��مر ��ة� ة ة� ��ة ب ب � �ب ب ا�ام�� ��و ب� �ب����د �م�ا ا �مر� �ب��د �ل��ك ةلر�����ة� �و�م����. ة � � ب ا �ب � ا ة ب ب � ا ب� ا ب � ا �م�ا ا �ب�ا �ب�ا � ة �س��ة��م ة� ا ���ة��ب ب� ���� ا �� ب�ل� �م�ا ب� �ب�مو�ة��ب� ة� � و �� ��ة� ح���� ��ط�ة�ول�ل�� � او �� �ة� ا �ل������� ��ط� ر ب ر ر ة � � � ب � ب �ة ا ب ب ة ة ب ب ب ب � ب � ���ا ب� ا�ام�د ل���ور �و����ا �ل ��� �م�ا د ا ةل �ر��د ��ا ب� حب�ة��� ا ��ة� ب������ ب��ا ا � �ل�ر�م�ا � ��ا �ب�����س� �و �� �م� د ا رة���س ا � ��� ة م ة� ة � ب � ب �ب ب ب ب ب ��� ا ��س�م�� ���لة��� �ك����ا �ة��� ا ة��مة��ا ب��ة��ة�� ���د ا �ة�لهة��د ك ا � �ل�ر�م�ا � �م بس ��ة�ر ا �ب�� ة��ة���ر��س ���� ا�ام��ل�ك � �وة�ب� ة ع م ا ��ل�ا�م ب���ة��� �ةل� � ا ��لة�ب��� ب ب��ة����ة�ر د �ةل� ا ب� � �و�ة��ة��� ب�� ب��مة�� ا �� ب�ل� �م�ا �ب�ا ة� ��� ا�ا�م��ل�ك ب��ا ��ل�� بد �� ب��ة�ب�ه � حب��� ة ر �ة� وم ةس و ب رس ع ر �ة� ب ة � �� � ة ��ل�� � ��� ة� � د ا �كة ة� ��ب ّ ا ��ل��د ب����ا ا � � ب � � ب���� ب�ة�� ���سب��� � او ��ل�� بد �� �م�ا ب ةبه � حب��� �ب�ة��������� ��ل�م� س�م��� �م��� ����ل ك�� م ب � و ة� ة ة ة �� �ب � � ب ب ب ب ة ب ة ب � ا ا � � ب ب ة ل ة ة ا ة � ا ���ر�ة� �و�ل� �ب��د ��� ا ��� ا ���� �ر �ة �لو� �مة���� �ر ب� � �و��د �م� �ل� ب� ���� ا � ل ح��ل ا ��ة� ا ��سم ل ��ر��� �و�ب�� ح� س ة ة م ة � � ب ا �� ا ا ب � ة �ب ا �ة � � ا �ةل� � ة ب� ة ب ا ا� ا ا ��� ا � ا � �ة � ة � �مر �� �ود � م ح�ل� �ة� ���� رة� ����ة��� �و�م� �ه�� ك �و�م� ب � ����ج �لو ب � ح�� ا �ة� � �� ب س �� ة ج � ب � ب ة ا� ة �مر� ا �ل��م�ة�ر. �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هرة���س ا �ة� �ع��د ح� ��ة �� ب �ل ا ا �ب ا ��ل ب � ا �ب � ة ا �� � ا � ا �ب ا � ة � �ب حة � � � ل ا � � ع �� �م� ر ة� ���� ��� ���ل ة� رح� ة� ور���� �ة�� � بحب��� ه �� ة� ا�ام�� ��و ب� � � و ر ة ة م ��ة���ل�� ��ا ��ل�� بد �� ���ا � ا ب� ا �� ب�ل� �م�ا ب� �م�ا ��� ���ط��ل� ا ��ل�ا �� �� � ا ��لة�ب��� ب � �ب � � � � � ةس � او �ب�ا �ة �لو� ح� ك رو �ل�د �ل�ك ا �ل�د �وك � او � ة ب ة ر م ب ة ع ة وم � � �ة ب � ا � ب ا ا �ب ب� �ة � ا �ب ا �� ا �مب� �� ا ��بل � �س���لة��ا � او �ب�ا ب�ل���د ك� � ا � � � � ل � � � � �� م � � � � �� م م � ل �� � � � ���ا �م �ة �لو�م لبر�����ل�ك � � ر � � � ر ة� ة ب س ة� ة ر ة ة سب م ة � �ة ا ب �ة � �ب � ب � ب ا ا ة � � � � � ا � ب�ل�ر�م�ا ب� �و� ك� ��ور ا �ة�� ر ب �ة� � او �مر� �ب� ��� �ة� ��و ب� �م� ��و ب� م��ا �ة�ة�� ب� ا � ��و��� ة� � 1او �مر �ة� ح� � ا ��� �����ا ���ب��د �م ��س���ل��ا � �ه� ا ��ل�� بد �� ����ة����ا ���ط�� ��ب ا �م� ة� ا � � ة � ب ب ا �� ر ا �ل��مر�� ا �ل��دةلس ب��ة��ة�� ب�ر� او ة� ة� ور ب ب ر ر ة ة و و ة بة � ب � � �����د � ا �ب��ل� د. � ة � � ب � � ب اة ح�� ب � او �مر� ��ب� ا�ام�� � ��و ب� �ب�ا � ة��ب ���ة� ����ل ��ل�� � �ع ب��د ك ا ��ة� � ةس �م�ا �ة�����ل �ل��ك ��� ا �ل�و�ل� �� ة � م �ةة � �� ة ا �� ب ب �ب �� � � ة � � ع ا � �� ة � ب ة � ل � ا ب ب ا � ب�ل�ر�م�ا � �و�ل�� �� ���� �مس �ة��د ك �م�� ��و ب� ب �مة�� ��� � �مرا �ل�� �����ةس �ة� �ب�ل د ا �ل��مر�ة�� �و م���م� �ط�ل ب� ة ع � � � � ب طو� � �وة�ا ب� ح��د � او �م ب��� �و� ��و�ل � او ة� ���س �م�ا ا �ود �ع ب��د �ه� ةلر�����ل�و� طو� �م بس ا �ل��د را �ه� ة�ل�� �� � ��� ة�ل�� �� � �م � م م م ع ة ب ة بً � � حب �ة��و ب� ا ��� � �س���لة��ا � ���ا ا �مر� ��� ك� ��� ب� �م�� �مر�ة ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ح ة� �ة��د ا ��ل �����ا � ب��ب��د ر � او � � � � � � ة ا �ة� �مر� ة �ة ة ة� � � ب ��� �� �ةل ���ا � �ب ّ � �� ���ط��ل� �� �ب �م�ا ب �م ب ا ��ل ب ل �ةل ���ا � ب �ل �ب ��مة�� � ك� ح��ا � ا �ب��ل�� د ة� ر � س �ورةر �و ة� ��ة� ا ��م �� ب �ول �و ة� �ة� و ة م ع ع ة بّ � �لو���ا �ة� ��ة�. ف أ ف�ف حت « ����� 1ا �لت�� �ص�ا � » ف����ل��ت ش �ر ف� �� �ص� فس �ع ف���� ه. �ص�����طو�ف��ت �ت� ال��ص�ل: و ت� ف
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Chapter Ten
We went to the place where the king’s edicts and orders are drawn up. It was a large room full of scribes. Summoning the chief scribe over, the duke read him the letter and ordered him to draw up a corresponding edict, and took his leave. I remained there, waiting for the completion of the edict. Time passed. 10.42 Finally, the chief scribe came back to see me. “Can I help you?” “I’m waiting for the edict,” I replied. “And what use is the edict to you before it is presented to the king for authorization?” the man said, smiling. “When will that happen?” I asked him. “Monday,” he said. “That’s when the council meets and edicts are presented to the king. Those he approves receive the royal seal, and the rest are shredded.” Upon hearing these words, I felt the world crowding in on my miserable self! I regretted my decision to reserve a stagecoach ticket, for I now had no choice but to depart Paris on Thursday. Leaving the palace, I checked in to an inn, where I had dinner and spent the night. The next morning, I returned to Paris to see His Excellency the nobleman. “Did you go to Versailles?” he asked when he saw me.
10.43
“I did, and I delivered the letter to the duke,” I said, recounting what had happened at the palace, and how the edict would not be issued until next Monday even though I was due to depart on Thursday. “Not to worry,” the nobleman said. “Go to Marseille, and I’ll send you the edict and your letters of recommendation in a few days.” He summoned his clerk and told him to draw up a letter to the chief merchant of Marseille who oversaw the affairs of those merchants involved in trade with the lands of the East. “Lodge this young man with you until such time as you receive an edict 10.44 via express courier,” the letter read. “In addition, provide him with a letter in your own hand, introducing him to all of the consuls residing in Oriental lands and asking them to grant him any sum of money he requests, in exchange for receipts. Furthermore, whatever goods he entrusts to them should be forwarded to the chief merchant of Marseille.” The nobleman then ordered the clerk to compose a letter of introduction to His Excellency the French ambassador in Istanbul, requesting that he secure an edict for me from the vizier recommending me to all the local governors.40
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بً � ���� ة ا ب ح ة �م ب �ع ب��د� � ا ب م��ا �ة���� � �م ب � ح�ة�را �ود �عب��� �و ب�ر ب� ح��د ة� � ح��د ة� ا�ا ك� ا � � � � او � � � � � � و و � ة ة و س ب ب ة ة� ة ً �ب � � ب � ب � � ب �� ��ل ة � ب � ب ��ل ح�ة�را ر� ��� ا ��� ر��� � ك� م��ا � ا �ل��د �ةلب�س�ا �����ا .ا ب� ح ة� �ود �ع ة� ا�ام���ا ر�� مس ع��د ا ب �ة را � �و � �م � م ة ة س � �ة � ب ة �� � � � ة �ب � � � ب �ا ب ���د �ة�ا � �م ب ب��م��لة �وا ب� ��س�و�ل� ك ��� �م ب� �مر� ا � ل � او �ل�� ���ا حة�� ح� ح�� ل��رة � ��ة�� ة� �ود �ع ة� �� ���ردة�� ب��ا �ل و � س م �ا ب ب �ب � �ة ا �� ا ب� � ب ب ا ة � � ح�� بر�م�ا ر��ا ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ه�و ة��ا ���� ب ��� ا ��م ب� ا � � م� � � � � � � � � �� ��و�ل ���ل�م� �ود �ع��� ا �ع ��ط� ��ة� � و ب ة� و و ب س ة ة � �� � ب � ب � ��� � � �لب ����ل� ة ا �� �لة��د �� ب ب �و�وب ���ة ��بهة��� �وك� ح��ل ��� ��� ب� � � � ح ��م ه ط � � � ح ب��ا ب� �ود ل�ر �ل�� �ب�ا � �ة��ل�و� ب ر و س و ة ر ة ة ب �م � ��� ّ �. ��ب� ر ب ة ة� ب ح� ب ���د ا �م�ا ة�� ا ���� ا ب� ����ا �ب ة� �م بس �م�دة�� ب���ة �ب��هر��� � او �ةل�و ب� ���ا ا ���ة� �م�دة�� ب��� �ة��و ب� �و ��ة� �ةل�و� ر م ة ةس م ب ة ا� ب�� ب ا ة �� � ة ا �� � � ة ا ة ب ب � � ط ا ا ��ل���ا ���م �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� �م�دة����� ا�م�د ل��ور� ب�ل��� �ة�� � س ��ر��� ��� ا � �ل�� ��ر ب� حة��� ��� �و�مس �ه�� ك ا ��سم ل ر ة � ة ع � اب � � ب � ب ط ا �� � ���� ب�� �� ا ا �� ب�ل� د ا �ة ة ب ا ا ا ا � �ب ب �س���لة�� بلس�م ب ر� ا �ل�دةلس �ب�ة������ �ر� او ا �ة� �مر� ة حة���س �ل�� �����م �ع ار �ب� �� � �� �و ل بو ة و ر س ب �� ة � ا ة �ة ب ب �� ��� ��ب� ة� ا �� ب�ل��ة ح��ل�� �ب�م �ة� ا �� ب�ل� د ا ة� ل ا � � �ب�م �ة���ا � �ب������ س � � � ا � � ك � ل� � � � �س� � � ح� د بر ح�� عة��سم�� �مس ��ة�ر ر و و� و � ب ب ة س س و ر ب � � ب ب � ة � ب ب � ب ة �ةل�� ب� ���ر�ل�ة� �وك� ��� او �ةو�� ب��ا �م� او ��ة� ��ة�ر���ا �وك�� ة� ���ا � �ل او ا �ل��د ��ر ة��ة����د � او ��ة� ا �����ر�ة�� � او�ام����ا ة����� � � ة ة ��� �� ���� �� ��� ����ة�� � �� ب��� �ه� ا ��ل�� بد � �م�ا ب����ةهة�ب�� � ب ��م��� ا �ب ا د � ��ل�ا �ةل��� � ����ا � ا � ل � ك � �� ب� � � � � ة ة� ة ل ر و ا � ة � �م �ة� ة � م و ر م ة ب بوة و ة ة � ة ب � �ة�� � ب ح�ة ا �ب��� �ا�م�ا ح��د �م��ة د � او ���� �وة��م�ا ر�ه� � � �و��� ب��ا � �م او ��ب� ب� ح��دا � ا �ل�ا�����ةر��� ب��ة�� ��ب �� او ��ة� ب� � � و � � و ب � بة ة ة م ة م م م � ب � ا ة �� ب � � ا ���د �ب�لو��ه ��ب� ا ��ل�� ا ��ا �ب�� �وك�� س � �� � � � � � � � � � � ���ل �ع �ر�ا �ب�� � � � � � � ا ا ا � � �س� � ب� ب��ة ب � � بة رب � م ة رب �و د و ب����م مس �ل� �ب���ل بو ة ب ج ج ب � � � ب � ة ا �� � ��ب� ة� ا �ةل�� �����ا ح���ا ح��� ��ل�ا ب���ر � �و�ل�ا ��� ب��ة�� ط�س �ة��ة�ر ك� � � � � ��� �ب بر ��ة� ا �����ر�ل�ة� � او � ب�ل � � ا ا ل � م د � ح� � ل � � ب �ب � و ر ة ة س ة ة� م ع ��� .ا�ا��م ا د �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� �م ��س���ل��ا �لب���ا ���ة ا ���� ب ���� بل� ��و��ب� ��ة � ��� � � ا � ���ا. ة� ر ة ة ب ة �� ا ك�ل ر ���م �و م� ك ة ب���ل�م�ا � ����ل ة� ��ا ��ل����ل���م�� بل ب ��ل ة� ��ب ا �����ة �� ة� ا ��ل ��ة � ب��� ��ا بل ب �� ب��ا ب����ا ا �ب�ا � ������ل�م �ا�م�ا ����ا �ب �ب�ا ر و و ر ة� ة� � ب ة� ر رة ة� � � � ب ة ة ة ب ا ب ّ ب ة � ة ا ا ��� �ب��هر��� ��ا �����ر� م��ا � �ل��ل�م ب��ا �م�� �و�ل���د ����ا ��� ح��� ا �ل������ر��� � او �ع ���م�� � ك� حب�� ��ة� ��� � ب ة ةس ب ة ة � � ة �� ب � � � � ب � � � ب ة ة ة ة � ب ب ا ا ب ب � � � � � � � � � �مس �و���و�ة� م� �و�ل له��د ا �ل���� � ب����د ر �ل�م� ا �م���ل� ��ة��� ا �ة� ب��ة��� ا �لب���د ر �و ��ط�لب�� ا �ل�د � ب ب � ة ة �ة � �ب � ة ة ��� � � ا � � .ب ب ب ا � ��و ب� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �����س ��ة��� �م�� حة��ً�د ������س ����ة� ��د �مة��� � او ���� رح ب� �ة� ا �م� �م�� ا �ع ��ة ور �� ا � ب ا � ا ب� �ًا ة � ا ب � ب ة � ا ���ا ��ة� �� ��ا ب� ا � �لةه���ك �ع ب��د �� ا �� � ب �و�ع�م���� ا ل�ر م ر ة��د .ح�ة ر ����� ب� � ح� ة ة� �مر� ا �ل��م�ة�ر ك� ب ة� ب ب ة ح��ةس ا ب �ب �ة ا ة � � � ب ا ب ب اة � � �ة � ب ة � ا ب � � � � � � � � ا ا � � �مر �مك� و��� ة� �ة� م� ��وب� ���د . ���ك �م�� ��و ب� �لله�� � �م� لةر�����ل �ل�ك ا � �ل�ر�م� � � او �� ب�ل�� �� ة با ب ب � ة ب � ب � � � اب ب � � او �� ك� ���ا � ��� ب��� �ب�ا � ا � ب�ل�ر�م�ا � �و����ل �ب���ل �و���و��� ا ��ة� �مر� �س� �س���لة��ا �ل�� ��ة� ك����ل ا � ب � و ة ة ة � ع � � � ة ب ب � ة ب ب��ة����� ا �و�ل�ا �ة� ب��م�� بر�ل ا ��� �م ��س���لة��ا� .و�كة���د � ��و������ �و�ل�ا ب� ح���ة�� ة� �ب�ا � �م����ا �ل ��ة� ��ا �� � ة ر ة ةً ح��ل ل 130
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Chapter Ten
He bid me farewell and I left with the letters, returning home to pick up my 10.45 things from the neighbors’ house. I dropped them off with the proprietor of the way station, then went to say goodbye to all my friends and acquaintances. Among them was khawājah Christofalo, the second-in-command to His Holiness the cardinal, who gave me a letter to take to his brother, khawājah Zamāriyā, who lived in Istanbul. He was the syndic of Jerusalem, appointed by the sultan himself, and was a man of very high rank. Khawājah Christofalo asked his brother to keep an eye out for me. That was how I spent my remaining hours in Paris before setting off for the 10.46 city of Lyon. After a ten-day journey, we arrived safe and sound. I then booked passage on one of the cheap coaches that travel between Lyon and Marseille. They were long carriages with bales of goods piled on top of them, pulled by six cart horses. I stretched out on the bales in utmost comfort, happily spared from the aches and pains of travel! We’d stop at noon for lunch at one inn, and at another for dinner and the overnight stay. I complimented my fellow travelers on this way of life of theirs—effortless journeys that didn’t require carrying a heavy load or suffering any fatigue, during which they ate good food and slept in soft beds. The servants at the inn took care of looking after and feeding the horses, even bringing them out of the stables in the morning and hitching them up to the carriage. A single coachman was responsible for driving the carriage, and nobody had any fear of danger on the roads. I dined with the passengers each night, and no one charged me for my supper. We made our way to Marseille in this fashion, traveling in the greatest of ease. After our safe arrival, I checked in to the same inn where my master and I 10.47 had stayed on our way to Paris. The proprietress of the inn welcomed me and gave me a place to sleep, and after an hour I went to the chamber of commerce and asked to see the chief merchant. I presented myself to him and gave him the nobleman’s letter, which he opened and read. Then he jumped to his feet and greeted me most cordially. “His Highness the nobleman has asked me to have you stay at my home until he sends you the edict,” the merchant said. “I’ll also provide you with a letter of introduction to the consuls, as he requests in this letter.” Now, I’d assumed that the edict would have reached Marseille before me, 10.48 because the postal horses arrived in the city once a week. It was then that
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131
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ب �س�ة� �ع ب��د ا ��ل � �ا �� ب��د �ل� ة���لة����� ا �ب�ا بل ب ��ل ة �ب ا �� ��ة ��� ����ة��س� �ا ل�ة ���د ا �م�ا رد ة� ا � ة � � � ه � ل ب � ��� م �� � � � � � � ب ب ر ر ر � � ب ر ب ة ل � ةس ة ة ة م �ب� ب � �ب � ب ب � ب � ة ب ب � � � � � �و�ام�ا ب��ة�����ل�ك ا � ب�ل�ر�م�ا � ا ر�����ل ا د �ع�و��ة� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ك ���ة��� ��� ة ����ك ر بح� مس ع��د� ة� ة� � ب � ا با � ب ب ��� ��ر ة� ك�� �ب ا ة� ��� ��� د �ة�لبهة��د ا � ب��د � � �وة��د ل� ��ل�� � � ار � ب�لب���ة�ر ��مر � او ة�� ب��د �م ة� ���� �م�ا ������ل ة� �و� ل �س� �و �� � ل س س ة� م م ب ة � � ������ل��م� �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ة� ����و�� ة�� ب��د � . م ة ��ب ة ة ة ب �� � ا �� � ا � ب ا� ب ا ا� ب� ب �� � ب ة �� ب ا ل � � ��� ا � � � � � ا �ل � �س�و �م� �و����ل �م� رل م� ح� ا � �� � � � �س���م� ��� ا �� ��ة��� ا �ة� �و لس � ب ةس و و ر ب ة� ة� ب� ع ب � ب� ح�ا �ة� �م�ا �و����لب��� �م ب��� ب� �ع ب��د ا �ل �����ا ب�� ب��د ر �و����ا �ة��� ����ل �و����ل�� ب� حب��ر �م بس د �ل��ك ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر ب��ا ب� حب��ر ة � �ة �ب ب � ا ب ب ب ة �ة��و ب�� . �و�ل�ا �م�� �� �ر ة� �ب�ا � ا ر�����ل�� �م�� ��و ب� �و���ل�� ����ل ��� د لةر�����ل ا � �ل�ر�م�ا � ا � �ل� �رد حة�ب�ً�د ا ��ة ل م � ب ب � ب ��ب �ة �� � ا � ب �����ة�س � ب ب ��� ّ ا ب��ل ح ب� ��ة ��� �م�ا �و����ل�ك ا � �ل�ر�م�ا � ا �ل��د �ة� ك�� ة� �� �وا ب� ب��م�� ��و ب� �مس �ة��د� �ود ا ل�ر ب� �ة� ب �ة� ب � � ة ب ة ة ط�س ا ح��د �م ب ا � �س���لة��ا � او �ع ب��ا �� �ع بس ا ���سم�� ��د ر� ��� ����� ���لة��� ا ر�����لة��� ��� �� ب �ة� ا �ة� �مر� ة ع � او � س ة � �ب ا ة � ب � � ��ب �م ��س���ل��ا � ا � ة �ة ة � ا � � �س� � ا �ل� ا � � �ب ا ب �ل����ة� ا را � �م� را ��ة� �ل�� د ل�ر ة� ر ة ة و �س���م� �� �ل� ا � ب �وع ور بع ب �س�وع �م� �ب�ة�س ة ة ب � �ة� ة ��ا ب � �ا ��ل�ة ح��د� . ���د ا ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �م�ا ��ه� � حة�ب�ً�د � ح�ة � � � ا� ح ة� ب� � حب��ر. م�� � � � � ب � ة ة ع � ة� �ا �ة � �ة ة ح��ل �م����ل�� ا �م�ة�ر �ب�ا �ب�� �و�ام�ا �� ��ل � �و��� ر ��� ر ب� ط�� ة� ا �ل��ة�ا ��س �م ب��� ���ب�� ة� �ل�� �م�� ��و ب� � �لوة� ب� ة� ب ة � با ة � ا � �ب � ب � �ب ب ا � ب ا �� �� ب بج �� ب � � � � ���� � � ا ل � ��� ا ا ل ه �ة�ل�����لب��� �م بس ������ل��م� � بو��ة����ة ر �ة� � �� ل � د �� � � � � د � � ل بر �ة ة ح� ��ة ب� مس ���ر��ة�س س ة ة � ة ا� �ة � �� � ة �م ب � ا �� ب ا ا � ا ��بل � ا � ا � � م� ��و ب� و���ل� س ب� ة� ���د �ل� مر. ��ة�ر�ة� و ر����ل� � ة � � ة ب ب � �ب ب ة ة ة ا �� ة �و ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � ا ��ة� �م بس �م�دة�� ب��� �ب��هر���س ر ب� ح��ل �� لبر ���ر�ةل�� �ولر�ل �ة� ا �����ر��ة� ل��ة� ة م ب ا ب � � ب ة � ب ا ب � ب ب ة � ا ا ا� �� ��ب ��ب ة ا �ة �ا �م ا �ب�ا � ��ا � �بك �ا ��ل ب � ا ب � � � � � � � � �� � ا � �ل � ا ا � ��� ���� � ع م � ك � � د د � � � � �� �� � � � � م � �ة� س ب ل ة� و ة � ر وة رل ة ر ة� ة �وم س � �ل ة م � �ب � � ة ���� �ع ب ����� ��م ح�� ة����سم�ا ح�� �و�ه�وا ��ب� ب� ح�� حة� ة� ��� ���ا � �ة�د �و�م�ة� ا ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا � ب��ل�� د �ب�ا � ك ك ع ر ب� ل ة ة�� ل س ب ب� ب ة ة ة � ب � ة � �� ��ب ا � �م ب���� ة ������ ا �� ��ه � � ������ة����� � �ل�� ة ب� �لو�ل �ل�وك� ���ا ��س � 1م بس ���� اوج� ا�ام��ل�ك �و�ة � �ة� � ة � �ة� ب � رة��س و ة ل ب ����ة� ب � ا � ب ا �� ب ب � ا � ب � ب ب �� ب � بل ب� � ا ب� ب� ب ح�ة� �م بس �ع ب��د ������ل��م� �و�ة��� �مس ا �و����� ا �ة� ا �ر��� �و�ة��� ا � ا �ل��م�ة�ر ا � �ل��ل� �ة� ��و �ة� و ر ة ب � ا� ب � ب � ة ب �ب � ب ة � ا ب ���د �ك ة� �ة�ا ا ��ة� �و� ل ا �ب�� �ر�م ب� �لو���د� ����ه� ���ة���� � ���س ح� �مر� ا �ل��م�ة�ر �م� �ل�� د�� ب� ا �ل��د�� ب� ا ��ة� ة ة ح�� � ا ��م � ب ة ب ا �� � � � ار � �وة�� ��ة ��� ��م ة�. �����ل�م�ك � او �� ب �ة���لك �ب� ب أ كا ��س. 1ال��ص�ل� :فو�ل��لو �
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Chapter Ten
I began to suspect that my plan was falling apart, so I decided not to stay with the chief merchant. “I’m staying at an inn called Petit Paris,” I told him. “When the edict arrives, let me know and I’ll return.” “As you wish.” I stumbled out the door as though I were drunk, though I hadn’t had a sip of wine! I regretted what I’d done, but it was too late now. At that moment, I remembered my master telling me, “You’ll be sorry!” I waited until the following week, afraid yet hopeful that my luck would 10.49 change. When the post arrived, I went to see the chief merchant. “Have you received any news from the nobleman?” “No news, and no letters either,” he replied. It occurred to me then to send the nobleman a letter myself, asking him if he was going to send me the edict or not. This I did, and he soon responded with a letter in his own hand. “I’m surprised that you never received the edict,” it read. “I sent it to Marseille with one of my friends,” and gave the name of the individual. I set about looking for the man, hoping to find a trace of him somewhere in Marseille, but my search turned up nothing. A third week passed with no sign of him, then a fourth. Finally, I came to the conclusion that my arrangement with the nobleman had fallen apart. My hopes dashed, I wrote a reproachful letter in response, heaping shame 10.50 on such a man—some nobleman!—who conspired to separate me from my master, dooming us both to failure. And yet, as it would turn out, this was all for my own good, and part of God’s plan. I sent the letter and put the whole affair out of my mind. It was around that time that a traveler arrived from Paris and checked in 10.51 to the inn where I was staying. One day, while we were chatting, he asked me where I was from and how I’d come to this country. So I explained how I’d come to France with a man named Paul Lucas, who was one of the king’s explorers. I told him how I’d gone to Paris with him, and recounted my story from beginning to end, including my encounter with the nobleman who deceived me and led me to leave my master, and eventually broke the promise he’d made. “What you’ve said is all true, brother,” the man said, “but His Excellency the nobleman isn’t to blame. The fault rests with your master. Let me tell you how this story came to an end.
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
�ب ا �� � � � ا �� � ب � �� ة � ا ب�اب حة���ا ا ��ل�� بد � ك� ب ب ح�� ��س��ا � ���ا � لةر�ورك ه�و ل�د ة� � ��ا �ل�� ة ر ة� ��و�� ا �ل��م�ة�ر �ة� ا ر���� �ل�ك ا �ة� ا �ل ة ب � ب ة ب ب ب ��ة � ة� ة �ة�� � � ا�ب � ��س � � ة� �ة ة � ا ب � � �ل � � � � � ا ب � � ح� للب������ �ل� � �م بل��ل ح ��� ب� � ��� �م�ك ب�ةرة��د ة� � ح�د �ل��ك �و ���ة ����� � �ر�� ك�� ب� ا �ل�� بر��ة� ب ا �� ب� بًا � � ة ب � ة ع ب � �ة � ا � �ب ب ���د � ا �� ب ���� �ب ب � ا � � � � � � م � � � � ا ا ل � م ل �د� � ���د � � � � � � � م � �� ل � � � � �و�� �ة��ل� � �ل��ل� ل � � � �و � و ب و و� ة ر ة� وة س ة ب � ا � ا � ة �ة � ب ب � � �ا � ة �ا ا ر����ا �ل��ك �و�ام�ا �� ا �ل��مر � او �ل��م�ة�ر ا ر�����ل�ك ا �ة� �ور���� �ة�� ح�ة� �ة�� ��و ب� �ل��ك �ر�م�ا � �م بس ا�ام��ل�ك م � ة �ة � ب � � � ا ب� ح�� �م ب ا � ط�س ��ا ب� ������ل�م��ك � او � �� ���مب� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� را ء ك ر ب� ��� �م�� ��و ب� ا ��ة� ح�� �ل�� �ب� ��ك ا �ع ��ة ل س ة ة �ة �� ب ب � ب �� ب � ح�ة �ة� �������ل� ��ل��ك �ب �م�ا ب� �م ب ���ا � � � � � � ا � � � � ا ا � � ا � � � � � � � � د � د ل � س ر ��ل � وك و ة � � وك و بح���ك ع رة��س ب ة� ةع ا� � � ة ا ب � � ا ح�� ��س��ا � ة ح���ك. ا�م�لك � �لو��� �ة� �ة��ك �ل� ب� ل ة ب �ب ب � ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ������ل�م��ك ���د ا ا �ل �ب��ر ��مب���� ا ���� �ور����ا ��ة��ا �ل�ه ب��د بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل��د �وك � او ����ة بس �ب��ر �م ب��� ة ة ع � �ةه �ة �ة ا � ا� �ب ا ب� ��� �ل � � ا ا ب ب � � ب ���� ��بهة � �ع ب ا�ا�م�� � � �ه ا ��ل ا � � �ب�مب � ��س�� ح� ح ة��� �ل� مر � ح� �مر �� �م�ك ب�م� � ���د و ة �� ��د لك و �ة� ة ��ة� ة � � � � �� � ة ا �� � � ة ا� ا � ��ا ��ل �ع ب��د � ��ب� ا ��ل حب� �س��د �ة� ����ل��م ا �مرك ا �ة� �مر� ا �ل��م�ة�ر �و�و ��ة� ��لة��ك �ب �ل��و�ل�� �ل�� �ب� �ل�ك �ة� � ة ة � � � ب � ب ة ا ا ة � ب ب ب � ا ا ا � � � ب �م��ب ���� � �مو ب� ا ح ب� ا �مرك �ة� � ا � ا �ل � � �� ب � لس ل � ا � د �م�� ح�د �مس ا � �له ب�� � �مر و ح� �ل ���د �ل�� و�ل�د ��مر� ح�ة ��ةس بة س ة� � ًا ��بل � ب � � ��ا ���رك ا �ب�ا ب�� ب��و ب� �ع ب��� �م�ا �ل �و�ةل�����ة� ��ة� �ب�ل�� د� �و�م�ا ب��ة����ود �ة����ة�ر �ل��ك ���ة��د ر� ���لة��� � او ل��را �م� ب � ب ب �و ب� ح��د �م�� � او � ��� �م�ا ب� ح ب�ة��ة��� لبر�����ل�ك �ه�و ���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر �م بس ������ل�م��ك ���د ا ���د �م��ك ����ل ب� ة س ع � � � ا �� ك� ���ل�� � �ةلب���ة�ر �ع�ة���ل�� �و�و ب� ح�� �ل�� �ب�ا �ب�� ة�����و� ���� ��ة�������. م ج ة �ب ا � اب � � � � � �ل ا �� � � �ب حة � � � �و � ���� ا � �د� � � � � ل ل � � ح ح � م � �م � � � � � م ب � �����د ا ��� ر �ل� � ب�ل���د �و���و��ة� ا ��ة� ب ب و ل �ة� ة� ب و � � � ة ب ة ا� � �����ل�م ة ���ل � � � ب �مة � �ل�ه ب�د �ب ا � � �ة��ب� ة �ب � ا � � حب��� � او ل��ر�مة��� ��� �ة�� ا �ل� ل��را �م � �وب�ا ة� �ل��ل�ك و � ة�� وعر �� � � وو � �ة� و ب � ب� ة ب ب � ب ب ��س��ا ح��ل ب ا �ل��لة���ل�� �ع ب��د �ب�ا �و �ر���� ة� �ل�� �ر������ ��ة� ���ةلم�ة� �ب����د �م�ا �م ب� � ا ا �و��� � �وب�لة�ة� ة� ا �ب�ا � او �ة�ا � ب� ��و � ة ة �� �ب ا � ب � ا ا � ��� ة � ب� � �ب ا �ة�ب ا �ة � � � ا � ة � ب اة ب ب ة ا �ب ا ���� حب� ر �ة� ل�� �ة� � �������� �مر ���� ر ة�ل��� ��ب����ة� �ة�� �ة� م� ع ة ع ا �ل��م�ة�ر ح�ة� ا م���ة� ب ا �� ا ��ل ا � � � �ة ���د ا ا �ب �لة��� � � �م ب��� ��ب ��ة ا � ��ا ب � � ب � �ة ب� � ة� س ب ر ة� ك ة� � ة �ة� �و�م� ك� � ا م��ة� �م��ك ل�����ل ���هة� ��س�� ح� و ��ة� � � ب � ب ب ب � � ا ا ب ب ة ���ا ب�� ة ��� ا ����� ������ ب� ب ع ���� ا �ل� ا �ب��ك �ك�� ة �� ا ���ع�م�� �و�ل���د ك�� � �� �� � �����د ا �ل� � ��ة����ة� ك� � ل ك �ل ك ح�ة�ر � ة� ر ب لةم م ب ب � � � ب � �م� ة �ة��ة�ر ب��ا � �س� ���ة���ل �و�عة��ا ب� ب� بر�ل��ل رة��د �ب�ا � �و��ا �� �ة �لو� ب�ل���د �م�ا �� ��� �بر�ا بل ب �ر� ب��ا �ل��ل�م�دة�� ب��� �وك� ��� ة� ا � ب�ل � ة ة م ج ب ب ب �ا ب �� �� ا ة ب ا �ب ب ب ا ب ب ة � � ���ا ب � د ك� �و ب� �ب ك� �� � ك���ل �ة �لو�م لةر�ور ��ة� � او ر�وج ������ ل���� د ���� �ة� ����� �ر� � �ل�����س ���ة� ���ل�و��س � ب �ج �اة � � ��ا ر �� ةم�ب���. �م�د ا �ة�� � �و ب
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Chapter Ten
“The old man who used to visit you was the one who tricked the noble- 10.52 man into sending you off on a journey,” he continued. “He’d learned that your master was trying to secure a position for you in the Arabic Library. So, fearing that the position in the library would slip from his grasp, he played this little trick and convinced the nobleman to send you away. “Now, on the night when the nobleman sent you to Versailles to get an edict from the king, one of your master’s friends happened to see you there. He went and informed your master about how you’d given a letter to a certain duke, who then took you to meet with the head of the chancery, who in turn drew up a royal edict recognizing you as a traveler on behalf of the crown. “When your master learned about all this, he went straight to Versailles to 10.53 see the duke, and extracted the complete story from him. He was furious, for the position of a traveler appointed by the king was his own! So he went immediately to see His Excellency the nobleman, and defamed you to him. “‘Be careful with these types, my lord!’ he said. ‘Orientals are a traitorous lot, and it’s quite possible that this fellow will take advantage of your authority to steal from the consuls then vanish to his homeland. And if that happens, you’ll have no power to make him do anything. Permit me instead, as a token of my esteem for Your Excellency, to replace that man as your servant! In return, I promise to send you everything I collect during my travels.’ “When he heard that, the nobleman changed his mind and decided to finance your master’s travels instead,” the man concluded. And this was, in fact, how things came to pass. Some time after I returned 10.54 home to Aleppo, my master turned up in the city as well. I went to meet him, and invited him to pay a visit to my family’s home, where I received him most honorably and put myself at his service. He spent the night at our house, and I prepared a bed for him in my loft. After my brothers left, my master and I were left alone. As we sat chatting, he began to reproach me. “Why didn’t you tell me about your agreement with the nobleman to go on a voyage? That was the lowest thing you could have done to me! I never expected you’d treat me that way, because I meant to do right by you. But you threw away your best chance!” After much discussion and quarreling, we finally fell asleep. The following day, we had breakfast and went into town together. At the time, I’d opened a textile shop, and he would visit me each day. We’d go off together to hunt for old coins, medallions, and precious stones, just like old times.
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ب ب ب ة �ا � �م� ب�س � ب ح��ل ب��ا ا �� ��� �ة ا ��ل��س��ا ب �ب ا ء د ا ب� ة ب � ح��ل ������س ب�ر ب � �و��س ب�ل��ل�و� �ة ��و�م �م بس د ا � ا �ل��ة�ا �م د � ة� �و� ةع ر �ا ب � بة� ب ا ب � ا ��ل���ةه�ة �ب�ا ������ة ا � ��م� ة ب ة ة ب بة ����ا ر ب �م ةر�����ةس � او �ع ��ط� �ة� �ه�و �و���ة� ���ل���� ��ة� �ع ��� ا �م��ك ��������� �مر� � ب�ر ة �� � اب � �� ة � ا ب ��ا ب � ب ب ا �ب ا �� ة ب� � ب ا � ا ب ��ا ب ب� ا ب �ل�� �ام�ا ك�� � ع��د �� �ة� ب�ة��� ح ���ر ��ة� �ب� ��ة� �ب� � ا ر� �وة�� � او �ل�د ��ة� �ل�� ك�� � ة� ��� �مر��س � ب �م ب �م ب � � ل ب � ب � �ع ب ة ا � ا ��� ا ا ة با ا ب� ا ح��د �� ��� ا ب ��ب���� �مس د ا ��� ��ل�م� ا ر�ةو���� � ��هة� مر س ��د ع��مرةس �س�� �و ب�ر� �ل� ب ��� �و�م� ��د ر ا � ة ة ة � � ب � � � ا ة ا � او � ك ح��ة�ب��ا �ل�� �ع ب �م ب����ا � �ه ا �ب���ا �م�ا ��ة��ة��د ة�� ب��ا � � � ��ة���ل�ة� ��� � � ��� ���د ب� � �مس ا �ل��د ا ر ةس ر� � و �و � ب ر م و�ل ب س و�ل ب رة � ربج ا �� ط�ع ا � ة �ة ة ب ب حب � ة �� ا ة ة � � ��د � ح�ة� ��د حة � �لة��د � ا �� ��ل �م � � ح�ة� ة�����ر� ا �و � � �مرا � �ل��د ا ��س � او ك���ل��� ��مو�ة� ��لة���ل � �وب� بل � ح �ة� ة رو ة �و � ة ا � �ة ة � ة ب� ���ا �ب�� �ر�م��. ح����د��� �وبل�� ك � ب � ب � ا ة ب ا ة � ا �ل � �ب �عب ��ة���ا ب� ة���ل� ا ��ل��ل���ل��ة �ب�ا �م ة �م��ل�� � ة � � ل�����ا د �����ا � �و��ا ��ة� �ة �لو�م �ب��د �ل ة� � ��ل�م� ���ل�ه�� �ل��لك ب�ر �ة� � ك ة ة �ج بة ح�ب��ا ط�س ة � ا ب ���ه �م�� � �ور ب� ة ب �ل ح��ا �و ���ط��ل� ة� ا �ب����ا ةلر�و� ��� ا ���ل �� � ��� �� �ةوا ب� � ب ���� �مس ا �م� �م �و �هة� ب ��� ا �ل��� �ة��� ب��ب � ج �ة� م ً ب � با ب ب ح � ا ب� ����ة بس ة ب � ب ب ا �ل ���د � ا �ل � ���ا �ب����ا �ب�����ل ة� ب�ع � �رك� �� �ة�ب�� . ب ب �مة��ه�� �مس ������ل ح�ة�را ا �ب��ر� �مس �����ل��مة� �عس ���د � ب�ر � ا ب ا �� ا ا ب ب ���د � ا ��س�مة ب � ب � ب � ���د ا ا ��بل �وا ��س ب �ةبس ���د ب� ر� �و�م� ا س�م��� ا ب� ���ا ��ة� �ل����ا � ا �ة���لة��ا ��ة� ل��ر�مة��د �ة�� �و����� �� � ح� بل��ة� ة ج � � � � اب ب ا ��ل����ود ا �و�� ��ب� ا �ل �س��د ا �و�ة� �ل���ة�ر. ��ا �ل �و�مر��س � او �ل��د�ة��ك ر �� ة ة ة ة � ج بً � � ب � ب ب � � ا ب ة ا ا ح�� ا � �ل� �م� � ا � ������ل�م��ك � ح� �ة� ��ط��ل� ��� �� � ح��ل �ب� � ا �ل��م�ة� ح�ة�را ة���� د �ل��ك ا � � ا� � � ل ب و ر ب � ر و ة � ر ة ة� ة ع ج � ب � ب � � ح��ل ��� �م�ا ا ب ���� ب ا �ب�� ��� ��ة������� �و���د �ل �ع ب���ك �ل�ا �ب �لة�ة� ة� �ة�ا �م��ل ب� ������ �م بس ���د ا��� .د ا ا �لر ب� س ة� ة� ة ب ب � ا � ة � �� ب ا ة �ب ب �� ب ب ب � � ل � � � � � � ح �مر�����ل �مس �ع��د ا �ل��م�ة ر �ة� ة طلس��ة���� 1ة� ���د ا ا�ب� ر �و���د ا �م� ��م �ة� ���ب�� ب� �ر�و ب �ة� �م بس �ب��هرة���س. ا ��� � ب ا ة ة ة �ب ا ب ة �ا ة � ح�� ب �م�ا ��ة � �� �� �ب� ك� ���ل� � �� � � �وبلر ب� ح�� �مرك� ب� �س���لة�� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل������ر�ة�� ا �ة� �ةس ة ��و ب �س���م� �ة� �مر� ة م ع اب �ب��د � �ب�� � ة ��ب ة �� � ة ب � ة �ب ا ��� ا � ك� ح�ة� ا ���� �ر������ �وك��� ك���ل �ة �لو�م ا �م���ة� ا �ة� ب��ة��� ا �لب���د ر �س���ل� ا ��س�� ر و ة �ة �ة ��لة ة � ب � � ب � � � س � � ب ا ا ا ب ة ب � � � � ب � س � ا حة�� ب �سم� ب�� ر �ه�� ك �مس ب���ل ا �ل�د ��ر ب����� �ع���ةس ا �ة� � ح��ةس ا �ل�د ��ر �و مس بل���د ا �ل�د ��ر ة ع ب � � � ا � ة�ب � ح��د �ه ب��ا ك ب��مة�� ب� ح�� �مر �و ب��مة�� ا �لب�ةس� � او �ل ���م ار ء ب��ة��ة�� �ه ب��ا ك � ب�و�ة�� ب��و ب� ةس ا ��ة� � ��ا ر �ب�ل�� د ب����� ع�� ةس ا �ل��� ع ع ع م � �ب � ب � د ب����ا � ا �� ��ل�� د ا � ا ب ا � � ا� ب ا ا �ل ���مر�ة� � او �ل��دةل بس ب��ة��ة��ا ب�ر� او ا ��ة� ة��ب� �� ���� ��ة�� � او �ة� �ب�ل� د ا�م��� ر�ب�� � او �ة� ��ة�ر �� ة و ة� ب ب ة ب �ة � �� ل ب ب� ا ا �� � � � ة س س ا�ا�م ك��� � ا �� � �ب�ل�� د �و���د � ا �لب�س�ا ر �ام�ا �ب�ة�رد � او ةلر�����ل�و �مرك�� ب� ب��ة�����ل�ة �� او �ور��� د ا ل� ��� � رةس ة� م ر ب و م ة� � � � � ة ا ب � ���ا. �ل�لك ا �ب���ل�د ا �ل ��ة� �م� ���ة� ا �ة� أ 1ال��ص�ل� :ت��ط�لت�ص ف��. ت
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Chapter Ten
One day, we went to the jewelry souk, and he saw a pierced stone, the color 10.55 of carnelian, in a case. He bought it for two miṣriyyahs and handed it to me. “Hang this around your mother’s neck, and she’ll be cured of her illness.” When he’d stayed at our house, it had occurred to me to let him see my mother, who had suffered from a chronic illness for the previous twenty years. No doctor had been able to cure her, so we took her to my master and explained her symptoms: She couldn’t sleep or speak, and never wanted to leave the house on a walk or to attend mass, and she hardly ate anything. It was only with great effort that we managed to feed her; as a result, her body had shriveled to a thin stalk. We hung the stone around her neck, and that night she slept soundly, as she 10.56 used to do before! The next day, she changed her clothes and asked to be taken to the bathhouse. When she returned, she was the picture of health. All of us were astounded by the power of that stone, which seemed to have worked a miracle! I asked my master to tell me what it was called, and to explain its powers. “It’s called cheramide in Italian,” he said. “It has the special property of instantly drawing out the black humor. Your mother was suffering from melancholy, that’s all.” Anyway, the man I met at the inn in Marseille told me that the nobleman 10.57 had sent my edict to my master, allowing him to set off on a voyage at the nobleman’s expense. “The nobleman isn’t interested in you anymore, so you may as well give up on this whole affair,” the man said. My suspicion is that this man was sent by the nobleman to convey this information to me. In any case, that’s the end of the story of why I left Paris. Now, back to what I was saying. I remained at the inn in Marseille, waiting 10.58 to catch a ship bound for Alexandretta. Every day, I went to the chamber of commerce where the merchants gathered from ten in the morning until noon, and again from two in the afternoon until the early evening. That was where all of the commercial activity took place. The merchants who had business in the Eastern lands could be found there, along with those who traded with the New World, Spain, the Maghreb, and other lands. Whenever these merchants were planning to dispatch a ship, they’d post a notice with the name of the ship and its destination.
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� ب � ة ة ا � �� ا ب ب�� � �م ب ا ���ا��ا � �م ب �ا ب ب ة ��ة�� ة� ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� � م�� � � ار��ة� ����� �ل� �ور��� �ب� �س�م �مرك� ب� �م� ���ة� ة ة �وم س ل ة م ب � ب � ب � � ب ب ب � ب ة ة ب ب � ا ب� ا ا � �س���ل ة� ا ��س��ب��د ر � �و�� ����ر� ا ��� ا � ك� ح� �و�م� ��ة��� ا �ة� �ع��د ��و ح�� ���� �م ��ط� � ا �ل�د �ة� �ه�وا �عر ة ب ة � ��ا ب ب� �� � بم ب ب ب �ب ب � ب ب � ة � ا ا ا � ط � � � س � � ح�ل ب� �وك�� � ا �� ا ���ب��ة ر �ر� ا �� ب�ة� �و�ه�و ك�� � �� ب�ر �ة� �م�دة����� � ���د ا ا �لر ب� ��ة� �ع��د� � ح��ل ة ب � ب ب ب ح ب ا ب � �ة � ا ب ���ا ب� ة� حمب�� �و� ك� ����ة�ر ا �وة��ا ة� ة�ل�� بر�مب��� ا ���� ب��ة��ة��� �و�ة�� ��ة���ب�� � �و �لة � �ب� ��ة� � او ب��ب�� �� � حب� ر� �ب� � ب ة ة ة ة ة ة ب � �ة�� ة ا � �س���ل ة� ا ��س�� �� ب� ا ��� ا � ك� �ب��د ر� �وب�� ل � برة��د ا ر�و� ������ ب���ة���� ����ه� ب� حب��ر � او �ب�ا ب� �لو���ة� �ة���ك ��� �مرك ة ج ة� ة ا �� �ة �� ا ب ب � ���� �ة�ا ب� ح��د ك ������ �ب�ل�� ��س. لهب��ط� � �وب ة� �ب ا � ة��ة ة ب� � � ب �ة � ب ة � ب ة �وا ب� ���� � 1وب�ل�ة� ة� ���� �ب�ة�� ة� ا �ل�����ر �و�م ب� ��ة�� ح� ��ة�� ة� � �سم��� ر� ب��ة ر� �و م� �مر� � ة� ة ة � � ة ب ب ط�س ا ا ��� � �م�ا ���ا � �ة �لو� �ةلب���ة�ر�ة ب��ة��� ا � �� ح��ل ب� ا�ام���ا ر�� ����ه �و�ل���د ك� �وا ب� �ة� ة� � حك �ود �ع ة� �� �� ب� ا��مرك� ب و ة� ب م م ب ب ب ة ة ��� � ا ب ب ب ��� د � ا ل �����ل� � �ب ب �ً�� �م ب ا �� �لة� ���ا ب� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة ��� ة� � ط�بس حب��ر �ر��� ��مو�� ���ة�ر �ل� �� ك� � � � � �ر ة� � � ل و ةر و ر س ر ة ة ة � ة ا��مط�ب �� ا ب � ا ��ل���� � اب � � ا �ة �ة ا ���� ب�� ا �ب ّ ة � �ور� ح� ا �ة� ب��ة��� � ب�سر�ل����� ا ر�ة� �مرك� ب� �م� ���ة� ا �ة� ة�س��ل �م� را ��ة� ود � ل د ة�� �ة ة � � ب �مة � ب ���� ب� ا � �� ا �� �� ب �� ا � ا ب �� ا ب � � �ب ا � ة � ب ا �� �ة �� ا ب ب � ���ةس ل ل����ر �و � �� ��ول �و �ل��ر ا �ة� ر م�ة ر ك���� �ل� عس لهب��ط� � ��ة�ر �مر ب���ةس �� ة ح�د ا �ة� م� ب ا ب �� ب ب � � ب � �ب � � ة ب ا ب ا ب � � ب �ب �� ب ب ب ا �ل��د �ة� �ب��د� ة����� �ر ا �ة� ا ر�م�ة�ر ��د �ل�و�� ��لة��� � ��ط�لب�� �م��� �ب� ��� �ة� � ح�د �ة� ������ ا �ة� ا ر�م�ة�ر �ر���ة� ة �� �ة ا �� � ب ب� ��� �م ب ب � �����ل �م ب� � ا �ب ا �ع ��� � �ب ا ��ل ا �� ����� �لب ��� �ة ب � � � � � ا ع ل � ل � � ك � � ع � � � وط ب� �ة� ب� ة� ة ��� �ة� ل � س رو ة� بر ةس ر س س ة ر �� �ة� ب ب� � ة ب � � ب ب ا �ب ب � � � ة ة ا��ا ب �ب � �ر ة� ��ة� ا �مر�ة� ��ة��� ا �ع�م��ل. �و��م بر�ة� � او �� �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�و�ك� �م� ك�� � ����هة� ��ة ر �ع��مر� �عر�و��س ب � ة ب� � �� ا � ا ب �� ة ا � ب ا �ب ا ا ب �بر� ح� س�م� ��ط� � � او ك �وا ب� ح ة� �ع ب��د � ���دة��ل� � ح��ة����ل�� �ب� �ل��د �ة� ��� ر �م� ��� � ���لة��� ��ة� ة � ا �� ا ��� ا ب �م�� � ة��� ا ���� ة���ل��� ��ل���� ����ة ���ا �مرك� �� ب� ا ���� ا ��س�� �ب��د ر� �وب�� لبر�����ل�ك ������ � رو ة� ة� ر ة ر و �ة� ب ر ة ل ل ب ة � ة ة � � ب � ب ب � ا ا ب ة ة � ة ا �ب�ل�� ���س ب��ا ب� حب�ة��� � او �ة�لو�����ل ة� ا �ة��� �ب�ا ب� �م�ا �ب �لة��ا بةلس�م����� ا �ل�� � �س��� �م�� ��ة� ����ل �ب�ل� د �ل� �ة� ر���ل� ة � � �� ح�ا ��� �و�م�ا �ب �لة��ا ��� ��ب��ر ���د �ة� ا ����ا �ب �م ب ك�� ���ل �ب��د �و������� . حة�ب�ً�د �ة�� ل � برة��د ا ��ل�م�ك ���ة� �و�ه�و ب رس ب ب ة �ة ة� � � ب � � � ة ة ب ب � ة ب �م ا �ل��د �� �ه� ��م �� ���� ة� ا �ل�ب��د � ا ��ط��ل� �م ب ا � �لهب�� ا ا � ة ا �� ب ب رو ب س �مر �ب� � �ة� �مر ا � ا ������د ا �ة� ب��ة��� له�� ر ة و و ب ة � ة ب ب ا �� ��ا ا ب ا � ة بة ة�ب� ���ط�ا ب� ا�ا�مرك� �� ب� �ب�ا �ب�� �ة�ا ب� ح��د ك ������ �و���ل�� ا ��ة� ر ب� ح��ل �عر��ة ب� �و�����ة�ر �و�م� �ة� ك�� ر ��� �ه�� ح�ة� � ������ ���س ة ب � � �ة ة ا �� �ة � ا ب ا ب � ا ب � � � � ا �م � ا ���س ح ب� ة ��� ��لل�وك� ب��ة�� �مرا لهب� ��ط� � �ب� �� �ة� � ��ا �ل��. ح�د ك ���� �ل� ة ب� ب�������ل ة �� ا �م �ب � �م ب���� ة ا �� ���� ة ا �� �لةهب� ب ا�� ب ا �� ب ح ة� � � � ة �� ���ا �� ب �ة����ا � �مك� رة� و � ة � ة� ب ة� � �مر�مس �ب� ل�ر �� بل�س و ب ح�د � ا � ك� س � ة ة� � �� � �ة ب �ب ب � ة �ب ��ل � �ة ة � ح��د �م ة� �ل�� ك� ح�ل� �ة� ا �مر �د � ��ا �ل �و ب� ل��ا �� بس � بو�ل���د ب� ح�ة� �ة�ل��د ��س ل�له�� ح��ل�و��س ا � �ل��د ا ��س ت ش ت ف أ ف ف ف ���ت�ص ت �ص � ت 1ف����� «� �� ف�ا �ت�. حواتف���» ف����ل�� �ص�����طو�ف�� �ت� ال��ص�ل :ول ف�� ���و ف� ا لت� ا ��ت� �ت� ��ل ف ت
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Chapter Ten
One day, I went down to the chamber of commerce and saw a notice posted 10.59 with the name of a ship headed for the port of Alexandretta. I happily went to see khawājah Samatan, who was my very best friend. He had been a merchant in Aleppo, and my oldest brother had worked as his warehouseman. Khawājah Samatan was very fond of me, and would often invite me to his house and treat me as a cherished guest. So I told him that a ship was preparing to sail for Alexandretta, and that I planned to be on it. “I know about the ship,” he said. “I’ll put in a good word for you with the captain, and have him take you aboard for free.” I thanked him and wished him well, and went home to pack my things. As I 10.60 was intent on sailing with that ship, I said goodbye to all the foreign gentlemen of Aleppo I knew. A few days later, however, the owners of the ship changed their mind and decided not to sail, fearing the threat of pirates. I was devastated when I heard this, as I’d been anxious to leave and was starting to feel at my wits’ end. I went to the chamber of commerce to see if there might be a ship headed to the Levantine coast. There were only two: one bound for Istanbul and the other for Izmir. I made some inquiries about the captain of the Izmir-bound ship, sought him out, and asked if he would take me aboard. He agreed, but demanded that I pay my fare of forty piasters—not including food and drink—in advance. All I had was ten piasters! What was I to do? I returned to my friend khawājah Samatan and told him what had hap- 10.61 pened. He wasn’t pleased with my plan to go to Izmir. “Be patient, and perhaps a ship will be dispatched to Alexandretta soon enough,” he said. “I’ll get you on board for free.” “But I can’t bear to stay in this country any longer!” I said, pleading with him. “I’m fed up, and my patience has run out! I absolutely must leave!” “Let me give you some advice,” he replied. “Go upstairs to the consul’s residence, which is above the chamber of commerce. Ask the consul to order the captain of the ship to take you with him. Tell him, ‘I’m a penniless foreigner in this country, and don’t have a job to earn a living.’ I guarantee you that he’ll order the captain to take you with him.” I did as he advised and went to see the consul early the next morning. As 10.62 luck would have it, I arrived as a priest was preparing to lead a mass at the consul’s residence, so I quickly went inside and began to help the priest. After the mass, the consul left with several merchants for a walk in the courtyard.
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139
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
ط�س � � � ���ا ب� ةلسة�م � ب� ب� ا �� �لةهب م��ا ب�� . ��� او ��ب� �� �مر �و������ ب��م��ل�� �م بس ا �ب��ا بررك� ح ب ا�ا ك� حة�ب�ً�د �ة�لة��د �م ة� ا �م�ا � � � � ة س م رج ة �ة � � � ة ������ ��� �ا ب ا �� ب�ل� �ب �ا � � �� ���ل�م�ب ب � �مر �و�ع�م��ل ة� ��م��� ا �ل�ل�� �ة�لة� ب� �����ا �ب�� ل���� او �ة��د �ه� � او � ك ا � �لهب�� ح��ة�� بل ل��� � ر��� و ة� �مك� �ة� ة م � ب ة � ة ا �ب �� ���م �ب ا ��ل ب ا �� �لة ب ب ب ح�� ��س�م���ط�ا ب� ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة� ة ب � � � � ه � ا ا ا � �وا ب� م �� ح � � د � � � �م � � �� � � � � � �� ل ب ب ب ة� ر س ة� ب �ة ��� �مس ك��ل �ة� ك �ة� بب �م بس �ب�ل�� د ����ور��ا ب���ة��� �م�ا بد ا ا �ة�ة�� ة� ا ��� ����ل �ب�ل�� د �ب�ا ب� حب�ة��� ا �ة�ة�� ة� ��� ر ب� ح��ل �ر�����ا �و�ة� �و�م ب� ��ة�� ة� ة ة ة� ع �ب � ب ب ا ة � ة �� ا ��� ��ل� د� ة ا ب � � � ������ ا ���� �م�دة�� ب���ة �ب��هر��� ����� د لر���� � او �ل�� ر ب� ���� �مس �ب��هرة���س ح�ة� ا ر ب� ة� ب ة� ةس ة ة ع � � � ب �ب حة ة ة ب ب ة � ة ة � ا ا ا ة �مر���� ��ة� ا �����ر� �ل� �و�م� �ب �ل�� ����ه�����ة� ��� ا � �ل ��و�. � او �ل��د �ة� ك�� � ����ه� ا � ة ة ة ة ب � �ة � ا ب � اب � ب ب ا بة ح��د �م ب ب� � � ة ب ة ب �� �� ���ل�م� ا �� � ح�دا �م�� �ب� ��� ة�م���ة� � �وة��د �ع�ة� د �ل��ك ا � �لهب� ��ط� � ا ��ة� ����� �مس ك��ل� م�ة� ا �مر � او � س ة �ة � ب ب �ة �ا �ب ة �مر �ب�ا �ب�� �ع ب��د� � او �ة��� ة� ����� ا ��ب��ر ���ا �ه ب��ا �و�ل� ةلر�و� � بو�ل���د � ب��ة����� ا ��ة� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � ��ا �مرا � �لهب�� ج ة ا ب ب �ة ا � � ب � ب � � ا ب ب �� ب� �ة � ب� ب � �ة ب � ا ب بل ب � � � � � ك � � � � � � � � ا � � � � � ا ا � � ا � �ة� � �� � � � ح��د �ة� ������ �و � �ل ل� ���د ل��ل م ب�م� � عر��ة ب� و���ة ر ل� رم ب� � ر �ل� ة� ب�ل د� ب ر ة� ة � � ّ �ة � ب ة � بب � �ة � ب ً � �ب �ع� او �ة��د �ب�ا ب��ا ب� ح�ا �ب�� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � ��س�م���ا �و ��ط�ا ��� � او �ة��� ة� ا ��ة� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �و���� ا �ل��لة���ل�� �و�ك ة� ا �ل��� �مرلر�ل ة � �ب � ة ا ة ب ة ب ً � ب � �� � ا ب ب � � ���ا ر�و� ��� ا � �لة��ا �ة�لة� ا �ة� ا�ا�مرك�� ب� �ل�� ��ة� ا �لب���د �ب�ا ل��ر ب�����ا �ر. � ا ��ك � ا � �ل�� � �ل � او ��� ا ��� �� وة ب ة� ة ة� � ة � ج ع ب ة � ب ة � ب � ب ح ب �د ا � ة� �وا ب� �مر � او � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �و�م ب� �سم����ر ة� ب��ة�ر ا � �لهب�� ��ة�� ة� �م بس �ه ب��ا ك ا ��ة� �ع ب��د �� ح�� ��س�م��ط�ا � �ة��ً ب � � �ب �� � او � ك �ر ة� �� ب� ����ل��. ح��ة� ة� �ل�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ���ا ر �و���س ل �ة � ب �� ا ب � � ح��د ك ا ��� �ع ب��د ���ا � ح ب� ا�ا�مرك� ب� �و � حة�ب�ً�د �ة�� �ب �لة��ا ���لة�ب��ا �ب�ا �ة� ا ب� ح��د �ل��ك �م بس �ة��د� �م�� ��و ب� ة ة� � � ة � ا ب ة ا � ب � � � � ��ب� � � �ب ا �� �� ة � ا ب � ب ب � ة ب ًا ب ب ا ب � ب ح�د ة � � ���د ��لة��ك �ة� ���ر� �ل� �ل���ك ل �رل� �عر�م� �ع��� �� � �ل�ل�هب� ��ط� � � �لو��� ة� �ة��ك �ة��ل� ا � ح�د ��ة� ة � ب ا � � ب �ل ا ب � ب ا ب ب ا ة ا � ا� �� ��ا ب � ب � ح� �بك�ب��ا ح�� �� �م� د � ���ا ا �ة� �ع ب��د ��� �و م� ح ب� ا��مرك� ب� �وك�� � ���د ا ��� ب ح�ل�� �ل�ه��د� �� �����ر� ب ة ة ��� � ة ب ح�� ���سم�ا ���ط�ا ب� ��ا ب� ���� ب��ل�� � ل ���د ا �����ل�� ��� � ب �� �� �وا ب� ��مو�ة� ����ة ر. حة�ب�ً�د ���ل�� �� ل م برة ر ب ع �مر�ب���ك � �وب� ��ط�ل ب� �مس �ب ب � � ا ب �ة � �ة ب �ة � ب � ب ب ة ب � �� �� ���� �م�� ��و ب� �م بس �ة��د ك � �لو���ة� �ة��� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �ة��ل�و� ��ب� �مر� ���لة��� ��ة� ا�ا�مرك� ب� ���لك �ب� � ل�� �� ة ة � ة ب � � ح�ا �ب�� بد ��ل��ك ��� ا ��ل ار ��س � او ��ل���� ب �ب��مب ا ��ل ��ا ��ل ك� ��� ب� �م�� � ��و ب� � او �مرا � �لةهب� ���ط�ا ب� �ب�ا �ب�� ح�ا ���ر�ة� �ب�ا ب� ح��ل � �ل�ا ب� ةس ة� ة� � ب ة� ة � � � � ��ة �� �ب ّ �ل ب �ل�� ��� ب ح��د �مب��� ����ة� ا �لب�ة��� ب�ل��ل ا د ا ا � � � �وة��دلةر �ب�ا �ل�� ��� ّ �و�ل�ا �ة�ا ب� ح������� ����ة� �ة���و� ة ة �م�ة� ة ��و �ة� �ة � ة ب ة ة � � � ب� �� ��ة�� ب��ا. حة�� ا�ام�� ��و ب� � او �ع ��ط�ا �ة� �ه�و �� �ود �ع ب��ا �و�م ب� و م م
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Chapter Ten
I followed them, and presented myself before the consul, bowing deeply as custom required. Speaking in French, I told him what khawājah Samatan had instructed me to say. “Where are you from?” he asked when I was done speaking. “Syria,” I replied. “What brought you to this land?” “I came with a Frenchman, and traveled with him to Paris,” I explained. “When he left me, I came back here to find a way to return to my country. I spent all my money getting back to Marseille, and don’t even have a coin to spend on food.” After hearing me out, the consul ordered one of his servants to summon 10.63 the captain. “Wait here,” he said, turning to me. “Don’t go anywhere.” A few minutes later, the captain appeared, and the consul ordered him to take me with him. “In keeping with our custom, this man ought to be sent back to his land, as he’s a stranger here and has no money,” the consul explained. “Yes sir,” the captain replied, and turned to me and said, “Get into a rowboat with your bags this evening and come out to the ship. We sail early tomorrow morning.” I thanked the consul and the captain from the bottom of my heart, and went to tell khawājah Samatan what had transpired, and to thank him. “All that’s left for me to do now is to go see the owner of the ship,” he said. 10.64 “We’ll need to get a letter from him vouching for you to give the captain, so no one causes any trouble for you on the journey. You were put on the ship against his wishes, after all.” So he took me to see the shipowner, a friend of his, who greeted us warmly when we arrived. “I’d like to have this young man travel aboard your ship,” khawājah Samatan explained. “As a favor to me, would you be willing to write a letter to the ship’s captain vouching for the boy and entrusting him to his care?” “It would be my pleasure,” the man replied, and immediately drafted a letter to the captain commending me to his charge. He encouraged the captain to watch over me and not to accept any payment for my expenses. In fact, if I needed anything at all, the captain was to provide me with it. The shipowner sealed the letter and handed it to me, then we bid him farewell and left.
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
� � ��ب ة ب ا ب � �ب ا ة � ا ا ب �ة� � � �م ب ��ة�� ة� ا ��� ا �ل�ا�����ةر��� � ح��د ة� ا�ام�� ب��ا �ب�ا ا ب� حة� �� ك��� �� ر�ل �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� ب� � � و ح� �ة� ب و ة ة ب ة �ب ب ب ب ب ��ور بر� او د� � او �بر� �ب �ل�� ����د�ة ��س�م��ك ا ب� �م بس �ع ب��د ا�ام�د ل�� ح�� ببس �ول�� ط�سم�ا ة� �و ب� حة��� �و � ار رة��ة��و� � بولر�مة��ل� ع ب بب ب ب ح�ة � �ل د �ع ب� ب��ا � ة ��ً�ا ا � ا � ب � ����ةر ة� ب ب� ����ل�� �� �سم� �ر ة� �� ب� ��ة�ر� �و���س ل ��ب��ة��د ر��ة�ر �و�ه�و ا �ة�� ب ح� �ل�ه��د �ة� ة� ة و �ة� � ب �ة � ���ل�ب���ك ��ل�� ب��� �ة�� ب� � � �����ة�ر� . �ة�مو�� � �� ا � �لةهب� ���ط�ا ب� �م�ا �ة ك� حة�ب�ً�د �ة�� ب�ل�� �� ل� ح�د �����ك ����ل ر � او د� ح�ة� ر ة ة� ة � ا �ة ة ا ب � �ل� ل�ه�� ر ا �ة���. � ة � ب ب بً � � � �� � � م��ا �ة���� ا �ل ��ة ���ةر�و� ��ة��� �م�� ح��ل ب� ��� � ك� ح�ة� لبر�����ل�� ا �ة� ا ��ة� ��ة� � ح�ة�را ا �ع �� ا� � � � ب ة و � ب ة � ب ة ج ة� ة ع � � ا �ب ة �ب � � ب �� ب � ب � ب ب � �� ب� ا �ل��د �ة� �ه�و �م�و ب� �� ��و�ل ��ة� ا �لب��ر� او ب� حب��ر�ة�� �ة��� �ب�ا � �ة �لو� �ة�ا ةر ب� ���� ر� �ة� �مرك ح�� ا ��ة� ا ��م� ب م ب ة � � ب ب ب � ح�ا ب ب ا بر�م�ة�ر �و��سم�ا ب�ل���د �و����ل ا�ام�� � ��و ب� �ة��د ا ��ة� � بو�ل���د �م�د� ��س�م��� او �ب�ا � �مرك�� ب� ب� � �مس ا ر�م�ة�ر ر ة ج � �ب ب ب� �ب ا �� �� ة ب �ة ة � � ا ��ا ب ة ب �ب ا ب ب� ة � � � � � � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا � � � � �م � � ع �س� ك � ك ا �ة� ا � ��د ور� � ��مر �ة� �رة�ل� وعر � ب ة� �ل�و د م ك� ��� ة�� ���� ر ��د � �وة� ع �ب � ب � � ب ب � � ا ���� � ب ب� �����د ���د ب��م�� ب�ة��� ��ا ��ب �ة�ل ب� ة ب � � م �س���لة��ا ا ��ة� ا ر�م�ة�ر � ة��ا ل��د � او �ب�ا ��ة� ك�� ة� ة ر � م ب ة� و � و ة� ر ح�� �مس ر ة � ة � � ��ة ة � ب ب � � ب ب� � ا � � ب ب ة ا ا ا ا � ��ة� د �ل��ك ا��مرك� ب� �و�م� ��� د ا � ح�د � او �ة� � حب��ر �ل�� ب�ل���د د �ل��ك ا�م�� ��و ب� �م� ���د � ��ب��� ��� � �م �ة ب� ة � � � ب ا ة � ة �م�� ��و ب� ��� ��ل ط��� او ا �ل�ا�ة�ا ��س �م ب��� �و����ل� او ��� ر�و �ة� ��ة�� � ح�� ا�ام�و��ة�. ة� ة � �ب �� ب ب �ة ب � �� ب� � ا �وا ب�� ا ���� ا �ل�ا� ك� �� � ّ � ة � �� �ب�ا �� ك� ة ا � ب��ب�ر ب� ���م ��ة� �س��ل�� �ولر� � ���ل �م ب���د �م� �ود �ع� ا�م�د ل�ور �م�ل� � ة ة� ة � ة ا ة عب ب � ة ب ا ب ًا � ب �ب ب ا � ة ا ة � ا� �� � � ب � ��� ل ة � ب � ب � ا ا � � ا ك � ا � �ل�� �ة�ل� �ول �رل� ا �� ا �ة�� ��� �و م���ة� كة��� ا � �ل�� �ة�ل� ا �ة� ا��مر ب� ل�د ة� مر �ة� بر � ب ��و�� ر ب � � � �ه �م ك�� � � � � ���ل�� ���ط�ا ب� � ب���� ا �ل����ة � � � � ب� ب� ����ة�ر ة���س�م�ا �� ك� ع��مرل بس ��ط�و ب� �������د ة� ا ��ة� ا�ا�مرك� ب� و � و ر و ة و ر ب ة ب � ة ب ب ً� � ب ا �� �ة ا ب �ب ة ب ب � � ��م�ة��د ا ���م�ا �ب�� ب ل � � � � ةس � ل ع��س��ر�ة� �م بس ��ة�ر ا � ب��وة��ة��� �وك���ا � � �مو�� ��و�� ������ �و�� ��� �ر�� مس ر � بو ر � ب � � ب ب ة ب ب ة ب ب �ب �ب � ب� ح� ك� ���ا � �ب��� ب��ا �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� � �و��ا ��� �ة �ل � �م ب ا �ل����ل��� ���س � � � �و������� �ب�ا ررك� �س��� ح ب� �م ار � ة ة وم س ����� ب��ة� م � ة ��ة ب ب �ة � ب ب ة ة � �ب�ة ة �م �ب�ا ��ب� د �� ا ��بلس �� حة�ب�ً�د ا �ع �� و� س � ���ل�و��� �و����ا �ر���ل�م�ا � ��� ا�ام�� ��و ب� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � ���ل�م�ا � ار � ا �ب����� � ة ر ر ر ة م ةج ����ب � �م�ا ك� ���� بل��ب� � ��و ب� ��ب� ا �م�ا ب� �وةلر�� ح�ة ا ك�� �� � ���ل �ع ب��د�. ل � و ة� ة� ة� ة و ��ة� ب ط�س ة ب ا �ب ا ة � ا ة ب � ب ب � ب ا� � �ك����ا � �بر�ا ا �و�ل �ة �لو�م � �وة�ا ��ة� �ة �لو�م ��� �و� ����� ر �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� ا ب��سم��� او �م�د لبرةلس ا��مرك� ب� � �وب��د � او ��ة � � ب � � ة �ب ة �� او ا � �مور ا ��ل طو ب� �ورة��� ط او ب� � او �ة��ه ب���ك �وك�ب� �� او ا �ورا �� �و���ل� �� او ����� ك����ل �� � �رب� ا �ع��ة� ا ���� � �ة�� ة � ة ب ًا ة ة � �ب � ب � ب � �ب ب ��� �� ا ا ����ا �م�� ا ب��ل �وك� ��ب� �� او ا ����ا �م�ة� ا �ل��دةل بس ب��ة��ة ب�� �� او �ل�ا ب� ح��ل ب� �مرب� ا�ام�د ا ��� � او �ة�� ��� ك�ب و ح ��ود ا �ل�دةلس ة ع �� ّ �ب ا � � ب ا �� � ب� ة � ة ا �� ب ب ح�ا �ل� ��ب �ا�م�ا �م �ل� ا ا ��ة��به ب���ك ب���ل�م�ا ا ب��ة �ه� او ا �ة� ك���� �ل�و�� �م� ا س�م�ك ����ل� �م� � �� �� ��ة� ا ��س��مة� ا ب� ب وة� � ب��ة�� بر و ة م
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Chapter Ten
With the letter in hand, I returned to the inn where I was staying. No sooner 10.65 had I arrived when a delivery appeared for me. It was a sack full of provisions for the road: hardtack, some cheese, a sack of little dried fish, a jar of olives, and a small barrel of wine. Then the khawājah himself came to wish me farewell. I thanked him dearly for the gift, heaping praise and gratitude upon him. “The captain might not invite you to dine at his table,” the khawājah said. “Take these provisions with you, so you don’t have to depend on him.” I gave him a letter to send to my brother in Aleppo via the overland postal 10.66 service to Istanbul. The letter, which informed my brother of the date of my departure by ship from Marseille to Izmir, arrived safely in my brother’s hands some time later. Not long after that, however, my family received news that a vessel bound from Izmir to Alexandretta had been wrecked, and all aboard had perished. My brothers and my relatives were overwhelmed with grief, as they knew I’d traveled from Marseille to Izmir, and felt certain I had been on the stricken ship. Not receiving word from me—as I’d stopped sending letters after leaving France—they lost all hope and mourned me, praying for my soul’s eternal rest. Back to the story. After I said goodbye to the khawājah, I had my bags 10.67 brought to the harbor and loaded them into a rowboat. I got in, and off we went to the ship, which was anchored beyond the harbor channel. I climbed aboard the ship. It was a large vessel named La Galatane,41 and had twentyfour cannons. There were eighty soldiers on board, not counting the crew. As a precaution against pirates, the ship held only a half load, so it was really half warship, half merchant ship. We spent the night there. Early the next morning, we raised the anchors, unfurled the sails, and set off. It was only once we were out on the open sea that I handed the letter to the captain. He read it and smiled. “Rest easy,” he said, then left me to my own devices, and didn’t invite me to dine with him. We sailed all day without incident. The following morning, I noticed that 10.68 the officers had gathered together and were preparing the ship for combat, readying the cannons and muskets. Each cannon had a notice hung upon it with the names of the crew members responsible for firing it; there was also a list of soldiers tasked with firing the muskets. Finally, they came to me. “Name?” they said. “What do you want my name for?” I asked.
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
ة ��س � ب ة ب بة �ب� � حة�ب��ا ا �ل���د �و ب��ة���ل��ة بر� ��م�����ك ب�� ب��د ة�ة��� � �وة�لة � عو�ة� ا �ب�ا ر ب� ��ا ر ب� �م����ل ��ة�رك ������ل ة� د � � بةب ح��ل م � � � � ب ب � ب � ب � ا ب ة ة ب ب ب ب�ع ��� �و�م�ا ب�ل�� �� ��� ا �م�ور ا �ل ا �ة� ب � � ا �ة� ة � ا � � � ا � �س �رب� �و�ل� ��ة� � رب ر ة �مرب� �ه��ك � ��� ا �ة� لهب��ط� � �و ��ة� بةب��ة� ة ا� ا ة ب ا ب � ة ة � � � ب ب ط�س � �ب �م ا ��ل � ا � ب ب ب � �� ا ا ا � �� ب ة � ب �� ر ب� ا �ل���د �و ب�����ر�ل �ل�ل�ه�ب��ر � بو �� �م ب���ك �م� �ب��را �� � حب�� �و� ل ���س ا �� ب ����ك �ة� ���ل �رب� �ل� ةب �ا � ح � � � � ا ب �ب ب � � ا �� �كة ة ا ��ل� � ة � �ر ب��ة��هة���ل�وك �ل� ��م�ا �ل��. ���س� ل ح��ك �ل� � �ة� د �ل�ك ل�و � �ب�ة� و ب � ة ب ً � ة ب ة ا ب �ة بً ب � � ب ب ب� � ��� ا ��س��م � او ب� ح�ة�را ا �ل��ر�م� �ب� � ا ك� ���ا �و ��ة� ا �ة ��و� ا� ح ب��د �م����ل ا �لب���ة�ر ��م���� د �ل��ك ا �ة ��و� ا �ة� � ب � ة م م ة �� �� ة ا ب با ب ة ب � ا� � ��ا �� ب��ا ا� ا � ا ب ا ا ب ا ���� �ل� راة�� ب�� �مس ب�ل�هة��د �مرك� ب� ب���ة�ر �ر��� � �و�ه�و �م� ���� � ب�� ا ب��ة� ���لة��� ب����ة�� ا ��� ة� بر ا ب � ب ا �� ب ا ب ً �بة � ب � ا ��� �ة ا�ا�م�د ا �ب�� � ا � ب ���س�� � �وة� � ���ا �ة�لو ب� �ر �و ��ة� ا �ة��د �ه� و� ����ط�� ة� ا �ل� ل ح�د�� �و�مركب���� ا �ة�� ح�� ���لة��� �و��س�و طو� � م ع ب � � ب � ة ة �� ب ا ة ا � ب� �ة � � ب � � ة � ح�� ب �م�ا � �� ب��ا �م ب �ل�� ب ��� ا �ل��د �� ب� ب� ��ب��ا � ح ب � او�ا�مرك� ا لب���د �ة�� � �و ل���ة ر مس ب �م�ل ��� ا ��ة� � � ب ر ة س ةس ر ب س ب ج �م ة � � ب � �ب � ا � �اب ة � � با ���ا �ل���لرب� ب��ا � بد ��ل��ك ا�ا�مرك� �� ب� �ود ا ك �ام�ا را ء �� ��و�ل �ه�و ا �ل��ر ��� ة � ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب �ه�� �و�ه�و رة ج ب ة � ب � �� ب � �ا ح �����ب��ا � � ����م � ����ل ح�ا �ب� �و�ع ���ط� ك� ح�ةه ب��ا � �و�ا�م�ا � ح��� �مرب� ر�ب�� ةس ا �ة��� ب� ح ة� ا ��ب� �مر ب����ةس ب���� ر �م�و ب� � ة ر � ة ع � ب�� ب��د ر���ة ا � ب�ل� �ب����ا � �و�� ��ل�ا�ب�� �ع ب� ب��ا �ب�ا ب�� ب��ا �ب �ب����ا � �و�� �و���ا ر �ة�� ��و ة� �ب�ا ��ب ��و�ة� ا �ب�� �ب �ب����ا �و��� . حة�ب�ً�د ر ر ر ر ة ة ة ة �ب �� � ب � ة �� � � � ب �ة ب ب � ة ا ّٰ �ة� ا �� ب ب ة ب � ا � � � � ل ل � �� او �و رل�و� .حة��ً�د را ح� ا لرعب�� مس ��ب�ة� �و��س ل �عر��مو� ا �� ر����� �و ة� �م� � ��ر� لل� ل�� �ة� � ا �ب � � ا � ب ��ب ة ا ة � ب � � ب ب ب� � ة ة ���ا � ���د �و �ل�ا ��ة� ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� ك��� ة����� مس � ح�ا ��ة� � او �ة�ل�ب� ة� ا�ام�و ة�. �ب� � م� ك � � ب� ب حة ا �ةلب� ا �ب ا �� ة � �لة � �� ا ب��م ا�امب ب � ا �ة ��و�م بل �رل ة� �ل��ل�ه ب�ب��ر ��ة� ��د رة� ب � برة� ��� ب� ة���ل �� �مر �ل�ة� ���لة��� ا ���ا را ة� ةج � � ا ��ب��ع �� �ب � �م ������ � ا �ةب ا ب ب � ب� � ة � ب �ة� ��� ا �ل��ل ع�ة ��ة � بم � � �م�� �� ك � � � � � � ل � � �� � ل � � �� �م بس ��ة�ر ��مة���س �و�ه�و د �ة��ل� ب � ر ة� ج و ب س ب ر وج م ة� ب ة بةة ةب ����ل�بهة��� � ة ة ب ��ةح�ا � �ب �ة� ة���لب�� ���لة��� �وك� �و� ك ح�ة� ة������د ا ����ه� � ����د �م �و�ل���د �ة� ����ه� �ك�����ة�ة��� ب� �لو��ا �ل م�� ب ر ة� ة ة ب ة ب ة ب ة �ة � ةب ا ب �ب�����د � ا �ب ة ��س��� �و�ل���د �بر�و ب�ع ب��ا � 1م بس ا �لب���د �ة� ا �ر ب� ح� �مس �����ة� �مة���س �و����د ر�ة�� �و�ك�ب�� ر بة و ب ً ً ب � � ب ا ب ة ا �ب ا ة� ة � ة ح�� ا ا � ة ����ر ب ب� ح�ل��س�� ������ �مرك���� ���� ��ة�ر�ة� �و�لب�������� �و ب� �و���لة���ل�� �ةل��لب�������� �ك�ةحج�مب�� ا �و�ل�ا .ا ب� �سم� ر ة م م ع �ب � عس � ح�ا �ل�� �و�م�ا �ه�و ا �مر�. � � ب � ب � ة �� ب ب ا �ب �ب � � ب ح�دا ر��� ا ب ل ح�ابل ب��� ا � ����ا �ل ة� �عب��� ا �ب�ا � او � ب��ا ب� ح�د مس ب � �� ��و�ل ��ة�� ٢ر����� �ة� ا ��م �� ب �و� ة ة ة �ا ب حة ا ا ب � ب ا �����ل ب ا � ا م��ا �ة���� ��ل��ل� ب ل ��ب ا �م �ب � � � � � ل ل � � � � � � � � ا ا � � � � � � ه �� �م � � � ٣ � � ع ك � ة ب و رةر ة� ر رور ة� ر ة� ب � رة��س و ط ة� �� ر ��ة� �ل ةب �ة� ة� � � � � �و�ه�و ا ب� �ام�ا �مب���� �ة�لة��ا ب�ل��ل ا�ام��ل�ك �و�ه�و �����ل���ط�ا ب� ا ��م�د ب�ل���د �م�ا �ة�د � ا �����د ا �ة�ا ا�ا�مر�����ل�� ������ ة م أ أ أ فف 1ال��ص�ل� :ر�عوف�ف��ا ٢ .ال��ص�ل :ال� ف��ت� ٣ .ال��ص�ل :ال�تف���. ت
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Chapter Ten
“When the enemy shows up, you’ll have to pick up a musket and fight like everyone else!” “Leave me be,” I said. “I’m a foreigner, and I don’t know anything about war, or how to fire a musket for that matter.” “I suppose you could go hide in the hold when you see us fighting the enemy,” the captain said, turning to me. “But if I were you, I wouldn’t disappear in the middle of a battle, because the soldiers won’t think twice about killing you!” So I was forced to put my name down and enlist like everyone else. The day 10.69 passed without event. Then, on our third day at sea, we spotted a large pirate ship in the distance. When it caught sight of us, the ship headed in our direction, dead set on attacking us and seizing our ship. We turned to face them, opening the gunports as the soldiers lined up with their muskets, with poor little me among them! We drew near the pirate ship, and were followed by a second ship, which had left Marseille with us. It was bound for Istanbul, and it too had prepared for a battle. When the pirates saw two large ships bearing down on them, they turned tail and we gave chase. Realizing that our vessels were French, the pirates raised a French flag once they started taking fire, and hailed us over their bullhorn, announcing that they too were French. Once we determined this to be the case, we left them alone and went on our way. It was only then that my fear dissipated, and I thanked God Almighty that the pirates didn’t belong to an enemy nation! For a moment, I’d lost all hope and had been certain I was going to die. One day, when I went down into the hold of the ship to have lunch, I 10.70 noticed a handsome young man by my side. He bore all the signs of a well-todo person, yet he scarcely had any clothes on, wearing only a decrepit, ripped old tunic that revealed the flesh beneath, and no shirt. My heart went out to this abject, melancholy young man and I invited him to join me for lunch, which he did. I gave him a jar of wine to drink, and chatted amiably with him. When we’d finished our lunch, I took a shirt, vest, and tunic out of my basket and gave them to him to wear. He refused at first, but finally accepted and put them on, thanking me profusely. We sat down and struck up a conversation, and I asked him what his story was. “If you’d like to know, I suppose I’ll tell you,” the young man began. “I’m 10.71 one of the secretaries of the French ambassador in Istanbul.42 The ambassador
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�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
�ة ب � � ة � ب ا� ة ا � � � ب �ل ا ب � � �م ب �����ل���ط�ا ب� �ب �ب����ا ب��د ب� ط� ح��ل ا�م��� بل�ل� �� �م� د � ح��� ا � �لورلةر � او �ل��ر ب��م�ا � �ل�ا ب� ح��ل� او ا �ة� ���ا �ل �� ح��ل � س ب س ر � � � � � � ب ب � � ا ة ب ب ��ا ب� ��ا �ل���ا د� ا ب�ل ح� ا �ل� �ل ��ا ر�ة�� �ع ب��د �ه� �م ب ��د �� ا �ل ب �م�ا �ه� ا �ام�ا ����د � ��� ا ��ة� ���ا �ل �� �ب�ا ب� ب م �س ة م ر � و � ب ة �ل ب ة �� �ة � � � ا ب ة ح�ب ة ب �م �ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ب���ل�م�ا ا ب ب � ح��ةرا �مً�ا ���ل � �مس ���� ب� ح� ب� ا �ل� �ل ��� ا � ب��ة�� ����د � ا ل ب��ب�س�� �ب� ���ة� � �وب�ة�ر��� ا �ل��ة��� ر ة� م بة ة � �ة حة ب ا ��ل ع ب ��ا � �ب ل �ب ج �بك � � ا � ا ��ل � ة ة ا ا � �ب � ا ل � � � �� �� � � � � ل � � � � � � � ا ا ا ا � � � ا � � � ك� ل�� د� د ���� �ل� ب �� ة� ور و م� ر د ���� ةر ��و ة � ا � �ل ب��ب�س�� ل��د �ة� ةر� ة � م م ة ة ج ع ج ب �م بس ��� ب� ح�ب���. ة� � � ب ب ب � ة ب �� ب ب ة ا ا ة ب ب �ب � ��� ا � �لورلةر �مس ���د ا ا � �ل�����ل � او �ل��ر ب��م� � ��� ب� �عس � �� او �ب�� �و��� ر ة�� ��و�����ل ا ة� ب � � ب � � ب � � ��� �م�و ب� ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ح ب� �ع� او �ة��د ا � �لة��دة��م�� ��م�ا ا � ل م��بس ا �ب�� لةر��� ا �ل��ة�� ب� ��� �ب�ا �ب�� �ة��د �ع��� لةر����� او ا �ل��ة�� ب� � � م ة ب ج ة � ع ج � ة ا �� �� �ل ب ل ا �ب ا � ا � � ا � ا د ب حب ح�� � ا ة�� �ا �م �ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ��ا ��ل���� ب � � ب��ا �ب�ا ا �ل�و برلر �وة��ا ��ل ��ل�� � � � ل � م � � � م � � ل � � � و�� ل و رةر ور ب ة� ب ة ل و بل ر ة ج � � �ب ا �ب ا � �ة�ة ا � � ب ة ا�ام�� � � ا �ل���� ب � ب � � ا � ا ��ل ب ب ب � ب ���د ا ����ة� ��ة�ر �م ل �مر� لك ب� ة � � .حة��ً�د ر ب� �م��س ة� د ��ك ل�� بل��ل ح� ��ة� �مس ��ة�ر ع �ل� ب ة ب ا � ب �ة ة � ب بب �ج ب � ب �م ار ����� �� �ل�ورلر ك� �� ب� �م�� � ��و ب� ا ��ة� �ورلةر �����ل��ط�ا � �ر�����ا � او ب� حب��ر� ���ة��ا ب�ل��ل�� �و�م���ة� ا ��ة� � ة ة بً ��ة �ة � � ب �ب ب � ا �� � ب � ب � � ا � ا ��ل � ب� � �ة ب ا � ا �� ���د ا ا ��لب ا � � � � ل � ل � � ا � � م� ك ح � � ل � ب� ل�د ة� � � � � � � � �� � � � ل ��س�� �ل� ب��� بل��ة ر �� �ل ب �� ة � ب� �و ب� و رةر �ة� �و س ة ة ��ة حة ا �����ل � �ب � ا �� ب ل � � ��س ب� � ا ب � ا ا ا � � ب ب ّ �م� �ة� ة��د ل�ورةر و ر �� ب� � �ل� د � او ر�����ل ا�ام�� ��و ب� ����هة��� ح�د ة�ل��ر�� ��ة� � ة ة ع � ب �ب�ا ��� �مر�����ل �م بس �ع ب��د ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ���. ة ة ة � ب ب � ب ة ة ��� �ب �ب����ا � � ا �ب�ا � ��� ا ��� ب��� ب ا ب� ب���ل�م�ا ����ا �ب ��اب ح��د � ا�ام�� ��و ب� �م ب��� �و����ا �ر� ��� ��ا � ع �مرك� ب ر و ة� و �هة� ةس ر ر �� � � ب ا �� ة ب ح��د � ا ب��م�� �م�ا ���ه ب��ا � ة ب � ب��ا � �������ل ب ا ب � ح��د � ا �����ا �� ب��ا � ب� �ر���ا � � او ب� �ط�ل� ��لة��� �مرك ح��د �مركب�� و � ح�ة� ا � و ة ب � �و� � او � و ة ع � ً � � ب ب ا �ب ة بعا ا � ب � � �ب � � ب ا �لس � ب ّ �ب �ة ب ا ب � ب �ة .ا ب ب � ة � ا � م � � � � � ا ا ا ا � �س� �ب �ل�ة��� �ب� �ل �ر���ط �م او � � ���د ل � � ك ل � م � � ح � � � ب ر ر� ة ر ر �و �ة� ح�د مس ب� �رة�� حس ����ة� �ة� ب � ب � �� ��ب ا� ة � ا ةة �ل�و ر�ب�ا �� ��ط��ل�ه ب��ا ������س �ة��� ��� ا�م�� � ��و ب� ا � ة � �س�ة��ا � ����ه� �و�ل� ب� ���د � �وب�ا ك���ل � ل ح��ل لس�مة�� ا �مر ا ����د ا د �ة� س م ة ا ��م � � ة ا �ب � ا ا� ا ب ب ا �ة � ة ب � � ب ا � ب �ة � � � ا � � � م ب � � � � � � ل � � � ل �س��لة�� �و � �� ��د ر ب ة م ة� ر ة� ح� �مس �ة���ل�و ر�� ا ��ة� ا � �و���ل� ا ��ة� �مر� ة ة ب �م� ب ب � ا � اب � ب � ح�ا ��ل�� � �م�ا �و��� � �ورا ��ة� ��ة�ر ل �س��لة�� ع �ر� � �و ب � �م��بس ا �ة� ا ر �وج� ا �ة� �ب��هرة���س ��ة� ����ل � و �مر� ة ة � ا� ة � �� � ا � � ح��د � ح بس �ة��لب��� ��� ّ ب��ة�رك ا ب�� ة� ا �ل�ا ب� ب��ا ��ل��ة بر�م ة� ا ر�����ل ا�م�� ���و ب� ��� ا �ب��و��م�ط� �و ر ب�� ا� ع ا ��ة� ة� ع � � ب ب �ع ب��د ا ����د ا د �ة� �ة��ل�� ا ����ل�ك ��ة� ���د � ا �ب��ل�� د. ب ب � ب ة �ة � � ة � �ب��ل�م�ا ���سم�� ة� �م ب��� ���د ا ا �� ك� �� �ل�� � او �����لة��� � او � ���ل�� �م � ح��د ب��ا ���ر� � بو�ل���د� �و���� ة� �مر� ا �لو ب ع �� با ب ً � ة �� � � ا �� � ب � � � ّ �م ب ا � ا� �� ا �� ا � ا ب �م �ب�ا � � � بب ا ا � ���ا ا � ك � د � � � � � ل � � � ع��مر� � او �� ا �ة�� ل ل � ح��ة�� ل� ب ة� ب ر ة� �ة� س ول ة� مب ر ح��� ب��ة����� �و� ر
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Chapter Ten
sent me to Paris with some letters for the minister about a very urgent matter, which had to do with an audience with Sultan Aḥmad. After having presented gifts from the king of France, the ambassador prepared to meet the sultan in the company of the grand vizier and the dragoman. They passed through the third gate of the palace.43 Now, the Ottomans have a very old custom. When an ambassador enters the third gate of the palace, the chief eunuch comes forward to relieve the ambassador of the rapier he wears at his side, out of respect for His Majesty the king. But when the gatekeeper tried to do so, the ambassador pushed him away and refused to let them take his rapier! “The grand vizier was flabbergasted and the dragoman just about lost his 10.72 senses, pleading with the ambassador to let them take his rapier in accordance with their ancient custom. But he refused to let them lay a hand on it. “‘I’ve been ordered to greet His Majesty the king wearing my rapier,’ he told the grand vizier. “‘Impossible!’ the grand vizier replied. ‘I cannot allow you to appear before His Majesty with a rapier.’ “So the ambassador left without an audience and returned to his palace. In the meantime, the grand vizier wrote a letter to the French king’s minister, apprising him of the ambassador’s insolence. As for the ambassador, he wrote his own account of the incident, and handed it to me to deliver personally to the minister. He also warned me not to let anyone know that I was traveling on his behalf. “I took the letter and boarded a French ship, along with two companions. 10.73 No sooner had we set sail than we were attacked by a pirate ship. They seized our vessel and robbed us of all our possessions! They even stole our clothes, leaving us naked. One of the sailors took pity on me and offered me this ripped tunic. Eventually, they dumped us in the harbor of Livorno and we were reduced to begging for food to stay alive. And yet, I still had the letter. “I was determined to complete my mission, so I gradually made my way from Livorno to Marseille. But after several days in Marseille with no clothes and no food, I realized that it was all but impossible for me to reach Paris, for no one had taken pity on me as you did. I was compelled to send the letter with the postal service and return home to my superior, so I wouldn’t die there.” When I heard this sad story, I consoled the young man and tried to distract 10.74 him from his troubles. In this way, an affectionate bond developed between us and we became close friends. I told him my own story from start to finish.
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�ا ب �س�ة��م ب��ا �م����ا �ب ل ب ا �� �����ل�� �م ب بد ا ة� ا ��ل��ل��ا �� � ب��� ���د � ا ب��ل � او � ة � ��ا �ب �لة�رب� ب� برلر� � � برلر� �س��لة�� � و ة ة� ة رةس ة� ة س ة ة � �ب �ب ب ب ب ب �ب ���ا ب�� ة� ��� �ة��د ا �ل�سم����ا ء � او �ل�سم����ا � �و�� بس ك� ك� ���ا �ب�ل او �ر ب� ��� �بر�ب����ا ء �و ��� �مر�ور�ب�ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� م��ا � ة ة ة ة ة ع ة ب �� ب ا ب ً �� ة ب ��ا ب�� ة ����� � ب � ا ب � ة �وب��ا ��ة��ل�� ة ب� ب� �م ب ا ب��ل � � برلر� �مرك� ب� �ر���ا � �وك�� � ة ل� � � ط��س �مركب���� �� ح� س �� �وة�� �ل�� ا � �ل��مر ر ج ة ب ب� � ة ب � ��ب �����ل��ة ا ��ل�ا �ل����ة � � ���ا رد �ة� ا �عب�� ا ��ل � ار ��س �����ا �ة�لة��� ك� ���ا �ب�� �مر� او ا �� ك� ع��مر �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� ��ب� بر ة� ة ة� � � � � � ب ب ة ح�� �م ب ا �ل ح�ا � ب� � برلر� �كب�ب��ه� او ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � � او ����ط�ا �ة�لب���. رب س ب بة ا � � �� ب ا �ب � ا ب � ��� ا ��ل�� بد �� ب� ب� ���ه ب��ا �م ب �م ��س���ل��ا ا ء ���ا �و�ا�م�ا را �و��� � ��د ��ل��ك ا�ا�مرك� ح ��ط �مرك���� �� ا لر��� �ول�� س ر ةة ر ر ة ب ب ة ج ب ًا � � ب حة ب � ب ا ا �ب ا� � ا ةا � ب ا � ا ب � ا �ة ا ة ح ��ط ��ة� ا �لر���ا ��� ا � ��� �و�ه�و ا �ة�� ح�د�� ��� �ة� ا�م� او ��م ��ط�� �و�م� �ب �ل�� ��لة��� ا �ل� لر�����ل ����� � �ة�ل� ة � �� � � � ة � ب � ة ����� ب �����ا ب���ل�م�ا را ء ة� ا ��ل �����ا �ة�لة��� �ب�ا �ب����ا ���ا ر�ة �ب�� بس ا�ا�مر ب� ح�ة� ��م��س�� ةس �و�م�ا ��� د ا ���� ��� ب �م��� ح د ة ب��ة ر ع ل ب ��و ة � ��ب � ةب ب ةب ب ب � ب ب ة �ب ة �م �ر �ل او ���ل� ���ا ا ���ه ةر��ب��� �ة��ل�� �ة�ب� ة���ا �م�د ا ��� �و�ةل��ر��مو���ا � �ل� ة� ��ل���ع���ا �و�و���� ة� ���ل�م�ا �و���� ة� لر�ل ة�م�� � ب �ع ب ب ب ا ة ا ة �� �ل� ���ا � � �لةه��د � ���ا ���ه ب��ا �ب��ل�م�ا �ة � �مب���ا ح ب�� د � ة � � ب �ل ح�ة� ة�م��س��و وة ة و رب � �مس �ع��د �� �� �ة�ل� ا ����ب��ة�ر �و ب��م�ل�� �مس ا ب� و � ا ب ب� � ب ة � � � ة ب � ا ة ب ا ةب ب �ة �ةا ة ح ة� ة���ل� �ع��ا � � ا� ��� ��ة�س و� ا � �ل�� �ة�ل� د ا ر� ��لة��� ا �ل�������ل�و ��ط� � �� �م�س� �� او �عس ا � �ل�رب� ا �ة� ��� �و �ة� د �ل�ك م ل ا ا ب ب ب� � ة � ا �� �ة ا �� ��ا ب طهر���ا. �و �رب��� ب �لو ��م�ط� ل ة ��� ب� �ل بو��ب�� ا �ع��ة� ��ة� �� � � ك�� � ��� � رج ة � ب � � �� ب ا �� ة ح ��ط� ا �� ا �ل ���ا � � ا ا ب اب ا ب ا ا ا ب ��م� ���ل�م� را ء �مركب���� �و�مرك� ب� ا �ل��ر �ب� ����� ��ر��ب� � و ة� ر و �� �و ��ط�و��� �م� ب��ة�� � ب ب � ة �� ب � ة �ب � ا � ة �ا � � ح ���ط�ا ���ط� ���ا ��� � 1ا � ا ل �����ة �� ���ا �������ل� �مك� �����ل� �ة� ا �ل� �و�ل �و��ر��ب� � �و� �ل� �مر� ا � و و رو ةر و ب �� ا� ا ��ا ب � ة ا ا � ا ا� ا ��ا ب����� ب �ب ب �ً�� ����ل�� �ة�ه � ا �� ب� ًا ب �ب� �لر��� ��س �مس ا بل ب ةس ر ة � ر ب ة ��� �مس �ة��د �ه�م �و�م� ك�� � �ل او لةر���� ��و��� �ب� �لر��� ��س �� ة � ا ب � � ا ة ة � � ا ة اب ب � ا ب ب � �� ب � � ب ا س�م� �� او �ب� ��ط� � ا �ل���� �ة�ل��� ب��ة�� ��و�ل ا �ة� ب��م� �ع��� �ب� �����م �ة��ر� �ل او �ل�ل�ه�ب��ر �ة��ل� ة������ ب� �ل او �مس ا �لر��� ��س � ب�ب � �ب بب ��ا ب �ب ا ب �� �ل �ب ب � � ب ب �مرب� �و����ا �ل�و� ا �ل��د � ك�� � �� ��� ل��ر� ا�ام���ر����ر��م او ��� �وة�� �ب�ا �ب�� �ر�����ا �و�ة� ����ل �� او �ع ب��� ا ��ب� ة� � رل ة� م ج � �ب �ب � ة ب ح�ا �ب���� ا �ب�ا ب��ل�� ب� ة�ب� ���ط�ا ب�� . حة�ب�ً�د �عر�ب�مو� �و�ه�و ا �ل��د �ة� ��ط��ل� �ب�ا �ب ��و�� �م بس ة���ل�و� ب��ا ب� ع ��� � ���م �مس م ة ب � � ب حة ��ة����ل ا ب �� ة ة��� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م��� او �و� ا � ك� ح�ة��ة �� او �ب�ا �ب�� �ه�و د ��ل��ك ا � �لةهب� ��ط�ا ب� � ب��د �م�وا � �س���لة��ا ��ة� ة ب � � �س��ل� �مر� ة م ب� � ب ��� �ب����� ل�� ������ � ��� ���د ا �و���ا ر� او �ة�ا ب� ��ا ���ر�. ح��د � او ب � ة� م � ة � � اب ة � � ا ة � ب ة ب ب � ة ا ا ب ب �مرب� ا �لر��� ��س � او �و� ��و� ��� �ر�ك� �مس � � �و� �ة� �ة �لو�م ا ر�����ل� او �ل�� ��ل�ع �ل� � ��ل���� ب �مة�� � ة ب � ة ب ب� ��ا �ب�� ��ا � �لب��ا �ة�� � �م ب�� ا �ب ���� � �لة � ب �� ���م ا ��ة� ا � �مركب��ب��ا �و����ل ا ��ة� �رب� �مة�ب��� ا ر�م�ة�ر �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ب �ل ة ر � �م و � �و �ة� رة � « 1ف���ف�ه���ل ت ح��ط�ا ط �ه�ا » ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش �� ك� ص��س. ���ا ...ا � و ت� �
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Chapter Ten
One night during our voyage, we drew near the island of Sicily. It was governed by Austria, which was at war with France.44 The ship was on guard, fearing the possibility of pirates attacking us from the island. The sky was luminous that evening, as the moon was in the fourteenth night of its cycle. Suddenly, the night watch spotted what seemed to be a vessel sailing away from the island, so they woke the captain and the rest of the crew. When the captain spied the vessel, he ordered our ship to pursue it. Mean- 10.75 while, the other ship that had departed Marseille with us also spotted the vessel and likewise set off in pursuit. We soon caught up to the vessel, drawing up on either side of it. All that was left to do was to send a longboat full of soldiers to seize it. When our quarry realized they were caught between two ships and had no way to escape without being fired upon—which could only lead to the sinking of their ship—they lowered their sails and came to a standstill. We put our longboat in the water with the soldiers so we could seize the enemy ship and hitch it to our own, but as soon as the longboat approached them, they swung their cannons up, barring it from coming any closer. Then they hoisted their sails and took off again with the help of a wind gusting over their poop deck, which is to say their stern. At this sight, we set off in hot pursuit together with the other ship, and 10.76 closed in on it once again. But they pulled the same maneuver as before and escaped a second time! On the third chase, our two ships began to spray the enemy vessel with shot, hoping to prevent it from slipping away again. As soon as the fusillade began, the captain of the enemy ship could be heard telling his crew to go down into the hold so they wouldn’t be struck by the shot raining down on them. His voice was recognizably French, so our ships ceased fire. “Identify yourself!” we called out over our bullhorn. “I’m Captain So-and-So!” he replied. It was the same captain who had left Marseille with us in order to benefit from our protection.45 As soon as our crew confirmed that it was indeed that captain, they regretted their action and offered their apologies to the man. The next day, we sent the ship some new sails, as the old ones had been 10.77 shredded by our shot, and advised its captain not to stray far from us. Then we set off again, and sailed without incident until we drew near to the port of Izmir.
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149
�ب � ا� ا � �ل�����ل ا �ل��� ��مر
ب � ا �� �كة ة ب� � � ب ا � � � �ب �� � �م ب ا �� � ب � � ب ب ��ه ب��ا ا �ة� � �ل او ��ة� ا را ���ة� ا�ا � �لو � ربج ��لة��� ةر �� �� ���دة��د س لب� ر �ر ب مور� �و�مس ب ج � � � ا � ة � �ب ب� ب ا � � � ا ��ل�س � ب � � ب ا ا � ب � ط ا � س �ه ب��ا ك ر ب� � � � ل ا ه � � � � � � ا � �وع�� � ���د �� ل ةر و م�وبج ب ر ل����دة��د م� ب�ةس � ��ه ب��ا �و ��ة� ر ب � �ور� ��ة� �ة� �ة� ج � �ةل�� � ا �� �ة� � ا ��ل ة �ه � �ة ا � ا �� ��� ب �� �ب ا � ة � � ا � �لةه ب��ا �س��ة��م ب��ا �ة �ل � �و�����ل�� �م�ا ��� ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ��� ط� بس �� ��ول � ��ور و ة لك لر��� ��ة� �ة� ��� بل��ل م ب ب ةس وم ة ب ب � � ب �ة ة ب ا ب � ب ب ���ب��ا � ���ل��� ب��� ��ا � ��ب � �ل � ا �����ا �� ا ����� � ب��ا �� ب��ا ���م �م ك� �� �ك ر � �مس ا �لب��رح�ة� ��د ر�� �ربج �مس �ب�ة�س ة ب ر � ر ب و � و ة� ة وم �ة� ر ل بر ج �ةل��ل�ك ا ��� ط� بس � �ب�ا ا �ب��ا ر�� �ةل���ا ��� ���� ا � �ود� �����بث�ا. �ور �ب�ا �ل����ل�� �م�� �و���س ل ح����ا �ب�� �و ب�� �� ��ر ة ة ة�
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Chapter Ten
A heavy gale then rose up from the land, blowing us back into the vicinity of the Morea. We fought our way back, but the wind and waves tossed us in the direction of Istanbul, where we found ourselves stranded among the reefs. We spent all day and night between the rocks, certain our ship would be wrecked and we’d all perish. But the next day, our Lord sent us a wind from the coast and we were able to sail away from the reef, thankful to the Almighty Creator for His beneficence and grace!
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151
ا �� ب ��ح�� ا ��ل � � ل � �ح�ا د �ة� �ع ����ر1 � ل ب ��ة�
ب � �� ب �ا ا �� �� �� د ا ��ل ���م �ة د ��ول�ح ة� ب ل ر�
ب� � �� �بم ��ح��ل ب��ا ��ا ��ل���� �� �م�� ا �� �م�ب���ة ا ب �م�� � �ل���د �م�ا ����ا �م ك�� ��ب��ا ب�ر ب� �و� ح ة� �م بس ا�ا�مرك� ب� �و����ه� د �ل��ك ب ل �ة� ة ر ة ر بو ر رب �ة � ب ب � � ب ة ا � ب ���� ة� ر ب� � ��ر� ���ل�م�ا ب�ر ب� ا ��ل �����ا ب� ا �ل����ا ب� �لة� د ل� ح ة� �م بس ا � �لة��ا �ة�لة� �و�و ب� ح���ة� �ة� ا �لب��ر �ورا ��ة� ا�م����ل�م��ةس � ح����ل ة� ��ب ا ��ل����م � �ب��د �م ة� ��� �م�ا � دةل ب ��ب� ا �� �� ���ا �ب� � ا�ا� � � حب� ة���لب��� � او �ب�لو�ع�م ة� ك� ���مرك �بر ب� � و � ة � ر ة ة مو ب �و س ة ة� � ة ��� ة� ا �� ���م ا�ا�م�����ل�م�� ب ب ة �� ب ب ة�� ة � ا�م���� ح��� �ور ب� ةس. ������ل� �ة��� ا �ة� لرك�� �ب�ل� د ة�سة ة� ة ر با � ح� � �ة� ا ة����س ب� ا �� � � ا ب �بة ة � ة � ب �ة ب � ّ ا � حة�� �م� ا �م���ة� ك ب�س�ه��� ح�ة� �و����ل�� ا ��ة� حة��ً�د ا � ��� ا ��ة� ��� ب�ة� و �ة� ب �ة� �ة� ب � � ب ب ة ح��د � � �م�ا �ا � ة �ة ب م���ل�ب� �و ��ب� ا ����ا � ا ب� �م ا � ب�ل� �ب����ا � �و�� �و�ه�و ب���� ة� � ك� ح ك� �� ر�ة�� �ول ار ب��م��ةس �و� م و ة ب ب ة ب�ة��� �� ر ر ة ب � ب � ح�ب��د بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا � ���ط��ل� ا بد ب� � م��ا ب�� . ة� ���سب��� د ��ل��ك �������د �ب�ا ا ��� ا ��ل�� ا�ا ك� ح�ة� �ة��د ب� ب ة ً ح��ل ب ة ة ة ا � ب ة ا �� �ة ب ب � ا � ا ب ب ة � � ب ا ا ا �� �ة ب ب � ب� � �مر�����ا ر ة� �ة�� �مر �ب����د ا �ع ��ط� ا �ل�د � ا �م���ل�� ا �م� �م له�� �مر� له�� �ة�ل�� ب�ل��ل ح� ح���ل�� د �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب� ة � ب � اب �ة � � بب ا � �� � ��ب� ا �ب�� � �������ل ب �ة ��ب� ا ب� � �مر�ة ا �ل�ا ب ��ل حب� ح��ا �م بس ا � �ل�ر���ا � � او �ل�� ��ة� ا ر����ل�� ا ��ة� �ر����� �و�ة ب �ة ����� ب ا ��� ا ��م ��� ب � �� ب � ب �م �ة ا ��ل�ا ��ل ب � ا ب ة ه �م بس ك�� ��ل�� �م�� �و�عر�� ا � �لهب�� را ب� ةس ة� ��ة� ��ل�م� ا �� � ب �� ��و�ل ا �ة� �ع��د ح� ر ب �مر � �ة� � �ة با � اب � ب ب ا ��ا ��ل ا �م ب� حةهة ��ة���ة ا �م � �ب�م�ب ا ��ل �� ��ور � او � ح ب� � ح�د ا �ل��را ب��م��ةس ا �م� �م�� � او �مر� �ب� ��� ة�م���ة� ب���� ا �ة� ر ر ة� � ة ا � ا � ا �ة � � ا �ب � � �ة � �ب ا ب ا �� � ب � ا ��ة ا �� � ا �ل�ا�����ر�ة�� �و�ة�لو���� ��� ح ب� �ل����� رة� �ب� � ةل ��و �ة� �ود �� ا ة� � ح�ةس م� ة � ��� �مرك� ب� ا �ة� �ة ة م �ب � �� ��و�ل لةر�����ل ب��ا ������. ا ��م �� ب ب � � � � � ب ب ة ة ب ب � م��� �ب �� � ب � ا � � ا � �ةه ا � � ب ب � م��ا � � ك� ��مب���� ب�� ب��ا ا �ل��ر ب��م�ا � ا ��� ا �ل�ا�����ر��� �و�ه�و � ك� ةس �و��ة�ر�ه� �ل� ب ة�� رل�و ة�� ل ب�� �ط� ة ة ة م � ب ا ��لةس ا � ا ل ب ا �� �� � ة ب ا �� � م��ا ب �ا�م ب��ا �مة�ب��ا � ب�ل� �����ا ة� �ب��ب ط �ب �� ��ب��� � �م�ل�� حب� ����ب ا � � � � � � ل � � ا � � ل ع � � � � ل � � � ك � ة و �و بر مس ب�� ر برة س رة�� بة س � ��� � �ب ���م � ��ب ا ��لب���د ا � ا ��ل�� �����ا ح��� ب �ب�ا � ة �ة ب ا ب ا � � ب ب�ا �ة ا ة � ا � ب� ب ا � � و �س���م�� �� ك��ل و رب ة� م���ل �� ��ط� �م ا ���� ر�ة� � �ب�ل� د ل� �ر���� � �وة� � او س ف أ ت ف 1ل �ترد ر� ����ه�� ا ا �ل��ف�����ص�ل �ت� ال��ص�ل. م م
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Chapter Eleven
In the Lands of the East
We arrived safely in the port of Izmir, and once the ship had dropped anchor
11.1
I disembarked along with the young man I mentioned earlier. As soon as I got out of the rowboat and set foot on dry land, I saw the Muslim customs inspectors, and my heart skipped a beat. I was overcome with an awful sense of foreboding, as though I’d been taken prisoner, and instantly regretted what I’d done. How could I have left the lands of the Christians to return to being a prisoner of the Muslims? My friend turned to me and told me to follow him, and we soon arrived
11.2
at the residence of the French consul. It was a stately house with janissaries guarding the door, and was full of dragomans, servants, and other attendants. We went upstairs and the young man asked to be admitted to meet with the consul. With permission granted, we presented ourselves before him and the young man set about recounting the story of how he had been dispatched to France by His Excellency the French ambassador in Istanbul. “We were robbed by pirates,” he explained, “and are now on our way back to Istanbul to see His Excellency.” Having learned who the young man was, the consul immediately summoned one of his dragomans and ordered him to take us to an inn. The consul recommended us to the innkeeper, entrusting us to his care until such time as a ship was ready to depart for Istanbul. The dragoman brought us to a very fine inn frequented by ship captains and traveling merchants, and we were given a place to sleep with clean beds and fresh white sheets. It was just as orderly as the inns in French lands, if not more so. We spent the rest of the day there, savoring delicious food and drink for lunch and dinner, and enjoying the wonderful service.
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153
11.3
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� �� � � ا� �ة ��ب� � �و��ا �ب� �ة �لو� ة��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا ب� ��ل�ا �ب �لة�� ة� �ة�� ك� ح��د �م�� ���� ا ����� ����ل �ه� ا�ام��ة�� ������ �� ب� �و ب� � ة �ب� ك��ل ��ة ة م ة� ة� م ب �ة ب� � ة ب ا��ب ب ة ة ب ب� ة � � ب ��ط�و�ل �م�ا ���ك ����هة� ��مو�م ا ��ب��س��ة� ��م���ة��� ������ �ول�ر ب ح� ��ة� د رب ��ة� ���ة� ا �م� ل�س ا ر�م�ة�ر �و��هة� ��ة� ة ا ةا � ب ب ة � � ة � ��ا �ب ب ب � ب � ا ب �ةرب� ا �ل�ا� ك� ح�ا ر� �م��������� ��ط� �ول��ل�� �و ب��مة�� �س���ل�� � ع ب��ة ��و����� �� ������ةس ب� ر رجب � �و��ة�ره�م �مس ا �لب�ة�� ���ةس ة ة � ب � ب � � ب �ب ب� ب ا � ا � ب ب ��� ب � ح�ا ر�ة ا � ب�ل�رب� ���ا �� ةس ��� ا ��ل��د ك� ةس� 1ب ب� ��ط�ة�ر �ب�ل�� د ا � ب�ل�رب� �و��هة� ����سم�ا � � او �ل��م ار لس رب �و����� �ه ب� ح� �ل����� ة م ة � ج ج ة ج ��ا ا�ام�����ل�م�� ب ���� ب ب����ا � ا�ا�م�د �� ب��� �ل�ه��د� �عب���ا ���ة��د ا �م��� ا ��ل ��ة ��ه ا �����ل��د � ا�ا�م�د �� ب��� ا �� �لة��ا ��� ب � ةس ة� ب ر ر ة ل ة� ة� ب و ة � و ة بة ةس ة � � � � ة ة ب ة ا ة ب � ا � ب ��ا � ���� ا ا ا ا ا ا ب � او ��ل ��ا �ة��� ا �ب��ل� د � �ول��ل�ك ا �ل ���د��� �م ب� ح�� � ح ك� �� ر� �م� ب��ة��د � �� ر ا�م�����ل�م��ةس �و��ة�ر�ه� ل�� ا �ل� �� � � ب س م م � ا � �م بس ا �لر�� �ة�. � �ب ب � � ب� ا ب ح��ل ب��ا � اء �ب�ا ا ��ل ��� ��� ة� ��م�� ب�ة��� �� ب�د ��ل��ك ا ��ل ����� �ا�م�ا �م���ة� ب�ة� ا ��ة� دلةر ا �لة������و�عة��� ��ل�م� د � ور رة س ب � ب ر ب ب �ب � ب ب ب با ة ب ب ب ب � �� ب �� ا ب� � ك� ���ا � ��ة� ا ��م �� ����� � د ح��ل ب��ا ا �ة� ب��ة�� ة� ا�ام�ا �ة��د� �و� �� ��و�ل �ك�����ل�م� او ���� بل�� ��ة��ه�� �و�و���� ��ة� ب م م ة � � � � ب ا �ة � �� � � با � � � ب ح�ا ��ل��ة ا �ل ��ة �ه�و ب� ���ا �و�ع �ر� �� � ك� ����ة�ر �� ����ا �ل�� ا �لر���س �ع بس � ح��ا �ل�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� � او بحب��� �مو ة� ة� � ة ة ة م � � � � اب ��ا ب ���� �ب � ا ب � ب ة �� ح��د ب ب� �س�ة� ا � �لة ��و�ل ب��ا �ة�لو� ���لة��� �و����ل�� � � او ب� �مر� ��ا ���ر� �ل� � ك�� � بة �ر� ب� � ح� ���لة��� �مك� � ب � بً � � ��� � ب ا � ا ��ل � ة ب ب � �و ب� ح��دا رة��ة��� .ا � ح��� ��مو�ة� ����ة ر �وك ح�ة�را �ام�ا رد �ب�ا ��م���ة� ��ط��ل ب� ���ا � را ��س ���� ك����ل ب�� �ل� ب��ة� ة ب ة ��� � � � ب ب ب � � ���ا � �ع ��� ���د �� ب��� � �� ا ��م �� ب د ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا ب� �م بس ا �لر��� ك� ���ا �لر��� دلةر�ه� ���م���ل ب� �لو������ �� ��و�ل �ة��د �ب�� و ة � � س ة ب ر س س ة ة م ة م ب � � � � ا �� ب��ة � ب � �ة ب � ب ة � ب ا ا ا � � � ل � � � ل ل � � � ه �� � � � ا � � � � � ا �ب�ا ب� د � � �س��د و� د ر � ل�دةر وكل�� ب� � ة� ح� بل��د ر م� ةرة��د. �ر� �و ��ة� ا � � ل � ح�ا �ب�� ة� ل م م ب ا ب� � ب� ة � ب � ج � ك�� ��ة ��ل�� � ة��� �ب � �� �����ا .ا ب ح��ًا � د �ع ب��ا � � �م ب ���� ب��ا � �ا�م�ا � �� � � � � و ة و ةر و ور ة� و و � ح�د �م����� �ع��مر�عر��س و ب � ب ب� � ب ا �م ب ا �� � ل ا � �� ا � �ةل�� � ا �� � ا �ه ة ا � �لةه ا � ا ب ح�� ب� ب� ة � � ر بح�� س ل�دةر ع�ط� ة� لك ل�د ر �م �و����ة� ب ة� ��� �����ك �ل� ب� ل ر حة�� ا �ل�د ر ب� �و�مس � با � ب با � ةة ب ب � ة ب � �� � ب ب ب ����به ب��ا ا ��ل ��� ا �� ب� ًا �ه�� ك م� ��� �و ب رة س ة ��ة���� ا ��ة� دلةر ا � ب ح��ةس ��� ة ��� � او ��س���ر��س �م��� �ع��مر� �عر�و��س بً � ب ب � � � ب � ة � �� � ا ة � ة ة ���ا �و�ل���د ب�ر�و ب� ��ل��ا �ب�ا �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��د را �ه� ��ر� ة��ل م� �� ح ب��ا �م بس ا �ل��دلةر ا �ع ��ط�ا ��ة� ��هة� �و����� ا ��ة ل ا �ة�� ب م ة � ً � حة � ب�ل�� ���ه ب ا � � ا ب � ة ب � ح��د�ب�ا �م بس رة���س ا �لة������و�عة��� ا ب� ا �ل ��ة� ا ب� ���ا ���د � ا �ل�� ���مر� �عر�و��س ��ة� ة ���ل �� و�ل� ح��د ة� ا �ة� ب� ة �� ب ب ا ةل��ور��. ب � ��� ب � بة ة ب ة � ب ب � بة ل��ا ر����ط �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك ��م �ب�ا �ب��د � � ب���ةح�س� � � �و��� ����ب��ر�� �ب ���هة� ����هة���م����� �و�ع��مرةلس �عر��س ك�� � ر ور و ربج ب � ب ��ا ��ل ��م�ة��د ا ب��م�����ة � � �ب� �� ب ب ا ة ة ا ع��م �ة �لو� ��� ا ك�� ���ل �و ���مرب� � �وة�� بر� �ولع�م��ل �ة��هة��� �� ��س����م ب�� ���ة� ���د ا ا �ل ب ر ر م ة� أ كا � ف تس. 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل�� �
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Chapter Eleven
“As long as you’re with me, you won’t need to worry about your next meal,” said the young man the next day. “Come on, follow me.” So I did, gazing upon the sights of Izmir as we went on our way. By the harbor was a large quarter inhabited entirely by Frankish merchants and other Franks involved in commercial dealings. Their women sat in the shops just as they did in Frankish lands. It was called the Frankish quarter. The main city of Izmir was about a mile away, and that was where the Muslim merchants and the governors lived, just like any other city. The only other people who would enter the Frankish quarter were Muslim merchants or other subjects who had a reason to be there. The young man brought me to a Jesuit monastery. When we went inside and
11.4
the abbot saw us, he was stupefied because he recognized the young man, whom he’d known from Istanbul. They greeted each other, and the abbot ushered us into the dining hall, offering us refreshments and treating us most cordially. He asked the young man about the state he was in and his threadbare clothes, and the latter told him the story. The abbot then offered his consolations and sympathy, for he knew how much His Excellency the ambassador loved this young man. After all, he’d been the chief of all the embassy officials. When it was time to leave, the young man asked the abbot if he could borrow a few piasters from him, which he would repay to the abbot of the Jesuit monastery in Istanbul, as if he were using a promissory note. “Of course,” said the abbot, opening the monastery’s cashbox and inviting the young man to take as much money as he needed. He took fifteen piasters and wrote a receipt for the abbot. Then we bid him
11.5
farewell and set off. As soon as we left the monastery, the young man handed me the money. “Keep this with you,” he said. “Travel expenses.” Then we went to the Capuchin monastery, where the abbot similarly invited us in for refreshments. The young man borrowed ten piasters from him, which he also gave me after we left. “Just in case the money we took from the Jesuit abbot wasn’t enough, I thought I’d pick up another ten piasters,” he explained. “That way, we’ll have plenty and won’t have to worry about running out.” Now I had twenty-five piasters, all in zolota coins. So off we went, touring the city and seeing the sights, buying treats, and having a great time. We spent fifteen days in this fashion, eating and drinking and strolling about. Finally,
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11.6
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� � ا ب �ا ب �ة ا � ة �� � ة ب ا �ة� �ة �لو�م �م بس ا �ل��ة�ا �م ا �ة� �مرك� ب� ب����ة�ر �م بس �م� �مر � او �� ��� بلس �ورر �و�م� ��س �و�م� ���ة� ا �ة� ب� � ا ��م ��� ب � ب ا ة � ب ا � ة ا ب �� ب ب ا ا ب ب ا ب ب ب � ب ب � � ا� �� ب ب �� ب��س د �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب� �� ��و�ل �� ��ة� ا �لة��� ا �ل��ر ب��م� � �وك���ل�ه�� �ب� ���� ���ر�ل ��ة� د �ل�ك ا��مرك� ب� � � ب ب � ب ب ة ب ب ب � � � ب ب � ة ب ة ا ا ا ا ا ا ا ة � � � � �وة���� �ة�مو� �ة� ا ��ة� ح�� �م���� ا ��ة� ا��مرك� ب� �و����ح� �ر �� ب��ة��� �و��ل��ل�� �ب� ��ة� ا �� ب����� �ر ا ��ة� � ح��ل ب� ة ة � م ة � �ة ب �ب ا ا ب � � ب ا � � ا ب ب ة ة �ب ا ة � � ا �ب �ب � � � � ل � � � � �� � ا ا ا ا ا � � � ��� � م � � �� ��ول. ع ا �و�ل ���ل � بح� ب ��ة� �سة���ل س ب� �ل�ك ة� �ة� ة� بل�ة�� � ر �ك �ل� �ة� م ب بً ط��س ة � ة � ا ب �� ب � �ة ب ���م ك ا�ا�م�ب��ا ح��د ��ب ������ �ب�م ب� ب ا � با � ا� ح�ة�را �م�ا ا � ل م��بس ح�ة� ا � ة� ��ة���� � ب ح��� ا �ل��ر ب �م� � ا �ة� ا � �و���ل�� � ر ة � � � �ة ب � ة � ب ب� �� � .ة ة ب ة ح�ا ��ل�� ا ب���ة ا � �� ���مرك �و� ح��دا � ب� ح�ا �ل��س �ب� ��ط�ا � د �ل��ك ا�ا�مرك� ب� حة�ب�ً�د � �ل��د �م ا �ل��ر ب��م�ا � � ار��ة� ب� س � � ب �ة ا ب ب ب � ب ا �ب ب � � ا� �� ا ���� ا ب���ة ا �� �� ���مرك � او � �� ح� �� ������ �م بس ���ر�� ا � �لهب�� �مر �ب� ��� �ة��ر��� �ة� د �ل�ك ا��مرك� ب� �و�ة�لو���ة� ة ة ب ة �� ب ة �� � �ل ب ا �ب ب � � � � ة ب ب ب ة ب ة ا ا ا ا � ب ب � � � ���مرك � او ��� ا � ا �� �لهب� ��ط� � �كة��� � او � ��� ا �ل��ر ب �م� � �و����ل�م�� ��� �ة��د ا ��� ا � ���مرك ���� �م�� �ة� �ة��د ة � � ب ة � � ب �ة � ب ب ة � ب � ���� ا ��ل��ةر ب��م�ا ب� � �لو�ل�ب��ا ا �ع��� ل�ر�وة�� ب��ا� . حة�ب�ً�د د ��� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � ا �بل�س �ر�� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � � او �و���ا � �كة�ب��ا �و�ب� ب� ة ة ة ا �� � ب ل ب �ب ا �� �ة ا � ة � ا � �ه � ا �ب � ا ب� �د � �ب ا ا �� ا�ا� ك�� ���ا �م � �� ب� ة ا � � �ل� ��� �ب ا � ح���� ب�� � �وة��دلةر� او ل�دة س �ة� ل�� ةل�� و مر �م ب� ����م ة� ح� و� �ة� �مر ب� وة �ط�و� ك ر �ة� ة �� � ��� ا �� ا �� �لة��ا �لة �ب ا �� ب��ا ا ��ل��ة ب��م�ا ب� ا ���� �� ب��ا ب��م����� ب ��ا ����� ���ل�ب��ا �ب�م ب� ا ةس ا ة���ة �ب �ل�� طس�م�ا ة� ��ة�� ب�� ��� ا بلسرة ة� ة�� رة ر ر �ل ب �م ة ع � � � � ب ا ب� �ة � ة ة ة � ة ب� ة � ة ح�� ب ��م او �ل� �و��س�م��ك ������ �و���ل ة� ا �ب���ة��د � او �ع ��ط� او � ك� ����ل � او � ح�د م�� �م���� �و �م����� ا �م� ب�بس ب ب ة� ب ب با � � ب � � �� ب � ب�عر�و���س ب�ر ب� ���� ح ب��ا ��� ا �� ك� ��ة�� ب��ا ا ��ة� ا�ا�مرك�� ب� �و�و� حة� ة� ا �ل��د ر ب� ��م ب� ���ا �مر� ا �ع��ة� ا �و ب� ���ه�� � �ةوا ب ة ب ب � � ة �ة ب � � �س���م ب��ا د �ل��ك ا �ة ��و� . ر��ة ر� � او م ةا ب ب ا� حة ا � ب� ب ا � �ب�ة� ة � � � ا ب � � ا ب �� ب ا ا ل ل ب �ب ب �� � ا ��لس � � �و� ��ة� �ة �لو�م �مس �ب� ل�ر � ��ل�و�� و���� �ر و�ل� ر �� ���� ةرة س �ة� د ل�ك ب�ر �ة� ��مر �� ���ة� � � � ج ب �ب � ة � � �ل ب��� ب ا ��م �� ب �� ��و�ل ب�� � مة��د ا ر �� ب���را بر�ل� ��م��س ا �ة�ا � طو�ل��ل �و�ع �ر�ب��س �و�م ب��� ا �ة� �مة�ب��� ا ��م �� �� ��و�ل �� � بو ر ب ب ة م ة � ب ا � ب � � ب� � �ب ا � �ة ب � ة � اعب �� �ب ب � ب � ب ب ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� ا �ب ��و��� ر �رب� ةر� �م بس ا �لب��ر � ���د �� عس ا �ل�د � �و�ل � �ل� ر�م ا � �لهب� ��ط� � لةر ��ة� �ة� ج ج ����ل� �� ��� ا ��ل�ة ��ه ل ا ة� ا �� �� ب��� ب � ��ه �ل��ل��د ب ب��� � ب��ب� ب �� ب��ا ا ��� ا �����ل��د � ��م �ب�ا �ب � ة ا � ك� � �د � �س���ل� ك� ةب و ة� �ة� ة� بر ب و ر و ة� ب ر ة ر ر ة� ب و ر ور � � � �س���ل�� ب��م�����ة ا ��ا � �و�ل���د� ا �ة�ا �ب�ا ر ب ا ��لس ��� �ب�ا � ة � �س�ة��م ب��ا ��ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا� ك� �� ب�� ب��ا � ��ب� ا�ا�مرك� �وبلر ب� ة � �مس ب�ر ب ة ة ة ب م م ج عا ب � ب ب ب ب �ك����ا � �بر� �ود � ح��ل ب��ا ا �ب ��و��� ر. ب ب � بً � بب ���ا ر� �م بس ا ��لب��ر �و�مب��ه ب��ا �ع بس ا ��ل����ة�ر �بر����� ب��ا ��ب� ا � ك� �س���ل�� ر��ة�ر� � بو�ل���د �ة �لو�م�� � ب ا ��� ة ة ةس رج ة � ةج � ح �� ���ا ب� ��ا ا ���� ا ب� �ة�ا �ة��� ب��ا ا ��ل ةر� �م ب ا �بل�س ب�ب����د �ة �لو�م�� ب ا �ة�ا �ب�ا ر� �بك����ا �ب �ب�ا �و�و����ل ب��ا ا ���� �مة�ب���ة ب ك �س ��ك ب ةس ر ة ج س ر ة ة ة � ج � ب � ب ا �ب ب � ب � ب ة ب ب � ب ة ة � ب � ����� ب ب ا ا ا ا ا � ب ب ب � � � � � �ر���ة���� �ه�� ك �و �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل�لة��ل�� � ارة���� �مر ب����ةس ��هب��ل��ةس ا �لة��� � ���س ا � �لهب� ��ط� � �ب� �����م �مر ب� ةس
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Chapter Eleven
a large ship arrived from Egypt. It was carrying coffee, rice, and fabric, and was headed for Istanbul. The dragoman came by and encouraged us to leave on that vessel. “Come on, brother,” said the young man, rising to his feet. “Let’s get on that ship and get out of here!” I told him I was taking the next caravan to Aleppo. “Come now, brother,” he replied. “If you think I’m going to part with you before we get to Istanbul, you can forget it!” In the end, he got his way, and we went off with the dragoman. When we
11.7
arrived at the harbor’s customs office, I saw the customs officer waiting, the captain of the ship seated beside him. The dragoman strode up to the customs officer and instructed him, on behalf of the consul, to allow us to embark upon the ship and to place us in the care of the captain. Then the dragoman handed us off to the customs officer, who in turn handed us off to the captain, telling him to take care of us, as instructed. The dragoman paid our nawlūn, which is to say our travel fare; then the captain summoned some sailors over from a dinghy, ordering them to take us to the ship and give us a private cabin, and to take good care of us. We went with the sailors to the dinghy, and saw that the dragoman had sent over fifty uqqahs of hardtack, a wheel of cheese weighing five uqqahs, some fried fish, and a demijohn of wine. He’d also given us each five piasters of travel money. Once on board, we brought our baggage into our cabin and spent the rest of the day there. Early the next morning, we raised the sails and set off. Soon enough, we
11.8
arrived at the straits of Istanbul, which are long and broad. The journey from the entrance of the straits to the port of Istanbul was to take four or five days. But as we approached the straits, a wind blew out from the coast, preventing us from entering. The captain was compelled to drop anchor in the port of Gelibolu, a little town outside the straits.46 Each day, we’d leave the ship and tour the town, returning by night to sleep on board. After five days, a favorable wind blew from the sea, so we raised our sails once again and entered the straits. Two days later, another wind blew out from the coast, preventing us from going any farther. So we anchored in a small harbor for a couple of days until the wind changed and we could set off again. We soon arrived at the port of Küçükçekmece, where we dropped anchor.47 That night, two ships appeared, heading in our direction. The captain suspected that they might be Maltese
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157
11.9
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ة ا ب ا �� �� � �ب ب ��ل � � ة � �ب ة ب ب ا� �� ب �ب ا ب ��� ��م� ا ��ا �ل ا ر�����ل ا ب� �ر��� � �م� �� ة حب��ر ا ����ل ا � �ل��ل���� �ة� ��د �و�م ���دةلس ا��مر ب����ةس ���� ر �مس ة ب �� ب ا ب ً حة � � � ب � � ب� � �ة ب �م �ر �ل او ���ل �مرب� �م�د ا ��� ��ة� ة�� ���ا �ة�ب� ا � �ل���ل���� �ة�ب� ��� �م�د ا ��� �و�مركب���� ا �ة�� ���د ه� عس ا �ل�د � �و�ل ة� ب م ع �م ع � حة �� �� �ه ا � ا ا ب ����� ب ���� ا �ل�ه��د �ع ب ا �� �لة���ل���� � �� ب�ل �� ا ة��ل�� �� ب ا ا ا � ا ���� ا �ل�ا� ك� � � ل � � � � � � � � � ط �� ع � � � م ة� ة و م ر ب � وو �س��ل�� �� �م� ا��مر ب� ةس ر و ب ة س ة �ب ا �ب ا ب �ب � ب ب �م�ا ����� ا ���د ا �م� ا � ل �مرب�. م��س �ب� � �ة���ل �� او ا ��� م � ة ا �� � �ب ب ً � ة ب ب �ب � �ب ب ًا ب �ب � ب �ة ة ا � ا ا � ا� � �م� ا � ل ح�ة�را ��ل� �� او ���ر �ة� ا ����� ر ة� ��ل� �م�� ����ل ��� ا ��� ����ل �� ا ع �� ��� م��س ا �ة�� � �م ة و س � �م ج ً � � � � ة �� ب ب � � ب��م�� ا ��ل�� بد ل ب ك� ب ب �� ���ا ا ����ل ا �ل�ا� ك� �س���ل�� ���ا � �ل او ��ة� �مركب��ب��ا �م بس ا �لرك�ة�ب��� ا ���هر� �م او ا �ة� ا � �ل���ل���� � او �ة� ب� و ةع ة س ً ً � � � � ب ب ب ة ة ب ة � ب ب �� � �ل ا ��ل�� �م � ا ا ���� �ل��ل�ك ا�ا�م ����� ب ��ا � ا ���� ا � �ل���ل���� �م�ا ح�� ا �ام�ا ح��ا ��ل � ب ��� �م ب ا � �ل� ���ا ل � � ا � � . � � و ر ة ل ر ل ر ب ةس ب بر و ب ب ر س ر � ة ب � ا� ا ة ا �كةة�بس��� ا �مب ة ا �� � �� ب ب ا ح�ب��د ا �����ل� ا ة��ا � �لة � د ا ب� ا ح��ل�� �ة� ر ب��ة� ا��مرك� ب� � �و�ل� ��� ا � �ل�� ر ���م ب�����ل�ك ا �ل����� را � �ة ً ر و ة� و و � � � � � � ة ب ب � � � ا � � ة ب ة �س���ل�� ��م ا �ل �م بس �م�د لبر ل بس ا�ا�م ار ك�� ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ا � �ل��ا �ة�ل ا �� ا �ل�� ك� ��ا � ا ��م� ا ���ل��� � �م��س��ل� ��ه ب � ة ة �ة� ل ر و ة� م و و م � �� �� ة � � ا � � ب ة� ب � ب �ة � ب � ب ا � او �����د �و ه� ا �ة� ا �ل��ل���� �� ���� �ل�وه� �مس ���ل�و� �ل او �و�ل� �ة� ���ب�� ب� د � ح�ل �� او ا �ب ��و�� ر . م م با ا م ب ب �� ب���ل ب � ا ل ل ب �م ب���ة �ة ��ة �م ب ا � ا �ب ا �ب ب ة ا ا � ب �� ب� � � � � � ا ا ا ك � م� ل �م ح � �� د � � � م � م � �� � � � �و� � س �ل � و � ح� ب� �لوه�م س ر ب� ��ك ةرة س س � �م ج �������� �ب�ا �م ب ب��� �ب �م�ا ب� �م ب ا ��ل� ب ل �ب د �ب�ا ب��مب��� ا ��� ا ��م ��� ب ح��د �ب �م�ا ب� �ب����ا د �ب�م �ب�ا �� �� ��ل � ح�ة� �ب�ا ب� ة� ة� و و ب ر س ورةر ر ةب ة و س ة ر ر ة ب � ب بة ب � � � ب ب ة �ا �ل�ل�س � �ة ���ا ب� �ب �ب����ا � ��� �� ا ����� � �لة ��ه �� ب��ا �مب �س��م �ب�ا � �لة���ل���� ��� � او �ة�ة�� ب��ا ا ���� ���د ا ا�ا ك� � ر وة ة� رة� � بر ر ة م�� � ب��ة� �و ة� م ب ب ة ة � � ب ة ب ب � � ب � � ب � � � ا ��ة�� ا �م�ا ��ا � �� �س ا ا ة ب �م �ل� ا ���ل�ب��ا �م�د ا ��� ك���ا �� ب��ا ا ���د ا � �� � ا � و �� �م� ا ك�س��� او �مس ك��ل� �م���م ب�ل��ل �� ب �� رب�ل� �و� � بو���� بر و ة ع م و بب م � � � ب � ب � ة حب������و�ه� ��� ا � �ل���ل���� ��� � �ل�ل�س � � ��� ا �ل��د ل ب ��� ��� ��ة� ا � �لة��ا �ة�لة�. م ة � �م وب رة ة س � م ً � � � ة ا ب� � ا ا � ا ب ة ة � ب ب ا �� ة � ا �� � ا � � ب ح�د �مس ا ����ل ا � �ل���ل���� ا �ة� �ع��د �� �ل��ل�مرك� ب� �و����� �ور� او ح� ا ��� ا � �ل���ل���� �و������ �م� و ح�ة ر ب ب ا ب ب ا ب ة �� ب ب � ة � ا� �� ��� �ة� ���ط�ا ب�� ب��ا �� ب �ة��ب� ة�ل�ع�م��ل� او �ب�ا �����ا ر ���ل ���م �ب� ��ة� ا �� � او ل �� س�م���ة� ا ��ة� �ل��لك ا��مرك� ب� �و�ع��د �ة� ��ة� ة� ب �م ع�� � ب ب ب ب � � � ب ب ة ب � ��� � ا �� �ة �� ا ا ة ب ا ا ا � � ب ب ب � � ح��ل ا �ل��ر ب���م� �ل�� � او � �مر����� ا �����ةس �رب� �ر����� � �وة�� �م�� � ح�د �ه� ���ه�� �ل� ب� ���م ب�ة��� كل�م ب� ل� ر �ة� ح�د �م � بة م ة ج � ب ا ة ا ة ب ب ب � ب ا � ب ا �ة ب ا ا� ب� �ة � ب � ب � � �ب ب ��ل ا � �� ا � ا �� � � � � � � �م � � � � ا � � ب � ا ا � ا ا ا � � م �ه ل � � م ه ك �هب��ل�و �� ���د ���ور ��� � ل ة ��و �� � ة�ل� � ر �� ة �� و�� � ���د � �مر ب� �ل� ب� ر ة �� �ب���� �ب ا ا �� � ب� �ل ب ا ا ب �ة ا �� �ةه �� ا ب ب ا �� ب ا ا �� �ةه �� ا ب � ا �عة � � ا ��ل � ب ة ��� ل ب��ط� � �ر �� ل ب��ط� � �و ب �م� �� بح� ���� ��د � ة�� �ود ح� �� �و� ةس �و��د ا �م��� ا �ل���سم� و ة م ع � � � ب ة � ا �مة��ة��د� � ا ا � ا �ب ا ��بل ��مر � او � �لة��د ا � �و�� بس ��ة� ب��� �ة�� ا �ل ار � ح�� � او �ل��ب�ب������ا ��ط. و و ة� ج � � �ة � �ب ب ا �� ب ب� ب ا � ب ب �ب � ب ا ة ة � ب حة�ب�ً�د ���� ب��س ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �و�م بس ������ ���� ا �ل� ��د ا �م � او ���� رحب �� او كة��� � � ��ة� �� �و� مس � � ���و� م ة ب ا � ة �ة ب ا ب � �ب ب � ��ل�� � او ة� � او�ا��م ��ا ��ا ة� �و�م ب ا ��ل ���م ��ا ة� ا ��ل��ل�� ا ��ل ���د � ا ����� � �ة ��بهة��� � �� � �س� ه � ع �م �د� �د � د � ح� � � � � � � م ة� ة ة س ر ر ب ب م
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Chapter Eleven
pirates, so he immediately sent word to the citadel, which began to fire its cannons at the two ships. Our ship joined the barrage, aiming to prevent the ships from entering the port. But the ships dropped anchor far from the citadel and lowered their sails, a sign that they had no hostile intent. But this wasn’t enough to stop the cannons. After a while, the two ships raised a banner indicating that they came in 11.10 peace, but this too didn’t stop the assault. All the passengers on our ship soon retreated to the citadel, while the port’s inhabitants fled to the mountains in fear of the pirates. Finally, when the people on the two ships realized that their signals of peace had not convinced the citadel, they sent out a dinghy with the ship’s clerk and three officers. As soon as it arrived in the harbor, the men were seized and brought up to the citadel, where they were asked to identify themselves and explain their reason for entering the straits. “We’re two Flemish ships, and we’ve been sailing around, trying to pur- 11.11 chase wheat from the Province of the Islands,” they explained. “But no one will sell us anything unless we have an edict from the vizier. So we decided to go to Istanbul to secure one but ran into some French pirates along the way. We fled and came here to seek refuge in the citadel. What’s the matter with you, anyway? Why have you been firing your cannons at us as if we were your enemies?” But the people in the citadel weren’t convinced. They seized the men, and the sailors who had been with them in the dinghy, and threw them in jail. Then the chief of the citadel came down to our ship along with some of his 11.12 men, and consulted with our captain about how to proceed. “Why don’t you and I go out to their ship?” he suggested. “I have two Frankish men from France on board whom we can bring along to act as interpreters. One of them speaks Turkish.” They agreed, and immediately prepared a dinghy to take us out. We all jumped in and headed toward the larger of the two ships. We climbed aboard, entered the captain’s cabin, and found him sitting with his crew. They had before them some lighted candles, bottles of wine, and goblets, and all were in a very merry mood. The captain and his men rose to their feet and greeted us. Then they served 11.13 us some sweets, fruit preserves, and delicious refreshments, and we spent the next couple of hours having a wonderful time together. Finally, we bid them farewell and prepared to return, resolving to have their men sent back from the
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159
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
با � ا ةب� � ا ا ب�� ب ا �ب ا ��ل ا � ب� ب ب با ا ة ��م� ���� �ع���ةس ��م �ود �ع�� �ه�م �ورد �� ا �لر� اوج� �و��� ر �� �ة� �� �ل �م���ة� �ولر�����ل �����م ب��م� �ع � � � � ب ب � ا ��سسة�م ب �ة� ���ط�ا ب�� ب��ا � ح�ة� لةر�����ل �ة�ا بر ب� حة��� ������ �م بس ا � �لة���ل���� �و ��ة� د ��ل��ك ا �ل�و�كة ة� �ةب� ���ط�ا ب� ا � �لب��ل�� �مب� �� س ب �� ة ة حة ل � ��� � ا �� ا �� ��� ب �� � ا� � ب ا ب ا� ب�� � ا ح� �م���� ا �ة� ا �� �لة��� �� �� �ب�ا � �� ��ول �ل� ب � �مك� د ل�ر ح��ل ا � �ل�ر�م� � ا�م�د ل��ور �ل� ب� �ل و �ة� ةر�وج �� �ة� م ب ج � ب ب � ب� � � �ر ب���� �ةب� ��ط�ا ب�� ب��ا �ب��د �ل��ك � او ب� ح��د ������ ا �ة��ا ر ب��ة� ا �ة� �مر ب�����. ة � ب ��ا � � ا ب �با ا ب ح�ا �ب�ا ا ��ل ةر� �م ب ا ��بلس �ر �و����ا �ب �بر�ا �و���ه ب��ا د ��ل��ك ا � �لب��ل�� �مب� �� �� �و�ل� ر��� ���� لةرةلس � بو�ل���د ك�� �م �ة �لو�م ب� ج س ة � ة � ح �� ا ب ب� �ة ح ب��ا �ب��د � ��ب ا �����ل��د � ب��م�� �م�ا ا �س ا ح�وك ح�ة� �و����ل ب��ا ا �ة� �مة�ب��� ب��ة� ة � �� �و�ه ب�� ك ر���ة�� ب�� �و�ر ب� ور ة� ب و ة ب ع با ب ب �� � ب � ب ب � �ة � � ب� ب ح ب �م ��س��� ب ب ب � ��ب��ا �ه�و د �ل�ك ا � �ل��ل� �م� �� �مر�ب�� ة�ل�� �� �� �� ��ط�ا �ل�� ا�ام�د� ���لة��� � � ��� ةس �����د ة� ���� د �ل��ك و ة ة ر س ة ة � ب � ب� � � � � ا ب ا� �� ب ب ا� �ب � ا ب �ب � ب ا ةب � ا � �ل��ل� �م� �� � ا � ل � �� ا ����ط�و�ل�� �ل� � ا��مر ب����ةس ��ة� ا �������د ا ر� ����� ر ة����� �ل ����ل بةلس�م���� ة����� �ر ة� ب ر ة �ب � � �ب � � �� ب� �� �� �� �ة ا � ا � � ا �ة ب ب ح�ب��د ���ط��ل� ��ا ب� ��ا �ة�ل � �� ب��ا ا ا ل � س � � � � �� � � ا � �م� �� ��ول � بح� ب �لو� � بة لس و ه�و ��ر�ل � ة� م و ��ل .ة ً ب ب ة و ب س ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب ة ا ب � ة ا ب ب� � �ب ب ��ل ا �� � ب � �� � �مر�و�ل�� د �ب��. ح�د� �و����� �ر ة�� ��م� ا�� ل ا ح� ة ب � � � ب ة ب ة � ب ا �� ب ب ا ا ب ب ا ب ا ب ح ب � ��� � ب � �� ب ا ب ا ة� ب ا � اب ب ا ��� ةس ل��ر�و� ا�ا�مرك� ب� حة��ً�د ا � ���� ا �لة��� �وك���ل�ه�� �ب� ���� ����� �ر������ �� ب��ة���� �و��ل�� �ل�� �ب� ���� �س �� ة � � � � � �ب � � ��لب��� �بك�ب��ا � � او � �لةهب� ���ط�ا ب� �م�ا ب����ة� ��ط��ل�ةه ب��ا �ل�ا�ب�� �م�� �� ��و�ل �و������ل�م ب��ا � ب�ة�� ة� ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ح�ة� �ة �لو����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� ا ��م �� ���. ب ل ة ة ة ة ة بً �� ة � � � � � ب ا ا ب � �د � � ا ح�ة�را ب��ل �ر�و� �عب� �� ��� ا� � � � او �ب�ا �م�ا بةلس�م����ة� ���� �ر �وح� ة� �و�ل� � ���لة�ب��ا ����ة�ر �و��ا �ل � ب��ا ا �ب�ا ب�ل�� ��ط�� ا � ل ة ج م ��� � ا � �لة��ب��ا ��ل�� � ر�ة� �ة��ل�ب��ا �ا�م�ا ����ا ��ل�� �و�م ب� ب ا � � ب�ل��ر�ب� �ب�ا ��ل��ل����ا ب� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�ه ب��ا �م ب��� ��� ك�� ��ة���� �ل�ل�مرك� ب و ب ة ب �ل م ة ب � ب ا ا ا � � ب ا ب ب ب �ة � ا ب � ب ب ب � � � �وا ب� � ح��ل ا �� ك� ح�ة� �����ا �ر ��ة� ا �لب��ر �ل�ا ب� ح ب��ا د ا ب� ���ا �مر� �و�����ل�� �ب� �ب���� �و ��ط�لب��� ا د � �مس ا � �لهب� ��ط� � ح��ل ة �ة � � � � ا ب ب ب � � ب� ب ا ا ب ا ة � ا ب ب ا ة ب � ب � �ع ب��د ا ب���ة ا � �� ح� ب���� ا � �لهب� ��ط� � ا �� ��� ��ل���ل ة� �ة� �� ح�ا ���ر د ��ل��ك ا � �ل��ل� م� �� �� �� ب� ب� � ���مرك �و��� ر ا �ة� ة م �ا ا ب � �� � ة ��ل ا �� ب� ب ا � � �ب ا � ب ا ا ب �� � ة ة � ا� با ة � � ا �����ل �� �س� ا �ة� ب�ة��� ا ب��ة� ل� �ر���� �وة� � ب ح�ة� �����ل� ح�� لر� ب��� ��� ��ة� �مر�ب���ك �و حب��� � ��� ا � ��ةو م �� � ب ا ب � � � ب ا �ب ب � � � �ة ة �مب � � � �� ��ا ��ل����ل�� �م�� �م ب��ا ��ة ا ��� �م ���� � � �م ب � � ا � ا � � ك م د � � � � � ح � د � � � ح � � � ���س� ل ل � � � �� � ل � � � ك ك ك ة� ة� ر ب و ةو ب و ة� و ة ب ر س � ب � � ة ب � � ا ب ة ح��د � �وا ب� ا �ل��ر ب��م�ا � ��� �و���و� ب��ا ا �� ب��ة��� ا �ل� �ل ��� �و�م ب��ا � ح ب��ا. ة ة �ة بة ةا � ب ً ب ا ب ب ا �� ب � ب ب � �ب ا �� ب��ا � ّ ح�ب � �م �� ب��ا د ��ة��� ب ا ب ب م � ��ة���� ا �ة� �ع��د ا � �ل��ل� �م� �� �ر ب���� �م�� ����ل ����� �ل .ا � ح�ة�را �ود �ع�� �و�م � � � ر ب ةس ر ة ة ة ب �ا � � ة ب ً ب� ب �� � ب ا ة � ا ب ب ا � ا ب � ب ا ا ب ل ب � �� � � � ا � � � � � ا ا ا ا � � �� � � ك ا � او � � � م ك � � � � � � د د �� � � � � � � � � � . � � � ل � ح � م�� � � � ح � � ب و ر و�ل ر رةس ة� ح�د رو و ر �ل ب �ل رة�� ة ر ر ب� �ل ة ب ة ب� � �ب � بة �ب ب � ب ا �� ح��ل ب��ا �م بس � ك� �� ��و�ل �ود ب� م��ا � ة����سم�ا ��مو� ��ب�ة� �و�ه�و �مب��د ا �م�د � �و�ل ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� �م�دة����� ا ��م �� ب � � ب ب �ا ب ا ب ل ب ���لب ب � ا ب ب ة � م��ا ب� ة���س�م�ا �ة��د �ة� ة���ل�� �ب ار��ة ة� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �و�ه ب��ا � ك� م�� � � ط��ر ��ة� ا �ل�ر��س �ع�م�ا �� ح� �رةس ة
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Chapter Eleven
citadel. That was when the Flemish captain asked our captain if he would be so kind as to let the Flemish ship’s clerk travel to Istanbul with us so that he could request the edict granting permission to trade in wheat. Our captain agreed, and brought the clerk back to our ship. After a few days, the winds became favorable again, blowing from the sea, 11.14 and we set sail with the Flemish clerk aboard. We soon arrived in Büyükçekmece,48 where we dropped anchor and went to tour the town. Wouldn’t you know it, the Flemish fellow covered all of our expenses! The longer we remained in the harbor, though, the more anxious he became about getting to Istanbul, because the two ships were awaiting his return. So he began to make inquiries about whether it was possible to travel to Istanbul from there by land, and was told it was a journey of three days or less. He then asked to have some people rounded up who could take him to Istanbul, and a mount was brought over right away. The Flemish man then turned to me and my friend, and invited us to go 11.15 with him, but we refused, explaining that we’d already paid our fare, and that the captain wouldn’t let us go off on our own. After all, he’d been tasked with delivering us directly to the ambassador’s residence in Istanbul. But the man continued to insist. “I’ll pay your fare,” he said. “I can’t travel by myself! I don’t speak the language!” We felt sorry for the fellow and went back to the ship to lock up our things inside our cabin and ask the captain’s permission to travel the rest of the way to Istanbul by land, for the sake of the Flemish man. “But I guaranteed the customs officer that I’d be responsible for you,” the captain said. “And he insisted that I deliver you to the French ambassador’s house.” “Look, we’ve left our bags on board the ship,” we said. “Once they arrive, we’ll come to the ship and give you a document from the dragoman certifying that we arrived at the ambassador’s house. Then we’ll take our things.” The captain was satisfied, so we bid him farewell and rejoined the Flem- 11.16 ish fellow. He had already procured a couple of mounts for us and prepared ample provisions for the road. We climbed onto our mounts and set off. Soon thereafter, we arrived in Istanbul, coming first to a place called Kum Kapı, the entrance to the city. There was a place there called Yedi Kule, where I saw some deep holes dug into the earth.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
��� �ب ا � ة ا ب �� �� ب ب ا ب � ة � � با ا ب ب �ب ���د � ا ������لب ���ة�ر ك���� �ل� �م� ���د � ا ��ل ط��ر �� ب� ح�ابل ��ة� ا � �ل��ا ���ر ب��ة� 1ا �ل��د �ة� �ه�و ��ه�� �ب� � ط��ر � � � �ا � ب ة �ا ب ح�ا �ب ��ب��� � ح�ة� ة��ب� ك ��� او ��� ا �لر ب� � ح�ا � ا �عب��� ا�ا�مر�مر �ل��ب�� ب��ة� ��ط��ل� ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل�ر��س. �� � � � ة ة م بةر � م ة � ع � ب � �ا ب ب � ة � � �� � � ����ا ��� ا ��� ا � �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� ا � ك� �س���ل ة� ا ����ب��ة�ر� �و�ه ب��ا ك � ك� م���ة�� ب��ا ��ة� ��� �ر�له ب��ا � �� ح� م�� � ة ة ة م ب� � � � ب � � ب ح ب �د ا � ة � ة ا �� �� ��ة�� ب��ا ا ��ة� ا �لب����ل��ط�� �� ��ط��ل� �ر�� ب��ا ��ا �ة�لة� �و�م ب� � ���مرك ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا �وبلر� ب��ا �ع بس د �ب�ا ة�� ب��ا �ة��ً �سم ل ة ب ع �� ��ب � ا �� �لب�� �� �م ب � �ب �� � ا ب� ب ا �ب ا � �لة ة ا �� �لب��ل�� �مب � � �� �و�مب���� ا ��� ب��ة�� ة� ا ب ��ل � ا � � � � � � � � � ح � � � � � � � � ب ة � ةر � ة� ك ك ل ب � � � ة ة ة ة ة� ة� ة ا� اب � � �ا ب ب �ب ا � ة ب � � � � ب � ا ب � ح � ل � � � ل � � ا ا ا � � ك � ا �ع�م� � ا � �� � ال � �ل و ة� ة س روج ب�م� ة� عرة ب� ���� ل� د ل�ك ���� ب� ��� �ب�ة� ب� � ة��د �ة� ���ة� �ب حة ا � ب ا بل ب �� ب� � �ب ب ا � �ة ا ة����س ب ا �� � ة ا ا � � ب ة � ا � ك� م��ا � ��� �ة� رل ة�� �هر ر ���� �و ��� ب ��ة� �ة� ب�ة��� ����د د ة� ح� �مر� ا �ل� ب��ة� � ة ة ب ا � ب� ب �� �و�ه�� ك م� ر�و�ل�ك. ب ب با � ب ا ة� ب ة ب � ب �� �ب ا م�����ب�� ������ ��م ب� ب ا � ��ة���� ب �م��ل�� �و�����د �� ا �ة� �� �م���� �عس ا�م���ة� ������ ���� ر ة ب�ر�ة� �ةو� ة ة� � � ���� ب م��ا ب� ��� �� ���م � � �بكة� ب��ا ح��� � ب��م����� �ة�ا ��� ب م��ا ب ب��م�� ا ��ل�ا ��ل � ةس �ه ب��ا ك �و�ه�و � ك� ����� ب�� � �ه� � ك� ة� رج و ب ة ك �ة� و و � ةع ب ة �و ة � م ة ب �بة ب �ب � �� �ة ب � ���ط �ة��ل���� ا �ع ب� �ة��ل����ة ا ��� ب�� ة� ا �ل�ة �ا�م�ا ا �ة�ا ب� � ة �� ��و�ل �ع��ة��� ���د � ا �ب���� ��ة� ب ح�د � ا ��م �� ب �ة� �ة� �ة� � � � ب � ة ب ب � ��ا ��ة ح��د � ا �مب ح��د � �س�ة��ا �م�� ر�م�ا � � �و�ا ب�ل � ���ا ��ط� �ول��ل�� ح ك� ���ا ا � �لة���ل���� �و� ���د � ا � �لة���ل���� � او � ة � ح�ة� ة��د ر� او ا ب� و ة � � � ب ة بة ً ط�س ب ب � � ا� �ا ب ب ح�ة ا ب��ة � � ��بم�ا بر�� ب��ا ���ا ���دةل ب � � �م ا ��ا ة� ا ��ل�ا ب��ل ع ��ب��ا ا ��� �� � � ا � � ح�ة�را � حة��� .ا � م� � ح � � د � � �م � ك � � ل ك � و � ة � ة ر ر ة س ة س ة ة ب ب ب � � ب ب م���ل�ب � ة � � �����ا ء � �ه� ا ب��م�� � ا � ���� ��� � ا ح��ل�� � ة بة � ��ب��ا ا �ة� � ��س��ا � � ك� � �م ار �ة�� ا ب �ل�ة� ر و و ل و و ة ر ا �� � �م ار �ة� � �ود ا � ب ة ع ب ا � �اا ��� �م���� ب � �م ا ��ا ا ��ل�� ا ��ب ب��م��ل��ة ا ب� ك� ةس. �و ��ة� �ب� ب� ا ��� رة ب ر ة� ب �� رة � ة ب ب� � ب ا �� ح��ل ب��ا ا ����ا � �ب�� ب �م ا ���ة ا ب��ل �وا ب��ة��� � �� او ب��مة�� ���ل�م�ا د ب� ��� �����ل�م� او ���لة��� � بو�ل���د� د ح�ل�� ا � � � حة� �� �� � � � � ب ب ر ة ة م �م � ب ة ا � ا ��ل ب �ل ا ا � ا �ة ا � ا �� � �� ة ا ب� � � � �ب �ةل�� � ا ��ل ا �� � ب��د ب ب ل � م � ل � � � � ه � � � � ل � ح �� ���ل ح� �مر� �ل� ب��� �� �م� ر �و� ب �م� �� �ل ب �� ب � �و ة و �و �ة� ك �ل � �م ة ة � ب ب � � ا �� ب ب ب حب� ر � او ا �ل� ب ل ح��ل �و�ة�� ا ة��ب��سب��� �ك بة�س�هة��� � او �مة�����ل ب��ا ا �م�ا � �ب�ا ��س � او � ��� ��ة� �ة�د �و�م�� ��د ��� � �ل�ه ب��د� ��د ب� ة� ة م ة � ا � � � ا ب ا ��ل ا � � ا ��ل ة ب ة ب ب ة �ب ��ا ��ل�� �ةل� �م �ة ا ��ل�ا ��ل ب ا ه � � ا � � �� � � � ح ���د �� � � ���ا. � � � م � ل ل � � � � ��ة� ���ل�م� را � �و�ه�و ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل ب ب و ة� ة� ح� ر ب � �ب � � ��ل�ل�� ر ب�� �وة��ا ��ل ��ل�� ��ا ��س��د �� ا بد ب� ��� � � حة�ب�ً�د �ع�م��ل ��مب��� �و� �س� �� ح�ة� ا � �ة�� ك ح���ل�ك �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� � س ة ة ة ة ة ة ج ة ً � �� �ب ّ ب بب � ة � ب ح�� ب ح�� ح ك� ���ا �و�ع�م��ل ��مب��� � او � ��ا �ل�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� ���لة��� �م بس � ةس ب�ر�و ب� � ��ا د � �ل�� �ب�ا � �ل ��و�ل �����ا د ا �ة� ب� ���� ة ة ً ب � � � ح��د ر ب�� � ب �� ب�� ب ا ا ة ا ب ا ة ا ب � �م بس �ع ب��د� ا �ة� � �� ب� � ح�ا ���ر� �و��� ا �ة� �ع��د� �مك� د ل�ر�� ���� �ب �ل�� �� �� �� ��� ��لة��� � بو�ل���د� ��ة � � بو�ل���د� ����ا �ل�� �عب���. ة أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل��ت�ه�ا طر.
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Chapter Eleven
“What are these holes for?” I asked. “Excavating marble,” our muleteer explained. “You find it in these parts.” We continued for about an hour until we arrived at the large port where the 11.17 customs authorities were located. We got off our mounts and rented a dinghy to take us out to Galata. When we arrived, the Flemish man went to the home of the Flemish ambassador in Beyoğlu, while I remained where I was, uncertain what to do and where to go. I was a stranger, after all. Turning to my friend, I asked him to point me in the direction of a place where I could stay, but he shook his head. “Follow me to the residence of my master, His Excellency the ambassador,” he said. “That’s where you’ll be staying.” I tried to refuse, but he grabbed me and pulled me along, and together we 11.18 went up to Beyoğlu, where all the ambassadors lived. It was a spacious quarter, occupying an elevated position. We visited Kız Kulesi, the “Maiden’s Tower,” named for the young woman who resisted the siege of Istanbul in that fortress. She held out there for a long time, and it was only with considerable difficulty that the fortress was conquered. Hers is a long story. We made our way higher up into the quarter until we arrived at its central square, where the palaces of the ambassadors were located. The French ambassador’s palace was the grandest and most beautiful of them all, and encompassed a delightful garden. A company of armed janissaries stood at the outer gate. As we passed through, everyone rose to greet my friend. We entered the 11.19 inner pavilion where the ambassador’s residence was located. When the embassy staff saw the state my friend was in, they were astonished. Some went to inform the ambassador, who summoned the young man in. “Follow me,” he said. I obeyed, and we presented ourselves before His Excellency, who was surprised to see the young man in such a condition. “Whatever happened to you?” he asked, incredulous. “My lord, allow me to tell you my story,” the young man said, bowing so deeply that he swept the ground. The ambassador gave him permission to speak, and the young man bowed again and launched into an account of his journey, from the time he left until the moment he arrived, as I described earlier. Upon hearing it, the ambassador commiserated with the young man and did what he could to console him.
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ّٰ ب � ب � ة � اب �س��د �ة� ���د ا ا �لب���ل�� � ���ا ر�ة � ح�ا �ب�� �ة�ا � �م�ا ���د ا ا �لب���ل�� � ب��ا ب� ح��ا �ة� ����� �ة��د ا لل� � �وة��د� �ل�� ة ة م م �ب � �� ةب ا� ة ب ب ب ب � � ا ب � � ا � �� � ل ��ا ��ل�� � � ا ح ك� � ��س م�� � � او � �وا ب � �و�و����ل ����ه� ا �ة� ���د ا � ك ���د ا ا �ة�ل�� ��ا ��ة� �و����ل� �ة� �و ب ��ة� مس � ة ة � ب � ��ة � ب ب ب � �ب � � ب � � � ا ل�ة � �ب ا ��ل ب �س ح ة� ا �ة���ة� ����ه� ��ة� �م����بم�ةة� د �ل��ك ا�ام�� ��و ب� ا �ل�د ة� ك ���ا � ا �ع ��ط�ا ��ة� �هو� ب�بمروة �ة� و �ة� ب ة ة � ة ا �ب � � �� ب ا ب ة ا��ة ب ب � ب ة �� �� �ر ب� ل � � �� ا � � � ��ة��� ا �ة�ا � ���ل�م�ا �ر�ة� ح� ا�م�� ��و ب� � او �ع ��ة د �ل�ك ا �ل��م�ة ر �ة� ب��هرة���س �لو��� ة� �ة� �ل�ل� ب ة� ا� �ة ا �ة � ب ّ ح ب� ��ة�. ا�م�� ��و ب� ���� ر ب� ب ة ة ة ب ب ح��د �م�� ب��ا ب� ة ا �س��د �ة� ا � ك� ��ا � �ب��ر�ة��د � �لهب���لب��� �م بس ا � �وة���� �م�ا د ا ةل �رة��د ا ������ل�ك ب� ح��د حب���� �ة� � ة � ة ب � �ة ب ا ا ب ا ب ا � ب ب ب � � ا ب �ب ب ا ا � ب �� � � �س��ة ة ب � � � � � ل � � ح� �ة� � ح� ب ��� �ب� � ب� ح�دا � � � حب� ر مس ����ل��ط� � ����� �� �� ا ر ب�� ا �� ���ه ��� ل �� ا � � �� م�ك ب ة � ر ب ة ع ة ب رة س س � ةم ب ة �� ب ب ح�� ب �م�ا ة� ا ��ل �ل � ب ب� � � �ع ب��د �ة� ��ة� � ����� �ة���ك � او �ة��� ة� ��ة� ا ب��د�ة��د ب��د �م�ك �ع��د� �وب� �لو� ة �م ارةل ��ة� ا �ة� �ةس ب �ة� ب � ب � � � � ا � �ب ���ا ب ��� � ا �م � ��ا �ب�� ���د ل ��ا ��ل�� �� ّ � �ل�� ��� ب ���� �و�م ب��ا �م�� � او �ب�� �م�ة� ا �و ب� �ة� وة ة ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل���� ب� ا �ل�د �ة� ك� � �هة� و ر ب ة ةر ب � � ب ب ة ة ب ب � ب ح��دا ر���� . ح�ة�ر� �و ب�ر ب� ح ب��ا �م بس ا �م�ا �م�� ����ر ة� ��ة� ب� حة�ب�ً�د ا ��سم� �ة�ا ك����ل ��ة� ���ا ��ة� ����ر� ��� ا ب�ل� �و� ة ع ب � ا �ب�ا �ود ا ك ا �ل �����ا ب�. ب � ب �ة � ا �� ا ة � ا ا� ل �ة ا �� � � � ب �� ا ب � ب ة ا � ا ��ل ا ب �� � ��� ���ة� ��ة� ا �و� �و ��ة� ا �ل� ل ��س��د �� �م�د بر �و � ل �ل� عس ل���� � ح� �مر� �ل� ب��ة� �ب� � ة � ة � �ة ة � ب � ب � � ���ا ب� ب���ل�م�ا �م ب��ا �م�� �و�ه�و ��لب���� �ب��د ��ة��� ا�ا ك� �ك�� ك� م���ل�ب��� �ور ب� ���� بل� ��و��� �ل��لب���د ا ح��ل �وك� ا �ل���د ا �� ك � � م س ع ب ة ة �ب � ب ب � ة ب � ة ا ���ل��س�ب ب � �ب���ل�� ة � ���ل�م�ا ح�� �� ��� ا ب��ل ح��دا ر��� ��� ��ا �� �م�ا �ة��د� �و��ه� � ��ب��� �ام�ا �ة��د� ا �ل� � � ل � � ل د � � � � ب � ب و ة� ة ةر ة ة ة ب ة� ع � � � ب � ب ب � ب � ا �� ب � � �ا � ح��دا � �و���ا ر �ة�لة �� �ل �ل ���ة��ا �ة�� ا �ل��د �� بة��س ح�ب�� � ح ب� ب� ح�ا ���ر�ة� �ة ل ��ر�م ���د ا ا �ل���ل� �م ����� ر ك���ل و ر ة ب � ة � � �ب ة � ط� �م ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ���ا ��ل ا ب ا ����������� � ا �������� ا�ا�م ���� ��� � ��ب ��� ة��د ا �م�� �و�ب�ل �و��ة ا �ل�ا ب ��ل � ح�د م � او � ��� �ة�ل� ��ل � � ع س ل �و � ة ب و ة �ور �وة وة ع ة ة� ب �م � �� ب ة ا ا �ة ة � � ا � ب � � ب ب ة ����ة � ة ا� ا ح��ل�و��س ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ��سسب����ل �م بس �و�ك ة� ب� ��د �ل��ك �ل�ا� ���د � ��� ��� �و�وك� ا �ل������ ل� ب ��ة� ���ة� ا�م� �ة��د� ا �ة� ا �� � ً � � � � � � ة �ب �ك�� �ع� ا ���د ا �ل�ا ب�ل حة��� ب��ة��د �ة� ا � ب�� �و�� �و�كة ة� ا �لب���د ا �و�و�كة ة� ا �ل�� �����ا د ا ة��م�ا �ب�ا �ل�ا ة� �م�و����و�ة��� � ك� � م���ل���� �م وة ب ة ب �ب را ��ة� �م���� �ة� �ب��هرة���س. م ة ب � ب � � ب ب � ب � � ب � � � ة ة ب ا ا � � � � ل ب��ا � ة � �س�ة��م� ��� ���د ا ا�� �ل �م�د� �مس ا �لر�م� � ��� ا ك��ل �و��مرب� � �و��ر� �و ة ��هة��� ا �ة� �ة �لو� � � م ب ة ة �ب � �م ب ا ��ل�ا��ا � ���ط��ل� ة� �م ب بد ا ك ا ��ل ����� ���ا � بر��د ا ر�و� ا �ة ب�ل�رب� ���� �م�دة�� ب���ة ا ��م ب� �� ��ول� ح�ب�� �ب�ا �ة� ل � � س ةم ب س ب ة ة ج ج� ة �ة � � � ب ب ب � � ب ب ب ب ب حة ب ب ب � � ة � � � � � ب� ة��ا ��� �ة �ل � ب�ل���د ا �ل���د ا ا � � � ب با � � ���ة���� ة� ل ��رم ة و ح�د �ة� ������ �ولر��� �ل�ل���ل��ط�� �و �ة� ا ����ر�ة�ل� ��ل�� ع��ة� �ة� م ة ب ا ة ب ا � ب ّ �ب � �ب �ا ب ل �لة ��ا ة���ة ا�ا� �ا ء �ب����د �ب ب � ا � � � � � �� � � � ا ا � � ح د � � � � � � � � ل � ح� � � � � � � � ك �س� �س� م ل ل � � � � ة� و ب ر ة� ر � و ر ة ر �ة� ة� ر و ة� ةرة�� رة
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Chapter Eleven
Then he inquired about me: “And who might this young man be?”
11.20
“My lord, my life was in this man’s hands, as it was in God’s,” he said. “He found me and diverted my thoughts from my misfortune. He gave me some of his own clothes to wear, and brought me all the way home.” He told the ambassador my story. Luckily I happened to have, tucked away in a pouch, the letter of recommendation to the ambassador that the nobleman in Paris had given me. I pulled it out and handed it to him. Upon reading it, the ambassador welcomed me cordially. “How might I be of service to you?” he asked.
11.21
“My lord, if it pleases you, perhaps you would accept me as one of your servants.” “Alas, I’ve received word from the king of France, summoning me back to Paris,” he explained. “But you are welcome to remain here in my palace until the new ambassador arrives. I’ll arrange to have you employed in his service, and I’ll recommend you to him.” The ambassador turned to the young man I’d accompanied and ordered him to take care of me and give me a bedroom, and to have me dine with the embassy officials at the second table. I thanked the ambassador for his benevolence and we departed. The young man summoned the embassy’s steward and conveyed to him 11.22 the order of His Excellency that I should have a bedroom prepared. Then the young man got dressed in a magnificent suit and reassumed his former aspect. At lunchtime, they invited me to join the embassy officials at the second table, which was next to the ambassador’s table. My friend seated me at his side and began to praise me to all of his companions. “If you love me, then honor this young man!” Everyone at the table then began to serve me, slicing pieces of those wonderful delicacies and grilled fowl, and setting them before me. Meanwhile, the ambassador’s orchestra had struck up as soon as the ambassador was seated and played throughout lunch, just as it would at dinner. This was in accordance with embassy protocol, and the musicians played fine instruments, similar to those I’d seen in Paris. I spent a period of time at the ambassador’s residence, eating and drinking 11.23 and amusing myself. Then one day, I asked my friend if we could go out to see the sights of Istanbul.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
��ا � � ب � � � �ة ة ا � ب� ا م��سب�� � ��� ���د �مب�� ��ة ة ب ا ب ة �هر� �ور�بك����� ���عر�� �� �� � د �ل�ك ا � �لوك� �و����ل ��� ح�ب�ة� ��ل�م� را ا � �و�ه�و ك�� ة� وب ةرة ة� � ب � � ب ة �� � �لة ب ���� ب��ا ب � بة � ��� ر ب� ح��ل�� ب� ح�ل�� � �ة�لة���ل ب� ���� ا �ل�و ��ط�ا � ��ا �ب�ا ا ر�ل� ب�� ة� �ة��ل�� �ة�� ���د ر �م��� ��مر ���ر ��� م� �� �و�م� ة ة ة ج � ب���ل ب ا � �م ��� � � � ا � ا ب�� � � ا ا ��ة�ب� ة ا �� � � �ة� ا �م ���� ��� � ا ة ب� �ب ح�. وح ة��� �رو ��� �ل�ر س و�ل� � � ة�� و �� �ة� �ه� �ل� ة ة ج ة ا �� ب� � �� � � ب ب ا بل ب � ب ا �ب ة ا � ة � ب ب ا �� ا ب� �ًا بل ب �� ب ا ا �� ا ��لب���� �� � ب ا �ة ب حة � � ا ل � م �ه م ل �� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ل ل ل � � � � � � ط ط ك � � � � رب ر ة� ة�� و ة ة� ح�ة ر ر�� �ة� وس �ة� � � � ا ب� � � ب ب ا �� �� ب �� ب ا �ًا � ب ا �� ب ب � ح�ا ب� � ك� م���ل�ب� � بمم ب�� �م بس ب��ر �ود ح�ل� � ح�ا � ا � �ل او �ل��د� �و�ه�و ب� �� ��ول �� �و�ل� رح�� ا ة� � ح�ا � م� ب ة � ب ا ب ��ا ب ب ا ب � د ا ة� � � ب ب ب ب ب ح�ا ب� ا ��ل�ا ب� ب� ا ب � ح��ل ب� ا �ل�ا ب�ر �ود ا ب� و ر ح� � �و ب �مة����� ا �و��س �ب� ررك�� � � �و� ��و �م ار �� �و�ة��� � ارةلس � � ب � ا � اب ب ���د ا ب��م�� ا ��لةس ا �م�ا ��ل �م�ا ب �ةس ��ا ب� �م�ا ب��ة����ل ���د ا ا ��بل ����ا ر�ب�� ح�ة��� �ر� �لة� �و�ل�ا ب� ح��� �ل� � ةع ب ح��ل �� ر � او ��� ة ة ب ب � �ب ا �ب�ا �ع ب�ة ة��ا ��� ب ���� ب ب�ة��� ب��د ر�ب�ا ��ب� ا ��بل ��� ��ا ب� � �وة ب�ل�ر ب� ح ب��ا �ورا ��ة ة� � ح��لب�ة��� �م�ا �عر��مو��ة� �و� ل ��� �و�م�ا رد ة� � ةس ر س ة م � ������ ل ب �م�ا � �� ابل ب �����ا ���� ب ب� � ا �ب��� �ل�� �ب�م �ب � �م ب ب��م��لة ب � � ��� ابل بس ا � �لة��ا ر�ة� �و���س ل � ح�لب��ة� �و��ة�ره�م ة رة س ��رة س � م ة ر و ة� و س ةس م ب بب � ب ب ة ب ب ا ب ة ة ة ح�� ا را � �و�ه�و ب��ة��ة��� �ر�� ب� �م بس ب��ة�� ة� ا ��ة� ���د ا �ع � � ��� �����د � ���د ا � او � �وا ب� ح��د ا ���سم�� �� ر�ة� �ل ة ر م ة بب ب ب ة با � ب �� ب ب � بب �� ��به ب��ا � ����ة��ا �ب�ا ��ل�ه ب��د �� �و���ل��� ��� ّ � �و�عر��ة� �ب��د ا �ة�� �و��� د ك���ل���ة� ا ��ة� ا �و� ����� ا �� � او �ل��د �ة� ����هة� ��� ة و ة م بة ب ا �ة � ��� ة ة ب � �ه�و� �و�و� ��� �� � او ب� حب��� �مو ة� ���ة�ر. �� ة ة � � ب �� �ة � � ب � � ب � � ا ب ب � �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك �م ب� طو�ةل��ل �و���د ا ا ل�� ��و� �مو ب � ��ة�� ب��ا ا �ة� �� ��و�� ا ���� � �ود �ة�� مس ب �مة�� ا �ل�� ����ا �� ع � � � ا ب ���� ب � ب ب ��س��ا ب � �ه ا �� ب� ًا � � ب � � �م ب��� د ب� � ب ا � ة � ا � ة ح��د �ة��� � ب ارةل بس �م�ا �ل و ��� �ع�مر�مس ب�ر �ل�� ب ة ��و ب ح�ل�� ا �ل����و�� ا � ب�� �ل � و �و ة ة � ب ة ة ب ة � ���س�� � او � ��� �م�ا ��ط��ل� ة� ب �بس ح�ا ة� � او � �ل او ب� � ك� م���ل���� �و�م بس �ر�� � ���د �ة��� �م بس ا �مة����� �و����ل��� طس�م�ور ب ة ة� ة س ب � ب �� با ة � � ا ب �ة ة ة ب ب ا ب ب ب ل � ا ��و ��س�� د �ة�ل� �ل� ب� �وة��ا ��مو� �و��ة�ره� �مس ا � �ل�ر�و �سم��ةس �ود ا � ���� �� ح��ل ����ل ����و�� �م�و� � ح��ل � ة م ع ا� ا �� � ب ا ��ل � ة � ا ب ���� �ب ا �� ���ب ��� �� ا � ب �س��ا د � �لة د ا �ع�م�� ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�� �� �ة� �ب ب �ً�� �م ب � � � � � ل � ة� ر � م ة� ا�م� ل مس �رة�� �ل � ة ر س ب ة و و ر س � � اب � � �ة ب ا � ا ة ب ة ب ا ��ل �رد ك� ��س�� ��س�� �ر�ل�ة� �و�م�ا ا � �ر� او ا � ب��ا �ب�ة� بس � �وة�ب� ���ا �ب�� �ل�� ا�ام����ا �ب�ة�� ل ح��د �ب�ة�� ل ����� او ا � �ل���� �ل ا�م�ة����� � بو��ة���� �� او ة � ا ��ل ا �� �م ب ب� ا � � ا ةةب � م��ا ب �مب ��� ا �ب � ���ط�� ب ���ط�و��ل ا ��ل��لة��� � او �لب�ةة��ب� �� ��و ���ط ك� ���ا �ب�� � � � � ك � � ب ل �ر س س ح� ربج ا �ل�ب� �ل او ب� �م�ة �� ةس ب ب �ب �ة �� � �� ا ب �ر� ا ل����ل�ط� �. � �ة ا�ا � � � ة ب � � � ب ب �م ار �� م�لك. �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك �م ب� ��ة�� ب��ا ا �ة� �ب�ا ب� �ع�م�ا �ة �لو� ا �ع��ة� �ب�ا ب� � حة�ب�ً�د ����� د �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب� ة ة �ب � � � � ب �� ب � � ا � ��� �ة ب ا ب � �ب ب ب ب � � ب ح� �� �د � ا د � �� �مرب� � ح�ة� ا �ر ب� ح��ل ب��ا � ار��ة ة� ك���س� ع��ة��� �و����� ��ل �� ح��ك ���� ا ��ب� ح��ل �هة� ة ة � ة د � � ا ��ل��د � ا ��ل�ا� ��ل ا ��ل�� بد �� �ه� �ع ب ا ��لس�م�� ب �ا�م�ا ��ة��د ب� ب � ا ة و س ة ةس ب و ح��ل �مس ا �ب�� ب� �و�ه�و د ر ب� ب��ة�������ل ا ��ة� رب رو ب ا� � ة ب ب ب ب ة � � ب � � ة � ا ا ب ب � � � � � �م ار ��� ا � �ل�ررا ر � حة�� �م�و ب�� �ود �ة��� �ر�م ا�م�لك �وك��ل �مس �� � �ة��� ب�ل���ة�ر ����ر��� ب��ة�� ك��ل ع���ة� � ة 166
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Chapter Eleven
“Of course,” he replied, and the next day we went down to Galata after lunch. Along the way, he left me for a moment to go relieve himself. As I waited, a drunken janissary walked up and began to accost me coarsely in his inebriated state. My friend returned to the scene, where he found the janissary clutching me and demanding money for arak. Scolding the janissary, the young man kicked him in the leg, knocking him to the ground. I was suddenly afraid that this would lead to trouble, but my friend left the man lying on the ground and walked off without giving him a second glance. “Come along,” he said to me. “There’s nothing to fear.” We went down to Galata and toured the neighborhood before boarding a 11.24 dinghy to Istanbul. Our first stop was the Valideh Caravansary, a luxurious caravansary built of stone. Inside it was another caravansary, and inside that one yet another! The whole complex was full of rooms populated by merchants, boat skippers, and money changers, and its storehouses held an uncountable amount of money, due to the fact that the caravansary was impervious to fire. That was why all of the merchants and money changers lived there. We toured the caravansary, admiring the sights. I spotted some Aleppans I knew, but who didn’t seem to recognize me. That suited me, as I didn’t want to be noticed. Among them were Ibn al-Qārī, Shukrī ibn Shāhīn Çelebi, and many others. One of them, a certain khawājah Azāt who lived near my brother’s house, did recognize me. He strolled up to say hello and introduce himself, then invited me and my friend to his room, where he served us coffee and treated us most cordially. From there, we headed to the grand bazaar, which contained just about 11.25 every sort of merchandise one could imagine. We then visited the Bālistān souk, which was also constructed of stone, as it included many storehouses. The souk had everything you could want, from furnishings and weapons to precious fabrics and expensive furs such as sable and ermine. There were special cashboxes in the souk meant to protect money from a fire, which many people took advantage of to safeguard their wealth. No one ever bothered to lock up their shop because, when evening came, the two gates of the souk were closed and secured with strong locks. Guards were stationed outside the entrances all night long. As a result, the souk was as secure as the sultan’s own treasury. The next stop was Hümayun Gate—that is, the gate to the king’s palace. “Come in with me,” the young man said. “I’d like to show you the imperial mint.”
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11.26
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ة � � � ب � � ب � � �س � ب � ا ب�� � � ا ب � ب � او �ل��د ر ب� ا ����ا �ة� ا � �لو��م ��ط�ا �ة� �ه�و د ر ب� ب��ة��ب�ة��ه�� ا �ة� � �م ار �ة�� ا�ام��ل�ك ا ب�ل� �و ة�� م� ة ح ���ر� ��ة�ر ة � � �� � � � �ب �� ب ل � � � ة ب ة � � ا ل�ورةر � او ك ���ا لبر ا �ل��د �و�ل�� ���� ��ط � او �ل��د ر ب� ا ����ا �ل ة� ا �ل��د �ة� �ه�و �م بس �ع بس ا �ل���سم�ا �ل ب��ة��ب�ة��ه�� ا �ة� ا ��ب� �مرب� ة ب ب � � ا ب� ب ب ح�ا �ب�� �وك�� ب� ���ل �م بس را د ب��ة��د � �و��. ح��ل �ة��� �م بس ��ة�ر � اربج �و�ل� � �ب � ا ب ة ب ا � � ب � ب ب � � م��ا ب� �م��ة���� ب ب ب ح��ل ب��ا �ب ار��ة ة� � ك� ���� ا �� � ك� ح�ا �ب�� �ب�د ب� �مرب� ب� م��ا � ا �ل��د �ة� �ة��� ا ��ب� �ل�م� ا �� � ع �و � �ر��ةس �ة ة � � ب ب � ب �ب ح��د ل�� ��و�م�� ح�ا ب�� ب� ا �ل� او � �مة��و�ة�دةل بس ب��ة��د � ���� � او �ل��د�� ب� �ورا ��ة ة� �م بس ب� �س��ا � ا � �ل� ب� ح��ل� او �ة� ���م ة ج بً ب ب �ب ح�ا ب��� ا ���ا ب� ل�� �� �س��ا ب� د�� ب� �و� ك� ���ة�ر� �و ب��مة�� ���� �و�م بس ب� ���ا � ���ا � �و�م�� ا �ة� �س��ا � �� ب� � ل � م��ا � � ب ر ة ة ب ج ج � ب �س � �ب ا ب � �� �ة � ا ب� ا� ب � ا ب � ب ح�ا ��ل����� ب ب ا ا ��س�� ا�م�د ل��ورةلس �وبة�رر�و ه� �و �ة� ب� ا ب�ر ب� ح� �ل�����ةس �� ��س ب��ة���ر �م او ا �ل ة ح� �� ب� ا �ل��ر ب� ةس ج م ة � � �� ة �ة � � � ا ب � ��ا �م ب ب�ع � ��� � �مب��� �ب����ا �ب� � �مب � ط��� او 1ب� �ل او ��م ���ط��ة �مب� � � ا ل ب��ة��� ��ل م �ك� � ل�لك ا �ل � � � � ك ��س� � ��م� � م و و ر و � � ب س � ة س ر ة ج ة� م � ة � � � ب����ب ��ة� ��� � ب � � ��� ا ��ل ب ح��د بلس�م�د ا ��ل���� ب ��س��د ا ب� � او ��ل�ا ب� ب����دلةرا��مب� �� ا ر�ب�ا �ل�ا�ب�� � او � �م� ب ة ل � ط� ا �ل��ر��س � �وب�ة������� ��ط ة ة ر ة � ج ة� ة ع �ة ع � ب ب �� � �ة � � ا� ا � � �ة ا� �ة �� ��� �مب ح ة� � ��ب �ب�ا �� ا ب� ل ب � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � ا � � � �� ا ا ا ��� � ��س� �� ل � � � م � � م � � � ل � م ل � � م � � � � م � � ل ل ط ط � ك � � ب � و ة� س رةس ب ة و ر و بو ة بع � � � � � � ب ة ة ح�� ب ا �ل�ا��س� � او ����ل طب��ر� � ٢او �ة��ا رة ب� �م بس ا � �لو ب� ةس �م بس ��ة�ر د �� �م ���ر���. م ج ا � ��ب �ة ب ا �ه ا � ا ب �ب�ب � ب ا � ب ب ا � ب ب ا � � ا � � ل � � � � � ل ل � � � � م ا � ا � م �ه م � �� � �� ح � � � �� � ح � � ر ب �� س �� ك و � ة �� ة� ة ���� ب ة�� ��وة�� و �ة� �ل�� �� ةر بح� لك ا�ا� �� � ب ا ب�ة�ب � ب ا � ب ب اع� � ا ب ��ا�ب �ا �ة ����� ��� ة � � ة��� ��ر بح�� مس � �م ار �ة�� ا�ام��ل�ك �وك����ل �ب����ا ر ب������� ب��ة������ ملك �� �ل ��� رب � ح� ربج �ل�� ة � ب � ا ب� ا ة ة �ع ا ة ا � ب �ل� � ا � ���� �� ب� �ة ب ب � ا � � ب م�� � س � � � � ا ا � ا ا ا ا �م�ا ب��ة��د �ع�و � ح��ةس ة��د � ح��ل � ة��� �م� ر ��ة� �م� ر����� مس � ربج �ة� ب ة� ��و� ح�د مس ة ة � � ب � � ا ة � ا�م����س ب � � � � ح��� ��ة�� ب��ا ا ��ة� ب� ح�ا ��� ا �ل� او �ل��د� ةس ا � �لة��د �م�ا �و�م بس �ه ب��ا �م ب� ا �ل�و���� �و �هة� ع�م� ر� �م�ل�وك ة�ة ع � ب � ا � � �ب بة �ب �� ��و��ل �وك�� ح��ل ا �ة��� �م�ا ���د ا �ةب���ة ا � �لةهب���ل�� ح�ا ��� �و�ه�و ب� ���ل �م بس را د ب��ة��د � ع �م� �ل�� �م�ة���ل �ة� �م�دة����� ا ��م �� ب ب �ل� �ب ة ا �ع ب �� ب ل � ا �عب �� ب � � �� ة � �م ار ��� ���ا � �بر ب� ح ب��ا �م بس �ه ب��ا ك �و�مر�� ب��ا �� � ط �ود �ل�ك ا �ل�د ر ب� ح ب� ا ح�� �م ا ��ة� ا ل�ورةر ا �ل� �� � � ة ة �ة � � ب �ا م � ب� � ا ��� ب�� � ة ب � � ب ح�� ب ح��ل�� ب � او �بل ةس �و�م بس ا�ام ���سةم�� ��ا ر ب� �ة��� �و�ع ��ط�اةل بس ا �ل��رر� ح�ا �ل� ة� �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك م� ب ة � ���� �مس ا �ل�د � ةس ب � � � ا� � � ك� ح��د ب��ة��دلةر �ب� �ل�� ا �ة��� ح��دا رةل بس �ل�ا ب��ة�ر �و�ل�ا ا � �و ب� ��� ة� ا ر�ة� ا � ح��د ا �ب��ا �����ا � او ة� �م�ا ����ة� �و������ ب�� � � � �ا ���ل ب��ا ��ه ب��ا ا ���� �م ����ة�ر ا�ا�م ار د �م�ا ر ب� ح ب��ا ���� �برب� � ح��د �ة� ا � ب��ا ��س � او �ة ب�ل�ر ب� �ب� ��ل�� ك� ���ا �ب�� ح��د ب��ة��ة � ا ا � � �و�ل� ة ة� ج � ��ل � �� � ا�ام����ا. ح� م � � ب حب �� ا ��ل�ب��ا د �ة�� �ل���د ���ل�� ����ة ا ��ا � ���ر�و� ح�ا ا ��� � �و�ل���د ك� حب��ر �ب�ا ب� ا ب ��ل �مر�ة ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ���ا � � � ا � � ل � � ب � ة ب و ب ة ب ة ة� ة� ب � م� م م ة� ج �ب � �� �� �� ب �� � ب �ة ا �� ا ا � ا ة ا ا � � اب � � ا � � � � � � ا � � � � م ا � ا ع � � �� ��ول س رب� و �ة� و���ول� ب�ةر�����ل ����د ة� ة� لك ب��ة���� ب�ل��ل ا�م�لك �ل���� و ���ل ة� م ب � � � ��ا � ا �� �ب � ا � �ه � � �ل� �� �� � ا � ا � بلس�مب�� �� �ة ا �� ا�ام�� � � �� ��� ا�ام�د لبر �ب�ا �ب�� ح ب ب�� � ا ا ��ل بو ��د �ل � ة� م ة �ة� ب ة��� بل�ل لك ك� م� ل�و� ع�و ة��د �م .ة��ً�د ب�� �ل� ب ة� ة� أ أ 1ال��ص�ل :ف�ت�ت����طوا ٢ .ال��ص�ل :وا ����طره.
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Chapter Eleven
We passed through the gate into an immense courtyard, traversed by three paths. The first, which was to the right, led to the women’s palace, where the king’s harem was located. Anyone who entered it without warning would be flogged with a cane. The second path, which lay in the middle, led to the king’s inner palace. It was accessible only to the vizier and the other nobles of the realm. The third path, on the left, led to the mint. All were welcome to visit it without fear or trepidation. We walked over to the mint and went inside. It was spacious. There were 11.27 two glowing furnaces, which received the rods of silver and gold. On one side of the furnaces was a large heap of silver rods, and on the other a pile of gold ones. In another spot, some people sat hammering the rods to make them even, while others cut the rods into perfect piasters, half piasters, and quarter piasters with the help of presses. One person would lay the rod across the anvil while another turned the press, cutting the piaster, which fell to the ground. Some other people would then stamp the freshly cut coins with the aid of another press, marking them on both sides with the sultan’s name and seal, and the date. All of this without a single hammer blow! We left the mint and headed over to the church of Hagia Sophia. Today, 11.28 it has become a royal mosque, as it is situated near the royal palace. Every Friday, the king comes to the mosque to pray. We admired the mosque from the exterior, as Christians were not allowed to enter. But even from the outside, I could see that the church, which had been built by ancient Christian kings, was indescribably marvelous. We continued on to the Valide mosque, which had no equal in all of Istanbul.49 It was open to all, except for the section beneath the qibla dome. From there, we passed by the palace of the Keeper of the Seal, by whom I mean the grand vizier. The street was full of people going in and out of the palace with complaints and petitions and other such things. I saw a pasha walk by with two royal footmen and no one gave him a second glance, just as though he were an ordinary person! We spent the day regarding such remarkable spectacles, returning home in the evening. A few days later, His Excellency the ambassador received word that the 11.29 Venetian ambassador had recently arrived in Istanbul and was to have an audience with the king in three days. Upon his arrival, he’d sent gifts to the king and would meet with him three days later, per the usual protocol. The French ambassador told his steward to prepare the costumes and notify the
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� �� ا � ا ب � ب � ب � ب ح��دا ��� � ة ة ��� ا ��ب��د ��ل�ا ة� � �و�ب��ب��� ��� ا ب��ل ع ا ���د ا ��ل�ا ب��ل � � � � ة� � ح�ة� ة�� � ر و �� او �ل�ل� �ل� �ة� �ل� � � �و ة حة��� ا د ا م���ة� ة�� ة ة� ة ة �ة� � � ح��د �مب�� ��� ���� � ب � �ا�م�ا ب ح��دا ر��ة��� � ح��د ��ل��ل���ة��ا ب�ل��ل�� �ب ك� ح�ة� ة��م � � ا � ا ��ل ��� � او � ���ل � او � � � ب ةر �ل ب � �م � ��� او ا �م� م ا �ل� ب �ة� �و� ة ة م م � � �اة ب ����ة��ا �ل�� � ���هة��ا د ا ��ل � ب ب ا � ب� � �ب ب بة ب ل و ��ة� ا � �ل� �ر���� � �وة�� �ب�ة�ر�����ل ا بر�ل����ةس ب��و ح�دا ر � بو��ة��لب������و �هم �ب��د �ل�� �مر����ل��ةس �مس ب ب ا ب� � �ة � �� � �ه � ة�� ا ��ة ب � ة � � � ا ��ل�����ل��� ب ���� � ���د � � � �� � � � �س�� م�����ط� �و� ا ����� ا �� �م ك������ ب ك� �م� � � ر ط ب ر ةس �م� � �م� و ور م ب ب �ل �و� و ة ج ب �ج � ا �� � �ة ��ا �ة�ا ة� ا �����ط� ب� �و������� ر �ب�م ��سب����ة د��� �ول ارب��ة� ���ط�م���بس حة��� ب����بس �� ����د� �����ر �و���� م� ح��ل�و��ة� �ب�� ب و و بب ب ة � � � � ة ب � ب ��م بس ا �ب��د �ل�� �م��س�م�ا �ة�� �عر��س � بو��ة���. � ب ب�����د �م�ا ا�ا�م�د ل �ه��ا ا ب ��ل حب �م ��� ب��� ب ��م�� �ب �لة����� �م ب ا ��ل�ا �ل���� ب ح��دا ر ���ل�� ���� ب��ا ر����� ا � � � � � ب ب ة بر ة س بر ةس و ل ر ةس ع ا ��ل � �� ب ا � ب ة ب �� � � ب � � � � � ب ة ة � � ا ا ا ل � ب � � � � ا � � ���ة�ر ا ��� �ل� �و �ة� �ةل�و� ا ��� �ل� �لب������ او ب �مة�� �مك� د ل�ر�� � او � �ل � � او � ب�ل � ���ة�ر �مس ب �م�ل�� �و�م� ��ة���� ا ��ة� ب��ة��� � � م ���� ب� � �� � ب ��ا ب ا � � � ب �عة ا � ا �� �ا� ا ا � �ا ب � � ا ����� �ب ا � ل � ل ل ا � ل � � م � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � ل � م ل ك ط ا �ل� ب �ل�� و � � � ل و �ل ب �ة� و ر و �ل ط� ا �ل� �ل� ة� و � و س ب ة ة �� ة ا �� ب� � �� ا � ا ��ل �� � ة ���ة � ا ة ا�ا�م�� � ب ب� ب �� ا ا � ا �� � �ب � ا ��� ���ا ب�� ة � � � ل � ا �س� ا ل � ح � � � � � ل ل � � � ل � ك � � � � ل � � � ك ل ط � � ك � � � � � ل � و �ل� ب��ة� ة� ر و ب �ة� ة� ب س ب رة � � �ة �ب � ب ب �� ة ب �� او ا ��� ا � �لة�ر����� ا �عب��� ا ��� ا � ك� ب� ح����ر�ة�� �و ب��م�ا �عة��� ��ة� ��ة�ر���ا �و�م ب� � �س��ل� ا ��م �� ب �� ��و�ل �و�مس ة ة ة ة ب ب ة � � � ب ب ا بل�س � � � ��لب��ا ة� ا�ا��م �����ل�� ب ةس �م بس �ع ب��د ا ب���ة ا �ل�ا� ح ك� م�� � ا � � ا� � ��ا ر��� � او �ل��س�� ��ا ��� � ��� �ه� ر �ه�� ك ��ة� ا م� م� ا �ل� بح ك ة ب رة و ة ر م ب ا ة � ب � ب � �م ا ���ة ا�ا�م��ل�ك ا ب��ل �وا ب��ة���. �� �مس ب��م� ��� ا �ل�ورلةر ا �ة� ا � �ة�����ل ا �ة� � ر ة � � �ب ب � � ب �ا ب ة � ة ح��ل ا �ل�و برلر � او �ل�ا ب ��ل كب�ة��د � ��� � �وب�ا ��س ةلر ب��م�ا � �ل� ��ة�ر � ب�و�ة��ة����د �م� او ا �ة� �ع ب��د �������ور� ا�ام��ل�ك ة ة ب � ب � � ة � ة ة � ب � ا � �� � ا ح�ا ة� �ك�������د � ا �� ا � �ل د � � ا � �ا � ل و ة� و ر ب �و����� ��ل� ��� د ر ب� ب ة ح�� � او ��� ��ة��� �و�ب��ل�م� ب��ة������د � او ا �ة� ا ��� ���� بة�س�مر � � ب ا �� ب ل ا � ا ��ل � ة ب ب حة ا�ا� � � � ح��ل ا ���� ���ا ��ب� ���ة����ور� �و ��ب� بد ��ل��ك ا�م ��ة� � او �ل��ر ب��م�ا � ���ل ب��ة���ل�و� ل�ورةر �و �ل� ب ة م�لك �ة� �ة��د � ة ة � ب �ة � ا ���� ���ا ��ب� د ر ب� � � ب �ة �ب ا�ا� � � ب� � �ة � ا ب ب����ع � �ل��ل� � � � ا ��ل ة ة ح� .حة��ً�د ب��ة��� م�لك ب�ة��ب��د ا ا �ل� ر ب �م� � ة �م��ل د �� م�لك مس ب���ل ا �ل� ب��ة� ا � ا� ب � � � ة ة ب � ب � � ب ب � � ب � � � ا ا ة ب � � � � ح� �ل ا � ار ��� �ب��ة�رد ��لة��� ��� ك��ل� �م�� �ب������� �ل ا�م�لك �ل�ل� ب �ل �مر�مس ��ة�ر ��ط�و�ل�� �و �ة� ا �� ��� �ة ��� � ���هة�� � ة ة ة ب � �ب �ة ب �ة � ا � � ا ب�� � �ب ب� � � ب ة � ة ا �ل��ر ب��م�ا � � بو�ل���د� ب��ة��د � ح��ل ا�ام��ل�ك ا ��ة� � ������ور� ��� ة�� �و �ة� د � �و�ل�� ب��ة���ل�و� ا ر���م� ����� �����ا �� � ب ة ةة � � � ا �� �ة ب �ب��ا ���ط�� ب �� ���ط�ا ب� �م ب �ع ب��د ا�ا�م��ل�ك � ��� �م� ا ��� ���ة� ���ا ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ��ا �ب� ب��م�ا �عة��� ا � �لة � � ل ةس �و���د � ��ل�� �م�� ا �لر ب� ر و � و � س ة ب � ة� ة� � � �م بس ا�ام��ل�ك. � او ������ل ب ج � � ا �م ب �ه ب��ا � ����د ب ����س��� ا�� ب م � بو�ةبس � �ر� �م ار ���ة ا ��ل��د �ة �ل او ب� �كب ة��ب����ل�� ا �ل�ا ب ��ل �� ���� ل� ح�� �ل او ا �� � � ح ك � �� � � � و � ر و ة س ة ة س س ب � � ب ة ة � ة � ا� م��م � � ا ���ب������ � ا �� �لة� � � ا �ل ب ح�� .ا ب �س�ا ب ة ح��ًرا بة� ب�س ب� ��ل�� ��ب� ا ��ل��د �ة �ل او ب�� . � � حة�ب�ً�د ب��ة����د �م� او �ل�� ا� � رو ب� و � ط�� و �ه�و و ب ر ة ة ة رج �� �ة �� � � ا � ب ب ا �ب ة ا � ة ا� � � � ا ل ا � ب � � س ط ح��ل� �و�� �وب���م ��ط�ببس � ب ا حة��� �و ���مر ب� � � � � � حة��� � � � ل م�� � � � ا ح� ��سة�� ملك مس بحة�� �و� ا �ل� ب ���� مس �ه�� ك ��� م� م� � ة ة ب ة � � � ا �� ب ب ب � � ا � �ب �ة ة ا� �� � ا �ة � ب � � � � � � � � ا � � � � � � � � � ل � �س� ح�د ا �ل� ك�ل� كب�ة�� ر�ل ا �ل� ب�� �ة� ب� �و ب��ة�ره� ��ة رةلس ب��ة����ل� او ���� ا �ة� � ح�� ر��ة� م�لك � او �ب�� �ة� ة� م 170
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Chapter Eleven
embassy officials to get ready for the parade. Whenever an ambassador was to be received by the king, it was customary for all the other ambassadors to send their officials to parade before him. The French ambassador would usually send forty of his own officials, all decked out in ceremonial costumes sent by the monarchy. They were made of scarlet fabric with gold embroidery on their sleeves and breasts. They wore rapiers damascened in gold and hats hemmed with gold thread, as well as curly blond wigs. According to what I heard, each outfit cost more than five hundred piasters. Once the steward had finished making his preparations, it transpired 11.30 that the company of forty officials was short three men. So he sent for three more, and I was one of them. On the appointed day, everyone got suited up as described, including me, and we headed off to the Venetian ambassador’s residence. The procession lined up, stretching from the ambassador’s house all the way down to Galata. By the time the ambassador reached the harbor of Galata, the king’s boats had arrived. The ambassador got into the lead boat, while his entourage rode in the other ones, and they set off for Sirkeci, the port of Istanbul. From there, various ranks of janissaries, sent by their chief, along with other figures from the grand vizier’s staff, paraded before the ambassador in the direction of the king’s inner palace. The vizier, the ambassador, and the chief dragoman would enter alone and 11.31 make their way to the king’s private pavilion, which was accessed via three steps. They would climb the first step and the second, but before climbing up to the third, the king would pass, on his way to the second chamber. At that point, the vizier, the ambassador, and the dragoman would still be on the second step. Then the king would stop, and the dragoman would present a brief request to address the king on behalf of the ambassador. When he was finished, the king would ask the ambassador for the news of his peers, and the dragoman would respond on his behalf. Finally, the king would enter the second pavilion, followed by the ambassador, who now wore a caftan on his shoulders, given to him by the king. His entourage also received caftans, a sign of the king’s acceptance of their presence. From there, they would continue on to the council hall, where the ambas- 11.32 sador would be seated in a chair reserved for him, and served drinks, sweets, coffee, and incense. Finally, he would leave the palace, preceded by the king’s retinue—harem guards, confectioners, gardeners, cooks, and many others— who accompanied him all the way to the harbor. The ambassador would board
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� ب � � ب � �م ا ��ة��� ��� ب��م��ل��ة ا ب��ل ب����ب� بر��ل �م ب ك�� ح��دا ر��� � او �ل�ا ب� � ���ل ب�ل��ل�ك ك� ��ا ر��� ح ك� � ���ا � � او � ح��د ب��ة ��و����ل�و� ا �ة� � � و ة س ر ة ة م ة ع � � � � � � � � ب ا ا ا ب � ب ب � � ب ة ح��دا ر�� ة� ا �ل� ب�ل � حة��� �و �مك�� د ل�ر��ا ب��ة��ب����� ا �ل� �ل� �ة� �م بس ا �ل����ل��ط�� ا �ة� ب��ة���ك ا ���� ا �ة� ب��ة��� �و ب�� �و� ة ة ب � �ب � اة � ا ��ل ب � م�د ل�� �ا طس�م�ا ة� ا ���� ا �ل�ا ب� �ور �ب ار��ة ة� ���ا �م�دةل بس � ح ك� ا �ل� ��� ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� ا�ا � �� ر�ة�� �و�ل��لب�� ��ة� ة بة � � ب � � ب � ب ب ������ ب �ة��� �م ب ب��مة�� �ل �� ا ة ا ا ا ا ة � ���ا ��� � بة�ب�س�� ��ط�و�ل�� �م�ا �ة�� ب� ط�س� �و� س �م ارع �و� او � ةس ع ا��ل � �وة� � �و��م �بر� �ة� � �و ب �مة�� � ة ة � ب ب ة �م�د �ب�مور� �م ب �ع �و�ة� ا ��بل ��ة� برل ار ب� �و ��ب� �و� ��و������ ا ��� ا ��� طس�م�ا ة� �ع�م��ل�و� ة�ل�ع�م�ا �و ��ة� د �ة ��ة��� � او � ح��د� س ر م ة ة ة � � ة ��� ط�س ب ا ة �ب ا ���ط ا ة ��� ة ا � � ��� ح��د � او ا �ل ا ب� �و� �و�م� ب���ل� �ة� ��سم� � ��ة� �ة�ل�� �ل �ل�� ��ة�. ��ل� � او � � او ��� ة ا � �ة ا � ا ��ل � ا ح� � ب �� � ب ح��دا ر�� ة� ا ��ل�ا ب��ل ةس ���ا ��ب� � � �ود ب�ة��� طس�م�ا ة� د ا ب� �مر � �ل� ح��ل � حة��� �و�م�و ب�� ��� �ل� ب� �ل ب � ب �و� ة �و�� م�ل�� ة ة ة ب ب � �ا � � � ��� ب �ب ب � �س��ا ة�� 1و � �مس بةس�م� ا �ل� ل�� ��و�ل�ا ة� ���ر ���ط�ا ة� �و���بب�� ��و� ك� ح ب� ���ا ة� �م � � ��� �وة�� �و��ة�ر�ه�م ����ة� ���ة�ر �و ��ة� ةع � ب � �� ��� � ة � ��� � ب �� ب ة ���� بل� �� �ب�ا ��ل�ل�� ح�ب ا � ب ب � � ط ا � � � � � � � � � � � س ل � ل م ا ا � ك � �� � م ك � � � � �د �د �د � ل ل � � � � . � � � � ل م � ل ل � ر رةس بر ة �ل ب ة و �و ر ج ب ور ة ً و ك��ل � �ر�� س � �ب � ب ا �ب ة � � � ا�� � ا ة � ب ا ب ب � � ا �بل � � � � �� ب ا � � ب ة �� �مر� �� ب� و��م بر�� ة��مرح� � او �ل��مرب� ��� ����� �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل� ل��و�ل�� �و��م بر���� �مس د �ل�ك ��مر ا ����ة � � با ة � ب � ب ا ب��م��ه ب ا �� � � ا� �م ار ��ا �و�ل���د� ب�ر ب� ح�ة� ��� ح��س�� ل ا ا � ا �ل�ا ب ��ل ح ب��ا �م بس �ه ب��ا ك ��� �و� بر � �� ة ب �مرح�� ة �� ة ��وة�لو ة ة� ة ب � � ب � ة � ب ة ا � ة � ا �� �� �ة �ب �ب ب� � � �� ��ّ �م ب��ا �مب�� ا �� � � م � � � � ل � � ا ا ا � �� � ا � � م � � ا �� � ل ل � ���د � د د �م ار �� � � � � � � � � � ل � ل ل ل � � � � � ل � � � و ب �ة� س ة� و ة� ة� ة� �وك���ل ة رة س ب ة � ً � ب �ب ب ا�ا�م��ل�ك � ب� � � ب ���ا �م�ا را ��ة ة� �م بس ���د ا ����ة� ا ��م�ا ��س�م�هة��� �ب �لة��ل�� �م بس ا �لب���ة�ر ا �ل��دةل بس د ب� و رو ب ح�� �م � ح��ل� او ّٰ ������ � او لل� ا �ل��� . م � ب ���ا � � �ل � � ���� �م ب �ة��� �����ل���ط�ا ب� �ب �ب����ا ح��ل ��� ���� �����ا ب� ��� �ع ب ��رل ة� ا �ل�ا ب ���ل ء � � ب ر � بو�ل���د ك� م ة وم و ل س ب ل ر ة ة ة� � ة �ة � � � ب ب � ا ��ا ��ل ة ب ���ا ���س ك� � او ���ل�� ا � ���ل �م�����ل��� �و�م بس د ��ل��ك ا �ل�و�كة ة� �ب� ���ط��ل � �� �م ار ��ا �و�م�ا � � � ��� �و�ل���ة�ر ة� ح� �ل ة� ب ة م� ة م م � ة ة �ب ا � ا� � �� ح ب ا �كة ة ا �� � ب�� ا �ب ّ ا �م��مب ب � ب ا � � ك � ل � � � � د� � ا ا � � � � � �د ا � � � د د د � �س� � � � � �د. ح � ح � � � م ل � � ة ً � ة �ة� و�ل ة�� �ة� �ل� �مور ة� ةس ة ب �ة� ب �ة� ب ة ة ة� م ا � اب ب ��� � � � ة � ب � ا� ا � ب� �دا � � � �ة� ��� � ب �وح� رة� و ل ط �م ار �ة� �ل���� � ا ��� ح�� � �وب� ��ط��ل ة� �ل��ل�ك ا ������ر � او �ل� �ل� ة� �� ���مرا ���ر��ة ة� ا ب�ل� ع �ر ب� � م ا ا� � �ةه � ا �ب ا �ب �ةل�� � ا ��ل � �ع ة ا �ب �ة � ا � ا �� ا � ا �ة � � ا ا� � �ب � ا ب �و ب��� �ة� �ل����� رة� �م�و ب � د� �� �س� ة�� �و � �ة� لك ��ة ر� �و �مة�� ل�� � �م�و ة �و �ة� ب ة��ك ���ة� � �ل ة ة ب ��م ب � ا � ب � ب ب � � ب ب ب ب ��ا ب � ��د ب� ح��� ��ل�م� را �ة� ح��ل رة���س ا �لة������و�عة��� ا �ل�د �ة� دلةر� ��ة� ا �ل����ل��ط�� �وك�� � ب��ة����ة� � ب�و�ة����� ���� ٢ر��� �و ب � ���ل��� ��� ّ � او �ب�ا ��ب� �ع�م ة� ا ��بل �م ار �ة�ا. �ر�و ب� �م بس ا ��� ة م �ة� ج � ب � ة ة � ب �ب � ة ب � ب ا ة ب �بك����ا �ل �� �ل�� ب ةس �م�ا ���� ا ب� حب�ة��� ا �ة� ا �ل������ر��� ��م�ا ���ا � ���لة��� �و��� �م�ا ل � برة��د ك � �ل� ���س �ة� ة� ة � ة ة ة ب �ا ة � ب ح���� � ا ��ة��ب� ة �ة� � �ة ��د ة ب ���د � ��ا ا ل�ب � ة ب ب ا ا ا ا ة � ب � � � � � � � � � �� و � �� ب� رة� ا �ل������ر�ة�� .حة��ً�د �ل��ل�� ا �ة� اةلس ا ر�و �ة� ا �ب� �� � � ل م ة ب �ة� ر ج ة أ أ ف � ��س�ا ت � ٢ .ال��ص�ل :ف��تص ف�����. 1ال��ص�ل :و��س�صف� �و
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Chapter Eleven
the king’s boat with a few members of each company, and they’d deliver him to his own palace along with the king’s footmen and janissaries, and all the embassy officials. As I was saying, the procession of officials extended from Galata all the way up to the ambassador’s residence in Beyoğlu. When we returned, I saw that a banquet table had been set up for the janissaries and other guests. It was a hundred arm spans long, and laden with sweets and compotes served upon plates of braided rattan. But as soon as the janissaries arrived, they pillaged the table, snatching up all the sweets and other plates in an instant, leaving it devoid of anything that could be called food! However, a second banquet table reserved for the embassy officials had 11.33 been set up inside the ambassador’s palace. There one found a wealth of fine dishes, such as tarts and dumplings, grilled chicken thighs, and many others besides. At each corner of the table was a barrel of wine along with several crystal glasses. We were invited to eat and drink, so we dug in to the food and downed the good wine. We drank to the health of the ambassador, crying out “Che viva!” and the clamor of our merrymaking resounded outside the walls of the palace.50 Then we left and each returned home. This is what I witnessed of the ambassador’s audience. Of course, I wasn’t able to observe what happened between his entrance to the king’s palace and his departure. I heard about it from those who were present, but God knows best! A few days later, a high-ranking emissary arrived in Istanbul. He’d been sent 11.34 by the king of France specifically to remove the French ambassador. He took control of the embassy, and assumed the role of caretaker. The former ambassador’s tenure was terminated, and everything began to change in anticipation of the arrival of a new ambassador. So I began to feel a sense of despair once again. I couldn’t remain in the ambassador’s mansion any longer because the emissary had dismissed most of the embassy officials and curtailed their wages. Those lovely banquets accompanied by music would be no more. Unsure of what to do, I decided to move my things to an inn in Beyoğlu. But just as I was preparing to leave the embassy, the abbot of the Jesuit monastery in Galata, with whom I’d become friends, passed by. He greeted me when he saw me. “Where are you going?”
11.35
“To the inn.” He didn’t look pleased about this.
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ة ب ل ب � � ب �ب �ع ب��د �م�ا ب� ���ةر���د ب� ب��ا ب� حب�ة��� �بل�ه� �ة�ا ا �ب�ا �ب�ا �� ل� ح�ا ب�� ب� د � ���د �مب��� ���ة���� ��ة� ب� ةرب�ا ��ة� ا �لب����ل��ط�� ر ب� ح��ل ��س ب ة ة ة� ا ب ��ا ب مب �ة � ح�� �ب�ا �� �م�ل�� � � �بعب�� � ا ب ��ا ب� ���ةر���د � ة� ة ح�ة ا ك� ����ل�م�� �م بس ب� � � � � � � ح� ه ك � ����ك ب و و ر و � س و ل ب ة ة� ج ة� �ب� ررك� � ب����د �ة ة ة ة � �ب � �م ا ��ا ب���ة���لة��� � ا �ب� � ا ا � ا �ب ا �م�� � ا � �ة � ا �ب ا � ة �� ا �عة � � ح ب �ة ا � � ا � � ا � ل� ����ل ة� ب� � ��ل م� ب� رة��د �و � ح� �ط� ��ك .ة��ً�د ��ة� �س��ة��م ة ��وم �ة� �� رة � ب ب ب �و�ب����ا ر ��د �ة� �ب�ا ب� ح��د ك �ل�ه ب��د� ��مود �عب��� �و�م����. ة ة � ���ا �ب � � ا ���� � د �� �ب ��ل�ه ب��د� ب���ة�� ا �ب�ا �� �لة� � ة ��� ا ��ب ح�� � ة��� ��ا �ب�� ��ا ب � ل � ا � � د � ح � ��� �و ب و ب �ل ب ة ك � و ة� ة �لوم ر �ل و � ة� ��ة� ع � �� ب �ا � ل ا �مب�� �� ب�ا �ب�م ب���� ب�ا � د ب � ب ح��ل ب��ا ا ��� ���� ة� بد ��ل��ك ا ��بل � ح�� �و�ام�ا ا �مة�����ل ب��ا 1ا �م�ا �م�� �ة�ا � � �وا ب� � �ل�ه��د� ك��ح وةر �ة� ب � � ة � و ة بة م ب � � ة � ة� ب � �ب ة � حة�ب�ً�د ���ل�� ا �لر���س ���ا �ه�و د ا ا �لب���ل�� � ا �ل��د �ة� ا � ك ح ب� ��ة� ا �لر���س. ح��ة� ة� ���ة� ا ��د ا �م � او �����ر ة م ة ب ب ب� �ل�و ب� ا �م�� ب �م ب��� �م ب ���� �ب� ا ��ل�ا�م�ا �ب�� �و�م ب ���� �ب� ا ��بل ��ل��ك �ع ب��� � او ب�� ة� ة��� ���د �م�� �ر���ة� د �ل��ك ةس س ر س ر � ب� � � �ب � ب ب� ب ب ب ا ��بل � ح�� �و ب� ������ ا ب�ر� �ة� ا �ل��س��� �م����� �وا ب� �و�ل ا �ب �� او �ب�� ا �ل ��ة� ب��ة��د ب� ةس �عر���س � �و����ب� �م�د � � ح��ل � ة ب �ً � ب � � ب �� ب �ة � � بة ب ا �ب ب � ا ب �� � �� ا ب ب ب ا ا � � � � � م � � � � � ا ا ا ا ا � � ر� . ا �ل�د ��� �� ��� � ل�ل���� � م ال ح� د ح�ة ر ��ة� ب�� د ر ة� س رر� ة� ب ة �ب ع و � �ل ر ب ج و م � ب � �� � او ��بل � ح�� �����ل�م ب��� ب��مة�� ا � او ��� ا �ب�ة�� ة� � او �� ب�ل� ب���� � او ��ل ة� ا ��� ب���ر� �و�����ل�م ب��� ���بهة��ا � ا �� ك� �وا ب� � ���ل� ر ة ة ة ة ج ع ب� �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك. �ا ب � ا ��ا ب � ب � ب ة ا �ة ة � ا � ب � ة ا � ا ��ل � ب� �ب �و ب� حة��ً�د م� ��� ا �ة� ب��ة�� ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل� ��ة��� �و �ة��� ب � ح�� �وك�� � ا �ع ��ط� �ة� �وة ب��ة� مس ب�ة��� �ل� ب ة ب � ب ةا � ب � � ة �ا ���� �ام ب��ا �م��ة� �ب�د ب� �واة ب��� ا �ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل� �و ب� ���ه�� ا �و� �و��س ��ة� ا �ب�ة�� ة� ���� � �وب��د��ة ة� ا �� ح��ل ة� �� ة ج ة �ب � � �� �� ب � �ب ��ل ا � ب ا ب ب � ب ة ة ا � ة ب � � � � س � � ار��ة ة� �و��� �عس ب� ح� �� ب� �ع ���ة�� �و �ة� ا�� �ل ا ب����د��ة� ا �����س ا �ل�ر�س � او �ب�ة��� � او دع ك��ل ��ة� م � �م � ب � م��ا �ب�� �و�ه ب��د �م ة� �ب ���� ة� ا ��بل ح�� �و�بر������ة �ة�ا بر ب� ��� � ك� �وا ب� ���ل ا �لب���د ا �ه ب��د �م ة� ا ��� ب���ر� حة��� و� �� ر ة � ��� ب � د ب � � ح�����ل ة� ا �� �لة��د ا � ���ل�� ر�عب��� ة� ا � او �ب� ا �� ب���ة��د �و ب� ��س��ا �� ح��ل ة� ا ��� ا �� ك� ح��لب� ة� ا �� ب�ل� ب���� � او �ل ك� �و ب� � و ة ةس ب ة ة ة ج �اب ب ب ب ب �� ب ا ب � � او ب�ر ب� ح ة� �م بس ا �� ك� ���م�� �م بس � ���ل�� ر �م�ا �ةل��ل بر� �م����ل ب� ح��بس �ورة��ة��و� �و���د ا ك���ل�� ا �� �ب �ل � ح��ل ب� �ل� �ة� م ب ب� �د � ة ب� ا � ب �� ب ة �س��� ا ��� � ب ة �ب � ع��م � ب �وا ب� ح�� ر��ب��ا �و ا ����ب��ة�ر � بو�ل���د� �� ح� م� � �و ب ة� ح��ةس ح�� ر�م ار � �م�د� ا ل ��ة� � ر � � � ة � ب ب ة ب ح�ا ا �بل �م�ا ب�ر ب� ح ة� �م بس � �وا ب� ���د ة� ا �لر� ب��ب��� ���ل�م�ا ا ب� ح��ل ب� �و��� ح�� � او �ة��ا ر ب��ة� �ل��ل���د ا �ورا ا ء �ل��ل�ك �� � ا ��ب� ب ا ب � � ا �� �ة �ة��� ب ا ب �����ط �ة�مو�� � �� � ����ة�ر. ��� �� و ل� رة ب� �� � � ب ة � ب ب� �ب ا � ب �ل� �ب ب ة � � ة ب ب ب ة � ��ة��� ا � �ل ��و ب� �وا ب� حة��� �مس ا ��ب��ة��د ح�� ����ل �� ��ا ��س����م ة� �ع ب��د� ا �و�ل ����هر ك���� ل ��ة� ا �� �ب ب ب �ب�ا ب� ة ا ���ا �ب�ا ��ة��ب� ة� ا ���� ا ��ة��ا بر ب��� �و�ة��ل�� ��� بر�م�ا ب� بد ا ك ا ��بل ��ا د �م �م�ا ك���ا � حب���� �م� راج� ����� � ة ة ة� أ ش 1ال��ص�ل :ا �صت���ص ف��ا.
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Chapter Eleven
“I don’t want you to go live at the inn,” he said. “Where am I supposed to go, Father?” He thought for a moment, then looked up at me. “Are you willing to work, my son?” “Yes, Father,” I said. “But where can you find me a job?” “There’s a Venetian merchant near our monastery in Galata. He’s a good man, and a wealthy one too. If you like, I can mention you to him.” “Whatever you think is best, Father,” I replied. “I’m in your hands.” “Spend another day here at the embassy, and I’ll take you to meet him tomorrow,” the abbot instructed, before bidding me farewell and departing. The next day, the abbot sent for me.
11.36
“I spoke with the khawājah, and he has agreed to take you on as a cellarman,” the abbot said. “Let’s go see him.” We went to the khawājah’s house, and when we presented ourselves before him, he rose to his feet and greeted the abbot. “This is the boy I told you about,” the abbot said. “You can be confident that he’ll be trustworthy and hardworking.” The khawājah agreed to hire me, and gave me a wage of fifty piasters per year. I’d also receive half the sum of the door fee, which was earned on the basis of merchandise sold. The other half would go to the cook and another employee. Then the priest went on his way, and the khawājah put me in charge of all the kitchenware, silver, dinnerware, and so forth. He also gave me a key to the cellar. I brought my things from the ambassador’s house to the khawājah’s, plac- 11.37 ing them in my own room, to which he’d given me a key. Then I set about tidying up the house, which I discovered was quite filthy. I began by doing some sweeping and putting everything in its place. I made the beds of the khawājah and his clerk, and arranged the table in the dining room. Then I went down to the cellar and brought up some cheese, olives, and other necessities. This work was familiar to me from my time in Aleppo, when I’d spent twelve years working for khawājah Rimbaud the elder and khawājah Rémuzat after him, just before I left Aleppo to join the monastic order. When the khawājah arrived for lunch in the company of his clerk, he saw how clean and neat everything was, and was overjoyed. After I’d spent a month working for the khawājah, he asked me one day if 11.38 the demijohn of wine was empty.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ب �ب �ا ب �ة � ب ح� ة� �ب���ة��د �ك��س�م� ا ���������ا ب� �و بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل ��لب�ة�ب��ا ��ب� ا ��ل �����هر �ب�مو ب� �حج بر�مة� ك� � ب ة �� ر ���د ا ا � �ل ��و�ل �مس ب �ة� ة ج ع ب �ة ب ب� � � اب اب ة ب � ح��ا ب��ة��� � ا �ب�ا �م�ا � ا ب� �ب ا ا ب � ��بل ���م �و��م �بر �ل او ب�ل�� �����ة� �مس د �ل��ك ا �ة ��و�م �ل�� �ب� ��� �ة � م و ح�� �م� ��� � ��لة� ا ��و ب اب ب ط�س�م � ا ��� ا ��ل���� �ب�� ة ب ب � ب �� � � ب ا ا �� � ا � �� �مر� ا را �م � ب�ل��ر�� �ب� �����م � رو ة� و ���م ���ةس ا �ل���د ر ����ة� �م� ا �ب� �ة� �و�ل� ا ح�� ب ً � � ب� ���ا ب ب �س�ة�ه �ب�ا ���ل�م ة� ا ��بل ح����ا ب� ب� ������ � ���د �ة� ��� ب� ح ���ط �م� ة � ���ا ب� ك� �وا ب� ���ا ا ���� � ح���و� �� ح�� �ب��د �ل��ك � ب � ج م ة م ب� ب ��ل ا � ب � ����مر�. ���ه� ا�� �ل � ة � � ا � � �ا � �ب ة � ���� �� ��� �ا ب� ب�ا �ب�ا �ا� �ا ا �� ة ا �ب ح�� � ح�� �م�ا م ح��د ������ا ب� ل � � ا � � � ح � � � � �� ل � � �� ل � � م �ور �ل ب ل و ب ر ة� �و ب و ر ة ��س بج ��ة� ب ج �ب بة � ة �� �ه ب ا �� ���ط� ب � � �� � ب ا ةل � � � �� ا ب� ب� �ة ��ة� �ب ا � � �ل�ك ا �ة� � ح�ةس �م� رة� �ل�ك � ���� ��ة ����� ������لة���ل�� �ل� ��� ك���ل � ا �� ب ب � ���ج ����� ب ��ر� ب ة �ة ة�� ب ة � ة � ب ب ة ا م ّٰج ب ا ��ب ة ة � ة �� �� �� ا ب� � � ب ب � � � ��ل� �ل�� �ل��ه ������� �ب� رك ا لل� � او �� ك��� �ل���ل�م ا � � ط � � � ا � د �د � � � � ل �� � ��بط�� � � ة� م ة� � بج �ة� ة ب ج � � � ب� � ب ا ة ب ة ا ب � �� � �ب �ب ج �� ��ط� ب � م�ا �ب � � ا ب � �م ة� ا ��ط� ب � � � � � � � � ل � ا ا � � � � � ا � �� � � ل � � � � � � � � ���م � � � ح � � ك ك � ���ا � ة ب � � � � � � م � ر و و و ر ب � � ب ب و � ب ة� ر ر ة � ة ج ج ب � ة ب � � ب � ب ب � � ة � � � ة ّ ا ��بل ح��ة��� ��� �� �� �و��م�ا ا ��� ك��� ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل� �ك ة� �و�ل��د كة�سب�ه � حب �� او ��� .ا�ا�م ار د ا � ة � ط� بس �وا ب� �س���م ة� ا ��بط� ب� � �� ب و ة ة ة ب � � ا � ا ب � ا ب �ب � ب ة ج �ب ة�ا ة ة ح ة ���د � �ب با د ب���� ا ���ب ب � ا � ل �و بد ��ل��ك ا �ل � � � � � � � � ا � بر�م� ك� م � � ا ا � � � � � � �� م � � ح � � � ك �� ر �م بس � ة ة� ر ة ب � و �ل �ل م �ة� �ل � �و ب � �و ة� �� ب � � �م�ا ��� د �ب��ة � �م���� ة� �م ب ���ط� ب س � � ���ا �. � �� � و ب و س ب �ة� س ة� ب ج ب ب ب � ب � ا� �� ا ����� ة � ���د � ا �ّم � ا �ب � ا � ب ب ة ب ا � ��س� ا �ل��د �ة� ل � ����� ر ك���ل ب ة � �ة� ة ة� ر و ��ه�ة� و برة��د� ��لة���ل�� �مس د ا � ا �ل��لة�� ��ة� ع ب� � � � ا � � ب� �� ا � ا � �ب � ا �ب ا ب � ا � ا �� �ب� ة ا �ة �� ���� بد �� � ا ��ب �ب � ة ��ا ب ل � � � م � � ك � �و بح� ح�ط� ر و مرة� ب� ة� رة��د �ل� �ل � ح ���ر �ل�ه ب��د ا �ل� �مر� �مول ل ل�ك ر ك ر ة ا � �� � ب � � ب ا �ل�ع حة�� ������ ا �� �لب��ل�� ��ب� �م�ا ة ب� �مب� � حة� ب� � او ع�م��ل ���ة� ا � �ل��ل� �ة� �م� ة �م��ل ���ة� ��د ر �م� �ه�و ة ا ��ة� ب ب ة � ب ب ا �ة ب ة ب ة � ��� ة �ب ا ة � ا ���س � ���� ب � ا ب� � ة ّ ب� � ة ��م ح� ��ور م��� �� � ���ة�� �و���ه �ر�� �� س�م��� �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� � ح ب� ا �ل��س�ةس و ��د �� ����ة� ب�� �ل� ة م ة � � �بع ب �� �� ا � ب � �ة ا ���د �ة ة �ب ا � ة �سسب�� ة� ��ب� �م�ل�� �� ��� ا ��ل ��ا ر��س � او ر�� ةم� ة� ���لة��� �و� ك �� ب� �سة��ط� �ة� و � � ���� � م��س�� ة� و � ة ة ة ة � � �ة �ة ة ب ة �ة ���د� � ا ب� � ة � ب ب �م ة� ا �ة��� �ة��� ب� ك� ���ل �مو�ة�. ة و ل ح�د � ا �ل��س����ةس �مس �ة��د� �ور�مة���� ح�ة� �و� ر ب � � � �ا � ب ب� ب ا �� �ة �ب� �� ب ب ب ب ب � ب ب ة �ك���سم� ا �ل �م ار � � � ار ��ا �م� ك� �وا ب� ��ب��ا ��د � ح��ل �ل�ل�م ��بط� ب� �� �م�����ةس �وحس �ب� ل�ر �هة��ط ح�� � �� ح ب��ا ���� ب�ل��� ع ة ع ج ب � ا �� � ة ��ل ب ا � ب ح��ل ب �ا �م ب �ل� ب ب �ا �ل� ب� � ا ��ة��ب� ة ا �� ّ ا ��ب ���د ا � ��� ا �� �لةهة��ا ��ل � �ع ب��د �ب�ا ل م � � � � � ح � � ��� �� � � � � � � � � و ب س و � ة��� و س ب ل ة� و ب و ة� � �ب ���ب � ��ة ��ب� �ة�مو� ا �����ه ��ب� ����ب����ل� � � �ا ةل �� ح�ة� ا � �� �� �ل�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ���ا ر ب��ة��ب�ب��ا. ح� �ود ب� � �مو ب�� ة� ة ة ك و م ر �ة� ة م
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Chapter Eleven
“It’s not even half empty,” I replied. The khawājah turned to his clerk, remarking, “When the last fellow was in charge, a single demijohn of wine wouldn’t last the month!” Now, the cook happened to hear what the khawājah said, and so did the other servant. They weren’t pleased about it, and from that day forth they harbored a bitter resentment toward me, because I’d inadvertently exposed their pilferage. However, I was unaware of the grudge they bore. After a while, I began to notice the treacherous glances they cast at me, but I paid them no mind. It was the cook, in particular, who was dead set against me. So I told the khawājah about him, and he dismissed the fellow on the spot! The khawājah set about searching for a new cook, but when he had trouble 11.39 finding a suitable replacement, he became frustrated. “Don’t worry,” I said. “I’ll cook for you until you find someone.” “Do you know how to cook?” he asked. “Yes.” “Praise the Lord!” I’d learned how to cook from the man who used to cook for my master, khawājah Rimbaud. When he was fired, I took his place. All the khawājahs used to love my cooking, marveling at the fact that I was just a boy. So, anyway, I started cooking for the Venetian merchant, and consequently the other servant fell under my authority. He was very upset about this, since the khawājah was overjoyed with my cooking and stopped looking for another cook. The house was now my domain; I gave the orders and did as I pleased. One 11.40 night, a traveler passed by for dinner, and the khawājah ordered me to prepare more food than usual. But when I told the other servant to go and get something for me, or to perform some task or other, he refused. That was how much he resented me! Angrily, I began to scold the man and ridicule him, and wouldn’t you know it, he pulled out a knife and strode toward me, seething like a devil. He wanted to kill me! Appealing to my guardian angel for help, I threw myself at him and pried the knife out of his hand! Tossing it aside, I began hitting him as hard as I could. The khawājah heard us shouting at each other, and rushed into the kitchen, 11.41 where he found us locked in combat. Shouting at both of us, he pulled us apart, then turned to face me.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ة ح� � �ع ب��د ا ��ل�اب��ة ���ا �ل���د ب� �و ب� ا�ا��م ا د ب� بر�� ة� ا ��ل ���س� ���ط�ا ب� �و��م ة� �هة��� ة� ا ��ل�� �����ا � او ��بل �ك�� ة ب� ���د �م�� � م و � ب ر ة ة ب ر ة ج � � � ة � ب � ة ب ب � �� ة ح�ب��د ا � � ا ب ��ة��ب� �م ب �ع ب��د� ا � ك ة ا�م ا ��ب� ح��ة�� �ل�� ب� ار � �وة�� �مك� �م�� .ة ً ح�د ب�� ���ر�ة� �و���ة� ��د �ة� �مس س �� ب �ب ا � ا ب ا �ب ا �ل� �ب � ب �� � بة ا ���� ا ���� �ب�ا �� ا د ��ا � ة ب ����ج� �ب��د��مر� � او ��� ل��و� �ة� م� � � ب �ر� ب ح����س ����ل ل�ر�ة��ة س رة ب ح� ��ودةلس ا� ب �م� ����� د �م��. م بً ا ��لب�ة��� ا ��� � � ب ب ب � ة ب � ب ا ب � ب ب ة ا م � � ���لس��� �مس �ع��د� ا �ل� ا �� را ���� .ا � �� � � ح�ة�را �م���ة����� �ود � ب��� ا �ة� ح� ����هة� ة ة ب� م ة ة ً � � � � �ة��ب �ل ة ا �� ا �م ب ا ب� ب� ب ا � ا ا �لب��د �ب ّ � ا �ب ا �ب ا � ب ا ب�ة� ة ة � � � � ب ا �ب ب � �و�� ب� �ل� ة � ر �ة� و � � ة � �� � ل و �� � ب�� ب� س د ح��ل � ��ر� �ل�لك ا �ل�لة��ل�� � او �� �ة� ا � �ل� ار ��س م �� ب � ���ة ب ح �����ا �� ّ �م ب��� ����ل�� ��� �ب ب �ب ا �� �� ة �و�ة��ل ة� ��ب� ��ا ���� �و��ل�� ب ا ��بل � ح�� �� �وا ب� ���مر���د ا ا �ل � ��� ة �� ة ة ة ب ة ةس ���د �ة� �ة� ���ر�ةل�� �ة� ة �ب ة � � � �� ���ل� ب � ب � �لةهة � ب � ا ب � ب � ة ة �� ة ة � ا ب �ب � ���م ����ل ا �ل��ة���ل �ل������م �ة� �وة طس��ة� ب���س����ةس �وة ��ل��ة� �ل� � ا �لر�و�م �ة� �ل�لك ا �ب��ل� د ����ةس ��لة� � ب ّ � � ب � ب ب ��ل � ب ة � ح�ا �ة� ا �ل�ا ب� ح ك� ا ��ا �ل �ب�ة�������ل�م� او � بو��ة��د � ح��ل� او ��ة� ا �و ب� ��ا ر�ة�� �و�����د ا ا �ل���ب�� ب� را د �� � ا �ل�و��ه �و�م�ا ��د ر ة� � م ة � ب ب ة �ب ا �ب�ا � ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� � او �ب�ا ��ة� د���د ا ر ��ة ��� ا �ع�م��ل. مب ��ب ة � �ب �ب �� �ب ا � ا ب ة ا �ب ة �ب ح��ا � ح��لب�� �م�ا ر�و �ب ة���س�م�ا � ب � � � � � � � � � � ا ح � � ع �� ك � ل �� � � �� � د � � � � � � �� � � � � � ح ة� ر �ة� ب ة� ب ة� � �ة� ة ة �و ة �ة� ر ب �ل ة� � ب ب ب ب �� ب ب ا � ة � ا ب ���ا ب� ���ا � ابل بس ا �ل بر�ع�ب�� �و���د ا ك� ح�ب�� ��ة� � ح��ل ب� ��م بس ب�ل���د �م�ا �����ل�م ب��ا ���� بل�� ع��� �ب� � ���� د ة ة ة ة �ة ب ة �ب � ب ة �ب ��ب� ة ة��ا ���� ب ب���� � �ه ب��ا ك ب �� ��بهة ة��مب��� ����ه ا ���� ���� ة� ا ��بل � � �وا ب� � � � � � � � � � �� ة وو ح�� ا �لب���د ��ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ك� � س ة و ة� ة� ة� ة ب ة ح � ب � � � ب � ب ب � ��د � ا ����ل� د� ب �م �� �� �ل ��ا � ا ا حب��� ��� ����ا ��ة��� �ع ب ������ ب�م � او ب� ح� بل ��ة� �ب� � ���ب�� ب� ب ة�ة� ��� حة��� ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب و ب ب س ب ب م � ب ّٰ � � � ب � ب ة � ب �ه�و ك� ح��ل ب� � او �ل�ا� ا لل� ح��ل ا ��ة� ا �ل��ل��� ��� �ر�لة��� ����ة��ا �ل ا � �لة��م�ا ���س �ل�ا�ب����ا �����د �و�م�� ��ة� � ���ا � �ل�ا ب� م ة � ة � ة ا � ة� ب ا� � ح��ل ����ل��� بةلس�مب���� ����ه� ا �ة� � ح��ل ب� � او ب� �������� لبر ب� ح��د ������ �م �� ط �و�� ا �ل������ �ل ا �ل ��� ��هة� �مس ب� �لو�ل�د ة� ة �ة ة ة م ��ا ة ا ب � ا ب ب ا �ب ة �� �ة�ب � � ب � � ا �ب ب ب � � ا ب � � � � � �م�� ���ة� ��� ع �رك� ����� �و���د ا ك� � �� �ة� �م ار د ة� � او �ل�� ا �� �ة� ا �������د ا ر ا �ول ����ل ا �ل�د ة� ب�ة������ ر ة ب � � ا ��ة� � ح��ل ب� �م��ر�و� ������ �م�ا ��ل�د. ج بً � ب � ب ��ب� ة �ة� ة� ��ل�� �ب�ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب�ر�� ��� ّ �و� ح�ة�را �ة�� ب�ل���د �م�ا ك� ح�� � ا ا� ك ��ة��ب� ا �ة� �و����ل ة� �����د � ا �ب��ل�� د � ة ة� ة� �ا ة ب �ا ��ا � ب ا � � ���� ا �� �� �� د � � ��ا �ة��د �ل� � � ب ب � ب ح�ا �ل��ك ��ة� ���د � ا �ل�� �بر�� ا �م���ة� �ل�����ل�ك �و�ل� ������ل�ك ب �ة� روج ��� �ة� ب ل ة� و�ل م ةع � � ��ا ب �ة �� �� � ب ���� ب ب ب �� � ����� ا � ة��ا �ة ة � ة � ا ا � � � � � � � � � � � � ا � � � � � � � �� �� دد د � � ك � م � � � � � � � م � � ك � �مس ���د ا ا � ك��ل م و ة ر ة ر ب ة � و ر � ة ل و � ة ر ��ة� ة ر و ع
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Chapter Eleven
“Is this any time to fight, while we have a guest in the house?” he demanded. “Go back to work!” With no opportunity to tell him what had happened, I said a quick prayer and went back to preparing dinner and serving it. Afterward, once the guest had left, I told the khawājah the whole story, and he reassured me that it wasn’t my fault. “I’ll throw him out tomorrow morning, you can be certain of that,” he said. “I know all about these Greeks. A wicked, spiteful lot. They can’t be trusted, you know.” He wouldn’t let me leave him until my spirits had risen. Then I wished him 11.42 good night and went up to my bedroom. I bolted the door from the inside, afraid of what treachery might come my way while I slept. But instead, I spent the night lost in thought. “Even if the khawājah dismisses that troublemaker, what if I bump into him in the street and he pulls out a knife and kills me?” I thought to myself. “The Greeks in these lands wouldn’t think twice about murdering someone. When they do, they turn themselves in and enlist with the janissaries, simple as that.” At this thought, my imagination ran wild, and my anxieties kept me up all night long. What was I to do? Then a thought crossed my mind. I’d run into a friend of mine from Aleppo 11.43 at the Jesuit church, a Maronite named Ḥannā ibn al-Zughbī. After we’d greeted each other, I’d invited him over to the Venetian khawājah’s house, where I was living, and served him some refreshments and welcomed him as my guest. Then I asked him why he’d come to Istanbul. “I came to this country to learn the craft of calendering textiles, a trade that doesn’t exist in Aleppo,” he explained.51 “Fortunately, God led me to a master artisan, who’s agreed to come with me to Aleppo, and he’s bringing along his calendering machine, which is made of tempered steel. This was exactly what I’d hoped for, and I’m just waiting for the next caravan to Aleppo. We plan to be on it.” After I told him the story of how I’d ended up there, he encouraged me to 11.44 return home with them. “Stop wandering,” he’d said. “Better to be safe than sorry.” He’d gone on in that vein, but I declined to follow his advice. From time to time, he’d bring up the subject again, urging me to travel home with them,
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179
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ا � ة � � � � � �� � ح�ب��د � طس�م�م ة� �ب� �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل�لة��ل�� ك��ل� �م�� �ة ً
ب �ل ا ب� � ب � � ��� ّ ��ا �مب�� ��� ��� � او �ب�ا اب �ة� �� �م� �ةو�لب��ل ح ���ر ��ة� ج �ة� ب �ة� � م � ب � � ح��ل� � ط�س � ا �لب�ة��� ��ة� ا�مب���� ا ��ة� � حب�ة���� . ب ة م ب ح�� � ���ط��ل� ة� �م ب��� ا بد ب� ��ب ب� � ب�� �م ب �ع ب��د� �ب����ا ح��ل ة� �ع ب��د ا ��بل � �و��ا ��ة� �ة �لو� د ب� � �� ر �وا ب و ب ة� رو ة� س م ب ة � ا � ب ب ا �� ةة � ا ��� � � �ة � � �� � ا ة ب� �ب ا ب ا ا � ا ب ب ب � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � ةل�سم��ل��ب�� � �وة�ا ب� م � د ح� ب � �ر ة� بل ��ول� ة� �ل� ح� � �ل�� ب � ����مر� س ب ة ��ة� �ل� ة ل�و� ح� �رك ة ا ب �ب ا �ةةب ب ب � � � ة ة � � � � ة ة � ب � � �� ب� �مس ���د ا ا ك� ���ل� � �و�م� �م��� �م� ا ك�س��� �مس ك��ل� �م�� ب�ل��ل ا � � ا �ل�ا �� �س���م� ���ة� راة�ة� ة م � � ة ��بل � ب ب ب � ا ب �� ��� � ب �ع � ا � ا � � ب � ب �� ب � ة ا � ح � ل � م ا � � � � ح � ح � �� � � � م �د � د � � ك � � � � � � � � م ل �� � �و ��ط�لب�� ا �ر�وبج �مس �ع��د� ر ة� ب� ��� ل �ة� ة ً �ل ب ة� ب ة� �ة� � ا � ب ة ا ��ل ة ا � �ا ب ب � � ةب ة ة ة ب � � � � � � � � � �وا ب��� مس بل���د �م بس ا �ل� ب�ر� � �و����� ا �ب �� او �ب�� �مك�� ا � �ل��ه ب��ا � او �ع ��ط� �ة� �ب� �سم� �م � �ود ع�� �و �م�ل� � ة ة ة م � ���ا ب� � ح ة� �ة��د �ة� �م بس ا �� ب�ل� ب���� � او ��ل��ة ا ��� ب���ر� �و ب��ة�ر ا �مة����� �و ب�ر ب� �م�ا �����ل�مة��� ب��مة�� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ك� ح ة� ة ع ة ب � � �� � � � � �ب � ب � ة� ب � ة � ب ب ا ل � � ا � ل � � � ا � ا � ع � مس ب�ة���� �ود � ا � �� ا �و بح� . ح�ل� ة� دةر لة ����و ة�� ل�د ة� ه�و ب ب � �� ب� ب�ة��� د �ل�ك � � � � ة � ا ��م �� ة� ة � � ة ب ا ب � �ة � ب �ود ب� ح��ل ة� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ا �لر���س � او � ك ح��ة�� �ل�� �ب� ب� ار � �وة�� �مك� �م� �و ��ط�لب�� �م��� �ب� ��� ةلهب��ل��ة� ة ب ا ا ب �ة ب � � ب ا ب � ة � � ب � ب � � ح��ةس �م� ة����� �را � �ل � ����ل ا �ة� � �ع ب��د� ��ة� ا �ل��دلةر ا �ة� � ح�ل ب� �� ب� ح�ابل ��ة� ا �لرة���س �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ة� �ب�ا � �ة�ا �و�ل��د �ة� با � ب � � ا لس � ب ة ب � ا ب � ب� ا � ����ك ���بهة��ا � ب��ة�� ة� ا �����ط�ا �ة�لب��� �بس � �لهب���ل ��ة� د ل � ةر� ا � �م� �م� بة ل ح�د �مس ا �ل��� او �م �و�ل� ��ة�ره�م ا �م� ب�ل�� �� ة ج � � � � � � ب � ب ب ب اب ب ا �� � ب � �� � ب � ا � � ا � �لةه ا �� � ب ب �ود �ة��� ل�د ة� ب ة�� رل�و ة�� ب�� ط� ةس ا � �ل� �ر����ا � �وة�� �و��ة�ر�ه� �م بس �عب��ا رةل بس ا �����ر�ة�لة� � او �ل�� �م�و ب�� م � � � ة اب ا �ل�ه ب � ب ح��� ب � ة � � ���س � او � �� �ك ���س ل ��ر ة� ح��د �م بس ا �ب��ا د ر�ة�� �ب�ة������� ب��ا �م ��� ار � �م بس �ب�ل� د ا�م�� ة ح�ة� ة����� �ر� او ��� ب ة ةس � � ة م ب � ة �ب ح�ا د � ا ��ل��دلةر � ح�ة� �ة�حجر�ول ب��� ا�ا ك� ����ل�� � او ب� ح��د ة� ا�ام�بهة��ا � � او ر�����ل ����ه� ب� �� ب� م��ا � �و�ه�و �ر�� ب� ة ة ة م ج ة ة � � �م بس ا �ل�ا� ك� �س���ل��. ب ب بب � ح��ل ة� ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ����� ة� � �ه� �� ������ةهة��� ب ح��ل��ا ةس �ود ا ب� �ب�د ب� ح��ل�� ا �و��س ر��� ر �وك����ل ا �و ب� بة و و ب ب ة� ���� د ا � � ب ب ة � � ح ة � ب� � ب ا �� � ب � ��ل ا �ب � � �� � �ب ب ةب ���� � ة ���ا �ب� � ح��ا ب��ة��� ح �� �وا ب��� د ا ب� ح��ل ا �و� ح� �� ب� �� ة� � ة� �� و ة�� �ر ���ةس و�� � و م�ل ة ة � ب ة ���� ب �� � ا �� ا ة � ب ب ب�ب �ب�ا ر �و� ط�س ل ح ة� ��ل��ل����و�ة� ا ������ةر�� ة� ��ط�بب�س � � �و ب�ر ب� � ط � � ا � � ح� �مر� ب � ��ا ر �و� � � ة� م� ����ة ر ةس ر ة ج � � ��� � �� ا ب ة ا �� ة � ب ة ب �ب ���ة ب� ب���ة����ا �م �ة��ل��ل�� � او �ب��ا د ر� ة ب� ��� �ل�ه ب��د �ة� ب�ل���د ا�ام��رب� �وة ���د ا �ة� �و� � رة ����� ل ��ة� �هة� ��مو�� ا �و� ة� ة ب ب � � با� ة ب ة � ب ب � ح � � � �ب �ة �م ب ب ا �ب ة � � � � ع � � � � س م � � ا ل � � ا ا � ا � � م � ل � � � � � � �م � � د �د � � � م ح� � � � � � ل م ��س ب ب �و� �ة� �و � ������ � او لر�ل ة� �ة� و ة �� م � ة �ل ع � � �ا �ب � � ب ب � ��د ��ل��ك �و ��ب� ���ا ��ل �� �ة���ل�� ب�ر ب� ا �و��ل �ة���ل�� �م بس �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل��د �ب��د �ب�� � �و� �� �ة��ل�� ل�� ح ة� �م بس � ار ����ة� �و���� ة� ة ة
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Chapter Eleven
but I always said no. On that sleepless night following my fight with the Greek servant, however, I remembered his words and made up my mind to go to Aleppo with them. The next day, I went in to see the khawājah and asked permission to leave 11.45 his service. He did his best to make me change my mind. “Don’t you worry, I’m going to throw that fellow out of my house,” he promised. “I want you to be happy.” Unconvinced by his entreaty, I remained resolved to go through with my plan and repeated my request. When he saw that I’d really made up my mind, he paid me the remainder of what I was owed in wages, and half the door fee, as we’d agreed. Then I bid him farewell and gathered all my things, after handing over the silver, dining utensils, and other household implements I’d been safeguarding. I left the house and went straight to the Jesuit monastery next door. I went to the abbot, told him the story of what had happened, and asked 11.46 his permission to stay in the monastery until the caravan was ready to depart for Aleppo. “My son, we can’t admit laypeople and such into the monastery,” he explained. “But I can give you a key to the community guesthouse, where the French ship captains and other travelers stay. There’s a priest staying there at the moment, waiting for a bishop to arrive from Christian lands so they can travel together to Persia.” I thanked the abbot and took the key. He sent the monastery’s workhand along to show me the way to the place, which was near the harbor. When I entered the house, I saw that it had two floors filled with small 11.47 rooms. Each room had a bed with two mattresses, a quilt, and clean blankets. I put my things in one of the rooms on the lower floor, then went to the souk to buy an earthenware pot and two dishes, which I used to cook for myself. The priest would come by to see me after sunset, then go up to his room, which was directly over mine. Sometimes I’d chat with him upstairs for a while before going down to my own room. On the first night, I awoke at midnight to the sounds of pacing overhead. These sounds filled me with fright the first night and the second, but on the third I got out of bed and went upstairs to see where the sound was coming from. Peering through the cracks in the door to the priest’s room, I saw him kneeling on the floor. He had a crucifix in his hand, which he thumped against his chest as he prayed. Then he’d lean forward and put his head against the
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ب � ب ة � ب � ب �ة ة �ة �� � او �م�ا �م�� ���� ا �ب��ا د ر�ة� � ار ��ة��� رل�� ح�ة� ا ر�ة� �م�ا ���د � ا �ل��د �ب��د �ب�� �� ��ط��ل�� ة� �م بس ���� ��و�� �ب�ا ب� ا �و� ة ع ا �������ل� ة� � �ه ������ � ����د �ة �� ����د � � ا � ا ب �� ب ��� ا ����� ��ب ا ��ل�ا ب�� �ب��ل�م�ا ح�� � �ب�ة�رل�� � بو��ة�� ر ب �و و �و ب ة �ة� بو ة � �ة� ر و ة� ر س ةب ب ع ع ب ب � ب � ب � ���هر بل ب �رل ة� �و��م ة� ��ة� � ار ����ة� �م بس ��ة�ر �ك���� . را ��ة ة� ���د ا ا�امب� ة ع ة ة �ب ا �ل� � ة ة � ا ب ا ب ة ا ة ب ا � �� � ح�ب��د ة��ب ���د �و� � . ح� �مر�م بس ���ل ب� ع �ة���ل�� ���ل� �ل�� �ة� ا ب� �ل �و� ا ��� �م� ب������ �م ا ة���س ب �ع�م��ل ة ً � رب � ب � � � ة ب ب ب � � ة ب ا ا ا ا � ا ب � برل ب �و���� �� ابل �� �م� را ��ة� ب �مة�� ا ���� ���د � ا�م�دة����� ك��� ل�� �م�����ل�م��ةس � �و �ل ��و������ ��� ������� ع ل ةس ة� ة ة� م � �م � � � � ب � � � ب � ا ة ب ب ب ب ب ة ���ا �ل���� �ع ب ا ����� �لة ا�ام� د � �ل��ل�م��ل��ل� � � ا �ل ���س� ��ط�ا ��ا ���د ��ه ��ا �ة�ا ����� ة� ���� ���د � ا �ل�� �ل���س ا ��� ة � س رة�� و ة� � و و ة � � ة م ة �ب ا�ام�� � ا ب � ب �ة ا�م����� �� حة �م ة� ا ���ط��ل� �م ب ����ر ا �ع ب�� ا�ام��ل�ك � � � � � � � � ا �� � ع �� ل � � �د �� � �س� � � � � � � � � � � � ب س ة ة ة وع ة ب ة ور ل م ب ة ة� ة� �� ر ب � ب �ب ة جع� ب��� ا ��ل��د��� ا ب��ل ��ً�ا ���د � ا ��ل �ع��� ا ��ل�� بد �� �م�ا �����ا را � �ة�لةهة��د �ة� ب�ة��� ح��س��م� � او �ة��� ة� ����� ا ب�� ة� ا �ة� ب� ر � � ة ة ة ر ة ب ة ة ٰ ب ب � ة ة � ا ���ط��ل ب� ����ه �ل����ل ا ّلل� ب��ة��ةهب���ل ���ل�� �ة��ك ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ���د ا ا �� ك� ���ل�� � �ب��� ة� �و���لة���ل�� ���د ا ة� م ا ��ل � ا �ة �� ط� �ع�ة�� � ����� �ل�ه��د �ع ب ا ��ة����د �لة �ب�ا ��ا ل�ب ��� ����� ا ��ل�� بد � �م�ا �ه� �م� ة �س� ���ط�ا � � ك ����ة� �م� ب��ة���ل �ل و ة� ب ة س � ة�� بح ب �ة� ل ة� ة� و ع ع � ة ب ب� ة ب �ة� � ب ة �� ���د ا ا ����ا د � � ةل �� �س� ���ط�ا �ع ب��د ا ّٰلل� �ب�ا �ةل� �ع ب��د ا ��ل�� ���م �ه� �م� ة ه � ا م م � ح � �� �� � � � � � � � � � � ب ر س ةر ب ر ة و و ة ة� ب ر و ب ع � � � ة ب ة ا ة � �م ب��ا �م��ة� �و�ه�و ا � � �مر ��ط�و�ل ا �ل�لة���ل. �س��� �م �ة������� �ةو���� ة ع ة ب ��س� ا ا � ا �م � ة ���د ا ا �� �ا د � ���ل�م ب� ا ����� ب�ا �ة� ��� � ��ل � �ب �ا ب��م�� ا � ��ا ا ��ل���� ب � � ب � � � � م � � ح � ��� �� � � � �و ةع و ب ع ةس و � ب ر ة� �ة� ع ر �ة� و ��ة� � ب ة � � ا ة ب� �ب ا � ��� �مب ا � ا ���ا ب� ��ب� ا ��ل���� ب �و�ة�� ب��ة��ة��د ر �ة�ا ك�� � � � � � ���ل ب� حب�� برك �م بس ���د � ا � �ل� ���ر� �ل� ح� عط ��� �ل� ك � ب و � ة � ةس ة� �ة� � ب ة ع ب � � ب � ب ة ا � ا ا ة �ة با � ���ط� ��ل �ع�م ك �و���ل�م ب�� ��ة�ر ا ���س��ا �ب�ا ������ ��� ط�س ح� ا �ب��د � � او �� �ل��لك ا �ل��ة� �م �م� ك��� � او �ع�ة� ة � و ر ة ��ب � ا��ة �� � � � ب ب ة � ة ا ّ ل � ح���ل. �ل��������ا ب� ا �ل����ل�و�م ب�ل��ل ك��� ���� رد �و�� �ب��� ����� ��مور� ا ��� ب � ���و� � او ب� � ة ��ب� ة� ا ب� ب� ا د � ��ب �م�د �� ب��� ا ��م ��� ب ��ب���ا � ا �� �� ا �ة���ا �� �� ��ل � ا �ة ب�ل� ب� ��� ا �م�ا �و ��ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا�ا�م�د� ك� � رج ور ة� ة ب و و رج �ة� � و و � ة �ب ب ا ب� �ة ��ا ب � ا ا �ب ا �ة ب� ة ا ب � �� ا ب � �� ��� ���ل�ك ���� ��ا � � � � � � ك ا ا ا � � � ك � �و� � ��و رع��� � ل ��� ب� � ����ل�ط� � �م�د ك� � �مر �ة� ب���� �م���� �مر ك ب� ب ب ر ول ب � ب �� ا ب ب � ب � �� �� �مب��� ��ا �ل� ب ا ��سس����ةس �م� ��� ةس ��ط�و ب� �ك���سم�� ة� �م بس ا � ح��د �ة� ا � ب��ا ��س �ب�ا � ا�ا�م ار ك� ب� �مك��ل ة� � م ب بر ع �ع�� لبر �وب� ب ب ب � ا� �� �� �� ب ب �ب � ب � ب ب � ع ����س �� ب�ا �ة�ل �ب � ل �ة� ة� ا �ب�ا ا ا � � ل � ا ل � او �م ا�ام��ل�ك ا�م�د ل��ور �� � �ة �لو� �م���� ���ر�ل� او ا��م ا ك�� ب س �ر �و���د � �ر ب� ح�� ةم � م ة سة ب ر ر ب � � ب ب ب ب ة ة ب � ة ب ة ا ا ة � ب �� �� ب�� �� � �ل � �ل � � ك� ���ا � � او � ح�� ���ر�ل �ة��� �و�� ���رب�. ح�د �مس ا��لب�ة��� � او ��سم ل ةر ة� ة و م بج � � �� �ب �� ب � ب �� � ب ب� ة � ��� ة� ةلر�� ا ب��ة���ل ة� ا �ل�ا� ك� �� ��و��ل �ل�بل��سر �وك� �ب��ل�م�ا � �� ح� د �ل�ك ا �ة ��و�م ل �رل� ك��ل ا ����ل ا ��م �� ب �س��ل�� �مس ة م � ا �� ��ب ة �ة�ة�د ة�� � � ة ة �ة م��� �بم �ة ا �� �لةه�ة �� �ة�د �م�ا ��ل��ة ب �ةم ا �ب �ل�� ب��� � �� �م�ا ا ل��� � ك � ل � � د � � � � � � � � � � � � و ة� ا � �لهة��� ح�ة� ر ة� و ة � ة� ر ر و ة� ب � م و ة�
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Chapter Eleven
floor. After witnessing this scene, I was able to go back down to my bed and sleep without fear. “Father, don’t you ever sleep?” I asked the priest on the fourth day. “What 11.48 are you doing up there anyway?” He let out a mournful sigh. “My son, as I look around at all the Muslims of this city, whose souls are damned, I feel sorry for them,” he said. “Satan has led them astray from the path to the Kingdom of Heaven, so I pray to Our Lord Jesus Christ to enlighten the mind of the Grand Muslim himself, the Ottoman king. Perhaps the flock will follow him. As it stands, they have no shepherd besides the Devil himself.” “Pray with me,” the priest continued, turning to me. “Perhaps God will accept your prayer.” “But that doesn’t make sense,” I replied, flabbergasted. “Who would believe such a thing could happen?” “What is impossible for man is possible for God,” he replied. Amazed by the fervor of this priest, I went back down to my room, leaving him to pray and beseech God all night long. Now, this priest taught me how to make a certain type of eye-drop medi- 11.49 cine suitable for every type of eye-related ailment and pain. “Don’t be afraid to use it for any sort of eye pain,” he said as he made it in front of me. “This medicine will put bread on the table for the rest of your life.” He also taught me other useful things related to bodily health. In those days, I wasn’t aware of the importance of learning new things. I was a vagabond, under the sway of youthful and foolish passions. I used to spend my time going out and touring the city of Istanbul, admir- 11.50 ing its buildings and souks and avenues. It so happened that Sultan Aḥmad had, at that time, ordered the construction of five large imperial ships, each with four holds and seventy or eighty cannons. I heard that the ships had been completed and that the king had ordered them to be placed in the water on the next Thursday. This was to be a grand spectacle! I joined a group of Aleppans who planned to rent a dinghy and go watch. When the day came, all of Istanbul went down to the sea. The harbor was 11.51 crammed so full of boats you could practically walk across them. I’d heard that there were twelve thousand boats in Istanbul harbor that paid taxes to the
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اب � ب �� ب � � ب � � ب ة � ب � ب ب �� ة �ود ��� ا � ك� �� ��و�ل ا ل ��� � ع��مرا �ل�� ��ا �ة�لة� ا �ل��دةل بس ب��ة��� �� � ط او �م�ة�ر�ة� �مس ��ة�ر �س��ل� ا ��م� ب �ب� � � �مو ب � ة ة � � ب ة ة � ا ب � ة � � ب � �� ح��د �مب��� �ة�ا � �لة��� ب ةس � �و��ل�� ���� �ل�ا� ح��ل ����ة�ر��ه � �وة�� بر���ا �ة���� .ا�ا�م ار د �ة ��� ا �ل��� � او � ا �ل�د �ة� �ل�� ك���ل � او � � م ة � م بٰ ٰ م ب �� � ب� ّ ّ �� ب � �� ب ���� � ��� ��ل� � ل ع � � س بل بر��ل� او ا �و��ل �مرك� � س � �م ب �وا ا � �لة� ار �ب�ة� بس � بو�ل���د� � � � � م � � ��� ة�� �وا ا لل� ا لل� �ودب�� �مر � � ب ة و ة � ب و ر ب � م �� ب �� ح ب� � ا ���ا ل ا ��ل��د � ��ل�� � ���ا �ب���ا ��ا �م�� ب� � بل بر��ل� او ا �����ا ��ب� � او �����ا ��ل �� ا ���� ا ��بل � ا ا ا � ك � � ك ل � ك � ��ور ا�م��ل� و ورر و ل بر و و ر � ر س ة ة � ب � �ب ب ب � ة � � ا� ب ب � ة � ب � ب �ب ا ��ب��ب �م �م�ا ا ا ة ا �� � ب �� � � �� ��و�ل �� لر�و�ل �ل�لك ا��م ار ك� ب� � ل� � ر ��س �ة� �ل� مس ����� ر ����� ربج �و���د ا �م� راة���� �ة� ا ��م� ب ة � �ا � � ة �ه�و �م����لا �ل���سم� �ل��ب�� ����ة� �ب�ا د ر ا �ل�و��مو . ع ع � ب بب � ���ا � �ة �لو� �و���� ���م�ا ب��ة���ة ب��ل�� ��� ب ب� ك� �و�ل���د ك� ح��ل � او � ح��د ���ل�ك �م بس �ع ب��د �����ل��ط�ا � �ر�����ا ء �ود ب� ل ةةس ب م م ة ا� � � � �ب � ا ب � � ة � ح�لب ة � ا ا ا � ب � � ح�د �ل�ل� � ك� ب�ل���د � او � �س��ل�� �و�م� �ة�����ل ا �م� �م � �م ار �ة�� ا�م�لك ا �ل ��ة� �مس ����� بح� ب� ا �ل�ة���مرا د ا د � � ة � � � � � ب � ب �� �م ب ا ��بلس �ر ا ��� ا �ل�ا� ك� �ود ب�ة��� �مرب� ا�ام�د ا �ب�� �ل�ا ب� �س���ل�� �ب�ة��ب��د ا �ة�ب� ح��ل ا �ل����ل���م � او ����را�ا�م ار ك� ب� � �مو ب�� س ة �ع � � � ب ب ب � ب ب ا �ل ��سس���� ب ��ط� � � �م ب ا �ل� ل ب ��سس�ع�م�ا ��� ب� ب ب � ا ة �ل ح��د �ة� �مس ��ة�ر ا ب�س �رة�� ��ل�م� ا �� � ���س��ر ة�� ��و�� �عس ب ة ب ةس و ب و س �ه�ة� ب � � �ا � ب ا�ا�م�د ا �ب� �م ب ا ��ل ا ب�� �� ب � �ل���د� د �ب ب �مرب� ا�ام�د ا ��� د � ح��ل ا ����ا ��ة� �و���ا ر �ة�ب� ا �ل��و ��ة� �م بس ب� �مرب� � س ب�� ب�ةس بو ح��ل � ا ب با ة � ب عب � �� � � ب �م� ا � اع�� ح ة ا �� ا � �لب � � � ��ب �� او �ب�ا ب� ا �ل�ا�برب� �� ا ا � � � ��س� ���ل �ل�� م � � � � � � ا ����ا �ل �� �و� ط � � � �� ��و�ل �و ب� � ب ر ر و و � � ب ة ة ة � ج ع � � �ب ب ��ب ة ةل � �� � ب � ح��ل�ل ة� ا �ل�ا� ك� � ح��د ة� ا�ا�م�دة�� ب��� �و� �س���ل�� ح ب��� ب� ا ب� ����ة�ر �ب�ا ��س �� �ر �ل او ا �ة� ا � �لهة��ا ��ة� �وك��� رة� ا ل�د ب � ة� ب �ا �و�ل�ا ��� د ا � ح��د لةر�ة� ر�ة��ة��� �و�ل� ة����سم� ��مو�ل��. ع ة � ح�ب��د ا ���� ا ��ل ب ل �م ب ���� �ب�� ��ا ��� ا ب��� ا �� �ع ب��د �ة ����ا ب � ة ح�ة� ة���سس�م ب��� �ب�ا �ب�� ة��ب� ��ط��ل ب� � �مرب� ب�ط � ة� �ة ً ر �ل �ورةر س ر ب س � � ة حب �ة ا�ا�م�� � � ا ��� ا�ا�م�د ا �ب�� ��ل�ا ب� � � را ����� ب�� ��و ب� ������ .و�كة�ة�ً�د ���ا ر� او ا �لب���ل�� �ة�� بس ا �ل�ا ب�ر �ة��د ب� ل � �م ح � ك ح��ل� او ر ة ة م ع ب � � � � �م ب ب��� �ب ���ا �ا�م���د ا د� . �مرب� ا�ا�م�د ا �ب�� �ور�� �� او ��ب� ا �ل�ا� ك� �س���ل�� ك� ةس ا �ل�ا ب ���ل حة�ب�ً�د بل بر� �ل او ةل ار ب��م�� � س ةر ة ة� � � بع � � � � ب ة ب ب ةة ا ا ة ة � ب ب � ب حب��ر � او �ورلر ا �ل� �ع ��� � �� او ا � � او ��س��هب���ل� او ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �ب�ا ����ة� ب�ل���ا �ة�� ا �ل� ل�را �م �و�م� � طم �ة� ��د �و�م ����ل ة ب ة � �� ا ب ة ب � ب ا� � ب ب ب � ب �م �ة �����ل���ط�ا ب� �ب ا �ب����ا � او �ب�� را ����� ا ���� � ح� �مر� ا�ام��ل�ك ر �م� ��ة��� ��ل� �ة��ةس ا��مر����ل��ةس �مس �ع��د ح� ر ل ة � ب � �� � ا ��ل � � ب ة �����ل���ط�ا ب� ا ��م�د ���م�ا �ب�� ب ةس �مر����ا �ة�� �ل�ا ب� ل��م �م ب��� ���د �ة�� � او ��� �ع ب �رل ��دد �ة��ل�و� �ة�لهب��� � ح��ل �م ار ب��� ب � ا �� � �ة �ب ا �ل� ل ��� �ل�ا ب� ���د ر �م ب���1. ح��ل ا �ب�����س ا �ل��د �ة� � بة � ة � ا ب ا ��� � ب � ا ب �ب ��ل ا � ب با حة�ب��د ا ��ل�و برلر ��ا ب� ة� حب� �� �مر� ً ة ب �مر� او ا � �لهب� ��ط� � �ب� ��ة� ا �ة� �ع��د� �� �ة� �ة �لو�م �و �ة� ا �� �ل ���ةس � � ب � ا �� ب � �ع � � �� ب �� ب ب � ا ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا�ا�م ار ك�� ب� ر ب� ح�الةر � او �ر� � او ���د �ة� �ل��ل�ةهب� ��ط�ا � �ب�ا ����ة� ���د ا �ة� � ةم��� �و �م��ل �ل� ا ل �را � را �ة��د م « 1ا ف��� �ع ف ل � ...ص ف���� » ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش ص��س. ت� � و ر
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state, which didn’t include the boats of the officials, each of whom had two or three vessels for personal travel and recreation. They lowered the first ship into the water, and a great din rose from the crowd. All were shouting, “Allah! Allah!” as they slaughtered animals as ritual offerings. The other ships followed one at a time, as the king himself looked on, along with his ministers and all the grandees of the state. What a marvelous day it was! This was what I saw when those ships were launched in Istanbul. It’s one thing to hear about it, but quite something else to witness such a rare event. A few days later, eight royal galleons sent by the sultan of France arrived 11.52 in Istanbul. One by one, they entered the harbor, and as they passed before the king’s palace—which is positioned toward the left side of the harbor when you’re entering it from the sea—the galleons fired their cannons in salute. The smallest ship had seventy cannons and more than seven hundred soldiers on board, not including the sailors. After the first ship fired its cannons, the second one entered the harbor and fired its cannons from both sides, followed by the third, which did the same. The neighborhoods on the outskirts of Istanbul trembled at these sounds, and the people thought the Franks had captured the city. Many people fled into the wilderness. The smoke hanging over the harbor was so thick you could scarcely see the person standing next to you—or hear them, for that matter. The minister then sent one of his chief officers to the French admiral with 11.53 a request that they cease firing their cannons, because His Majesty had developed a headache. So the remaining galleons entered the harbor without firing their cannons, anchoring in the usual way. The dragomans of the ambassador came down to receive the admiral in most honorable fashion. They then went to see the grand vizier, informing him of the arrival of eight galleons dispatched by His Majesty the king of France, who had sent eighty anchors to His Majesty Sultan Aḥmad, for his new ships, which he hoped the sultan would accept as a gift. Furthermore, the king of France had dismissed his ambassador for not fulfilling his duties appropriately. The vizier arranged to have the admiral brought to him the following day, 11.54 and ordered that the French ships be reprovisioned with victuals. He presented the admiral with expensive gifts, showering him with honors on behalf of the king.
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ة � �ب ب � � � �ة ة ب ا ة � � ب ب ا ب ب ب � ا �ة �م بس �ب���ل ا�ام��ل�ك �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا � �لوك� �م�� � �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ل�� ا ��� �مر�م� د ا ة�ل� ��ورك ا �مر�مس ا �ل�� �مور ح�ة� � ة � بة � ح�ا ��� ا �� �لةه� ���ط�ا ب� ��ا ������ �ةل��ل��� ��ل��س��ا ة � �ب�ا ب� ا �ل�ا ب� �ب�ل�� د �ب�ا ��ب����لة��� د� �� � �ل� ب���� �ل��ك �ه�و ���� ا �� ا�ا�م ار د �ب�ا ب� � ب ب ب ة ة � ة م م ة م � ب ة � ة ا �� �لة حب � ��ا ب �ة�لة� ���ل � ا ب ا ب ا ب ب �م �ة ا�ام��ل�ك �و�م ب � � �ب�ا �ا�م�ا �م�و��ل �م ب � � � �مس ��ل�� �م ةر� �� � حب� � �ب� ط��� او � ب�� �ر�م� � �ب� � ���د �ور س س ر م ج �ب � ا ب ا ة ب � �ة � ب � ا � ة ا ب ب ا �ب ا ا � ب �ب �ل� ب� ��ل��ك �م�ا ��� � او � �و����� ر ة� ������ل �و�ل� ا � ���� � ب� �ة� ا �ل�� ح�د ة������ ر� ح� �ب�� ا �ل�ورلةر ���ة� ا � �ل ��ور �ة��و �� � ة ا ب �مر��� ب�����ل��� . �ط�لب�� �و � م � � � � � � ب � ب � � ب ب ة ة ب ط� ا�ام��ل�ك ب� ���ل�م�ا ا �ل�ورلةر ا ب� ح ��ط ���م �ر�ل� �م بس �ة��د� حب��ر ا�ام��ل�ك ب��م��ط��ل�و ب� ا � �لهب� ��ط�ا � �ب�ا ����ة� ���� ��ل ة ع �ة ب ة �� ب ة ب ح��د � ��ا ��ا ب ح��د � ا �مب � ا ب��ل ��� � ح�ة��� ب��ا � ة � �س�ة��ا �م�وا � � او �مر �ب�ا � �ة �لو���� �� او ا �ل�سم�ا ��ة��� ��ل�� �ة��ة بس �م بس ا � �ل��� �ة و�ل و � ة �م ج ��ة � ا � � ا ��لب���ل�� ��� ب ���ة��د ا � � ح��سبم�ا ا ر����� ا ��ل� برلرا ب��ل ���ا � او ة� �و� �مر�وا حب� ح����ر�ة�ا ة� ا ��ة� ا �ل� ب� ع��مرةل بس �ة �لو�م ا ��ة� ة ر ل و ةةس ة ب � � � ب ��ا ب � ب� �� ا �� �لة�� � � ة ا ب ب ب ا ا ب ة � � � ا�ام��ط��ل�و ب� �و ��ة� �ل�لك ا�م�د� � � ح��ل��س �مس ا �لة����م ار �� �و �م�ة�����ةس ة�����ة�ر �ل������م ك�� � �ل او ةل��ط� او ج � � � � � ب � � �و������د � او ا ���� �ةل��ل�ك ا �لب���ل�� ��� ب �وة ب� ��ب� ا ��بلس ���ل��� او �م بس ا �لة����مر �ل�ا� � ح�ا �ام�ا ا �لة������ة�ر �م�����ك ب��ة��د� ةةس ر ة ة ة ب ب � � � ب � ب ة���س�م � � ��ا ب�� ا ��لب����ل ب ب ح��د ��ا ب ة ا � � � � � � � ا � � ح��ل �ب�ا � � � ا ل ل � � م �وا ����� �ل�ا ب� د� � � � � � �د ل ل د � � � � ح � م � ح � � س ل�ك ة �و� ب �ل � ب ب� ة �و� ة ل�س و ة ر ة م م � ب بب �����ل��ط�ا � �ر�����ا ء. ب ة �ب ة � � � ا ا ة � �ب �� ��و��ل ا �م�ة�ر �م بس ا �م ار ة� �����ل���ط�ا ب� ���� �و��د �وك� ���د� ���ا � ��� �و �ة� �ل�لك ا �ل��ة� �م ��د �م ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب ة ب � � ب ةب ة ���د � � ��ة��ب� ب � ا ة � ب ب � ��ة� ا �ل� ���لة�� �وك���ا �� ة� ب��م�ا �عة��� � �ل��� ���س ���� ��ا ��س �م بس ا ����ل ا �ب��ل� د ة�ل��ر�م� او ب�ل��ل����ا � ور و ب ب ة ة � ب ة �رةج�� ب ب م � � ب � � ا ب � ا �ل��د �� ا � ا � �� ب �ل ط�س ا � � �ا � ة� ا � ح��د �م ب ا � ح�دا ر ا �ل� ب �ل�ة� ة ب �� ب�ة� �و�ه�ود ا ك ا ب��و ح� ����هة� �مس ا ���لة�� �ة� � او �ل��ر �ة� ب�� �ة� � او � س ب � � ���د ا ا ��ل�ا�م��ر �����ب���ة ةلر ب��م�ا ب� �ب�ا ر ب� ة ب ا ب � � ��ة��� �س���لة��ا � 1ورا د ة� ���سبم��ب��� ��� ة ب �مر� ة ��ة��� ا �� �ب��د �ل�ك � او �ع ��ة ة ع � � ب ب ب � ب ب ا ا �ة ا ر ��ا ��� �����ا � ������ �و� طس�م�م ة� �ب�ة����ة� ���� ا�م���� ��� ���د ا ا �ل��م�ة�ر �ل� ��ة� ��س�م�� ة� �ب�ا �ب�� ب�ل���د ر بة ب ر � ة ة بة ع � � ا ب ب ب � ا � � � د �ور�ة�� �ب�ة�ر�و� ا ��ة� �ب�ل� د� ب������را �لب��ر �ورا د �ة� � ح�د �ة� �و�ة�ل او بح����� ��� ا �ل��م�ة�ر. ج � � ب ��ب با ب �ب ب � ا ة بع � �ب ب � � � ح�ة ة ب � � � � � � � � � � � ع � � ل ا � ا ل � ا ا ا � ه � � ا ك ح � � �د ل � د � � � �م ح � م � ل � ح� � � � � ل � ك ر ة� �و �ة� د �ل� ة وم ة� ةر رةج ة� و ب ب س ر ب�ة� ب � �ب ب ��ور ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ��ب� ر� او ��� ��� د ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا�م�ة�ر ��م�ا ���ا ب� ���لة��� �و���ا ر �ة �لو�ع ب� ب �ع ا�ام�د ل�� ����ة� �و �م��ل ة ع ة ب � ب �� عمب� ة ا �� �� ا �� �ة �ب �� ا �� �� � � � ب � ح��د� � ة ح��ل� � ا �ب�ا ك�� ���ل ب� ا � � � � ا ع ل � ل � � � � � ��د ���د � � ل م � � � ل ح�ة� �ة � ة� س �ة� و ل �ل ط ب ة �و ةس ة� ب و � � ة ع � �ةا � � ب ا� ة �ل � �� �ر�� ة� ��ل��ك د �ب�� ��� ��ة��� ر�عب ��و�. �سم ل ع ا ��م�د ا � �ل�� ���ر ب��ة� ا��لب��ة� � او �ع ��ة ة ا� ب �بة � � ب� �ا ّ �ة ب ب ة ب � ب �� ب���ل�م�ا � او �ل� ة��ب���� �ل�ا برا �ل �ة��د �و ة� � � � � ح�ة� ��ة�ر ��ة����ة� �عس ا �ل�����ر ��� د �ل��ك ا �ل��م�ة�ر ا�م�د ل��ور ة� ب �ة ب� � ة �ب��� ة � �� ة � ة � ب ا��مب� ا �ب لع � � � � � ب � � � ��ة��� � ار ر �ب�ا �ة� ���د �ل� عس ��� �و ة� بر�و ��� ا ة� � ح�ل ب� حة��ً�د ل��ة ر� ة ��ة� � او ع�ة ة ج ح ف��� ا � ...م ��������ل���ا » ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش « 1و�هو فد ا ك ا �فك ص��س. �و ر ر ت ت ت� �
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Chapter Eleven
“Is there anything you are in need of that we might provide?” the vizier asked the admiral. “Perhaps you might inform His Majesty the king that our lands are experiencing a rise in prices because of the shortage of wheat,” the admiral said. “We ask that His Majesty the king might issue an edict authorizing us to tour around the Province of the Islands and purchase your crops without encumbrance.” “Request granted,” the vizier replied immediately, and sent him on his way. When the vizier brought the admiral’s request to the king, the latter issued 11.55 an imperial edict in his own hand ordering that the eight galleons be loaded up with good wheat, for which they would not pay a cent. The galleons remained in port for twenty days, until the vizier sent a group of galleys off to the Province of the Islands to gather the requested wheat. In the meantime, two hundred prisoners were given their freedom, which they gained by diving into the sea and climbing aboard the galleons, because, from the moment a prisoner grasped the side of a galleon, he was officially saved, and no one had the authority to take him back once he was safely aboard. They were pardoned as a gesture of goodwill toward the king of France. Around that time, one of the princes of the kingdom of Sweden arrived in 11.56 Istanbul. His intent was to tour the region, and his coterie were searching for local guides who spoke Italian and Turkish. One of my friends—the embassy official who’d traveled with me from Marseille—came to see me, proposing to get me a job as a dragoman for the Swedish prince. I agreed to his proposal and gave him my word that I’d travel with him. I’d heard that the prince planned to return to Sweden overland following his tour of the region, so I made up my mind to leave Istanbul with him. The very same day, as I was about to go meet the prince, who should pass by 11.57 but Ḥannā ibn al-Zughbī. When he learned of my impending departure with the prince, he wasn’t happy. He began to admonish me and did all he could to prevent me from leaving. “The caravan is leaving for Aleppo in two days,” he said. “I’ve already rented a mule for you from Aḥmad the Aleppan muleteer, and I gave him a deposit.” In the end, I succumbed to his protestations and decided against travel- 11.58 ing with the prince, giving Ḥannā my word that I would return to Aleppo with him.
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ة ح�ا �� ب��ا ا �� ا ��ل�� ب��� �بك����ل ب �م ب��ا �ب�ا ب ب ب ح��د ��� 1ه ب��ا �ل�� ب�� ا ���س��ا ا ��ل ��ة ��ة��ب ب����ه ب��ا ��ب ا ������� �لة � � ب � ����ة� ب��ة���لر�م ���ه�ة� � ة� ر بة ر ب ة � ر ة� س ة ة ةة ب ب �ة � � ب� ���ا � د �ه� �ة �ب �لب�� � � ب ب ��ً�ا ح�� بر��ة���ل �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك �م بس ا �ل�� ا �ل�� ��ط�ا ر� � او �ة� ب� �و��هة� ا ��� ���ل����ل �وك� م ر م ر �ل و ب � ا � ة � � �ب �ب � ا ب � اب ���ا � � ة���ة ا ل � ����ل�� ة� � �� � ة �� ��و�ل و ك� م ور برو ��و��ة� ��� ب� �لو� �ل� � ����ل ا ��سة�� ب�������لك �ة� د ر ب� ا ��م �� ب � ة � � � � اب ا� با ا� ��س� ب��ة��� ��ط� �وب�ا �م���م�ا ا ��� بر�ب�ا � �ل�ا ب� �م �ر�ا ة� �ل� � ا ����ل ا ��ب� ح��� بس �م بس ا�ام� ح��ل ����� ��س�� � بو��ة����ة�ر ة ة ع �با ة ب � ��� � �لو��ة�ر � ����ة�ر. � � بة ة ةا � �ب ة ة ب ح ة� � ا � � ��ة��� �وة���ل ة� �ل�� ا ������ر�ة� ا �ل��د �ة� �ب��ر�ة��د� ���هب���ل� ����� �ل�� � او �ر ب� و ح�د د�� ب� ا �ع ��ة بب ا با � ب ة ا � ةة ب ح��دا ر ���ا � ���� ة� �ود �ع ة� ا ��ل ��� � او ب��ل �و ب� �مر� � ��د �� ب� �و �� ح� ح�ب�ة� � او ��س����م ة� �� ح� ��ة� �و�م� ة رة س � ب �ب ب ب ة ة ا ���ة��ب�ب �� ب�����د � �ل �م�� ب �مر ب��م� � ح��ا ا�ام�د ل�� ةس ا ب� ح�ا �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �و����� ��مو� ب�� ب��ا �����ا �ر. � ب ر ة و و � ة م ة �ب � ب � �ب �� بل ا ب ��ا ب ب � ة ب ب � � � � � � � �� � ا ا ا ا � � � م � � � � �� ��ول �ة� و � ���ط ���هر رةر � �س�� � ١٧١٠م�ل� � �وك�� � �رو ب �ة� س م ب �وة ب �ة� ة� ة ا ة � ة � � � ب � ���ا ب� ا ��سم ل � ��ة�� ة� ������ ا ���� ا �ل�ا� ك� ����ل�ه ب��ا ا ���� ا � � �س���ل�� �وك� �و�م ب� �س���د ا ر � ار��ة ة� ح�ة� �ة� �� ة ��رة� �� �ةل�� ة ة � ب � � بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� ح�� ب��ب� بر��ل ة� � حة�ة��ا ر ����ل��� ا ��ل����ة��ا ��ل �و� �وا ب� �وا ب�� ��� ا � �لة��ا �ة�لة� �و��م �بر�ا ا ��� ا � ك� �س���ل ة� � � � ة ة� ة ة ة م م � ب�ب � ب ا � � ب ا ب � ب � ب ا ة� ب ا ب � �ب �� �ا ب ا � ة ب ة ة �س��ة��م ب��ا �ب���ة�� ب��ا ا ل � ا� � � �وا بح�� مس ا � �ل�� ة�ل� �ود � �س��� ا � ح�� ح�ل�� ا ��سم ل ��ر���� ا �و� ��� �ة� ا � � �و د ر ر ب �ة ة ً � � ا �� �ة �ب ا � �لة��ا ���ر ب��ة� �و ل ����ل �����ا. �ب ب � � ا��م ة � ب ا ا � ا �� ة � ا � �ة ا ب� ب �ة � � ا � �ة ا ��� � ب ا ب �و �ة� د �ل�ك ���ل ا �ب���ل ��لة��� و د ل�� ب� ���� ة ��و� ر ة� ح��� ر ٢و � �ر ب حة��� �و��ة�ر ةا � ة ح��� �بك����ا �� ب��ا ا �� �لة��ا ���� ب�� �ع ب ������ �ع� �ة ة��� ب��ا � ا ب ا ا ب ة ح� ب���� �ب� � ب�ل�ه �� او ة����� �� او ���ة� د � اوب ��ة� ب �� ���ر ب�ة ر ة� س ب ب و ب ب � � ب ب � � ��� ا ��م�ا �� ب��ا حة��� ا ��ل��ة بر�م ب��ا ��ا ب� ب� ��ب��� �ع��ة��ب��� ا �ب�ا �و ب��ة�ر ة��ا ���ر ب� � او �ل بر� �مو�� �ب�ا �ة� ا ��م��ل �ل��لب��ا �����ا �� � ب ة ة ة� ب� � � ا � ا ��ب � ب ا �� � � ا ب �� ة ا ب ب ا � ة � � � ة � ا ب ب ب � � � � � � � � � � ح� ��ر ا �ب �ل�ة�� مس د � اوب�ة� ��ل� �� م������ � �� ح��ل � ��س �ل� ب� �و �م��ل �ل�لب�� ���� �و ل طهر� �ب� � ع��د ة� � �و � � م ب م � � � ة ب ة ب� ب �سس����ة د � او ب� ��ل�ا ب��ة�ر � او �ل�ا ب� ا �ل�� بر�م ة� ا ����ا � ��� ا �ب��ا �����ا ا ���� ا �ة ��و ب� � �� � ح���ا ر � او � ك���ا � � ب رة ة رع � ��ا ب� � ا ��ل�ا ا � ة �ر� او �م بس ب��ة�ر�ة� ��� � �ب��ةر���د � او �ة����ا �بر� او ����ه �ب ك� ��ة ب��� �� �� �. � �سم ل و ة ة� � ب ة م ب ة ا �� ب ب � ب ب ب ب � ب ب حة � ب ب ب ب � ا ا ا ا ا ا � ب ب � � ل � � � ع � ل �ل�م� ب�ل�ل�ه�� ���د ا ا�ب��ر �ر���� �و� �ر� �� ا �م �ر� �ة ��� �م��ل ��د �ور�� ���ل ��ة�ر �� ��ر ب� حة��� �ة� ة ب � ب ا � ب � �ة ب � ب ا ب ا ب � ة ا ��� � ب ا �� ا ب ب �ب� ة �ر�ة� ��� �� ح��د�ب�ا ا � ��� ��م�ا �و ب� ح��د ا �ب�� �ة ل �سم ل ��ةر���� .حة��ً�د ا �ل� ر م�� ����� �ر �� �� �ر بحة��� ا ة� �ة ��و� � م ع ب �ة � ا ب ا � ة ة ب � � � �ب ��ل � ح�ا ا �ب��ا �����ا ا ���� ا � � ���د ا ر �و �ة� ا �س� �س����م ب��ا د �ل��ك ا �ة ��و� � �و��ا ��ة� �ة �لو� ا ب� ر�ة� ح��� ر �� ��ا �ل ة م م أ أ 1ال��ص�ل :ف�ا ف��� ف�ا ٢ .ال��ص�ل� :ع���ص�ا ر.
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Chapter Eleven
“In that case, we must prepare ourselves for the journey,” he said. “We’ll need to bring along a few things that will serve us well on the road, like an uqqah of pepper; a few dirhams’ worth of cloves, ginger, and other spices; some pack needles; and some soap. These things will be worth more than money once we leave Istanbul, and the people of the villages will give us whatever we need in exchange for them. This way, we’ll save a lot of money.” What he said made good sense. I took out a gold piece, handed it to him, 11.59 and told him to buy whatever he deemed necessary, and off he went. In the meantime, I put my affairs in order, and went to say goodbye to the abbot and to my friend the embassy official. Then I waited for Ḥannā to return. He appeared two days later. “Let’s go,” he said. I departed Istanbul in the middle of June 1710. I grabbed my bags and we 11.60 went down to the harbor together, where he’d rented a dinghy to take us to Üsküdar. An old man, the master calenderer, was waiting there with their baggage. I loaded my bags into the dinghy and we crossed over to the harbor of Üsküdar, where we unloaded, and then went to the caravansary and rented a room. We waited there for the muleteer and the caravan. The concubines of the pasha of Afyonkarahisar then arrived at the cara- 11.61 vansary, along with our muleteer and various others. We asked our man why he was late. “I was forced by the pasha’s men to let them load up my beasts, whether I liked it or not,” he explained. “We had no choice—the other muleteers and I—but to drop our other loads and carry the pasha’s goods. I did manage to set aside three mounts for you by pretending that I only had seven, but I must travel to Afyonkarahisar with the pasha. If you’re willing to come with me, you’re welcome to. Otherwise, you should feel free to find another muleteer.” At this news, we became despondent and didn’t know what to do. We 11.62 made the rounds of the other muleteers, looking for someone else to hire, to no avail. So we were resigned to traveling with our original muleteer to Afyonkarahisar. We spent the day there. The following day, the pasha arrived in Üsküdar and the concubines immediately loaded up and set off, with us close behind. When we arrived at a gulf of water blocking our path,52 we crossed it in a dinghy
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�ب � � � ب ��م��ل� ا ا � ا د ��لة ا ����ا �����ا � ����ا � ا � ب� ب � ح بس ��ة� ا لر�ه�م ا �ة� ا � �و����ل ب��ا ا �ة� ا �ل��دة�ل��ل ا �ل��د �ة� و رو و و و �� ب ا ة � ا ب �ةا ة ب ا ب ا �� ب � � ا � ب ا � ا �ب ب ا � ا � ا ا �� ة �� ا ب ط�ه ب�� ��� ا � �ل�� �ة�ل � ب � �� ح بس �ود �و ب���� ا �ة� د �ل�ك ���ج �و���� �ر� �� �ل��و د ل�� ا �ة� � � د بر���� �و� ل ة ع ا �� � � ���ا �ورل���و�ة�. �ة� ك � ا ب ة � �ب �ا ب ة ب � ب ا ب ا ب ة ا ة � ب ا بل ب �� ا �� �ة �ب ب ب ب ��س���� �م���� ��� مة���ل �� � ك� ���ل�م�ا �و���ل�� رل ل م�� � ����ر�مر�� �� �ور����� �ة� ����ل ب�ل�هة��د �عس ا ���ة ة ة � ب ��ا ب � ب � �ب �ل ا بل ب �� ا �� �ة �ب � بل ب �ر� ب��ا � ��ا ر � بو���� �م�ا ء بة�بس م��ا ب� �م ب� � او ���بس ��س���� ��� � ك� ��� � �م� رل ل ح ة� ا ��ب� �ر�ة� ك�� �� ر�و� ة ����ل ب ر ة ج ا �ةا � عب � �ب ب ا ا ب ب ا بل � ب ب م�ا ب ا �� ب ا ب �� ب� � ا �� �لة � �ب��� � ة��ا ��ل �� ب��ا � ب با � � � � � � � �� �ه ب��ا ك ا ب� � � � � � � � � � � ك لو ح� ا � �ل�� ���ر ب��ة� �ل�ه��د �� � او �م �ر� ب روج رل �ة� � رل ة � ا ب ا ��� ��� ب��س� � �ة � ا � ا � ا �م � �� ب� ب �� ا �ب ا ��ل��ل�� �ب��� �������ل�� �و��. � �� �م د � � �� �� ل� � ة � ب � �ل �ل ة وم ر ة ر ة ب ة ر و ةً� ة �ل ب م � � ة ب � � ة ح ب �م�ا ���ه ب��ا ���� ا � ��� ����ا ب� � �ة��ة�ر �م�ا �ب���ل ة� ا ��� ا ر�و� �و�ل�ا رب���ة��ا ��� ا �ة� ب� ا ة � ب ا � � ب��ا � ب�ل � ح�د � او ة� ة س ب ة ��� �و��ل�� �ل� س ة ة ج ب � � �ةا � ب ب � م��ا ب� � .ب ح��د�ب�ا �ب�ا � ة � �م ب��ا ��م�ا ا �م�� �س�ة��م ب��ا �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� �ب��� ا �ب�� �ة�ا ب� حة��ً�د ا ر�����ل ا � �ل�� ���ر ب��ة� ة ب ا ا ب � ا� ا � � ا �� �ة �ب حة ���ل ب ا � ب�� � ا ب� م����� ��� �و� ة�� ب��ا � �ع ب��د �ب�ا � او �و��� � �ب� �� �م� ب�ة����سة���ل ل ����ل ب��ة� �مر� ���لة��� ��� ة �م �� � � و ة م ج ة ع ا �� �ة �ب ب� ب �م ب �بك �ه ب ا �م ب ا � �ةل�� � ا ���ب��س� � �� �� � ا �ة �ب ا �ب ا ����ل � ب � ح ب��ا ب � � �وا ب� � ا م ل ��� ل � � ح � � � �� � ل � � � ل � � � � � � � ل ��� � س �ل ك ة ة ل ة �و �ة� ة �ل وة و س ة� ����ل �و س س � ب � �ة ب ة ب ا �ب ب ة ا ب � � �ب �� ��� ب ح ب��ا �وك�� ���ا ب� ار ب� ح�ا �ل�� ��ة� ب�ر ب� ���ل �م ب��ا ر�ب� ��ط � ح�� �ور��د �� �و �ة� ا ������ �� ا �ل�لة���ل ��م��ل ا � �ل�����ل رب � ة ا �� ب ب ب ب ب ب ب ب ا ا ا ا ب ب ب � � � � � �مر ���� ا � � ا �� � � حة��� �ب� ��� ة �م�ل�� �رد ��لة��� ا �� �و� �مس �ع��د �� �و�ه�و �� ة��م �و��ة�ر � او ع�ة� و ل�� �ر ب �ة�ب � ج ة� � � ب �� � �ة ب ب ا ب �� ب ا � � ب ب ا � � ب ا � � ب ا ب حب��ر �و�ل���د ����ا ��� �ب�ا �ة� ا �لب���ل�� � �و�ع ��ط� د ا ��� ل�ل � �بر ب� ����ل � ار ء �م� ��ة� ع �� م �وحس �� ة�م�ةس �م� �ه�� � ب ة� م � �ة ة � � ب ب �� ب��ة�س �ة ة ا ب ا �� �ة �ب ة ة� ��� ب �� ة� ب� ار س ح��� �ب� � ل ����ل ����ا �ر�����ا ر ة�ل�هة� ��ط �وة���سس�م ب��ا � �وة�ل��و�ل � ب��ا ����ل �و�ك ة� �م ب��������ل � ج ً � �وا ب� ح �� � بو��ة��ا ب� � � او �ل��د � او ب� �����ا. � ح��د � او �� ة م � � � با � ب � ب � ب ب ب � � � ب ��ب��ا �و��م��ل ب��ا ب� ار ب� ���ب��ا �و�ام�ا �و���ل�� � ك� ح ب��ا ��� ا �ل��د � او ب� �ور بك حة�ب�ً�د ���� ب� م��ا � ا �ل��د �ة� ك���ا � ��ا ر�ل ة� ب �ة ب ب � ب ب � ��ة�� ب �بك����ا �� ب��ا �ا ب ب ب ا �ة��� ا � �ل � ح��د ا ب��م�ا راة�� ب��ا ا ���ا ر ا � ب��ا ر �بم�و�ة��به ب��ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ����ل ��م�ا راة�� ب��ا ا � م�� � � ارة���� ��س�� ةس ة � � ����ة ا �ل ��ة �م ����� ب����ا ا �� �لة �ب ب �ة ب ب ا ا ة ب � ب ا ب �ب ا ب ب ا �ب � ب ا �ل���ل� �م �مس ا �ة� ��س����� ����� �ر�م� �عر�� اة���� ��هة� ا �ل��س�� ة� ة� ة� ����ل ��مو��ه�� �ب� �ه���ةس ب ّٰ �ب � �ب ب ��� �ب�� ب ����ل�� �ةل���ل ة ب ا ��س���� �و�ة �������ل� ب ا � ح ب ��ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل��د �ة�لة � او ��ل ��س ��ا �ب�� ��ة�ر� ا لل� �� ب ح� �� �و� ا ����ل ا ���ة و ر ةس ة � � �و� �و س ة � �ب �� �� � ب � � � ة ا ������ب��� �ب�ا � ل��دة������ �م ار ب� ���ه� ا �ل��د ر ب� � بو��ة���ر� ا ���ر� �ل�. ة ة ة ة � ب ب ب� ة ب � � ب� ة ��ب � ��� � �ب ة � ب ة ة ة ب � � � � � � � � � ل ا م�� حة��ً�د �رل� مس ��لة�� �و �ل�ة�� ر��س�� ��� ركب��� �ورحة��� ��� ����دة���س �ة� � ك �س�� ة� ة ��ا ب ب ب � � � ب � ا ا ا ب � ا �� ب�ل ��وة��ا ب��ة��� ب���ل�م�ا �م ����� ة��ب��ه ب��ا � �وك�� ���ل �م ب��ا رك� �� ب� د ب��ة��� �و��م �ر� ا ��� ا � �و���ل�� ا ��� ا ��ل� � ك� م�� � �وك�� � ة� ة ة
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Chapter Eleven
together with our beasts, then pressed on with the concubines until we arrived at Gavur Köy. The convoy halted in a desolate spot, a mile from the village. Meanwhile, 11.63 my companions and I made camp just below the village, in a field as lovely as a garden, with trees and a freshwater spring. Shortly after we arrived, our muleteer made his way over from the other spot and told us to make camp with the rest of the convoy. “The people of this village are a pack of thieves,” he said. “They’ll rob you in the night.” I didn’t want to budge, and neither did my companions.
11.64
“We don’t have anything,” we said. “What are they going to take from us?” The muleteer wasn’t able to change our minds, so we spent the night in that spot, and he sent his brother to sleep in our camp with us. He told his brother that when it came time for the convoy to leave, he’d shout out to him to have us load up and set off as well. Meanwhile, we tied our bags to our bodies, in fear that the village people might indeed come for us in the night, and then went to sleep. In the middle of the night, the convoy loaded up and the muleteer called out to his brother to have us load up as well. The brother responded, but he did so while half asleep, and he then turned over and went back to sleep! Meanwhile, the rest of us slept on, oblivious to what was happening. An hour later, the young man woke up and listened for the sounds of the convoy, but he didn’t hear any bells. That was when he knew it had left, and he began to shout and curse us. “We’re going to get robbed!” he yelled. “They’re going to take our things, and our animals too!” We scrambled to our feet, loaded our bags on our mounts, and galloped 11.65 away, soon arriving at the spot where the convoy had been camped. There wasn’t a soul to be seen, only the remains of a campfire. And two roads. “Which road should we take?” we asked the young man. He didn’t know. We stood there, confused and afraid. What if the villagers came after us while we were so vulnerable and robbed us? Suddenly, I was struck by divine inspiration. My horse had frequently traveled this road, and surely knew which way to go! I got off the horse and loosened its halter. It walked forward toward the 11.66 upper road, and we followed behind, each mounting his horse and galloping
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ة � �بع ة �بك��س ب ا � ب ة ا � ب ���د �ب�ا ��ا ب� د �� ب��ا � ط� د ��ل��ك ا � �ل او د �ة� رب�� ة� ب� ار ��س د � او ب� ب��اة� � حة�ب��ا �ود �ة� �مة ��� �م�ه�� مس �� ��ل بر � ب ع � � � � �م ب �ه ب��ا ك � ���ا �� ب��ا ب�ع� � ب ع ����ة�� �و�ع�مة�ب��ا ��� ا �لر� �و �ب����ا ر ا �لب���ل�� � ا � �لة��ا ���ر ب��� �ة��ة�� � � � � � � س ة ج ة� بم �و ر م � ة� ب ع م ب � ا � ا ب�� � �� ا �ب � �ل� � � ���س � ا � ا �ب ب ح��� �ك��س�م� � �� ب � �لة �� �ل� ب� �م�ا ة���ل ب��ا �� � ط ����� �ل�ر س �وع�ط�� د � ��ل� ة �م �و� � او ب��� ا �� ����ج ة ع و س ة و و ع �ة ة ة ج ب ح��ا ��ا ب� ��ه ا ��ة��ا ����� ب � ��ا ب� ا ��ل��د ر� �م ب �ب�م �ة� � .ب ب ب ةس �م�ا �ه�و � �� �� ح بس. حة��ً�د �ر� ب م ة � ب س و �� ب م � � � با � �� � ب ح�ب ح�ة � ����ل� ا ��ل�ه ب��د �ب�ا � �م ������ ب��ا ��ب ا ������� �ل�ة ا ��� � � � � ا � �د � � � � �� � � ا ��ة� ا � ا �ب��� ط� ةس � � ط � � � ب ر � م ة� و و ة ً و ة ة� رة� � ب� � ج ج � ح��م ب��ا د �ل��ك ا �ب���ا ����ا � � �ل���د ����ا �عة��� ب � ���� ا ����ا ������ ا �� �ع ب��د �ب�ا � ب��ا ة� �بك��م �ب�ا �ب�ة������� � � �� �ر ر ب و و ا ��� ب ج بو ة� ةس و ل ب با ب � � � � � � �م ���� ب�ع ب ل � حة ب�ع �كة ة � �وا ب� ح�� �مس �� ���ر� ا �ل�ا�م ���ط�ا ر � او �ل��سة���ل � او � ة � �س�ة��ا � ا �لب��ة� �� ا ��ة� ا�ام����ا ء ر رةر �ة� ر � �ة م � �ة ة ا � ة ب ا ل �� ا � ا ب �ل ا �ب ب ا � ا � ا ا ب ا�ا� ��� � ة �ة � � ��س���� �ةر��ب��� �وبل�� � ح��د ا ��ة� ب� ��� �� �م� �� ة ح� �ل��� ةر �ة� �ة� �مر �ب�� ���� ء �ب� � م�ر م��س��ة��م ة ة � � � ب ب ب �� ا ب����ا ط�س ا � ة ة �ب �� ���م � او ا � �م بس ا �ل��س�� ���� �ود ب� ح��ل �ه�و �و�� �وا ���� ا �ة� ا ���ة �� ب� ا �لب�ة ��و� �و�� �� �و ة� ��س���� �و� ر ��لة � � ا � ة �ة ا � ل ا ة ا ���ب��س� � �ب ا ب � ا ة� ة ا ا ب� ب ة ب ا ة ب ب � ا �و� ل حة�� �م���م � او ب�س�و � ����و ع��س��ر �س��� م بر � �ة �� �و�� ب ح��� ا �م� حس �ب �ل�ة��� � او ������ةس ة � � � � � ب حة �� �� ب ب ب � � ب � ب ح�� ب ��ب� � ط�س ��س���� � ح��ل ���� ا � �لب��ل��� �م �بر�ا ب��ة��د ب� ح ة� ا�ام���ر ��� ةس ��ة� ةل�� � ط �و�ا �م��ر�و�ل �و� �لو ك���ا � ح بس ا ���ة ة ة� � �م�ل�ة ب� � ة �بل�ل�ة ب ب � � � �� � ب ا ا ب ا � ب ح � ب � � ب ا � ا ����ة ا س � ح � � � س � � ا � �ور �ة� ب��ة� مس د �ل�ك ا ل��سة���ل � ل�د �و��� �ب� � عة�� �����م �و� ةر�م���م ب ة��ةس ب�ةس ر بح��ل ب �ر ب ب � � او �ل��د � او ب� �� �بر�ا ��ة� ا �م �بر�ا. � � ب� ب �ب ب � � ا �� �ة ة �ب ا ��ة�ب ��� ا �م�ا �م ب��ا ���د ��ا ��ة��د ��� ��بم�ا ا �� ب��ا ا ��ل�ا ا ب��ة ��ة�ر �ور�� ب��ا ��ل�� ا�بم � � � وحس �ة� د �ل�ك ل�وك� �ة� � � � ر ر ة ب ب بة ب ب � � ا ب �ب � ب ة � ����� �� ا�ا�مب�ب �� ة� ��ل�ا��� ��ل���� �ب ب� ح�ل� ��س �ل�� ك� �مر �و����ا �ل رب���ة��ا ��ة� �ع ب��� �ل�ا�ب�� را ��ة� ب�لب���ة�ر � � ب ب �� ب ر ب س س هة� ة ج � ا ب �� � ا �ب ا � ة � ة ب ا ب� ة � ة � ب ة ا ة �ة � � ا ب � �و�����ر�ة� �م�د �ل�ء �مس را ��ة� �و�ل�ب���س �ة� ��� م�ة� ��لب ��� � ������ ر ����ل� �لر����� �ة� �مو� �ل او �ل�� �ب� �ة� ب � ب ��� �ب � �و���ا ر ة��ة�� ����� ا �� ��ا �ب � �لة� �� ا �� � ح�ة� ا �مب���� ������ ح�� �ة�� ���ل�م�ا ���سم� ��ا �� � � ح� و ل ة� ة ���م ب ����م ة �ول�و �ة� ة ع ب ة� ةم رج � م ب اب �ل� � �ع ب��د� �م �ر�ب��س ا ���مر�� ���لة���. ة �ا ب ة ا ب ا ب � � � ب � ة ح�ب��د رد��ة ة� ا �ب�ا ���لة��� �ل��ل����ا ب� ا ��ل��ةر �� ��� �و�ة��ل ة� ��ل�� ا ب� ك� ب �ة ً �� � ب���� �ةو���� ���د � ا �ل�لة��ل�� �ع��د ك ح�ة� ة ّ � � �� � �ب ب� ا �ب � �� � � ب � ا �ة ا � � ا ���م �ب� �� �م �� ب ح�ابل ب��� ب �ةس ���ل ��� ا �لب� ر �� ���س ب�� � �ة��ل ا � ����ك ب��ا ب� �� � ل ح�د مس ب �م� �� � روج ر ة� ة �ة� رة ب � ب � ب �ا�ا ب ة � � ب ب ب ب ب � ا ا ب ب � � � ح��ل� ا �� ���� � ل ب ا �ب�� ���� ة�ل��ر�� د ا ر�ة� �ب��ل��ر�م ا �� �و�رة���مة� �ربج �مس ا �ل�د ا ر � �وة��د � و س ة ���س ا �� ب�م����ة� � ب� �ة � ة �ة �لة � � �مب� ب� ة � � � �ب�ا ة��ب���� ��ب ا بل ة�� � ح�� �� ب�ل�هة��د �عب� �� ح�ة� ا د ب� � ح بس �م ب���ب�����ك ل� ا ��ة� د ا ر ة� �هب��ل� �و� ��ل� ا ��ة� �و وة� ة م م م ا ا ب �ع ب �ل���د ��ب � ح ب �ة�ا �ل� ب��� �ب �� �لب��ا �ب � � ا ���ب ب ��س���� ب��ا ب��ة � �ب� �وبل بر��ل ب�ة��� �ه� ا ���� � � م�� ���� � � ا م � � � � � م � �� � � و س ب ة ة� ور ة� ة سب �ة� � ة� ة
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Chapter Eleven
on. We soon arrived at a peak. A deep valley stretched out ahead of us, and the jingling of bells could be heard far below. It dawned on us that we’d taken the wrong road, and our spirits sank. As we turned around and prepared to return the way we’d come, the young muleteer shouted out to his brother. He lay down and pressed his ear to the ground, hoping to hear a response. “Didn’t we tell you that we should have taken the upper road?” is what he heard them saying, so we felt profoundly relieved. It was they who had chosen the wrong road, not us! We waited for the convoy to arrive at our spot, and then we all followed the 11.67 correct road until morning came. Two hours later, the pasha caught up with us and passed by, and we followed behind him. It rained heavily that day, and our bags were soaked in the downpour, which lasted until the evening, leaving us in a sorry, sodden state. The pasha, faced with the incessant rain, decided to veer off into a village just off the road. He and his coterie rode into the village, kicking the people out of their houses and settling in. Meanwhile, the troops set up camp outside, pitching their tents and huddling beneath them, while we were left standing in the center of the village, the rain pouring down on us. When we begged the peasants to give us a place to stay, even a lowly stable, to protect us from the torrent, they swore to us that their own women and children had already taken refuge there among the livestock. What were we to do? We stood there, trying to think of a solution to our troubles, and Almighty 11.68 God provided one. A handsome young man suddenly appeared before us, and asked my companions who I was. He’d noticed that I was dressed differently, like a Frank in fact. My hair tumbled loosely from my head, and I wore a calpac made of marten fur. “Tell him I’m doctor,” I said to them. At this news, the young man implored my companions to let me go with him to visit an invalid he had at home. “If you shelter us at your house tonight, I’ll come see your invalid,” I replied 11.69 to him, speaking in Turkish. “It would be a blessing to have you,” the young man replied, “but I fear that one of the pasha’s men might discover where I live. Then my wife and I will be forced to leave the house so they might commandeer it. Why don’t you follow me at a distance?”
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� ب � �ب �ب ا ة ب ا ب ا ب ب� ب ا � �ب�ب� بر�و�ل �و ب��� ب� �ع ب��ا ب���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� م��ا � راة�� ب��ا � �و�ه�و �ة� �������د ر�� ��د ح��ل�� ا �ة� ة � ا � � ا ا ب � �لب��ةس ب���ب��ة ب � ب � ا ا ����ا � �ب ا �� ب��ا س � �ب� �ب ار �� ب��ا �ب�ا ب� �� ���ر�ة� ا ��ب��ا ب� � او �ع ��ط� ه� ا ���� � �� ��� ة � د ��ل��ك ا ����� ��� � �ا � م ر ب � �م �و و ب ب رة ة ح��ل�� ���ل�� �� ���س��ا � � ا �ة��ب��� ب د ا ب� ةس. ب ب و ب � ة � �ب �ب ا � ��� ��� د � �لبه��د �ب�ا � �ة��ه ب��ا ح�ب���ل ب��ا ��ة��ل�� �ة�� �ب�ا �ب�ا �ورب���ة��ا �� ب� �ل�و ب� ���د ا ا�ا ك� م��ا � ���مرك � ار �مة��� � ل ���س ة س ة ة و ة ب � ب� ب �ب �ة � � � ب� � ا ب � �ة � � � ا ب � ا �ب ح���ل ب��ا �م ب ���د �ب�ا ا � �وا ل�لك ا �ل��سب�� ب� �و � ��ة� ا �ل ���مرك �وحس �ة� ل�لك ا � �ل� ل ��ر� � او �ل� �رب � ح�د �و ة س ة � �ب ب � ب ��� ب ب ا �ب � � ب� � � ��� ا �� � ك� �و�ل ب��د ب� � ب ا � �ود ب� ح��ل�و�ه� ا �ة� د ا ب� م��ا � ����ر�و��س �و ��ة� � ح��ل �وك��ل� �� �و� �ة� ا �ل�د � ���د ر ح�ل�� �� � م ة م � � ب ا ب � ب ا � � ب ا �ب �ل ا � ب ا ب ا ة �ب ب ��ل � �ب ح�ا �ة�� . ا�ا ك� حة�ب�ً�د �ة�د �م� او ��� ا � ار بح�� �و�لب����س�� � �م� را �و ه� ���د �ة� �� � ��م� ا م��ا � ا �و ب� ��ا �ل �ة�� � � ��� او م ة � �ب �ة � �ب ب ا ب � � � � ح�ة �ب� ب�� � �ب ة ا ب ا � ب ا �ب�ا ر ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�ا�و� ا ة � � � � ا ا ك ل � � د د � � ل ��� � � � � ل � ك ة� ب ة� ب ح� �� ة� ���� ��ة�� ب���� .حة��ً�د ا ���� رح ب ة ا �ة�ة�� ب��ا ������. ��ا ب ا � ا ا�ا� ا ء ب� ب � ب ح ب��ا � ا �����ة � ب ا �ة � � ب ا ب � � � � ا � � ة ب ب ح بس �����ه ب��ا �� �ةوا ب� و ر �وك�� � م���� م���� �و ح�� �لة��ل� �� �مرد �ل�ك ا �ل���� ب� �ل�ل� او ������ةس � � � � �� طس�م�ا ة� � � ب� ب ح��د �مب ا �م�ا �م ب��ا �ب�ا �ب���� ة ب� ��� �و�م�د ا ��� حةب� �� او ا �ل�� �����ا ب��ا �ب ب�ل�رد � او � ��� ا �ل ار د �و�م�د ا �لب����س���ة�ر وو � م م ع ة ة ةبا ب �� ب ا � ب � ة ا� ح ب ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل� �كة ة� ��ا �هة��� ب �مة�� ا ب ح��� ب �م ب � ه � � � ح � ���� ركب���� �وح� �مر��م �بر� ا�م� ء �و بح ��� �ة� ة������ة��� �و س ة� و ب ةس ب ب ةس س ة �� ب ب ا � �� ةب ���د ا ا ��ل�ا�م ا ��ل�� بد �� � ��� � � ��� ا � �� ب�� �ل�� ا ���د ا ر����� �� ب��ا بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا � � م ح�ة� ا �ة�ا �ةو�� ب��ا �ع ب��د� بر ر ة وع و ة ب ل ب ة � � ب ة � � � �ب ��س� � ب ا ب � ا�� � � ح ب ����ر رر �ع�م���� �و������ � ح�ب��د ��د �م� ا � ب��ا ا �ل�� �����ا �و�ه� � ط�س ط�س � ح بس ب���ة�ر و �س ب ة و ع ��� ���د ا ا �ل� ل�را �م� .ة ً و ة س ب ب ً ب ة ب ب � ة ب ب � حب � ا ا � ب � ا �� ب� ا � ب ط� � �و�ة��� ������ ب��ا � �ا � � �� ����� بس ح بس �ود �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب�. ��� ةح�ة� �و��سس ر رة ب ة ج �ر� ب���� ب�ة� ا ك��ل ر ة � � ب ب ب ة ة ح�ا � �ل ا ا ل �لة ة � � ا ا ا ا ا ب ة ب � ح � � ب � ���� �مس ا �ل������ ب� ���ل�م� ا �� � �ة ح� ب� �ل او ������� � او لبر�ة�ل� �ة� ح����ل� او ا �ة��دة���� � بول���د� ب� ب و برة�� �ا �ب ة با � � �ة �ة � � �ب ب ا بة ا با ب � با ��ه�و� ب���ة�ر �و���� �� �و� ا �و�ل د �ور �� �ة� د �ور ��ه�و� ��ة ��ب��� .حة��ً�د �عب�ة���� ��ل� �ة�ة���� � �وب��دة���� � �������� 1مر ب ح���� ب���ة���لة���ل�� اةل ب �ه� �م ��ب�� ا ��ل�� بد �� �ع ب��د ك � ��� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا ب� � ح��د �مة��� ح�ة� ا را � � او �ة��ب� ��ة� ب� ة و س ر س ة ة ع � ا ب � �� ة ب ا �ب � ا ب � �ب ا ا ل ب �� ب ����ل�ب ب ب ح�ا ���� ك ���ه ا �� �ع ب��د� ب�����د �م�ا � � � � ا � ك ج ل �� � � ك ح � � � �ل���ك ط�مر�� �ة� ���� �ك � بح� ب ��ة� �م��ل �ة ��و�ك و � ب ر �ة� ة� ب� � ���� بل�� ب �ب � � ب� �� � � � ب ب �ب � � � ب ا ب��ة ب ا � �� ب ب �ول ��� ��د � �مك��ل ب��ا ��ل�� �ة�ة�� ب��ا ���� ب��س د �ل��ك ا �ل �����ا ب� �وك� �ة� �ة� ا �ل�د � ح��ل �ة� د ��ل�ة ر �و � ���� ا ��ة� �ة ��ا ب� �ب� ���� �ة� ا ��ب��ا ب� �و�ه�و ��ا ب� ا ��ل �ر� ب��ا �مر �ب�ا �ب���� �ة�ا ب� ح��د � او د ر ب�. ب ب ر م م أ 1ال��ص�ل :وف��� ف��تص ف��ا.
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Chapter Eleven
I agreed to his plan, and the young man set off. We followed him through the thickets behind the village until we came to a cave. The young man disappeared inside. We approached the mouth of the cave and found him waiting for us. Then we descended together into the cave and came to a door, which he rapped upon with a particular knock. It swung open, revealing three young men inside. My companions and I were suddenly seized by the panicked thought that 11.70 we’d fallen into a den of thieves! As we stood there dumbstruck and fretting helplessly over this prospect, the young men came out and took hold of our horses, brought them inside, and invited us in as well. We went in: The cave had rugs on the ground and a stove in the center. When they handed our bags to us, the men discovered that they were all wet, so they fired up the stove to dry our clothes as the young man who’d led us to his home welcomed us warmly. Night had fallen in the meantime, and we rested a little as our clothes dried. 11.71 Then the young man ordered the others standing before us to bring in some dinner. One of them went to set the table, place some bread upon it, and lay cloth napkins across our laps. He brought in a jug full of water and an earthenware cup for us to drink from as we sat there, stunned at this wondrous turn of events. It was nothing less than the work of God Almighty, who had sent us this young man to give us shelter and treat us so generously! Dinner was served. A large platter of rice with lamb appeared, followed by a second platter of stewed vegetables and a plate of chicken cooked in the kazan kebabı style. It was a sumptuous meal indeed, and we dug in together with the young man. After dinner, they brought a basin and a pitcher for us to wash our hands, 11.72 followed by a large pot of coffee. We all had a round of delicious coffee, followed by a second, then filled our pipes and sat back to chat with the young man for a while. “Where’s that sick person you mentioned?” I asked. “It’s time I had a look at him, now that you’ve treated us so generously.” “Please finish your pipe,” the young man said. “I’ll trouble you to come see him when you’re done.” We finished smoking, and the young man rose to his feet and invited me to follow him inside. We walked down a corridor and arrived at the door of the women’s quarters. He knocked and told them to make themselves scarce, as we were coming in.
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ب ب� � �� ب � مود � طس�م�د � ك� �و���س � ك� ح��لب��� ا ��� ب���� ة� � ب���ر�و���س �م� م���ل�ب� � �ب�ا �� � بو�ل���د� د طس� � ح��ل ب��ا ا �ة� �� م��ل���� �ود � ة ة ة و ةم ب �ب ا �� ب�ل ا ��� � ب حة �ا � �ه ا � بد �� � ا ��ل � �ا � � �ا � ة � � � ب ���ل�� ة ��س���� ب� �� � ح��دا � ح��ل ا ��ة� ر و �و ب �لو ل�ك ��� ب� و � �ة� �ر س ر ب ح ب� �ل�لك ا ���ة ب ��� � � ة ب � ب �� � � ا � � � �ة � �ب �ب � � ب ���� �مس ���ر� ل� ة� �و�مة����و ب� ���ة ر �و م� �ة�� ةل�ل��ط ل����� �وك ���ا � �مر ب� �ود���ة��� ��ب� ��ط�� �و�ه�و ب��ة��� � ة ة � � ا ب � ��� ب� �� ا ة ب �ب ��بل � � ب ة �ب �ة ا ���ل��ط ا �ل��د �ة� � ح� ��س �ة� �����د ��� .حة��ً�د ����لة���� �و ب�ر�ع��� �ب �ل ��و�ة� �ل�� �م� �ة��ك ��ة� ح��ر ة ب ب ا ��بل � � ك ���ل��� � ا �ب�ا �م ب ��ا ل�� ح��ل���ط �م�ةس ��ل�ا ب� �ر ب ب�ر ب� ���ل��ط � �و���ة�����ةرة� �و��ة��ة��و� ��ا �ب� ���د ا ب� ح��ل�ك ���د ا ك و ة ب س ر ب ب م ج �� �ه ة � ة � ا ب � ا �ب � ا �ه � � �ة ا ا � ة � ب �ب ب ا ا �� �ل � ا ب �م ب �ب ا ������ك ��ل�ا �ة�� ك� ���ل � �و��ل� �ل�ب���� �ب� � �ة� �مر � ة����ل ��و د ب� � � � ح� بح��ةس �ة� ���د ل�ة �ل �ل � س ر م م � � � ب ب � ة ا ة ب ة ب بر��د ا ����ه��� ���م ��� � � � او �و��ة��ة��� �ب�ا �ب�� ا �ل����ل��� ل � ح�� ة���ل�و� ا�ا�مر��� � �مر� �و�ل� �ة�� ���ا �م��ل ح�ا � ����� او �ة� ة بر ة ة م � حة ا �� �ة � �� � � � ا ب �ًا � ة � �ب ب ة � ب � بج � ب ة �� �ة�لبهة ��ة� ب� ����ل��� ا �لب�ع�م�ة � ا ع ه ع ا م � ل م �د� � � � � �� �� � د � � � � � � � ��م � � ح �� � � � � � بر ة ر و و� و ة ة� م ة �� ة� ة س ة� ب بةا ة �ع��د ر����� �ة�. ة ��ا ب ��ا ب ��� �ل � ا �� �مب � ا ح�� ا ������� �ل�ة � ا �ع ���ط �مب � ب ب ���م �ل� ب� ل رة� و �ة� � �وك�� � ����هة� � ار ��س ك�� � �� ��مة� بح� ة ب� � ���م �ب�����س �مس � � � � اب ب ا �� ب��ا ��س �ورا ��ة ة� �ب����� ل�� ب�عر�� ب� �ع بس ب��ة�ر ���م �ر�ا ة� �ل�ا ب� ةلرك� ���ب���� ���بهة��د �ل�ا بر�ل� �� ���اة�ل� ا �ل������ا � � ب ة ب ة م م ع ع � � � ب � � ح��د �مب ��� ب��ة��ة�ب���ة� �م بس ب��مة�� ح��د ���مرب� � او � ا �عب��� �ل��ل����ود� �و�ل��لب���ل�ب�ه � او ��ة� ا ��� ب���ر� � او �ل��د � � او د ا ا � � ة م م ة ع م ا � ا ب �� �� ا� � ب � � ا ���� ة �ة ب � ا � ة � ب � ا ب � �� � �ة � لس�مب� �� �ل�� ح�ل �ط ا�م�و ب � �ود� �ة�� �و م� ب ة��س��ة�� ��ة ر ���� ع��ةس �ل� ��ة ر � بول��د� ب�ة������ رةج �بوة ��ة� ا �ة� م ً ب ة � � ب � ��ا ب ا � ���د ا ا ��ة��� ��ب بد ا �ة � ��ب ب��� �� ا �� ب� ا بة ة ب ������ل�� ك�� ��� �م� ��مرب� ��م �بر�� �و رة ة� ة� و ة� ة ر ة ة ��� �ك ب� ���ة� �مس ����ل � ار ��س �ب � ب � ب ب حة � � ب �� ع��مر� ا �و ا ل��� � ل�� �ب ��ةهة�� او ����ه� �و� ع��مر��ا �ع ��ط�ا ��ة� ا �ة�ا �ه� ��� ا ��سة�� ������� . � ة م ة ة م ب م ة بً ح��د �مب ��� �و� ط�س ��� ة� �م ب �ع ب��د بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م ��ب�� ��ة�س ح ة� ا ��بل � ح�ة�را �ا�م�ا ر ب� حب�ة��� ح��د ة� � او � �رب� � او ب� ا� � س ر ة س ج م ب ب ب ة � ب �ة � � � ب ة � �و�و ب� ح�ة� �ة��ل�و� � �مر � او ب��ة� ك ���هة��� � � � ح�ا ب� ��ة� ة� �و��م ة� ا �ب�ا �ور���ة��ا ��ة� ا ��ة� ا � ���ا ر �و�ك ة� �ة� ور ة ب �� ب� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل ����� ب�ب�� ب� ة ح� ًل�� � ا ب� � ة ة ة � � ���� ب��ا ا ��ل����ل��� ب��ا ب� ا ب�� ��� ��� ب� و ب � ح� ب � �ة� ح�د � �ور��� ا �ل��م �بر�� ����هة� �و�م� ة م � ب ا� ة �ة � � � � �ب ب ا � � ب �� � �ة � ب �ب�ب�س ا ب ة � ب � � � � ا � � � � � ا � � ل ل � م � ل � � ح ���م ب � � مر� ود وب��� لك ��م بر� �ة� ا �ة� �ع��د �مرة���س حة�� ه�و � ة �م .ة��ً�د ط� ب�� � �ب ��ا ب� ا�ا��م ة��� � �ب�ا � ��ة��� ا ��� بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م ��ب�� � ا �م �ة�� � ���م ��� ا ��� ا ب� �ب �لة� ���ط�� �م ب��� ب�����د �م�ا بد ��ل��ك ا � �ل��ببس ب ر و و ة� رة س و ر ب بر ة� ر ب ����ًا � ا ب� � ة � ب � ة ةة ���م �ر�� � او � ة � �س�ة��ا � ���ة��د ا ر بر�ل� ����ا ��� �� ب���ا � ��� د ح�ة� ك���ا د ة�ل������ة�� .و�ك�ة�ً�د ا �م �ر���م� م ب � بج ة ر و ج ع ب ح ب ة � �ة ة � � � �ب�ا � ة���� ��و� ب ��� مر� .
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Chapter Eleven
The door opened onto a splendid interior courtyard. He led me to a luxu- 11.73 riously furnished room, where an old man lay upon a bed. It was the young man’s father, the village elder. I sat at his side and felt his pulse. He panted weakly, unable to catch his breath. It turned out that he was suffering from an excess of humors trapped in the stomach. “Don’t worry, you’re not in danger,” I said, consoling the old man. “You’ve got some humors acting up inside, but I’ll take care of them early tomorrow morning, and that’ll give you some relief. You’ll be out of your bed soon enough, just you wait.” I turned to his son and instructed him to have two chickens boiled overnight to make a purgative that would be ready by dawn. “No salt,” I specified, and I told him to wake me up early so that I could administer the purgative myself. Then I said good night, and returned to my companions. Now, I happened to have some special tablets with me, which my master 11.74 had acquired for his travels. He used to administer them to people, and I’d witnessed their effects. They were quite unlike other purgatives, as they were composed specifically to address the four bodily humors—namely, black bile, phlegm, yellow bile, and blood. Within two hours after swallowing a tablet, a person would be cleansed of the humors that had accumulated inside him. Relieved of his ailment, he’d return to work as usual, feeling as though he’d never taken a purgative! I experienced this firsthand, and also witnessed its effects in others, and I had ten or twelve of these tablets left over. My master had given them to me to put aside for safekeeping, then forgotten about them. After leaving the sick man, I opened up my traveling sack and took out one 11.75 of the tablets. I ground it up and put it in a paper envelope, ready for the next day. Then I went to sleep along with my companions. Early the next morning, the young man came to wake me, and I got up hurriedly, taking the envelope with the purgative in it. We went to see the sick man, who was asleep. I asked for a cup of chicken broth, stirred the purgative into it, and handed it to the old man, telling him to drink it to the very last drop. He swallowed the broth. A quarter of an hour later, he suddenly became very agitated and grew so dizzy that he seemed about to faint. I ordered that he be given a bowl of broth.
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ب ب �س�� ب � ة ب�����د ���م ��� ا�ا��م ة��� �� ب ������ ���ط��ل� ا ������ � ���� ة� �و���ا ر ة�� ة ب� ح�ة� ���ا ر ������ بر ر ب � ب � ر ب ة ع � ب ب ب � ة ة � ب � ب � ب � ة � � ا ������ � ������ �م بس د �ل��ك ا ��ل�ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ك����ل�� ����ر� � ب�ول��ل��ه �و��ة�ر �م� او د ل�ر�ة����� �ب����د �م�ا �مك��ل �ة��� ا �م �ر���م� ة �م بً � ب � ب ���ا ة�����ة ��و� ب� �و��� ����ة�ة�ة��� ح ب��ة� �مرة��� �ب����د ���م �ر�� ا�ا�مرة��� ��ط��ل ب� �ة� ��ط��ل� ���و ب� ل ا ا �ة�� بر ء �و ��ة� ر ب�� ب ع ً ح ب ة � �ة � � � ا ب �� ة ا ����ةه � �م ب �ةل�� � � ��ب ��� ة � ��ة ����� � �� ��� ب � � ة ب ���ب� ة� ا �����ا � ���ا ب� ��� مر� و م� رل� ة�� س لك ةو�ط�� ةو�طل ب ��� ح�ة� ��ب� ا �ة� ب� ع ��بل � � � � ب � ��ا ب � ة�ب �ب ة � � ب��� .ا�ا��م ا د �م ب �ل���د �م�ا �م ����ا �عة��� ب �م بس ب��مة�� �ل��ل�ك ا�ام� او د � او��ل��ط ا �ل�د ة� ك�� � م��سم ل ر سب ��س �ة� ب��و ةس ر ع � ة � ب ب ب ة �م بس ا �ل بر�م�ا � ب� ح��ل��س � او �����را � �و���ا ر �ة� ��ط��ل ب� ���لة ��و� �ة�� بس. ج � ب � �� ب � � ا � �� ة � � ا� ة �ة � ً ب ة � � � � ب � ط � � ل ط س ع � � � � � � � � ا �وا �ل� ����ور�ب� �وة �م�و� حة�ب�ً�د ا �م �ر���� �ب�ا ����� لةر�م� او ���� ل�لك ��مر� �لة��ل� مس ا لرر �وة ب � م � م ة بً ة���ل�� ً�� �م ب ا ب�ل ��� � ��بس ح�ة� ة��ة��ة��و�� � �و �لة ��و� �م بس �ب ار ������ �و��مب���� ا ���� � ح�ة�را �ود �عة��� حة� �� �م�ا را د .ا � ة ةل س ة ة ة ة ة ة م ة ة �مب� �� � ب ب� ة ا �ة ب� �ة ا ا� ب ��ة���� �م بس � � ا ������ �ه ب ب � ب � � ح ة� �ورد � ا ��ة� ا ة� ع��د ر���� ة� ����ة� ��م �رة���س ا ��ب� ر �ة� ل�م �ة���� � او �ربج س � ا�� ب ح�ة ة�ل�� ����مب� ب���ة���ل ة� ��ل�� �م�ا ��� د ا ّٰلل� ��ا ��ب ا ب� � م� ب � ب � �ة � � ح�د �م ب���ك ����ة� ب ة� ��د� � او �ربج �م��� ب �م�ل�� د را ه�م ة� ة ة� � ب ة ةب ا ب ���ل� ة ب ا ب ب ة ا ب�� ة � �ا � ا ��ل � �ا � � طع�م��� �مس را د ك � او ب�� ب���ك �ع�م��ل � ب�� ����ل ��د ر ح ب� ب �مة���ل ا �ل��د �ة� �ب���ل��� ��ة� ب��ة��ة���ك � او � � ب ا ا � ا� ب ب ا � ا � �ة ا � ب ا ل� �را � �و�ل�ا ب� ح����ا �. ���ا �ة���ك ���� ���د �ل� ح��ل ���د م� بل��د ر ك م ة � � � حة �ل�� ����م ب ا ا ا �ب ا ة� � ة ا ب � � ب � ���� � ب ة � � حة�ب�ً�د ا �ع ��ط�� �ل�اب�� ب��� ا �ل��د را �ه� ��� ة ة�� �ة� ��� �م� ب��ل� � ح�د م�� �ة� �و م� ��ة��� ا ��ة� ة م ة بة � � � ب ب� ة ا ة � ا ة � ا ا � ب ا ب � ة ح�ا ب� ح�ا ب� �ل او � ب��ا ا �ل� ���� � �ه�و� � بو�ل���د� ب� ع��د ر���� �ة� �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� �و ب� ح� ب� �ل او ��� �� ��ط�ور �و� � برع ة �ور ب ج ب ب ة � ا�� �م�����ل� ة��ا ة� � ���ة��د ا ا �ل���� ب ���� �م�����ل�وة��� �و ب� ح�� ببس �و ب� حب�� بر �و�و ب� ةس ب��ة� ب� و ر بر �����و�ه�م ��ة� ����ر� ا �ل� ك���ل و ب ا ب ب � �� � � � ب ب ب � � ب ة ة � ب ا ا ��د ���سب��ا �م ب ���ل � ��و� ا �و�ل � �ل��ة�ر ا �ب�� ������ . ا �ل ��ة� ك�� ��� ���ه�� �و ��� د �ل��ك ام �وا ل�� حة��ً�د ا �رب�� س ة ة ب � � �ا ب ا ب ���ا �ب�ل ا ���ل�ة �� ا ��ل� حب ح ب��ا �و� � � ��� ا �ل �������ة�ر ا �عب��� ا �ل�����ل�ة� �و��م��ل�و�ه� ا ب� ار ب� � � �ور مس بل���د �م� ك ا �ل� � ة� و و س ة م م �� ب ا ب ا ة ب ا �ة ب ا �� � ب� �ب ة ة ا � ب �ب �ب � ب ���ب��ا � � د �ع ب��ا بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا � � ا � ة ����ة �ب�ا � � � �سم ك � � � ل � � ر ب و ��ة���� ل�ل����ر����و� ة� ة ر ر ب وو لب����س�� ب�ر�م� ���� �و�� ة ب � �� � ب با � �� � �ب �ة � ا � � ب ب � � � � �ة � � ح ب ��ب� ا �لر� ا ��� ا ب� ب�ر ب� ا�� ح ب��ا ل ا بر ة� ة ب �ة ر� �مو ة� ��ة ر �د � �� �ل� � �ل��ة ر �ورك ب� ا �ب�� ���� �و��م �ر� س ة � ب ��ا �ب � ��م ب ة ة ��س���� �ب ا �� ب��ا ة��ا ���� ب� ب ا �ل��ل�ك ا ��ب� ح ب��و� �و�ه�و �ة�لب��� ���س ���لة�ب��ا ���ل�م�ا را �ب�ا �ب��� ة�. حة��� ك�� � ب ة ر ر ا ة � ب اة ب ب ب ب ة با � � ب � �� . �و��� ر �ة�ل��ل�� ���ةس ك� ح�� �ة�ب��ا ��ل�� ���ة�� او � او لس ب�� �� او � او �� �� طو�ل ���د ا ا �ل��لة���ل �ب �لب���ة ���س ���لة� �� � حة�ب�ً�د ا � ك � ة م ا �� � ���ب ة��م ة � ��ا �� ��ة ب ح����ة د � ا ��� �� � � ا ��� �� ���ب ا �ب�� ���ل�ة �� ا ���ل�� � �م ب ��ا ل�� ح�ا ���� � �م ب م � � � � ل � � � � ة ب و و و و ة� ب ة �ب� ب ر ة ة � م و ة� م س ب ر ب �ة� ر س
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Chapter Eleven
A moment after drinking the broth, he demanded a basin and began to 11.76 vomit, filling half of it with yellow bile, phlegm, and other odious fluids. When he finished vomiting, I ordered them to give him another bowl of broth to drink, and once he’d consumed it, he asked to be taken outside. Upon his return, I gave him another bowl of broth, and we alternated in this way—with him vomiting his guts out and me giving him broth to drink—until his insides had been purged of all those foul fluids and humors. Two hours later, he sat back, relaxed, and asked for his pipe. I asked them to add a little bit of rice to the broth and to boil some soup to 11.77 feed the old man, along with a little bit of chicken. In that way, he would regain enough strength to get out of bed and go where he pleased. I said goodbye to the old man and began to head back to see my companions. “Wait a moment, doctor,” the sick man said, pulling a pouch from beneath his pillow and extracting some coins to give me. “God forbid I accept any payment from you, as it was you who did a great favor for us,” I protested. “You accepted us into your home and fed us at your table, and your son treated us most honorably. I have no way to repay you for such kindness!” The old man gave the coins to his son to pay me, but I refused and went 11.78 back to find my companions, only to discover that our hosts were serving us breakfast and coffee! Then they brought out four boiled chickens, forty boiled eggs, some cheese, and bread, laying them out on the camp table we had with us. Suddenly, we heard the first bugle call of the pasha’s convoy. They brought our horses out of the stable, having provided each with a bag of boiled barley, and loaded them up with our bags as we pulled on our shoes and prepared to leave. The second bugle sounded. We mounted our horses and bid farewell to the young man, thanking him profusely for his generosity. Finally, the third bugle sounded as the pasha climbed onto his mount and set off, with us following behind. As we left the village, we spotted our muleteer, who was searching frantically for us like a madman. He was dumbstruck when he saw us. “Where have you been? Where did you pass the night? I’ve spent all night 11.79 looking for you!” We told him the whole story, and reassured him that his mounts had been properly cared for and given their fodder in the morning.
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� � � � ة � ب �ب � ة ا � � ب ا ا ة� ب ب ��ب ة ة ا �� � � � �ا ح��د �ة�لو�� ��� �� طوه� ا �ل���� �ل� .حة��ً�د ا �ب����م ��ط �و�� �ل ��� �ة� ر��� �� � ا� س� �و�ل� ك��� ا �� ��ة� �� � ا �ع �� � طو�ل ة ة م م م ة � � �� ب ا �� ب ة � � ا ب � ة � ب ����� � ح ة� ا�ام���ر �و�م بس د ��ل��ك ا �ل�و�كة ة� �ة��ل ة� �لرب���ة��ا ��ة� �ب�ا ب� ك���ل �مس ���� � �� �� �ع��ة� ��مو�ل� او �ل�� �ب� ��ة� ةة� � � ة �ب م � ا ب ا � ب � ب � ب � ب � � ة ب ة ا ب ب � � حب��ر�ة� �ة� ا �ل�ر��س �ب� �ة� � � ح��ة�� ح�� � �ل����� ����ل ���ر� �ل� �ب� �ل��ر �و�مس د �ل�ك ا �ة ��و� ��ط��ل� � ح�� �� ة م ة م ة ع ةم ب ب � ب � �� ا ��� ب ا ة � ا � ب � ح�ة ا � �� ح��م��� �وك�� ة� ا ���� ����� �و�����ا ة� �و��� ر ���ة�ر �مس ب��م� ��� ا �ب�� ����� �ة��د �ع�و�ة� ة� م م بة ا� � ط��س ة � ا � ا ب ا ة � ب ب �ة با ���� �م بس �ع ب��د �ة� � � او �وة��ا ة� ا �ع �� ة� ح ب� �م ���ة� .ا��م ار د ��م �ر� � ب ح��� ا �ب�� ���� ب�ل��� �ة�� ا �ل��ر �مس ب���ل م ة ب ب ا ة ��ا ب ة ا ب � ب � ��� ب�ل �� �ب � � � ح�ة� ا � � � � � � ��م� �ع��� � �� � ا �� ك � � � د �س�ة�ة�� ��ة� �ةس�م��� . م � � � � � وك �لو ة � و ة� وة لر �وة� و ة وة� ة م م بب � ا�ا��م ا د � �ا ب �� ب�ا � �ا �ب ل ب � ح�ة� �و����ل ب��ا ا ���ة� ا � �� �� �����هر �و��هة� �م�دة�� ب��� ر��ة�ر� ا �ل�ا ا �ب����ا ��� �مر� �س� ة ر م ر � م��� رةس ة � ب �ب � ب ا � ���ع ب �ب �ة ب � � � ب � � ���رل ��ة ��� بس ��ب��رل ��ة ���س ك� ل��ا ة�ب��� ح�� ا �عب��� �م�ا ء ب�� �ود ا ب� حس �ة� ا �ل��� �ة� �و �مرلس م�و� د �ل�ك ا �ل ب�س� � ل � ب ���ل ح�� � و ع ا ��� ة ة� � ة ة ة ة � ب � ا �ه ب ا ب���ل ا � � ��ل ب ا �ب ب ا �� ح��ل� ا �ب�ة������ةس ا� ب � حة��ا �م�� ا �ب��ا �����ا ل ا � � � � � � � م م � � ك بر ة� ��� � � و ��م� �م �وك���ل ا ����ل ا�م�دة����� ب��ة��د � و و ب ب � � � ح ب �ب� ة �ة �س�ة� �� �ه ب��ا ك ���ل�� ����ة ا ��ا � ب��ا ��ل��ة بر�م ب��ا � حب��ر �ب�ا �ب�� �ب�ة��� ة � ا�ام�دة�� ب��� � �� � ���ل�� �� ا �مة��ا �ل �و ��ط��ل� ب� ح� �س��ة�� ة ة س م م م ب ا ا ب �ع ا � ا ب ا ة� ب ا م ب � �ب ة ة �ب ا ا� ب � � � � � � � ا ا � �� � � � � � � � � �� �م �ر�� � ب�و��� ب��ا �ه ب��ا ك. � � � � � � � ح م � �� � � � �� � �سم لر و� � � �ة� �م�دة���� ا ة� ةس ة ر ب ة� ة ة ة ة ب ب ة �ة �ب ج ب ا �ب ا � �م����س � ب ب � ب ة حر ر� ر بح��ل ة��� ك ���ا � �ب�ا ر�ل ��ة� �ل��ل�ك ا � �لهة�� �م �رة�� �و�ه�و �م بس �م�دة�� ب��� ا �ة ��و� �ر�ة� ة �ب ب ة ب � ح�� ة�ة � �� � ا � ا � ا �� ب� �ة ا � �ع ب ب ا ا ا ب � � � � � ك ا ا � � ع ا ج � � � � � � �د �د ح � � � � � � � � ح��� ��� ���� ح � � ل � � � � � � ة� و رو ة� م ة� ر و ر ة ل ر ة� �ة� ب ب و ب ة� ة م �ّ ا ب � ا ة ح��د� �و��ه� ك� ع�ب��� ا �ل� او � ���ا ب�� ة� � ��ة�ر� ح�� �و �ب�م��ل�ل ���ل� ة���ا ب��ة��ا ب� ���� �و��� ر ة�� ��و�����ل ا �ة� �ب� �ة� �ة ة ب �� � ا ة� ة ب ح�ب�س � ة � � ة ب� �� ا ك �ح��ل�� � � ح ب �ة��ل�ب�� ���لة��� � او ب�ر ب� ح ة� �م بس �ع ب��د �ة� � ب � �ور ا � �ل� ���ر� ا �ل ��ة� �مر د ل�ر��� �و�� ���ر� ��ة� س ة ا�� � ة �ة � � ب ً � � ب � ة �لة � � ة �ب � �ح ���ا ا ��� ���ا ��ل �� �ة �لو� ب�ر ب� ح ب��ا �م بس ا�ام�دة�� ب��� � � � ة ع��� �و�� ��ل� ة��ب ���هة� ة ب��ة� ع��د ة� �ب� لر �ة� ا ���ر�ل� ا ة�� ة م � ب ب ا �� � ا ب �ب � ��ا ب � �ة ة � � ��ا ب � � � � � ب ب ا ا ب ب ا ��ة���� ا �ة� ا �ل�ر��س �ة� ا �لب��ر��� �وك�� � ا �ل�وك� � �� �و�م� ح� ا �ل��� �مر �ل�� ك�� � ���ل�وم ع��د �� �ب� � ة م �ا �ب � ا � ا ا ب �ب � ة ب ا ب ة ا �ة ة ب �ا ب ة �ة ب ا ب ة ا �� �ة� �ة �لو�م ا �ب�� ���ح� �ب�ة������ �ر ب��ل���� ا �� �ور����� �ة� �ر��ة ب� �مس ا �ل�ر���ة� � او ��س���م�� �������� �مر �ب�ب � ب � �� �ر. ح ���ر ��ة� �ب�ا �ة� �ب ل � ب ا ة �ا�ا ب ب اب ب ���ل�ب� ا ��ل�� بد �� �ه� � ب �وة���ل ة� ا ��� رب� ��ة ا ��ل ح��ا بل بس ا �ل بر�ع�ب�� �ب�ا � ب��مة�� ع ب��م� ��� ا �ب�� ���� �عر�م�و��ة� �ب� ��ة� و ة � ة ة� ة�ة� ة ب �� � � ا ��� ب ب � ب � � ب ل ا ا ا ا � �� � او ب� ا �ة ب�ل ��ة ��ا ب� ا ���� ���� ة���م �� �ة ��� �ل� �� د ا �ع�م�� � او �� �م� �ل�� �� �م ا � �� � ح�م�� ا �ل� ��ة� رس ب ب و ح��ة ل �ب بر س م ب ة ٰ � ب ب �ة � �ب ا ا ل ب � ا ب� �ب ب � � �� �ة ة ّ � � � ا ب ا �ب ب ح ب ��� ���د ا ا �� ك� ل �لة���ل � ب� ���ل� �م � او �ل� راة���� �����ةس ح� ب ��ة� �ل� ح� د �ل�ك ا ل�وك� ا لل� ب��ة��د برك �و س ة
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Chapter Eleven
“If only you’d taken me with you!” he said cheerfully. “Then I wouldn’t have had to suffer all night in the rain!” I told my companions that, from that moment on, they were to inform anyone who asked about me that I was a doctor. In that way, the rest of our journey would pass most gloriously! And sure enough, the news began to spread after that day, and many of the pasha’s men started calling upon me to treat them. I’d prescribe remedies and sometimes give them some of my purgative tablets. Soon enough, we were traveling with the pasha’s entourage, basking in the glow of their esteem. They sought out my company and treated me very generously, and invited me to stay in their tents. The convoy arrived in Eskişehir, a small yet prosperous city. It contained 11.80 a qablūjah, one of those springs that spouted intensely hot sulfurous water. A sort of bathhouse was built around it, where the city’s inhabitants would bathe. The pasha pitched his tents about three miles outside the city, and word spread that he would remain encamped there three days. We were forced to wait in town until the pasha’s convoy set off again, so we rented a room in a caravansary and spent the night there. Staying in the same caravansary was a Christian man from Afyonkarahisar, 11.81 who came by to visit us. When he asked my companions about me and they told him that I was a doctor, he came over to show me one of his eyes. It was festering and covered with a white film, and he begged me to treat it with collyrium. My heart went out to the man, and I took out the little pot of ointment I mentioned earlier. I put a few drops in his eye and told him to come back in the morning so I could give him another dose. On the third day, we left the city and went out to the camp, arriving in the afternoon. My companions and I knew that the pasha was to travel the next day, so we sat near the camp, chatting and passing the time. Suddenly, something occurred to me. “The pasha’s men all think I’m a doctor,” I said to my Aleppan friend, Ḥannā 11.82 ibn al-Zughbī. “What do I do if the pasha gets ill? I know only a little about medicine!” “Don’t worry,” he said. “God will guide you when the time comes.” While we were in the midst of this conversation, two of the pasha’s attendants suddenly appeared, asking for the doctor. Someone pointed in our direction. They strode over to us. “Which of you is the doctor?” they asked.
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�م ب � ب � �� ب��د �� �ل �ه� ���ل�ب��ا ب���ل�م�ا � ����ل� ا ��ل�ه ب��د �ب�ا ح��د ر���ة ا ��ب��ا �����ا �ب�������ا �� �ل او �ل�� ب�� ا �ب �لب��ا ر اةل ب �ه�و ا ��ل � س پ� و و س ح��ةم و م ة ة ب س �و� ة � � � ب � ة ب ب ة � � ة � � ا �ل ���ا � ح��ة�� ������لة���ل�� ا �ب�ا �ه�و ������ ��مو� ك�ل��� �ر� ك� � ����ا �ل� �وب�ا �م بس �مب� �� حة��ا ����ة� ا �ب��ا ������. ة� م م م ب ب ب ة مة � م ة حب � �م ب ���� ة حب ���ا ب� ا ����ا �����ا �ا�م�ا را ء ��ا �ب�� �م ��ب�� �و��� بس � � � � � � � � � ك � � � ��� � � �م و �� ��� �و��لب��ة� �ب�ة�ر ب ب و ة ب رة س س � ا ب � ب � ا� ب ا ة � د ب� ب ة ب ة ب � �ة ��س���� �ه�و �و� ةر��م�� � او �مر �ب� � ة�م� � ح��ل ��ة� ب��ة��� ا ��� ا ���ة �� او ا �ة� ا�م�دة����� �ة� � �ل او �ل�� ب ب� ارج ح�ة� ب ب � ب ب ح�ا ب� �لو� �ب�ا ب� �م�و ب� �� �ةم�و�ة� ����ل��� ب���ة��ا ��ل ا �ة�لو��� �ب�� �ة�� �بر� ح�� �ود ���ه ب��ا ��ة� ا �ل�ار ب���� � ���د� ب��ا ب� �ة�ل� � � � ة ب ة م ة م ب ��ا ب ا ��ل����� ب���ل ا � � ��ل ة ا �� بد �� � ا ����د ا ا ���� بد � ة ا ��� ب ب� � ا �� ا �� ا ا �� ة � ا �ة��ب � � � � � ل � � � �� ر ة� و � �و���د ا ك�� � ب ب� �م� و � � ة� ل�ك ل ر ة� س ة ب ب � � ب ��ا ب ح��ل ا ب� � حة��ا ����ة� ���ل�م�ا ا �مة�ة���ل ة� ا �م�ا �م�� �ة�� ا �ل����ل���م�� ا د ب� ��ة� ا �ب��ا ب� ر ب� حة�ة��ا ر �و�ه�و �ر� ك�� ح��ل ة� م �ب ة ب � �ة ة ب �ا � �ب �مر� ا � ب�� ةد�� ب��ا �ل��ب�� �م �ر�ب��س �و�م�ا �ل�� ��ة ���. ح�ة� � ���مر�� �����ح� ���هة� ة ة � � � � ا �ب ا � ة � � � � ب �ب �س��د � �ة� ا �ل ة ة � اب ا � �� �� ب� ا �ة� � ح�م� �ل� ة� ر����ل�� �� �مرك ح��ل ب� حة��ً�د ا �ع��د ر� �ل�� �ب� � �م� ����هة� � و ع ح�ا ل ب�� ��ا ����ة�� ب��ا �م�ا �ه� �م ��ب�� ا ب��م�ا ب � � با ب ا ا ب ة �ب �� � ة � ة ة ب � � او �� ���� �ر� �ة� ا ����ر�ة�ل� ح�ة� ا � �ل�ربج ���ة� ���د � ا �ب��ل� د �� ب� ب ة� ب و رة س ة ب � � � ب�� � ����� �ة ا ب�� ا � ب� � ة ح�� ��ب ا ��ل��ل��� � ��ب ب� � � ب � �� ح�م� �� ر س �و ه�و ة ل� ب�� ر د ���ا �و�ه�و �عر��ا � ح��ل �ل�� �لهب���ل�و ب� ة� ة ل و ة� رو ب ح�� �م � ج � ب � ب ا � � ب� � ب � ح�� �و��� بس � �� ب�� � �و�ل �ب�د ب� �ة��� ةر� �ب�ا رد �����ا ر �ل�� �ور� ��ة� �و ب� ح��ل ة� ������ �ل�ه ب��د ح بس � او �مر�ة� �ب� �ل�د � م � ا � ا ج ب ة ب ا ب � ب � �ب ���ل�� ة ����� � �وب����ب� ا �م�ا �م�� �و ب� �� ���� ر ب� ح���ة�� ة� ا �ب�� ���� �و�ه�و ��ة� ب��ة��� � �و� ة��م ��ة� ا � �ل� ار ��س ب � ة� � ب ا �ة ا � � ب�������ل�� �ب ا ��ة��� ��ب� ب��� ���ة ا �ل��� بس � ���ا �ب�� ��ب� ��م�� �ع �ة��سم�� �و �و ب� � �وب�� ك� ح��� �م�ور� �و� � � ح� ���� �ب� �ل�و�ةل��ل �و�ه�و رة ة ة ة م � ب �ب �م����ل ا ����ور. ب��ة�� ب�� ج ��ا ب � ا ب �م ب � ة با ب ب � ا ب ب � � حة�ب�ً�د ة���ل ة� ا ��� �ر� ك� م��ا ة������ �ب�ا � ك�� � �ل�ر ��� � �� �و�� د �� بس �ورد �� ب� � ح�ابل ��ة� �ب�ا � ا �ل�� ة ة ة ة �� ا� ب � � ب ا ب ب � � ب �ب � ا �� � ا � ا � ب ب � ل � � ل س ح��ل ا �ة� ا�م�دة���� ة بحة� ب� ��� مس ���د ا ا �ل�د ��س � �م� �م� ا �ب�� ���� �ب� �ة� � لبر�����ل ر ب� برة��د د ��س �ورد ع ب ب �ب ا ب ة ة ب ا �� � م��ا ة����� ��ا �ب�� ة��مب��� ا ���� �ع ب��د ا ��بل � ب �بر�ا د ا ر � �وة� � ح��د � ب�ة�� ب��� د �� بس �ورد �رب��� ا �ل��د �ة� �� �مر ا �ة� �ر� ك� ة� ب ة� ة ة ب �ب ح��د� �مب � �� �ب ب�� �و�� ب ا �ة�ب��ة��� ب �ة�ب�س ح��د � حة� ب� � او � ���ا � ا ر�����ل�� �� بس � او � ��� . ك � ح��ةم رب ة� س ةس م ب ب ب ة � ة ب ب ة ب �ة ح�ة ����� ب ��� ��� ا ب � ���ل�م�ا � ةس �ب�ا ��ة� �و ب� �مر� � ب�ة�� ب��� ا �ل��د �� بس ا ��ة ل حب� ���� ة� ��ر� ��ة� ا ��ة� ا �ع � ��� ا ب� ار ء ة� ة ب � � ب ب � ��� �ب ب ة � ب ب� ة ا ة ة ا � ة ب ا � ب ا ا� ب�� ب ا ا ب ا ب ��ور� ا �� �وح�� ا�م�د �ل�ور �� ب� ��� ا �ل�د ��س ��ة ر ��ة� �م� ��ة��� ا �ة� �ع��د ر���� �ة� � �و� � � ح� بل ��ة� �م� ��ة� ع ب � � بة � � � ا � ب � ا�ب � �ب � ا �� � � ب ا� �ب��� ط�� ة� �����ة � ���ا � ����ه� �م بس د �ل��ك ا�ا�مر�ه� ���� ��ل ح��� بس �م بس �مر�ه� ا ب�ل� د ب �لو� �ل� � ب��ة����س ل�ور �وك م م م ة
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Chapter Eleven
“I am,” I said. “The steward of the pasha’s harem would like to speak with you,” one replied. “Come with us.” Heart pounding, I stood up and went with the two men. It seemed that 11.83 when the pasha had become feverish, he’d left his camp and moved, along with his harem, into the house of the village chief. He had ordered the two men to go into the city and find a surgeon to bleed him. “But sire, we have a very skilled Frankish doctor with us in the convoy,” they replied. “Bring him to me!” he said. And that was how I ended up standing before the house where the pasha was staying. There was an old man at the door. It was the steward of the pasha’s harem. “Greetings,” he said when I presented myself to him. “Please come in, and have a look at His Excellency the effendi, who is ill and feeling indisposed.” I told the steward I was sorry, but I didn’t have my doctor’s kit as I had sent 11.84 it ahead to Aleppo by ship while I traveled by land to see the sights. “Our pasha isn’t really ill; he’s just under the weather,” the steward explained. “Yesterday evening, he went to take a bath at the hot springs. When he came outside, covered in sweat, he caught a draft. As a result, his face became swollen and he developed a fever.” The steward ushered me inside. I found the pasha in a room, asleep in bed. I crouched down beside him and felt his wrist. He was very hot, apparently in the throes of a high fever. He looked terrible: His face was swollen and he was snorting like a bull. “I need a little rose oil,” I said to the harem steward.
11.85
“I’ll send someone to the city to bring some right away,” he replied. When the pasha heard my request for rose oil, he ordered the harem steward to go find the quartermaster and ask him for a vial of Frankish rose oil, which the pasha had received from a Frankish doctor. “There are two vials in all,” the pasha said. “Bring one.” Soon enough, the steward returned with the vial of oil, and I had the idea of 11.86 adding some other ingredients, just to make it seem like I’d done something to the oil. I went to find my companions and consulted with Ḥannā. “The best thing for treating swelling is jādhbūn ointment,” he assured me.53
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
�م ب � � � ة � ب � ا � ا ة � ة � � ب � � � ا ب � ب ب� ا ب� ب ب ة ب حة���ا ر ا �ة�ة��ب�� �ب�� ط�س �� ور ب ���� ا �ة� �ع��د ا �ب�� ���� �و��ل� �ل�د �ل�ك ا �ل�� ة حس �� ��س ���ر�ع� �مس ة� ة � ب ة ة� ب � � ط�� ة ا�ا��م �ه� � ة د ��ل��ك ا �ل��د �� بس �و��مة��� ��� ا � ب��ا ر � او � �لة�ة� ة� د ا � �. ح�ة� د ا ب�� ة� �م�ة�ل�� ح��ل�� �ل��ل�ك �� ��ل � ر � ة ج ةم ة ��م�ة � �م ة ا د �� ب ب �ب ��� ة� ا �� ا ����ا �����ا ��� ك� ح��د � د� � د � ب ح ة� د ة� ب��� �م ب � � � � � � � � س و و و حة��ً�د د كة� ر س ب س �ة� ر ب ة� و ر ب� � د �ل��ك ا �ل��د �� بس. � � �ة ب ة �اب حة���ا ر ��ا �ب�� ة���م ���� �م ب��د �ةل��ل�� ب ب�ب����د �م�ا د � ب��ة��� ب��ل ���� ��ة� �م ب��دة�ل��ل ا �ل� او � ح� ح��د � او �و��ة��� ا �ل�� ة ب ةس ة� ة ب �ّ � � ة ح��� ب��� � �ب��� ة ا �� �� � ا�� ب م ب�ب � او ��ل�ا ب�ر ر�� ���� ة� ب�ة��� ب� � � � � ���د� ��ا �ة��� ة� ا �ة� ا �ب��ا ����ا �و����� �ب�ا � ر ور ب � ة ب ة� ة � � � ب ا �ب ا � ة � � ا ب � � � ��� � �� ���ا ب� ����ه � �� ب� را �����ك �وك� ح ����ة�� ������ � � ل � را ���� ب��ة ��و ب���� � برة� د� � بحب��� ا �ل�� بل�� ة ���ك �ة� ب��ة ة� � � � � � ب � � ب ب ة � ��� �مب ا �ل ب ة ���س ك� �� ا � �� �م �مر�ب�ا �ب����� �ل�و ب� ���ل ا �ة��ا �����و� �م بس �م� ��ا �ل ا �� ��ط�� �ل� ة� � او �ة�ة�� ة� �م بس �ل��ل�ك ع ل ار س �و ب بر ��ة� � ب ���هة ا ب �� ب � ا � ا �� ب ة ا ب ب �� � ا ��ل حة�ة��ا ر �ب�ا ب� ة ب� ���ا �و�ة��ل ة� ��ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� ��� ��ة� �ل�� ا �ب�� ���� �وك���ل�ه��� �ب� ��� ة����� � ح���ة������� �و �و� � حة ب� �� او ب � ب ة � ا � ا ب��بس ا ب �ة ب ب ب ب �ة ا � ��ل �ه�و� � او �ة�لو� ب�لب����لة ��و� �ة��ة بس �و ��ة� ب� ح� ح��ل�و��س ���لة ��و� �ه�و� �ب����د �م� ��مرب� ا � �ل � �مر� ا �ب�� ���� ب�� � � � ب � ح�ب��د ة����ل ة� اة �� را ����� � او �ب�ب����م ���ط� . ����� � او �و��ة�� ة� ا ��� �ر� ك� ا �ة���ة بس ا �����ةرا � �و ب� � � م��ا ة�����ة� �ب�ا � ب ة ً ة �ج ًع � ب ة �� ب ب ة ا �ة ب ب ة ة � ة ا ا � � ��ل�ا �ة� ��ل � � ح � � � � � ط�ع�م�و� ����ة� ا �ب��د ا �ة� ا ب �ة� ا ��مر� ��لة�� �و م� ��ة��� ا �ة� ع��د ر���� �ة� �و�م� � � �����د ا ر � � ح��د ���د � ح ة� �� �لة��ا ���� ا �ل�ا ب� عم ب�� ب���ل�م�ا ر� ����ا ��� � او �ل�ا ا ر�����ل � او � حة�ة��ا ر. ة ة ة ة �� ب ة ����ة ب ا � ا �ب� ���ل � ب � � ة ��ة��ب� ب��ة��ة��و��ل �ب�ا ب� ط�ع�م�� ����� � م حب�ة��� ا ا � � � �و���� �ب�ا � ا �ب��ا �����ا ��ط��ل ب� ا ك���ل و ��� و ة �ة� ب� �ل� ة ة � ب ةة � ط�ع � ا � � ا حب �� � �� � � � ��ل�س �ب � � ا � ا ب ��د ب ح��ل ب� ���مر�ب� ���لة��� �و�ل���ود ا �ة��ل�ك ا ب� ك� � ��ا � ب����� ��ل �م� � � � � �ل� � م �� ل �� � ل � � � ورب وة و و ب �مر ب م ب � ب � �ب � ا � ا ا �ب ا ا ب� �ب �م ب ة��� � ة ب ح��ل ة� �و ب� ب��د ب� �و� �ل� ���� ح� س ب �ل. حة�ب�ً�د ���ل ة� ح���ة�� ة� ��م��ط�� � ار��ة ة� �ع ب��د� ���س� ة � ً� � �� ب �� ا � ا ا ���ل �م�ا د ا � �ع ب��د ك ��� بس � ��ل��ك ��ب� ا ��ل�ا ك�� �س��د �ة� �م�ا �ب �لة��د ر ا ��س�م � �و�� ا ��ب��ر ��لة��ل� ا ��ة� �ل�لب�� ���� �ة� � ة ة م ج � � � � ��� �� �� ب ح�ب��د ��ة��ا ح�� ب �م�ا ة��مب��� ا �ل��� بس � ��ور��ا �ل�ا ب��ة�ر ب��ا �مة�ة���ل �� ك� � ك ���ل���م�ة� �و��ب��ر �ب�ل�� ا ك���ل� � � �و��� .ة ً ب ل ة� �ةس ب � � ب ة � ��ة�� ة� �م بس �ع ب��د� ا ��� �ع ب��د رب���ة��ا �� �وك� ���ا �ب�ل او �هة �� او � ب��ا ا �ل�� �����ا �ة��� ����ة�� ب��ا �و ���مر�� ب��ا ا � �لة��ه�و� � او �ب�ا �م ب� ة ة ب � ا ب�ة ا � ب ب ب� ا ا �� ا �� � � ا � �� � � ة � ب �� ب ب �ب وك ح�ة� �ة�ا ك����ل ��ا ر�����ل ا �ل�ح�ة�� ر � او ح� ���ا � ��ا ة� ا�ام��رب� ب�� ب�� ��� و��� ر ة��ط�ل ب� �مر��ة� ع ح��ل ة� ا ��� �ع ب��د� �ب ا ��ة��� ��م ا ��� �ع ب��د� �وة��� ��ا ب� ا ��ب��ا �����ا �م�ا ��� د �ة���ب��ر ���ر���د ��ا ك�� ���ل ب��د ب� ح� ��ور بة ة ة �ة� ب ة ة رة � ب ب � ب � � ة ة ب ا �ا ب � � � ب � ب ة ة ة ة ا � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ل������ ل��و �م او ��لة�� �ة� ا ح� ��� ر ا �ل� ك��ل ب� رك� ���� رب ��ة� �و بح���ة��� �م��ط� ار��ة� �ل� ة م� �ع ب��� ا �ل��� بس � �وب��. ��
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Chapter Eleven
I happened to have some, so I broke off a little piece and returned to the pasha. I ordered the harem steward to bring me a copper plate, emptied part of the vial of rose oil into it, and placed it over a flame. I dropped the piece of ointment in and let it melt entirely. Then, resting the pasha’s head on my knee, I began to spread the salve all over his cheeks, chin, and neck. “Warm up two muslin cloths for me,” I ordered the old man, and after I fin- 11.87 ished anointing the pasha with the oil, I wrapped one around his head like a scarf and tied the other around his forehead. Then I propped his head up on a pillow. The pasha turned to me and complained that he had a terrible headache. “Let me bring you something to relieve it,” I said. I happened to have in my possession a certain herb from Egypt, similar to anise, which was a tried and true remedy against headaches. I dashed off to get it, put it in the pasha’s palm, and urged him to swallow it. Then I asked the old man to bring His Excellency the pasha a cup of coffee. He drank it down, and they brought him his pipe, which he smoked until his headache dissipated and he sat back, relaxed and happy. I kissed the skirt of the pasha’s robe and instructed the harem steward not to feed him a single morsel until I came back to check on him. Then I went to find my companions. Barely an hour had passed when someone came to fetch me again. The harem steward was waiting for me when I arrived. “The pasha wants to eat!” he said. “But you told me not to feed him any- 11.88 thing. What am I supposed to do?” “Prepare some soup for him, with a lemon on the side,” I instructed. “I’ll go check on him now, and come back and tell you if you can feed him or not.” I went in to see the pasha and took his pulse. He still had a fever, but it had subsided somewhat. “Sire, I can’t permit you to eat anything as long as you still have a fever,” I explained. “Wait a little longer, if you will, until it subsides completely. Then you may have some soup, but nothing else.” The pasha accepted my recommendation to refrain from eating, and I rejoined my companions. In the meantime, they had prepared dinner, so we dined together and drank some coffee. The sun had set by then, and the pasha was hungry and demanded some food. The old man summoned me again and told me that the pasha couldn’t wait any longer, and felt he had to eat. I went in to see him, and found him irritated about the delay in bringing him some food. I knelt down before him and felt his pulse again. The fever was gone.
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� � ا ��ل ب �ة �ب ب ��ل ا � � ب ة� ة � � ب ب �� ح�ا � �ل ا � ب ة حة���ا ر ��ا ب� ة� م �و� ��م� ا حب� ���ور�ب� �وة�س � �مر� او ا �ل � ح ��� ��ة����ة� ب���ة�ر �� �ل ب� ب و پ حة��ً�د ��ل� �ل�ل�� ة ب ة ة ب ح�ب��د � ب� ة ب ا ة � � ا ��ل��ل ب ��� �ة � ح�ا ب� �و� ط�س � ح�ا ب� ح بس ��ة��ب��� �ة��� د ب� ���� ��� د � ح��� .ة ً و ����� �مس �م� �ل�لك ة�سم� �و�� ��ة� �لة���ل ة �ورب ب ج �� ب ة � � � � ا � ة ا �ب ب �ب ��ل � � ��� ا ��ل � ��� ر��ا �وك� ����ل�بهة��� ��ا �ب�� ��ا ك�� ���ور�� ح�� �م� �����ل �� ا پ� ���ل ب��ا ك���ل �مس �ل�لك ا �ل ح ب��ة� ����ة� �و ��ط��ل ب� � � و ة ب ب ب ة �ة� ة � ً ب ب � ب � � ب ب ة ب ة � ة � � � ح�� � �س��د �ة� ب��ا �� ���لة���ك �ة��ل� لر ب� ح�� �ة�ا ك���ل���ا ������لة���ل�� �م���ل� �ة�ا � ح�ا ب� � �ل�� ا �ل��د ب� �ب�ا � � �ل���� ب� �� ا �ة���ك ة ة ع �� ب� �ة �� ا ��ل��� ب�س بجب ا ة � �ة �� �� ح�ب �م ب ا �� � � ا � ة ط�� ة �ب ا ��ة��� �م ���سة�ة ������ ��ل�ل�� � � � � � � � ك � ل �� ل � د � ل ح � � ح�� �و��د �م ة� � � � ب � � �و�� �� �م����ل � �ل ��و�ة� س رة س ب ب � ةر ل ج � � ��ا �ب � ���� � ا ب ب ���� � ح�ة ��ا ك� � ح�����. � �ا �ة��ب� ة ا � � � �� ل ة� ة ل �ل� ��ة ر � � ة� برم كة ة � ة � �ب �� ة � ب �� ب �� � ا ��ل ب ة � � ب ��� � ح�ك�� � ا � �ل�رب� ب��ة��د ا ر� او ا�ا�م �رة���س .ا�ا�م ار د ب�ل���د �م�ا ا ك���ل د ل�ك ب �و���ل�� ا ر��ة� �ة�� �م ج ب �ج ب� � ا � ا � � ب��بس ا ب ة ة ب ب ة ب ة ح����ل� او ا �ة� د �ة� �و ب� �ه�و� � بو�ل���د� ا � �لو� ب�ل����لة ��و� �ة�� بس � ار ء �ب�ا �ب�� ا �����راج� �ورا �ل ة� �� � � � ح� ب� �لو�ل� ب � � ٰ ٰ ب �� � �بة ��� ا � ا ّ ة ا � � �ب �ع ب��� ا �ل��� بس ���د ا ���ا ر ب�ل�ه ب��ا ���ة ا ّلل� �ةل���ا ��� ��ل�� ا�بم � � � ���د �م�ا �ه�و بم�ر�� ل � � و ���بس �ب� ����� �م ا لل� �ل��� �ة� و ة ة ة ب ً ب ب ة �ب� ة ا� ب ب �ب ح�� ا ����ا �����ا ا ب ب �ود� ا �ل��د �ة� د لبر ��ة� ��ة� ����ل �م��ة��ب��� .ا � ��� �و ك ح�ة�را ����� �و ب�� ��ة�� ا�م�� دة�ل��ل �عس �و ب� ب � � � ب حب� � �و �لة�ه �م ب��� ����� ة���ل��� �ب د��ة ة� ��� بس � ح��ل�ة��� �ب ار��ة ة� ا � �لور� ب� � ح��د �ود� �و� حب� ة� ا �ل��د �ه�و� � او د � ب�� ة� ب� ة ةل ر ب ة� م � ة ا� ب ا ����ا ب �ة � ة ة�� � � ة ب ب ب � ة � ب �� �ا � ب ب � ح � � � � � � � م�� �ة� .حة��ً�د �ور�ب� ���� ا�م�� دة�ل��ل �مك� ك� � �ل او �و ب��ل� ا ���� �و�ط�لب�� م�� ا د � �ة� ا م���ة� ا �ة� ك ب �� ة���� � �مر�ة ا ��ب��ا �����ا �ب��ةر���د ا ��ب� ا ����ا �بر ب��د ا ب��ا ب� حب�ة��� �ة�ا � حب� �س��د �ة� �م بس �ب�ا ل�ر ب ب��� ب� ���مر�� ���لة���ك ة ة ة ة� ة �ا ب � ة ا �ب ا � � ا � ب ة � ب � ب � ة � ب � � م � � � � � ا � ع ا م � � م ��ة��� س ��د� ة� ���. � �وب�ل لك ك� � ب������� ر �ل� و � م بة ة � ب ب � ح��ل ة� ا ���ة� �ع ب��د �ر� ��ة�� ة� �ود ب� ���ل�م�ا ���ا ر �و�ك ة� ا �ل����ل��� ا ر�����ل د ��� ��ة� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د� ��م ب� م م ب ��ا �ب �� �ب ة ا � ا � � ب ا ا ل ب ا ب �� ��ب � ب ح�ب � ا ة � م ا �ة ب � ل � س � � م � � � � ل � � ا � � � � � � � � �د � � � � � م . � � � � � 1 � � �� ح � � � � ب ب �ة� ب � ة ة ة و م ة� ة ً رة� ك��ة ح����ة� �و���� ���� �عس �ة��ة�� ب ج ط�س � ا �� ب � ��ل ������ ا ��� �ع ب��د ا ����ا �����ا �ب��ل�م�ا د ب� � ب ا ب ة ح�ا ��ل�� �ب��� ���م ب� �ة��ة ب �و�ه�و �ب�� ���ة ا �ل���ا ب�ة��� ة� ب �ب� �ل�د ��و ح�ل�� � ارة����� ب� س ة ر س ح�ب��د ����ا ��ل ب�� ا ����ا �����ا � ة��� ���� ���ة ���د ا ��ب ا ����ا �ب ب��ا ب� ة ا ا ة ا ب ��� � ة �س��د �ة� و �ة� ل ب رة ة� ة� ب حب���� �ة� � ة �و�م� �ب �ل�� �ة��� ��ة� ا �لب����� .ة ً ر �ب � ب � ة �ب ا ب ا ا �ب ة ا � ة � ا �ب � � �م ب � ا ة �ا �����ل � ب��ا �ة��ك �����ة�ر �ة��ل�و� �ل�ا �ة� ب ب� � ��لة��ك س ر ر� ا �ل��مرا �مرك �و� ل ���س د ���� ر� ب � � � � ا ��لة�س � ب� ة �م�� ة ��ا ب � � ا �ل ����سم�� �ة��ل�� بل �ر��د ��لة��ك �لة���ل ����� ةل� ح����� �ب�ا ب� لةر�����ل �ة�ب��ب��� � �ك ������ ة� � او �مر ا ��ة� �ر� ك�� � ة س ة � ة م ة اب �ا ب ا ��ج ا ب ب ا ��� ا ���� ب ا ��� ا ب ب ب ة � � � � � � � ل ا � ه � ع ع م� � � � � � �د � � � م � � � � �� ك � ��� ةس و ر ب � ��� � ة �و � ب ة س �ل � ب �مر�و ب��ة� �ب� ��ة� �ب� � ة���� ب �ة� � �ة ا ا � �� �ب �ب � � �ه �� � �ة ا ��ل����ب ة��د �مو ول ل��ة ر و �ة� ��ل م� �ر. أ ���ف�ه�ص ت ��. 1ال��ص�ل � :ت
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Chapter Eleven
“Bring the soup and lemon,” I said to the old man.
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Immediately, a large porcelain bowl of chicken soup appeared, along with a porcelain platter with a chicken. I squeezed a few drops of lemon into the soup and invited the pasha to eat. He finished the entire bowl, then asked for the chicken to be sliced so he could eat it. “Easy there, my lord,” I said. “We don’t want the fever to return, now do we?” The pasha consented, but I could see that he was still ravenous. So I cut off a wing from the chicken and presented it to him as a lone concession. He turned to his harem steward. “See how these Frankish doctors take care of the sick?” he remarked.
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After he finished eating the wing, they washed his hands and brought him a cup of coffee and his pipe. He declared that he was feeling better and that his fever had broken. This was all thanks to Divine Providence—may God be praised! It had nothing to do with my own knowledge but rather with the inspiration I received from God, who in His goodness guided me through this crisis. I untied the muslin cloths enveloping the pasha’s face and saw that the swelling had subsided, with only a little remaining. So I warmed up the ointments again and applied them to his cheeks and throat, and tied on the cloths as before. Then I kissed the skirt of his robe and asked his permission to take my leave. “What do you say? Am I able to travel tomorrow?” the pasha asked. “I’ll come check on you early tomorrow morning, my lord, and will give you an answer then,” I said, then left him and returned to my companions. The next morning at dawn, I was summoned to the pasha. I went to see the 11.91 harem steward and asked him how the pasha was feeling. “He’s doing fine, and he slept well during the night,” the steward replied, ushering me in to see the pasha, who was sitting up, smoking a pipe, and looking right as rain. “Well, what do you think? Am I cleared to travel?” he asked. “The choice is yours, my lord,” I said. “However, if you do decide to travel today, let this leg be a short one. I wouldn’t want the sun to dissolve your humors.” “Good idea,” he replied, and ordered the harem steward to send word to the chief baggage officer to set up the next camp a two-hour journey from where we were. He also gave the order to sound the first bugle call, which was the signal for departure.
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ة ا ة � ا � ا � ا � ب ة �� � ب ب� �ة ا �ة ا ب ا ب ب � ة ة ��ة��� ا ة� ع��د ر��� ة� �و �� �ر� حة�ب�ً�د � �لة��د �م ة� �وب����� ��ك �ب�� ���� �و م� ح�ا � �وب� ���م �ر���م� � ط�س � ب ب اب �ب � �ب�ا ا ّٰلل� ب��م��ه ب��ا � ��م��ل ب��ا �م �ة ا ��ب��ا �����ا ا �����ةرا � �و�ه�و ب�لب���ا ���ة ا ��� ��� � او �ل���ا �ة��� �ك ���س ل ة و ة ��ر �ب� � ح� ر ج �� � � ة � ب � ب ة � بب ة ا ب� ار ب� ح ب��ا ����� ا �ل��د � او ب� � �وب�ل�ة�ب��ا ����� �هة��� ا �ل�����را ��ة� ا � د �� ���ا �ل �� � �ل��ة�ر �ورك� ب� ا �ب��ا ������ � �وب��د ة� ة ة � ب � � �� ب�� ا �عة � ب � ا ا �� ب�� �و�� �ة��د �ة� �و��م �بر�ا ا ��� ا ب� �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� � ��� او � �مب����و ب� و ه�و �ر���� ��ةس �ل� حة� �� ا ��� ة � ة ة ب ب ب ب� ة � ب ب � ة ب ا ب ة ا �ة ب � � ب � ب ب ب ب � � ا ا ا � � ���س��ر �� � ح��ل ا �� � ة � ل ا �� ب� � � حة�� �م���م �ول �رل� ا �� �ور����� �ة� ���� او �� �و �رل� ل ل ة ��ة ر �� رل ا �ب�� ���� �ود � ة ب � ة ��بل ب ب ا � اب ب ا � ب � ب ة � ة �مر� ا �ب��ا �����ا. �ر�� ب� �م بس ة�سم�� ا � �ر� د ا ر �ل����� �����ل�و�م��ةس ح� ة � �ة ة بل ب �� ة �ع ب ل�ة � ا � ا � ا ��� � ب� �دا ا �� ا �� ا �ة � ��ل�ه ب � � � � ب � �ة ��بم�ا ��ل ح�� رل� س دب �ة� و �ل� ب� س ب � �وح� ر ب�� ��� �د م ��د ة� ود �� �ة� و ��ة� ب اب �ب ة � ��ا ب ح��ل ة� ا ��� ا ���� � ب ب ة � ��ة�� ة� ������ �ود ب� �مر� ا �ب��ا �����ا ب��ة��د �ع�وك ��م ب� �ب� � ح� ة� ة ��� او � � ار��ة� �ر�م ك��ة ح����ة� ً � ة � ��� ب � ����ا �ة�� ب ب�ة��ة��د �م ة� � ��� ة ح��ل ب��ا �����ا ا �م�ا � � �مر�ة ا �ب��ا �����ا �ب ار ��ة��� �مة� �� �ب�ا ����� ب��د ا ر�ة� �ب�د ب� حب� �� �� ب ةس و ةس وب ة م ة ً �س�ة��م ة� � او �ة��ب��ا ب��ا �م ��ب� ��ا ب��ل ����� � او � ة � ح��دا � �و�م�د ���� �ة��د� ب��د���ة�� ة� ب��م���ط�� �و�ه ب�ة��ة��� ���ل�و��س � اة�� رة ب ة ة � � �اب ب �ب ط�س ة � ب �ب�� بر��د �ل�� �� ��� ا �ل���ا �ة��� ب���ة���� ل � �م ب�� ب� برء �م بس ا �ل��د �ة� �و ب� ���هة��� ��ة� د �� بس ا � �لورد �ل� �ة� را ��ة ة� ة ة� ة ة � � ً� �ب ا � ة � ��س ًا � ا � � ب ة �ب ��ل � ب بب ب ��ة��� �ة� ا ����ل د �ه�و� � �ل��سب��� �و�ك ���س �عب��� ا �ل�ور� �� ب� ح�ل� � بحب��� �م��� �و ��ط� �� �و م� ��ا �ل ة ة م ة� ب� � ة � �ب �م �ة ا ����ا ������ � ��ه د ا ب� ة ب � ا �����ر� � او �ة��� ة� ����ا ��ل �و�� ��ل ط�� ة� �م بس د �ل��ك ا�ا�مر�ه� �� ��ل ح��ل �ر ��ط� ر و ة� ة ب� ط���� ب� ة ح� ر ب م ��� � ا �ع ��� ة � �ه �ب ا �ب����� ��� ا ب� �ًا �����ل ة �م ب � ا ب ب � ب �ب�ب� ب ب� ة � ة ة ح ة� �م ب � � ���� �ة� � ب مط .ح�ة ر ط ب�� �� د � و ر ب ��ة��� ��هب��ل� ا ���� و ة س � � � � ب �دا � � ا � ب ا �� � � ��� او ب� ��بم�ا ��ل � ح�ة� ة� �م ����ة�� ة� ك� �و� ���ا � ة��د � � او �ل�ا � او � ا �� ح� رة� �مر�ة� �ب� لرب � ح��د �م بس ا ب�ل� � � �وع ا ��ة� ة م م ��ا �ب �ع ب��د �ر� ك�� ة ح�����. ة م ب ا �� �لةه ب�ة �ب �ل ا ة � � ة ا � ب� �ة � ب ة ب � ة ة ا ا ب ب ب � � � � �� ا �م�ا �م�� �مر ب� � � �مر� ا �� ةد���� ا �مر �ل�ك بله�� � � او ر�����ل � او ح� � �م� ا �م���ل� ا �م� �م� �����ح� ة� ة ة � ة � � ب ب ب ��ا � �ب ب�ل ا ب ة ب �� ��ا ����� ة� ب��ا �ة � ���ل�ة د � ا � �ك����ا �ل ب� ا � � ه ل ح�ة��� ��ا ب�� ب��ا ا � � ��ة� �ل���ل � � � � او �مر� �ب�ا � �ة ك ل � � � � ك � ح��ة�م ب ة� � و ة �� و ب �ة� ب �ة� م ر �م ب ب ب �� ب � �ة � ب � �ل�� ��� ب ا �� �لةه ب � ب ب � � � ة ة ا� ا ب � �� �ة � �ة�� ��مب ة �م�ة� ب���ة� ور ح ��و�م�� ا �ة� ��س��� ة ة ���� ا �و �ة ��ل� ��� �و�مس د �ل�ك ا �ل�و�ك� �م� ������ل ا �ة� �� ب ب �� � ة ة ب ����� ب � ب ��س���� ب���ب� ب �� ب��ا بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل����� ب� �ب ة ��� ا ��ب ا � د �ب�ا � � �لة��د �م� ا �� ب��ا ة� � ا ���ة ة ر ة � �ة� ب��ة��� � او ����ل د �ل�ك ا �ب�ة��� �ة�ل � و ة� و وة و ج ج � �� ع����ا � او �ة� د � او ب�� ب��ا ���لة ��ة�. بة ب ب ة با � ة ح���ا ا ��ل��ة ��ه �مب������ ة� ا ����ا �����ا ب ��ا �ب����د ك�� �م �ة �لو�م �و����ل�� ا ��ة� �رب� �م�دة����� ا �ة ��و� �ر�ة� � ر ة� ة� ب بة � �� ب با ب � ا ب � ةة ب ب � � �ب � ���ا ب��ب� بر�ل ا �ب��ا �����ا ��� � ك� حب� ر �ب� ��� ب�ة��� � م��ا � ب�ل�هة��د �ع بس ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �� ب���ر �ة �لو� � بول�ل�ه�� � �س��ة�� ��ة� ��لة� ة م م
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Chapter Eleven
I stepped forward, kissed the skirt of the pasha’s robe, and set off to see my 11.92 companions, to whom I excitedly brought the news that His Excellency had made a full recovery. We all thanked God, loaded our baggage on our horses, and prepared to travel as soon as the third bugle sounded. The pasha set off, accompanied by the sounds of a marching band. We traveled for two hours, and arrived at the next encampment. The pasha went into his large, sumptuous tent, and the soldiers entered theirs. My companions and I were given a tent near the quartermaster’s, as we were now recognized as part of His Excellency’s coterie. No sooner had I dismounted from my horse than the pasha’s chief valet 11.93 approached. “His Excellency the pasha summons you.” I followed the valet to the pasha’s tent, where I found the harem steward waiting for me and we entered. The pasha was reclining against a couple of cushions. I came forward and kissed the skirt of his robe, then stood at attention. He invited me to sit beside him and held out his hand. I took his pulse and congratulated him on his recovery. “I’d like you to give me a little of whatever you put in that rose oil,” he said. “The salves you made me were very helpful; they eased the swelling right away.” “It would be my pleasure,” I replied, and went to get what he’d requested, bringing back a large piece nestled within a clean piece of paper. Then I kissed his robe once again and presented it to him, to his delight. I asked his permission to leave, and left the tent. But before I’d taken a couple of steps, one of the other valets called me back in to see the harem steward. “His Excellency, our effendi, has ordered that you be provided with proper 11.94 lodgings,” he said, and summoned the convoy captain. “See to it that the pasha’s chief physician is afforded lodgings and fodder for his horses,” he told him. The convoy captain asked me how many people were traveling in my party. I told him there were three of us. From that moment on, whenever we arrived in a village, the convoy captain would hand me a document affixed with an official seal to give the local shaykh. The shaykh would then arrange for us to be lodged in a house whose owners would wait on us, prepare our dinner, and provide fodder for our horses. A few days later, we arrived in the vicinity of Afyonkarahisar, which fell 11.95 under the pasha’s jurisdiction. The pasha set up camp in a spot that was a day’s
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ة � ب ا� ب � ا ب � ���� ا�ا�م�ا ��ل �م ب ا �� �لب��ل��� ب م��ا ب� ب��م�����ة � ة �س���ة ا ��ا � ��ل�ا ب� � د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� ح��ةس �و��� ب ح��ل ح� ة �ل ة ح���ةس ا �ل�را ���ة� س م ة � � ح ة� � �� ح� ا �ل ��ة� �ه ب��ا ك � �م�� � او ���ط��ل�ة� ا �� �لة��ا ���ر ب� حة��� 1ا ��ل�� بدةل بس ا �ة�ل او ������ �م بس ا � � ���د ا ر � او �ع ���ط�ا ��ه �س� ة م ب � ب �� ب ب ا ة ا �� � ب ا ب ب ا ا ا� ب ة ا� ب � �ب ب � � � � � � � � � � �م ��� ح� ل��ر ة� د � او �ب���� � او � �مرله��د �� � ��ر بحة��� �و��ب � ���� �ب� �م����ة ر ا �ة� �م�دة����� ا�م�د ل��ور� �ة� � ر م م ب � � ب � ا �� ة ب � ة ا �� ب �� ��� �� � �ب د ة ا �مب�� � ا ب � ح��د ا بد ب� �م ب ا ����ا �����ا س � � � ا � � � � ا ا � � م م ���د � ك � ���د ا ا �ل�لة���ل ��ل�م� ل � � � � � ل ب � ة� و ر ة� س ب س م ر � ب ��ا ب ا ����ا �����ا �م�ا ا د �ة����ا �ب � ة���ل� ا � ة �ة ��ب ا ��ل�� ب��� �ب�مب��س ب� ب� ��ة � ب �� ة � � � ر ك �س��ة�� رو ك ح��ا ا�ام�د �ل�ور �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ة� ا ب� ك� � ة� ب ر �ة� رة�ة� � م ب ب ب � � ب ب ة ب ة ة ة �ع ب��د �� � او ��� ��� � �� �وا ب� د �ع ب��ا ��م���� �و���ل��س �م بس ����ل �ور ��ط��. ح�م�� ا ة� ���س ب������د ر لرد �ل�� ب�� ة ة ة ب ة �ب ة ب � ب �� ب � ا � ا � ب ً � ب ة � � � ة � ���د ��ب �ع ب � � � ��ا � ������وب��� ك��ل� �م�� �و��ة ر� �ة����ة� �عس ام���ة� له��د ا �ب�� ���� ح� �م ار �ة��ل� �ة�� ة� س بً � � ب � �� ح�ة�را ا � ة � �س�ة��م ب��ا �ه ب��ا ك ا ���ة� �ب�� ��ب� ا �ل��لة���ل �و����ا �ب �بر�ا ا ���ة� ���ا ��ة� �ة �لو� � �� ا �ل�� ب���ر .ا � ح� ا �ل�د ��ر ب ب ب ب � � م � � بم ��ب ح��ل ب ا د ا ب � ����ل ب�ا ��ل��ل�م�د �� ب��� ب���ل� �ا د ب ة ح ب ����الةر ل ب ح��ل ا�ا�م�دة�� ب��� �و� � ���د ��� د �ل��ك ا �لر ب� � � م � � � ح��ل ا �ل�د �ة� ك� � و � ة س س ة ة ب �ة � ة � �ب � ة ا � �ة � ب � � �ب � ا ب ة ب ة �و��� ��ة� �م�دة�� ب��� ا � �� ع�ب��� ا�ام�و ب�� � ���ر� �ل�� �ة� �ة �س�� ����هر �ل�م� را �ة� ا �ع� ���ة� �و��� ر ةلهب��ل��ة� ة با ة ة ة ب ب �ة � �ب ّ �ة � �� ح ب ���ل�� ����ة ا �ب �لب��ا ا ب��م�ا ��� ك� � ���� بل�� ب ا � ب ب � �ب ة � � �� �� ر � او ���� رح ب� �ة� �مو ة� ��ة ر �و �ة� �ب� �ة� ا لر�ل �ة� ب��ة���� � ب��ة��� �و�ل��ل� س ب ب ة � � � �� م��ا ب� �ة�� �ل�و ب� �م�ة�ل� ����ل�ك ةلر�� ب��ا � ك� �ب� ��ط��ل ب� �م بس �� ب� ح�ة� ا بل بر�ل ا �ب�ا �و ر���ة��ا ��ة� � �وب��د �عة���ل�ك. � ة ة ج � ا ا �� �ب ب � � ب ا ب � ة ح�ة �ل�� �����ب��ا ا � �ب � � �ل�و ب� �م�ةل�س ���� ة��� ��� � ا �م���� �ه�� �ود � � � د � � � ح��ل ب��ا ا �ة� �ة�� �م �رة�� �ود ��� ا �ل و ب ة� ة� ة ة و ة ب �� � �ب � بة � ب ب ب ح�� ا ��ل�� بد �� ا �ة�ا ���ه ب��ا ا ا ب � � � � � � � � ا � � ا ا � � � � � �ع�م�ا ر .حة��ً�د ���د � ��� �ة� د ر ب و � � �� و� ��� و ر�����ل د �ل�ك لر ب� ل ة ج � ا �� ب ا � � � � ا �� �ب �� �ج�م ب ����ة � ا ا � ب � ا ب�� ب ا � ا �ب� ���ط� ب � � ا �م�ب �س�� �ط �و ر��� س ب ة �� �و �و��� �ة� ب� �� �ل� ب � �و بح� ب� �� ح���ة ر �و ب � ع���� �و ��ة� ج ب ب ب ب ب ������ ة� � � � �ع ب��د ا�ا�م����ا ء � ا � ب ا ح�ا ب� ������ � ا �ع �ة� �و� ا ا �ب���ة��د �و ب� � ع����ا ء �و�ه�و ب� و ب ح� ب� �ل او ��� � ة ة رع ر رع �ب ح�ل��س � � �ب � ب � ة ل ة ة � � ا � � ا ا ا ا ا � ب �ل������ ���ه ب�� ا �ة� ��� ر ���د �و�ة� �مس ا �ل�لة���ل �و�ه�و �ة�ل����� �م� �ب �ل��د ر ا ك�� �ة���ك ����� ب �مة���ل ا �ل�د �ة� � ة ة �ب ��س�هة��� ��� � �ه �� �ب �ا �عم ب ا ��ل�ة � ���ا ب�� ة� �ةل��ل�ب� ة� � �م�ا ���د ة� ا �ب�ب ح�ة��� ا �� �م ب����ا ���� �ب�ا � � � ك � �س ل � ب و � ة� ب �هة� و �و ��� ة �ة� �ة� ر ر ة � ا ب ��ب ب ّٰ ا ب ة ب � �ب � � ب ا ���د ا ��ب���� ب ا � ع�ب���ك �ل� ��ة� �م�ا ك�� ة� ا � ���د �� �ب�ا � ا لل� �ة� ا ��ة� ة ع بر���� �����ك �و�ه�و ا �ل�د ة� ا ������ �ة ة� ة ع�ب���ك �ب��� �����ب��ا �م بس ����ل �� ���ر�. �ة ب ً � � �س�ة��م ب��ا �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ��ب� ب��� ���ة ا �ل�ا�ب���م ا � ة�ة ب� حب ا� ة� ��ة�ر�� �و�م ب� ا � ة � � ا ب� ة ة ح�ة�را ا ��سم����ر ب ة ��� ا �ة� ب��ة���� �و س رج � �ا �ب �� ب ا � ب ا �ة � ب ����ا � � ���م �ة��ة ا ��ل ����سم�� �ل���د �م�ا � ب��� ��س��ا ب��ة����ا ح��ل ب � � � � � � �� � � م � ��م � � � � � ه ا �ة� ا � ا �ب��� � ب و و � سب بر و ر ر � ا ��� ب ج و ر ب � ج � �م����س �� ا�ا�مب�ب � ا ��ل�ا ا �ة�ا �ب�ا �����ا �مر � او � �لة��ا �م�� �و ���ط��ل ب� �مب��� �ب�ا ��� ا ر�و� ������ ا ���� ٢ب����ة��� � ه � ة و � � � ب ب ة ة ة � � ة ج ة ة ف أ أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا �ل��ت�ه�ا طر�ت�� « ٢ .ا لت� » ل ت�رد �ت� ال��ص�ل.. م
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Chapter Eleven
journey from the city, and we learned that he intended to remain there five or six days to collect money from the peasants and the landowners subject to his authority. The pasha paid the muleteers who had traveled with him from Üsküdar, and discharged them. Our own muleteer then appeared, giving us notice that we would be leaving for Afyonkarahisar that very night. Upon receiving this news, I decided to ask the pasha’s permission to depart. But my companion, Ḥannā, dissuaded me. “What if the pasha doesn’t want you to go?” he said. “You’re under his authority now, so if he tells you to stay here, what are you supposed to say? Let’s just leave now, before we get stuck here.” I saw the wisdom of his words and decided not to go to the pasha, fearing 11.96 that he might prevent me from traveling. We waited until midnight and set off, traveling until we arrived in Afyonkarahisar at noon the next day. As we entered the city, I happened to bump into the fellow whom I’d treated for eye pain in Eskişehir. When he saw me, he showered me with embraces and kisses, welcoming me with great affection, and invited me to stay at his house! “I’m sorry, I can’t, as there are three of us,” I said. “Instead, could you perhaps recommend a good place for us to stay, and we’ll invite you over?” The man took us to a caravansary, and told its proprietor to give us a good 11.97 room. We went upstairs with him, where he opened a room for us, and the man who’d taken us to the caravansary had some furnishings brought over from his own house: a straw mat, a carpet, and a mattress. Making us promise not to prepare any dinner, he went on his way. When evening came, our dinner was delivered to us on a platter, and was followed by the man himself, who strode in with jug of arak and a jug of wine too. He sat down and we dined together as night fell. “I’ll never be able to repay the great favor you did me,” he said. “You cured my eye of that squint, when I couldn’t see anything out of it!” “Don’t thank me, brother, thank God—curing your eye was His work,” I said. “In fact, I didn’t think the medicine would work.” The man returned home after thanking me profusely, and we spent a most 11.98 comfortable night at the caravansary, not waking up until the sun rose the next morning. After breakfast and coffee, we were sitting and chatting when a young man appeared. He was a Christian lad, a tall, strapping fellow. He asked me to visit his house to examine someone’s eyes.
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�ة � ب � ب � ب ا � ب ا � ة � � ا � ا ا ب� ا �ب ا � ا ل � �� � ب ا � � ب � ح�د �� بحب��� �ل� ة� �ة� � م� بر�و ا ة� ع��د � ع���ةس �و � حة� ب� د �ل��ك ح�د ب ح�ة� ا ��مر�� ����ة� ة ج �ب ب ب ��ا ب � �ة � ب � اب ا ب � ب ���د ا ا ��ل �����ا � �ا�م�ا ���سم� ب ع���� �وك�� � ا �ل���ب�� ب� �ة� ب ا �ل������ � ا �ة� �ع��د �ة� ح�ة� ا ��مر�� ���ة� �ة ع �مس ب �� � ح� ��ا ��ب ��� ة ���ا ب�� ة� �ةل��ل�ب� ة� � �ه� ا ��ل�� بد �� د ��ل�� ��� ّ .ا ب� ً ا ع�ب��� ب�ل���د �م�ا ك� ح�ة�را ��� ر د �ل�ك ا �لر ب� �ل ب ة� ة وو ة ��ب��� �ة �ة� �ّ ب � � � � ة � ب ا ة ا ة � ب � � ب �ل ا �ع ب �ة �� ط� ا ��ل�ا�مب ة��ة��و�����ل ا � � �ب�ا �� ا ر�و ���� ا �� ب��ة���� �� ب��ة��� �و�م� رد � ا م� � � � � � � � � � ل � � � � � م � � و ب � ر ة س ة ة ة ج ع با ب ب ب �س � � ب � ة �� � �ع ب��� �ه � �م�ة حب�� � �ة� ��ا ب ا ��ل���� ب � � � ا � ��ة� ر� او ��ة� ������ �� � ا ح� ك � د � ل � ح � � ل � � ك � ح��د �ة� ���� ب� ب و �� ب � � س ة ة و ر ة� ة ّٰ �ةب ب ا ة ب ة �� �ة � ��ه �ع � �����ة � ب �م �ر�� � او رة���م ���� ا �ة��دة��� � �و �لة���� ل� ��را �م�� ا لل� �م��س ا ����� ���د � �س��� �م�ا بةلس ل � � ح��ل ا � و ة� رو ة � ة ة� ة� ة ة ة� ة � � ةبا ب ب ب � ا � م��� �� �� � ب ا �مب���� ����ه �لة���� ب �س ح���. حس �� ��س ة�سة ة ة� س ب �� � � ة ب ة ا ب ��ا ب ب ة ب ا ا� ب � � ب� ا � ة ا ب � � � � � � � � � ل � � � � � � ا � � ا � � � � ��ل�م� ��سم��� �م�� ����ل ك�ل م ا �ل� ر�م� ب� ة� روج ��� وك� � رة���ة� ح�� م�د ل�ور م� برة��د ة� � ب � � ب � ��ً�ا �م ب ا ��ل ح��ل�� ب� � ك� ح�� ح��ا � ا � ا ر�و� �ة��ل�� �ة� ��ط��ل� ��ة� ا �ب���ل��د ��ة�� ة� � �ة�� �م�ا ب�ل���ود ا ة��د ر ا ب� ح�� � � و س س م ج � ب �م بً ب ب � � ا ب �ب �ة � � � �ع �� �� ا � ا ل � � � � ح��ل ���د ا ا �ل���ب�� ب� �م�ا �ب��ر���د ��� ا ر ب� � ا ا � � � ح�ة�را ل � �� .ا � � � ل ح� د د � � ل � � � م ل � ك � بل ة� ر ول ب �ل� � �ة� بة ة �ة � ع م � �ب � ا � �لة� ��� � � �م ب ة � � � �� � ة � ا� ا ب ��� ا ح��ل ب��ا ���مب ا �ل ا ب� � ة � ح�ب�س�ور �ر و � ��ا �ل �و ب� ع ا �م� �م�ة� ��ة��� ��� ا ة� ب�ة���� �و�م� د � ة� ح�د � ���هة� ب ��� ب ا � ب ا �� ة � ب � ب ا �� � � ��م � �ة ��� ب ب ة ب ا ا � �مر� او ���ب��ة�� �و �هة� ب ة��ل� �ه�و� حة��ً�د ا ح� �م� �ة��د� �وك�ل���ة� ا �ل���د ا ������ �ب����د �م� ا ك��ل�� �و��م بر���� 1ا �ل � ��س ب � ا ا ب � � � ح ب ب�ة��ب� �� ة �ب ا � ب �ا �ب ا ��ة� � ا ��ل ط�سة��� �مر �و�م� �ب�ةلس ��ل ��� ����ة� ا �لب�ة���. ع���� ر �� ةس ا �ب�ب� � ���س ر �� ة� � � ة� ة م ة م �م ���ا � ا �ب�ا �� �م�ا �ل��ل� � �� ��ا ب �ب��ب �ل� ا �م ب �ب��ب �بك����ا ��ل ة� � � ا ب � � ة � �م ���ا �م�ا � � رب ح�ل��� �مس ا ة���س ب�����س و س ر و �ة� ة وج ة� ب � ر � � ة ة � ب ب � ب ب ����� ب��ا � ا ب � ا ا ب ا ا ب ب �م ����ا ���� � .ب اة ���ا ��ة ��� ا �����ا ب����ب�ب� ح� بل ��ة� ا �ل���� ب� �ب� ����� �م� ب������ ر ة� ة� �ة��� ك� �ور ب حة��ً�د ���� � � �مر � � ب � � � ب ة �ب ب � �مر���ا ����ود� �و�م�ا ب��ة�����مرا �ل�اب��ة�ب��س �م بس ا �ل�ا����ود �و�ل�ا ا �لر ب� ح��ل �م بس ا �ل�ا�م ار � ا �ل��د ��ة��ا ���ة��ا �ل ة� �ب�ا �����ا ب����ب�ب� ب �بة ة ب ة ا ب ب ح�� � �ل � �ل ا � ب ا ا ���د ا ���د �� ا ��ل �����ب��ا �� ا �� ا ��م ة� ا ��ل ��� ء� . حة�ب�ً�د ح�ك � �م ة �ة� ر ة ة ع����� �م� ء �و ك�ة����� �ب� � د � ل ب وب و ة م ب ا ب ة � � �� ة � � ا �ة � ة �ب � � �ب � ا ة بب ة � ح��ل ������لة� ة� ر ب� ���س �ل� ب� ���ا �و� ل �� ة� ح� � �ر��� ��لة� ع����� �مس �ل�لك ا �ل� ���ر� � او �ع ��ة ل�� � ���ر� �ة� ا �ة � ب ة � �� ح�ة ة�� ��ة � �لة� ���� �����ا �بة�سم�ا �ل���د � � د �عة ح��ل��ا ب� بء �م ب �ةل��ل�ك ا �� �لة� ���� � � ��� �و م� ة و و ��ة��� ا ��ة� � � � ب ب � ا �ة� ر ب� � ر س ر ر ة ة� م � ب ة ة �ع ب��د ر���ة��ا �ة� � او �ب�ا � برل بس ���� �ل��ل�ك ا ����ب��ة���. ة ة ب ا ب �ب �� ا �ع�ب��� � �مب �ب ا �� ة� �ع ب��د �ه� �ب�ا �� ��ب ا ���ة�� ب��د ا �� �مب � � م � � � � م � � �� � � � � ��م� � � ب م س ة� ر ة � م ر و � م ة� و ع ة � م و � رة ب ا �ب ب ب ب � � ب ة ب � � ة ة ا � � � � ح�د �و ��� ا ��� ب�� �� � ح� ا ��م �� ��� �م � � ع �ب�ة�ر�ة��د � او �ة� � ة ة ة و ��� ه�م �ر� �ة� ا �مر�ة� �ة ��� ا �م��ل ة� ر �ة� ر أ 1ال��ص�ل :و ش���رف�ا.
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Chapter Eleven
“Sorry, brother, I’m not going to anyone’s house,” I said. “Bring this person to me, and I’ll examine his eye here.” The young man had, it seemed, heard about me from the squint-eyed fellow I’d cured, who’d sent him my way. Even after he begged me, I continued to refuse to go with him. The man became despondent, and took me aside. “The person I told you about is my wife!” he confided. “She’s a young bride—we’ve only been married for a year, and she can’t very well enter a caravansary.” The young man pressed his face to my hands. “For the love of God, please come with me! What are you afraid of? We’re Christians!” At this, I felt compelled to go with him, though my friend Ḥannā didn’t like 11.99 it one bit. What if the news got out that there was a doctor in town? If that happened, I’d never escape, especially if the authorities found out. There were no doctors in these parts, Ḥannā reminded me, which was why he didn’t want me to go with the young man. In the end, though, I took my little flask of ointment and went to the man’s house. As soon as we arrived, he led me to the dining table and invited me to have lunch with him. After we ate and had our coffee, they brought the young woman before me. She was a beauty. I peered into her eyes, and they seemed to be perfectly fine, with no indication otherwise. “What’s the problem exactly?” I asked the young man. “As far as I can tell, 11.100 her vision is fine.” “She can’t see anything,” he replied. I turned to the young woman and asked her what she was able to make out of the world around her. “I see blackness,” she replied. “I can’t tell the difference between black and white, or a man and a woman.” That was when I realized she had cataracts, a condition that was untreatable according to just about every doctor. I felt sorry for her, and even though I knew it would do no good, I put some drops in her eye, as a way of comforting her husband, and gave him some of the medicine to administer later. I bid them farewell, feeling terrible for the young woman, and returned to my companions. When I arrived, a group of people was waiting for me. There were sick 11.101 people, some experiencing eye pain themselves, and others who wanted to
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ب � ب ب ة� � � ب� � ب ب ����� � او�ا�مر���ة� ا �و���� ����� �و�����ا ة� �و�م�ا �����ا ك����ل د �ل��ك � او � ��� �مر ة� ا �� ���ر ا �ة� ب�ل�� ب� ��م� �مر� � م م �ب � ا ��بل ب � ب ب ب ة � �ب ب� ة �ب �ود � �� ك���� ا ح� �ب��ر ��ة� ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �ب�ا � ��ة� �ة�� ��� ��مو�ة� ����ل��� �����ا ر ة� �مر�� ة� ا � �ل��ل�� ب��ة��� �م�و ب�� ر ب ة م ة م ع ة � � ب � ����� �ب�ا �ا ل م�م��بس. ا � ب��ا ��س ب��� �وةلر�وج� � او �ب�ا ا �� ب� م ة � � ب ا �ب ا ة � � �ا � ا ح�ا ا ��ل�ا� �ب � ���ا ��ا ����� � ������ ا ة�� ب��� ب ب � � � � � ا �ة� �� �ل� ة �لوم مس �و���و ة� ا ة� �ه�� ك �م� را ��ة� ا �ل� ا ب� و ب ة� و ةس �ة ة � ب ب � ب ة ب �م ب � ب ح��د ر�� ة� �م�����ل��� ا �ب���ل��د �ود �ع�و��� ا ���� �ع ب��د ا�م�����ل��� �وك� ���ا � ا �ل���ب�� ب� �ه�و ا � �ب�ب�س�� ��ا ��ة ة� س ب� ة �و� ة ة ة م م ة � � بة � � � �� ب � ب ل � ا�عب � ط �و ��ب� ������ةل�سم�� �����ا ب� �و�ه�و ابل بس ا ب� ح ة� �و ��� ا برل���ةس ��مربج �و�ه�و �مر�����ل مس �ب���ل �ورةر ا �ل� ��م ة ة � � � ��ا ب � � �ة ب ا �ب ا � � � � ب � � ب ة ة � ب� ب � � � اب ع ���ة�� ��ة� ا �ل��د �و�ل�� �ل�� ك�� � ب �م�ل� ���� �ب� ���� ا �ل�د ة� ك � �و�ل�� ��ة��� ���ا � �و�كة�ة�ً�د �ب�ا ������ ا ب�ل� �� � ة م ج � � ا� ب � ب��ة � ح���� ����ا �ا�م�� ب �س��� ب � ب ح��د ا �ل � �و ب� ةس ا ��� ا ��ل �����ا � �وك� ���ا � �� ةس �ة�ا ب� � ا �ل��د ر ب� �و�ل� ب� ��� ا �ل��رب� �و � ��ب� � ة ة ح��ل ة ب ة ة م م ع ج ج ب ة ب� ���د ا ���ا ر ��ل�� �ب�ا � �و��ة��� � ع ���ة�� . م ب �مة ا� ب ب � ب ة � � ب ا � � � �ب ب ب ا � �لةهة��� � � ا � ب ةب � � � � � � ا ا � � م ا � � م�د � د د � � � � ح � م ل ل � ل ح ل � � ل�� ��ا � �ل ��ة� ا �ب�� �ع ب� ة� �� ب� ����ة� ابلس ا ح��� ا� �ور ور ة �ل ب �ل س س � ا �ب ب ��� � � � � ب ��� ا �� �� � � ب � � ب ة ب �ب ��د ا �ا�م�ا ب�ل��لب���� ا ��بل � ���ا � �م��ر�و��س ��ل� ���ا � �م�وك��ل� ��لة�� مس به ��ور ب��ل د ا �ل�د ة� ك ك �ب��ر �ب�ا � ة��� � � � ب � ة � � ب � ة ب ة ب ا ب� �ب �� � �ةب ب ب� ا ة �� �� ��و�ل � او �لب�س�� �ع ب��د ح� �ل�� ا �مر �ب �له���ل�� � � حهة��� ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب �هر ب� �ة��ل� � او ح ���ة� ��م ب�ل���د د �ل�ك ���� �ر ة ب �� ة � ب �� ب ا � ا ب � ة ب ح ب ���لة��� ا ��ل�و برلر �و ب��ل ����ة��� �� ا �ل�و برلر � او � ك� ��ا � �و�م بس ب�ل���د � ح��ةس �سم� � ح��ا �ل�� �� ب� ح� �ل�� �ب� ��� م�ل�ب�س�ة� ��ة� ة س ة ة ع � � ب ب �ب ا �ل��د �و�ل�� ��ب��ة� ة� ���لة��� ��ة ��� ا �ب�� ���ل ة� �م بس �ة��د�. ب ب � ب� ��ا ��� �م�����ك ب� ب�� ب��� �م� ب ة ب ة � �� ب ا ��ل�� ب� ةر ح��ل ���د � ا �� ك� ة �مر ��������ةس � او ر�����ل �ة�ل ��و�ل �ل� �لو رلةر �م� لبر�����ل ب حة � ا ب �� � � � ا ب ا � ة ب � ب �� � ا ل ب ا ب � با ل ب � ا ��بل � حة��� ح�ة� ةلر������ ابل بس ا ��� �ل� � �ة� ���� ح���� ب� �� �ل��ر�م ا �ل�ورلةر لةر�����ل ل� ب س س ر ة ة ة � ة ط� ة �ة � �ب � ح��� ��� ب ب ا ا � �س � � � ح�ا ��ل�� �ولر ب� ح��دد ���لة��� � � � ����� ������ ا ��� ا ��م ب� س � � ا � � � �� ��و�ل ����ا ا� �و� � � � � ح� � � � ل � ب بب �ة� ب ة� ب ة �و ب � ة ة م ع ب ا ا� � � �ب ب ب ب ة ة ب ح ب� � � ب ���د ا ����ل ��د ر ا �ة�ا �م ��ة� �م�د� �����ر� �م بس ��ة�ر �ل���و�ة�لة� ب��م�و ب� ب� ح ��ط ��م �رة�ل� �مس �ة��د �م�لك � � ب ا ��ل ����� �م ب �ب ب ��� ����ل�� ��ب � ��� ��ل�� ��ل�ه ب��د ب� ا � ة ة � اب ا��ا ب ة ا ح� �ل�� �ة�له���ل�� �ل���� �م� ك�� � ة�������� ب� �م بس ا �ل�ورلةر ب س ر ة ة� و و � ب � � � ب � � ب �ا � ب �� ب �و�ل� �م بس ا �ل��د �و�ل�� � ب ار د ���لة��� ا �ل�و��ه � او �لر�ع ب� ��مر��س ��ة� ا �����ر�ل�ة� �و�م�ا ��� د ة��م��ب��� ا ��� لةرك� ب� ة م
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Chapter Eleven
take me home to examine their invalids. What was I supposed to do? I had no idea! I began going around, putting drops in some people’s eyes and prescribing remedies to others, before sending them away. Soon, word got around town that there was a very skilled Frankish doctor staying at a certain caravansary. People came in droves, flowing in and out of the place as I struggled to stave them off as best I could. Three days after our arrival, the proprietor of the caravansary suddenly 11.102 appeared in the company of two officials who served the local governor. They invited me to come with them to see the governor, for the following reason: It seemed that an imperial chamberlain was passing through town, at the head of a company of forty cavalrymen. He’d been sent by the grand vizier to deliver a certain young man to his maternal uncle, Nāṣīf Pasha, the pasha of the hajj pilgrimage. Nāṣīf Pasha was a famous and powerful man in the empire at that time. For years, he’d led the pilgrimage to Mecca and brought it back safely to Damascus. He’d brought the Bedouins to heel and kept the roads open. On account of this achievement, he’d acquired a great deal of power and fame. Now, Nāṣīf Pasha had become enraged with his nephew—his sister’s son— 11.103 and vowed to kill him. It seemed that the nephew had embezzled some funds that he was responsible for collecting from the territories under his uncle’s jurisdiction. When he learned that his uncle wanted him dead, the nephew fled in the middle of the night and vanished. He traveled in secret all the way to Istanbul and sought the protection of the vizier, to whom he explained his predicament. The vizier felt sorry for him and took him in, but Nāṣīf Pasha soon learned that his nephew had found refuge at the palace, and was furious that he’d managed to escape. Out of revenge for this injustice, the pasha seized the treasury of Egypt for 11.104 two years. He sent word to the vizier that no monies would flow to Istanbul until the nephew was released to him, as he had a score to settle. The vizier was compelled to send the nephew in the company of a chief chamberlain, who was given instructions to let the young man meet with his uncle and then to bring him back safe and sound to Istanbul. He was also told to complete the journey without delay, spending no more than a specific number of days, on the authority of an edict signed by the king himself. The young man was terrified that he’d be put to death as soon as he arrived. He knew his uncle wouldn’t be intimidated by the vizier, or even the sultanate itself. As they traveled, his anxieties grew so severe that he became sick with
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�ب �ة ح��د �م ب ���� ب��� ا �� �ع ب ح�ا �� �� ا ب�ة ��و ب� �ة �� � ح���ا ر �ة� ���ط��ل ب� �م ب��� ��ا ر ب�ة��� ا � �ل ب��ب�س ا ا � � �� � � � �د � � � و ر و � � ل س ر ر ة ة ة� م ا� ب � � ب ب ة اب � � � � ح � � � ���د ا��م �ر���س ا �ل�د ة� ����� . �ة� ةل�� �ب� ��� لةر����ل�� ب� ار ج ة ا ��� � ب � ح�� ��ل�ه ب��د ا��م��ة���ل��� �و ���ط��ل� �م ب��� ��ا ب� لةر����� ������ ب� ا � ب���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب � ����ط�ب�س�� ا�ا�مر�����ل د ب� ر ل ل ب ب ج ة م �� ب ة ح�ب��د ا �م ا��م��ة���ل��� ��ا �ب�� ة� ب �م � ا � ا � � ب ��ة�� ة� بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل �����ا ب�� . ح ك� � او � ��ا �ل�� ��ة� �� ب� ح� رو و ح�د �مس ة ً ر � م ب � �م � � �ب ���ا ب� � ة ا ب��ل ���د ب��� ا ��ة��ة��ا �ع ب��د� ��ب� بد ��ل��ك ا�م ���ل ا �م�ا � ا �ب��ا �����ا ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ك� � ار � ح�ا ة��ة��� �ة��ل�و� ����ل��� � �وب�ا �� � ب� �س�� ة م م ب � �ل ب ب ب � �ب �ة � ا � ا �ب ب� ب � � ا� ب � � �ب ب �ب ب � � � �ة ة �ة ا � ���د ا �� د �ل�ك ا �ل�وك� � ل� � � ا � � ا ا � � � � � �ود � ح��ل �ل� �م�دة����� �ولر�ل �ة� � �مرة� ب�� ���� �ة� م� رول� م��ةس ل� � ة ب � ة �ب � �ب ب � � ا � ا ا� ا ب �ة�� �بر� ح�� �� ����ل��� �و�ه�و ا �ل��د �ة� � �� �� ��و�ل � �ل��ل�م�����ل��� �ب�ا � ا ب� ح�ا ���ه ب��ا �م بس ا ��م �� ح� ا �ب�� ���� �م� �مر��س ب � م بة م م م ح�ب �م �ة ا ����ا �����ا ��ب ا ������� � �لة � �������� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م� ا ��لب����م ���ط�ب�س �ة�ا ��ل ��ل��ل�م��ة���ل��� ا �ب�ا لبر� � �� ���ط��ل��� �م ب � و ر ب وج ب ب س ب �ة� م ة� رة� ة ب � ة � بع � ب � ة � ب � ة ب ب ة ب ب ة � ب� ب��ا ��س �م بس ب��م�ا ��� ا�م�����ل��� ا �ل��دةل بس ك� ح��ة�� ا � �ل�ر� ���ا � �ل او �و��مو�� �ه ب��ا ك ��ا �ل� او �ل��ل�م�����ل��� �ب�ا � � ��� ا �ل��د �ة� ب ة م م م حب�م �ة ا ����ا �����ا �ه ���ا �ه ب��ا �ب�ا ب �� �ب ب�� �� ب ة���م ��� ب��ا �م �ه� ا��م��ة���ل�� ��ا �ب ب � ��وا ح�ا ��� ا ب� �م � � � � � � ب �� ة � ع �� ر ب �و رل ة� ل � ة رة م رم م �وة� �مر�و� ا �م�ا �م��. حب� با � ب ��م � ا ة�� ب � ب ��ل�ه ب � ا � � ب � ا ��مب� � � ا �� �ع ب � ب ة �مر� ���ا � ���ب�� ب� ب �� ���ل ��ةس ��د ة� �و مر�و�ة� ب� ��� � �و���د ك ��� �ة� ��د ح� � ة م ة � ب �� �� �� � ا �ةل� ة �ة �� ب��� ة ��ا ب ا ����ا �� �ا ��ط��لم ب ������ � ب � ا��م��ة���ل��� �ب��ل�م�ا ���سم�� ة� �مب � � � ا ا ���د � ك � م � �� � �� � � � � ل � � � و ر ر ب � ة ب م ب ة ب ة� وة م م �ة � ب ب ب ب ا ب ب � ب ب ب ب ة ة ة ب � � � ��ة��� ب�ل���ة�ر ا د ���� . �و�م�ا را ��ة� ا ر�����ل ا �م ار�م�����ل�� �ة� � �� ��� �و�م� م��س�� �ل��ة� �م� ��ة��� حة��ً�د ����� ة م � ب � ا ب�ا ��� ّ � � � ب ا �ب �ل ب ا �م � ��ا �ب�� ��ب�م ل ب � � � � � ع � � � � � ا � ا ه � � � � � � � � � �������م � او �� �ة� ب�ر�مس ا �ل�� ك� ر و � ر ���ة� ل�و �م و لرع ب� ة��ل ة �و� ر ب ة � بر �ة� �ة� ب � ا �ب� � ب ا �ل��ل�ة�م ب �ب ا ��ل ��ب� برلر �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د ��ل��ك �مس ا �ل� ك� ��ا ر ا �ل����ود ا � �وة��. �و ة ة �ة� �ة� ب ة � با � � ا ب ا �ة �� ط ا ���ب ب���ل�م�ا �و���ل�� ا �� ا � �م ار �� � او �� � ���هر �و ب�����ة ب� �ع بس � �� او �ة� ب��ا �مة�����ل ة� ا �م�ا � � � � � � � � و ة ب ة م ع ا � ا � ا �ب�ة�س ة ة � ب � � ا � ب ب � � �� ا� �ة ب ب ا ل ا�م�����ل��� � ار��ة ة� � ح��دا � ا �م� � ا �ب�� ���� ح���� ع��د ة� ا �ل��مر �و مس د �ل�ك ا ب�� �� ب� ب� ح� �ل��س ر ب� ح��ل م �م �ّ �ة ب �� ب ا �� ا��م��ة���ل�� �� � ب�ا � ب ب � ب � ب ا ل � � س � ا � � � ا � � � ح � � ���د �د ح� �� � � 1 � . ه � م � � � ل ح�ا �ب�� �ل��ه ��ا �ة��� ة� ا ��ة� ا�م�����ل��� � � � ب���م ��ط�ب �� ة ً ل و ة� ب م ل م �ل ة م م م ة اب ة � ��ا ����� �ب�ا �� ة� �ة ��� �م ب ا �����ل��د � ������ � ب ب �ب ب �ب �� � ة �و���ة� �ب� � ب��بس�ة� ب ة� ة رة ب س ب و ر ب ح��ل �عرلةر �مر��س �ة� ا ����ر�ة�ل� � او ر�����ل �ب � � � حة ة� �ب ح�� ����ل ب���م ��ط�ب�س�� �ل�ه ب��د �ب�ا �ة� ��ط��ل ب� � �ة�� ب��ا �ة��ب�ة� ة� ا ب�� ة� �ب�ا �مرك ةلر�و� ������ ��� � � ��م � � � � ر ة� ة ج ة م ب � ���د ا ا�ا�م �ر�ب��س. ة أ 1ال��ص�ل :ا لم�����ل . م
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Chapter Eleven
fright and could no longer ride. Faced with this predicament, the chamberlain was uncertain what to do. He dispatched one of his men to visit the governor of Afyonkarahisar, asking him to send a surgeon to bleed the invalid. The imperial guard arrived and explained the situation to the governor, who 11.105 immediately called for a skilled surgeon to be dispatched to treat the young man. Now, by sheer coincidence, the imam of the pasha with whom we’d traveled to Afyonkarahisar happened to have come to town and was staying in his quarters in the pasha’s palace. When this fellow heard about the governor’s order, he weighed in. “There was a Frankish doctor who traveled with us from Istanbul,” he said. “He was the one who treated the pasha when he fell ill en route, and brought him back to health.” “I’ll ask His Excellency the pasha if we might make use of him,” the imperial guard replied. At that moment, some people in the governor’s coterie who were present informed the governor that the Frankish doctor who accompanied the pasha happened to be staying at a certain caravansary. Upon learning this, the governor ordered them to bring him in. This, then, was the reason for the appearance of those two individuals, 11.106 who ordered me to come with them to see His Excellency the governor. I was stricken with terror upon hearing these words, for I assumed that the pasha must have ordered the governor to arrest me when he found that I’d taken off without his permission. I got up from my seat and went with the two men, overcome with terror and fright. My thoughts turned darkly morose and my fear mounted as I imagined being flogged with a cane or shackled in irons. By the time we arrived at the palace, I was scared out of my wits. I presented 11.107 myself before the governor and noticed that the pasha’s imam was standing beside him, just as I feared. On the other side of the governor sat an imperial guard. “Is this the doctor?” the governor asked the imam. “Yes.” “The chief chamberlain is going to be passing close to town,” the governor said as he turned to address me. “There’s someone important traveling with him, and he’s ill. They’ve sent this imperial guard to us to ask for a doctor. Since you’re here anyway, would you be so kind as to go examine the sick man?”
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� ّ � ا ب �ب ��س� ا ��ل �وا ��س� . ��ل�� � ر ب� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ����ل ك�� حة�ب�ً�د ��� ة� ر�و��ة� ا �ة� �ل� �ة� ك��� ة� �مب� �� ة م � ع ا� ة �م�� ا � � ب �س��د � �ة� ا �ل حب� ة � ة � ة � � ا ب ا �م�� � ح�ة ا � �� � �� �سس���د ر ة� �م ب � ح� �� �مر� ا�م�����ل��م �ب �ل ��و��ة� �ل�� �ب� � �م� ����هة� � و ح� ة� س ةس �ب ا ب ب � ��مة � ��� ب م�ا ب � ا ��� ب � � ��� � ا � ح�� � �� ح�� �����ا د ��هة� ا � �ل�� �ة��د� ��ة� ر� او ��ة� �و�ه�و ��ة� ا �لب��ر�ة�� � ك�� � م� ب�ة ��و ب ح� �� �و��ل ب ح�د ��ة� �ل� ب� ل ب � �ة �ة � ب � � ا ح�ا ���را � �ل ب��بس �م���ك �و���د ا ب��ة�� ب�� �و��ك �م بس ب� ح��ل � �ة�� ا�م�����ل��� ا ب��ة��� ر�و� �ل�ا ب� ��� � او �ع�م��ل م � ب�� ح�ة�ر �و��� ر � ب ج ة ة ب ًا �� م �� ب ل ة � � � � ب ة � ب ب ح ب��د ا ��ة���ب ب ب ل ة ة ب ا ا ا ا � س �� � س ا ل �� � � � ح����� �م� بة ك ��� ب مط�ب�س� ة �م�ل��� �و� �لو���د ��� �ب� �ل�� ��ط� ا �ل ا ���د �� � ا �ة�� �م�م�ة� ا �لر� اوج � .ة� ً � ة� ة ة ة رة ب ب م � ا � ا � ا �ة ا � �ل��ل�م��ة����� ا ب � ا � ب � ب ا �� ب � ا ب � ب ة � � ب �مر���لة���. �مر� ا �ب��ا �����ا �ل�� ��ب� ل� �ب� ��� �ل� �ةل�لرم��ة� �ب� م���ة� �ل�� ح� ا �م� �م ا �ب�� ���� �و � �ل م � � � � � ة ب حب حة�ب��د ا �م ا�م��ة���ل��� ��ا ب� ة� � �� � او ��ط��ل�ة�ب�� �بر ب� ��ا ��� � او ر�����ل�� ��� د ��ل��ك ا �لب����م ��ط�ببس �مر� او ب� � ��� ة� ر ب ً ر ة � ة ة ة م ع � ب � ب � ح��ل� ة �� ة� ������ ��ا �بم ح�ا ب� � � ار � �و�� ��ة ��ب� ا �ة� ب� ا �ة� �ع ب��د رب���ة��ا �ة� � او �ب�ا �ر� ��� �م بس ����ل �ور ��ط�� � او � ك ح��ة مب ة � � � ب� ة � ب ا ا� ب �� �� � � �ب ة� ة � ب ��ا ب� ا ب�� ة� �م�ا �ور ا ���� �ع ب��د ا � �لة��ا ���ر ب��� �و�ة��ل�� ا ب� ك� ة�� �م� .حة��ً�د راج رة���ة� ح�� ا�م�د ل� ة ة ح�ا ��� ��ا ب �ب �ة��ب�� �م ا � ة ب � ب ا�� ة ب ب با با ح�ة �ب� ة ة اب � �سم ل ��� ا ��ة� ��مو��ة��� � او �� ل�ر��ة� د � اوب ��ة� ��ر�ة� �مس ��ة�ر �� ��س �� ب� ب ب � �ة� �ل � ة �ب������� �ر ة� � ب ب حب ب ح�ا � �لب��� ب � ب ا ة �ة ب ا ة � � �و�ل���د ب��د �ة� �م ب ك�� ���ل �ب��د �م ب������ا �ب � � �مر� او ����ب���� �� � حب� س ل� �� ��س���م�� �ل�لك ا �ة ��و�م��ةس �و س ة ةس ر ب �م ب � � � ا � ا � �� � ب ب ب ة ة ح ة � ا �� ا ب � � �ل ب ا � �لة ب � ب ا � ط � � ب � � ح س ا �� � � ��ط�لم � �ب��� �ة� � و �� �� ب �رب� �ة��ل� ا �ب�� ���� ة ب �ة� ب����د ل�لك ا �ة ��و�م��ةس ���� �ر ل����ل �و س ةة �م�دة�� ب��� ��م بو��ة���. ب ة ب � � � ��ا �ل���� ب �و� ح ب ����الةر ل بس ��� ا �����ر� �لة� راة�� ب��ا ب��بس ةس ��مرب� ب��ا ��ة ة� �م بس ب�ل���د ب��ا �ب ب�ل�ر�ة� �م ب��� � او � ح��د ر � ب س ب ة ة � ج ة ة � ا � ب �� ب ا �� �ب � ا �� ا �� �ة �ب �ة ا ��� � ب ب � � � � � ا � � م ح� ا ة� ل � او ب� حة�ب��ا ���ل�م�ا �و����ل �ل�ه ب��د� � � � �د ����ل �و���� �ل �عس لرو � ب� �ة� س ه�و ل�و ���� � �ر ب � ة �ة � ب ب �� ��ا ب� ا ��ل �� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ه�و ��� ا � �لة � � �ب���ل ب��ة� ���ط��لب��� �م ب���ك ��� �ة�م بو����� �و�ة��ل�� �ة�� ا � ب�ل�ر� �ة��ل�� �م بس �ةب���ل ا � �ل ب��بس ح�� ب ة ة � � ب ة ة ع م �� ب � ب � ا � � �� � ا � � ة ب� �ل � ��ب � �ع ب �ب ب� ��� � ا�ب � ا ب ب ع ���س � �م ب � ب ة � � � �� �مر� � � ح � � � س �� م � � � � � �م � � � � � � م � ب� �ل�ك � ب� �ل�ك � ة ة ة س رك �ل � ب� ب ة ة ر ل�ك � ر ة س � م ع ا �� �لة��س �ب ا ا � � �� �ة ا ��� � ��س �ًا �� ا � بب��� � ب� ح� ب� ا ل�� �ر ب �ة� �م�� �و�ط� �� . بة � � � ب � ب �� � ب� ب � ة ب � � ����� ب ح��ل� او �ل��ل�م�دة�� ب��� �ب���ل ب��ا �ل�ا�ب���� را ب� ةس ل��د ��س �م� رل� ��مب���� د �ل��ك ا �لب����م ��ط�ب�س�� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ا �عة��� �ود ب� ة م ة � �ب ب ب � � ب ا ��ل����م ���ط�بس � � ب � ا � ب ا��م��ة����� �� � ب � ا � ب ل � � ك �وك� �م � � ���ا � ا �ل���ب�� ب� �ه�وا � ب ب��� ا �ل�د ة� ا ب� ح� ع��د ل� �و�ط�ل ب� ب ار ار ة� �و ��ة� �ه�� ك ج ة م �ة �ة ب ب ب ب �ب � �ب ب���ل�م�ا �مر�م بس ���لة�ب��ا ا � �ل ب��ب�س� �ب���ر�ب�� د ��ل��ك ا �لب����م ��ط�ب�س� � او � �� �� �ل��ل� ب��ب�س���ع ب��� �ب�ا � ���د ا ا �ل��د �ة� �م�ا را د ح� � � ة ة ة ة ة ة
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Chapter Eleven
At these words, I felt my spirit and senses come back to life, and I quickly 11.108 apologized to His Excellency the governor, explaining that I didn’t have my doctor’s kit with me. “What good would it do for me to go out and see him in the middle of nowhere, a place without any of the things I’d need to treat him?” “Go as a matter of respect for the chamberlain,” the governor urged me. “Do whatever you can, under the circumstances, and there will be something in it for you.” The imperial guard also tried to talk me into it, promising I’d make a pretty penny, but I dug in my heels. That was when the pasha’s imam turned to the governor and told him not to force me, since I was under the protection of the pasha. So the governor had a surgeon summoned to be dispatched with the impe- 11.109 rial guard, and allowed me to depart. I returned to my companions, feeling overjoyed that I’d somehow managed to get out of that jam, and told them the whole story. My friend Ḥannā went to tell our muleteer that if he wasn’t planning to travel soon, we’d be finding someone else to take us. “There’s a caravan ready to depart for Konya, and every one of my beasts has a rider, so we can go,” the muleteer replied. “We’ll be setting off the day after tomorrow, without fail. Get your affairs in order.” We bided our time anxiously over the next two days, fearing that the pasha would summon me. But they passed without incident, and we left with the caravan as planned, arriving in due course near the city of Konya. While we were on the road, we happened to see the chamberlain pass by us 11.110 with his forty cavalrymen. One of their company peeled off and galloped over to our caravan. “Who’s the caravan chief here?” he asked when he rode up, and was directed to our muleteer. “The chamberlain asks that once you arrive in Konya you send him the Frankish doctor who is traveling with you,” he said. “Don’t let him out of your sight, no matter what! If he disappears, you’ll have to answer to His Excellency.” “It’s as good as done, sire,” the muleteer replied. The guard then set off to see his master. They entered the city before us, as 11.111 they were riding postal horses. The reason for all of this was that the guard who had gone to the governor to request a surgeon had seen me at the palace, and had in fact spoken to me there. When the chamberlain’s party passed us, the
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�ة ا� � � ب ب ب � � ب ا ��� ا ب ب ة�� ����ه � . حة�ب�ً�د ا �مر� ا � �ل ب��ب�س�� �ب�ا � �ة���ب��� ����� ا � ل ���ر� او � �ب� ��ة� �ب� ��� �ة��دلةر �ب� �ل�� �ة��ل� ا �عة� ب� �عس ب ة� ة� ة ة � ب اً � ب ��� � ب � � ب � � ب � ب � ح��ا ��� ا � �لة��ا ���ر ب��� ���د ا ا ك� �ب�ب� �� �م ا �� ��ط��لم � �ل ا � � ���ل� � ا � ��� ح�د �ة� ا �لر�ع ب� ا �ة�� �مر� ا �ة� ���ل �م� ة ب �ة� � �م� ا ك ة ة م ّٰ ب � � ة �ا � ة ���ل�� �م ب ��ة ��ب� ا ��ب� �م�ا ب ب� � ح��د� �ب �لة�� ��� ا �ل�ا ب�ر� ب��اة� ك� ا � � ���ل� ����ة� ا لل� �و����ل�م� ا �ل��م�ور و س س ة ع ة ّٰ ة � لل� �ل���ا �ة�. ب ة ة ب ب ا �ب � ة ا � �ب ب ا �ب �� � ة �� ب � ب ا �� ا �ب � ب ك��م �ر� �ة� ا ����ر�ة�ل� ا �ة� ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� �م�دة����� ��مو��ة��� �� �مر�ة� ا � �ل�� ���ر ب��ة� �ب� �ة� ا م���ة� �ة � � ب ب ���بد ا ا �ب�ا �م�ا �م�ور �م ب � ������ � ���د ا �و�ة�� �ل�ا �� � حة� �� ب��ة��ب� بر��ل �ل�ا�ب�� � ح��ل ب��ا ������ ��� ��� �مر�ة ا � �ل ب��ب�س�� �ب�د ب� حب� س ة� ة ة � � � ب ح�ةه ب ا � ����ل ب ا � ا � ا � ا � ب �� ا � � � �م ب �ة�� � � ح� �� ر�� ���ط د � او ��� ��بم�ا ��ل �ور � ح�ا �� ا �ب���ل��د � �� و �� و �ل� بح� �ة� ��ح� وة�� ا ��ة� ا �� � ب ب ة ل س ب س م � � � ة �ة � ا � �ب � ا ��مب� � � ا �� �ع ب � ب ة ح�د ب�� ����ط�ببس �و������ � او � �مر� ح ��� �م بس ب��م�ا ��� ا � �ل ب��بس�� �و مر�و ة� ب� ��ة� ����� ة� ��د � م ة ة �ة � ب ب ب ب ا �� �لة��س ب ��� ا ���� ا ب� �و����ل ب��ا ا ���� �ة ب��ا �ة� ا � �ل ب��بس �� �ك��مر ة� ��� ��� �ب�ا �����د �و ��ة� ��ة� د ر ب �ود � ح��ل�و��ة� � ة ة بب � ج م ة ا ة �� �ة ا �م� � ا ل ب��ب�س��. م ة ة ا� ا ب ا ة ة ب � �ب �ل ا ة � � ة ا � ب � ب ب ب � ��� �ة�ا �ل�ه �م ب � � � � � ا � � � � �م� ا �م���ل� ا �م� �م� �� �مر ا ة� بل���ةس ل��د ر �و ��ة� �م� د ا �م� رد � ب �ة� ع ب �ة� س � ة ب � �ب ة ة ةة ة ����� � ���لة���ل�� ا �ل� ب� ا ا ب� �� ب� �ة �� � ا ة ة �س��د �ة� ا � ا �ل�د �ة� ح��� ر� .و�ك�ة�ً�د ا ر�� ةم�� �و�ب���ل� ا �� و � ��و �ة� � ة ة و رة � ب ة ب ب ة ة ب � ب � �ه� ا � �م�ا ���ه � ب ا ح� ة �س��د �و�� ا �ل � �مب��س ب�� �ع ب ا �� ا � ���م �� ب� حك�م�� � بو�ل���ة�ر� �م� �ب �ل��د ر �مر� �م� و ر ة� س ة �ة� ة �ب ب � � ب ا �ل �� ب ة ب ب � ة � ب ا ا � ا�� � ح�� ��ك� . ا � �� ح� حة��ً�د ر�و�� � او �مر�ة� �ب� ب��ل�و��س � او ������و�ة� ح�د �و���د ا ك�� � ا �ل���ب�� ب� �و��حجرلةر�ة � �ب�ب�س ا بم �ة � ��ح� �ة��ب ا � � � ��ة�� ة� ا�ا�م �ر�ب�� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ه�و ������ �م����ل �م�ا �مر ا �� ك� � ���ل�� � ح� ك ل ��د� � � �ه�و بو ب� � � ة س ��� ر ة ة ��ة� م � � ب � �ل� � � � � ب ة ب ��� �� � � � � ب بب � � ة � ����ا � �لة�ً�ا � .ب ����ة� �ب�ا ��ة� ا لر�ل �ل�ه ب��د ا�ا�م �رة�ب��س �و�� ب��� � او �ب��د �ل حة��ً�د ���ة� ب�م�ل� ��ط��� ا � ك�ل م و ر ب � � ً ب � � ب ا ب �� � ا ا ا ة ب ب ح�ل� �ل� � ا �ة� �م�� �����د �ود� ���� ّ �مس ا �ل�����ل�� � � ح � ��ب��� ��� ب� ك���ل ب� � ح��د �ة� �ب� �ة� ا ��ة ��� �� ب ب��� ����ة� ة� ا ّٰلل� ��ا � �س��د �ة�. ة ة � ب � ب ب ب ب ح��د �ة ة ب ا ا ا � � � ب ب � � ح�دا �م�� �ب� ��� ة�م���� ����ه� ا ��ة� �ع��د ا��م �ر���س ��ل�م� د � ح��ل� �و ب� ح�د �مس � حة�ب�ً�د ا �مر � او � ة ة ة ��� ب بب � � ة ب ب ب � ا ة ب ة ب �ب � ا� ب � � ة ب �� ة ���د ا ا �ل��� ب� ا��م �رة���س م�ل�� ���ة� ا � �ل� ار ��س �و�ه�و ب�ة ��� �م���ل ا �ل����ةس ��ل�م� � �ل�ر���� �ة��� راة����� �و�ه�و �ب � � ة ��� ب ب ج� ب ع ��� ��ا ب � ة �ب جة ب ب ا �ب ة �ب �� ��ب ا � ب � �لة � � ��� �و س م � � � � س � � � ا ا � � ل � �د � م � � � م � � � � ك م ل � � � � � �� � � � � �و�� ة ة� ب ر �ة� ة� و ر ر ة� ر ة ة �ة� �م�� ر � � ٰ ب ا� �م ب ب � ا ا ��م� � � ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل� �كة ة� ا ّلل� �ةل���ا �� ��ل�� ا�م � ا ��� ب��ل ��د ا ��������ة� ��ة� ا ��سة�� �م� ��هة� ��ة� �ب� �ة� ة� � ����ل وم و ة� ب و ج
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Chapter Eleven
guard recognized me and told the chamberlain I was the one who had refused to return with him. That was when the chamberlain ordered him to warn the caravan chief to keep his eye on me and prevent me from disappearing till they summoned me. When our muleteer told me all this, I was seized with fright again. It seemed I’d fallen out of the frying pan and into the fire! All I could do was put my trust in God and my fate in His hands. We arrived in Konya, and the muleteer demanded that I accompany him to 11.112 the place where he would be staying. “That’s how it has to be,” he said. “I’m under strict orders from His Excellency the chamberlain.” We went into a stable with him, where he tied up his beasts. No sooner had we arrived than a constable appeared, representing the city’s governor. One of the chamberlain’s imperial guards was with him, and they ordered me to come with them to see His Excellency the chamberlain. We went to the chamberlain’s lodgings, and I was escorted up some stairs and brought before the man himself. “Why didn’t you want to come with my attendant when you were in Afyon- 11.113 karahisar?” he asked, regarding me with a baleful eye. “Please forgive me, my lord!” I cried, throwing myself before the chamberlain and kissing the skirt of his robes. “It would surely have been a great honor to oblige Your Excellency’s wishes, but I was unable to do so for lack of a doctor’s kit! Without it, I’m unable to treat anyone. This was the reason for my response, I swear it!” Hearing this, the chamberlain’s temper eased, and he invited me to sit down. After I was served some coffee, he told me the tale of the sick young man who was with him, as recounted earlier. He said a few things to butter me up then urged me to examine the patient and treat him, and do all I could to help him recover swiftly. “I’ve been granted only so many days by the sultanate to deliver him,” he explained. “I’ll go if you insist, God help me!” I replied, consenting to his request. The chamberlain ordered one of his servants to take me to the sick young 11.114 man, whom I found lying on a mattress, huffing and puffing like a dragon. When I examined him, I found he had a burning fever, as hot to the touch as though he’d been thrown into a furnace. I was at a loss. How was I supposed to treat a man in his condition? Then, quite out of the blue, Almighty God—His
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� ب � � ب �م �� � ح�ا د �م�� ا�ا�م ة��م ب ���ل��� ��ا ب ة� ب ح�ابل ب��� �م�ا ��ل�� �ر �ب�ا ر��ر �و�م�ا ا � �لورد ب��ا ب� �� ��ط��لب� ة� �م بس ب� �و س ة ب � ح� ر ة� ب ة ب � � ��ة���� �م�ل�� ب� �م بس ا�ام���ا �م��ل�� �و�ة�� ا �مب���� � او ������ةر�ة� �م بس ا�ام�دة�� ب��� �و ب�� � ب � ب � � ا � � �ود ع��د ة� � او �ربج ا �ع ��ط� �ة� س ة� ة �ب ة ا �ل��د �ة� �ب��ر�ة��د�. �ب ا ة � ة ب � � � � ب ����� �ع ب��� �ل�� ة���لة���ل�� ا �ع ������� ا �� � ا � � ب ا �م� �ب��ل� ا � ة ة� و ح�د �مس ب��م� �عة���ك ة�م���ة� ����هة� ا �ة� ح�د ا ����ة س ب ل �ب ب ة ا ��ل��� �ة � ة ح�ب��د ا ���� ��� ا ��� ب��� ب �م ب ��م�ا �عة��� � ب ح��دا ر��� ح�ة� ا ������ر�ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ب��ة����ور�ب�ا� .ة ً ر �ل �ه� ةس س ب ب� �و� �و� ة ة ب � �ب ب ب ا � � ة �ب � ب �م ة� ا ����ا �� ��ا��� ا ��ل��� �ة �� � ح��د �ع ب��د ا � �ر �ب�ا ر��ر ��م�ا ا �ب�لو ب� ح��د. �م� ل ل �ل �و� ��ة� ب ��ة���� ا �ة� ا �ل�� ��و�� �� ر �ب ة � ب � ب ب �ة � ب ا ب�ة� ة ب ة حة��ً�د � ل ��ر� �م�ا د ا ا ����هة��� �ع�و��س ا �ب��ا ر��ر��ا �����ر��ة ة� ب��م��ل�� �م بس ا �لب��ر�ورا � �و ��طج�مر�ه ب��د �ة� ً � � � ة ب ة ةة � ّ ح�ا �� � �م�ا ا �ل� د � � ة ����ا ا ��� ا � �لةه ب��ا �ة� � ���� � 1م�ا ا ب� ب ب � او ب� س و ور ور ب � �مس ا �ل����و�� � ����د �م ا ��ة� ���� را ب� ة� وب ل رج � ب � ا � � � �ة �ة � ب ة ب ب ة ب ح��ل مس ا �و�ل�د ا �ب��ل�د �و �� �ب� ر���د ب� �ود �ع ب��د � او � � او � ح��د ح��د ر ب� �ر �ب�ا ر��ر ���لة���ل�� �ل�ه� ������� ��ة� �م�و ب�� ة� ة ة م � ب ً � ب� ة ا �ب ��ل�ا ب� � ب ب �و�� ل� �وب��ا �ة��ل�� �ة�ا ب� ح��د �و� �ب�ا ����س �م بس ��م ب���. طهر� �� ح��ل ا �ل��دةلس ������ ٢ك �م� �ب�ة�ر�ة��د �ة� �� � ��س ة اب � ب ��ل�� � ا �ع ����� ة� ا ��ل�� ب � ا ة� ٣ا �� � ا � � ب ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ��� ك�� ة� و ب رور ح�د �م � ة ���م � او �م �ر�� �ب� ��� ة�م���ة� �ل م � � � �� �� ا ب � �ب � � � � ا ���� ا � �لةه ب��ا �ة� � �و��د �ة�م او ا ��لب�� بر�ورا ة� �و��ب��ة���� او ا �ل�س�مر�ه ب��د �ة� � او �ل�ا ب� ا �� ح� س � او �ل��ر ا �ل�د ة� ���� ة����س ة ة ة ة ب ا � ب �ب ب � � ا ��ة�ب ة �� ب � ا ب ب ة ة � ب ة ب � ا � ب ب � � ال �ر ب� حة��� ا �م �ر�� �ب� ��� �ة�ل � �� �مس ب�ل���د ة�������� �ة� �م� � �� او ا �ل������ةس �مك� ا �م �ر����م �و ��ة�� ا �ة� د �ل�ك � � � � ب ة بة � ���د ا ا �ل �� ح��ل �و���لة���ل�� �ة��د �ل ب��� اةل بس �ة �لو ب� � �ب�ا � ح�د ا �لر ب� ح�ابل ب��� ا �م����� ����ه� �ك ب�س�هة���. بر ب ة ة ة ة ب � ب ح�ب��د د ��ل ب�� �� � ب�ة ا ح�ا ��ل�� ��� د ك� ���ا �ب�� �وة��� ���د ا ا �لر ب� �ود �ع ب��د� ح��ل �م�و ب�� �ة ً ة� �ة� ر ب ح��ل ا ح�ة�� ر ب� س ة ة� � � �ب �� ب���ة حة���ا � ���ط��ل� ة� �م ب��� � �م ���ط��ل� �و��ك �و�مب���� �بك�ةح�سة��د �م��ة ا ��� �ع ب��د بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� �ر ا�ام�د �ل� � � � ر و ر ب و � ب ة ة ب ة� ة �ب � � ب � ة � �ة � � لس� ب � ا ا ��ة � �لب ح ب �د ب�ح�ة � �� ب � � �ح��د �و�ة� � او ب�رب� �م ب��� ���لب��� ع��د ة� �لك�س ب������� رة� ب �م�� ب� ح� ب �� ه� ة��ً � ج م ج ب � �ب �� � �ب � ة ا ب� �ة ب ب ����� � ��ه � ح�� ا ب� ة � ��ا �بك�بحس�ة�� ة� ا � ب � ة ��� �م���� �ر رة�� ��و��ة�� ��ط�ل ب� �ة� �ح�س � دا� � ح � �م و ة� ب ل�� �م����� ب ر ة � ب � ا ��لب�ة���� � �ب ّ ع��م ب�ع ��� � �م ب ����لة���ا �م ب��� ��ا �ل ب�� � � ���� ة� ا ��� بد ��ل��ك ا ب��ل ح��دا ر � او �م �ةر�� �و ب� �ع��مر�عر��س �و ة ب � �� � �� و � س ة ب ة� ر ر ة � � ب �ب�ا � ة�ل���د �ل�� ا�امب���لب� . � ب �ع � ب ب ا � �� ة ب ا �ة �ب ب ��ل ا � � ة �م ب ب �� � ا ��ل ��ل � � ��ببس ��ا ب� ب� � ����ة�ر � او ����ة�ة�ة��� � � او ب� ح� ك د ح��د�ب�ا ا ب��ر �و م� � ��ة���� ا �ة� ا �له�� � ��مة� ا�� �ل ة � س ل�ك ب ر ة � � ا ���� ا�ا�م �ر�ب�� �و�ل���د� ا �����س��لب� ة� �م بس �ةل��ل�ك ا ��لب�� بر�ورا ة� �����ا ك� ����ا ����� � او ����ة�ة�ة��� ��هة� �و�و ب� ���� ة� ة ة س ب 1ال�أ�ص� :ا �ل��ت�ه ف���ا ف ٢ .ال�أ�ص� :ا �ل�ل ف�� � ف ٣ .ال�أ�ص� :ا �ل�� ف ا ت �. � ل فرو تس ل ل
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Chapter Eleven
name be praised!—inspired me with an idea I wouldn’t otherwise have had. I turned to the servant assigned to attend the young man and asked him to bring me a bezoar stone and some rosewater.54 “I don’t have any,” he replied, taking out a pouch full of coins. “Go into town and buy whatever you need.” I wouldn’t accept the pouch and told him instead to give it to one of his 11.115 men, who should then accompany me to the souk to buy what we needed. He chose two footmen to accompany me, and we went to the souk. I asked the shopkeepers for bezoar stones, but nobody had any. What could I give the young man to drink instead of bezoar stones? I bought a bunch of seeds, tamarind, pears, and rosewater, then headed back to the chamberlain’s lodgings. As I was leaving the souk, a local man approached me. “Are you looking for bezoar stones?” “Yes.” “I know someone who’s got them,” he said. “But he won’t put them out for sale because he’s afraid that the people you’re with won’t pay a fair price.” When I heard this, I handed the seeds to one of the footmen and ordered 11.116 him to return to the chamberlain’s lodgings and have the seeds pounded, while the tamarind and pears were to be macerated to soften them. Meanwhile, I told the footman who was carrying the pouch of money to stand at a distance and wait for me. The two did as I asked, and I turned to the man from the souk, asking him to lead me to the bezoar stones. “Come with me,” he said. He took me to see an old man sitting in a shop.
11.117
“This is the fellow who has what you want,” he said, and left. I approached the old man and asked if he had any bezoar stones. “I do. Will you pay a fair price?” “Yes.” He opened a case and took out a box with five stones in it. I selected the finest among them, an olive-colored one. He demanded fifteen piasters for it, and I managed to bargain him down to twelve. Then I went to find the footman and ordered him to pay the man. The stone in hand, we headed back to the chamberlain’s lodging, where 11.118 I immediately grated it into a large cup and gave it to the sick young man to drink. Then I squeezed the juice from the seeds into another large cup and gave him that to drink as well. I mixed some vinegar and rosewater in a vase
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� ب ب �� ب ب � � ��بل � بة ح��ل �و�م�ا ا � �لورد ��ة� ا �ب�ا � او �م �رة���� �ب�ا �ب���� �ة��د �ه �� او ا �� ار ��� �ب��د �ل�ك ا ب� ���ل � او�ام�ا �ورد � بو�ل���د� � �ل��� ة� م م ة �ا ب � ب ة ةة ب ح�ا �� ا�ا�م�ا د ا ��ب � � ة ة ة ب �� � ب �مس ا ل�س�مر�ه��د �ة� � او �ل� ب� س ر ة� و �مر� �و�ك� ا ����هة��� �مس ا �لب��ر�ورا � �و�و�ك� ا �ر ب � � ب � ب� ة ا ����ةه � �م ب ا�ا� ا ء ���طج �ه ب�د � � � �كة ة ا ����ةه � �م ب ا ��ل � �را �ب��ا ر��ر �و�ل�ا ر�ل ة� ا ����هة��� �م بس ���د � ة�� س م� �مر � ة� وو � ة�� س ب � � ب � ب ة � بة ة � ة� �ع ب��� ا �ل��� بس �� ح�� ا �ل�ا�مة��ا � ا �ة� � ةس ا�ام����ا ء � ار ��ة��� ا �����را � �و�ب ك ع�ب��� �و ب� � �وب�� �و��� ح��ل��س �م � �� ��س�و�ة� � �ة ج ة ج �ب ب � � � ب � � ب � ب ة ة ب ب��بس ا ب ة �ه�و� �بك����ا ��ة��� �ع بس � ��ة ��ب�ة�ة���. �� � � � �ة� � ار ���� .حة��ً�د ��ط�ل ب� ��لة ��و� ���س �و ب بة �� ٰ ا� ح ة�� . ح�ا ��� ا �ب� ا �����ةر� �ر ّلل� ل �� ا حة�ب�ً�د �ود �عة��� � او �و��ة�� ة� ب� � ح��دا �م�� �ب�ا �ب���� �ل� �������� ا �ل��س ل بر ة ة م � �� ط�ع ة ��� � ة ب ة � � ا� � �� ب ب ة ا �ة ب ة ة ة ا ب ب � � ح � � � � ة��ل �م�و� ��ة� ا �لب���� ��ة�ر �ل�لك ا�مة�� � �و�ر بح� مس ع��د� �ة� ا ر�وج ا �ة� ع��د ر���� �ة� ة� ب � � ب ا ا ا� ب� ب �� ا � ا ا � � ب � ا �ة ا �� �لة��س ا � ب ا �� � � �و ب���ل �ر�و ب �ة� مس �ب� ب� �م� ر�ول �و �ل� �و � �و ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ح�د مس ب �م� �� � �م � �� ل � بب �ة� رة� ب� ةرب ع � ا �� �لة��س �ب ��� ة ������ � �����د ة �ب بد �� � ا ��ل��د � � د ب ح��ل ة� ا �� �ع ب��د ا � �ل���س �بك����ا �ل ب�� �ع ب � � � � � ل � ك ب ب ب و ر و � � � ة� س بب��ة� ر ة ة ب ة� ج � � � � ّٰ � ا �ة ا � �ة � ا �ب��� �� ب � � ا �� �ة ة ة لس� ب ب ح�ا ��ل ا�ا�م �ر�ب�� ب��ا ب� � حب�ة��� ا ��لم�د لل ���� ر �مو ة� ب ��م�ط د �ل�ك ل�وك� �و��� بة ل �م��بس �����ا ر ��د �ة� س ة� ج ة � � � ة ب ب اب � �ب����ا �ب ا ب� ة ا �� لبرد ���ل���ك ا ب�ل �وا ب� ا ب� ك� ��ا ب� ا � ة � �م���ك �����ا �ر �ة���. �س�ة��ا �م ����� �م�ا �ه�وا �ل�� بةلس � ب�� �� حب���� �ب� ل�ر ة ر ة ب � � ة ب ب ب � ة � ب � ب ب � � اب � ب ا �ل� � � �� ا ا ب ب � حة��ً�د ��ط�لب�� �م��� ا د � ح�ة� ا م���ة� ا ��ة� �م��ر�و ��ة� �م� ر���ة� � او �مر�ة� �ب� ب �ل�و س �و �مر �ب� � � � ة ب ب ة �ه�و� �و���لة ��و� �ة�� بس. ةب حةب� �� او ��ة� � � � ب ا � ة �ة �ه�و� �ب����ا ر ة�����ا �ل ب��� �م بس ا �ة� �ب�ل�� د ا ب�� ة� ا ب� حب�ة��� ا �ب�ا �م بس �ب�ل�� د � ح��ل ب� �ب����د �م� ��مر��ب� ا � �ل � ة �ب ب ب ب � � بب ب ح�� � اوب ��ة� � �ة�� ��ة� � ح��ل ب� � او ��س�م�� ب��ة��د ا �و ���ل�م�ا �م�ا ة� اب ��ة� �وك��� ة� �و�ل��د ر��ة�ر ��ا ر�����ل�و��ة� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د م � � �ع�م ا ��ل�� بد �� �ه� ��ب �م�د �� ب���ة �م ��س���ل��ا ��ب ��ل�� د ا �� ب�ل� �ب����ا � ��� ب���ل�م�ا �ةل����ل�م ة� ا ��ل � �� ح�م�� �ه ب��ا ك ��ط��لب� ة� �ة� ة و ة� ة ر ة ة ة� ب ر وة ب ة � � ة ة ب ب � � ب � ا ���� ��ل�� د �� ب� � ح�� ���د � ا � �ل�ر ب� حة� ة� ��ة� �مرك�� ب� ا ��ة� �مة�ب��� ا ر�م�ة�ر �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك �� � � � � ا �لرب��وع ة ب ة ة� �ب � بة ة ا ا ب �ب � � ا �� � � � ا ا �� ب� � � � ب ة �� ��و�ل �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك ر� ���� �ر �ة� ا �لب� ر �ة� ح�ل ب� �ل� ب� �س��د �و�� ح��ل ل�ر بح� �و �م�دة����� ا ��م �� ب � � ب � ب � � ا ��ل � �� ح��ل ب� � او �ل�ا� ا �ب�ا �م�ا ب���� ا �ة� �ب�ل�� د �ة� � ح�م�� ا ر�����لة��� ��ة� ا �بل�سر ا �ة� � ح��ل ب�. ة ب ةا � ب ب � ب ة ب ا �� ا ا ب��ا � ا �ب ة �� � ط �� ك� �� ��ب� � � � � � س � ���ا � �� ا �� ب� �مس ب�� ر ا � �ل� �ر���� � �و�� ب ح�ل ب� �وك ة ح� ب� �و���ة� ا �� ك�� �مرب��ة� ة ة ب ��ا ب ب ب ب ب ب ب ب ا ا ا ب ح�� ا � ط�س � �وا ب� �وا ب� �س�س � ح�� ����ة�ر�و� �و�� �و�� بس �� �� ب �ة� ك�� � ح�� �ب� را � � بو�� ���� �ة� �ور�و��س �و� ة مو� � او س �� ة ا ة ب ب �� ��ب ة � � ب � او � � � � ا ب� ب ا ��ا ب � ة � ة � ح�د ة��س��مة� ��و ح�� ر��ب�� �و �وك�� � �ةل�ل����س لر �ة� �وك��� ���ة�ر ا �و�� � ا ر�ور� � او ��مرب� �مس ب ��ا ب ب �مب ب � �ع ب��د� �ع�ب��ر��� �وك�� � �ع��د� � ���ا ب� ة ب� �حج بر ب�� ا ��س�م�� ا �ب� ���ط�و ب� ك� حب���� ا �ل�ه ب�ب��ر��� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� � ة ة ة� ة
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Chapter Eleven
and told the attendants to daub his extremities with it, while I macerated some more tamarind and Mardin pears. I alternated between giving the young man the juice of those seeds to drink, and the water from the tamarind and bezoar stones, and did not stop until the evening. Finally, the fever broke and the young man recovered. He opened his eyes and sat up in bed. He requested his pipe and a cup of coffee, and I asked him how he was feeling. “I’m feeling better, thank goodness,” he replied, and I bid him farewell and 11.119 instructed his attendants not to let him consume anything besides the fluids I’d prepared. As I headed out to rejoin my companions, one of the chamberlain’s men met me at the door and ordered me to come and see his master. I accompanied him to the chamberlain’s residence, and went upstairs to find him waiting for news of the invalid. “He has recovered, thank goodness,” I informed the chamberlain, to his great pleasure. “Can we travel tomorrow?” “I’ll let you know tomorrow morning,” I said. “If he remains in the condition he’s in now, then you can travel.” I then asked permission to return to my house, but he refused, invited me to sit down, and ordered his servants to bring me some coffee and a pipe of tobacco. “Where are you from?” he asked, after I’d had some coffee.
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“I’m from Aleppo,” I said. “My father was a doctor named Bidaut; he died when I was a young boy. I was sent to the land of the French to stay with my uncle in the city of Marseille. After studying medicine I wanted to return to my homeland, so I boarded a ship to Izmir, and continued on to Istanbul. From there, I decided to travel by land to Aleppo so as to take in the sights, and had my doctor’s chest forwarded to Aleppo by sea. I’m on my way back to Aleppo as we speak.” “I used to be a customs officer in Aleppo!” the chamberlain said. “Many 11.121 of the French merchants were friends of mine. Let’s see, there was khawājah Sauron, khawājah Bazan, Bonifay, Rousseau, and Simon. My best friend of all was a fellow named khawājah Rimbaud, who used to speak Turkish. I used to visit him often, and sample some of his flavored liqueur. As I recall, he had a warehouseman named Anṭūn who’d fetch it for me.” At this, my blood ran cold. For I thought he’d recognized me and seen through my lie, as khawājah Rimbaud had been my master and that of my
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� اب ب ب ب ة ا ب � ا ب �� ��ل�� � �ةلب���� ة� ا �� �ل ا ��ب � ب� ب ة ب � ا� ب ا ح�� ر��ب�� �و ����ل ك�� م ة ر و ة� و ����ة�� ا ��� �عر��ة� �و��ب��ةلس �ل�� �ب� �ة� ل��د ا ب� �ل� � ��و ب �ب ةب ب ��ب� ة� ا ب� � � � ب ��ور �ه�و ������ل��م �و����ل��� ا ب��� ا �ب� ���ط�و ب� � او �ب�ا ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ك� ا�ام�د ل�� ح�د �ل�� ا �ل�ه�ب��ر�ة�� � او ���� ��ة� م ة ة� ا �ب ب � ا � ب �ب ب � � � �ة ة ��ب ة � � ب � ب ب� � ة �ب � ا ب ة ب ة � ح�د �م��� �و �ة� ا �ب��ةلس �ل���ة�ر� ��لة��� �و�م� �عر�ة� �ل��ة� �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�وك� ك��� �و�ل�د ابلس ا ل ��ة� �� � ب ب ب حة � ة ا ّٰلل� �ةل���ا �� ا ��ل�� بد � �م�ا �ع �ب ب .ا ب ح��ًرا ���ط��ل� ة� �م ب��� ا بد ب� � � �س��� �و��ة��� �و���س ل ��ر� ة� ة� � ة ب ة� ر�ة� ع��مر � ب �� �ة ب ا �ة ا م���� ا �ة� �� �ة�. ة � ب �� ب� �ة ا �مب ح�ة �ة���م �ب� ��� ���د ا ا�ا�م ���ب �ب ا ب��� ��� ��ب ة���ا �م��ك �و�ةل���ا ��ل ا �� ���ا �ه ب��ا � � � �� ل � � � � � ة� � ��ة� �ة� و س ب س ة� ة رة س ة� ر �ة� � � � ب � ب ة ب ب � ب با ة � ب � ب ب � ح�ةة� �����ا �ر�م بس ك����ل �ب��د ���ة���ل ة� �ل�� ���� ا �ل ار ��س �� ا �ل����ةس �و م� ��ة��� �مس �ع��د� ا ��ة� �ع��د ا ر�� ��ة� م � ة � � � ب � ب �ا � �ب ة �وك� �ة� ة� ����� ب ب��مة�� ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� مس ا �ل��ول� ح� ���ا �ب�ل او ��ة� ا ����� ب��د ا ر�ة� � �وب �لة�ه� �ب�ا ����� �ع ب��د �ة� �� ا � ك ة ٰ م م م ع ا �ة ب ة ا �� ا�ا� ب � �ب ا ب��م��ه ب ا ا ّ � �ة� ا �� م�ة��ه�� �و���س ل� ع�ب��ا � �كة�ب��ا � بو�ل���د� ر��د �ب�ا ب�����ل��� . ة� �ر� ة �� لل ل�� ة� ���ة� م ة � �� ب ا ا � ب � ب ب � ب � ة ا� ب ب � ب ب � ب ب �و� ا ��ة� ا � �م���� �م بس ا �ل��لة���ل �����ب��� ا �و ا ����ر �� ب� ح� �ة� ا �����ةس ب � �ه�و�ة� ح�دا ر��ة� ا��م �رة���س �و��ب � ة � ة ا� ة �بب � �� ب �م�� ب�� ب � ة ا �� �� ا �ع �ب ا��مب�� � ا ب ا ��ل � ا ة ح ة� �م ب � ا � � ا � � � � � � � م � � � ل ��� � ل� هو�ةس و �وة� ب �ل �ة� �ة� �ل � ب� ر ب� �و� ر ب س ب رة� وس � � � � � ب � ة ب ا ا �م ة� ا ����ا ���� � او ب�ل � ��س� ا �ل ��ة�� ة� ��� �و�م ب� ��� � او �ب�ا �م� �وا ��س �و� �� � ��لة� � � ة ���م �ب� � �ة�ل��و�ل� او ��ة� �م� �ه�و ر م ب �م ج �ع � �� ا ب�� ا � ا � �د �مب ا ة �ة ا �� ّ ا ��ل����� � ة ��� ة� ا � �م�� ا ����� ��بم�ا ح� �� �� ��ا ��� ط�س ل ب � � � � ا م� ل ح� � � � � � � � م � � ب ب� � ة � ح�ة� ر ب و � م ر ب ة� ة س ب ةب وة� ب ة ج ً � ح�� ��ل�� �ةل��ل �� ب ة �و�ة�ا ��ل ��� ��م ار �ب�ا ب� ا �ل�ا ب��� ب�ل���د ب�ر�و ب� � �م ب �ع ب�د� ا � � ا ب � � � او ك���ل �م��� �����د ا ر ة ح�ك س � مر ب� � ة ب ةب �و جب ب ب ب ة � ة ب ة ب ب ة ا ب ب � � � � � � � ا ��� � او �ل�د ة� �����ل �م��� �و� ������ ���ة� ����د ر� �وم�و�� �������� ���� ر �ع��د ة� �����ل�و�م ا ����ل �ة ة ب ة ب ���ا ��ب� ��ل بس � ب � ��ا ب ة � � ���لة���س د ا �ة� �م بس ا � �ل ب��ب�س��. ا ���د ك� ر� � �وب �ل�هة� �ة� �ة��د ة� ���د ر ك ة ة �ب � ا ب ة ب ا �� ب � � ا� ب� ب � ب ة � ب ا� ب ب ة ب ح�ا ��ل�� ل ��� ا �����ا ���� ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا�م� ر�و�ل د � �ل�م� ا �� � ح��ل� ا ��ة� �ع��د ا��م �رة���س � ارة����� ��ة� � ةر ة� ة� �ة � ب � � ا� �م�� ا ������ط�ا �ة� ة�� ب��� ب �و��� د�ة ا ����� ا ���ل ح�ا ��ل ا �ة��� �لب�� . حة�ب�ً�د ب��ة��ب� ة� ���� � ةس �ع بس ا �ل�ا�و�ل �و�ه�و ��ة� � ح� ��ة� ة ة� �� ب ب ة � � �� � � ب � ب � � � � ة � ط ا ا ا ط�ع�مة�� � � �م�ا د ا ������ ��م �ل� ا � � س �ل ��ا �ب��مةب��ه � � �ب� ل� � ا ��� ح ب� ���ة�ر �و��مر� ا ���� �����م �م� ا �ل��د �ة� ا و و ل و و ة� ة بة �رو ���ة� �� ط�ع ب ا �� �� ج � ب ا ا � ب ةا � ً � ب ة � ة �� ب � � ا � ل � � � � � ���م �و�� �ل� او �م� ا �م�� � ��ة� ا �ب��د ا .حة��ً�د ��ل� ا �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�د ة� �ه�و �م�وك��ل ��لة��� ا �� �م� �ة� ب��مة�� � ة ة � � � ب ب� � ب �ب بلب�� � ح�ة� ا �عر�ب� ا ب� ك� ��ة��� ��ة� ا رة��ا ب� �� مو ة� � بو��ة���ل�و� ح �� ��ا � �م�ا �ب�������د � ب�� � او �ل�ا ا �لر ب� �. � ح��ل ب�� � ة ة� ة ة م ب ب � ب �ة ًا � ا ب ا �ة �� ا �� ا�ا� � ب � ا ب � ا ب � ح��د �� �� � ���ل�م�ا ���سم� ���د ا ا � ك� ���ل�� � ا � حب�� � � ��م �ل� �ل �� ��� �مر���س ب� � �ل� م ة� �ة� ب ب و �ة� ر � و �ل ة� م ة ع ب ��ا ب � �� ��� ��ل��ل � � ب � �لة �� ��ل� ا ��� � ة��� ��ا �ب ب �ب � � � � � � � � ا ا ا � � ك م ل �� � ل � � �� ���د ���د �� �� � � � � � � � ك � � � � � ب ح��ا �ة��ك �ة� ر و ل ب وو � ب ب و س ة ة و و ة� و �ة� ب ع ج 226
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Chapter Eleven
brother Anṭūn. And it was I who used to bring him the aromatic liqueur and put myself at his service! It seemed, however, that he didn’t recognize me after all, as I was a twelve-year-old boy at the time. I thanked God that the chamberlain had not recognized me, then asked his permission to let me return to where I was staying. “Off you go,” he said. “But be sure to rise before dawn, and return to check 11.122 up on your patient. Then we absolutely must be on our way.” “Yes sir,” I said, and went to rejoin my companions. They’d been waiting anxiously for me. I told them the whole story from start to finish and we all thanked God Most High for His loving-kindness, before falling into a restful sleep. Sometime past midnight, two of the sick man’s attendants came to wake 11.123 me, looking stricken. “Hurry! The boy is dying!” I shot up, tore out of the room, and dashed off with them, frantic with worry. As we made our way back, I peppered them with questions, urging them to explain why the fever had returned. Neither would respond truthfully. Finally, one of them took me aside. “After you left, the agha ordered some ice to be brought,” the attendant confided. “He chewed an uqqah’s worth, and put the rest on his chest and stomach.” Now I understood why he’d relapsed, and I had a worthwhile excuse to give the chamberlain to save my own skin! When we arrived at the residence, I went in to see the patient and found 11.124 him in a pitiable state. His fever had returned—but now it was twice as severe as before—and he looked ready to succumb at any minute. Feigning shock, I turned to interrogate his servants. “What have you given him to eat?” I demanded. “And what did he do? Tell me the truth!” “We didn’t give him anything!” they replied, denying any wrongdoing, so I turned to the servant who was responsible for the young man. “I’m no prophet, so I don’t know if you’re telling me the truth,” I said. “But if you’re lying to me, this man is going to die and you’re all going to pay the price.” At this, the attendant took me aside and quietly explained what happened. 11.125 The sick young man had begged them not to tell me the truth.
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� ا ةب �ة ب ��د ا ���� �� �� ب���ةحس�ة �م بّ��ا � ا ��ل ���� ���ا .ا ب� ً ة ب ا ب �����ةس � �ل� � �ب��ر ا � �ل ب��ب�س�� �ب�� ة ل ة �ه ر ح�ة�را ا �م �ر����م �ب� � ة ��لب �� او �مس و �ة� ة م ب � � � � ب �� � ب �� � � ا � � ب ا ��ل�� ب � ا ة� � ا ����ة� ة ��ب ا ب � �مر ة� ا ��� ب�ل� ك ���ا �ل��و�ل ا ��ة� ا � ا �ب��� �را �ب��ا ر��ر �و� � ق���� ب�س� � ب���ة ر مس ب ب رور و ة ج �ة ب � ب ا ب ة ا ب �ة ��� � ب ا � �ب ����ا � �و��س�م� ا � �ل ب��ب�س� �ب�ا ب� ر ب� ���� ا �ة��� �� �ع�� ��س �مو�ة� ���ة�ر � او ر�����ل �� � ا �� �� �مر� � ح�د ر �ة� ب � ة ج ع ب ب � ّع ا � �ة ا �� � �� ة ّ ا ب ا � � �ة � ب ب ب ب � � � � � � � � ا � � � ا � �� � � �� ب� و�� ا �م�ا �م�� �و�ه�و ���� �مر ة� ب� لرب ر و � ل ة� ���ل �ك ل�د ب��� ���� ب�� رج بل ��و�ل�ك ة �� �ا � ة � � ب ب ب � ب � ��ة� �ب�ا �ب�� ا �����را � � او �ل�ا� ب�ل��ل�سب��� ب� حب��ر �ب�ا �ب�� ا ���سة��د �ة��� ا�ا�مر��س ا ���ر �م بس ا �ل��و�ل ����ل ا �ب��ك ة ج ب � ة� ��� ّ � ح�� ط��س ك �. ة� ب ب � �ب ب ا ب ا ا� ا ة ب ب ��� �ورا د �ة�ب��ة��ة�ه �مب��� �ب�ا ��ل��ة بر�م ة� � حة�ب�ً�د ا � �� �� �ل�� �ب�ا �ل��د �ة� ب�ر�ة� ��ة� ���د ا ح� �� �� �م� راة����� ����� ب ة م ة ��� �ةل��ل � � ب ��ة ��ب� ا �ب�� ا ك�� ح�� ا ��ل��لة���ل �و� �ل�و���� ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م� �مب��� ����ل ك�� �ك�� ا � ��ل�� � ��� �م ب��� ���� ����د ر� � � � م و و ل ة ب ة� ع ة م � � ج�ة ا �� �� عب ا ا �ب ب � ب ا ة ل � �� ب �ب ب � � � � � � � ا ا ا � � � � � م � � بر��ط� س ب ر� بو �� ة ب رو� ا ���سة��د �ب�ا �ل�� ب� �� ب� ��لة�� �و � ل ة� � ب ���� ر ة�� و � م� � ب ة� ة ة � ا با ب � ة � اب ��ا ���� ل ا ���� � .ب ة ة ا �م����ل ا �� ك� حة��ً�د ا ر�� ةم�� ���ة� ا �ة� د �ة�� � او � �لو�����ل� ا �ة��� �ب� ��� �ة���ب��ر ����ل ب� �و�ل� ا �� ب� ر بر ة� � � ب ���ل��� بد ��ل�� ا ��ب ا � ب ة � � �� �و�� ��� �����ا �ب ب�ة��� �ور ب� ة � �ل ��� ��ا �م����ةس ���ل ب� �و��ة�ر� ة ك � ���� ا �� ب ب ��� ر �ل����ل ا ��� ة������رةج � � ة م ة ر � ة ة ة � ب ب ا ��ة� ا � ا �م����ا ا�ام����ا ��ا �����را � �ع بس �ب���ل ���لة���ل. ج ا ب �ا �ب ب � ة �� ب ���ا ب ا �� �لة���س ا �م ��ا ب �� ا ��ل�� ة ب �ة �وك� � بب �� ر ب � ة � ة � ��و ح� ر� او � ح�ة� لةر�ب��� �ة��� �وب����� �ر�� �ة� �ة �لو�م � او ر�����ل ة � با � ب ب � � � ا � ة � �� � ا�ا� � ب �ب ا ����� � ة ب ة ة ة ة � � � ل � � ح ح � � � � � � � � ا ا � � � ا ا �� ح� �مر�ة� ا �م�ا م� و ��� �ة� روج ��� ة� ل���� م �ة� �� ب �مر���س �ة� �رل�� ���ل� ة ة ج ة ب ة ب �� � ��س �ًا �� ا � � ب ة ا �مب� ا ����ل � � � ب ����ب���� � � ب ح�ةة� ��د �ة� �����ا �ر���ه ب��ا ��م ب� ل� �م�� �و�ط� �� .حة��ً�د ���� ��ة� ل ة��ل� ح� �مر لك ��ة�� ة� ة � ب � ة � ة � � ب � ا �ة� �ع ب��د ا رب��ا ��ة� � او � ك ح��ة� ة� ����� �ب�ا �ة� ب�����ا �ر��� ا � �ل ب��ب�س�� ا �ة� ا �ل �����ا � . م م ع ة ب ب ة ب ا � ب � ب ب � � ة � �� ا ب ب ب � � ب ��م�ا ر ب���� ر� ��� � ��ا �� �ة��ل�� ة�ل��ر ب��س �����د ا ح�� �و م�حسس��ة� �عس ا �لر� اوج �ب �ل ��و�ل�� �ة� �ب� � ب ة ة ة� ب � � � � ة � ب� � ة ب ا � ب ب �ب ا �ب � ا�ا�م �ر�ب��س ��ة� ا �����ر� �لة� ����ة� ا �و ا �� ة�م�و� �و� ���� �ب�ا ����� � �وة�ل ��و�ل� او �ب�ا � ح� �ل�� ب��ة�ك�و� � � ة ة ة ب ب � � ة ب � � � ا ا ا ب � � ا ��ل � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � ا ا � � � م � ح�ة�� � ���� ب� ��� ب�ل ����ك ��ح� ر ���ب�� ب� م�و� ة���س بة ��ود ة �ل���ك س ة��د ة� � � ة م ا �ة بس ا ب � � ��م�ة � ��ا ب � ��� ��ا ��ل���ح�ل�� ���ح�ا ح ب�� ك ا ��ل �م�ا ب������ا �م��ل�ك ا ��ل�ا ��ا �� �لةهة��� � ا ب � �� س � ح� � � � � ة � � � � � � � م 1 � � م � ك � ل ب � � ب ل و ة ة و و ل ب ب ة ا ة ب ب �� ً � ب � �ب � ة ب � � ب � ة ة ل �ه ب��ا ك � او ��� �م� ب����� �� ��� ا � �� ح�م�� ب�����ة� ا �ب��د ا �ة ��� �ب�ة������ة�ر �ة���ك د �ل��ك ا � �لو�ك� � بو�����ل�و� ر ة � �م��ة��ب�ة���ك ا �عب �� ط� . م أ �ف 1ال��ص� :ف�ت� ح�ا و. ل
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Chapter Eleven
“He chewed some ice and put the rest on his chest, and that’s why he got sick again,” the attendant said. “But please, for the love of God, don’t tell the chamberlain, because he’ll take revenge on us! What’s done is done.” Then I ordered them to extract some more juice from the seeds, and I gave the young man a large cup of bezoar water to drink. I treated him as I had the previous day, until morning came and the chamberlain received word that the illness had returned. He was furious, and summoned me before him. “Did you lie to my face yesterday when you said that he had recovered?” he demanded, fixing me with a wrathful eye. “Now I hear that his illness is worse than before! Do you take me for a fool?” Finding him so angry, and seeing that he was likely to take his anger out 11.126 on me, I was forced to tell him what had transpired during the night—how the young man had eaten the ice and put it on his chest, as they’d told me. He erupted again, this time at the boy. “I’m going to make him travel anyway, and if he dies along the way I’ll tie a rope to his feet and let them drag his corpse like a dog,” he said. “I won’t risk my own neck on account of him!” I threw myself before him, clutching his hands and begging him to wait another day in the hope that the young man would recover slightly before traveling. I then returned to treat him with the emulsions and other medications until that evening, when he began to recover. In the meantime, the chamberlain had ordered that a litter be prepared for 11.127 the young man to ride in when they set off the next day. He summoned me and asked me to travel with them as far as Damascus, so as to treat the patient along the way. “My pleasure,” I said, and he said, “Go pack so you’re ready to leave with us tomorrow morning.” And off I went to tell my companions that I’d be accompanying the chamberlain to Damascus. My friend Ḥannā wasn’t happy about this, and warned me not to go. “What if something happens to the sick man on the road, and he dies?” Ḥannā said. “His uncle is Nāṣīf Pasha. If they say that the doctor caused his death, who’s going to save you from Nāṣīf Pasha? He’ll kill you, without a doubt! And even if the young man arrives safely, aren’t you afraid that the doctors over there will put you to the test? You don’t know a thing about medicine! What do you suppose will happen to you then? You’ll be in an even bigger pickle!”
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11.128
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� � �اب ب � ��� � � ب ا �لب�ةة��ب� ع ���ط ���� ّ ��ب� ك�� ��ل�� � �و ب��ة�ر� �و ب�� ���ر ���� ّ ا �ل�ا�و���ا � � او �ب�ا �ب �لة�ة� ة� ��ة� � �� ة� و ح�ة�ر� �ل� �ة� ا �ع ��ة ة� م ة� ة م ��ل��ل�ة��س �ة ا ا �ب ل � � � � �ب ا � ة �ة ة �ة�� � ا ����ل � � ا ب ا �ب � ا ب � ب � � � � ل � ا ا � � � ل ل �و ب� بب��� ر ر �ب� ة� بر �وج ��� � �س���م� لك ة��ل� و � �ة� ب ر � ة�� و ة���س برد ب � �ة ة � ا � �� ة ا �� ب ب � � ب ب � ة ا ا ا ة ب ب ب � � � � � � � � � ��رلس ������ �ل��ل� ب��بس ��� ا �ل�د ة� �ه�و ب�م��� � �ورلةر �ل�م� ا ب��� ���� س�م� � ��ر بحة��� � او �ل�دةلس �م��سم ل � با ��� ب م ج ة ة ع بج � ة ا � ب� ب ب ا ة ب ��م�� � ا � ب ��ا ب� ا �� �لة���س �م�ا ����� � ������ ة�ب ة بب �ة� ة� و ح بس �م ���� ر��� ��ة� ح� ر� او � ب ة � ���م ع�م� او �ب� �ل�����ر������ �و�� �ل� او ب ب ب � � ب � � ب ب � � � � ا ا ا � � ب � � ا �� ��ط� �ة��� �و�مس �ه ب�� ك س�م���� ا �ة� � ح��ل ب� �و��� ر� او ة ��م��ل� او ل��د ������ � او � ح�د � او ر� او د ه�م �و ع� �م او ة م ة ة �� � �ب �ب � ب ب � � ة ح��ل ة ا �� ا�ا��ب� ب � �� ا �� ة ا ��لحب ب ة ا � � س ل � � ا � ل س ا � � � ���� ا �ل�����ر �و ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�ك ة� ر�����ل بب �� ود �� ة� � �م� د � ة� م رول ر ة� � �ة ة ة ب �ب ر� او ب� � او ��ل حة���ل �م��مر�و ب� ح�� �و�� بس ���� �هة��� ا �ل�����ر. ة ب� � � ب �ب ب���ل ا ا � ب ا �� �لة���س ة ب � ب ب� � � � ا ا �ب ا ا � ة �� � � ب � � �� � م � ا ل � � ��س � � م � � � � � ح ط � � ل ك ك � ة� ة� �م� ر �ة� بب �ة� ����ة� ��ةس ر ب ب رس ة ر ب ب � ة ��م ب���� ة � ا ��ل ح�ة� ا ب� ��ا �� � � ح� ب� � � � � �وا ب���ك �و�ةل���ا �ل � او �ب�ا ��ة� ا ����� ب��د ا حة� ب� رك � ة � ة ل و ب ة ب� ر بح�ك و � ة � � ب � ب� � � ا � � ا ا �ب �ب ا �� ة ا �� � ب ل ب � ب � ب ر ب �ة� و ر ب� ���� ر رة� ل�دة س ك ���ا � �ل او �م���ا �ة��ة بس �ل��ل�����ر���ه ب��ا �ب� ��ط��ل� او �ك����ا �ل ة� �م�ا �ه�و ا �ل���ب�� ب� ع ب ة � � ب ب ب � � �ب�ا � ا ب ب � ح��د �مب��� � �ة�� ��ب ا ��ل�ا� ��ل �ع � ب��ا ��ا � ة� �م��ا ��م���� ��� ا �ل�س ب � ���بس � او � � ح��د ح ة� ر� او � � ل � ح� بل ��ة� � او � � م و ة� ة� و ب ب � ر ة ب ة ا �ب�ط� ب ا ة � � ب ا ا ب �� �ة ع � �ب ب � م�ا ب د �ب � � ب � � ب ا ة � � ل ا �� ح��� ر � س � � ح�� �ب �ل ��و�ل�� ��� �ب� � بب�س�ة� ب��ة����ة�ر �ة� ك��ل ���� �ع���ةس ل��د ��س �ة� ا ة� � ك�� � ح��ل ا�ة ا� ح��د �� ب��� � �ل �م�� ب ة� ةس ب�� ��و� ����ل ل�� �مر� او ��ل�� �مر �ل� ��د ���س �� ��و ب� � بو��ة��ا ب� ��� او ������ �و�ل� ب� � حب� � ب��ة� ب� ���اة�� ب�� او ة��م � � ة و ح��ل ر ة م م ب � � � ب ���د ا ا �ل���ب�� ب� ���د � ب��ا �ع بس ا �ل�����ر. ب ة ب ب ة � � ةب ة ب ة � ب � ا ب ��ب ة ة ���ل�م�ا ���سم��� �م ب��� ����ل ك���ل� �م �ل���ة�ر� ��ة����ة� �ع بس ا �ل�����ر �ل� ��ة� ك��� �م�����ر ب��ة� �ب�ا ��ة� ا ��ا ر�� ب ب حة ب � ب � ب ب �� �ة ب ب �ا�� ح��د �ة� ������ �ب�ب���ة�ر ة� ا ��لب�ة��� ح��� ���ل�م�ا را ��ة ة� ا ��ة� ب�����ا �ر �و� ا ل ب��ب�س�ة� ��ة� ا �� ��ط� �ة��� �وب� ���ة� عس �و ب � ب ب �ة �� ا ا�ا��م � ب� �ب ا ��لة ب ة � � � �ب�م ب� ة � � ة ب ا ة ب ة �س ���ا ا � �ل ب��بس ح ة� ��ة��� ا �ة� ا � �له�� �� � ار��ة� ر ب� ��و رة��س �ة� �ورا ��ة� �ة� ب��� لبر���ة� �ة� � ة� �ة ب �ب ا � ا ب � �� �ا �عة��� � � ��م ةب ب �ة ب ���ا ر��� . حة�ب�ً�د �����د ة� ا ��� �ع ب��د ا � �ل ب��ب�س رو � و ب م � � �و�ل�� ب �سم����ةس �و��س �ة� ا ������� ة ة ة� �� �ب ب� ب � � ا � ب � ة �ب �� ة ب � ة � ة �و�ب���ل ة� اة������ � او ��سس���د ر ة� �م ب��� �ب�ا � �م�ا ��ة� ��مو� ا رك� ب� �ة� �م� ر�ل �ل��ة� ب�م�و� �ة� ا �ل�د ر ب� � ب � اب � ة ب � ب �و��مر ة� ا � �لو�����ل ا �ة��� �ب�ا �ب�� ة�ل����ةمب�� �ل� � �م�ا ��ة� ���ة��د ر� ����� ���د ا ا �ل�����ر. ة ة ب ب ب ا ّٰ � �ة� ا �� � ب ب ة ح�ا �� � � �ب � � �� ة ا ب �وا د� ح�ا �ل رك� ب� ب�� ح��س ���لب��� ����ة� �و����ة� �م� ب��ة���لر�م ا �م���ة� ��ة� � ل�ك و �ة� �� لل ل�� ة� ب ا� ب ب � ب ا ا� ب ح ب ب��م��ه ب��ا ة ب ة � � ا ا ا �و�رب � �م بس ا�م��ر �و�ل � او �م� ا��م �رة���س �و ب��م� �عة��� ���� ر � او ة��م��ل� ��و�ة� �ب �ل ��و�����م �ة� ��� �س ة ج � ب � �ب ا �� ��� � ة � ا ة ب� ا ب ا� ب � �د ��� � �لة���س� ��ا ��ب � ��� ��ل�� ��ل�� � بة ل����ا � م��د ا ر�ة�ك �ة� ��ر �ل� �ل� �� �� � او �ع � ���م ا��م �رة���س ا ل�� ة� ب م ب ة� و و م ة
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Chapter Eleven
As Ḥannā continued to caution me against going, my anxiety mounted. 11.129 What was I to do? I’d given the chamberlain my word that I would go with him. I spent that night in a panic, wondering what I could possibly say to an official who occupied the rank of a vizier. When morning came, the muleteer we’d hired received word that the chamberlain was about to depart, together with the sick man’s litter. My companions decided to join the chamberlain’s convoy and break off once we arrived at Antioch, where we’d continue on to Aleppo. They loaded up their horses and gathered their provisions, preparing to leave. Then I was summoned to see the chamberlain, and when I arrived I saw the litter and the horses saddled up, and everyone ready to depart. “Where’s your bag?” he asked. “I had a fast horse saddled up for you. Go get 11.130 your things, and come back at once! I’m waiting.” I returned to grab my bag and set off with the chamberlain, only to find that the people who were preparing to travel with us had changed their minds about going. I asked what the reason was. “We’d originally planned to go along with the litter,” one of them explained. “But then an old man advised us not to. He said, ‘The chamberlain swaps horses every two hours. Wherever they stop, there’s a new mount waiting for him, so they travel the distance of two days in a single day. Can your horses keep up with him?’ This is why we decided not to go.” Hearing this, I changed my mind about leaving with the convoy. I’d been 11.131 willing to take the risk of leaving the chamberlain once we got to Antioch and vanishing from sight. Then, when I learned I would be the only one traveling with him, I had given up hope. But now I had an excuse that just might satisfy him. I went to his camp. They’d put the sick man in the litter and his attendants were milling about, waiting for me. I went upstairs to see the chamberlain, knelt to kiss the hem of his robes, apologized, and begged his forgiveness. I explained that I didn’t have the strength to ride without stopping, swapping horses as we went—I would die on the road. I begged him to release me from my obligation, for I didn’t have the ability to make the journey. At this, the chamberlain took pity on me, thank goodness. “You’re free to go now,” he said, then mounted and rode off. But the sick man and his attendants tried to talk me into going. “Don’t worry, we’ll take care of you on the road,” they said.
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11.132
�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� ب � �ب ��ب ة ب ب � ب ب ����ل�ب��� �و��ة��� �� ب�� ��و� ب�م ب� �ب ��س � �و��ر�����لب�� ��ل��ل�ة��د ��س ب�لب���ة�ر ك� �م ب�� ا ب�ر� � او �ر� � ل ة ���س ك��� �ر�� � �مس ة ة� ر ب ة ة� ب ة � � ب ب ب �ة�م ��ل � ب ح��ا ���� �ة��ل�� �ة���ة��بم�� �م��ة��ب��� ��ا ب��ة�� ة� �ع بس ا �لر� او � ���ل�م�ا ا ة��� �م بس ر� او ��� ������ و س ة ة ة ج ب � � � � � ب ة ب � ب ب � ب � ة ة ب ا ا ا � � س�� �م�� �ب� �م����ة�ر� . �مر�م��� ��مو�ة� ���ة�ر � او �مر ا �ل� ك� �و� ح�دا ر� �� ب� � او ح �ع � � حة��ً�د ا � ���� ا �ة��� ب�� ة � ة ا � � � ا �� ة �ب �� � � � �ب � � ب � � ة����� ��ا �ب�� �ل�� ����م ب ب � � ة � � � � � ل � � ه � � ا ا � � � ا ا � ح���ة����س �م�د ة��د� ة� ة����س ر بحة��� و�م��س و ل�� ل�د ر � ��� �ة� ة��د� و ل ب ة ة �ة� ب م ة � ب ب � ب ا ب �� ا ��ا ب�� � د� � �ع�ب�� ���ل�م � �م ب �� ا � �� � ا �ع ��ط � ا �ل ب� � � ة � ع��مر �ل��ل ة� ا ب� �لو ك����ل ب� �ة� �ل ر س ب ر و ة س �و س �ة� �ل ر س و �و�ة� �ة� � �م ب ا �ب ��� � �ة ��� . ��و �ة� �رل و�� � ة م � �� �ة ب ة ب ة ة � ة ة ب ب ة ا ل��س � او �ب�ا ��مر ة� ا ��� �ع ب��د ر�����ا ��� � او ��س��� ب ا � � � � � ا � �� ة ة �م�� �ة� �مو��ة�� �م���� ا �ة� م بل��د ر� اوج بب��ة� ب� با � ب � ب ب � ب ا �� ة ب �� �� �ة ة ب � � ب ة ا ب ���ا ������ل ا ��ة� � ح��ل ب� � ار ���ه�� � ا ��ة� ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� �رب� ا د �� �و�ه�� ك ب �لو�� ر �م بل��د� �� ة � ة ا �س ب ب � � ب ب � م��ا ب� ب ��س��ل�� ا ب���ة ا �ل���ب��ب� � ح��د ب�ل���د � او � � � � � ا ا � ح�ة� �ة�ا ب� �ور �ة��� ا �ل�ا � او � ح��د د �ة�ل� �م� بة ب�� ح�د �و �ة� د �ل�ك � ك ة ب س جب � ة � � ب ب � ب � ا �� � �� ب ا ب �ة ب ة � � � ب � ب � �م بس ا �ل�ورا دةل بس ا �ل���ب��ب� � �و�ه�و �عر�����ةس ا �ل� �ل�ل� ���ة� ك��ل ا ����� � ا �ة� �مس �ل�لك ا � �� او �ة� �مس ب ا ب ا� ا ة ب� � اب � ب ا ب ة � ب اج ا � ب � � ب ب ة ب ا ����� را ���� ��ط ���ل�م� �و����ل ب�� ا �ة� د �ل��ك ا �ب ��و��� ر �و��� �� او ب��م� ��� د �ل��ك ا �ل���� �ورد � �و� �عس ا�م����ة�ر � ب � ب �. ح�ةة� �ل�� ��ط�� ا ���ب��ب� ة �� ج ب ب� �ة ا �ة � ب ب � �ه ا �ة�ب ة �� ّ �� � �م ب ا ب ب�����د �م�ا ا ب � � � ح��د �م ب��� ا � � � ا ���� � او ب� � م م ع د � � � � ل � � � � � � � � ح � � � ط � � � � ة� و ب �ة� ب � ب ة س ر ة� و س ة ر م � � ً � � � ب ب � ب ب ة ب � ب � � ب ا ��� ل � ا ح�ة��� ��� ا � �ل �� ر ��ا ��ل� ا � ك���ا � �ل�� ��ط ا �� �����ل��ط�ا ���ك � ا ب� ا � ة� و ة ���س��ر� �م���ل �م� ا �ع ��ط� �ل�ل���ة�ر �� ب�ب ب �ة� ة رج �ب ب � ب �ل� �ل�� ��� � ا �����ب ب�ة��ب �� �ب ّ � �و����ا ��ل �عب��� ��ل��ل��دةل بس ك� ���ا �ب�ل او ����ه� �م بس �ة��ل�و� ���د ا ا �لر ب� ���ك ب ب� ب ��ود ب ة ح��ل � �ر س �ة ة ة ج ب � ب � �م�� �� �ب � �بك����د �ة اب �� ح�ل������ ��ب���ة�ر� . ح�ا ب� �لو� ���د ا � � ب��ا ب� حة�ب�ً�د � ���م �ل���� را ء لب������ة� �و�����ر را ��ة� �و� ة� ح�ة�م رب �ة� ة ���ل�و��س �ب �لة �� ��ل�� ���� �م�ا �ع ب� ة���ك ��ل�ا ة� ح� ��ب� � او �م ��ب� ��ا ب��ل ح����ل �م� او ب� ح��د �. رة ب ر ا �����ر� ب و ة ة ا ب ب ا � ا ب � ب ا ا ب �ة � �ل���د ا ب��ة���ا � ا ب� � ب ا ��ل ��م�� � � ة ب ا ب�� ب ا �� � ب ا � و بو ح�د �مس ب ة ع ا ��ط�ل�ه�� �ركب���� ل��د ��س�� �و���� � �ر� �و�ل� ر��� ���� لةرةلس ح�ة� ��ب ة ب ا ا ة � ة ب ب � ا ة ة ب �ل� � ح��م ا �� ة� ا ��� ب��� ب � با � � ����� �وك��� ا �� ���� ب� �ل� ا � �ل � ����ل ��ل�م� �رب��� �مس ا ب� ر ر ة ةس �و���ل�� ا ة� بح��مر �م� ة س ةا ب ب بب� ب ب ة ���� بل��� ��ب ��ا ��ب ا د ب� � ب ب ة �و ب� ح��دا ر�ة�� �ل��� ر� �����س �� ��� ب��� ة� ب�� ���و��ة� �وك� و ة� ب ة� ح��ل �ل�ه��د ا �ع � ���م �و�ه�و ا �ع� �م� ة ب ب ب ب ب ب � ح�� ب �م�ا �ب�ا � ا � ح��د �ةل���ا �و� ���� ّ �ب�ا � �م�ا �ة� �ر��� ب��ا �ب�لو�ع�م ة� �و�م�ا ا رد ة� ا د ب� ح��ل ��� � ���م ا �ة� �ةس ة� بة بة ة �� � ��� �ب ا �� � ا � ا �ع � ا ّ ب � ب ب �� �ة�����ل� او ر�����ا ��ة� � او �����ل�م��� �مرل�� بو��ة� ا �ع��ة� ل��دة ��ة� � � � ر�ور �وك���ا � ���طب� ر�و �و م� �م�ل�و ��� م ة
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Chapter Eleven
Their master, the sick man, also promised he would give me a horse once they arrived in Damascus and would send me to Jerusalem, all expenses paid, and pay me a hefty fee besides. But I was afraid that Ḥannā’s prediction would come true and some mishap would occur on the road, so I declined to join them. The master lost hope of convincing me, but was not at all pleased. As he ordered the litter driver to set off, one of his footmen suggested he give me a tip of some kind. So he reached into his pouch, grabbed some coins, and threw them to the ground in a fit of pique. His attendants picked them up and handed them to me: There were twelve abū kalb thirds in all. Then they set off. I returned to my companions, and we spent five days in Konya following the 11.133 chamberlain’s departure. Then a caravan set off for Aleppo, which we traveled with until we drew close to Adana. There was a narrow mountain pass, only wide enough to allow one person through at a time.55 A toll officer sat there, collecting the isbanj tax—a piaster and two thirds—from anyone traveling in that direction. All the Christian travelers, that is; no one else had to pay. When we reached the pass, the collector’s men stopped us and demanded the toll. After he’d collected some money from my companions and the others, the 11.134 officer turned to me and demanded that I pay in exchange for a ticket, as the others had done. “If I paid your sultan the poll tax, I’d pay this too, but I don’t, so I won’t,” I fired back.56 He studied me for a moment, then turned to my companions. “And who might this fellow be?” he asked them. “A Frankish doctor.” The officer believed them, as he’d seen that I looked different in my clothing and wig, so he greeted me and invited me to sit with him. “Pardon me, sir, but I didn’t realize who you were!” Once he received payment from everyone else, he let us go. We mounted 11.135 and set off, riding until we arrived at the bridge of Misis.57 I was riding ahead of the caravan, and when I approached the bridge, I found myself face-to-face with a pair of officials, who blocked my way and asked me to come along to their superior, the master of Misis. In my terror, I assumed that someone must have double-crossed me and let slip that I wasn’t a Frank. I told them that I didn’t want to go with them until my companions arrived and I could give them my horse for safekeeping.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ب� ة ب � � � � ب � ب � ا ب �ب ا �� �ة �ب � د �� ب ب ب ا اع ��� �ة�� �و ب��� � او � ح�د � حب� ر �ب� � �ة� ل ����ل � �مو ب��و ح��ة��م �رب��ة� �� ر�����ل �م ا بد ا � ����ل ة� ا �� �ع ب��د ��ه ���د ب� ب � ب ب ة ة � اب� و ة� ح��ل�و�ة� ا �ة� �ع��د ا �ع � ���م � ب�و�ة��� ا �ل��� �ه�و م ة
� ب ا �ل���ب�� ب� �ه�و ا � ة ب ب �ة ����ل ا �����ةس ح�ة� �ب �لة� � ا ب��ل � ح��مر. رب ة ب ب� � ة � � �ة ب � ا � ا��� ب � ب ا � ا � ب � � ا � ا �ب � ب � � ة � ا ا ة ���ل�م� �و����ل� او ر����� �ة� ����ل�م ��� ل��دة������ �ود ح�ل� � �ة����ك �ل� ��ةس م� د �ل�ك �ل��� ة م �م ع ا� � ا ب � �������ل ب ح �ب ّ � � او �م ا ��بل �� ا � � �ب �ل ا ة � � ة ا � �ب ا �ة � ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ه�و � � ���دا �م �ب� � ة � �و�ة� ر ح� م �ب��ل�د � �م� ا �م���ل� ا �م� �م� � ���� ر ب� �ة ا ب � �� ب��بس ا ب ة حة ب � ب ةة ب ح��ل�� � � ب� ب �م��ة .ا ب� �ً � � ب � �� � � � ح�دا � � او �مر �ب� � ة بحةب� ��و�ة� ب ر� �ه�و� �و��لة ��و� ���س ح�ة را د �� �ة� �ة� ا ب� س ب ا ب � ة ب �� � ب � ب � �� ا ا � � � � ة ة ب ا ا ل ب ا ح�د �� به � �س��� ����ه� �مس ر ب� �مر� ا �� ل ح ب� �و� ح��ل �� ة� ��ر�م� �ه�و ���ب�� ب� ���د ا ا �ل� ل�را �م �وا �ل���� ة �� � ة ة ا� � ب ب � ب ح ب �ة �ة ��ل�ه ب � �ب �ب ة �م ب � � � � �ة �� � ح� � �� ا �ب���ل��د � او �ب�ا ��ة� ���د � ا � ب�ل� ل� �����ا � � �ر ة��ً�د ��ة� رب� ��د ة� �د �ة��� �� و ه�و ةل���ة� � و م ب � � ا �� ة � ا �م�ا ب� ��ا ����ل��� ب� ����ك ب���ة���لة���ل�� �م�ا ��ه� �و ب� ��ب��� �م بس ���د � ا �ل�و ب� ح��ل� ��هة���ك ����� � او ة���س �م� ��ط�لب�� ب�ل�� �� ة ة ة ة م � � ب � ب � ب � ة � ة � � ب ا ا ا ا ب ل �� ���� ��ط� �ل ��� ر�� ب� ���ب� � �� حة��ً�د �عس ���� ���د� � ار��ة� ��م�� �م�هر�ة� �وك�� � د �ل��ك ا � �لو ب� �� � �ب ك ح����د� ة ع ب ا � ة � �ب �ل ا ة � �ب ب ��ل � � � او ����� � �وب���م �ر� � �م� راة���� �ة� ���د � ا �مر ة� ا �ة�ا �و� ا �م�ا �م�� � او ر �و��ة��� �ب�ا �ة� �عر�بك ة� ا �ل��د ا ��ا �ل � ة ّ � � � ب � �ل � �ب�ا �ة��و�����ل. ���بس �م�ا �ه�و �م�و ب�� �ود ����هة� ا �ل��د � او � ب ار د ��� ة ب ا � ة � � ا ة ب� ا �ب ب ا � � �ب � � ���� ة ب ب ح�ة �� ب�� � �ب ح����د ك �م ب ب ا � � � � � � �� � �د � � � � � ��� ح س ربج ة� ة � س ة ب �� بحب��� �ل� �� � ا �� ب �لو ���لك ة� ة � � ب � � اب �ب ا � ب � � ب ة ���� ��ب�ه �و ب� ب� ب� ار � ح���ك �و� ل �ود ح���و���ة� �����د ا ا �ل��د ا ء � او �ل� � �م�ا �ه�و �م�و ب�� �� ���س �ب� �����ك ب��ة��لر�م�� لرك�ة ب ب ب � ا�ب � � ب � � �ة � �ة ا ة � � ا �� ا � ب ب � � ب ب � � � ����ه� ا ��م�ا ��ة� � ح��ل ب� لبرك� ب� �ل��ك �ه�و �ل� � مس ب �م�ل� ع�� ��ة ر م� ���� �و ب � �ود ��ة� ���د � ا �ب��ل� د ��ا � ة � � � ب �ب ب ا �� �� � �� ��ا ب � ا ب � � ���ا ب� �م ب بد ��ل��ك ا�مب�ه � � � � � ل ل �و ب� ب��ا د ا ا ا � ه � � �� � � � � � � � ح �د ل � � ح � � �� � م � � � ل � � ل � � �� ك�� � ك ب ر ة� ة� ب و ب ة ر ب س � ة ب � ب �ا � �ب ب �سس�ع�م��لة��� ة��� �م�ا ب ا ���ل��س ب��ة���ل�و� ������ة� ة� �م بس ���د ا ا�ا�مر��س �ل��ب�� ����ة� �ب�مرب�. ب �ل ة ب ا� ب ب ب �ب ا �� ب �ب ب ة � �ب ��ا � ب �ب ب ا ب ب ح��ل� ا ب� ك���� ل ��� �ة� اةلس ب�� ��و ب� حب�ة��� �ب�ا � د ك�� �ة� �ة� � ح� � ا لبرك ا د ا ���� �ل �ع��ة� ��ة�را ��ة� ح�د �ة� � ب ة � ً � � ب � ب ب ة ة ب ة ب ب � ة ��ا ا �ل��د �� �ب�ة����س�م�ا ا ا ا ة � ب ب ح�د �م � � ��� �� ب� �ه ب��ا ك .ا � ح�ة�را ����ة� �م� ��هة� ا �ل�و������ ا �ل ��ة� ���ل� �ع � حب���� � س ب �را بل ر ة ب � ب ا ب � ة �� �� ب ب ���ا ����� ��م�ة��د ا ب��م����� ب ح� ا �ب�ا � ةس د ر��ه � او �ب �لة����� ��ة� ا�ام�ا ء د ا ب� ح�ا ب� � بو�ل���د ب�ل��ل���� � ا �ل��ر �ة�� ل��ور� ة� ب ر �ل ر ب ج م ب � � ب ب � � ا� ا �ب ب��بس ب ا �� �ة � � ل ب ا � � � ب ح��ل � ح�ة� �ة��ل�و� � ل � � ع��م �� � � ��ا � �و�بل��ل �����ا ������ � او �م���� � ح�د مس د �ل�ك ا�م� ء �ة� ب بر � و رةس � � ة ج � � � � ب ب ة ���ب� �ع ب���ك ����ل �م� او د � او �ل��لة���ل�� ا ر�����ل �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �ل�� �لة � ح��ك �و���د ا ب��ة� ب�� � � ����ل �م بس ���رب���ك ر ب� �ر�و� ح��ل ة ة � � ح�ة� ا ر�����ل�ك �م بس �ع ب��د �ة� � ��و��ة ة� ح ب� ���سس�ع�م��ل�� ����� ���ل�� �� �م ار ة� �ع ب��د ا � ب��و�م � بولر�����ل�ك �� � ة ة ة �مر�ور ة��� �ب����س �ب����ا �ر�و� ح��ك. ب� 234
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Chapter Eleven
They waited patiently, not forcing me to accede. The reason they’d come was that their master was suffering from some aches and pains, and he’d received word that a Frankish doctor was traveling with this particular caravan. So he had sent these two to wait for me to arrive and bring me to his house, which was next to the bridge. Once my companions arrived, I handed my horse over to them and went 11.136 with the two officers to see their master, who was the governor of the town. When I presented myself before him, he welcomed me and told his servants to remove my shoes. Then he invited me to sit at his side, and ordered some coffee and a pipe for me to smoke. I was surprised at this treatment, and wondered why a man who held the high rank of local governor was being so warm and friendly. As I was mulling this over, the governor spoke. “Come a little closer,” he said, and when I obliged, he wailed, “Oh doctor, put an end to this pain of mine and I’ll give you anything you ask!” “What sort of pain is it?” I asked, and he showed me his forearm, the flesh of which was decayed. He was suffering from snail fever, which had eaten away at his body, his innards, and his skin. At this sight, I set about remonstrating that I recognized the disease but didn’t have the medicine with me to treat it. This only made him plead all the more. “Never fear,” I said. “I’ll prescribe an ointment for you to apply topically, 11.137 which will dry up your lesions. As for your insides, I’ll have to put together a paste specifically meant to treat this illness. I don’t have any with me at the moment, but I can put some together for you in Aleppo. It’s composed of a group of drugs that can’t be found nearby. Perhaps you have someone you could send to Aleppo. I’ll give him a jar of the paste, and once you start using it, you’ll be healed before the jar is finished. It’s a tried and true remedy.” “Where can I find you in Aleppo?” he asked. “My shop is in the Abrak market. Ask anyone and you’ll find me.” “And what’s the prescription you mentioned?” “Take fifty dirhams’ worth of blue vitriol—which they call göztaşı in Turkish. Soak it in a glass container full of water for twenty-four hours. Once it’s dissolved, pour the water into a cup and moisten a cloth with it, then use it to wipe your ulcers. That should dry them up,” I said. “Send one of your men over to the caravan tonight and I’ll give him some pills for you to take for three nights, before you go to sleep,” I continued. “I’ll also give him some powder for you to press on your ulcers.”
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� � بب � �كةة�� ب�د �ب�� ب �ب��� �و�ه� بد ��ل��ك ا �� ب��ا � ��ة�� ة� � ���ا ب� �ب�ا بر��ل ا � �لة � حة� �� ك� �� ة� �و ��ط��لب� ة� �م ب��� ا د � �و�م ب� � وةً � و ل ج � ب ة � � ب ب � ة ب ب ب � ح�� ة� ا�ام�ا ء ا �� �ع ب��د ا ��ا �� � �ام�ا � ا � ة ا ا �ة �� �ب�ا �م�ا د ا ��ة��� �����ا �م ب ا ب��ل � ح��مر��� � ر ة� و ة� س ح� � �وك� ا�م���� ء ا � لر ة� � � � ب ب ��� ب ب ا �ل� ب ة ب � ة ب ا ب ب � � � ب ة � ة ة � ا ا ا � ب ب � � �����ة�� �ع���� � ك� م���ل���� ��ل� ��� ا �ل� او � �وك��ل��� �و� ا��دا � �و ��ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�و�ك� ا �� �� �مس �ع��د ا �ل��� � ة م بً ��س��ا �� بد ��ل��ك ا�ا��م � ا �م�ا � ا ��ب�ه � �ةل�� ������ ب��ا �ع � � � ح�ة ب��ة��ة��د � � ب��ة��� ����� �ب���ل ب � ح�ة�را ��سس���� .ا � ب � و � ���و� �م ب م و ة� ب ر ة� ة ة� رج م �ب ب ب ا ب� � ب ا ا ا ب ا � � ّٰ ة � ب � �بر�ا ا لل� �ل���ا ��ة� ���� �م�ا ا �ل�ه� ���لة�ب��ا. � ���� �وح����ل�� �ة� دة���� �و��س ل ���� ة م ً � � ب ب ب ة ة بة ب � � ة � �ل���د� � ا ب ا هو� �م بس �ع ب��د ا�ام�د �ل��ور ا �ة�� ���ا �ب����د �م�ا ���م �� ب��ا ا � �ل� � �� هو� �������� د �ل��ك بو ب ح� �� ا لبر�ة�ل� � � بر � ة � ة ا �با ة � ا ب � ا ب � ��������� � � �� �ة � � �ل�� ���م ب � � ب � �ب ة ب ا ب��ل �و� ح��دا ر ا �ل�د �ة� ب� �� ح� ب� ��� ا لبر�ةل�� ا � �ل��ه�و� �ب� � ا �ل��� ب ة ل� ��لة��ك � بو ة���لك ة �ة� ا �ل�د �ة� بة م � � ب �ب ��ل � ح ة ا ��بل � � ا ب ح ة� ب��م�����ة � � �و���د �ة�� ب�ة��� ب��ا ب� � حب�ة��� ���� ا �ل ار ��س � او �ل����ةس �و �ة� ا � ع��م � ��ا �ل ���س� ربج و ر ب ر � ب ة ��ا ب ة �م����ة � ب �ا � ة ��م � �ة �ب �� ة �ب � �ة � � س � � ا �� �و�� � � � � � ل �مر �ل� ب� � ��م ح��ل �روح� ��� ح��� �م ��هة��� �وك�� � ����ه� ح� �ب ب� رو� � رة� �ة� ور � ة ة �ل ة � ب � ب� � ا�ب ب ب �م ب��� � او �ع ��� ة � � ب � � ��ل � ب �ل�ع ب� ����� �ل�د �ل�ك ا ب��و ة ح�دا ر � او �� �م��� �ة ��� ة �م��ل ة��� �و�ه�و ا ��� ب�ل���د �م� �ة��ل�و� ا ���د ��س � �ل� ب � �ب ب� � ب ة � ب ة ب ب � ب � ��� �مس ���د ا ا � �مر�ور ���� �ر�و� �ب��د �ل��ك ا�ام�ا ء �ة� � � � ح�� �و�ة��ب��������م ح�ة� �ة������� �� او ���لة��� � او ح ب� �ة� ة� ع �� �� �� � �ع ب ا �� ب � �� � � ب� �ة � ا ة ا ���ط��ل�هة ة � � � � ك���ل ة�ل� ��د ل � ح�� � �و �� . م�� � � � ة ب ب وم ع � � ا ب ب ب ا ب ب ا ا ب �� ب �ا ب ب ب � � � �و�ة�� ب��ا �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� م�� � � �و����� ا �ل�لة���ل ���� � �ر� �و�م� ب�ل��ر�� �ة ��� ��� ر ��ة� ة ب � ة ب ة � � ب � ة ب ب ب ا ا ة ب با ا ب � ب �� �ب � ح� �و����ل ب��ا ا �� ا �ل��ل�� ا د ��� ����سم�ا ا �ل��ل�� ر�م� ا � � � ط�س ة ة ة د �ل�ك ا �ل��� �و�ل� ر��� ���� لةرةلس ة� ��� � �و �هة� �ة� حس � � � �ا ب ��ا ب ب ب ح��� �و بد ��ل��ك ا ب��ل �و ب� �م بس ا ��ل�ا ���بس � ��ا ر �و�عة ��و ب� ا�ام�ا ء �و�ه�و � ك� حب���ل �م����س� ب� ب ل م�� � ك�� ��� �رد �و��س ا ر���ة� بً �با � ب ة ب �ة ��ا �م �� ب��ا ��� �ة�� �ة�� ا �� � ��د ا ا ب��ل � ���ا �ة���سب��� ����� ا �ة�� �و�ب���ل �و� ��و��� ��� ����� س�م� ا رك����ة� �و���د � ا � �ل�� ب حب���ل � ب�� ةر �ة� ب ب � ���� ة � ا �����س ا ا�ا� ا ا� � ب ��ا �ب � ة ب �ب ���د ا ا�ا ك� م��ا � ك�� � ب� ���ا. ��س��ا � �م بس �� ر� ا �ل� ب � ر �ومة�� � ا�م�و ب � �ود �ة� � � ب �ل ا ب� � � ب � ا ب �� �ب ة ة ��ا ب ا ب ح��ل ب��ا ا ��ة� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�ةل��ل�� بل بر� ب��ا �ه ب��ا ك �ب ك �� �م� د ���� لر�ة� ك�� ����� �م�دة����� �م��س��ل� �و�� �ل�� ك���ل � � ا � ا ب �ب �ب � � � ب � ا ��� ا � ةا � � ���ا � ح ب� �عة��ل�� �� �م��ل �ل�� �ب�ة�س ا �ل� ب�س� ر ��س�� ر �و ب�م�ل��س � ةر�م�� � او �و�ل�د� �ل� � �ة� �����ل � � � � ب � �� �� ���ب �م ب �� �د� ا ��ل � ا �ل�ب ا ���� ب � ���� � �ب �م�د �� ب �ة ا �ب � � بس ا �� � ل��ا ا ��ة� ���د � �وا ك���ل ا ��� � � ة � س �� �ر و �هم ل د ة� ب ة ��ة ر �ة� ة �� د � بة رب ب ا ��ل�ا�ل��ل�� �� ��ة� ب �ب ا � ب ���ا ر� ا ��ل���ا ��� ب � او ��ل ���م ا ل ب � او ��ل ���ب��ة���� �ه ب��ا ك �وك�� ���ل �م بس �ه�و ��� ك� �� او � ة � � � ة بة ة رةس حة�� ��ط��ةس ب ة ةس ة م � � ب ب ب � ة ا � ة � د ���� �� � ���� �م� ب�� �� �� � � او ��لب�س�ا ر ل ب �و�م�ا � ���س��� د �ل��ك �م ب ا �ل�� ب ا � ���� �� ح�ة� �م�و ب��و و و ة و ب ةس ة ب �ود ك��ل ��ة� �م���ل س ا � �ب ا� ب ا ب ع�����. �م� �م�و ب � �ود �ة� ا�م�دة����� �ة
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Chapter Eleven
Then I got up and asked his permission to depart, whereupon I returned to 11.139 my companions who were with the caravan, encamped across the bridge by the water’s edge. When evening came, we were wondering what we should have for dinner when suddenly a sumptuous feast, with three different dishes, appeared on a platter. The master of Misis had sent it, and his servants encouraged us to come right up and dig in. So we all sat down in that field overlooking the river, and enjoyed an ample supper. When we were done, we got up, washed our hands, and thanked God Most High for the grace He had shown us. A pot of coffee, also sent by the master, then appeared, and we all had some. 11.140 The attendant who had brought the coffee came over to me. “The master sends his greetings,” he said. “And he asks that you give me what you’d promised him.” “With pleasure,” I said. I opened my bag and took out fifteen purgative pills. I happened to also have some burnt alum powder, for ulcers. I put a little in a piece of paper, gave it to the attendant, and explained how to administer it. After daubing the ulcers with the blue vitriol water, the master was to sprinkle some of the powder over them and apply some pressure until they dried up. As for the pills, he was to swallow five of them before going to sleep. I said all this to the attendant before sending him on his way. We spent the evening in that spot, then got on the road at midnight. I don’t 11.141 know what became of the master of Misis. We kept on until we arrived at the province of Adana, which was known as Ramazan Province. It is situated on a mountain plateau covered with trees and freshwater springs, a veritable paradise on earth. Before reaching the mountain, we’d passed a village called Ereğli, which was as verdant as an orchard, full of trees and plentiful water.58 Once in the province, we set up camp. The countryside was full of so many 11.142 people that it looked like a fully inhabited city! Every man with a family had put up screens between the trees, creating a place for his wives and children to sit. During the summer, all the residents of Adana would flee the city because of the intense heat and stifling conditions, and come to this province. They’d spend the summer there, people of every profession: merchants, tailors, carpenters, and other artisans. There was even a market, furnished with all the same things one would find in the city.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� � ب ب �ا ب ب ب � ة ���ا ا �� �م�د �� ب���ة ا د �ب�� � ��ب د �� ب��ا ب�ب�ة�� ب��ا �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� م�� � � �و����� ا �ل��لة���ل � �لو ب� � و ة� بر ح ب ة� ة ة � ب � � ا � �ب ب � ب ا ب � � ة ب � ا ا ا ح��د�ب�ا � ا � ب ا ة � ب � � � � � � � � � ا ل � � ح��ةس ا ة� ا �ل�ةل�ل� �ة� ���د ا ل�ة���ل �و���� ��ل�ةس �� را � ك� ��� �و ب� ر ب ح� �ل �و����� ء � او �و�ل�د م ��و ب � � �م ة ب � � � ة ب ا �� � ب � � ة ب ط��س� ب ا ح ة� ا ب�ل ��ب� �������ا �ب�� .ا�ا�م ا د � ح��ل ب��ا ا ��� ا د �ب�� �وبل بر� ب��ا � � ح��مر ��ة� ا � ة ةب ح�د ا � �له�� ��ر ر �و� ����� ر د � ة � � ة ب ب � �ة � ا ب � � ة ة ة ب ب ا ا ا � � ا �� ب��ا �����ب��ا � �و���د ا ا بل � ل�� ��ة� ك���ل د �ور ة� �ل� � ح��مر �ل�� ا بر�ل����ةس �� ���ر� �و�ع�م� ر��� �م� را ��ة� �م��� � � ا �� ة ���ع ب� ة ة �ب ب � � ب �� ����� ب��ة ب�� ��و�ة� ا �ل�و���ب� �وك� ���ا ب�� ة� ا �عة� ب�� ة� ��� �ع�م�ا ر�ة�� � �� �� � ب� �� ل ا ���ر ب ر ��ة� �مر� ة�� بل��د ب� ر رب ة� ة ة �ة � ب � ب �� ��ً�ا � � �ب � ب � ب ���� ب ا�ام��ل�ك �و�ع�م ة� ب��ة�ر ب� ا�ام��ل����� �هة��ل�� �ب�� ا � �� ح����ور� ا �ة�� ور ة ���� ب�ر�مس ا را ���ة� ���� ةس ر م ��� �� ا �� ا ب � ����ل ة ا �� �م�د �� ب���ة ا �� �لة��د �� ا ��ل ���م � �لب � �ع�م ة ا ل ا � �ب ا�ا�م�� ب � ب �ب ح�� ���ا � س رة� و ر� بربج �ة� ةس و ب ر ا ��م �� ب �ول ة� � و � ة� ة ة � ب � �م��س� ���ة���ل �ل���د �ل �ع ب���. �ب � ا ب ب � ب ا ة� ة � ة � ب ح � ا � ا ا �� ب ا � ب � ح��د ب� ك� �م ار ��ة� �و������ � او � ��ا ��س� ح ة� �ل��ل�ك ا � �له ب��ا ���ر � بو�ل���د � ��� بح� لة��� �ل�م� لر��� ح��ل ��� ب ر م � � ب ب ب � �ب � ب ب ب ا �� ا ح��دا ر � ح�ة� لةر�ة� ا ب� ك� ��ا � ا � �و ب� ح��د �م ب��ا �م�ا ا �ع ��ط�ا ا ���ب��ب� ب�� � ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �ب ��و��� ر ا�م�د �ل�ور �و��� ر ة ج ب ب � � � �ب ك� ���ل �مب���� ا ر � او � �ورة�ة��� �و�ل���د� ا �ة�لة��د � ا ��� �ع ب��د �ة� � او �ب�ا ك� ��� ة� �مة� �� �ة�لة���ل ب��ا ا ر �و �ة� ا �ورا �ة �� � �� م ة ب ة م ب � ة م � ب � ب � ح�ة� ا ر� �و�� �ور��ة� ب���ة��ا �ل� او ��ل�� ب��م�ا ���ة ا � �لة � �ة�� �بر� ح�� �ب���ل ا ر ب� �� �ع ب��� ���د ا � ��� �م�ا ب��ة��� ��ط�� ا ���ب��ب� � ة ب ة ة ة ة ع م ج � � ا ا ب �ة � � ة��د � ا ب���د �م ب � �ل� � � � حب��� � او ل��ر�م��. ����س ر ة� ح �� ب �ل و ب و�ل� �� م� ة � � ب ب ب �ب �� ��ب� ا ��ل ��ا ��ل �و�م�ا ��� د �ة ب� ���و�� �ب�ا � ة � �س�ة��م ب��ا د ��ل��ك ا �ة ��و� ��� د ��ل��ك ا�ا ك� �ب � م��ا � �و�ع ب��د ر م ة ر بع ة بة � � ب � � ب �� ة ب ة � ة ب�عر�و ب� ا �ل ����سم�� را د � او ا �� �لة��ا ���ر ب� ��� او ب�� ب��ا �ك����ا � ب��ا �ه� �ام�ا د ا �ب��د �� �����ا �ر� او �ب���ل ا �ل�و�ك ة� حة��� ة��م � � س � م م � ة � ا ة بة ة ب � ب��ا � ا ب ا ا ب ا ة ب ���د ا ا�ا م��ا ب� �م��ل���ط�ا � ا �م��� ���د �ب�ا ا � � ك ح� ب� �ل �و� �ب� �� ب�� � ��هب���ل��ةس ����ة� �ب� ب� ا �ل�س �� ة��س�م� � ار � �ل� ��ب�ة� و ب رة ب م ب ب � � � ب ب ب ب � � � � ��د � ������ � ��م ��اب � ط�ه ب��ا ا �م ��ه � ك��� �م ب��ا ���د � ب��ا � � �� ���د ا ا �ل�� ح��د �مب��� � � � � � � � � ل � � ا ل � ك � � � ل� � � � � � ل � و ر و ر � ب � ل ة ة ة و ب ة ل ر ة م رم �ب ب � ا� ب ب � ب � � � ا �ب � � � ا ا � ب � � ب ح�ل��� � � ع � � � �ة� ���د ا ا �ل�لة���ل ا �ة� ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� ���د ا ا �ب�� ب� ا�م�د ل��ور �و�ه�و �مر�مس ب�را ����ود ود � �ب ب ةة ة � �م �ب�ا ح�� ا ����� ��� �ةل��� �ب�ه� ب� ا ّٰلل� � ب� � ب ا ب ب � � � ا و رب ���� ��م �ع ��م ����د �ة��د � او �ل�د �ة� ب��ة��د � ل ة ب ةر ب � و ح�� �مس د �ل�ك ا �ب�� ب� �و� ر � ا � ب ���س ا � ب ا � ب � حب��� �����ا � بم �ب�ب� بر��ل ��ب� بل بر �و��ل �و�م بس ��� ة��مة�ب�� ب��ا ب� � �و�عر�م�ا ب� ا ���بس� ر �و مس ��� �م� ��� ��ة���� � ع ���ة�� ل س ة � ة� ج ة م �� ل س ا �و�ورا � ب�ر. ب ب� ب ب ب � ب ب �� ة �ب �ب ا �� �ل � ب ب� � ة �� ب ة �س�ة��م ب ا �� � م����� �وحس �ر�� ���ةس ا �ة� �رب� ���� ل�ة���ل .حة��ً�د ا ��د ر� ا �لب� ر �ود� ��ا � � � � ة با ب � با � � � ا با ب ة � ا �� ب��د ا �م ب ���ط� ���ة ا ��ل�س � ة ��ب ة ة �ب ح�ة� ك��� لر�ة� ا ���د �ة� �� ر�ل ���لة��� �م���ل ا �ل�� بد���س �و�ل� ���د �� � �ل��د ر و س ر وب ب ر ة � بب � � ب ب ب ب ب � ة � ة ب � ة ح� ا � ا �ل ا ����� ب ���� ��� � ���ه�ور � � ا �عة��� ب��ا �م بس د �ل��ك ا �ل�و�� ا � ك � �ل��� ةس �ة�ل���� او �م بس ���� ب� ل�م� حة��� � ب ة ر � ة م ة ج 238
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Chapter Eleven
We passed the evening in that place then took to the road again at mid- 11.143 night, headed for the city of Adana. Along the road, we came upon some men, women, and children making their way to the countryside at night, carrying torches as though they were parasols. By morning, we’d arrived in Adana, and set up camp beneath the bridge there, under one of the dry arches.59 This bridge has forty arches, and I’ve never seen such an edifice in all my travels. The smallest stones used to construct it were the size of Frankish tombstones. The whole structure is simply indescribable. It was built by Empress Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine. She also built other bridges, as well as a paved road from the outskirts of Istanbul to the city of Jerusalem, and towers in various ports. Her story is too long for me to recount here. Shortly after we halted beneath those arches, a Christian man came over 11.144 to us accompanied by a person wearing the uniform of an official. He wanted to confirm that we’d all paid the toll at the mountain pass I mentioned earlier. “Show me your papers,” he demanded. After all had shown their papers, he came over to me. I crouched, pretending to fumble around for my papers, and the other people in the caravan told him to leave me alone. “He’s a Frankish doctor,” they explained. “He doesn’t need to pay the toll. Even the master of Misis wouldn’t take anything from him. In fact, he treated him as a guest.” At this, the official pulled away and left me alone. We spent the rest of the 11.145 day there, and when the sun went down, the muleteers elected to start moving again. “Why do you want to leave early?” we asked them. “We’re heading for a pass called Karanlık Kapı, or the Gate of Darkness,” they said. “It’s full of bandits; if we don’t want to run into them, we need to cross at night.” We did as they asked: All of us mounted and we set off into the night. We soon arrived at the pass. Constructed of black stone, its interior was plunged in profound darkness, terrifying anyone who entered. With God’s help, we emerged safely, and as we continued the road began to descend. To our right was a lofty mountain, thick with trees. To our left was a vast thicket, beyond which lay the sea. We pressed on apprehensively. As midnight approached, the humid sea air 11.146 became cool and we could see the dew settling on us, heavy as molasses. The
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ا �� ب� �ة ا ة ة � ا د � � � �ة ب ���ا ل ب �م ب ا ��ب����� ا ��ل�� بد �� ا � ة � � ّ �ب ة ة �و ل �س�� ة� �س�و�ة� ����ة� ك������ ب��و ة� و ب س ة ���ة�ر �م� ���د � ا ��د ر ا � ة س س � � � ً � �مة��� �وبل ب ��رل ة� �م ب ب� ا ��ل �وا د ا ��� ا �ل�ار ب��س �و� � ح ة� �ع بس ا �ل��س�� ا � �لة��ب���ل � �� ���� �ة��لة��ل�� �ود ب� ح��ل ة� ح� ل س ���هر ب � ة م ب �� ا �� ب �� � ة ب� ة ب ��ب بد ��ل��ك ا ��ل�ا �م�ا ب� � �� �بل�� ة ���د � ��� �� ب �ب��د �� � ا ب��ة � � � � � � � ا �� � م م � � ك �� �م � � � � � � � � � � � ة ر ب ة� س ة� ة� ة س ة� ر ة و ة ر وة ر س ب � ة � ب �مس ����د� ا ������س. ب � � � � �ب ب ��ل ا �� ب� �ة ة �ب ب � ا � �ة �ب � � ���دة� ��� �ا�م�ا را ء رب���ة��ا � ا � � با با � ا ا � � ����د ��س �مر� او ��مة� ا�� ل عرك� �ة� ا � ��و�م �مر ل����ل � او �� �� ة �م ا �م� �� س � ب ح ب � ا �ب�ا ب�ع �ة�ا ب� ��ب ا �� ب�� � �ب��ل�م�ا ���د � ��� ب��ة�� � ب � � �ب ا ��� ط�س ط�س � � ح ب � او �ب�ا ل ا � � ب ا �م ا ب ا � � مس ��لة�� ���� ر ة س بر �ة� م�� �ة� �ب� � �� ة س س و ر ة� وم بة � ب ا ب ط�� � � � � � �� � � ح�ب��د �ب��ة � ب �ة� رب���ة��ا �ة�� ا � � �ب���ل �و�ل���د �ع ب��� �ب�ا � � � ا � �لة � �س��� ط� ا � �ل� ��ل ����دة���س �ب�ة�ر�ة��د ةل��ل� ����د ��س� .ة ً ر ر ع �� �جب ب ة ب � � ب � � ة ة � � �س��� ا �ب��� ة ح�ة ة��مب��� � �ام�ا �ب�� � ب �� ة� د ا ��� �ل����� ا ��س�م� ب� ار ��س ا � � ����د ��س ��م�ا ��س�م�� ة� � ة� ة� و ر ر ب� ��� � او �ع ��ة ة ة� ع � � ب ��� �ة�م �ة�� � �ب � ة ��� �ة ب���ة��ا �ة�� � ا �ب�ا �مة��� ة� ��ب ا ��ل ��� ب � �م�ا � � ب ����� �م بس ���د ا ب�ل��ل ا � � و ب ة� ر س و ح�ة� ةل�ل�� ر ����دة���س �مس ك��ل و ة ب رة� ة ب ب � � ا� ب ب �ا ب � ب �� �ا ب �ا ب ة ب ا � � ح � � ا � � � � � � � ا ا � ا � � � طهر� و ه�و �ل� ر ل ة ب رة� و � �مرع�و ب� مس د �ل�ك ك ��ة� ك م�� � م�� � ��ل�و� �ة� ���ة� ���ة� � � � � � ب � ة ةب � ب م�ا ب ���� �������ل ة �ل�ا ��� ���سم�� ة� ب��ة��ة ��و�ل� او �ب�ا ب� �����و��س ����ل � ك� �وا � بو��ة��هة���ل� او .ا�ا�م ار د � �� � ب ة � �مر� ا ��سس��ة�� ��ة� ة ب �� � � � ة � � ة � ة ب � ا ا � د������ةس �و�م� �ب �ل�� ��� ��م او ا رل��د ��� ���د ا ا � ����دة���س. �مرة��م ا �ل���د ر ة� � او � �ل�� ة ة ع ب �ب � ب ح��ا � ة � ح��� � ����� � او رك� �� ب� �ب�مو�ة��ب� ة� ��ب� �و ب� ح ���ر ��ب� �ب�ا ��� �ب�ا �� ا د �و��س ���� � ح�ة� ا ���د �ة�� � ة ة ة ة ة ة� ة ب ب�با �ة �ة ة ب ب ��ا ب �مب ب � ب � � ب � ة ���ا ب� ة� ك� � � او رك� � � �� ب� ��م�ا ك� � � � � ل � � � � � � ا � � �م� �ة� ب��د �ل�ك بل��ل ك� � ةرل�د ةو ب رة� ��� � ر� �موة� و �لو��ة� ر �ة� � ب � ب �س��� �م ب ���د � � ا �م ���� �� �م�� � �� � ب �ة ��ب� �م�ا ���ا ر �ة����ة�ر �ل�ا ��ة� �ع�ب� ة� � ح�ا ��ة� ��م�ا را ��ة ة� س ة ة� و �ة� �ة� � �ة� و ر � � � ب ب � ا � ��د � ا ��ل�ة � ب � ة � � � ا ا ب � ع � ����د ��� �و��� ر ة�م����� ���� �م���ل�� �و���د � ك�� ��� ب� ا �ل� ���د ة� ا � � حة�ب��� �مس �مرة��م ا �ل� ر ة� �ة� ة س ة � ب � ا ة ة �� �ب ة ب� ة ب � ح�ب��د � ب ة � ���ا �و�م�ل�� �� ��� ا ��ل � � � � ا � �� ا � �� � �� � ���د � � �� � م�� � ��ا ر��س ��ل�م� ر ة� دة��س ة� �ة� ة ر ة ً و � ا ��سس���� �ة� ة � ب � � ��ة ب � ب ح��ا ة � ة ��� ة� �ب��ل�م�ا ركب� �� ة� �برك� ��� ة� �م�ا ��� د ا � � ر ب� ����دة���س ة �� ����� ا � �ل��د ا �مة��� �و���� ب� ح��� ��ة� �ة � ��ب� ��ط ب�ل��ل ب ة � ب � ب � ب � � �ب ����ل ب �� � �ة �ب ح��د ���� ب� � ب � ح�ب��د � ط�س � ��و��ة� د ر ����ةس ح��� �مو ��� ل�ل ����ل �و�م�ا ا � ل حة� ة� ���ا ر لةرل��د � � حب��رع��ة�� .ة ً ة ب ٰ � ���ط�ا �ب�ل �م� � �� � ة� ا ّلل� �ةل���ا ���� ���� ا � �� �و�ة�. �س ل ح����ا �ب�� �� و ر و ة� و ر ة ة� � � ب ب ب ب ب � � م ة � � � � ة ا ا ا ا ا ب � �و�ل�ا بر�� ب��ا ���� لةر ل � � م�� � ب� �ر � ار��ة� ��� د �ل��ك ا� ك� ح�� �و����ل ب�� ا �� � ك� م�� � ��م �رة�ك �������ل ة ة ةس ة �� � ��� � � ة �ب ب � � ا �� � � �� �ل � ا �ب ا ة ا �� �ة �ب ا ب � � ب ب �� ب ةة �س�� ل����ل �و � ح�ل��س مس د �ل�ك �ك ������� ل��دة ��ة� �و م���ة��� �ة� د �ل�ك ل��م �رة�ك بل�� ��مة� ب� ة� � ب � ا�م ب ة � م��ا ب � ا �ب�ا �ة�ا �ل� ا ��ل ���م ��� �بم� ����ل ة� ا ��� �� � �ب��ل�م�ا ا ب��ة� ة ا�� � �ب� ب� ��� � حب���ل � ...ك����� ة� ة� ��� ا� ك� � و بع رة ك و �ة بر �ة ب � � ب حة �� � ��� ب �م � � ب ع� ��ب� � م���� ب��ا ��ل��ة بر� ا ��ل ���د � ��� ��م�ا ��� د �و �و�ة��ب� �� ...ا � �ل ب��بس ا� � �� حة �� او � ... � ة � ة ب ب � � ر ة س ة ة م 240
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Chapter Eleven
fog was so thick we could scarcely keep our eyes open, and men were falling off their horses left and right. As for me, I was feeling too drowsy to continue at that pace, so I galloped ahead of the caravan and stopped about a mile down the road. I dismounted and went to the side of the road, into the thicket. I wrapped the horse’s reins around my wrist and lay down as if I didn’t have a care in the world, such was the extent of my fatigue. I fell asleep instantly, and when the caravan passed I was still sleeping. 11.147 When my horse saw all his fellow horses passing by, he began to whinny. But I remained sound asleep, dreaming that a horse was whinnying! The caravan passed, making a din, then rumbled away. In his eagerness to join his fellows, my horse tugged on his reins. That woke me up, and I immediately pricked up an ear, listening for the caravan’s bells, but didn’t hear a thing. Meanwhile, the horse was pulling on the reins with all his might, trying to drag me along after his harness-mates. I held fast to the reins, but had no way to mount him while he was pulling me forward! I ran along in terror, remembering what I’d heard about the brigands in these parts who robbed people and killed them. As I prayed to the Virgin Mary and the saints for help, my strength began to flag. How much longer could I keep running alongside the horse? It then occurred to me to wedge my foot into the horse’s surcingle and hoist 11.148 myself up. I stood in front of him and tried to calm him down but he wouldn’t let me climb up. Instead, he ran off again, dragging me along! At that point I gave up and decided to let go of the reins so I could slow down and walk. Whatever happened would happen: I didn’t care anymore. Wouldn’t you know it, when I did that, the horse calmed down and began to walk slowly as well! This was nothing short of a miracle worked by the Virgin Mary, to whom I’d appealed for aid, along with my guardian angel. Once the horse slowed down, I put my foot in his forward surcingle, heaved myself up, and mounted him. As soon as I was on his back, he immediately set off at a gallop of his own accord, bringing me back to the caravan without anyone suspecting a thing. After being scared wide awake, I felt revived again and thanked God Most High for His beneficence. We pressed on to60 an area full of rocks. I spotted a smooth trail through 11.149 and steered my horse toward it. Then I proceeded down the trail, knowing
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ب ة ب ب ح� ب ا �ب ب � � ا�� م��ا ب� � �ه� � ة �ب� � او �ب�ا �م�ا د الةر ��ا ��� � ...او � د ��ل��ك ا ����� ��� � ح��� ��� ...هر �م �ر� �ة� د �ل�ك ا� ك� و و بة ب � ب �� � �م ب ا ب ا ��لس � ب ب ب ب���ة ��� � ا � ا �� � � ب ب ط��س� ب � ب � �� ب��ا � ع��ة�� و س ب� ح� �� ب� ة�م� ���ا ر٢ ةس �ة��� ��ة�ر � ...ط 1ب� ة� س وك ���ا � د �و� �و� �مس ا � � م � ب � � ب � ة ة ا ة � �� ب��ا �م ب ��ا � ���� � ��ا ��ا �� �ل��ب�� �م ب د �ل�� ا �ل���� � �م� ب ���ا بر ة� ��ا ��ا �� ���ل�م�ا � �ل ا ��م �� ب � ب� س �ود ب� ل ا � ك � � بة س س ب و و و و ة ب ب س س ر ج ب � ة ب � � ��ا ب � � ةب ة ح��ل بل بر�ل �م بس د ك�� �� � ا ��ة� ا �ل����و�� ��م�ا را ��ة ة� ا �ل�ا ر ب� ع����ب�� �و���ا ر ة����ل��� ���� ّ ����ل��� �م�ود� و م ة� ة م ب � ب ا ���ة�س ة ب ب � � � ب � � � ا �� ة ب �� ���د � ا�م طهر���ا ��� �م بس ب��ة�ر ا �� ا �عرب��� �بك����ا �ة��� �� بحب�� �مس د �ل�ك ا � ح�� ل ا � � � ل � � � ح � � � ب � ب ر � ل � ة ة ة� ة ح��ا ا ل ب �مة� بس ا ب � ب ب ب ب ا� ب ب ا ح�ابل ب�� ا �م�ا ب��ة��� �بب� ��ا ا ب�� � ب ا ب ا ا ب ب ر ة� ة ة� ��ة��ة���ل ح�� ا �� �م� �ة� � ب س �مس �ة��ل�و� �و�م���ةس ���د � ا�م��ر��� �� ب� ة� � � ب � ��ل�� � �ب���رب� ة��� � ح��ل ب� �ب��ل�م�ا ���سم�� ة� �م ب��� ����ل ك�� �ة� ا�ام��ر�ب�� �� ��� �ب �لةهة��� ���د �ة�لة���ك ��ة� � ح���ك �و� � �م�ة�ر�و�م ب م م �� � � � � � ب� ب �� �ب ب ب ا � ة � ة � ب � �ب ة � �ة � � �بة � � ب ا � ب ���ا � ة ب��� ا �ة� � ح�ل ب� �� � او �ل�د� �وة� رل �ة� � �و �سس��د ر� م�� �ة� ��ل� ��ر�ة� �ل� �و���د ك ح�ا � ة ع � ب ا ب � � ب � ب� ب ة ا �� ب ب ب � � ب � �� � � ا ب� ا �ب �� ب ة ا �ل���ل�� ب��ة��� �و�ه�و � ح� � ا �ل�د ة� حس �� �����ةس �ة�� �وك ���ا � � او �ل��د� �ع���د ���مر�ة�� �� �ة� �� � طو� ع � ب ا� ب�� ة ب ا � ب با � ة �وك� ���ا ب� ل ا ةر �����ل� او ا �ة� ب�ل�� ب� �����م �و�م ار � ���د �ة��د� �عر�م ب�� � ا �ة� �ع��د �� �ل��لب�ة��� �ه�و � او ب����� ا�م�د ل��ور � ب ب ب بّ ��ا ب ب ب ا � ح��� �ع �ة��سم�� �و���د ا ���ب�� ب� ����ر� ة��� ��ة�. �وك�� � ب��ة����� �م ب � � بةا ة ب �� � ���� ا �� � ا � � � ة ا � �ب ب � او �لب�ةة��ب� ��� �م��س����ة� �مس �ة��د �ة� ب�ل���د �م� ���ل��م ل��دة �ة� �ة� و ح�د ح�ة� �ة �لو����ل�� �لر����� ��ة� ��ة� �ب � ب ا �� �ة �ب � � ب ب ب � �� ب��ل�� ب ا ��ل �م�ا � � بر ة� د ��ل��ك ا �ل�� ��و�ة� ا�ام�د �ل� ح�ة� �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� ب����ة��� ل ل����ل ا �ل�د �ة� لر� � ا � � �س� ل ر ر و � ة ة ة ة ة ب ب � �ب ا ب��ة ب ا � ح�ا �ب�� � � ة ة � � � � ب ب ب ��س��ا ب� �� �م�ا ح�ا �ب�� � ة ���� ا �ة� د �ة �ل او � � و � او �����د �ة� ��ة� د ربج � � ح� �ل�لك ا �ل�د �ة �ل او � ب �ة �ة� ب ب � � � ��س��ا ���ل ب ب ة� ��ا د � �ول�سم�و ب� �ورا ر ب� ������ ب�� ب�� ��و�ة� ا ��ل�و���ب� ب� ب��م � � � ع�ب���ك � او � ب�ب� ج ة ة �م�د �ة �مر �و�مرر�وع ة��� ب�� ة � �ا �ه ب ا � �ب ا ��ل ا �� ا � ��بل ا � � � ا �ب � ��ة ا �ب ا ��لب� ا � ة �� ك و �ة� �� ل مر�� د م� ب� � ة ��د رك �ة� ��د . حة�ب�ً�د ا � �لو�����ل ة� ا �ة��� �ب�ا �ب�� �ل� �ة��د �ع��م� � � ا � ا ب ا ة �� ب ب ب ب � ا ب �ب ��ل�ا �ب � ب �م ة � �� ا �� ا د �ب�� ا �� � ب �ة� �� ط� ب�س � � � � � ب ب ر ة� ح� �ة� �ب� �ة� �م� ���د � ا ك���ل ر�ر�مس د ��و ة� ة� � ر و � ح��ةس ر ة ة� ب � �� �� � �ب ب ً� � �� �ة ب� �ب ب ب � � � � ا ا � � � � � ط � � ط ب � � س س م � � � � ل � م س � � � ا ا ا � � � � �و حس ب �د ر� �م�ا ا ����ل ا ة� ح�ل ب� ر�� ة��ل �لو � � �م� �م ��ة� ���ل ك�ل م �مر ب� � ة ب � م ع ب � ب �� �� �� � ا ل ب � �ة� ���ط� ب�س ا ��س � � � � ��ة ا ب � ا � � � � � ا � ا � ك � � م � � � د � �� ب�. � � م � ��س � � � ل ل ب رر و ب � ك �و �م�ك ب ر ة� بو�� رةج و ة ب س ل ة �ب � ب ا ب� � ب ب ب �ة ب �ة ة اب � � ��ة ��ة ���ل�م�ا ا � � �مر�و� ك ك حب� ��س�� ب� � �و� �ول ��ة� � بول���د� ا �مر �ب� �����م ة بحةب� �� او � ارع �عر� �مس �عر� ا �ل� � � �ب�بس ا ب ب���ل ا � ��ة � �م ب �� ة ب ب ب ح�ه� � ح�� ةد��ة��� ا �ب� � �� ة� �وة���لة���ل�� ��ة�� ة� ���� �و ب� � � ب�� � �م� ��مر�� س ���د� ح���� ر�م�ا ��ة��� �و���� ب� ب ة� ة� ب ب با � ب � � �ا ب ة �ب � ا ا ب� � ا ب ا ا ��ل� �ة �ب ا ا ل ب � ا ب ب ا ا ��ل� �ة ا � ب � � � � � � � � ا �� � � � م ة� �ة� م� ���د � � � ح� ب ��� ب� � ���د �ر� ب ة��د � ع�� ل�و � ول�و �ل�� ��� �� ع �ة� ر� ب ة م ع � � � � ا ة ا �� �� � �ب ب ة ا �ا ب � ب ب ب ب � �� �����طب��ر�ب�ا � ����� او ا�ام�ا �ة��د� �و�و� ح���� ��مو� ��ب�� ار د ا �ل��م ار ��س ا �ل�و��م�� ��ا � ����� او �ل�لك ا �ل� ل��و�ل�� ��ة أ ف أ � ف ت �� » ا ل « ف��� ...ف���ت����ط » ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش ��ا ف� م � 1ص� فس « �ص ك� ص��س و�م��ط���و��س �ت� ال��ص�ل ٢ .ال��ص�ل :ا �ل ف����ه�ا. ح�� ف�ر �را ت� أ � تر ت� �
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Chapter Eleven
I’d be leaving the caravan behind, along with the rocky terrain. I continued to follow the trail until I arrived at a mountain cave . . . I urged my horse on but it wouldn’t take another step, halting in its place . . . some violent lashings to make it walk, and so the animal was compelled . . . that cave. Meanwhile, I wasn’t paying attention . . . and so we found ourselves stuck in that place. Below it was . . . a great river. And on its right side, there was another . . . only . . .61 Payas, and arrived in the morning and entered through the gate to the souk, which opened onto the space outside the walls. Lo and behold, as soon as we made our way into the middle of the souk, a man emerged from his shop and came over to embrace me, showering me with affectionate greetings. I didn’t think I knew the man, so I was taken aback by his warmth. “Don’t you recognize me, brother Ḥannā?” he asked. “It’s me, Ḥannā ibn Mikhāyīl Mīro, your dear friend from Aleppo!” As soon as I heard these words, I suddenly realized exactly who he was. I gave him a hug and apologized for not recognizing him right away. This fellow used to visit Aleppo with his father and stay at Khān al-ʿUlabiyyah where we lived. His father had established a partnership with my brother Anṭūn, and they would correspond. We invited father and son over to our house on many occasions, and became very good friends. That was why he recognized me. Ḥannā had someone take my horse to my companions in the caravan, 11.150 which was headed for lodgings outside the souk, then took me by the hand and led me to his house. He ushered me upstairs to a belvedere overlooking a vast orchard, extending as far as the eye could see. The orchard was planted entirely with citron, lemon, and orange trees; what an exquisite sight it was! We sat down and Ḥannā ordered his servant to prepare lunch for us, but I begged him not to let them cook anything greasy, as I’d made a vow not to eat any fat from the time of my arrival in Adana until I reached Aleppo, fearing I’d have indigestion. At this, he gave an order for them to prepare a plate of mujaddarah with rice, some saltwater fish, bottarga, and other tasty dishes. Then he had a bottle of fine aged arak brought over, and poured me a glass. 11.151 I had a drink and was bowled over by how strong it was. At length, when I had gathered my wits again, I turned to my friend. “Brother, what kind of arak is this?”
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ة ب �ب ب ب � ب ��ا ب ا ب� �ع �ة ��بم�ا ���م �� ة� ا ب��م�ا ���م �� ب��ا ��� � ب ب ����ا ح��ل� � ب � حة�ب�ً�د ة������ةم�ة� �بس � ر ر� �� ب� �ب����د � و ع ا �ل���د ا ��ب��ة��د ��ة بر بر ة ب ب � ب ا بل � ب ب � � ة ا ب ا� ب � ب ب � ب ا �ة �� �ب����ا �ة�لة� ���ل � ب ا ب ر �ه�و� �ول �ر�� �سم����ة� ��ة� د �ل��ك ا �لب����س�� � ا�م��ل�و�ة�� �مس ا �ل���د ا �ك��م بر���� ا � �ل � ط��� او ��� �مس ب � � �� � ب� ب ب �� �م� � ا ب ب ���ا د � او �ل��ةل�سم�و ب� ا ��ل � حة��ا ر �و�م�ا ة� ���سب��� د �ل��ك. د �ل�ك ا � ب��� ���ل�و � بو�ل����س ��م او �ة�� ���ل ر م� � �و ب ا ة ة ة ب �� � � � � بة ة ة �� � � �س���م� �ع��د� ا �ة� � �� �مر�� �ود �عة��� �و�م ب� ح� ا �ل��� ��ة�� ة� ا ��ة� �ع ب��د ا ر��ا ��ة� � ب�و��� ب��ا �ل��ل�ك م م � � با � ا ��ل��ل��� � � �ب ة ا �لس � ب ب ب � ب ب ب ب ا �� ب ا�� � ب ا ة ل� ����� ح�� ب �ر ا �ة� ا � �م���ة� �مس ا �ل�لة���ل �������� �و�مس �ه�� ك ركب���� ل��د ��س�� �و��م �ر� ا �ة� ة ب � با � �ب � �ب � � �ب �ب � �ب � � بل ب �� ب ا �ع ب ا ��� � ب � ا � ة ب ة �س�ة��م ب��ا بد ��ل��ك ا ��ب���ا ا � � � � � � ا ا ا �ر ا � �و���ل�� ة� �س���د رو� وك��� �س���د رو� و ر�� ��د ل��ةس و با � با � ب �ب � � � ا ب � ب ا ا ب �ه ب��ا ك �و�ل���د �م�ا �ة� ���ل � � ة � � ط��� او ا �ل���لة ��� ا �ل�د � او ب� �م���ة���� �و�م ةر���� ���ة� ب��ة��ل� � �ة� ا �ل�لة���ل �و�ل� ر��� ���� لةرةلس ب � ب ب ا �� ة � ة � �ة � ب ب ا �� � �ل� � ب ا �� ب ا ب �ل� � � � ح� � ا ب��د�ة��د �و مس �ه�� ك ا �� �ر ��ط ��ل� � �و مس �ه�� ك ا �� بح��مرا � ح�ة� �و���ل�� ا �ة� � ��د�ة��د ة ة ة ة � بة ب � ا� � ة � ��ة��� بل بر� ب��ا ���� � � حب��� ا �ل���ا ���� � ب�و��� ب��ا �ه ب��ا ك. �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك ا �ة� �م�دة����� ا �� ��ط� ة� ة ة ب ب ة ب ��� ب ب ب � ب ب �� � ةب بب � �و�ا �ة� �ة �لو�م ����ا � �ر�ا �و�م ةر�� ب��ا ��ة� ����و�� ا �� ��ط�ا �ة��� ���ر�ل ة� �م بس ���� ل��دة�����ة� �و�و���� ة� ���� �ر� ة ة ة ح ة ا �ع �����ة��� � ة ��� ���ا ��ب � حب�� بر ب�ب����د �م�ا برا ب� ���� ا ��بل �ب�� بر ا ب�ر ب� ح�ة� ا ������ر�ة� ب� ح���� �م� �م �ر�ا ة� � و ة� ة ة ة ة ة ة ب ب ب ب ة � ة ة ب ة ب ا ا ا ا ا ا ا � �م ة� �م���ب � � � � د �ة �ل او ��ة� ��م�ا ب���ل �ة� � ح�د ه�م ب�ل��ل �� �ة� �ب��د� ب�ر�� � � او �� �م� ����هة� ب�ر�� � �� ح� ر ة � ح ة � ة ا ة��� � ا �ب ا � ا �ب ا ب �� حب ��ا �� �و����م ���سة��� �م ب بر� �لة��� � او � حة���ك ا ��ل�ا ة��د ا � ا ��ل �م �ةر�� ا ��� � � � � � �م م ل � � � � ر و � س ر ة ة ة � ب �ة م م �ا ���� ة �ة�ا ب ح��د �م ب �����ا �م��ل��ة ا ��ل�����ل���ط�ا ب� �ل�� ���ة ���د �����ا �م��ل��ة ا � ب�ل� � �ب�ا �لس�م ة� ا �� ب��ا �� � �ل��ب��ك �م�ا ر ب� ة � رجب س س ب ل ب رة ب ا ا �� ح��د � ا �م ب� ا�ا�م�م ��ا ة � ا �ع ���ط � ب ا ��بل ب ب ب بة � �ة ب ة �ب��ر ح��د ح�ة� ���ل �� او �ة��د �ة� �مس ر�ة�ل��� � او � و �ة� � رة � و �و�ة� ���لة��� � �وب� بل � �ة ب � او ��ط��ل� ��و��ة� ب�����ل��� . م � � ة �� �ة ا �� �لة �� � ���� � ة � ب � ب �� ة ة ا �ب��� ب�ة�� ة� �ع ب ب ل � ح � � � ا � � � م � ح � � ل� � � ��م ل حة��ً�د ركب��� دة �ة� و ر� و ر ب � س ب ب� ب �و��س ة� �� ل � س � � � ة �ب ب �� �ب ا ة ا � � ا ب ا ب � ا ة ب ب ة � ط�� ة� ا �ل��س�� ا �ل��س�� ���� ح� �ة� ا �ل� � او �� �ب��س ا �لب������ ��� ةس � او � �ل� ��ل ���� �و�م���ة��� �ة� ��ة�ر ��س���� �م� را ��ة� � ة � �بك��م ة� ا د �ور �ب�� ب ا ���بس ��ا ر ا ��ة��و ة� �و���� او ��ة� �م�ا ء �و�م�ا ���د ة� ا �عر�ب� ا ��ل��د ر ب� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� ب� حة� ة� �م ب��� ةس ر ة ب ب ا ب ة ب � ا ��� � ة ب ب ب ة ة ة ب � ة ة ا ا ا � � � ح� ���� ��� � او �� �ب �له���ل �ب�� ا �ل� بس �� ر � او � �ل � ��ر� �� ا �مر� � او � � �س���م� � �� ����ل �� ��ة� � بو�ل���د �ع���. س ة ة ة ة ة ة �ب ّ � � ب ا ب� ة م � ً �� �ب �ع ب��د ا ��ل��د � �لة ��ا �ة ا ّٰلل� ��ا �� ب�ل� ب� �ب ا �� ة� �م�ا � � �مر� ب� �� ل حة�ب�ً�د د ا ��� �ة� ا �ل�د ��ة�� � او ح� رر ة� ة ة� ب رج رة ح�د ا �و س � ب � � � ة � ا ّ ة ة�� � ب م��ا ب � ب � � ب ا ة � ة � ا ب � ب ب ب � ا�� ��ة� د �ل��ك ا� ك� � ر ب ح��ل ��ل�ج �� � �لو����ل� ا �ة��� �ب� ��� �ة��د ل ��ة� ���ة�ا ����ر�ة�ل� ب�� د ���ة� �و���ة� ا ب�س��ة� ب حب� �م ب �ةل��ل�ك ا ��ل������ا �ة�� ب ا ��� ا �م�ا � ��ا � � �ل ����� � � ��ب ة �بة ة �� ب ب � حة�� ك��� � او ر� او ��ة� ك ب�س�ه��� ا �ة� ا ��� ا �ر ب ة� س ب ةس ة� م ب ب ب و س � ة ا ��ل ة �م ��� ب ا ا �� �ة �ب �مب� ةل �� ب ����� �و� � ك � �س��� ��� ��� �ة� ل� � � ح��د �ة�. ��� ��ل و ��ة� و ر ة ة ة 244
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Chapter Eleven
“It’s the sort that prevents indigestion,” he explained. “If not for this drink, we’d all be suffering from bad vapors in the gut.” A little while later, they set the table and brought the delicious foods. He then tried to give me another drink of arak, but I wouldn’t accept. Instead, we drank some good wine with our lunch. When we were finished, we had coffee and went for a stroll through that magnificent orchard, fit for a king. As we passed, the gardeners plucked citrons and sweet lemons for us, and other fruits too, such as pomegranates and cucumbers. I stayed at his house until the late afternoon then returned to my compan- 11.152 ions. We spent the night on the seashore, and at midnight set off for Alexandretta. When we arrived, we pitched camp by the spring and spent the day there. After gathering some fodder for the horses, we set off again, passing Belen during the night, and continuing to Khān al-Jadīd. From there, we journeyed to Qurṭ Qulāq and Jisr al-Jadīd, and from there to Antioch. We camped on the banks of the Orontes River and spent the night there. The next day, we set off again, passing through the souk of Antioch. I got 11.153 off my horse and made a stop at the bakery of an Armenian from the region of Sassoun, to buy some bread. After the baker weighed the bread, I took out some Ottoman coins to pay for it. But he wouldn’t accept them, demanding jarq coins instead, which I didn’t have. Annoyed, I grabbed him by the collar and forced him down. “You’d better accept the sultan’s coin or I’ll drag you to a judge!” I scolded. “To think that you’d ask for Frankish coins instead!” A crowd of people gathered around us and struggled to pry my hands from his collar. They took my money, gave me the bread, and bid me farewell. I mounted and set out through Saint Paul’s Gate in pursuit of the caravan. 11.154 Somehow I lost my way and took the wrong road. Before I knew it, I found myself on a path that ended in the middle of some orchards. I wandered for a good long while among the mulberry trees and waterwheels, with the caravan moving farther away with every passing minute, and I felt increasingly panicked. But my distress was followed by divine deliverance! It took the shape of a passing peasant, whom I begged to guide me to the road. “Follow me,” he said kindly, and led me out of the orchards and back to Saint Paul’s Gate, where I’d started. He showed me the road the caravan had taken, then left me to find my way.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
ة بة � ب � � � ب �� ح��د ا �ل��ل� ��و��س �و�ةل��رل ب��� �م بس ���ة��اب �ة� � �وة�ا ب� ���د � ب�� ا � ح��د �ر �ة��ل�� ��ة� ا �����ر� �لة� �ة� �مر� ا �� ل � � او �ب�ا � ةة ة ة � � � � �ب ا � � ب ح � ��� ا � ب� �ة ا �ب ا ا � ب بة �ب ح�ا ا� � �و�� � او �لر ب� ����طب��ر ة� � ��� ل���ل ر ة� ر��� �م� ����دة���س � � ح��د ��ا ة� �ب���ة� ة� �ب�ة� بس ا �ل� ٰ � � � �ة �ب ���د � ��� ��� �ة�د ر �م�ا ا � ك ح��د �ة� �و�����ل�م ة� ّلل� ا �ل�ا�مر �و����ة� ة� ا � � �� �ب�ا �ل�� بر�م ة� �ب�ا �ام����ة�ر �و� م��مب��. ة س ة� ة � � ةب ة ب ب � � ب � �� ���د ا � ب ب �و ة��ا ���ر ب� حة�ب��ا �ل�ا�ب���� ا � � �س� � ح��ل ب� حة�ب�ً�د ك������ب� ة� ���� ر ب� ح�اة��ة� �����ر��ة� �و ك ���ا � ا �� ���د �و ��ة� � م �ب ا �� �ة �ب �ب ا ة �ب ب ة ة ا ��� � ب ا ا �� �ة �ب ب� ا �ب � �� ا �� �ب �� �� ا � � ل � ا ا ا � ا ل � � �� � � � � � � ح ل �د � � د � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ل و ر �ل �و ب ة و ة� ط ة وةرة� �ة� ل����ل �م� ر�و�و ة� ر ر ب ة ة � بّ ب ة � � ب ب ب بب ب ا ة� ���س ���ا ر ��ة� ���ل�م�ا �رب� �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �ورا �ة� �رج� �و���ا ر ة�����ا �ل ��ة� �م�ا �ه�و ا �ل���ب�� ب� �ب�ا �ة� ���ل�� ة� � ة ب ب ا � ة ا �� � ا � ��� �� � ��ب � �ة��� ة�� � .كةة ��ب �ة��ل� � ا � ة � م �ع بس ا � �ل � �س�ب�� ���مر ة� �ب�ا ��ل����ل�� �م�� ل ����ل �� � ك �د � � � ب� و ة ً ر س ة� و ح��ة����ل�� �ب� ب ر وة ة و ة � � � ب ا �� ا �� �ة �ب � ب �و�م ����ة�� ة� ������ ا ��ة� ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� ل ����ل � او � ك ح��ة� ة� ����� ���ب�� ب� �ع�و��ة�. ة م حب ح ب � او �� �ل �ة ا �ب�� � او د �� ا ب��ل �و��م �ب�ا �م����ا �ب ل ب ا ��� ا ب� �و����ل ب��ا ا ��� � او د �� �ب�ة����س�م�ا � او د �� ا ب��ل � � � ة ر ة س � ة س رةس ة ة � ب � ا�ا� � ب ا ا� � � ب � ب ة �ا ة ب ة � � ة ة��� .ا��م ار د �ل�ب�� ب��ا ��ا ���ة�� ب��ا ��ة� ا�ا�مر�ور �ة��� �م������ا � �ع �ة��سم�� �و�م�ا ���ر�ل��ل�ك ا �ل��د ر �و ب� ا �ل����مرم����ة� �� � ة �ة ب ا ب � � � ب ا �� ب ا ب � ب ا � ة ب ب ا ب ب � � ة با � ��� ر ح�� �ر ب� ��� ر ا �ة� ا � ب� ح�� �مس د �ل��ك ا �ل� او د �ة� � او ��ة���� ا ��ة� ح� ر ا � � ا �س���م�� د �ل�ك ا � � ة � � ب ب ب � ة ة ��س� � ا �� ����ا � �ك����ا � �بر�ا �م بس �ه ب��ا ك �و�مر�� ب��ا ����� ب� �رة�� � 1و�ه ب��ا ك ب���� ب��ا �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��لة���ل�� ا ��ة� ا � ا �ب��� � ة ب ج م ب ة ة �ع � ا ��ا ا ب�� ���س�ة � �ل���د � �م�� ب � ����ل ب�ا ا �� جب��ا ب ا ��ل������ ب��ة�� ب�ا �ه ب�ا � �ة�ا � � � د ب ح��ل ب��ا � � ا ح � � � ل ل ة� � و �ل ر �ة� �ة� بو ة �و ةس و ة� �ل ب ك و ة� ة �وم � ب �ل� ة � ة ة ا �ة ب ب� � � ب � ب ح��ل ب� ���ا ر رلر�ل�� �ع �ة��سم�� �م�ا ���ا ر �مة���ل���ا ��� ا � �� �و� ب��ا ا �ة� � � ح�� ا ��س���� �م� ح��ل ب� �و�ب���ل د � ة� ة ب ب � ب �ب ب� � ة ح����� ب��ا ب����ا ��ا� ب � �ب � ا ��م�����ة د �ة�ا �ة�لة � بو�� ��ب� �� ل� �و��ة� ��� ���د ة� ح��ل ا �� ب��ا � ب����ا را ب�����ةس �و �ة� د � ح بس �م� � ة ة� �ل ب � ة ��س ���ا ب� بد ��ل��ك ��ب ا � ا ب� ����ه ة��م� ب � ب ب���� ة� ا ب��� ا ��ل�� بد �ة� �ه�و ��ب� برة��ا �ة� ا ��بل ���ل �وك� �س��� ٢ ١٧١٠ ة� و ر � ر ور ة ة ة � ب � �ة��ل� ا ���ة�ر �ر ب� ح��. ب ة ب ة ب � � ح��ًرا �� �م � او �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �و�ه ب��و�ب� ��ا ��ل����ل�� �م�� � او � �وا �� � س �وا ب� � � � � ا ا ا � � ا ب� م ح � � حب� � �مر� او �ة� � ة� � � � و � ة و و ب ر ة ة ة � ج ّٰ � ب � �ا ة �و�م بس �ه ب��ا ك �م ب� �وا �ل�ه ب��د �ة� ا �ل�����ل � او � �ل� ار��ة ب� ��ة�� ة� ا ��ة� ب��ة�� ة� ا ��ة� �عب��د ا لل� �و���ا ر� او ة ب�� ب ا � ب ب ة ة �ب ��ل � ا ب ��ب �ة �ة � �� ب ب ا � � � ا ب ��ا ب ب حب��ر �� �� �ع �ك� �� ا ب س �ر �ل� ��ة� ك�� ة� ���ب�� ة� �م�� ��و ب� وة � � ��و��ة� �ب� �ل����ل� �م�� �ل� � ك�� � ب�ل��ل� � ���م � ب ة ر ة ب ب ب ا ب � ب � ا ا ب ب � ة ب �� ا �� ا ب�� ا �ب� ��� � ب ب �س���لة�� �ب� �ة� ل �رل� ��ة� �مرك� ب� �و�م� ���ة� ا �ة� ا ر�م�ة�ر �و�مس ا ر�م�ة�ر ا �ة� ة� ة� طو� �مس �مر� ة ة ب ب ب � ة � � � � ب ب ��� ب � ح��ل ب� � بو�ل���د� ب�ل��ل����� � حب��ر �ب�ا � �مرك� ب� ا �ة� �م بس ا ر�م�ة�ر ا �ة� ا ��س��ب��د ر � �و�� ا ب� ك ����مر �و�عر�� ك��ل م �� ة ��ا ب ب� بة ة ب ب� ا� ب � � � اب ا � ب � ا � ب ب �ة ة ب ا ��ل ك�� � ة��� �ك�ة ��ه�س ا �ة� ا�م�د ل��ور �ب� �ة� �عرك� �مس ب �م�ل�� �و��د���� او ���ة� ر�و �ة� �ل�� �م� �� د �ب�ة�س أ كا ف� فد �ل�ك ف� » 1٧1٠ ...ف� ا ���ه�ا � ش ص��س. 1ال��ص�ل��� :تر « ٢ .و � ت� � ت� م
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Chapter Eleven
“What if I run into thieves on the road,” I thought, “and they strip me of 11.155 my clothes and take my horse?” So I stayed put for a while, hoping to catch a glimpse of someone I knew, but to no avail. Torn between fear and hope, I finally forced myself to set off on my own, entrusting my fate to God. I rode that horse as hard as I could, until I spied someone down the road coming in my direction. It was the brother of our muleteer! When they’d realized I wasn’t with them, the muleteer had halted the caravan and sent his brother back to Antioch to find out what had happened to me. He was very happy to see me, and asked why I’d left the caravan. I explained the whole story to him, and my heart finally stopped racing. Relieved that I’d been saved, I returned to the caravan with him, and told everyone why I’d been delayed. Traveling onward, we arrived at a place known as the Valley of the Jinn. It 11.156 was aptly named,62 because we found it very challenging to traverse, full of dangers and perilous stretches of road. We spent a whole day crossing that valley, finally arriving in Harim, where we spent the night. The next morning, we set off again, passing many villages and farmlands, and arrived two days later in Khān al-ʿAsal, where we stayed the night. The next day we entered Aleppo. Just before we arrived, there was a great earthquake, bigger than any that anyone had ever heard of. It’s said it lasted more than five minutes, but we didn’t sense it at all, because we were riding at the time. As soon as we entered the city, I went straight to my brother’s house in Zuqāq al-Khall—this was the end of the month of July, in the year 1710—so as to avoid making a public spectacle of my homecoming. When my brothers and sisters heard about my arrival, they all came over 11.157 to congratulate me on my safe return, and brought me fresh clothes to wear. From Anṭūn’s house, I went to the home of my brother ʿAbdallāh, where I was visited by family members and relatives, who all came by to pay their respects. It seems they’d heard I’d drowned at sea, as I’d last written a letter to my brother Anṭūn from Marseille, telling him I was boarding a ship to Izmir, and planned to continue from there to Aleppo. Well, they received the news that a ship bound from Izmir to Alexandretta had been lost at sea and all aboard had perished. They were convinced that I was one of the drowned, given that they hadn’t received any more news from me, and prayed for my soul’s eternal rest. Of course, that was because when I traveled from Izmir to Istanbul in the company of the aforementioned embassy official, I didn’t send a letter to my
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� ة � ب � � ا �� ا� ب ب ب �� ا �ب �لب�ً�ا ح�� ��ل�ا �ب �ا�م�ا ����ا �ب ة� �م ب ا ب ���م ا �� ا ��م ��� ب � ط� ح�دا ر ا �ل� ب ل �و� ح��� ب � ��ة� ا�م�د �ل�ور ر س رة ر ة� �م��ة� �ب ر ة� �� ��و�ل � س ب ب ب ��ا ب � �ب � ��ة ة �� ا ب� ا �ب � ب ة � �ب � ب ة �م�ا ��ب��� ا ة� �ة� �ب� ة� م� ح���م ��ة� ��د �و�م�ة� ��ة��� ا �ة� ا ��م �� ب �� ��و�ل �و���د ا ك�� � ا �ل���ب�� ب� ر � � ا ��ة� � ح��ل ب� �ب�ا �ل����ل�� �م��. ا ب �ًا ا � ة �ة ة �ب � ة ا ب� �� �� � ا � ا ا � �� � ب � ا ا � ب � � ا �ة ح�ة ر �س���م� �ة� ب�ة��� �ة� �ل � برل� �ة� ا ة� � � ح�ةس م� ح� �مر�و �ة� ��ةوجب � ح�ة� ع م � ��� � � � ب ة � ا � ةا ة ���� ة � � ة ة � ���س�� �ر� � بو�ل���د� ����ل���و�ة� �� ل ح��ل��� �����ر را ����ة� �و� �ل�ة�� ���� ��س �و�� �و�و�� � او ر����ل� او ة لب ���� و � بً � � � ا ح��� ب ��ة�� ة� رد��ة ة� ا �ل����ل��� ��� ا ���� �و��� ا�م ب�ر ب� ح�ة�را ةس � او �ل� ة��ا ر ب� .ا � ح ة� �م بس ا �ب�ة�� ة� �و�م ب� �ب م �ة� �ة� ة� � � ّٰ ��ا � � � �ب�ةس ب بل ب ��ل ة� ا �� ا�ا�م�د �� ب��� � �م ب ��ة�� ة� ا ��� �ع ب��د ا ب��� ��ب� ا� بم � برب� �و�ل���د ك� ���� ا ��ة� �عب��د ا لل� � � ل � ر ة� ة و ة و ة ة ة ب م م ة� � �ل� ب � �ب � ة �ب � � ة ب � ح�ا � ����ا ���� ب �ع ب ا �ل�� ا � �م�د� � � ب� �ور �و�� ��� ّ ح �ل����ل�م ة ��� ا �لة ���� ا � دك ���ا � ب�� ةس ر ة� � � ة� س و �ة� � رة�� ب ةع ب �وج ج ة �ب ة � ا � ة � ة ةب ب � ع��م ل ب � ب �و ب� ���. �س��� ب�� و �س���م� �����ةس �و� رةس ة � �� ب ب ب ��ا ب ة � � ا ّٰ �ة� ا �� � ا ب ب ب � � ة � � � ا ا ا ا ا ��� ك�� � ا ��ة� �م �ر� ب� �ة��ل� ا � � عود ا ���� �ر �وك���ل ���د ا ك�� � ب����د ب�ةر لل� ل�� �ة� �ل�� �وك�� � ���ب��ب � ب ب ب � ب� � ��ا ب �� ا ب ة ا � ح�ا ��� ب�� ب��� ب �و�م ب ا�ا�م��� ب ا ��ل� ا � ط�� ��و�ب� �وةل بر �و ب� ح ة� �و ب� ��ة� ���د � ا�ام�د� ح �� ب � � ك�� � ب ���س� ��� �و�ل��� �ة� ب و س ةس ةس ة ة ج ب � � ب � ا ب ا� ا ب ة ب � ب ب ً ���ا ب�� ة �ب����ة ا � � ا �� ا ��ل ���ب��� �ب����د �ب ب ا� عم� �ل�لر ب� ح�ل ب� � � ��ة��� �مس � ��� �ل� � �م� �م� ح�ة�ة��ا ك� � ة �ة� ر ب� � � � ع ة� ر ب ة� د ة ة� ة � ب � � � ا ا� ب �� ب � �ب�� ة � ب �� ب � �ب ب ة ب ��بهة��� ب ��س���� ��ل ةس �و���ا ر ا �ب���ة�� ب� �و����ا �ر ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل����ة � ا�م�د ل��ور �و��ة ر �ة ��ة� عس ا لر� ب���� �ة� �ة ج ّ � � � ب � ب ������ ا ��� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ب��ل�� د ا�ا�م ّر د ل� ��ر��ه �وبلر ب� ���دد�. �� ا �ة� �م�ا � ب����ا ��ة� � ة م ب ا ة ة ة �ب ��ا ب �� � ب� ��ع ب � ا ا �� ح��ل ������ل ا ��ل�� بد � ك�� �ب� ة� ����ا �ب �ة ل �� � � �س���م � د ك�� ا �و � بول��د ��س�� ب� ح� ا �ة� � ب� ��م� ة� ر � ة� � ب �ج ة � � ب ب � � ة ب ب ب ة ��ا � بل ب � � ���� ة �ب� ب ب �وا ب� �مرا � �ل� �ر����ا � �وة�� ���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� ��ة� ��د �و�م�� �م ب� ح�ا ب� �لو�ل �ل�وك�� ر و رل �ة� ب ة� � ��ة�� ة� ������ �� ا� ا ب ب ة ب � � ة ب ة ���� � ا� ب ة ا �ة� �ع ب��د� �و�����ل�م� ���لة��� �و�ه�و �م� را �ة� ��� � �ل��ة� ��م ب�ل���د� ��� ��ب����ة� ��مو�ة� ���ة ر �ل� ب ح��ل �ر�و ب��ة� �ب ب � � � ة ة ب � ب � ب ���� ب���ة� ���طج�م ب��ا �وا ب� �م بس �ع ب��د� �و�م�ا ا ���ل�مة��� ��ة� ا �ل���ب�� ب� �و �ة� د �ل�ك ا �ل�و�ك� د � ح��ل� او �ل�ه ب��د� �� ح��ة �� � ب ا�ا� ا � � ا �� ب � � � �بس ا �� � ة ا ب � ��س��ا � ح�� �ة� ��ة ر ة �لوم �وة�م� بل��د ع� حة�ب��ر ة� ���ب�� ب� ر ب�� ح�� �و�ه�و ا � م��� ب �و��� ا �ة� ا �ل ة � ا� حة ا �� � � ا � ة � �ب �ب� ب ة ح��د ب� ا ب � ا ا� ب�� �ب � �ام�ا ا ب� �س�� ح�� ر� ع �مس �ع����ل�� ا ر���� �ة� حب��ر �ب� � ا �ل��م�ة�ر ا�م�د ل��ور را ����ل��ة� �ة� ��وج ة بً ب � او �ع ���ط�ا � �ة ا ر ��ا �ب�� �ه� ة��مب��� ��ل��ل �ا ��� � ب� ���ا ب� ������ �ب�م ���ا �عب��� �و���د ا ك� حة��� ح����ة��� � ر ب و ة� ة ب ب ��س� ح ��ة� ة ع�و� ة ب� ة ب � � � � � ا � ة � ا ا ���� � � ��س�� � ح�� �����ح��ة��� د �ل�ك ا �ل��م�ة�ر. ح�ل ب� �و �مك� �ل� ا �ل ة ة ة ة ب ب ة ب حة ة ب � ة ب ب ة � � ا ح� لةر�ور��ا �و���������ا �ع ب��د ��ا ���ه��� �و�ل���د� �ع ب �م� ا �� � ب ة � �و�ة� �ة� �ب����د ك�� �م �ة �لو�م �عر�م��� ة� ر بل ب ة �ة � ��ب� ة� ا �ع ب � �و�ب�ا ر������ �م �ل� ��� ب� ح��ة����ة�� . ة��ة��� ����� او ������ �و ��ب� �ةل��ل�ك ا �ل�ا�ة�ا � ك� حة�ب�ً�د ا �ة��د ا ر������ل�� رب ة ة� برع ة� ة م 248
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Chapter Eleven
brother informing him of my plans. This was why my family were so overjoyed to see me safe and sound in Aleppo. I spent three or four days at my brother’s home, until fresh clothes had 11.158 been prepared for me. Then I got dressed, shaved my head, and donned a turban. They had a certificate of safe conduct drawn up for me, and once I had that in hand, I left the house and went to repay the visits to my family, loved ones, and relatives.63 I then returned to the city and to my brother’s warehouse. A few days later, my brother ʿAbdallāh opened a cloth shop for me. He put me under the supervision of my uncle Shāhīn Ghazzālah till I had learned the cloth-selling trade. I would spend twenty-two years working as a cloth merchant. My brother was afraid that I would go on another journey. But God’s plan 11.159 for me was different. During this period, I was engaged, got married, and had children. It’s perfectly evident to me now that God Most High—may He be praised—had called me to a life of marriage, for when I had left Aleppo in secret, my plan was to become a monk. It was a matter of good fortune that I encountered that traveler in the village of Kaftīn who dissuaded me from my plan, and, as fate would have it, I traveled with him to all of those lands I’ve described. But let me go back to what I was saying. A year after I began working in the cloth trade, my former master, khawājah 11.160 Paul Lucas, the one I had traveled with, arrived in Aleppo. He stayed at the home of the French consul. When I heard he had come to town, I went to pay my respects. As soon as he saw me, he embraced me, then scolded me severely for having left him without explaining my reasons. At that moment, some other khawājahs came by to see him so we had to cut short our reunion, saving it for another day. Some time later, I figured out why he was back on the road. It seemed that when he’d learned that the nobleman I mentioned earlier had sent me on a voyage of exploration in his stead, he managed to change the nobleman’s mind, promising to take my place and travel on his behalf. This was why he had come to Aleppo again: to carry out his mission for the nobleman. A few days later, I invited him to visit and have dinner at our house. He 11.161 accepted, and I invited my brothers to join us for dinner. I was still a bachelor in those days, and I had furnished a room on the second floor for my own use. I prepared a sumptuous meal, then went to fetch him from the city and brought him back to the house and my waiting brothers. They greeted him
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� ب ا� ب � � ة ��ا ب ب� ة � ��ب � � م���ل�ب� �و�ل���د� ك� ع����ا � ك� �� ب��ا ب� ����ل�بهة��� �ل��ل�بس حب�ة��� ����ه� �مس ا�م�دة����� ا �ة� ا �ب�ة��� �وك�� � �ل او ا � �و�ة� ة� ب ة� ة � ب ا ا� � ة ب ة ب ة � ب ب ب ح��ل ب �مرل بس ��ا ���ح��ر� ��ح�ا ر ا �ل�و�ك ة� ب� � ��س��ا ��� ا�م� �ة��د� ح�ا � حب �� او �ة��� ��ة� ��� �ة�� �م�ا �ة��ل�و� �و�ام�ا � ة� ة ب � � ب ب ب ب � � � � �ل���د �م�ا � �ع ب��ا �م ب ا �ل�� �����ا � � ب ا ب ة ا ح�ب��د ب� ح ���ر ��ة� �ب�ا ��ة� �ب�ا ��ة� ك��� ة� ا � ك ح��ة� ة� ب بو ح�ل��س�� ������ �مر������� .ة ً ر س � ة � ب ة � ب ب � ة ب � ب � ب � � ب � � � ة ة ح�ك�� �ع ب ������ا ���ا ��م د �ل��ك ا �ل� �ك� د ل� ��� �عب���ا �ع ب ا ل � ب � � ر � و �ل�� �عس �مر��س � او �ل�د �ة� �و�ة��� ا � ب�ر� �م س �ة� حب� ب ا ا ا �ب � ا ب ب حب �م ���ا �� ر���ا ا �م�ا �م�� � ب��ا �م ��ب� ��ب� � �����ا ب��ا � ح�ة� ل ا � � ةر �م�ا �ه�و �مر ب� و �م �ر� ��� ا �م� �م�� �ل�م� ��� ر رة ة ة � � ب ب � � ب ب ة ب ة ب ة � ة ة ة � � ا � ا ا ا ا ب ا ب � ����ك ����� �و�ة��� �ب��������رة� ��� �مس ا��مر��س � او ��ط��ل� � �عر�� �م� ك�� � �ة� ��� �و����ة� ا �ب �ل�� د ل�ر�ة� ح�ة� ا �ع �� ة ة ج �����ا. �م بس �مر ب� ��ب ب � بً ة � � � ب ا� ح�ة�را �� ب� ��ح�ا ر ة� ا �ل���ح�ا ��� ��ة� ا �ل�� ���مر� �وك�� ة� �هة��ا ة� ��ة���بح�ا ا �ل����هرا �ب�� ������ ا ��ة� ا � � � ب � بة � ب ة ا � ب ا �ة ب ���� ب��ا � ا ���� ا �ل�� �ر������ ���� ��د ر ا�ا�م ار د �ر��د ا �ة� ا � ا �ب��� ����ج� � بو�ل���د �م� ��م بر���� ا � �ل � ب �ه�و� �م� ة ج � ���ا ب �� ب �ب � � �� ة ا� ��ا ب ������ ا � ة��ا ة ب �� ��ل�ه ب��د �� �ل�د ك�� � ا بل � � � � � �� � �و� �وك��� ة� ا د �ور ������ ب�ل���د م�د � � � ك � � � ب�حج�م�ل�� ا �ة� ا� ة و ة ة ر و ة ب ة� ج ��ة � � ب � ب ة بة ا �ل�ا� ح�ح�ا ب� ��ة� ا �ب���ل��د ل�� ����ا د �ة�� �ل�ا ب� ح��ل ا �ب�� �ة�ل��� ���س ����� ا ���سة��ا ��دة��م�� �م بس ���ل�و��س �وك�� ب� �و ب�� �وا ��ر ة ة �� ب � �ة��ل � �ة ا �� � � ا � � ب � � ب� ة ا � ب � � ا� ا ا ا ��ل� ب � �ة ب � � ب ا �� � �� ح� ه��د ة� �� � �ود �و م� ة���سب�� د �ل�ك �� �ة� ة �لو �م� ب� � ةم��� ة��ل� ل�و ب � ح�د �ة� ة ��وم ا �ة� ة� م ة � ب ��س��ا ���. ����و�� ا �ل ة ب ب ب � � ب ةب ب � اة ب �� ��� ب ��س��ا � ار ء ��ة� �ة ب�����س � او � ةس �ع ب��د ا �ل ح��د ���ل�م�ا �و����ل ب��ا ���ا ر ة�� ���ر��س ��ة� ا �ل� �����ا ��س ا�ام�و ب� � و ة ع � ب � ������ ����ة ���س��� � �م ب ا ��ل��س��ا ب � � ا ��ل���ةه ��ة ب��ا ������ةرا ���ا �م ب ا ������ا �لب� ب� �م ��ة��� ب ب��ا ���بة�س � �م � حب� ة� �ر� بم��س� ب ةع ب ة ة و ة ب س س ةر ةس ر � ب ب �� ع �� ب با ا ب ا ب � � ب ب ة ل � � ا � ا ا ا ا ا ا ة ب حة���ك ��� ���د � ب� ح� ب� �را �ل�د ��ة��� �� ب� �م ب��� � بو�ل���د �م� �مر�� ب�� �مس �ل��ل�ك ا �ل��د ك�� � �ك���� ���� �م� � ح� بل ��ة� �ب� �ة� ة ة � ة ا �ب ب ة � � �ة � �ة ة ا � ا � ب ا � � �� � ب ا � ب ب�س ب ب ة ا � � � � ��� حة��ط � او ��ل� � ع � ا � ��� �ل� ب� ح��ل ������ � او �ل�د��ك � او �مر�ة� �ب� �ة� ا �م ة� ا ���� رة�� � ��� �ة� ��� و ل�د �ة� ���ة� ة ب � � ب � ة ب � ���ا ���� ة��د ا �����ا � �م�ا �����ا ب��ا ��� � ة� �وة���ل ة� ��� ��ا ���� ��ا ب� ��� ب�ل ا �ل��ل ح�� ط��س ك �� �و��هة� �ب��� �������ا �م بس �مر ب� ��و ل ر ب و ة بة ب م �� �ب ا ب � ����ة � �ب ب � ة ا � � � ه ة��� . ������ة�� ة�� � ���ل ب ر ب ��� � � ة ب� ا �� ا�ا� ا � ا ة ا ب� ا �� �ب � � ا ب� �د ة ا ��ل � �ك�� ا �م ��ب � �م�ا ���د ة� ا ب��ة � �م ب��� � �ب�����ل ة � � ا � � � � ل � � � � م رة� و �مر د م� رد � ح� ل�� و ح� � ب ر و ر ة� ة� � � � ب� �ا �ل� �� ��ا ب� � ا ��ل��د�ة��ك ا � �� � ���ط��ل� ة� ��ا �ب���ا �س�و �ام�ا ��� �ود ة� �م بس ا�ام�دة�� ب��� ا � �ة �لو�م �م بس د �ل��ك ا �ل�� ب � ح��و ة� ب و ة وم ب ب � ع ة �� �� � ��ا ب � ا � ةل � � ��ل�� ب � � ة ��� � �ل���د �م�ا ب��� ة � ة � ا ا ا ل � ل ل � � � � ا �س� او � �م� را ح� �م� � �و�ل� ب� ح�� �وك� � ����� ��ل� � � � � ح�ل���� � � � م ر ةو ب � ة روج م ب م
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Chapter Eleven
most cordially, and when it was time for dinner, we sat at the table. Following the meal, we sat and chatted with khawājah Lucas. I then remembered that I’d once told him about my mother’s illness, and how the doctors had been unable to cure her. When I reminded him of that, he told me to bring my mother out so he could determine what her ailment was. We brought her out, and as soon as he looked at her, he knew what sort of illness she was suffering from. “Be sure to remind me to give you something for her,” he said to me after letting my mother go. “It will rid her of this illness.” We spent the rest of the evening in his company, until ten o’clock. I’d pre- 11.162 pared a bed for him, as comfortable as could be, and he slept soundly until the morning. After some coffee, we went off together to the city. He would often pass by my shop, and sometimes I’d join him for his customary tours around town, looking for antiques like coins, books, and rare and valuable gems—that sort of thing. The day after our dinner, he came by my shop. “Take me to the jewelry market,” he said. When we arrived, he set about scrutinizing the contents of the jewelers’ 11.163 cases. In one of them, he found a stone resembling a carnelian, with a hole bored through it. To my surprise, he purchased it from the jeweler for two miṣriyyahs. “What do you want with that worthless stone?” I asked him after we’d left the shop. “I bought it as a treatment for your mother,” he replied, and told me to thread the stone and hang it around my mother’s neck so it rested against her skin. “She’ll recover,” he said. “We’ve had so many doctors try and fail to cure her,” I thought, chuckling to myself. “How’s this stone going to be any different?” But I didn’t contradict him. I simply took the stone and did as he instructed, 11.164 and didn’t give it a second thought until later that week, when I came home from the old city and was told that my mother had announced that she wanted to go to the public baths that day, after she changed her clothes. She hadn’t been to the baths in three years! Nor had she joined us at the table for meals. She hadn’t been able to sleep and never spoke to anyone. But on that day, she sat at the table and had a good lunch, chatting with us all like she used to do, then went off to the baths. Everyone was astounded. How had she made a full recovery?
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� ب � ب � ا ة ة ة ب ا � ا ة ب� � ح��ل�� ة �� ��� ح��د ب��د ��ل��ك ا �ة ��و� ب� ��ا ��� ب� ا � ��� ���� ا�ام�ا �ة��د� ���ه ب��ا ��ة� ا�ام�ا �ة��د� �و�م� ب�� ����د ر ���� � �و�ل� � م ة� م م � ح �� ا �مب ا � ���ب� ا �ب���ا �م�� � �ب����ا ر� او ة��ة�ب�ه ����ا د �ة ��ا � �مب�� ة ����� ا �� ا ��ل �و�ةلب���د ة� �م�ة�ل�� � �ا �كة ����ة�� ل�� � ��� �ة �ب و � � و�ل � �م �� و � � � �م �ة� � م �ج �� ا� ا � ة ب �� �ب ة ح��ل�� ة ���ا �ب���ا �م�ا �� ���ه ب��ا ��� ا�ا�م�ا ����ل ة� � �لة��ا �ل�� ل � � � � � � � � � ا � �� � ا � ل ل م � �د� � � � ك � � ك � � � � � � ك م � � � �����ة�� �ب�ا � ة و ر ب س مم ب �ة� ة و � ب بة ب �ا ���� �ب�ا ���بة�س ك� حب�ب��ا ب��مة��ه ب��ا �م بس ���د ا ا �ل��مر. ���ا ب�� ة� �م �ر� ب� ة � ة � � � ب � � ة ة �ب ب ة ب ة �ة ب ب ���د ا �ب� ب� ا �� ا �ل ب���ة���ل ة� ������ ��ل�ا �لب�ه � � ���ا ��م�ا � ����ل � ���د �م� او ح�ة� ا ��ة� �را �ل�د ة� ��ل�ه��� �ة� �ع �� � �و س ب حب�� او م � � ب ���ل ة � ا ب ا �ة �ة حب ة ا� ة � ا ا ا � � �م � ������ا �ب�ا �ب����ا �ة��دلةر �ب�ا �����ا �و�ل�ا ةلر�ب�� ���د � � � �د � � �� � � � � � � ح � � � � ب� ة ً ��� و� ر ���� �ل� ������ل��مة� و � ة ة ب � � ع � �� ب ��ا ب�� ة � ا ب ���د ا ا �ل ا ��ل � �م ب �عب �ة �ا ���� �� ةل � � ا �� �ا ب �� � � � ��ا ا ��ل���� د� � ة � � � � � � ل � � ا � � � � � � ل ك � � � ك � � � ل � � ل � ب � م ب ب ر ر و ر ع ة� بر س � ة بر و س و � ع �� ��� � ب ب ل ة ة ة � � ا ة � ا ا ا ا ب ب ب � ��� �مك� �� �ل ب�ل���د ��س��� �و����� ب� بة�بس ���د ب� ا ��بل بس ��� ��ة� ا �لم� � ��ا ر ا �ل����ود ا � �وة�� �و��� ر � �ر�مس �ع �� � ة� م � ة ا ��ل ���ا ب�� ة � 1د ة � �ب��ة ���� ة � ة �ب � � � � ��بم�ا ا �� ة� � ا � ة �س��ة��ا � ب����ا ��� ة� �مك�� ك� � و ر� و � رب ح�ة� ا ر�ة� �م���ل �ل��ل�ك ب�ر ر ة و م ة� � � ب� د �ل��ك ا ��ة� ا�ام�و ة�. � ����� � �م�ا ا ب� ة ب �ا ب � ا � �ا ��ة ��ب� �ع ب��د �� ح�ا �ل�ه ب��د �ة� �و���ا ر ة�ل���ا �ة�ب��ب��� �ب�ا ب� � �� � ك� �و�ة�لو� ا ب�را ب� م�� � ة��س�م� � ب��� �ة و حب��رل ��ة� ة م م ب ب ا ا ب ا ب ا� ا� ب� �ب ا �ب ا� �ا ب ب � ب ب � � � � ة � ا ا ة � � � � � � � � ا ا � � ل � � م�� � �و ة�� ا � حب� ر�وك ع�� � ب� ح� ب ��ة� �ب� � � ك ة��� �م� ����م� ك�ل� �م� �و���� �� �م� �ه�و � ك م�� � ة � � ب �ب �ب ة �ه� ��م د ا � ����ب ��ب��د ا ��� �م�د �� ب���ة � ب ���م ة� �و��ه� ا ��ل ح ب��ا �ة��� ا �عب��� ��ب���ا ر� ا �ل�هب��د ع�ة��ا ب� .حة��ً�د � ة� ة و ر ب بة ة ة ا � � ب ب ا��ا ب �ل� � � ا� � � ا ب ا � ب ب � � ب ا ب م��ا ب ����ب � ب���ة���لة���ل�� �و�م� �ل�ك ��� ���د ا ا� ك� م�� � ا ح ���را�م�و �ه �ل�� �م� ا � ح�د د � ح��ل �و�ربج �ل�� � ك� � ر ة م � ب � �ب � ة ا ������ �ب�ا �� د �ب ة ب ح��ل� ا � �م�ا ا � � � ح��ل ا �ة��� �م� ب��ة����د ر لةر ب� �� �م������ �و�عة�� � او �ل��د ة� ب��ة��د � وو ع �ل���� �����وبج ا �ل�د ر ب� � ة ر س ع م ب ة � ب ا� �� ا � � ا ا � ة � ا ب م�ا ب ا ب ب� � ب ة � � ب ة ط ب � س ة � � � � � � ا � � � � � ا ا ا � ا � � � م ح � � � � � �� ح ���د �� � � � � � � � � � ك � � � رب � ة� م �ل ب ب ب � �وا �������ة� �ل �ك ة � ة� � و ب ر �ل ة ج ��ب � ب � ب ب ب ب � ك�� ���ل ا � ب��ا ��س بة��سب��ر� او � ٢ع ب��� ��� ���د � ا �������� �م�ا ب�ل��ر�� ا ب� ك� ���د �� ا � ل��د ب�. ��ا � � ة� م �ب � ة ة � اب ة � ح ب ة ا �ب ا ل � ب حة��� � ��ا �ا�م���ا �� ب��� � ة ��� �بس ل � ح�هة ��هة��� �و� ل �ة��ً�د ����� � ح�ة� ا �عر� برة��د ا � ب ر ب ة برة��د �م ب���ك �ب� � ل ار ��ة� ة �بل� � ب ا � � ب ا �ل� �� � ة � ا �� �ب � ب �� �ب �ا ب ح�� ا ب�ة ا ا � � � � � � � � ا ا ا � � � � � � ل ل � � � � � م� � � ح�ة�� ر ة ل�و� ة �ر� ���ل ك� � وة��د �� �ة�� و � ب ة ر ب� ل ��� ب ر� ب� ل�و ر وة�لوم �مة����س ة � ب � � ب ب ��� ���د � ������ ��ا ب� ة � ب� ا �ب�ا ب��م���� ا ��� �ه ب��ا ك ة���ل�و� ب� حة� ب� ����ل ر ب� حب���� ���ة� ا �ل ار ��س ح��ل �����ك �مس ك�ل ب و ب ب ة ة ا ��ب �� � ة � ة �ب ��مب� �� � ب ة ب ل � ب ا ا ا � ب ب ة � او �ل����ةس �و�م���ة� �مس �ع��د �ة� � او �� �م� ا �ع�ب��ر� ك��ل� �م�� �و��ل� �ة� �ب� �ة� �ة �لو�م �مة����س ب ��ة� ا ة� ب �ا ب ة �ع ب��د� � بولر��� �م بس �ع����ل�� ���د ا ا �ل��مر. ع أ 1ال�أ�ص� :كا ف� ت �� ٢ .ال��ص�ل :ف�ت�فروا. ل م
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Chapter Eleven
When my mother returned from the baths, she joined us for dinner and showed a good appetite—as though she’d never been ill. We were all baffled. “There’s really nothing to it,” I told them. “It’s because of the special properties of that stone I hung around her neck.” They wouldn’t believe me until I asked my master about it. When I told him 11.165 that my mother had made a recovery, he gave me further instructions. “Tell her to take care not to remove the stone from her neck, or else the black vapor will return and she’ll suffer a relapse,” he said. “The stone has the special property of drawing out the black vapor.” He was right. A year later, the stone fell off her neck while she was in the baths, and her melancholy returned. I went in search of a similar stone, to no avail. She remained melancholic until she died. Another day, he came over and started to scold me.
11.166
“How is it you’ve never told me there’s a place here called ‘the Kanakia’?”64 he demanded. I had no idea what he was talking about. “What is this place, and who told you about it?” I asked. “It’s an underground passage that leads to the city of Antep.” Now I understood. He was talking about al-Khannāqiyyah; it’s also known as the Cave of the Slave. “Why would you be interested in such a dangerous and frightful place?” I asked. “No one who has gone in has ever come out! It’s a vast, dark cavern, full of crooked passages that send people in circles and prevent them from escaping. Many have entered; none have come out alive.” “Have you ever been?” my master asked. “To investigate whether all this is true?” “This is how everyone describes it,” I insisted. “Are they telling the truth or lying? I don’t know.” “I want to see it for myself, to find out the truth,” he said. “And I’d like you 11.167 to find me an old man who knows the place and who can guide us there. I’ll pay him well. I plan to head out on Thursday, so be sure to bring him with you then, without fail!” “Consider it done,” I replied, and he went on his way. I didn’t think much of his plan, and told myself that when Thursday came, I’d go see him and put the whole affair out of his mind.
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ا� ا ��ا ب ��بل ����ا د �ة �ب�� ب ة ح�� ا ب�ة ا � ا�� ب ا ا ب � ا� ب ح�ة�� ر �و�م� ك�� � �ة �لو�م ا �مة����س �ب� ل�ر � او �� �م� ���ة� ا �ة� ا�م�دة����� ل�� ة� ���د �ك� ر ب� ل ة � اة ب ب ��ا ب ب ا ا �� � ة ب � ا ا ��ا ب �ب �� ب ة ا ��� �م ار ��ة� ك�� � ة����سم� ا ب� �لو ر��ة� �و���د لر ب ح�� ��� ��ة� ح��ل ��دة��م ا �ل��ة� �م �وك�� � �ة� ك���ل �م�د� ة ب ��ل��ل�م����س � ب � � �ب ا �� � ا � � ب ة ة ��ب����س �و ��ة� ب� ح��� �ل�ا ب� ح��ل ا ��� لب� ر ر ة� ك ���ا � ا �و��ا ة� �ة�ل��د �م �ع� ب� ح��ل�و��س ا �ل� ب�� ب� ك���ا � ة�ة � � ة ب � ح ����� ��ل�� ��ة� ا ��� ب��م�ا ��ل ا ��ل ���الةر�م ���� ��ا بر � ح ���� �م ب �ل���د � ��ا � ��� ا � � ح��ل� � �������� بر ب ة ة ة ب س ب وة ة� ة� �م ة� ب وةب ة � �م � ة ب � ا � �� ب � �� ب ب ح ��� �ب ا �� ا ب ة ب ب ب ة � ل � � � ���ل�م�ا � ���د � ة��� �و�ه�و � او � ��� ���� ا ���ل�� �ة� ا �������د ا ر ب �م� �ل ا ح�� ب� حة��ً�د �ر �ة� �ب� �ة� �ب� � ة ب � ب � �ب ح��ل ب��ة���ر�ب� � ح�ةهة ��ة���ة ���د ا ا�ا ك� ���د ا ا �لر ب� م��ا �. بة ب ب ا ة � ب � �ة �ب�ا �ة�لة��د �م ة� ا ����� � � ة ا � � ا �ة ح�ة����� �ب� �ل����ل��م �و���� ���� ����ل �ل�� ����ر��� ��ة� ����� ر� ا �ل�هب��د ا �ل��ة� ��هة� ��ة� ة و ة � � ب �ب � ا ا ب��ة ة � � �ب ا ة ب ا ح�ابل ب�� ��� ا � ب�ل �� ا �ب�ا د ب� � ة ا ��ل ���ا �م ار ر ���د� �و�ل��ر�� � ك� م��ا �ب����ا � ل ���س م� � ح ب�� �ة��� �� ب� ة� �ة� ور ��� ا ��ة� ح�ل � �ة ب ب � ة �� � � ا ب � ا � �د �ب ب� � � � ��مب � ���ل�� � �بر� ا ب�ر���ا ب���ل�م�ا ��س�م�� ة� �م ب��� ���د ا ا �� ك� � ح ة� � او � ك � � ح��ة�� ل� ب� � و ح� رب �ة� ب�ةرة��د ة ة� م � ب ب � حة��� � �ا ا �مب�� ��� ا �� �ع ب��د� � �ه ����� ��� � �ب ا �� ا ب ح ����ة�� ���س �ب�ا �ل� او �را د ا ا رة��ة��� �ةل��ل�ك ا�امب���ا ر� ���ك ب ��� �وة� ب ر � �ة� �هة� �ة� ة� و �و ب ة ة ً ب � ب � ا ا ا ب��ا ب� ح�� �ول�را �م�� ا �م���� ب�� ب��. ح� بل ��ة� � ب ة �ب ة ��ا ب �ب�م ب ب ���� ب��ا ب��م�� ح�� ا ب�ر �ب��ل�م�ا ا ب��ة����ب��ا ا ���� ا ��ل � � � � � � � � � � � � � ك ل � ح ب��ا �ة��� � بو�ل���د ���ة����� �و���ل� ب ر و ل ة ة ة ب �ب ب � ���� �م�����ل � ب � � ��م�� � ب ��م� ب ب� � � � �ب ب ح�� ������ة �ة�� ب � � � � ا ��بل ح�� �و������ ب �م�ل�� �م ا � �ل� ب� � او ل �وا ب� �� ��دا �م �وك� � ل��م ��ةس و مل�ةس �ل رح�ة ر و ة س بس ر �ج � ب � � م��ا ب� �ب�ا ب� حب�ة��� �بل�ه� �ود ��لة�ة��� ح��د ب��ة���ر�ب� ا�ا ك� ���ل�م�ا �و����ل� او ا �ة� �ع ب��د �ب�ا �و����ا �ل ب��� ������ل��م� ����ل را ��ة ة� ا � ة ة � � ب ا ب � �ة � ��� ب ا ا��م ب ب ة � ة�ة ب� ��ة�ر�� �وة���ل ب��ا ��ل�� بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� حة�ة��ا ر �ب�ا �ب�� لةر �و���� ا� ك� ��لة��� �� ��ب�� م��ا � �����ا �ل ����ط م�و ة� ���ة�ر � او ��سم����ر ب ة ة ب ة � ب � بة �� ب��ا ا ة���� �� �ب �كة�س�ه ب��ا � ا �� ا ب� د ب� ب ا � ب ا �سس���� �و� ك� �وا ر �ب�ة����س�م�ا ��� م��ا � ��� �ة� � �ل�ر�� ب وة� ب ة� ح��ل�� ا �ة� ����� ر� �و� ة �مر � ب � ب ب � ا ��ل�سةم�ا �ة�� ب م��ا ب� ا �ل�هب��د ا �ل��د �ة� ك� ةس � ك� ���ا � �ع���� �ة���. ة ا ب �ًا ب� � ب ا ب ب ا �� ب � ب ا �� ب ة ا ا� ب ا ب ب ا ا ب ب ب ة ب � ح�ة ر د ح�ل�� �مس �ه�� ك ا �ة� ا � �و���ل�� ا �ة� �م����� ا�م��� ر� � ارة���� �ب� ب� ر��ة�ر �م ����ور �مس � � � � ا � ا ب� ب ا ة ا ةا � � ب ا ب � � ا ب حة���ا ب���ل�م�ا ا �� ب��ا � ا �ب�ل �ع�م ب��ا � ا ���� ب��ا �و ر ود حب���ل ا �ل� ب ح��ل�� ����� ر� ا �ل�هب��د ���ة� �م� �� �ل ��� د �ل��ك ا �ل�� ة ر رة و وبة � � ب � � � ب � ب ب � ة ب � ب � �ل �����ا ر ة ب� �ع ب��ا ا �بل ح�� � او �م ا �بل �وا � ب��ود� ا �ل���سم� �وك� �وا ب� ���ا � ����ا ك� ب� ���دا �م �ب�ا ����� ة ب�رب�� �� ��ة� ا �ل��د �� و ر ر م �ع ب ً � ب ا �ب ب � � ا� ةة ب � م�ا ب � ا ب � � � � ا ا ب � � � � � ا � ح�ة�را ب� ك � �س��� � ب��ود ��س�م� �ع������ .ا � � � م � ��م � � � � م � ك �ل و رب� ح�ل��س�� �ة� د �ل�ك ا� � و رب �و ة� ع � ب �� ة ب ب ح�ب��د ا �م ا ��بل ����ل ب��ا �و ���م �� ب��ا � ب�ب����د �م�ا ا ك� ���دا � �ب�ا �ب���� ة� ��������ل� او � ب��دةل بس ���سم� ة ً ع �و�ةل� به �� او �ة����س ���بس �مس ر ر م ب م
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Chapter Eleven
On Thursday morning, I was on my way to the city as usual when I happened 11.168 upon an old Christian man named Abū Zayt. Now, this fellow was very old, and had spent his whole life in the countryside. For a time, he would bring grapes to the Christians for their presses. When the season was over, he’d become a wood peddler. He would meet up with the camel drivers transporting wood, bring the drivers to Aleppo, and sell the wood. When I came upon him, he was standing at the top of a hill, waiting for the camel drivers to arrive with the wood. It occurred to me that this fellow might know how to find the cave. I went up and greeted him, and asked him if he knew anything about the 11.169 Cave of the Slave, in al-Khannāqiyyah. “I’ve gone inside plenty of times,” he replied at once. “I know where it is, but I’ve never reached its very end.” I was delighted to hear this, and told him about my master’s plan. “There’s a Frankish fellow who would like to explore the cave,” I explained. “Come see him with me, and he’ll give you a handsome tip if you guide him to the cave.” “It would be a pleasure and an honor,” he said. “Let’s go!” Off I went with the old man, who brought a companion along with him. 11.170 We arrived at al-Khannāqiyyah, and the khawājah turned up shortly thereafter with a company of Franks and their servants. They were armed and had brought along some ammunition and a sack of straw. “Did you find someone who knows where the place is?” my master asked me as soon as they arrived. “Yes,” I said, and pointed to the old man. My master was overjoyed, heaping praise on me. We told the old man to take us to the spot. “Follow me,” he said. We did as he asked, and soon arrived at a vast cave, hollowed out of the limestone, whose entrance was at a considerable elevation. It was known as the Castle of al-Tamātīn, and was the hideout of a certain rebellious slave, for whom it was named. We entered, and made our way to the bottom of the cave. There we found 11.171 a small door, hollowed out of that mountain of chalk. Beyond it was the Cave of the Slave, according to the old man. None of us, in our fear, was willing to proceed any farther, but the khawājah tried to embolden us. He ordered the servants to take out their candles—he had had six candles made of beeswax. We sat down, they took out some food and drink for us, and we ate and drank.
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ة ��� ������ ب�����د �م�ا ا ب��ة ا ��بل ه ا �م ب ا ��ل�� بد �� ا �م �ه� ��� ب�ة��ة��د � ا ��� �ع ب��د بد ��ل��ك ا ��ب��ا ب� �و�ب ب ��ب��بب� ���لة��� � � ب � ة و ة ب س ر ر م ة م ع ا �ب ب ب �� � ��� �� � د �ة ة ة ة ا ا ��و��� �� ة� ���سم� � �� �م�د ل�� � � � �س��� � � �� ح��س د �و ة� ع��ة�� ا � � ��� ر��� ��س ك ح� ل � � ة�ل�. م ع بم �م ب � ب ا ب��م � ب ا ا ب ا �ب ب ب � ا � � � ا � � � �ب ب ب ب �ب ب � ح��ل ��د ب� �و بح� م� م� رة��د ��د � حة�ب�ً�د ب�رم�� ة�ه�� �ب� � �م� ��د � ح��ل ���ل�م�ا را ء ا �ل� ح��ل �ه�و � او �����ةس � ا� � �دا � ا �� ا � �د � ا � ب� ب�د ا �ل ���س � � ا ب �ب �� � ة ب � ة � ة ب �م بس ا �ل� ل�و ح� م� ����ك � �م ع � او �ل��ر��م��ل �ة����س ا ����بس ح�ة� لةر��س ���بس �و�ه�و �م� ����ة� م � � �� ب � ب ح��ل ب��ا ب��م��ه ب��ا �م�ا ���د ا ا � �لة��ب��ا ح��د� ��� د ���ا ر � ب��ا ب�ر��� ب��د ب� ح��ل �و� ��س� ا �ل��د ر ب� �ع ب��� ���ل�م�ا د ب� ة �ة��ل� ة��ة بة ع � � � � ا ة�� ب��� ب �م ب ا ��بل � �ل � �� �� ا ا �ل ����� ا � �وا ب� � او �ب��ا ب� �ة��ل�� ة��م��س� ح��د ���لة�ب��ا. �� ��دا �م ةسر و ةس س ة ج � ب� ب �ب ب � � �ة ا �� � �ب � ا ا ة�� ب � ب ا � ا �م ب ا � ا �� �به ب ا�ا� �ة ب ب ب ب ا ة ��ب��ا د ا � ح��ل ا�ام���ا ر� �وحس �ة� �� ة� لرع ب� �م��سة ��و ��ةس م� �� ب� ل ��ود م�و �مود� ���ل�م� ا �� � �ة � � ب � � � ة ب �ب � ب ا � � �ب ب � ب ا �� �� ة � ب � � � ب ��س� عس ���ر� �ل� .حة��ً�د ك� �و� او � ���ل ����ة� ا �ل��د �ة� ة��ا �ل�و� ح�د ا �ر �ب�ةر��س ا ����بس �ة� ا ل �ر� �ة��ل� �� ة ةع � ب � �با با ب � ب � �� ب ب ا ��� راة���� � ل�� ��د ب� �ل�ا� ا �����ر� �لة� �م�ا �ة��� �و�ل�ا �ع�و ب� ح�� ب�ل��ل ���� �و�ة� �������ل �و�� �ة� �و�ع �رة���س �عر��س ة اةب ة ا ب ا ب� ب ب ع ���ط�ا � د � ا � � �ه� �مب ��ة�� �م ب �� ب ا ة �ة ب ا ا � ب �م�ة�����ةس ��د �م �و�م� راة���� ة��� ��ة�ر � م و ب و و ور س �وا ر �� ��س���م�� �م� ��سة���ةس ا � �ب ا ب ا � ا ا �� �ب ب �عسة ة ب ة � � � ا ب ا �ب �ة ب ا ب ب ب � ا ب � �� ط� ا �ب ��ب���س �و م� ���د �� ل��د ر �� � � بر�ل� ���� �� �م� راة���� ا �ل� له ��ود ا �م� � او � �ل� ��ل ح� ح��د � �ل���س �ل�� ع ع ب م � �ا ب �ب ا بل � � ب ا� ب ةة ة ب ا �ع� ���لة�ب��ا ا�ا ك� �� �ة��ل�� ������ل�ك ب��مة��ه ب��ا د ا ب� ح�ل� م�� � ب����ب�� ب� �م� �ل�� �مب �����س� .و�ك�ة�ً�د ا ر�ل� ب���� �ورد � ر ب م ع ب ا ة ا � � ب ا � ا ة ب� ا ب ا� �ا ب ح ب��د ا ��ب ح�ة � م��ا ب� �و��سس� �م�ا ب����ب�ه ا ����ر� او � ل � � � � � ا � � � � � ا ا � � ع م� � � � � م � � � � � . � ح � � � � � � ك ك � ل � � ���ل � ة ً و ب ب ر و ل ةع ة م ب و ة� ب�� � ���ا � ب ح ���ط� �ة ا ب� � �مب���� د ب ��ل���م�� � �م ������ ب��ا ������ ���ة��د ا �م�ا ���ة �ة�د � �ب ا �� ب��ا �� �بكة�س�ه ب��ا � � � ل � م�� � � ك ك � ب ر ب ر و و ر و و ة ة� م ة م رة بع �� � � � � �� ب ب ة ا ا با ب ل � � � ����. ا �م� �م�� ����د ا �م� �ة� ��ل�و� �م ����ور� �مس ا بحب���ل م���ل م��م� ب � ا� ا � ب � � ا ب �ب حة���ا �ا�م�ا بد ا ��ة��ة�� �� �ل ا ��ا ب� ���� ��م د ا � ����ب ��ب��د �م ب � ب � ع�ة��ا ب� حة�ب�ً�د ا �ل� ح�� ���� �ل د �ل��ك ا �ل�� ة ر �و ب ل ر ب ةب ب وو ب س � ب ب � � ب �و���ا �ة�د �و����ل ب��ا ا ���� �مب�ة����ا � ب���ة��ا ��ل بد ��ل��ك ا �ل�ا ب� حة�ة��ا ر �ب�ا � �ب�ا ب� ا �ل��مرد ا ب� �ه�و ��ة� ���د � ا �ل����ل�و� ة � � ب � � ب ب ب ب ب ب �� � � � ا � ب � � � � � ح�د �ة��� �و�����لك ��ل�م� �س�م� ا ل ح�� �م��� ���د ا ا � ك� �رد �م�و� �ب�ا �ل��ةرا ب� �ة��ل� � ح��ل ا � �وا ب� � �د � ���ل� �م �رك� ب� �� ة ة � ع �ة ب � �ب ��ا �ب � � � � ا ب�� �ة ة � ا � � � � ب ح��د �م ب ا ��بل � � � � � � ا � � ا ا � � � ل ل � � � ���� ا � ��� ���دا �م �و����د ا ة� لك ل��ل�و� و رب ب���ة�� ر� و��ك��س ر س لك � و س ج ة ب ب � ة ة ا ��ل� � � ب ا � ا ����د � �ه �ب �لة ح ب �د ة� ة �ب � � ح � � ل � . � � � � � � � � � ح� ��ة� �ب�ا � �و����ل ب��ا ا ��ة� �مب�����ا �ل��ل�ك ا�ام���ا ر� � او � ب � و ة� ر ب ل ة ً و ر ب ب ا ��ب ب� ب � � � � �ب ة ا � ��ب � ة ب ا ب ب ب ة ة ا ا ا ا ا ا ب � ب ��د ر �و ب���ل د �ل�ك ا �ل�� ��� �ه�و ل��د ب� � او � ح�ة�� ر � �وب� � ل��د ب� ا � �ل�� �ة�ةلس �ب� ����� ب���� ����د ا �ل�د �ة� �� � �لو� �ع � �م ب � ب ع�ة��ا ب�. س
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Chapter Eleven
Then he ordered the servants to light two candles and fill a bag with straw. He strode over to the door and fired at it a pistol full of lead powder, emitting a powerful din that echoed for three minutes. Now we swore we’d never go in! When the khawājah saw our trepidation, 11.172 he forged ahead, followed by two servants, one carrying a candlestick and the other the bag of straw, sprinkling straw as he walked so they wouldn’t lose their way. When we saw the khawājah going ahead on his own, we found the courage to follow him, leaving two servants behind to guard our supplies, and also the door, so no one could block our way out again. We descended into the cave, terrified. Two men walked ahead with candles, 11.173 while one sprinkled straw behind us so we would not lose our way. It was plain to us that everything we’d heard about the cave was a lie. The path did not have a single twist or turn; it was straight, easy to walk along, with plenty of headroom, and two hundred feet wide. There was nothing to see but the bones of dead animals. The passage was carved out of limestone. We had walked along it for about fifteen minutes, when suddenly the candles flickered out and it became difficult to breathe. No one seemed to be able to catch their breath, and the whole place felt suffocating. It had no source of air, after all! Fearing for our lives, we started to turn back. “Don’t be afraid,” the khawājah said in encouragement. “This is a large space, and there’s no chance of suffocation. Let’s press on a bit longer, then we can head back.” We did as he asked. About a hundred feet farther along, we came to a dead end. But above our heads was a sort of stone shelf hewn out of the mountain rock. “Why do you people say that this underground passage opens onto Antep?” 11.174 the khawājah asked the old man. “We’ve just reached the end of it!” “The entrance to the passageway is past that perch up there,” the old man replied. “But they filled it in to prevent people from entering and losing their lives.” On hearing this, the khawājah mounted the shoulders of one of the servants and climbed up to that very spot. Using his poniard, he dug around in the earth and found that it was blocked with gravel. That was when he realized we had reached the end of the cave, and that what had been said about it was a lie. He climbed down. The old man was embarrassed, because those who had pretended that the passageway led to Antep turned out to be liars.
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
بً �ب ����� ب �ب ح ب��ا �م ب بد ��ل��ك ا ����ا �م �ب�ا �ب��د �ور ��ب� ا ��ل ح�ة�را ���د �ب�ا را ب� ةس ا ��� ا ب� ب�ر ب� ح ب��ا ة�ة��� � ك� ا� � � � م��ا � و ب ب س ر ة ة ة � ب � � �� ب ب � � ب � ط��� ا ا ��ل ح�� ب ك� �م��ا � �ك����ا �ل� �وب�ا ا �ل��دةل بس �ه� �ه ب��ا ك ب��ة��� ��ل �ة�ب��ا ����� �ع بس �م ��ط��ل�و�� ب��ا ��د �ل� �وب�ا �ع بس ر ب� �وا ر� �ب�ا � ك �� و ح��ل ب م م ب ة ا � ة ة ب ب ةا � � ب ا ا ب ب � � ���د ا ا �ل�ا ب� ا� حة�ة��ا ر ب��ة��د �� �� �� � ����� �ب�ا ب� ا �ل��مرد ا ب� ح�ة�� رع�مر� �رب� ��������ةس ��س��� �و�� �ل� او ��� �ب� � ب � م ة ب ا �� ب ة ا ��ل�� بد �� ����ب��ب��د ا �� � ب ع�ة��ا ب� ��ل�ا�ب�� �ة�دة�� ب�ه ���د �ب�ا ��ه ��ا �ب�� �ر� � بو��ة���ر�� ب��مة�� ���د � ا �ل��م�ا ل�بس ����� ة� ة بة م ب � �م م � ع � ب � ب � ب � ة ا ب � ب � ا� ة �م � ا � ب��ا د �ل�� ا �ل� ب�ة ا � � ا � ب ة� ب �م ��ا �ع ��ط�ا � ا �بل ح�� �ل��ل ة� �عر��س �و���ل�� ا ر� ةول ��ة� �ب�ا ب� ك ح� رو ��و ب ح�ة�� ر �ل�م� ح� ر ب ب � ا ��ل��م د ا � ا ��ل�� بد �� ����ب ��ب��د �م ب � ب ع�ة��ا ب� ���ة��ا �ل ا ة��ب�� ��و�ة�. ر ب س ة بة ب ا �ا ب �ب � � ب � � ة بة ب ب �ود� �ه ب��ا ك � او ر� او �� � ك� �ك ب�س�ه ب��ا � ا ��ة� ا � �و����ل ا ��ة� �����ا ر� �م بس �ل��ل�ك ا�ام���الةر ا�ام�و ب�� م�� � �ة� ب � ب ة ة � � ��ب � �ب � بل بر��ل�� �ع�مة ��ة��� ����� ���ا �مرد �و�م�� ا ��ة� ��مو�� �و��ا �ل � ب��ا ا �ب�ا ك�� ة� �و�ل��د ا ب��ة� ��� اب ��ة� ا ��ة� ���ا �ه ب��ا �ورا ��ة ة� � � ب ع ب ا� ب � ب �� � � � ا ب ���د ا ا�ا�م�د ب� ���� �� ��د �ب �ب �ة�سم�ا �ل���د ا �م � ا � ��د ا ا ��ل��مرد ا ب� � ل� ا�م�د � ح��ل ة ل ة� ح�ل� ح��ل ��� ب ح� �م ا �ب��ل�د �ب� � لةرد �م� او ر ��س � ب ة ا � � ��� � �� �ة �� � ب ا ��ل ب ��� ا � ب �وا � ح�د �وة�� لك � بو ة���ول مس ب � �م��ل�� �ب�ا � ب��م��ل�� ���سب��ا ب� ��ة� �عر��س � او �ل��ر��� �وا ة��ة���رب�� ��� ب � � س ة م ب � � � ب ب ب ب � ���د ا ا�ا ب �ب اب م�ب��د � �م�ا ��� د ب� � �مب ��� ا � ����� ا �ب��� ب��س �ود � ح��د م���د ب��ر� � ع او ب�ل�� ب� ح��ل� او ��ة� ���د ا ا� � و ���ة� ربج � م م ب ل� � � �� � ا ب��م�� � ا ب ب ��س��� ا ا ��ل��د � � �م�ا ا �هة��د � ا ��ا ب� � �� ���م �ل������م �ة و ر ب و ح�د � او ��� � ����ل��ل�و ة � ةر� ��ط� او وة ���م حب���ل �ط�و�ةل��ل ب � � � � ة ��� �ولر ب� ح��د ��ب� �ب�ا ب� ا ��ل��مرد ا ب� �و ���ر�ب� ا �ل�ا ب�ر ة��م��س�� ���� او ب���ل�م�ا �� ك�� ��ل���م�� �ل�و� ��� ���رب��� ا �ل� ا � � و ة م ة م � � � ب ا�� � ب � �ب ح� عس ا� ك� م��ا ب� ا �ل��د �ة� د ب� �وا ب� ح��ل ب��ا � �م�ا �ه�و. ����ا �ل�� ا �ل� ب ة � ��ا ب ة � �ب ب � � � ط��� ا �م ب��� ا ��ل ب���ة��ا �ل ����ل � ك� م��ا � ��ة� ا �و�ل �ع�م�ا ر� �م�دة����� � �وا ر� � �وة�ب�� ب�� او � او �ل �����ا ���د �� ح�ل ب� ك�� � �ل او �ة�ل� ��ل و � �ب ة � � ��ل�اب�� ب��ا �ا�م�ا � ب��� ��ا ب � ط�س ط� ا ��ل ���ل �م�ا ���ة ة��د � ة��ا �ب����� ة����س �ه�وا ب� ��ل�� �ة�م او �ب�� �م�ا ��� ب ك�� حب �� او م ���ا �� ��ل ��� �� � ة �وا ر �و���د ا ة ع ب ةس م � ع بج ب � �ا ب ة ب ب ب ب � ���د ا ا ��ل��م د ا � راة�� ب��ا ��م ا ��� �م����د �ود ا ة� ��ا �ل �� ا �ل ح�� ���لة��� ا � ك� ���ل�� � �ب�ا � ����ل � ك� �وا ب� د ا ب� �� م�� � ح�� ب و ل ة� ر م ع ة � ة � �ة �� �� � � � ا� ا ب ب �ب � ا ب���ة ا �� بد �� � ا � ا ب حة���ا ل � ح � � ا � � � � ل � ا ا ل � ط �وا ر �م� د ا د � � � م�د � ل � � � � � � � � � ل ل � � ب �مة����� بحب���ل � ك ة� ة و و ر ل ة ر ح��ل� او �ة� �ل ة ب � ب � � ب ب � �ا � ب � م��ا ب� ����ل� ب��� ب� ا ب � ا �ل�ع ا � �وا ر ���د ا ا�ا ك� �����د ا ���ب��ب��� ةس ا �ل���ب�� ب� ا �ل� �و�ل �ه�و ا � �� ب ة ���ةلس �ة� �م� ر �م���ل � ��ا ب �ة ة ب ا ��ل�����ل� � او ��ل������ ا �����ا ��ب� �و�ه� ا ��ل�ا � ط�� ا ب � ة و � �ب� � �م�ل�وك ا �و�ل ك�� �ل� او ة���سس�ه�� او ����ل ��م ار د��ة ب� ح�ة� ب ب ب � � � � ب ة ة � ا ب � ةج � ��ا ب � ب �� �ب �� ب �� ا � ا � ���س��ر �مس � ح� ا �ل�ر��س ح�� �ل� ا � ��� او ا �ل� ل ة�م � ح�د ة������ر �ب����م �وك�� � �ل او ة�� � طهر� او �ة� ا ��ط� ��ر ة
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Chapter Eleven
We made our way back, emerging from the entrance to the cave. Then we 11.175 explored the rest of al-Khannāqiyyah, investigating one spot after another. Some people cutting limestone asked us what we were looking for. When we told them, they referred us to an old man who could help us. He was nearly ninety years old. “He’ll show you the entrance to the underground passageway that emerges in Antep,” they said. “He’s been in these parts for a long time, and knows them well.” We asked them to bring the old man to us. When he appeared, the khawājah handed him a third of a piaster. “Show me the passageway that leads to Antep,” he said. “Follow me,” the old man replied. We followed him to one of the many caves in the area, whose steep, sloping 11.176 entrance had been entirely filled in with earth. “When I was a boy, I used to come here with my father,” the old man said. “The entrance to the passageway was open then, but some time later the governor ordered that it be filled in, to prevent people from going in and getting killed.” He continued as follows: “Now, they say that a group of young men were once celebrating a wedding with the groom and came here to take a look at the passageway. Well, they started goading each other to go inside, and eventually they all did. Not a single one returned. They all died, lost underground. None of them thought to bring a good, long rope with them to tie to the entrance of the passageway. They could have held on to it and used it to get out again.” After he finished telling this story, the khawājah asked him about the passageway we’d explored earlier. What was it? “Oh, that one,” the old man said. “When Aleppo was first built, they used 11.177 to cut limestone out of it, for construction. The proof is that it has a pit every hundred feet. That was where they’d dig out the limestone.” It was true: When we were in the passageway, we saw pits like that, blocked up. The khawājah commended the old man. Then he pointed out that this whole area seemed to be a mountain of limestone. Why then would they put themselves to the trouble of excavating it from a cramped cave? “For two reasons,” the old man replied. “First of all, the limestone there is more solid. For construction purposes, it’s as durable as granite. The second reason—and this is the truer one—is that the kings of times past used those
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�ب ��ل ا � � ا � �ل�����ل ا �� د ة� �ع��مر
� ب �� � � � ب ا �ب��ا ���� ب ك� ���ا ب�� ة� �ل�ا ب� ��� او ا �ل� ل ح��ل ا ����� ة�م � ���س��ر �مس س م
� ة � �با ب �ب�ا �ب���� �ة�ل� ��ل �وا ر� �ل�ا ب� ط� �� او ����ل �� ح��ل ا �لب��� �و ��ة� م ة� ة ا � ا �ب � ح� �ل�ر س. � � ب ب ًا ا ب ب � بة � ة اب ط� � ة � حة���ا ر �ع���� ا �بل ح�� �و����د �ة� ك�� �وا ب� ���� ��ل ��� �ب� � د ا ك ا �ل��مرد ا ب� ��ل���م�� ا �ة�� �� ل ع � �ل���س ���د ا ا �ل�� ة � ا� ح�ب��د ةل � ب��� ب ب � بة ا ��ا � �ور ب� ��ر� ا � �لة���لة����� �� � ���س ل� ��ه ب��ا �و������د �ب�ا ا �� ل� ا��مرد �و�م ب��ة������د ا �ة� �ع��� ب�� .ة ً ر ة� رم ة ��مة� م � � �� � ب � �� ا � ب ا �ة ب� ب ا � ة ة ب بة ا ب ح�� �ب�ا �س����م ب��ا ا ��ة� ا�ام����ا �وك���ل مس را ا �ة� � ح� �ل ���ب��ة���ل�� �و���د ا �م����� �ب ر �و�ه�� ك ا ل�� ةد���� � او ج ٰ � � � ا � �ب ة ب� ب� ّ ة ب ح� �و ��سس ��س�� � ��را لل� �م بس ا �ل ب �ر�ا د� � او �ب ������ا �. � او �ل ة ة ة ب� ب ��م د �ل��ك ��ة�
� �� ا � � ب � ب �م����س ح�ث��. ا �ة��و�م ا ��� �ل� �مس ����هر ا د ا ر ��س��� ١٧64ة� ة ة ��ثج�م
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Chapter Eleven
passageways to march their soldiers underground, so no one would know they were coming. They pretended they were excavating the limestone for construction, but the secret purpose was to be able to move their troops underground.” The old man’s words fascinated the khawājah, who found them believable. 11.178 He also accepted the old man’s claim that the filled-in passageway emerged in Antep. We left him then, and returned the way we’d come. Climbing up to the vineyard known as al-Qulayʿah, we had lunch and spent the rest of the day there. When evening came, each went on his way. This is the end of my story, and of my wanderings. I ask God’s forgiveness for any undue additions or omissions. Completed on the third of March in the year 1764 of the Christian era.
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Afterword: Ḥannā Diyāb and the Thousand and One Nights Paulo Lemos Horta
Scholars of the Thousand and One Nights have long known that a Syrian Maronite named Ḥannā Diyāb played a role in the genesis of some of the most famous stories added to Antoine Galland’s early-eighteenth-century French translation of the story collection. However, before the identification of Diyāb’s Book of Travels, evidence for the Aleppan traveler’s distinctive contribution was frustratingly slim. Galland’s diary offers a brief glimpse of his first meeting with Diyāb in the Paris apartment of Paul Lucas, a French collector of curiosities, in 1709. There, Galland discovered that the young traveler “[knew] some very beautiful Arabic tales.” 65 The French translator also took notes on a series of sessions from May 5 to June 6, during which Diyāb told him fifteen fantastical stories. Although Galland requested manuscripts of these stories from Diyāb, references in his journal suggest that he received only one: “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp.” Such were the meager resources available to researchers of the Nights, and for decades they seemed content to relegate Diyāb to a footnote in their analyses of a story collection whose impact on Western literature has been extensive. The publication of Diyāb’s Book of Travels at last offers the opportunity to rescue the author from the margins of Nights scholarship and to revise our understanding of the origins of Galland’s most popular tales, including “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp,” “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves,” and “The Ebony Horse.” A mixture of memoir and travelogue, The Book of Travels is dominated by the author’s journey from Aleppo to Paris in the service of Paul Lucas, a shady procurer of curiosities for the court of Louis XIV. Looking back on that journey fifty years later, Diyāb notes that while in Paris he met with an unnamed translator, recognizably Galland, who was working on the Thousand and One Nights, and that he supplied the man with enough new stories to allow him to finish the collection. There is no evidence that Diyāb offered stories he thought belonged to the Thousand and One Nights. Like the storytellers who plied their trade in the coffee shops of Aleppo, he may have retold old tales or created new
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ones from familiar elements. Although his stories were soon to become popular, Diyāb does not seem to have learned of the impact of his intervention in literary history. The Book of Travels offers an opportunity to explore the resonances that emerge when Diyāb’s narrative is examined alongside the tales that passed into Galland’s Nights through his agency. Diyāb’s memoir reveals his ability to weave anecdotes and story motifs into a compelling tale of a life shaped by ambition and curiosity. Its pages offer clear evidence of his attraction to religion, magic, and mystery; his thirst for adventure; and his willingness to break from what was conventionally expected of a junior member of an Aleppan merchant family. His lasting contribution to the Western storytelling corpus known as the Arabian Nights can now be viewed through his fascination with difference, strangeness, and wonder. As Diyāb comes to the fore as a personality and as a narrator, his encounter with Galland in Paris can no longer be dismissed as a mere footnote to the history of the Nights. The so-called orphan tales—that is, the tales with no extant Arabic original—can no longer be seen as authorless.66 Their origins lie not only in the French literary practice of Galland but in the imagination and narrative skills of the Syrian traveler who first told them in 1709. The opportunity for Diyāb to insert his tales into the extensive corpus of stories of the Thousand and One Nights arose from the fundamental mutability of the original Arabic collection, which had always invited storytellers to continue the sequence of tales in a potentially infinite demonstration of the possibilities of invention and recombination. In the early Arabic manuscripts of the Nights, only the frame tale and a few early story cycles remain constant. These are nocturnal stories told by the brave Shahrazad to save her own life and the lives of the other women of the kingdom—an attempt to use the lure of “what happened next” to prevent her husband, Shahriyar, from having her killed the next morning. As the frame story explains, King Shahriyar has been cuckolded by his queen and, having dispatched her and her lover, has resolved to marry a virgin each evening and to promptly execute her the next day. When Shahrazad volunteers to be his next victim, the string of stories begins, each more marvelous and astounding than the one before. No authentic Arabic collection of Thousand and One Nights tales offers the mythical number of 1,001 nights of storytelling, but each offers new additions and variations that build on the central core of the tales’ oldest components. As the stories entered Western literature through French, this pattern continued. When Galland’s Arabic manuscript ran out of stories, his publisher, and then Galland himself, added new tales intended to continue
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the pattern of ever more wondrous stories to meet French readers’ insatiable appetite for Shahrazad’s tales.67 Diyāb’s arrival in Paris with Paul Lucas in 1709 was therefore providential for Galland. Of the sixteen stories Diyāb offered him during their meetings, the French translator inserted ten into his version of Les mille et une nuits.68 These ten tales have proven to be among the most influential Thousand and One Nights tales and have been repeatedly translated, adapted, and republished in various formats. It is not just that Diyāb’s tales were the most widely read: As French scholars have argued, their impact on European languages was so great that they ultimately influenced how the story collection as a whole was received and interpreted.69 Despite having many affinities with tales contained in Arabic manuscripts of the Thousand and One Nights, the tales added by Galland and Diyāb seem more consistently otherworldly and marvelous. Their emphasis on supernatural elements—embodied in the powerful jinni of the lamp in “Aladdin” and the flying carpet in “Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū”—has colored perceptions of the Nights as a whole. So too has the greater attention in their tales to precious jewels, luxurious materials, and elaborate ceremonies. In literary scholarship, these elements have been attributed, in too facile a manner, to the particular assumptions of the European Orientalist, as epitomized by Galland. Given the absence of information on Diyāb, it was Galland who was seen as adding elements he thought representative of Islamic culture, such as superstition and love of luxury, to inform and entertain his readers. It was also Galland who was credited with the literary skill needed to elevate “mere folklore” into a text deserving of a place on European bookshelves.70 While neglecting Diyāb’s distinctive contribution to Western versions of the Nights, several literary critics have lauded Galland as the de facto author or creator of the Thousand and One Nights as a work of world literature.71 In evaluating his achievement as a translator of one Arabic manuscript of the Nights, critics often stress that he reworked the original tales instead of merely translating them. This emphasis implies that the Arabic text from which he worked was merely raw material requiring the literary intervention of a French master to become worthy of European attention. When critics turn their attention to Galland’s versions of Diyāb’s tales, the achievement of the French Orientalist appears even more impressive, and the Syrian storyteller is confined to obscurity. In this reading of the “orphan tales,” Galland, taking only the bare outlines of plot from his Syrian informant, drew on his own travels in the Orient and his research as an Orientalist to fill in the fabulous details of voyages, palaces,
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and magical objects. The French translator is placed within the long line of creative storytellers who have contributed to the making and remaking of the stories attached to the Thousand and One Nights. The credit for stitching and weaving—even when this involved plot elements that Galland’s notes indicate came from Diyāb—and for making tales sing on the page has gone to Galland.72 Diyāb, meanwhile, is either forgotten completely or credited only with providing the material that Galland’s sophistication transformed into a literary product worthy of being consumed in Enlightenment Paris. Galland has been credited not only with making the Nights more marvelous, but also more modern. In adapting the tales to the conventions of prose writing in vogue in eighteenth-century France, Galland, it is claimed, gave greater psychological richness and depth to the characters. The French translator was able to transform sparse notes from Diyāb’s oral performances into compelling tales of ordinary characters caught up in extraordinary predicaments, according to Sermain, editor of the most recent edition of Galland’s Les mille et une nuits. Drawing on French literary conventions, Galland invented dialogues and inner monologues, and gave narrative coherence to the rudimentary story elements offered by Diyāb. Characters were developed with more sympathy, and the hero of humble origin was developed as a moral example to French readers.73 Galland is understood to have done more than feed the appetite for fairy tales in and beyond the French salons of the early eighteenth century. He is also said to have opened up the tales in terms of character and technique so they could resonate with mainstream literary trends in French prose throughout the eighteenth century, which coincided with the greatest penetration of the Nights in cultural consciousness. To this day, it is axiomatic in French scholarship that the modernity of the Nights tales is a result of their handling by Galland, and subsequently Diderot and Voltaire, and their circulation in both overt and subterranean currents of European modernity.74 If the stories appealed in Europe, it was because they had become more modern, and Galland and Paris were the agents of their modernity. A careful consideration of Diyāb’s Book of Travels should disrupt this narrative of Galland’s authorship and allow us to recognize Diyāb’s distinctive contributions to the tales added in French to the corpus of the Nights. These contributions include his creative agency as a storyteller and the modernity of his narration of the eighteenth-century world. The narrative skill he reveals in The Book of Travels lends credence to the argument that the “beautiful” tales he related to Galland in 1709 contained more than mere fragments that had to be
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stitched together by the European translator to achieve their effect. If Diyāb’s account of his journey is made up of some forty embedded anecdotes and stories, as Johannes Stephan has suggested,75 then the author demonstrates considerable facility in weaving them together to form his own narrative. Like other travel accounts from the period, the text can be seen as a particular mixture of fact and fiction that partakes of both Arabic and European storytelling traditions. Throughout the manuscript, descriptions of foreign lands mingle with entertaining anecdotes that Diyāb has heard or read to create an engaging account of a life composed of stories. Diyāb’s effort to integrate elements familiar from other contexts can be recognized in the presence of motifs from the tales of Nizami and Boccaccio. Examples include the tale of the woman buried alive and the story of the jilted painter who is promised and then denied the hand of a beautiful young woman in marriage. The memoir thus confirms Galland’s journal notes, which reveal Diyāb’s ability to combine existing story elements into new tales.76 Diyāb’s Book of Travels shares motifs and themes with the added French Nights tales, as well as a manner of telling. In his memoir, the Syrian author mixes elements from different sources or embeds stories to build suspense. This skill is equally evident in the tales Diyāb offered to Galland for the Nights. When Diyāb tells the story of his arrest in Paris, for instance, he builds suspense by frequently interrupting the narrative, as he interpolates tales about unusual characters and their struggles with the backdrop of Enlightenment Paris.77 The use of such embedded stories is central to the construction of tales in the Arabic corpus of the Nights. Some of the stories Diyāb told Galland—most importantly the three stories interlinked in “The Caliph’s Night Adventure”—adopt this structure as well. Other Diyāb stories demonstrate the creative possibilities that result from linking or mixing elements from the rich storytelling culture of his homeland. The tale of “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves,” which began its life as the “Tale of Hogia Baba” in Diyāb’s first narration to Galland, demonstrates the power of linking existing motifs to create a tale of intrigue and suspense. Diyāb’s version combines three popular story elements—the magical cave, the gang of thieves, and the clever slave girl. All of these elements existed in some form prior to his intervention, but it was his telling of the tale to Galland that first brought them together into a new tale. Galland’s rewriting alters the name of the main character and drops the food motif from the story of the magical cave.78 Even so, it preserves the balance between the elements contributed by Diyāb, and it is these elements that are central to the story’s appeal.
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Afterword: Ḥannā Diyāb and the Thousand and One Nights
Creating tales by combining motifs is central to Diyāb’s narrative practice, as it was for the many storytellers who contributed to the constantly mutating Nights. The author of The Book of Travels proved to have precisely the skills and talent necessary to give him a place among the many storytellers, compilers, and editors of the Nights tales over the centuries. There is no doubt that Galland made some additions to the stories he received from Diyāb and incorporated into Les mille et une nuits. The additions to “Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū” are obvious, and add to the exotic quality of the three princes’ travels in search of a marvelous artifact to win the hand of the beloved princess.79 However, these interpolations drawn from Galland’s academic work fail to demonstrate the kind of literary inventiveness that critics would like to attribute to him. More than these opportunistic insertions, Diyāb’s mixing of story elements to create a compelling narrative deserves pride of place. Within the modern history of storytelling, the impact of Diyāb’s tales is remarkable, as their plots and motifs have been codified two hundred years later as tale types by researchers. The folk-narrative historian Ulrich Marzolph has argued that Ḥannā Diyāb introduced more tale types to the narrative repertoire of the Western world than any other storyteller. Marzolph has found no fewer than four international tale types whose first appearance can be traced to the stories Diyāb told Galland.80 If these tale types now strike us as some of the most basic plots in world literature, then it is time to acknowledge that this is a result of Diyāb’s creative abilities. Diyāb’s imprint on the tales transmitted to Galland may transcend the deployment of techniques already in evidence in the core tales of the original collection. Some of the distinctly “modern” qualities attributed to the Diyāb stories appear to have echoes in The Book of Travels, raising the question of whether it was Diyāb who imparted this particular sensibility to the Nights. If the DiyābGalland stories indeed display more self-reflection and psychological depth than other Nights stories, The Book of Travels may explain why, as Diyāb’s approach to narration in that work involves a great interiority. The Book of Travels is written in the first person and the narrator asserts his individuality as an observer, even hoping to spare his readers the disappointments he experienced in his life.81 The narrator seeks to impose his authority on the work as an author rather than relying on the collective authority of a chain of guarantors, or expressing his subjectivity by quoting poetry as other travelers had.82 The work is remarkable in capturing the emotional qualities of Diyāb’s younger, more naive self, and comments in a thoughtful way on the choices that determined his path through life.83 His description of the sense of alienation he experienced as a novice monk is
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striking. He writes about himself freely, confessing his difficulties and self-doubt, and when he is laid low, he feels that the world has shrunk before his eyes.84 In the journey that takes Diyāb from Aleppo to Paris and back, his conscious self-fashioning is evident in moments of disguise and deception. Diyāb admits to the lies and deceits that play a critical role in facilitating his journeys, as the text’s French translator has noted. When on his return voyage he confidently claims to be a doctor like his father before him, and that he studied in Marseille, he is admitting to deliberate deceit. For the French translator, these are the moments where Diyāb most clearly reveals his modernity—when he demonstrates his understanding of social expectations but refuses to be bound by those constraints.85 This distinctive stance is signaled at beginning of the memoir in an episode in which he ignores his family’s order to return to Aleppo, clearly asserting his right to choose his own path in this narrative. Life on the road with Paul Lucas offered Diyāb the opportunity to reinvent himself and provided an apprenticeship in the life of the merchant-traveler, including an immersion in a barter system defined by ruses. Paul Lucas was the consummate self-made man, who registers in the courtly correspondence of more erudite rivals and patrons as a “marvelous” autodidact.86 What earned him this moniker was an almost preternatural ability to gauge the value of ancient coins and medallions by a combination of touch and experience, which left them baffled by his ability to bring back hundreds of coins for the cabinets of the court without a forgery among them. Doubtless, the unacknowledged labor of servants such as Diyāb helped him secure his hoard of treasures, among them manuscripts in languages he did not claim to know. But one should not discount the possibility that the self-taught Lucas accumulated a substantial store of practical knowledge that had long allowed him to survive as a jewel merchant and thrive within trading routes and markets of the Levant, the experience that recommended him to his patrons at court. Lucas adopts the guise of a medical doctor to facilitate their passage through the lands along their Mediterranean route, and Diyāb describes the ruses of his mentor without censure. His own efforts to mirror these subterfuges later in the journey show Diyāb acting as the agent of his own destiny. Though the young Diyāb was complicit in the subterfuges Lucas deployed to swindle locals out of precious objects, his admiration for Lucas’s practice of medicine was genuine, and he regrets not having learnt more when he presents himself as a physician on his return journey. Pontchartrain’s instructions governing the commission given Lucas during this journey explicitly prescribed his adoption of the guise
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of a physician to deflect attention from his real aim of collecting items for the French court’s cabinets of curiosities. To this end, a passport was drawn up in Lucas’s name that identified him as a doctor, and Lucas was advised not to reveal he traveled to acquire coins, medallions, and manuscripts for the French monarch (for fear this knowledge might drive up prices and invite hostility).87 Lucas himself describes adopting the title of physician in his previous voyage for the purpose of avoiding suspicion.88 Diyāb had cause to take the Frenchman for a doctor. The Richelieu collection at the National Library in France preserves Lucas’s commission from a naturalist at court to procure herbs and learn about medicine not native to France.89 As part of his guise, Lucas may have traveled with common remedies to pass for a doctor in his travels.90 Some success in this regard must have been evident (as Diyāb attests), for in this, as in his other voyages, Lucas traveled on a tight budget and relied greatly on bartering his cures for information, hospitality, and goods. Diyāb’s memoir is also notable for its interest in the testing of social boundaries, displaying an increased awareness, relative to previous Arabic travelogues, of social distinctions between Christians and Muslims, and between Maronites and other Christians.91 These issues emerge at several points on his journey to Paris with Lucas, and again when he attempts to gauge where he fits into a social hierarchy with regard to other Maronites and Eastern Christians in Paris. At one point, he must weigh an offer of marriage into the family of a café owner that would offer him a foothold in the French capital against Lucas’s elusive promise of an appointment as the king’s Arabic librarian. In some cases, this attentiveness to social distinction involves navigating gendered assumptions, as in an early episode in which Diyāb is enlisted in an effort by a Maronite husband to convince his wife to cease veiling. Diyāb’s comments attributing differences in women’s behavior to the state of girls’ education indicate a willingness to include consideration of social practices within a narrative marked by dramatic and marvelous events. Diyāb’s writing self-consciously explores efforts at shaping his identity, attentive to the roles and constraints that shaped the lives around him. In light of this evidence, literary critics should be cautious about ascribing any modern qualities in the Nights tales to Galland as translator, or indeed “author.” Judged only from the rough notes on his meetings with Galland, the stories Diyāb told in 1709 offer moments in which the characters seem to possess a complex inner life. In “The Ebony Horse,” characters are plagued by internal conflicts at several critical moments in the story, as when the king of Persia wonders whether he
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really ought to trade the princess for the wondrous flying horse. In “The City of Gold,” a Diyāb story that Galland chose not to insert into the collection, the third prince is described in the diary notes as having “a more open, more lively, and more penetrating mind than those of his two elder brothers.” Understanding that his father would never permit him to journey beyond the kingdom to satisfy his desire for adventure, he is careful to dissimulate and keep his travel preparations a secret. Even some elements of interiority in “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves” attributed by at least one scholar to Galland himself, including the moment when Cassim forgets the words he needs to speak in order to escape the cave, are part of Diyāb’s original telling of the story, as the notes from Galland’s journal prove.92 Diyāb’s interest in the lives of ordinary characters caught up in dangerous events that they are helpless to control resonates with the greater stress on characterization in the added Nights stories, when compared to the scholarly preoccupations that dominate Galland’s work outside the Thousand and One Nights. Looking back on his time in Paris in The Book of Travels, Diyāb is attentive to the predicament of the economically marginal as the capital experienced the effects of economic crisis and harvest failure in the winter of 1708–9. While Galland makes no comment on the bread riots that occurred in his neighborhood on the day Diyāb delivered the conclusion of “Aladdin,” Diyāb’s record of his time in the city mentions beggars at cathedral doors and former soldiers forbidden to ask for alms. In The Book of Travels, Diyāb is particularly sympathetic to the plight of the condemned he finds in the broadsides advertising their executions. In one episode, a young man takes debt titles from his father’s shop to his own through a misunderstanding and ends up on the scaffold despite the protestations of his family. Diyāb lingers over this public and private tragedy, detailing the execution and the lamentations of the assembled crowd. This story of an everyday tragedy played out on the streets of Paris offers an obvious thematic link to the plight of a young protagonist like Aladdin.93 There is nothing like it in Galland’s journals.94 If greater attention to social life and material culture are indeed a distinguishing feature of the Diyāb-Galland tales,95 then The Book of Travels suggests that Diyāb was more likely than Galland to have nurtured those concerns. Diyāb’s dreams of advancement in Paris as a servant of the royal court share a certain affinity with the fantastic journey of Aladdin, while other stories told to Galland offer a darker perspective on the possibilities of social ascent. In “Khawājah Ḥasan al-Ḥabbāl,” two friends try to change the fortune of a poor rope maker by giving him money but are unable to alter his circumstances (though he does
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find fortune via other means). Diyāb’s oral telling of the tale included details about how valuable coins might be hidden in the head garments of the rope maker at the center of the experiment (“[he] hid it in his turban as all the poor people do”).96 The particular social circumstances of women also serve as a significant element in the Diyāb stories described in Galland’s notes. In “The Two Sisters Who Envied Their Cadette,” the princess is given the same education as her elder brothers, with instruction in reading and writing, the sciences, riding, spear throwing, and playing musical instruments, and proves herself superior when the characters are tested. In “Qamar al-Dīn and and Badr al-Budūr,” which Galland left out of the Nights, there is comparable stress on the significance of a woman receiving the same education as a man, and the female protagonist succeeds in rescuing her beloved cousin by outsmarting the servants of the sultan’s court and beating his favorite at chess. Despite the long interval that separates them, the Diyāb who narrates The Book of Travels shows significant affinities in interests and approach with the storyteller who offered tales of wonder to a French translator in Paris. When these examples are considered against the evidence regarding Galland’s own literary efforts, the case for seeing Diyāb as a significant contributor to the distinctiveness of the added Nights stories appears even stronger. Galland did indeed spend time in the Ottoman world and achieve success as an Orientalist scholar, but his other writings include little evidence that he was adept at the kinds of literary flourishes French critics have attributed to him. If Diyāb broke with the convention of the Arab travelogue by embracing the first-person pronoun in The Book of Travels,97 Galland’s journal of his time in Constantinople in 1672–73 seems determined to erase his own voice and perspective.98 Although Galland had a French tradition of journal writing to draw upon, his own journal of this formative period in his life barely registers events in his life, or interest in the lives of others. It does little to construct a narrative,99 and shows no interest in the kinds of interiority deemed new to the added Nights tales. Instead, it is given over to the cataloging of the manuscripts and books that were his main scholarly interest at the time. Scholars have fixated on the journal’s rare and vivid description of an army heading out for battle in May 1672 as a sign of how Galland’s personal experience of the Orient would have informed his retellings of the stories offered by Diyāb.100 Yet Galland’s journal generally eschews the kind of elaborate descriptions of the settings and customs of Constantinople that are assumed to be a part of the translator’s literary repertoire. The same is true of his Nights translation as a whole. Despite Galland’s gesture toward the
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ethnographic goal of explaining the Orient to his readers through his translation of the Thousand and One Nights, he did little to follow through with this program in the text (and he supplies very few notes). The translation reveals a literary approach to anthropology, rather than an anthropological approach to literature, as Madeleine Dobie aptly puts it.101 If Galland’s diaries are any guide, the intellectual interests he pursued while translating the Nights and meeting with Diyāb are the same as those he pursued during his time abroad. In Paris, Galland devoted the bulk of his day to the Greco-Roman interests and numismatic projects that were his primary passion. He spent his most intense hours of study on lectures and writing projects related to the Greco-Roman classics, while his evenings were spent on translating the Nights, a task that required less energy and attention.102 His diary reflects a clear preference for translation from a text rather than the exercises in expansion and development that he is presumed to have undertaken with Diyāb’s outlined stories. Galland notes in his journal that he asked Diyāb to write out the stories he had told him. He records that he did indeed receive a text of “Aladdin,” which is the one he presumably used in the creation of the published version of the story. While it has not yet been proven, there remains the intriguing possibility that Galland was not attempting to replicate the stories he heard from Diyāb using the shorthand notes from his journal, but was working, rather, from fuller manuscripts that contained some of the distinctive elements identified by scholars of the Nights.103 Little in Diyāb’s Paris diaries reveals Galland to be capable of the kind of literary creativity and empathy necessary to create the depth of character or the “modern” interiority that some scholars perceive in the Diyāb-Galland tales. Immersed in the Greco-Roman classics, Galland evinces no curiosity about the world around him, not even in the tragic events that still held Diyāb’s interest fifty years after they occurred. In many ways, the critical edition of Galland’s diaries only deepens the mystery surrounding the personality at their center. The editor’s notes, but not the entries themselves, point to the workings of history just outside Galland’s door as war, famine, and bread riots brought suffering to many Parisians.104 But the Orientalist preferred the world of fixed texts to the infinite stories beyond his doorstep. In his editorial work on travelogues or the Bibliothèque orientale, or his translations from the Qurʾan and of a history of coffee, Galland preferred to let the work speak for itself. His writings over the decades do not suggest the voice of an emerging storyteller capable of providing psychological depth to the protagonists of the Nights.
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Viewed against the labors of the French Orientalist, Diyāb’s Book of Travels offers more convincing evidence of a narrator immersed in the lore of storytelling and attuned to the power of a carefully constructed fiction. Despite the fifty-year gap between Diyāb’s journey to Paris and the production of the travelogue, the figure of Paul Lucas casts a long shadow over the tale it contains. Lucas was himself the author of popular French travelogues.105 His quest for treasures and curiosities for the French court determined the itinerary of Diyāb’s travels from Aleppo to Paris,106 and his penchant for the marvelous resonates with both The Book of Travels and the stories Diyāb would contribute to the Nights in Paris. Lucas’s journeys through the Mediterranean to Egypt, Constantinople, and Persia were not connected to any practice of scientific inquiry. He was neither a geographer nor an archaeologist, and he had no training in ancient or foreign languages. In essence, he was an old-fashioned treasure hunter with an insatiable appetite for precious objects and fantastic stories. The son of a merchant from Rouen, he had made his reputation traveling through the Mediterranean and Ottoman world to procure precious stones, medals, and manuscripts for his patrons at the court of Louis XIV. Drawing on the conventions of the French picaresque novel, Lucas styled himself in the mode of a fictional character. In his third travelogue, he declares, “Nothing resembles more the life of errant knights than the life of travelers, and the situation I found myself this night, and where I have found myself a hundred times, reminds me of the pleasant notions of Don Quixote de la Mancha.” The travelogues he produced from these journeys were full of exotic landscapes, marvelous objects, and fantastic adventures, and could include sketches of entire cities that Lucas had never visited, including Mecca and Medina.107 When in 1707 Diyāb met Lucas in a caravan departing from Aleppo, he attached himself to a master who believed that fantastical tales were no less valuable than precious artifacts. For Lucas, travelers who sought to know the essence of a foreign culture needed to seek out the folktales and legends that circulated among the common people. Having lost his last interpreter, and unable to communicate with the leader of the caravan out of Aleppo, Lucas was in need of Diyāb’s linguistic skills. Traveling with Lucas through the Mediterranean and on to Paris, Diyāb would have played a critical role in the gathering of marvelous tales and the objects with which they were associated. In his account of their time together, Diyāb captures the power of personality that Lucas brought to his pursuit of the treasures and curiosities he gathered on commission from the French crown. Aware of the lies and ruses Lucas used to navigate these
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uncertain territories and to acquire items with little concern for the destruction this caused, Diyāb is still willing to trust the Frenchmen enough to follow him to Paris in the hope of securing a position for himself at the royal court. Beyond the interest in precious objects that drove Lucas’s and Diyāb’s travels together, the two men shared an abiding interest in tales of miracles and magic. In the Levant and throughout the journey to Paris, Diyāb’s experiences were shaped by Lucas’s preference for traveling with priests and relying on a network of religious sanctuaries.108 Lucas possessed a genuine interest in the material remains of the Christian past in Cairo. He and Diyāb together visited the site where the Holy Family was said to have taken refuge, and both describe it in their respective travelogues. In Greece, Lucas was fascinated by the Christian marvels of the Orthodox Church, and he shared Diyāb’s interest in the material culture of Marian devotion.109 Diyāb’s Book of Travels parallels these interests in recounting an intense religious experience in Tunis and in recording the many miracles associated with the Blessed Virgin of the Black Mountains. Diyāb also incorporates episodes of miraculous healing into his travelogue— healing effected by the marvelous power of amulets and secret potions or the intercession of the Virgin herself. Similar motifs appear in the tales Diyāb told Galland, most notably in “Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū,” where the princess is healed by a magic apple that can cure any illness. The supernatural power of the elixir of life contained in the philosopher’s stone, and wielded by Lucas himself, is dramatized in stories included in the travelogues of both men. Lucas spins a wild tale of finding the secret of the philosopher’s stone by meeting with an Uzbek dervish in Anatolia and retracing the steps of Nicolas Flamel in Paris. Diyāb recounts the use of the elixir to save the life of a desperately ill Lucas during a stop on their journey in Tunis. Such fantastical tales were part of the storytelling repertoire of magic, medicine, and miracle that were shared by Diyāb and his French master for the critical months during which they journeyed to Paris.110 One might justly ask how much this common enthusiasm for marvels both natural and material would have informed Diyāb’s storytelling preferences after he arrived in Paris and found an avid listener in Antoine Galland. After a journey of many months, Diyāb would certainly have gained a sense of the kinds of stories that would attract a French collector of curiosities. In his Book of Travels, he recalls paying meticulous attention to Lucas’s note-taking as he accumulated the observations and anecdotes that would go into his own popular travelogues. Even if his personal preferences had not run parallel to those of Lucas and the
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growing reading public clamoring for more stories in the mode of the Nights, Diyāb would have been well prepared to deliver tales of marvels to the French translator who asked him for stories. An examination of Diyāb’s narrative of his experiences during the year and a half of his journey with Lucas before his encounter with Galland in Paris allows us to speculate about how they might have shaped specific elements within the stories that were later circulated through versions of the Nights. The resemblance of the magician from “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp” to Lucas, also noted by Bernard Heyberger,111 leads me to further specify ways in which this story parallels elements of Diyāb’s putative memoir.112 Both “Aladdin” and The Book of Travels relate a tale of youthful adventure and feature a young man bred in the streets of a mercantile center. If Aladdin is too lazy to learn his father’s trade as a tailor, Diyāb makes a more conscious decision to depart from the path of his brothers. Both young men are shaped by an absent father (dead in the case of Aladdin and presumed dead in the case of Diyāb) and a melancholic mother. In both stories, the youth falls under the sway of a mysterious father figure, a man in possession of magical objects or abilities. And Lucas, I would add, was taken in his travels in the Levant for a magician. Just as the Maghrebi magician enlists Aladdin in his quest for riches, Diyāb is drawn in to Lucas’s quest for marvelous objects and stories with the promise that he would secure him a royal appointment to the library of Arabic manuscripts. Just as Aladdin wields the power of the magician’s ring and discovers the jinni of the lamp, Diyāb relates tales of Lucas’s amulets that can heal and speaks of the miraculous power of his philosopher’s stone. Though Diyāb’s tale of his younger self offers the doubled vision of an older narrator and a stronger note of skepticism, he has constructed it using a classic narrative pattern visible also in the tales he told Galland. The self-fashioning that speaks to the “modernity” of the Diyāb-Galland tales is evident in Diyāb’s portrait of Lucas. The Book of Travels is filled with moments that highlight the performative aspect of the French traveler’s authority on the journey. At their first meeting, Lucas is traveling in his favored disguise of a physician. After one of the caravan’s first stops on the road to Tripoli, his declaration that two skulls near the ruins of an old church and convent must belong to ancient kings has no grounding in any archaeological procedure. When he recruits a young goatherd to lower himself into a small cave to retrieve a ring and a lamp, Lucas resembles a tomb raider rather than a scholar. Such masquerades are as much a part of the story of Aladdin as the pursuit of fabulous riches and the use of magical objects. Diyāb, like Aladdin, would follow his roguish father
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figure in spite of his skepticism about his credentials and intentions. While it may be too much to imagine that Diyāb saw himself in the figure of Aladdin, the story of his travels with Lucas contains thematic parallels that may be the work of a shared creator. Both stories contain the marvelous motifs of supernatural and precious objects associated with the tales added to the Nights, and issues of identity that have been perceived as modern. In The Book of Travels, Diyāb explores the possibilities of cultivating a new identity on the model of Lucas, and himself assumes the guise of a physician on his return journey to Aleppo. For his part, Aladdin will slowly grow into the new persona created artificially through the power of the jinni of the lamp—a young man at last worthy of the trappings of wealth and power. As The Book of Travels moves on to chronicle Diyāb’s experiences in Paris and his visit to the Palace of Versailles, it offers an even more powerful riposte to those who seek to attribute the marvels of the added Nights stories solely to Galland.113 In the travelogue, Diyāb evokes the grand spectacle of elaborate ritual and excessive luxury that accompanied his presentation to King Louis XIV. His descriptions of the radiant beauty and luxurious attire of the ladies of Versailles are reminiscent of the descriptions of the princesses in the tales of “Aladdin” and “Prince Aḥmad.” An encounter in the palace with a lovely woman wearing a diadem studded with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and other precious stones leaves Diyāb convinced he has encountered the king’s daughter. Such details will recur in the tale of Prince Aḥmad when the titular character meets the fairy princess Perī Bānū emerging from her palace, adorned with jewels.114 In describing her throne, Diyāb will use the same list of precious stones that appears in The Book of Travels decades later.115 The women of Louis XIV’s court may have appeared marvelous enough to inspire the description of a fairy princess in a tale later spun for Galland. Yet it is just as likely that these are stock phrases that signal Diyāb’s attempt in both instances to capture the splendor and wealth of a marvelous realm. Diyāb’s fascination with the rapid construction and excessive luxury of the Palace of Versailles is another clear link to the stress on magnificent material settings in the stories he related to Galland. Given the elaborate description of Versailles’s gardens and glittering dome, it is unlikely that a French Orientalist scholar was needed to make Diyāb’s tales more appealing to readers hungry for the wonders of the Nights. The notes Galland jotted down during Diyāb’s 1709 performance of his “beautiful” tales provide evidence of the Syrian storyteller’s gift for combining old elements to form new tales half a century before he displayed the same
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skill in The Book of Travels. Three centuries later, literary historians are finally beginning to understand that the tales Diyāb gave Galland are not “orphan tales,” as defined by the absence of an Arabic manuscript source, but rather “Diyāb’s tales,”116 the work of a gifted and curious young man who continued to exercise his narrative skills throughout his life. We also need to reevaluate how our underlying assumptions about the “modern” and the “marvelous” have been shaped. In seeking to identify what differentiates the Diyāb-Galland tales from the rest of the stories in the Nights, critics have failed to disentangle the marvelous from associations with the fabulous luxuries of the Arab world, or to decouple modernity from images of a literary Paris. Beyond Galland’s presumed modern sensibility, Diyāb’s own fascinating journey through the Mediterranean in Lucas’s service and his explorations of the spectacular facades and social mores of Paris and Versailles demonstrate a sophisticated narrative command. At the level of storytelling and technique, we cannot limit our understanding of Diyāb’s contribution to new tales included in Galland’s Nights to the conveying of a repository of marvels or recombining of folktales. Nor should we limit it to the possible imprint of autobiographical experiences. In light of The Book of Travels, Diyāb is equally likely to have contributed to the inner monologues and self-reflection that mark out the new added tales from those of the original story collection. The added tales have been seen as essentially French, but as we reflect upon the author that emerges from The Book of Travels, we may learn to read them as the product of a more complex Syrian-French genesis—shaped as much by Ḥannā Diyāb as by Antoine Galland.
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Notes
1
This section is not numbered in the manuscript, nor is it called a chapter. There is, however, an indentation in the text block, which suggests a break in the narrative.
2
Correcting Diyāb’s February 1709, which is inaccurate, just as it was at the beginning of Chapter 8. Based on the report Lucas made upon his return (Omont, Missions archéologiques, 347), it seems the pair arrived in Paris on October 25, 1708.
3
Diyāb refers here to several jerboas that Paul Lucas acquired during the North African leg of their voyage. See Volume One, §5.109–10.
4
That is, slate.
5
This word is illegible, but is likely al-ṣayd (“the hunt”).
6
In Deuxième Voyage, 198, Lucas claims he had brought seven of these animals from the town of Fayoum.
7
It was through Diyāb’s mediation that jarbūʿ, the Arabic word for jerboa, entered the French lexicon (Elie Kallas, “Gerboise: L’entrée du terme arabe ǧerbūʿ à la cour de Louis XIV”).
8
This view on the history of the sect gained currency among renowned Maronite clerics and historians beginning in the fifteenth century. This does not mean that Lucas did not say what is attributed to him: He may have simply been repeating something that Diyāb (or other Maronites) had told him.
9
In fact, she was the wife of Louis XIV’s grandson, Louis le Petit Dauphin.
10
The word shouted by the princess may have been turc, as this was the common French designation for Muslims at the time.
11
The princess referred to here is Françoise Marie de Bourbon, one of Louis XIV’s illegitimate children. Her governess, the future Madame de Maintenon, would become Louis’s second wife.
12
Following this point, the narrative appears to shift to Diyāb’s voice rather than Lucas’s.
13
Diyāb here describes the Machine de Marly, a hydraulic system built between 1681 and 1685 to supply water to the Palace of Versailles from the River Seine. The engineer, Arnold de Ville, in reality obtained the task by competition (Thompson, The Sun King’s Garden: Louis XIV, André le Nôtre and the Creation of the Garden of Versailles, 247ff.).
14
The Bosquet du Marais, commissioned in 1688, contained a fountain shaped like “a bronze tree with tin leaves that sent forth water from the tips of its branches”
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Notes (Thompson, The Sun King’s Garden, 157–58). The bosquet was destroyed in 1705, a few years before Diyāb arrived in Versailles, but similar tinworks may have existed elsewhere on the grounds. 15
By the 1680s, Louis XIV had indeed completed the transfer of his chief residence to Versailles, though the reason was not his illicit marriage to Françoise d’Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon.
16
The marriage was a secret one, as the marquise was the king’s second wife.
17
We were not able to identify this trompe l’oeil painting.
18
The motif of drawing a fly on the portrait to dupe other artists is a legend known from the life of Giotto di Bondone, who tricked his master Cimabue as recounted in Vasari, Lives, 35. It appears as international tale type H.504.1.1 in the Aarne-Thompson Index.
19
On this episode see Nicholas Dew, Orientalism in Louis XIV’s France, 1–3. His source is Antoine Galland, who records the incident in his journals.
20
The inscription is the shahādah, the Muslim profession of faith: “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God.”
21
This is Christofalo (Christophe) Maunier, who was one of Antoine Galland’s competitors for the position of professor of Arabic at the Collège royal; see Galland, Journal, vol. 1, 256n256 and 266n282.
22
Diyāb mistakes the word hôtel (hotel, hostel) for autel (altar).
23
Louis XIV established juvenile detention centers (maisons de correction) in the late seventeenth century at the hospitals of Bicêtre and La Salpêtrière. See Gossard, “Breaking a Child’s Will: Eighteenth-Century Parisian Juvenile Detention Centers.”
24
This is the Edict of Fontainebleau, signed by Louis XIV in 1685, which ordered that the Huguenots be expelled from French territory on pain of death.
25
This sentence twice uses the word niẓām, which Diyāb uses to refer to various forms of propriety, good order, and good management. This passage suggests that he (or at least the Ottoman ambassador whose views he is communicating) saw the domains of city planning, household management, and political leadership to be linked.
26
The piaster was a silver coin used in the Ottoman Empire. Diyāb may have been referring to the French silver ecu, which weighed only slightly more than the piaster.
27
The identity of the theatrical production attended by Diyāb is uncertain. The translators of the French edition believe it to have been the opera Atys, by composer Jean-Baptiste Lully and librettist Philippe Quinault, which premiered in 1676 (Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 299–306). However, the description provided by Diyāb does not match the plot summary of that opera, nor is the title he supplies that of any French opera known to us. There are similarities between his account and the plot of Sémélé, an opera by composer Marin Marais and librettist Antoine Houdar de la Motte, which premiered at the Théâtre
28٠
280
Notes du Palais-Royal on April 9, 1709. It was performed twenty-five times between its premiere and its final performance on May 21, 1709, and was never revived (Pitou, The Paris Opéra, vol. 1, 310–11). 28
The principal characters in the well-known shadow puppet plays once performed throughout Ottoman lands.
29
Presumably, they carried her in this way so her feet would not have to touch the ground.
30
As noted by Fahmé-Thiéry et al., Diyāb probably had in mind the cross of Saint Andrew, which is shaped like an X (Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 322n).
31
This grisly torture method involves weaving the body through the spokes of a wagon wheel once the bones have been broken, while the person is still alive.
32
This story combines elements drawn from different sources. Geneviève, according to her hagiographers, distributed bread among the poor but did not work as a maid for a rich man. Diyāb’s retelling features the famous “miracle of the roses,” probably taken from the hagiography of Elisabeth, queen of Portugal. The hagiographic collection, of which he probably possessed a copy, contains both stories (Kitāb Akhbār al-qiddīsīn, vol. 3, fol. 20r, on the roses; and vol. 1, fol. 40r–42v, the vita of Geneviève).
33
The winter of 1709, known in England as “The Great Frost” and in France as le grand hiver, was the coldest European winter in five hundred years (Luterbacher et al., “European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes since 1500”).
34
This is Antoine Galland, the first European translator of the Thousand and One Nights.
35
Diyāb makes several appearances in Antoine Galland’s journal; see Le journal d’Antoine Galland, vol. 1, 286, 290, 320–34, 346–63, 373–76, 378, 483, 504. The stories he told Galland include “Aladdin and the Enchanted Lamp” (May 5, 1709), “The Blind Man Bābā
ʿAbdallāh” and “Sīdī Nuʿmān”(May 10), “The Ebony Horse” (May 13), “Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū” (May 22), “The Two Sisters Who Envied Their Cadette” (May 25), “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves” (May 27), “Khawājah Ḥasan al-Ḥabbāl” (May 29), and “ʿAlī Khawājah and the Merchant of Baghdad” (May 30). 36
This was very likely François de Camps, abbot of Signy (Galland, Le journal d’Antoine Galland, 1:483n938).
37
This individual is identified by Antoine Galland in his De l’origine et du progrès du café, 51–52, as one Étienne of Aleppo, who opened a café in the Rue Saint André des Arts facing the Pont Saint-Michel, close to Lucas’s apartment in Paris. In his account of a fair at which Étienne sold his wares, Diyāb presumably conflates the story of Pascal, which he had also heard in Paris, with that of his neighbor and Aleppan friend in Paris.
38
Here, Lucas expresses the view that the Christian communities of the Ottoman Empire were oppressed by their Muslim rulers, a feeling that Diyāb admits to sharing later in the journey.
28١
281
Notes 39
An expensive woolen broadcloth.
40
Diyāb is referring here to an Ottoman minister, perhaps the grand vizier himself.
41
For other possible readings of the ship’s name, see Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 359n1.
42
The Comte de Ferriol served as ambassador in Istanbul from 1699 to 1711. His refusal to present his rapier is recorded by other historical sources, which call it l’affaire de l’épée (D’Alep à Paris, 362n1; Bóka and Vargyas, ‘Le marquis Charles de Ferriol ambassadeur de France à Constantinople (1699–1703),’ 93ff.). Since the incident took place in January 1700, it is unlikely that Diyāb met the messenger in 1709.
43
Ambassadors were received by the sultan just inside the Gate of Felicity (Bab-üs Saadet) of Topkapı Palace, which opened onto the Third Courtyard of the palace, the sultan’s private domain.
44
At the time of Diyāb’s travels, Sicily was in fact under the rule of Savoy. The Austrians were given the island in 1720 in exchange for Sardinia.
45
It appears that Diyāb neglected to mention a third ship that had left Marseille at the same time as his and the other vessel.
46
Gelibolu (Gallipoli) is not at the entrance of the Dardanelles Strait but at the end. Diyāb appears to have misremembered its location.
47
All Ottoman place names are given here in their modern Turkish form.
48
Diyāb has mixed up these stages of the journey, as Küçükçekmece would have come after Büyükçekmece, not before (Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 369n2).
49
This mosque, known today as Yeni Cami (New Mosque), was completed in 1665, and so would have been relatively new at the time of Diyāb’s visit.
50
The toast to the ambassador’s health was deciphered by Fahmé-Thiéry et al. (D’Alep à Paris, 381n1).
51
Calendering is a process used to thin, coat, or smooth a material such as paper or fabric, in order to produce different sorts of finishes. Calendering machines achieved their effects by passing material through sets of pressurized rollers.
52
This is the Gulf of Izmit, an arm of the Sea of Marmara.
53
Fahmé-Thiéry et al. (D’Alep à Paris, 402) suggest this is saffron.
54
Bezoars are undigested masses produced in an animal’s gastrointestinal system. They were once thought to have medicinal properties, for example as an antidote against various poisons.
55
These are the Cilician Gates.
56
As Diyāb is pretending to be a Frankish doctor, his argument is that he is not a subject of the Ottoman Empire and therefore should not have to pay the toll that Ottoman Christians pay.
282
282
Notes 57
Here again it would seem that Diyāb has mixed up the stages of his journey, as he would have arrived at this bridge after passing Adana (see Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 422n3).
58
Diyāb has probably mixed up the stages of his journey again, as this town comes before the Cilician Gates (Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 425n2).
59
Diyāb is referring here to the ancient Roman bridge spanning the Seyhan River in Adana, known today by the name Taşköprü.
60
The manuscript here reads: “We pressed on to Payas . . .” However, a symbol before the word “Payas” indicates the insertion of a marginal note. The note is partly illegible, which accounts for the lacunae in the translation.
61
This marks the end of the marginal note.
62
Jinn (genies, demons) were thought to inhabit desolate and treacherous territories.
63
Christians living under Muslim rule frequently required “safe-conduct” documents.
64
Paul Lucas appears to have struggled with the sounds kh and q in Arabic: Diyāb hears his attempt to pronounce Khannāqiyyah as “Kanakia,” which he does not recognize. Lucas himself describes his visit to the grottos and refers to this location as “Connaquie,” (Troisième Voyage, 101).
65
Galland, “M. Diyab quelques contes Arabes fort beaux,” in Le journal d’Antoine Galland, 1:290.
66
Mia Gerhardt’s term in The Art of Story-Telling: A Literary Study of the Thousand and One Nights, 14.
67
Galland sought out other sources and manuscripts even before he had finished the tales in his manuscript of the Thousand and One Nights.
68
“Aladdin,” “The Caliph’s Night Adventure,” “The Blind Man Bābā ʿAbdallāh,” “Sīdī Nuʿmān,” “The Ebony Horse,” “Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū,” “The Two Sisters Who Envied Their Cadette,” “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves,” “Khawājah Ḥasan al-Ḥabbāl,” and “ʿAlī Khawājah and the Merchant of Baghdad.”
69
For Jean-Paul Sermain, Galland’s revision and elaboration of the added tales served to alter European interpretations of the entire corpus of the Nights. Through these added stories, Sermain argues, Galland taught the reader how to read the Nights as a whole. Sermain, “Notice,” in Galland, Les mille et une nuits, i–xiv.
70
Mohamed Abdel-Halim (Antoine Galland: Sa vie et son oeuvre, 283) argues that Diyāb contributed “primitive” elements acculturated through their expression in Galland’s hand.
71
See May, Les “Mille et une nuits” d’Antoine Galland, ou, Le chef-d’oeuvre invisible; Schwab, L’auteur des “Mille et une nuits”: Vie d’Antoine Galland; and above all, Larzul, “Les Mille et une nuits de Galland,” Les traductions françaises des “Mille et une nuits,” and “Further Considerations on Galland’s Mille et une Nuits: A Study of the Tales Told by Hannâ.”
283
283
Notes 72
“If Galland pieced and patched together from other stories,” Marina Warner ventures, “he was only doing what storytellers have always done, before and since” (Stranger Magic: Charmed States and the Arabian Nights, 77).
73
Sermain, “Présentation,” in Galland, Les mille et une nuits, 1:xvii–xxxii.
74
A view also expressed in Warner, Stranger Magic.
75
See introduction to The Book of Travels, p. xxiii.
76
See Stephan on the possible influence of Nizami’s retelling of Majnūn Laylā, vol. 2, note 225 to the main text, on Boccaccio in note 168; and Heyberger on Boccaccio in the introduction to Dyâb, D’Alep à Paris.
77
Horta, Marvellous Thieves: Secret Authors of the Arabian Nights.
78
As first noted in Chraïbi, “Galland’s ‘Ali Baba’ and Other Arabic Versions.”
79
In the first prince’s journey, for instance, Galland inserts a description of Indian temples from the work of a Persian historian he has translated, and in the journey of the third prince he inserts a short description of the Sodge Valley taken from the Bibliothèque orientale d’Herbelot. Abdel-Halim, Antoine Galland, 235, 280–82. Larzul, “Further Considerations,” 261.
80
Ulrich Marzolph, “The Man Who Made the Nights Immortal.” See Marzolph’s discussion of Diyāb’s contribution to international folk narrative in 101 Middle Eastern Tales and Their Impact on Western Oral Tradition.
81
See Stephan, Introduction, p. xxvi ff; Fahmé-Thiéry, “Ecriture et conscience de soi.”
82
Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, ed. Reynolds, 72ff.
83
Fahmé-Thiéry, “Ecriture et conscience de soi.”
84
Such moments of introspection and sadness are not unprecedented in the premodern Arabic travelogue, as Michael Cooperson has reminded me—one need only think of Ibn Battuta’s arrival in Tunis, when he despairs that he alone knows no one there to greet him. Gibb, The Travels of Ibn Battuta in Asia and Africa, AD 1325–1354, 1:12.
85
Fahmé-Thiéry, “Ecriture et conscience de soi.”
86
Henri Duranton, editor of modern scholarly editions of all three of Lucas’s published travelogues, provides the most precise portrait of Lucas in his introduction to the first volume. He cautions against the bias of accounts by some of the traveler’s more erudite but less popular contemporary and near-contemporary authors. A good primer on some primary sources on Lucas is provided in Omont, Missions archéologiques françaises en Orient aux XVIIè et XVIIIè siècles. Omont corrected the misperception that Lucas was a purported archaeologist or scholar. Note that Omont only reproduces a small fragment of the sources on Lucas in French archives.
87
Comte de Pontchartrain (Louis Phélypeaux) to Marquis de Ferriol, French ambassador to Constantinople, letter dated April 1, 1704, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, ms.
284
284
Notes franc. new acq. 801, fol. 3–6, reproduced in Omont, Missions archéologiques, 330. These instructions were likely written up for the minister by the court numismatist Jean-Foy Vaillant, since in the draft manuscript they refer in the first person to Vaillant’s own experience of collecting ancient coins in Italy in the guise of a doctor in the 1670s. 88
Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas dans le Levant: Juin 1699–juillet 1703, ed. Duranton, 64.
89
Undated memorandum to Lucas from Mr. Juillien, professor of botany at the Royal Garden, Correspondance et papiers de Paul Lucas, voyageur et antiquaire français, Richelieu Collection, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Monnaies et Médailles, carton 1, dossier 27. (Not reproduced in Omont.) Among other natural marvels, the memorandum details medicines to be sought, notably opium. Lucas is admonished to “examine above all the familiar remedies which they use to recover from illnesses; what ingredients they employ and with what preparations,” and to remark “on the effects produced by the drugs they take, and the drinks they use, whether by necessity or for amusement.” My translation.
90
When, in the voyage related in his first travelogue, Lucas’s dragoman cautions him that he will be asked to produce remedies if he is introduced as a doctor, Lucas reassures him that he has some. Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas dans le Levant: Juin 1699–juillet 1703, 64.
91
Here I follow Fahmé-Thiéry, “Ecriture et conscience de soi.”
92
Sermain, in Galland, Les mille et une nuits, 1:xxix–xxx. The suggestion that Cassim is too dazzled to recall the password is already in Diyāb’s performance of the tale as recorded by Galland in his diary: “he no longer remembers the words, so much was he occupied by what he had just seen.” Marzolph and Duggan, “Ḥannā Diyāb’s Tales, Part II,” 442.
93
Recall that after the disappearance of his palace the crowds do not want to see him summarily executed.
94
Horta, Marvellous Thieves, 43–44.
95
Dobie, “Translation in the Contact Zone: Antoine Galland’s Mille et une nuits: Contes arabes,” 35.
96
In the translation by Marzolph and Duggan, “Ḥannā Diyāb’s Tales, Part II,” 445.
97
Fahmé-Thiéry, “Ecriture et conscience de soi.”
98
Galland, Voyage à Constantinople (1672–1673).
99
“You will not find any of these adventures that engage the attention of readers,” Galland wrote of his Constantinople journal to a correspondent. “I was no doubt not born for these unusual things, and my personality inclines me even less to fictions.” Quoted in Horta, Marvellous Thieves, 32.
100 Madsen, “‘Auf, Auf, ihr Christen’: Representing the Clash of Empires, Vienna 1683,” 83–84. 101 Dobie, “Translation in the Contact Zone,” 32.
285
285
Notes 102 In their edition of Le journal d’Antoine Galland, Bauden and Waller detail the lectures on Homer and other classical authors Galland would attend, and sometimes reference, in their notes to his diary. 103 For more on the topic of Diyāb’s manuscript of “Aladdin,” see the forthcoming book by Ibrahim Akel, who has recently verified the authenticity of such a manuscript. Akel writes that at this point it is too early to confirm the same with regard to “ʿAlī Bābā.” (Personal communication, email dated May 5, 2020). One should recall further the ambiguity of Galland’s diary entry ( January 10, 1711) that affirms he finished his tenth volume rendering an Arabic text given to him by Diyāb—this could refer to “Aladdin,” which ends in that volume, or possibly to “The Caliph’s Night Adventure.” 104 Le journal d’Antoine Galland, ed. Bauden and Waller. 105 Available in Henri Duranton’s modern editions from l’Université de Saint-Étienne: Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas dans le Levant: Juin 1699–juillet 1703 (1998), Deuxième Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas dans le Levant: Octobre 1704–septembre 1708 (2002), and Troisième Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas dans le Levant: Mai 1714– novembre 1717 (2004). Duranton cautions against accepting the dismissal of Lucas by more erudite contemporaries jealous of his commissions and the success of his travelogues, which ran to several editions and were translated into German. 106 Lucas was not on this journey strictly in charge of his own itinerary; Pontchartrain’s instructions advised him where to go, and even the order of the stops to be made. Lucas’s first travelogue made evident his love of Persia, yet on this journey it was to be avoided because it would not yield Greco-Roman antiquities. 107 The above quote is in my translation. The three travelogues were edited for length by members of the French Academy, who also inserted references to Greek and Latin classics. What was picaresque, marvelous, and fanciful in the texts—including the portraits of the never-visited holy cities of Islam—originated with Lucas, as can be corroborated with reference to a partial manuscript that survives, Voyages de Paul Lucas, MS 3820, Bibliothèque nationale de France. Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal (consulted March 2019). 108 In addition to the consular network his commissions urged him to rely on. Lucas’s interest in the historical and material culture of Marian devotion exceeds the terms of the many court commissions he traveled with. In his first travelogue, he recounts gifting a chalice to the chapel of the Virgin in Old Cairo. 109 Lucas shared with Galland as one of his most prized personal possessions brought back from the Levant—in his journey with Diyāb—a sculpture of the Virgin, as Galland recorded in his diary shortly after first meeting Diyāb at Lucas’s apartment (Monday March 18, 1709): “a portrait of the Virgin in sculpture of around six inches in height and five in width in which the face, the throat, and the hand are of chrysolite, and the
286
286
Notes coat that serves her as a veil is of jasper. The material clothing is of amethysts and the background of a dark oriental agate, all exquisitely worked.” My translation. Le journal d’Antoine Galland, ed. Bauden and Waller, 287. 110 Horta, Marvellous Thieves, 70–71. 111
In relation to their first excursion, where Lucas and Diyāb retrieve from an underground vault two skulls, a ring, and a lamp. Heyberger, introduction to Diyāb, D’Alep à Paris, 29.
112 See “The Storyteller and the Sultan of France,” in Horta, Marvellous Thieves, 44–54, and “Tales of Aladdin and Their Tellers, from Aleppo to Paris.” 113
Larzul sees as new to and characteristic of Galland’s prose in the added tales the use of superlatives for the “creation of his marvelous environment,” citing the example of “Aladdin” (“Further Considerations,” 267). But she did not know Diyāb’s Book of Travels. Invited into a princess’s private residence, Diyāb sees “the wives of the princes, as radiant as moons, wearing dresses that glittered so luminously from all of the jewels set into them. The sight was just indescribable.” Aladdin observes of the jewels in the vault, in Yasmine Seale’s translation: “their size was unimaginable and their beauty without description” (Aladdin: A New Translation, 18).
114 Horta, Marvellous Thieves, 47. Larzul (“Further Considerations,” 268), in contrast, assumes only Galland could have specified the jewels in this portrait of Perī Bānū. 115
Johannes Stephan notes the parallel: see Chapter 1 of his dissertation, “Spuren fiktionaler Vergegenwärtigung im osmanischen Aleppo,” 31–33.
116 As I suggested at the concluding session of the second international workshop on Ḥannā Diyāb, “New Perspectives on the ‘Orphan Stories’ in the One Thousand and One Nights,” convened by Christina Vogel and Johannes Thomann at the University of Zurich, February 28–29, 2020.
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287
Glossary of Names and Terms
Names and terms appear as they do in the translation. abū kalb name given to the Dutch lion dollar, a coin that circulated in the Ottoman Empire. Adana a large city in southeastern Anatolia, home to some thirty-five thousand people in the late seventeenth century. Afyonkarahisar
a city in central-west Anatolia, named for a nearby citadel
(Turk. kara hisar, “dark fortress”) and for its cultivation of opium (Turk. afyon). “chief ” or “master,” a title given to Ottoman government officials, mostly
agha
those associated with the military. alājah a luxury fabric made of a mixture of silk and cotton. a city in northern Syria, home to a large community of European mer-
Aleppo
chants during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. a major port city on Egypt’s Mediterranean coast and home to a
Alexandria
large European trading community in Diyāb’s time. Antep
modern-day Gaziantep, an important town in southeastern Anatolia.
Antioch a city in what is now Turkey, about fifty-five miles west of Aleppo. Arabic Library
the collection of Arabic manuscripts in the French Royal
Library (the Bibliothèque du Roi). Asyūṭ an Egyptian town that was a center for cotton and linen weaving. Linen from Asyūṭ was exported to Europe. Bālistān souk
likely a reference to the oldest section of the Grand Bazaar,
known as the Bedesten, built by the Ottoman emperor Mehmed II in 1455. Barbary a common Western European name for Northwest Africa, designating Morocco and some western Ottoman provinces, including Tripoli and Tunis (see Maghreb). barjādāt
a type of clothing or fabric.
Bey of Tripoli
Khalīl Pasha, ruler of the Ottoman province of Tripolitania from
1702 to 1709; deposed and executed by Qaramānlī Aḥmad Bey in 1711.
288
288
Glossary of Names and Terms
Bey of Tunis al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (r. 1705–35), the bey of Tunis and the founder of the Husaynid Dynasty. bey
a Turkish title bestowed on dignitaries of the Ottoman Empire, especially rulers of provinces. a quarter in Istanbul, on the European side, north of the Golden Horn;
Beyoğlu
during the period of Diyāb’s visit mostly inhabited by Christians and foreign diplomats. a village in the province of Tripoli adjoining the Qadisha valley, in
Bsharrī
present-day northern Lebanon. Būlāq Ottoman Cairo’s principal port on the Nile. Cairo the largest city in the Arabic-speaking lands of the Ottoman Empire, today the capital of Egypt. Callimeri, Antonio
a Cypriot interpreter, protégé of France, and graduate from
the Greek college in Rome. calpac
(Ottoman Turkish) a form of headgear covered in sheepskin or fur, in
Diyāb’s time worn mostly by non-Muslims and Europeans. çelebi
an honorary Ottoman Turkish title given to persons of high status or good education.
cheramide chevalier
a brick-colored precious stone. knight; a French title of nobility conferred during the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries upon members of influential families such as the Khāzin clan of Kisrawān (Lebanon). Christofalo
see Zamāriyā.
Cilician Gates
a pass through the Taurus Mountains, which has been used
for millennia to travel between the lowlands of Cilicia and the Anatolian plateau. Damietta
a port city at the eastern end of the Nile Delta, about one hundred
miles from Cairo. Along with Rosetta, it is one of the two principal Nile ports on the Mediterranean Sea. de Camps, François
(1643–1723) French historian, theologian, antiquarian,
numismatist, and abbot of Signy. diligence a large, public, long-distance stagecoach that could carry up to sixteen people. They were common in France and England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. dirham an Ottoman silver coin and a unit of weight, equivalent to one-tenth of an ounce during the seventeenth century.
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289
Glossary of Names and Terms
dīwānkhāna
an audience hall, sitting room, or guest quarters. In Diyāb’s use,
mostly an outdoor seating area meant for social gatherings and recreation. Djerba an island off the coast of Tunisia, captured by the Ottomans from the Spaniards in 1560. The island’s main town is Houmt Souk, which was called Djerba in Diyāb’s time ecu a French silver coin. effendi Ottoman title of respect for a member of the civil administration. Fagon, Guy-Crescent
(1638–1718) botanist, physician to Louis XIV, and director
of the Royal Gardens at Versailles. Farḥāt, Jirmānūs (1670–1732) Aleppan Maronite cleric, poet, grammarian, lexicographer, and traveler active in spreading knowledge of Arabic among Christians; he was made bishop of Aleppo in 1725. Fayoum
an Egyptian town located southwest of Cairo in the Fayoum Oasis and
linked to the Nile by a canal. fils
a coin whose value varied between eight and eighteen for one pāra; known in Ottoman Egypt as a jadīd.
Frank (Ar. franjī, pl. franj) a European (distinct from fransāwī, pl. fransāwiyyah, “French”). Frankish (Ar. franjī) the Mediterranean lingua franca, a hybrid idiom used among seamen, traders, and other travelers. When used as an adjective, equivalent to “European” (e.g., “Frankish lands”). Galata
a quarter of Istanbul on the northern shore of the Golden Horn, south
of Beyoğlu; today called Karaköy. Galland, Antoine
(1646–1717) a French Orientalist and scholar of classical lan-
guages, an expert in numismatics, and a traveler to the Ottoman lands. He contributed to the encyclopedia Bibliothèque orientale d’Herbelot and was the first translator of the Arabian Nights into a European language. Gate of the Janissaries and the al-ʿAzab Gate two of the three main gates to the Cairo Citadel, one of the city’s main monuments, dating to the Ayyūbid period. ghuzzī an Ottoman functionary of Egypt; the term derives from ghuz, “the Oguz,” the Turks claimed as ancestors by the Ottomans. Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire the chief minister of the empire and the second most powerful figure in the political hierarchy. Greek (Ar. rūmī, pl. rūm)
a speaker of Greek, usually of Greek Orthodox (krīkī)
denomination; sometimes also a Latin Christian; distinct from yūnānī, “Ancient Greek.”
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290
Glossary of Names and Terms
an Aleppan Maronite, and a friend of Diyāb’s who
Ibn al-Zughbī, Ḥannā
accompanies him during his Anatolian journey. a region of North Africa with indistinct borders. Diyāb’s usage sug-
Ifrīqiyah
gests that he took it to encompass present-day Tunisia and western Libya. (Turk. ispenç, “a fifth”) a tax paid by non-Muslims for pasturage, e.g., of
isbanj
swine. Iṣṭifān the Damascene
an Armenian who at the end of the seventeenth century
opened one of the first coffeehouses in Paris. see fils.
jadīd
jakhjūr (Turk. chāqshīr) a type of trousers fastened around the waist with a band, and sewed to light leather boots around the ankle hems. janissary an elite Ottoman infantryman. (Turk. charkhī, a five-piaster piece) a coin worth four ʿuthmānīs, or two
jarq
soldi. jūkhadār (Turk. chohadar) originally a lackey, footman, or valet; for Diyāb, an attendant, bureaucrat, or high-ranking embassy official. Kaftīn
a village in northern Syria, close to Aleppo and to several ruined Byz-
antine cities. Karanlık Kapı (Gate of Darkness) a pass in the Nur Mountains of southeastern Anatolia (the Amanus range in Ancient Greek), along the Cilician highway to Syria. kazan kebabı khan
a type of meat dish, cooked in a large pot.
a caravansary, i.e., a roadside staging post with lodging for travelers and their mounts; also, a warehouse and hostel, often built in the outskirts of cities; for Diyāb, also a market or marketplace, and, in one case, a dormitory for prisoners. a marketplace in Aleppo, found in the Sūq al-Qaṣābiyyah.
Khan Abrak Khan al-ʿAsal
a town on the western outskirts of Aleppo.
Khan al-ʿUlabiyyah a monumental sixteenth-century caravansary near Bizzeh Square in southern Aleppo. khāṣṣāt (sing. khāṣṣah) khawājah
a type of fine, tightly woven cotton.
an informal honorary title given to foreign or Christian merchants
during the Ottoman period; Diyāb’s first designation for Paul Lucas, later replaced by muʿallimī (“[my] master,” “boss,”). Khāzin family
a Maronite landowning family of Mount Lebanon whose mem-
bers wielded considerable economic and political power between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Beginning in the seventeenth century,
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291
Glossary of Names and Terms
they gained political privileges through close economic collaboration with French authorities, for which some members were awarded the title of chevalier. Kız Kulesi (Maiden’s Tower)
a small tower that stands on an island in the Bos-
phorus, near the coast of Üsküdar. The tower dates to the twelfth century. a city in central Anatolia.
Konya
Larnaca (Ar. Milāḥah) a coastal city in southeastern Cyprus. a family of diplomats originally from Joinville in the province of
Lemaire
Champagne; one member, Claude, was French consul in Tripoli and later in Aleppo. Livorno
(Ar. Līkūrnā, from Genoese Ligorna) a coastal town in the Italian
province of Tuscany and a commercial center in the early modern period. londrin
a type of lightweight, fulled woolen cloth, made in France and Eng-
land and exported to the Levant. Lucas, Paul (1646–1734) traveler, adventurer, and antiquarian in the service of Louis XIV; the son of a Rouen goldsmith and the author of three travelogues covering the period between 1699 and 1717; known during the European Enlightenment for his fanciful reports of distant places. Madame d’Orléans
(1677–1749) Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest
daughter of Louis XIV with his mistress the Marquise de Montespan; wife of Philippe II, the Duke of Orléans and Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. Madame de Bourgogne
(1685–1712) Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, wife of Louis
XIV’s grandson, Louis le Petit Dauphin, Duke of Burgundy, and mother of Louis XV. Madame de Maintenon
(1635–1719) Françoise d’Aubigné, second wife of Louis
XIV. Maghreb the “West,” i.e., the western territories of North Africa, including present-day Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia. miṣriyyah
a coin of Egyptian origin normally worth one-fortieth of a piaster,
or half a piece of silver. Messina
a city on the northeastern tip of Sicily, just across the narrow strait
separating the island from the south of Italy. mīrī
a tax on land owned by the Ottoman sovereign.
Misis a town in southeastern Anatolia, about seventeen miles east of Adana. Also called Mopsuestia.
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Glossary of Names and Terms
mithqāl
a measurement of weight equivalent to one and a half dirhams; in
Diyāb’s time, around four and a half grams. Monseigneur the Dauphin (1661–1711) Louis le Grand Dauphin, son of Louis XIV and heir to the French throne, father of Philip V of Spain, and grandfather of Louis XV of France. the region now referred to as the Peloponnese.
Morea
a district in central Cairo, in the seventeenth and eighteenth
Mouski quarter
centuries home to many European consuls and merchants (and thus also called the Frankish quarter), as well as several Jewish families. mujaddarah
an ancient Near Eastern dish composed of lentils, rice or bulgur,
spices, and onions. It remains a staple of many local cuisines, especially in the Levant. L’Opéra
the Paris Opera (known at this time as the Académie Royale de
Musique) was housed in the Théâtre du Palais-Royal on the rue SaintHonoré from 1673 to 1763. a silver Ottoman coin first issued in the early eighteenth century.
pāra
Paulo Çelebi
see Zamāriyā.
Peloponnese
see Morea.
piaster
see qirsh.
Pontchartrain
Jérôme Phélypeaux (1674–1747), a French politician who served
as secretary of state for the Maison du Roi and for the navy under Louis XIV. Province of the Islands a province comprising all the major islands of the Ottoman Mediterranean, with the exception of Crete; also known as the Eyalet of the Archipelago. qabiji
(Turk. qapuči) originally a gatekeeper or porter, then a palace guard or chamberlain, later a senior palace official or eunuch who guarded the sultan’s harem; for Diyāb, also a French royal border guard, or a cavalry commander.
qinṭār a measurement of weight equivalent to one hundred raṭls, variable according to time and place; in seventeenth- through nineteenth-century Aleppo, probably between 487 and 564 pounds. qirsh (piaster) a heavy silver coin worth forty pāras. raṭl
a measurement of weight whose value varied according to time and place; in seventeenth- through nineteenth-century Aleppo, probably between 4.87 and 5.64 pounds.
rayyis
chief, captain, boss, superior.
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Glossary of Names and Terms
Rémuzat (or Rémusat) a famous merchant family of Marseille with long-lasting ties to cities in the Ottoman Empire. One member, Auguste Rémuzat, was France’s deputy consul in Aleppo, and apparently also the young Diyāb’s second patron and employer. Rimbaud
a merchant family from Marseille that supplied many deputies
or principal merchants of the French nation in Aleppo during Diyāb’s lifetime. an originally Spanish silver coin (real) of considerable value, widely used
riyāl
in Ottoman lands until 1714, when the Ottomans in Tunis banned its use and began to mint their own. Also called riyāl qurūsh (riyal quruş). Rosetta a port city at the western end of the Nile Delta, about one hundred miles from Cairo. Along with Damietta, it is one of the two principal Nile ports on the Mediterranean Sea. Rūm, Rūmī see Greek. Saint Elishaʿ a monastery on the hillside below the village of Bsharrī, and the main residence of the Maronite Lebanese order during the time of Diyāb’s stay. Saint Geneviève
the patron saint of Paris, according to the Roman Catholic and
Eastern Orthodox rites. Samatan
a French merchant originally from Marseille, prominent in Aleppo
between 1698 and 1708. sanjaq an administrative subdivision of an Ottoman province (Turk. eyalet or beylic), administered by a sanjaq bey. Sauron a prominent French merchant in Aleppo during the first two decades of the eighteenth century. Sfax a commercial city on the coast of what is now Tunisia. shāhbandar an Ottoman term meaning “harbormaster” (literally “king of the port”); in Diyāb’s use the main representative of a group of merchants or the manager of a trading port. shāhiyyāt (Ar., sing. shāhī) An Ottoman silver coin. shāsh a long strip of cloth used to wind a turban. (It., sing. soldo) An Italian silver coin worth half a jarq or two ʿuthmānīs.
soldi Sousse
a coastal town in what is now Tunisia.
Sultan Aḥmad (1673–1736) the twenty-third Ottoman sultan, known as Aḥmad III. thulth
in Diyāb’s use, a coin worth a third of a piaster; also a third of a dinar, or a third of a pāra.
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Glossary of Names and Terms
Tripoli a city in northern Lebanon, situated on the Mediterranean coast. Tripoli (of the West)
the capital of present-day Libya, situated on the Mediter-
ranean coast. the capital of present-day Tunisia, situated on the Mediterranean coast.
Tunis
a measurement of weight whose value varied according to time and
ūqiyyah
place. In Diyāb’s Aleppo, it was equivalent to one-twelfth of a raṭl or onesixth of an uqqah (around seven and a half ounces; see Barthélémy, 905). uqqah a measurement of weight whose value varied according to time and place; in Diyāb’s Aleppo, it was equivalent to four hundred dirhams, half a raṭl, or six ūqiyyah (about 2.8 pounds). an ancient city on the Asian side of the Bosphorus, today a district of
Üsküdar
Istanbul.
ʿuthmānī another word for akče, a silver coin worth a third or a quarter pāra. Yūsuf Çelebi zolota
see Zamāriyā.
a coin worth thirty pāras, or three-quarters of a piaster (qirsh). The
name comes from the Polish złoty, a currency exported to Ottoman lands during the seventeenth century. Zamāriyā
a French family residing in Aleppo, some of whose members held
important diplomatic posts. The head was Pierre Maunier. Diyāb met Maunier’s son Christofalo (Christophe) in Paris, where he served as the steward of Cardinal de Noailles. Diyāb knew Christophe’s brothers, Paulo Çelebi (Paul) and Yūsuf Çelebi ( Joseph), in Aleppo. The oldest brother, known as Zamāriyā, served as syndic of the Holy Land in Istanbul. Zūq Mīkāyīl / Zouq Mkayel
a village in Kisrawān, between Jounieh and Beirut
in what is now Lebanon, in Diyāb’s time administered by the Khāzin family and inhabited, perhaps exclusively, by Maronites. Zuqāq al-Khall (Vinegar Alley) a predominantly Christian quarter on the northern edge of Aleppo. In Diyāb’s time, it served as a point of entry to the Christian suburbs.
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Bibliography
Manuscripts Bibliothèque nationale de France Voyages de Paul Lucas, MS 3820. Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal. “Comte de Pontchartrain (Louis Phélypeaux) to Marquis de Ferriol, French Ambassador to Constantinople,” MS franc. Nouv. acq. 801.
Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek Arab. 1548: Riḥlat Saʿīd Bāshā Arab. 1549: Riḥlat al-Ab Arsāniyūs Shukrī Arab. 1550: Riḥlat al-shammās Ḥannā al-Ṭabīb
Syrian Catholic Archdiocese of Aleppo Ar 7/25: Kitāb Mufīd fī ʿilm al-niyyah
Université Saint Joseph (USJ), Bibliothèque Orientale BO 29: Kitāb Siyāḥat al-ḫūrī Ilyās al-Mawṣilī BO 594–597: Kitāb Akhbār al-qiddīsīn BO 645: al-Durr al-nafīs fī sīrat al-qiddīs Fransīs
Vatican Apostolic Library Sbath 108: Kitāb Siyāḥat al-ḫūrī Ilyās al-Mawṣilī and Riḥlat Saʿīd Bāshā Sbath 254: [Kitāb Siyāḥat Ḥannā Diyāb]
Works Cited Abdel-Halim, Mohamed. Antoine Galland: Sa vie et son oeuvre. Thèse en lettres, Paris: A. G. Nizet, 1964. Addobbati, Andrea. “Hanna Dyab, il mercante di storie.” Quaderni Storico 3 (2016): 830–42. Al-Asadī, Khayr al-Dīn. Mawsūʿat Ḥalab al-muqāranah. Ḥalab: Jāmi ʿat Ḥalab, 1981–88.
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Bibliography Barthélemy, Adrien. Dictionnaire arabe-français: Dialectes de Syrie: Alep, Damas, Liban, Jérusalem. Paris: Geuthner, 1935. Bauden, Frédéric and Richard Waller, eds. Le journal d’Antoine Galland (1646–1715): La Période Parisienne. Vol. I. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2011. Blau, Joshua. On Pseudo-Corrections in Some Semitic Languages. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1970. Boase, Thomas S. R. “Ecclesiastical Art.” In A History of the Crusades, edited by Kenneth M. Setton, 165–95. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1977. Bóka, Éva, and Katalin Vargyas. “Le marquis Charles de Ferriol ambassadeur de France à Constantinople (1699–1703).” Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 31, nos. 1–2 (1985): 87–112. Bolte, Johannes. “Die Sage von der erweckten Scheintoten.” Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde 20 (1910): 353–81. Bottigheimer, Ruth B. “East Meets West: Hannā Diyāb and The Thousand and One Nights.” Marvels and Tales 28, no. 2 (2014): 302–24. Brednich, Rolf Wilhelm. “Frau: Die tote F. kehrt zurück.” In Enzyklopädie des Märchens: Handwörterbuch zur historischen und vergleichenden Erzählforschung, Vol. 5, edited by Rolf Wilhelm Brednich and Hermann Bausinger, 199–203. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1987. Chraïbi, Aboubakr. “Galland’s ‘Ali Baba’ and Other Arabic Versions.” Marvels and Tales 18, no. 2 (2004): 159–69. Commission des Antiquités. “Note sur Paul Lucas.” Bulletin de la Commission des Antiquités de la Seine-Inférieure 10, no. 3 (1897): 338–40. Davidson, Linda Kay, and David M. Gitlitz. Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland; An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 2002. Dew, Nicholas. Orientalism in Louis XIV’s France. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. Diyāb, Ḥannā [Hanna Dyâb]. D’Alep à Paris: Les pérégrinations d’un jeune syrien au temps de Louis XIV; Récit traduit de l’arabe (Syrie) et annoté par Paule Fahmé-Thiéry, Bernard Heyberger et Jérôme Lentin. Paris: Actes Sud, 2015. . The Man Who Wrote Aladin. Translated by Paul Lunde. Edinburgh: Harding Simpole, 2020. . Von Aleppo nach Paris: Die Reise eines jungen Syrers bis an den Hof Ludwigs XIV. Translated by Gennaro Ghirardelli. Berlin: Die Andere Bibliothek, 2016. Dobie, Madeleine. “Translation in the Contact Zone: Antoine Galland’s Mille et une nuits: Contes arabes.” In The Arabian Nights in Historical Context: Between East and West, edited by Saree Makdisi and Felicity Nussbaum, 25–49. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Bibliography Dozy, Reinhart P. A. Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1968. Duranton, Henri. “Paul Lucas.” In Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History. Vol. 13 (1700–1800), edited by David Thomas and John Chesworth, 548–55. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2019. Fahd, Buṭrus. Tārīkh al-rahbāniyyah al-lubnānīyah bi-farʿayhā l-ḥalabī wa-l-lubnānī, 1743–1770. Vol. 4. Jūniyah, Lebanon: Maṭbaʿat Kuraym, 1966. EI2 = Bearman, P., Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs, eds. Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd ed. 13 vols. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1960–2009. EI3 = Gaborieau, Marc, Roger Allen, Gudrun Krämer, Kate Fleet, Denis Matringe, John Abdallah Nawas, and Everett K. Rowson, eds. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007–. Fahmé-Thiéry, Paule. “L’arabe dialectal aleppin dans le récit de voyage de Hanna Dyâb.” In Arabic Varieties: Far and Wide; Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of AIDA— Bucharest, 2015, edited by George Grigore and Gabriel Bițună, 223–30. Bucharest: Editura Universității din București, 2016. . “Ecriture et conscience de soi: Récits de voyage et accès à la modernité chez Bûlus ez Zaïm et Hanna Dyâb.” Presented at the Kiev colloquium “Sous l’oeil de l’Orient: L’Europe dans les sources arabes,” September 22–23, 2015. Farḥāt, Jirmānūs. “Tārīkh taʾsīs al-rahbāniyyah al-Lubnāniyyah.” In Bidāyāt al-rahbāniyyah al-Lubnāniyyah, edited by Jūzīf Qazzī, 111–78. Gagliardi, Isabella. “‘Ave maris Stella’: Il santuario mariano di Montenero presso Livorno.” In Dio, il mare e gli uomini, edited by Luciano Fanin, E. Ferrarini, and A. Galdi, 185–213. Verona: Cierre edizioni, 2008. Galland, Antoine. De l’origine et du progrès du café. Paris: Poisson/Lance, 1836. . Les mille et une nuits: Contes arabes. 3 vols. Edited by Jean-Paul Sermain. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2004. . Le journal d’Antoine Galland (1646–1715). Edited by F. Bauden and R. Waller. Leeuven, Belgium: Peeters, 2011–15. . Voyage à Constantinople (1672–1673). Edited by Charles Schefer. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2002. Gemayel, Nasser. Les échanges culturels entre les Maronites et l’Europe: Du collège Maronite de Rome (1584) au collège de ʿAyn-Warqa (1789). Beirut: L’imprimerie V. & Ph. Gemayel, 1984. Gerhardt, Mia. The Art of Story-Telling: A Literary Study of the Thousand and One Nights. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1963. Ghobrial, John-Paul A. “Stories Never Told: The First Arabic History of the New World.” The Journal of Ottoman Studies 40 (2012): 259–82.
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Bibliography Qazzī, Jūzīf, ed. Bidāyāt al-rahbāniyyah al-Lubnāniyyah. Kaslik, Lebanon: Markaz al-Nashr wa-l-Tawzī ʿ, 1988. Raymond, André. “An Expanding Community: The Christians of Aleppo in the Ottoman Era (Sixteenth–Eighteenth Centuries).” In Arab Cities in the Ottoman Period, edited by André Raymond, 83–100. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2002. Redhouse, James W. A. Turkish and English Lexicon. Istanbul: A. H. Boyajian, 1890. Reynolds, Dwight, ed. Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. Russell, Alexander. The Natural History of Aleppo. Vol 1. Revised by Patrick Russell. London: G. G. and J. Robinson, 1794. Sadan, Joseph. “Background, Date and Meaning of the Story of the Alexandrian Lover and the Magic Lamp: A Little-Known Story from Ottoman Times, with a Partial Resemblance to the Story of Aladdin.” Quaderni di Studi Arabi 19 (2001): 137–92. Sbath, Paul. Bibliothèque de manuscrits: Catalogue. Vol. 1. Cairo: H. Friedrich, 1928. . “Les manuscrits orientaux de la bibliothèque du R. P. Paul Sbath (Suite).” Échos d’Orient 23 (1924): 339–58. Schwab, Raymond. L’auteur des “Mille et une nuits”: Vie d’Antoine Galland. Paris: Mercure de France, 2004. Seale, Yasmine, trans. Aladdin: A New Translation. Edited by Paulo Lemos Horta. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing, 2019. Stephan, Johannes. “Von der Bezeugung zur Narrativen Vergegenwärtigung: Fokalisierung im Reisebuch des Syrers Ḥanna Dyāb (1764).” Diegesis 4, no. 2 (2015). . “Spuren fiktionaler Vergegenwärtigung im Osmanischen Aleppo: Narratologische Analysen und Kontextualisierungen des Reisebuchs von Hanna Dyāb (1764).” PhD diss., Universität Bern, 2016. Teissier, Octave, ed. Inventaire des archives historiques de la Chambre de Commerce de Marseille. Marseille: Barlatier-Feissat, 1878. Thompson, Ian. The Sun King’s Garden: Louis XIV, André le Nôtre and the Creation of the Garden of Versailles. New York: Bloomsbury, 2006. Touati, Houari. Islam et voyage au Moyen Âge: Histoire et anthropologie d’une pratique lettrée. Paris: Seuil, 2000. Van Leeuwen, Richard, and Ulrich Marzolph, eds. The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004. Vasari, Giorgio. The Life of the Artists. Translated by Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008. Wahrmund, Adolf. Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1974.
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Bibliography Warner, Marina. Stranger Magic: Charmed States and the Arabian Nights. London: Vintage, 2012. Winter, Stefan. “Shiite Emirs and Ottoman Authorities: The Campaign against the Hamadas of Mt Lebanon, 1693–1694.” In Archivum Ottomanicum, edited by György Hazai, 209–45. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz, 2000. Zotenberg, Hermann. “Notice sur quelques manuscrits des Mille et Une Nuits et la traduction de Galland.” Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et autres bibliothèques 28 (1887): 167–235.
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Further Reading
The literature on Ḥannā Diyāb’s travelogue and its textual environment is still rather scarce. Due to its conspicuous features and history, The Book of Travels will always remain connected to at least four fields of scholarship. The first and most important of these involves studies related to the Arabian Nights and the orphan stories, which are Ḥannā Diyāb’s contribution to world literature. The second involves research on travelers and travelogues during the early modern period. The third involves studies related to historical linguistics of Arabic. Finally, in recent years scholarship has emerged on the mobility and the textual production of Eastern Christians in the early and middle Ottoman periods, which includes Diyāb’s book and similar narrative literature. Autobiographical artifacts such as The Book of Travels have yet to be included in the vast research on the history of the early modern Ottoman world and its entanglement with Western Europe. In the 1990s, The Book of Travels drew attention from the field of linguistics, notably in Jérôme Lentin’s dissertation, “Recherches sur l’histoire de la langue arabe au Proche-Orient à l’époque moderne,” and in other studies of his. In the past seven years, Ruth Bottigheimer and Ulrich Marzolph have published important work regarding Ḥannā Diyāb’s connection to the Arabian Nights. Bernard Heyberger’s introduction to the French translation (2015) and some of his other works, as well as John-Paul Ghobrial’s research on the traces of Middle Eastern Christians around the globe, have helped place Ḥannā Diyāb’s book in the social context of the Christians of the Ottoman Empire and their entangled histories. Selected works from these research areas that are not already mentioned in the bibliography to this volume are listed below.
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Literary and Cultural History of the Levant in the Early Modern Period ʿĀnūtī, Usāma. Al-Ḥarakah al-adabiyyah fī Bilād ash-Shām khilāl al-qarn al-thāmin ʿashar. Beirut: Manshūrāt al-Jāmi ʿa al-Lubnāniyya, 1971. Dakhlia, Jocelyne. Lingua franca. Arles, France: Actes Sud, 2008. Hanna, Nelly. In Praise of Books: A Cultural History of Cairo’s Middle Class, Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2003. Kilpatrick, Hilary. “From Literatur to Adab: The Literary Renaissance in Aleppo around 1700.” Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 58, nos. 3–4 (2006): 195–220. Masters, Bruce. The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516–1918: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Sajdi, Dana. “Decline, Its Discontents and Ottoman Cultural History: By Way of Introduction.” In Ottoman Tulips, Ottoman Coffee: Leisure and Lifestyle in the Eighteenth Century, edited by Dana Sajdi, 1–40. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007. . The Barber of Damascus: Nouveau Literacy in Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Levant. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Van den Boogert, Maurits. Aleppo Observed: Ottoman Syria through the Eyes of Two Scottish Doctors, Alexander and Patrick Russell. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Antoine Galland and the Orphan Stories Akel, Ibrahim, and William Granara, eds. The Thousand and One Nights: Sources and Transformations in Literature, Art, and Science. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2020. Bauden, Frédéric, and Richard Waller, eds. Antoine Galland (1646–1715) et son journal: Actes du colloque international organisé à l'Université de Liège (16–18 février 2015) à l'occasion du tricentenaire de sa mort. Leeuwen, Belgium: Peeters, 2020. Bottigheimer, Ruth B., and Claudia Ott. “The Case of the Ebony Horse: Part 1.” Gramarye 5 (2014): 8–20. Bottigheimer, Ruth B. “The Case of the Ebony Horse: Hannâ Diyâb’s Creation of a Third Tradition; Part 2.” Gramarye 6 (2014): 6–16. . “Reading for Fun in Eighteenth-Century Aleppo: The Hanna Dyâb Tales of Galland’s Mille et une nuits.” Book History 22 (2019): 133–60. Marzolph, Ulrich. “A Scholar in the Making: Antoine Galland’s Early Travel Diaries in the Light of Comparative Folk Narrative Research.” Middle Eastern Literatures 18, no. 3 (2015): 283–300.
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Early Modern Travel Literature Elger, Ralf. “Arabic Travelogues from the Mashrek 1700–1834: A Preliminary Survey of the Genre’s Development.” In Crossing and Passages in Genre and Culture, edited by Christian Szyska and Friederike Pannewick, 27–40. Wiesbaden, Germany: Reichert, 2003. . “Die Reisen eines Reiseberichts: Ibn Baṭṭūṭas Riḥla im Vorderen Orient des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts.” In Buchkultur im Nahen Osten des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, edited by Tobias Heinzelmann and Henning Sievert, 53–98. Bern: Peter Lang, 2010. Göçek, Fatma Müge. East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1987. Heyberger, Bernard and Carsten Walbiner, eds. Les européens vus par les libanais à l’époque ottoman. Würzburg, Germany: Ergon, 2002. Kallas, Elie. “Aventures de Hanna Diyab avec Paul Lucas et Antoine Galland (1707–1710).” Romano-Arabica 15 (2015): 255–67. . The Travel Accounts of Raʿd to Venice (1656) and Its Aleppo Dialect According to the MS. Sbath 89. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2015. Kilpatrick, Hilary. “Between Ibn Baṭṭūṭa and al-Ṭaḥṭāwī: Arabic Travel Accounts of the Early Ottoman Period.” Middle Eastern Literatures 11, no. 2 (2008): 233–248. Muhanna, Elias. “Ilyās al-Mawṣilī.” In Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1350–1850, edited by Joseph E. Lowry and Devin J. Stewart, 295–299. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz, 2009. Salmon, Olivier, ed. Alep dans la littérature de voyage européenne pendant la période ottomane (1516–1918). Aleppo: El-Mudarris, 2011. Walbiner, Carsten-Michael. “Riḥlat ‘Raʿd’ min Ḥalab ilā al-Bunduqīya.” In Mélanges en mémoire de Mgr Néophytos Edelby (1920–1995), edited by Nagi Edelby and Pierre Masri, 367–83. Beirut: Université St. Joseph, 2005. Yirmisekiz Çelebī Efendi, Meḥmed. Le paradis des infidèles: Relation de Yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmed efendi, ambassadeur ottoman en France sous la Régence. Paris: François Maspero, 1981.
Near Eastern Christianities Ghobrial, John-Paul A. “The Ottoman World of ʿAbdallah Zakher: Shuwayr Bindings in the Arcadian Library.” In The Arcadian Library: Bindings and Provenance, edited by Giles Mandelbrote and Willem de Bruijn, 193–231. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014. . “Migration from Within and Without: In the Footsteps of Eastern Christians in the Early Modern World.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 27 (2017): 153–73.
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Further Reading Heyberger, Bernard. “Livres et pratique de la lecture chez les chrétiens (Syrie, Liban) XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles.” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 87–88 (1999): 209–23. Khater, Akram Fouad. Embracing the Divine: Gender, Passion, and Politics in the Christian Middle East, 1720–1798. New York, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011. Walbiner, Carsten-Michael. “Monastic Reading and Learning in Eighteenth-Century Bilād al-Šām: Some Evidence from the Monastery of al-Šuwayr (Mount Lebanon).” Arabica 51, no. 4 (2004): 462–77.
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Index
abbots, §9.72, §§9.79–80, §§9.113–14, §§9.118–19, §9.122, §9.150, §§11.4–5, §§11.34–36, §11.46, §11.59, 281n36
§§11.29–34, §11.37, §11.53, 280n25, 282n42, 282n43, 282n50, 284n87 anchors, §9.86, §10.67, §11.1, §§11.8–9,
ʿAbdallāh (brother of Ḥannā Diyāb),
§11.14, §11.53
§§11.157–58
ancient, 283n59; coins, 269, 285n87;
Abrak market, §11.138
custom, §9.75, §10.72; kings, §10.11,
abū kalb (coin), §11.132
§11.28, 276; languages, 274
Abū Zayt, §11.168
animals, §9.1, §§9.6–8, §§9.10–21, §9.23,
Adana, §11.133, §§11.141–43, §11.150, 283n57, 283n59
§9.38, §9.40, §9.92, §10.40, §11.51, §11.64, §11.149, §11.173, 279n6, 282n54.
Afyonkarahisar, §§11.61–62, §11.81, §§11.95– 96, §§11.104–5, §11.113
See also beasts; birds; camels; chicken; cows; dogs; donkeys; fish; gazelles;
agate, 287n109
goats; horses; jerboas; lions; monkey;
aghā, §11.123. See also commander; officer
mounts; mules; panthers
“Aladdin” (tale), 263, 265, 271, 273, 276–77,
Antep, §11.166, §§11.174–75, §11.178
281n35, 283n68, 286n103, 287n112,
Antioch, §11.129, §11.131, §§11.152–53, §11.155
287n113
antiques, §11.162; banners, §9.65
alājah, §9.2
apples, 275
Aleppo, §9.2, §9.57, §9.63, §10.1, §10.13,
Arabic, §9.11, §9.63, §10.9, 263–65, 267,
§10.20, §10.54, §§10.59–60, §10.66, §11.6, §11.37, §§11.43–44, §11.46, §§11.57–
270, 276, 278, 279n7, 280n21, 283n64, 284n78, 284n82, 284n84, 286n103
58, §11.84, §§11.120–21, §11.129, §11.133,
Arabic Library, §10.9, §10.30, §10.52
§§11.137–38, §§11.149–50, §§11.156–57,
arak, §11.23, §11.97, §11.151
§§11.159–60, §11.168, §11.177, 263, 269,
Armenian, §10.13, §11.153
274, 277, 281n37, 287n112, 287n115
art school, §9.109
“ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves” (tale),
astronomy, §9.108
263, 267, 271, 281n35, 283n68, 284n78, 286n103
bakers, §10.6, §11.153; bakery, §10.7, §11.153
ambassadors, §9.63, §§9.86–90, §9.92,
Bālistān souk, §11.25
§§9.100–1, §10.12, §10.44, §§10.71–
bandits, §11.145
72, §11.2, §11.4, §11.15, §§11.17–23,
baptism, §9.81
3٠٩
309
Index barbershop, §10.3
bottarga, §11.150
barjādāt, §9.115
Bourbon, Françoise Marie de, 279n11. See
bath, §11.84, §§11.164–65; bathhouse, §10.4, §10.56, §11.80
also Madame d’Orléans Bourgogne, Duke of, §9.13
Bazan, khawājah, §11.121
Bourgogne, Madame de, §§9.13–15, §9.21
beards, §9.16, §9.93. See also mustaches
bread, §9.71, §9.74, §9.113, §9.119, §§9.154–
beasts, §9.13, §9.92, §§11.61–62, §11.109,
55, §10.2, §§10.6–8, §§10.37–38, §11.49,
§11.112
§11.71, §11.78, §§11.145–53, 281n32; riots,
Bedouins, §11.102
271, 273
beeswax, §11.171
breaking (punishment), §§9.143–44
beggars/begging, §9.21, §9.28, §§9.31–32,
brokers, §9.133
§§9.53–55, §9.89, §9.113, §9.126, §9.138,
broth, §§11.75–77
§9.144, §9.149, §10.6, §10.15, §10.17,
buildings, §9.3, §§9.66–67, §9.82, §9.84,
§10.23, §10.73, §11.67, §11.81, §11.98, §11.125, §11.126, §11.131, §11.150, §11.154,
§10.1, §10.25, §11.50 bull-pizzle whips, §9.55, §9.145
271 bells, §11.64, §11.66, §11.147; church bells, §9.29, §9.56, §10.1
cabins, §11.7, §11.12, §11.15 cabinets of curiosities, 269–70
Beyoğlu, §§11.17–18, §11.32, §11.34
Cairo, §9.2, 275, 286n108
bezoars, §§11.114–18, §11.125, 282n54
calendering, §11.43, 282n51; calenderer,
birds, §9.41, §§9.50–51. See also chickens bishops, §§9.79–80, §§9.150–53, §9.156,
§11.60 calpac, §9.2, §9.16, §11.68
§10.7, §§10.19–20, §11.46; bishopric,
camel, §10.25, §11.168
§9.80
de Camps, François, abbot of Signy, 281n36
Black Mountain, 275
cannons, §9.35, §9.112, §§10.67–68, §10.75,
blue vitriol, §11.138, §11.140
§11.9, §11.11, §11.50, §§11.52–53
boat, §10.8, §11.30, §11.32, §11.51; skippers, §11.24. See also dinghy; galleons;
Capuchins, §11.5 caravans, §11.6, §11.43, §11.46, §11.57, §11.60,
galleys; longboats; rowboats; ships bond certificates, §§9.131–38
§§11.109–10, §11.111, §11.133, §11.135, §§11.138–39, §11.144, §§11.146–50,
Bonifay, khawājah, §11.121
§§11.154–55, 274, 276
books, §9.1, §9.13, §9.19, §9.134, §10.9,
caravansary, §11.24, §§11.60–61, §§11.80–81,
§10.11, §11.162, 272, 286n103; Book
§§11.97–98, §§11.101–2, §11.105. See also
of Travels, 263–64, 266–68, 271–72,
hostels; inns; markets
274–78, 284n75, 287n113
cardinals, §§9.56–57, §9.59, §§9.61–65,
Bosquet de Marais, 279n14
§9.80, §§9.150–52, §10.19, §10.23, §10.45
3١٠
310
Index carriages, §9.3, §9.90, §9.101, §9.113, §9.115,
§§9.150–52, §9.156, §§10.1–2, §10.19,
§§9.117–18, §9.146, §10.1, §10.36, §10.39,
§10.23, §10.38, §11.28, §11.43, 275–76
§10.46
Cilician Gates, §11.133, 282n55, 283n58
Castle of al-Tamātīn, §11.170
citadels, §§11.10–13
cataracts, §11.100
citron, §9.37, §11.150, §11.151
catechism, §9.108
city, §9.29, §9.47, §9.53, §9.66, §§9.73–74,
Catholics, §9.79
§§9.87–88, §9.101, §9.117, §9.120,
Cave of the Slave, §11.166, §11.169, §11.171
§§9.122–23, §9.138, §9.150, §9.152,
caverns, §11.166
§§10.1–2, §§10.6–7, §10.14, §10.18,
certificate of safe conduct, §11.158
§10.21, §10.27, §10.48, §10.54, §11.3,
Chaldeans, §§10.20–21
§11.6, §11.16, §11.48, §11.52, §§11.80–81,
chamber of commerce, §10.12, §10.47,
§11.83, §11.85, §§11.95–96, §§11.111–12,
§§10.58–61
§11.142, §11.156, §11.158, §§11.161–62,
chamber pot, §9.70
§11.164, §11.168, 271, 280n25; of Adana,
cheramide, §10.56
§11.143; of Aleppo, §9.57, §9.63, §10.1,
cheese, §10.38, §10.65, §11.7, §11.37, §11.78
§10.13, §10.20; of Antep, §11.166; of
chickens, §11.33, §11.71, §11.73, §11.75,
Istanbul, §11.50; of Jerusalem, §11.143;
§§11.77–78, §11.89
of Konya, §11.109; of Lyon, §10.46; of
children, §9.42, §9.53, §9.72, §9.74, §§9.95– 96, §9.108, §§9.113–14, §§9.118–19,
Marseille, §11.120; of Paris, §9.32, §9.56, §10.24; of Tunis, §10.4
§§9.127–29, §9.147, §§10.1–2, §10.7,
“City of Gold” (tale), 271
§11.67, §§11.142–43, §11.159, 279n11,
clergy, §9.152
280n23
clothing, §11.134, 287n109; Eastern, §9.2
Christians, §9.30, §9.33, §9.39, §9.66, §11.1, §11.28, §11.46, §11.81, §11.98, §11.133,
cloves, §11.58 coffee, §§10.15–16, §§10.26–27, §11.6,
§11.144, §11.168, §11.178, 270, 275, 281n38,
§11.24, §11.32, §11.72, §11.78, §§11.87–88,
282n56, 283n63
§11.90, §§11.98–99, §11.113, §§11.118–20,
Christofalo, §9.57, §10.23, §10.45, 280n21
§11.136, §11.140, §11.151, §11.162, 273;
church bells. See bells
coffee shops, §10.22, §10.27, §10.30, 263;
Church of Notre-Dame, §9.56, §9.59,
Iṣṭifān the Coffee Man, §10.27
§§9.65–66
coins, §9.15, §9.123, §10.11, §10.54, §10.62,
Church of Saint-Denis, §9.29
§11.6, §11.27, §§11.77–78, §11.114, §11.132,
Church of Sainte Geneviève, §§9.150–51
§11.153, §11.162, 269–70, 272, 280n26,
Church of Saint Peter, §9.11
285n87. See also abū kalb; dirham; ecus;
Church of the Virgin, §10.23
jarq; miṣriyyah; piaster; soldi; ʿuthmānī;
churches, §9.11, §9.29, §9.53, §§9.56–57,
zolota
§9.59, §§9.65–66, §9.73, §9.106, §9.108,
3١١
311
Index coach, §§10.35–40. See also diligence; stagecoach
diamonds, §9.17, §9.60, §10.13, 277 diligence (transport), §10.35, §10.39. See
cold (weather), §§10.1–3, 281n33. See also freezing (hypothermia); Great Frost columns, §9.90, §9.94, §9.156
also coach; stagecoach dinghy, §11.7, §§11.10–12, §11.17, §11.24, §11.50, §11.60, §11.62
Comédie, §9.105
dirham, §11.58, §11.138
commander, §9.139. See also aghā; officer
doctors, §§9.66–69, §9.71, §9.126, §9.140,
concubines, §§11.61–62
§10.55, §11.68, §11.77, §11.79, §§11.81–85,
confessions, §9.55, §9.66, §9.107, §9.124
§11.90, §§11.99–101, §11.105, §§11.107–8,
consuls, §10.12, §10.44, §10.47, §10.53,
§11.110, §11.113, §11.120, §11.128, §11.134,
§§10.61–63, §11.2, §11.7, §11.160;
§11.136, §11.144, §11.161, §11.163, 269–70,
consular, 286n108
282n56, 285n87, 285n90. See also
courthouses, §§9.124–25, §9.130, §9.139, §9.141, §9.146
physicians dogs, §9.52, §11.126
court of law. See courthouses
donkeys, §9.92. See also mounts; mules
cows, §9.92
dragoman, §9.7, §§10.71–72, §§11.2–3,
crimes, criminals, §9.25, §§9.123–26, §9.145, §9.149, §10.30
§§11.6–7, §11.15, §11.31, §11.53, §11.56, 285n90
crucifixes, §9.59, §9.111, §9.125, §§9.139–41, §10.38, §11.47
drawing, §§9.12–13, §9.44, §9.52, §9.109, §9.111, 280n18. See also illustration
cucumbers, §11.151
drawing and quartering (punishment),
custom (practice), §9.16, §9.42, §9.58,
§9.123
§9.75, §§9.131–32, §9.151, §§10.62–63,
drum, §10.25
§§10.71–72, §11.1, §11.29, §11.162, 272
dukes, §§10.40–41, §10.43, §§10.52–53
customs duties, §10.24
Duke of Bourgogne, §9.13
customs officials, §11.1, §11.7, §11.15, §11.17,
Duke of Orléans, §§9.79–80
§11.121 cypress, §9.77
earthquakes, §11.156 “Ebony Horse” (tale), 263, 270, 281n35,
daggers, §9.2, §§9.23–25
283n68
Damascus, §11.102, §11.127, §11.132
ecus (piasters), §9.117, §10.12, 280n26
dance, §9.98, §9.100, §9.112
edict, §9.34, §9.151, §10.23, §§10.40–44,
Dauphin, Monseigneur the, §§9.12–13, §9.32, §9.40, 279n9
§§10.47–49, §10.52, §10.57, §11.11, §11.13, §§11.54–55, §11.104; of Fontainebleau,
deacons, §9.59, §9.153
§9.80, 280n24
decapitation (punishment), §9.123
effendi, §11.83, §11.94
demons, §9.45, §§9.96–97, 283n62
eggs, §11.78
3١2
312
Index Egypt, §9.7, §9.10, §11.6, §11.87, §11.104, 274
grapes; hardtack; lamb; mujaddarah;
elixir, 275. See also bezoars; medicine; oils;
oil; olives; preserves; rice; soup;
ointment; paste; purgatives; salves
spices; sweets; vegetables; wheat;
emeralds, §9.17, §9.60, §10.13, 277
wine
Emperor Constantine, §11.143
fountains, §9.37, §9.87, §9.99, §9.103,
Empress Helena, §11.143
279n14
engineers, §§9.33–34, 279n13
France, §9.29, §9.57, §9.74, §§9.79–81,
epidemics, §9.150, §9.153
§9.128, §9.152, §10.2, §10.8, §10.51,
Ereğli, §11.141
§10.66, §10.75, §11.2, §11.12, 266, 270,
Eskişehir, §11.80, §11.96
281n33; king of, §9.94, §10.71, §11.21,
Euphrates, §9.33
§11.34, §11.53, §11.55; sultan of, §9.13,
executioners, executions, §9.123, §§9.125–
§9.86, §11.52
26, §§9.139–41, §§9.143–47, §9.149, 264,
Françoise d’Aubigné, 280n15
271, 285n93. See also punish
Frankish, §9.88, §11.3, §11.12, §11.143, §11.153, §11.169; doctor, §11.83, §11.85, §11.90,
fabric, §9.2, §9.58, §§9.115–17, §9.119, §11.6, §11.25, §11.29, 282n51. See also alāja;
§11.101, §11.105, §11.110, §§11.134–35, §11.144, 282n56 Franks, §11.52, §11.68, §11.135, §11.170
barjādāt; khāṣṣāt; londrin Fagon, Guy-Crescent, §9.12
freezing (hypothermia), §§10.3–5
famine, §10.6, §10.8, 273
French, §9.11, §9.73, §9.101, §9.140, §10.9,
Fayoum, 279n6
§10.15, §10.62, §10.69, §10.76, 263–67,
Feast of Corpus Christi, §9.58
269–70, 272, 274–78, 279n7, 279n10,
Feast of Saint Michael, §§10.24–26
280n24, 280n26, 280n27, 284n86,
fever, §§11.83–84, §§11.88–90, §11.114,
286n107; admiral, §11.53; ambassador,
§11.118, §§11.123–24; snail, §11.136
§10.44, §10.71, §11.2, §11.15, §11.18,
firearms. See muskets, pistols, riflery
§11.29, §11.34, 284n87; consul, §11.2,
fish, §10.65, §11.7, §11.150
§11.160; kings, §9.29, §9.65, §10.72;
Flemish, §§11.13–17; ambassador, §11.17;
lands, §9.81, §11.3, §11.120; merchants,
lands, §9.81; ships, §11.11, §11.13
§11.121; pirates, §11.11; ships, §10.73,
flutes, §9.98
§11.46, §11.54
foil (sword), §9.25
Frenchman, §10.28, §10.62, 270, 275
food, §9.8, §9.47, §9.154, §10.6, §10.8,
fruits, §9.37, §9.50, §11.151; preserves, §11.13.
§10.37, §10.46, §10.60, §10.62, §10.73,
See also apples; citron; cucumbers;
§11.3, §§11.32–33, §11.40, §11.88,
grapes; lemon; mulberry; orange
§11.151, §11.171, 267. See also apples; arak; bottarga, bread; broth; cheese; chicken; coffee; eggs; fish; fruit;
Galata, §11.17, §§11.23–24, §11.30, §11.32, §§11.34–35
3١3
313
Index Galland, Antoine, §§10.8–11, 263–68,
§§10.21–22, §§10.30–31, §10.44, §11.3,
270–73, 275–78, 280n19, 280n21, 281n34, 281n35, 281n36, 281n37, 283n65, 283n67, 283n69, 283n70, 283n71, 284n72, 284n73, 284n78, 284n79, 285n92, 285n95,
§11.102, §§11.104–9, §§11.111–12, §11.136, §11.176 grand vizier, §§10.71–72, §11.28, §11.30, §11.53, §11.102, 282n40
285n98, 285n99, 286n102, 286n103,
grapes, §9.50, §11.168
286n104, 286n109, 287n113, 287n114
Great Frost, 281n33. See also cold
galleons, §§11.52–53, §11.55. See also ships
(weather); freezing (hypothermia)
galleys, §9.25, §10.8, §11.55. See also ships
Greeks, §§11.41–42, §11.45, 286n107
gallows, §§9.125–26, §9.139, §9.146, §10.8
guards, §9.18, §§9.75–77, §9.141, §10.40,
garbage, §9.145
§11.25, §11.32, §§11.105–9, §§11.111–12.
gardens, §§9.33–34, §9.36, §§9.38–39,
See also janissaries
§9.76, §9.87, §9.97, §11.18, §11.63, 277, 279n13, 280n14, 285n89; gardeners,
Hagia Sophia, §11.28
§11.32, §11.151. See also meadows;
hanging (punishment), §9.43, §§9.121–23,
orchards
§§9.125–26, §§9.137–38, §9.149, §10.21
Gate of Felicity, 282n43
Ḥannā ibn Mikhāyīl Mīro, §§11.149–50
gazelles, §9.38
Ḥannā ibn al-Zughbī, §11.43, §11.57, §11.59,
gems, §11.162. See also cheramide;
§11.82, §11.86, §11.95, §11.99, §11.109,
diamonds; emeralds; rubies; pearls; precious stones
§§11.128–29, §11.132 harbor, §10.67, §11.3, §11.7, §§11.9–10,
Geneviève, Sainte, §§9.154–56, 281n32; Church of, §§9.150–51
§11.14, §11.30, §11.32, §11.46; Istanbul, §§11.51–53, 11.60; of Livorno, §10.73;
gerboas. See jerboas
Üsküdar, §11.60. See also ports
German/Germany, §9.81, 286n105
hardtack, §10.65, §11.7
ginger, §11.58
harems, §11.26, §11.32, §§11.82–83, §§11.85–
goats, §9.92; goatherd, 276
87, §11.89, §11.91, §11.93
God, §9.25, §9.28, §9.30, §9.54, §9.60,
Harlequin, §9.105
§9.63, §9.66, §9.73, §§9.77–78, §9.150,
headache, §11.53, §11.87
§9.153, §10.2, §10.7, §10.20, §10.50,
Heaven, §11.48
§10.69, §11.20, §11.34, §11.43, §11.49,
horses, §9.113, §9.118, §9.139, §§10.35–36,
§11.68, §11.71, §11.77, §11.81, §11.90,
§10.46, §§11.65–66, §11.70, §11.78,
§11.92, §§11.97–98, §11.111, §§11.113–14,
§§11.92–94, §§11.129–32, §§11.135–36,
§§11.121–22, §11.125, §11.139, §11.145,
§§11.146–50, §§11.152–53, §11.155; flying,
§11.148, §11.155, §11.159, §11.178, 280n20
271; postal, §10.48, §11.111. See also
governors, §9.54, §§9.83–84, §§9.120–22, §§9.135–38, §§9.148–49, §10.6, §10.8,
3١4
“Ebony Horse” (tale) horsemanship, §9.112
314
Index hospitals, §§9.55–56, §9.66, §9.68,
jakhjūr, §9.2
§§9.71–74, 280n23
janissaries, §11.2, §11.18, §11.23, §11.30,
hostels, 280n22. See also caravansary; inns; markets
§11.32, §11.42. See also guards jarq (coin), §10.7, §11.153
hot spring, §11.84; as qablūjah, §11.80 Hôtel de Dieu, §9.66, §9.73
jerboas (often as, “the animals”), §9.1, §§9.6–8, §§9.10–21, §9.23, §9.40,
Huguenots, §§9.79–81, §9.84, 280n24 hunt (for animals), §9.8, §9.13, §9.21, §9.38, 279n5
§10.40, 279n6, 279n7 Jerusalem, §9.63, §10.45, §11.132, §11.144 Jesuits, §§11.4–5, §11.34, §11.43, §11.45
humors, §10.56, §§11.73–74, §11.76, §11.91
Jesus Christ, §11.48 jewels/jewelry, §9.17, §9.22, §9.60,
icons, §10.38
§§10.13–14, §10.55, §11.163, 265, 269, 277,
illnesses, §§9.67–68, §10.28, §10.55, §11.125, §11.137, §11.161, 275, 285n89. See also cataracts; fever; freezing; headache;
287n113, 287n114 jinn, 265, 276–77, 283n62; Valley of the, §11.156
lesions; madness; melancholia; sick;
Jisr al-Jadīd, §11.152
snail fever; swelling
judges/judgment, §9.50, §9.123, §9.138,
illustrations, §9.13, §9.109. See also drawing inns, §9.52, §§10.37–38, §10.42, §§10.46– 48, §10.51, §§10.57–58, §10.65, §§11.2–3, §§11.34–35; innkeepers, §9.52, §11.2. See
§9.144, §9.151, §11.153 juvenile delinquents, §9.74, §§9.113–14, §9.118 juvenile detention center, 280n23
also caravansary, hostels, markets inscriptions, §§9.60–61, §§9.64–65, 280n20
Kaftīn, §11.159
isbanj tax, §11.133
Karanlık Kapı (Gate of Darkness), §11.145
Istanbul, §9.57, §9.63, §9.86, §§10.44–45,
Karagöz, §9.105
§10.60, §10.66, §10.69, §10.71, §10.77,
kazan kebabı, §11.71
§11.2, §11.4, §11.6, §11.8, §11.11, §§11.13–16,
khan. See caravansary; hostels; inns;
§11.18, §§11.23–24, §§11.28–30, §11.34,
markets
§11.43, §§11.50–52, §11.56, §11.58, §11.60,
Khān al-ʿAsal, §11.156
§§11.103–5, §11.120, §11.143, §11.157,
Khān al-Jadīd, §11.152
282n42
Khannāqiyyah, §11.166, §§11.169–70, §11.175,
Iṣṭifān the Damascene, §§10.22–23,
283n64 Khān al-ʿUlabiyyah, §11.149
§§10.26–28, §10.30 Italy, §9.81, 285n87
khāṣṣāt, §9.115
Iwaẓ, §9.105
khawājah, §10.65, §10.67, §11.160, §§11.170–
Izmir, §§10.60–61, §10.66, §10.77, §11.1, §11.3, §11.120, §11.157
78; “ʿAlī Khawājah and the Merchant of Baghdad” (tale), 281n35, 283n68;
3١5
315
Index khawājah (cont.), Azāt, §11.24; Bazan, §11.121; Christofalo, §10.45; “Ḥasan
in France, 270; Royal Library in Paris, §10.32; librarian, 270
al-Ḥabbāl” (tale), 271, 281n35, 283n68;
lions, §9.99, §§9.102–3
Paulo Çelebi, §9.63; Paul Lucas,
Livorno, §10.73
§§11.160–61; Rémuzat, §11.37; Rimbaud,
londrin, §9.2
§11.37, §11.39, §11.121; Samatan, §10.59,
longboats, §10.75
§§10.61–62, §§10.64–65, §10.67;
Louis XIV of France, King, §9.13, 263, 274,
Sauron, §11.121; Venetian §§11.36–43,
277, 279n9, 279n11, 280n15, 280n23,
§11.45; Zamāriyā, §10.45
280n24. See also France, king of;
kings, §9.3, §9.5, §§9.8–15, §§9.18–21, §§9.25–37, §§9.39–40, §§9.54–56, §9.65,
France, sultan of; king, His Majesty the Lyon, §10.35, §10.38, §10.46
§§9.74–81, §9.84, §§9.86–87, §§9.94– 99, §9.103, §9.131, §9.138, §9.143, §10.11,
Machine de Marly, 279n13
§10.27, §10.30, §§10.32–33, §§10.40–42,
Madame de Bourgogne, §§9.13–15, §9.21
§§10.51–53, §§10.71–72, §11.21, §11.26,
Madame de Maintenon, §9.26, §9.28, §9.30,
§§11.28–32, §11.34, §§11.53–55, §11.104, §11.151, §11.177, 270, 276–77, 280n16; His Majesty the king, §9.6, §9.11, §9.14,
§9.39, 279n11 Madame d’Orléans, §9.20, §9.27. See also Bourbon, Françoise Marie de
§9.28, §9.33, §§9.71–72, §§11.53–54;
madness, §9.99
of France, §9.94, §10.71, §11.21, §11.34,
Maghreb, Maghrebi, §9.65, §10.7, §10.58,
§11.53, §11.55; Ottoman king, §11.48, §§11.50–52, §§11.54–55; Shahriyar, 264 King Louis XIV of France. See Louis XIV of France, King
276 magic/magician, 264, 266–67, 275–76 Maltese, §11.9 manuscripts, 263–65, 267, 269–70, 272–74,
Kız Kulesi (Maiden’s Fortress), §11.18
276, 278, 279n1, 283n60, 283n67, 285n87,
Konya, §§11.109–10, §11.112, §11.133
286n103, 286n107 markets, §11.138, §11.142, §11.162, 269. See
ladies of light virtue, §9.113. See also
also caravansary; hostels; inns
prostitutes
Maronites, §9.11, §9.63, §11.43, 263, 270,
lamb, §11.71
279n8
lamps, 265, 276–77, 287n111. See also
marriage, §9.30, §9.32, §9.130, §10.19,
“Aladdin” (tale)
§10.28, §11.159, 267, 270, 280n15,
lemon, §9.37, §§11.88–89, §§11.150–51 Lent, §10.19
280n16 Marseille, §10.8, §10.12, §§10.43–44,
lesions, §11.137
§10.46, §§10.48–49, §§10.57–58,
libraries, §10.52, 276; Arabic Library,
§10.62, §10.66, §10.69, §10.73, §§10.75–
§10.9, §10.30, §10.52; National Library
3١6
76, §11.56, §11.120, §11.157, 269, 282n45
316
Index mass (Catholic), §9.67, §9.69, §10.38, §10.55, §10.62
mountains, §§9.33–38, §9.92, §11.10, §11.133, §11.141, §§11.144–45, §11.149, §11.171,
meadows, §9.37. See also gardens; orchards medallions, §9.108, §9.111, §10.54, 269–70 medicine, §9.12, §9.69, §11.49, §11.82,
§11.173, §11.177; Black Mountains, 275 mounts (riding animals), §11.14, §§11.16–17, §11.61, §11.65, §§11.78–79, §11.130
§11.97, §11.100, §11.120, §11.128, §11.136,
mustaches, §9.16, §10.3. See also beards
269–70, 275, 282n54, 285n89. See
mujaddarah, §11.150
also bezoars; oils; ointment; paste;
mulberry, §11.154
purgatives; salves
mules, §11.57. See also donkeys; mounts
Mediterranean, 269, 274, 278. See also sea
muleteers, §11.16, §11.57, §§11.60–64, §11.66,
melancholy, §10.56, §10.70, §11.165, 276
§11.78, §11.95, §§11.109–12, §11.129,
melodies, §9.94, §9.153
§11.145, §11.155
merchants, §9.73, §§9.114–20, §9.122, §9.127, §§9.129–36, §9.138, §9.148,
music, §11.34 musical instruments, §9.93, §9.100, §9.112,
§10.13, §10.17, §10.19, §10.27, §§10.43–
§11.22, 272. See also drum; flutes;
44, §§10.47–49, §§10.58–59, §10.62,
orchestra
§10.67, §11.3, §11.24, §11.35, §11.39,
musicians, §11.22
§11.121, §11.142, §11.158, 264, 269, 274
muskets, §§10.68–69
Michael, Saint, §§10.24–26
Muslim, §9.23, §10.32, §11.1, §11.3, §11.48,
military, §9.32, §9.131
270, 279n10, 280n20, 281n38, 283n63
mint (money), §§11.26–28 miracles, §9.78, §9.151, §9.153, §9.156, §10.56, §11.148, 275, 281n32
Nāṣīf Pasha, §§11.102–3, §11.128 New World, §10.58
Misis, §11.135, §11.139, §11.141, §11.144
Nicholas (painter), §§9.47–52, 280n19
miṣriyyah (coin), §10.55, §11.163
North Africa, 279n3
monasteries, §9.53, §9.72, §9.74, §9.79,
novices, 268. See also monks
§9.113, §§9.118–19, §9.121, §9.150,
nuns, §9.154
§9.152, §11.5, §11.35, §11.37, §§11.45–46; Capuchin, §11.5; Jesuit, §§11.4–5, §11.34, §11.46
officer, §9.32, §9.57, §10.68, §11.7, §11.10, §11.15, §11.53, §11.91, §11.121, §§11.133–34,
monastic orders, §11.37
§11.136. See also aghā; commander
monkey, §10.25
oils, §§11.86–87; rose, §§11.85–86, §11.93
monks, §9.72, §9.106, §§9.124–26, §§9.152–
ointment, §11.81, §11.86, §11.90, §11.99,
53, §11.159, 268
§11.137; jādhbūn, §11.86. See also
Morea, §10.77
bezoars; elixir; medicine; oils; paste;
mosques, §11.28; Valide Mosque, §11.28,
purgatives; salves
282n49
Old Cairo, 286n108
3١٧
317
Index olives, §10.65, §11.37; olive groves, §10.3 opera, §§9.90–91, §§9.100–1, §9.104, 280n27
Paul Lucas, §10.10, §10.51, §11.160, 263, 265, 269, 274, 279n3, 283n64 Paulo Çelebi, §9.57, §9.63
Opéra, §9.89
pearls, §10.13
orange, §9.37, §11.150
peasants, §9.92, §10.2, §§10.6–7, §11.67,
orchards, §9.80, §10.2, §11.141, §§11.150–51, §11.154. See also gardens; meadows
§11.95, §11.154 pepper, §11.58
orchestra, §§9.93–95, §11.22
Peter, Saint, §9.142; Church of, §9.11
Order of Saint Augustine, §9.124
philosopher, §9.106
orderliness, §9.88
philosopher’s stone, 275–76. See also elixir
Orontes River, §11.152
philosophy, §9.108
ostensorium, §§9.59–60
physician, §§9.12–13, §9.55, §11.94, 269–70,
Ottoman, 282n47; ambassador, 280n25; coins, §11.153; Empire, 280n26, 281n38,
276–77. See also doctor piaster, §9.41, §9.91, §9.131, §9.133, §10.23,
282n56; king, §11.48; lands, 281n27;
§10.26, §10.35, §10.60, §§11.4–7, §11.27,
minister, 282n40; world, 272, 274
§11.29, §11.36, §11.117, §11.133, §11.175,
Ottomans, §10.72
280n26 pipes (tobacco), §11.72, §11.76, §11.87,
panthers, §9.4
§§11.90–91, §§11.118–19, §11.136
paraded in disgrace (punishment), §9.145
pipes (water), §9.37, §9.100, §9.103
paradise, §11.141
pirates, §10.60, §10.67, §10.69, §§10.73–74,
Paris, §9.3, §9.6, §9.13, §9.19, §9.25,
§11.2, §§11.10–11
§9.29, §9.32, §§9.39–40, §§9.53–54,
pistols, §11.171
§§9.56–57, §9.71, §9.74, §§9.79–80,
poniard, §9.25, §11.174
§9.82, §§9.84–87, §9.113, §9.120, §9.145,
Pont Saint-Michel, §9.40, §9.141, 281n37
§§9.147–48, §§9.150–51, §§9.153–54,
Pontchartrain (Minister of the Orient),
§9.156, §§10.1–2, §§10.5–8, §§10.13–14,
§9.5, §9.86, 269, 284n87, 286n106
§10.17, §10.20, §§10.22–24, §§10.26–28,
pope, §9.30, §9.57, §9.152, §10.8
§10.31, §10.35, §10.42, §§10.46–47,
porcelain, §11.89
§10.51, §10.57, §10.62, §10.71, §10.73,
ports, §10.59, §10.77, §11.1, §§11.8–9, §11.17,
§§11.20–22, 263–67, 269–78, 279n2, 281n37; Parisians, §9.58, §9.85, 273 pasha, §11.28, §§11.61–62, §11.67, §11.69, §§11.78–96, §§11.102–9, §11.128
§11.30, §11.55, §11.143. See also harbors postal horses. See horses prayer, §9.65, §9.70, §9.126, §9.140, §9.143, §10.38, §11.41, §11.48
paste, §11.137. See also bezoars; elixir;
precious stones, §10.14, §10.16, §10.54,
medicine; oils; ointment; purgatives;
274, 277. See also cheramide, diamonds;
salves
emeralds; gems; pearls; rubies
3١8
318
Index preserves (fruit), §11.13
Rémuzat, khawājah, §11.37
priests, §9.53, §9.55, §9.59, §9.66, §§9.70–
rice, §11.71, §11.77, §11.150
71, §9.80, §§9.106–7, §9.124, §9.126,
Rimbaud, khawājah, §11.37, §11.39, §11.121
§§9.139–40, §9.141, §§9.143–44, §9.146,
rings, 276, 287n111
§§9.152–53, §10.2, §§10.19–21, §10.62,
robbed/robbery, §9.141, §9.143, §10.73,
§11.36, §§11.46–49, 275
§11.2, §§11.64–65, §11.147
“Prince Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū” (tale), 265, 268, 275, 277, 281n35, 283n68 princes, §9.15, §§9.21–22, §§9.41–47, §9.56,
Rouen, 274 rowboat, §10.63, §10.67, §11.1 Royal Library in Paris. See libraries
§9.87, §9.138, §10.27, §§11.56–58, 268,
royalty. See kings; princes; princesses
271, 284n79, 287n113. See also “Prince
rubies, §9.17, §9.60, §10.13, 277
Aḥmad and the Fairy Perī Bānū” (tale)
ruins, 276
princesses, §§9.15–17, §§9.19–23, §§9.25– 28, §9.30, §9.43, §9.101, 268, 271–72,
sacristan, §9.65
275, 277, 279n10, 279n11, 287n113
Saint Paul’s Gate, §11.154
prisoners, §9.141, §10.30, 11.1, §11.55
saints, §9.67, §9.72, §§9.150–53, §9.156,
Prophet Muḥammad, 280n20
§9.24, §9.147, 281n30, 281n37. See also
Province of the Islands, §10.8, §11.11,
Geneviève, Michael, Peter; saintly,
§§11.54–55
§9.28
public baths. See bath
salt, §11.73; saltwater, §11.150
pulse, §11.73, §11.88, §11.93
salves, §11.86, §11.93. See also oils
punish, §9.39, §9.55, §9.123, §9.154. See also
Samatan, khawājah, §10.59, §§10.61–64
breaking; decapitation; drawing and
Sassoun, §11.153
quartering; galleys; hanging; paraded
Satan, §9.106, §11.48
in disgrace
Sauron, khawājah, §11.121
purgatives, §§11.73–75, §11.79, §11.140; purged, §11.76
science, §§9.12–13, §9.74, §9.108, §10.14, 272 sea, §10.67, §10.69, §11.8, §11.14, §§11.51–52,
Qulayʿah, §11.178
§11.55, §11.120, §§11.145–46, §11.157
Qurṭ Qulāq, §11.152
Sea of Marmara, 282n52 secrets, §10.10, §10.16, §11.103, §11.159,
rapiers, §§10.71–72, §11.29, 282n42. See also swords, weapons
§11.177, 271, 275, 280n16 Seine (river), §9.33, §10.1, 279n13
rationing (of food), §10.6
sentence, §9.25, §9.123, §§9.137–38,
raṭl, §10.8
§9.141, §§9.143–47, §9.149. See also
reading, §9.19, §9.145, §11.20, 265, 272, 276,
punishment
282n41
Sentence (newspaper), §9.123, §9.141
3١٩
319
Index servants, §9.5, §9.21, §9.47, §9.63, §9.66,
Simon, khawājah, §11.121
§§9.69–70, §9.86, §9.99, §9.115, §9.117,
skulls, 276, 287n111
§§9.120–22, §9.134, §9.147, §9.149,
Slumber of King Bacchus (opera), §9.103
§9.154, §9.156, §10.3, §10.5, §10.11,
snail fever, §11.136
§10.35, §10.37, §10.46, §10.53, §10.63,
soldiers, §§9.4–5, §§9.54–55, §9.99, §9.105,
§11.2, §11.21, §§11.38–40, §11.44, §11.114,
§9.131, §§9.139–42, §9.144, §9.146,
§11.119, §11.124, §11.136, §11.139, §11.150,
§10.8, §§10.67–69, §10.75, §11.52, §11.92,
§§11.170–72, §11.174, 269, 271–72
§11.177, 271
shahāda (Muslim profession of faith), §9.60, 280n20
souks, §10.55, §11.25, §11.47, §11.50, §§11.115–16, §§11.149–50, §11.153
Shāhīn Ghazzāleh (uncle of Ḥannā Diyāb), §11.158
soup, §9.69, §11.77, §§11.88–89 Spain, §9.12, §9.116, §10.58
shepherds, §9.92, §11.48
spices, §11.58. See also cloves, ginger,
shields, §9.112
pepper
ship captains and officers. See aghā;
spouts/spouted, §9.37, §9.87, §9.99, §9.102,
captains; officers
§11.80. See also fountains
ships, §9.86, §10.8, §§10.58–61, §§10.63–64, §§10.66–70, §§10.73–77, §§11.1–3,
stagecoach, §10.35, §10.37, §10.42. See also coach; diligence
§§11.6–14, §11.15, §11.46, §§11.50–54,
starvation, §10.6
§11.84, §11.120, §11.157, 282n45. See
statues, §§10.3–4
also boats; dinghy; galleons; galleys;
Sultan Aḥmad, §9.86, §10.71, §11.50, §11.53
longboats; rowboats
Sultan of France, §9.13, §9.86, §11.52,
shops, §9.58, §9.73, §9.115, §9.130,
287n12. See also Louis XIV of France,
§9.132, §9.153, §10.22, §10.27, §10.30,
King
§10.54, §11.3, §11.25, §11.117, §11.138,
Sunday school, §9.108
§11.149, §11.158, §§11.162–63, 263, 271;
Sweden, §11.56
shopkeepers, §11.115
sweets, §11.13, §11.32
sick, §9.71, §9.151, §10.31, §11.72, §11.75,
swelling, §11.86, §11.90, §11.93
§11.77, §11.90, §11.101, §11.104, §11.107,
swindle, §9.112, 269
§§11.113–14, §11.118, §11.123, §11.125,
swords, §9.23, §9.25. See also foil; rapiers,
§§11.128–29, §§11.131–32. See also
weapons
cataracts; fever; freezing; headache; lesions; madness; melancholia; snail
taxes, §11.51, §§11.133–34
fever; swelling
theatrical effects, §9.103
sieges, §11.18
thieves, §9.82, §9.137, §9.147, §11.63, §11.70,
signs, §9.72, §10.70, §11.9, §11.31, 272; of the cross, §9.126; on a house, §9.113
§11.155, 267. See also “ʿAlī Bābā and the Forty Thieves” (tale)
32٠
320
Index Thousand and One Nights, §10.9, 263–66, 271, 273, 281n34, 283n67
Venetian, §§11.29–30, §11.35, §11.39, §11.43 Versailles, §9.3, §9.33, §§9.38–39, §9.87,
tobacco, §11.119
§§10.27–28, §10.40, §10.43, §§10.52–53,
tombs, §9.29, 276; tombstones, §11.143
277–78, 279n13, 280n14, 280n15
translation/translated, §10.9, §§10.15–16,
vineyards, §10.2, §11.178
263, 265, 272–73, 283n60, 284n79,
Virgin Mary, §9.126, §§9.147–48
285n89, 285n96, 286n105, 286n107,
voyages, §§9.6–7, §9.13, §10.10, §10.54,
287n109, 287n113
§10.57, §10.74, §11.160, 265, 269–70,
translators, 263, 265–67, 269–70, 272, 276,
279n3, 279n6, 285n90
280n27, 281n34. See also dragoman treasury, §9.131, §11.25, §11.104
waterspouts. See fountains; spouts
trees, §§9.37–38, §§9.76–77, §9.87, §9.92,
waterwheels, §§9.35–36, §9.38, §11.154
§9.97, §§10.1–2, §11.63, §§11.141–42,
weapons, §9.77, §9.99, §11.25. See also
§11.145, §11.150, §11.154, 279n14. See also citron; cypress; lemon; mulberry; olive; orange
cannons; daggers; foil; muskets; pistols; poniards; rapiers; swords wheat, §§10.7–8, §11.11, §11.13, §§11.54–55
Tripoli (Lebanon), 276
wine, §10.2, §§10.37–38, §10.48, §10.65,
trompe l’oeil painting, §9.41, 280n17
§10.70, §11.7, §11.12, §11.33, §11.38, §11.97,
Tunis, §10.4, 275, 284n84
§11.151; wineskin, §9.103
turbans, §9.2, §11.158, 272
women, §9.22, §9.69, §§9.71–72, §9.88,
Turkish, §10.13, §11.12, §11.56, §11.69, §11.121, §11.138, 282n47
§9.92, §9.101, §§9.105–7, §9.145, §10.1, §11.3, §11.26, §11.67, §11.143, 264, 270, 272, 277; quarters, §11.72
ʿuthmānī (coin), §10.7 Upper Egypt, §9.7, §9.10
Yūsuf ibn Shāhīn Çelebi, §9.63
uqqah, §11.7, §11.58, §11.123
Yūsuf the Jeweler, §§10.13–17, §§10.19–21,
Üsküdar, §11.60, §11.62, §11.95
§§10.30–31
Valley of the Jinn, §11.156
Zamāriyā, §9.63, §10.23, §10.45
vegetables, §11.71
zolota, §10.8, §11.6
veil (women’s), 270, 287n109.
Zuqāq al-Khall, §11.156
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About the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute
The Library of Arabic Literature is supported by a grant from the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, a major hub of intellectual and creative activity and advanced research. The Institute hosts academic conferences, workshops, lectures, film series, performances, and other public programs directed both to audiences within the UAE and to the worldwide academic and research community. It is a center of the scholarly community for Abu Dhabi, bringing together faculty and researchers from institutions of higher learning throughout the region. NYU Abu Dhabi, through the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute, is a world-class center of cutting-edge research, scholarship, and cultural activity. The Institute creates singular opportunities for leading researchers from across the arts, humanities, social sciences, sciences, engineering, and the professions to carry out creative scholarship and conduct research on issues of major disciplinary, multidisciplinary, and global significance.
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About the Typefaces
The Arabic body text is set in DecoType Naskh, designed by Thomas Milo and Mirjam Somers, based on an analysis of five centuries of Ottoman manuscript practice. The exceptionally legible result is the first and only typeface in a style that fully implements the principles of script grammar (qawāʿid al-khaṭṭ). The Arabic footnote text is set in DecoType Emiri, drawn by Mirjam Somers, based on the metal typeface in the naskh style that was cut for the 1924 Cairo edition of the Qurʾan. Both Arabic typefaces in this series are controlled by a dedicated font layout engine. ACE, the Arabic Calligraphic Engine, invented by Peter Somers, Thomas Milo, and Mirjam Somers of DecoType, first operational in 1985, pioneered the principle followed by later smart font layout technologies such as OpenType, which is used for all other typefaces in this series. The Arabic text was set with WinSoft Tasmeem, a sophisticated user interface for DecoType ACE inside Adobe InDesign. Tasmeem was conceived and created by Thomas Milo (DecoType) and Pascal Rubini (WinSoft) in 2005. The English text is set in Adobe Text, a new and versatile text typeface family designed by Robert Slimbach for Western (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic) typesetting. Its workhorse qualities make it perfect for a wide variety of applications, especially for longer passages of text where legibility and economy are important. Adobe Text bridges the gap between calligraphic Renaissance types of the 15th and 16th centuries and high-contrast Modern styles of the 18th century, taking many of its design cues from early post-Renaissance Baroque transitional types cut by designers such as Christoffel van Dijck, Nicolaus Kis, and William Caslon. While grounded in classical form, Adobe Text is also a statement of contemporary utilitarian design, well suited to a wide variety of print and on-screen applications.
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Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
For more details on individual titles, visit www.libraryofarabicliterature.org Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology Selected and translated by Geert Jan van Gelder (2012) A Treasury of Virtues: Sayings, Sermons, and Teachings of ʿAlī, by al-Qāḍī al-Quḍāʿī, with the One Hundred Proverbs attributed to al-Jāḥiẓ Edited and translated by Tahera Qutbuddin (2013) The Epistle on Legal Theory, by al-Shāfiʿī Edited and translated by Joseph E. Lowry (2013) Leg over Leg, by Aḥmad Fāris al-Shidyāq Edited and translated by Humphrey Davies (4 volumes; 2013–14) Virtues of the Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, by Ibn al-Jawzī Edited and translated by Michael Cooperson (2 volumes; 2013–15) The Epistle of Forgiveness, by Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī Edited and translated by Geert Jan van Gelder and Gregor Schoeler (2 volumes; 2013–14) The Principles of Sufism, by ʿĀʾishah al-Bāʿūniyyah Edited and translated by Th. Emil Homerin (2014) The Expeditions: An Early Biography of Muḥammad, by Maʿmar ibn Rāshid Edited and translated by Sean W. Anthony (2014) Two Arabic Travel Books Accounts of China and India, by Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī Edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith (2014) Mission to the Volga, by Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān Edited and translated by James Montgomery (2014)
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Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
Disagreements of the Jurists: A Manual of Islamic Legal Theory, by al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān Edited and translated by Devin J. Stewart (2015) Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad, by Ibn al-Sāʿī Edited by Shawkat M. Toorawa and translated by the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature (2015) What ʿĪsā ibn Hishām Told Us, by Muḥammad al-Muwayliḥī Edited and translated by Roger Allen (2 volumes; 2015) The Life and Times of Abū Tammām, by Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī Edited and translated by Beatrice Gruendler (2015) The Sword of Ambition: Bureaucratic Rivalry in Medieval Egypt, by ʿUthmān ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nābulusī Edited and translated by Luke Yarbrough (2016) Brains Confounded by the Ode of Abū Shādūf Expounded, by Yūsuf al-Shirbīnī Edited and translated by Humphrey Davies (2 volumes; 2016) Light in the Heavens: Sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad, by al-Qāḍī al-Quḍāʿī Edited and translated by Tahera Qutbuddin (2016) Risible Rhymes, by Muḥammad ibn Maḥfūẓ al-Sanhūrī Edited and translated by Humphrey Davies (2016) A Hundred and One Nights Edited and translated by Bruce Fudge (2016) The Excellence of the Arabs, by Ibn Qutaybah Edited by James E. Montgomery and Peter Webb Translated by Sarah Bowen Savant and Peter Webb (2017) Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook Edited and translated by Charles Perry (2017) Arabian Satire: Poetry from 18th-Century Najd, by Ḥmēdān al-Shwēʿir Edited and translated by Marcel Kurpershoek (2017)
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Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, by Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Tūnisī Edited and translated by Humphrey Davies (2 volumes; 2018) War Songs, by ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād Edited by James E. Montgomery Translated by James E. Montgomery with Richard Sieburth (2018) Arabian Romantic: Poems on Bedouin Life and Love, by ʿAbdallāh ibn Sbayyil Edited and translated by Marcel Kurpershoek (2018) Dīwān ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād: A Literary-Historical Study By James E. Montgomery (2018) Stories of Piety and Prayer: Deliverance Follows Adversity, by al-Muḥassin ibn ʿAlī al-Tanūkhī Edited and translated by Julia Bray (2019) The Philosopher Responds: An Intellectual Correspondence from the Tenth Century, by Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī and Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh Edited by Bilal Orfali and Maurice A. Pomerantz Translated by Sophia Vasalou and James E. Montgomery (2 volumes; 2019) Tajrīd sayf al-himmah li-stikhrāj mā fī dhimmat al-dhimmah: A Scholarly Edition of ʿUthmān ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nābulusī’s Text By Luke Yarbrough (2020) The Discourses: Reflections on History, Sufism, Theology, and Literature— Volume One, by al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī Edited and translated by Justin Stearns (2020) Impostures, by al-Ḥarīrī Translated by Michael Cooperson (2020) Maqāmāt Abī Zayd al-Sarūjī, by al-Ḥarīrī Edited by Michael Cooperson (2020) The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali, by Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī Edited and translated by Mario Kozah (2020) The Book of Charlatans, by Jamāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-Jawbarī Edited by Manuela Dengler Translated by Humphrey Davies (2020)
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Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
A Physician on the Nile, by ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī Edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith (2021) The Book of Travels, by Ḥannā Diyāb Edited by Johannes Stephan Translated by Elias Muhanna (2 volumes; 2021) English-only Paperbacks Leg over Leg, by Aḥmad Fāris al-Shidyāq (2 volumes; 2015) The Expeditions: An Early Biography of Muḥammad, by Maʿmar ibn Rāshid (2015) The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of al-Shāfiʿī’s Risālah, by al-Shāfiʿī (2015) The Epistle of Forgiveness, by Abū l-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī (2016) The Principles of Sufism, by ʿĀʾishah al-Bāʿūniyyah (2016) A Treasury of Virtues: Sayings, Sermons, and Teachings of ʿAlī, by al-Qāḍī al-Quḍāʿī, with the One Hundred Proverbs attributed to al-Jāḥiẓ (2016) The Life of Ibn Ḥanbal, by Ibn al-Jawzī (2016) Mission to the Volga, by Ibn Faḍlān (2017) Accounts of China and India, by Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī (2017) A Hundred and One Nights (2017) Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad, by Ibn al-Sāʿī (2017) Disagreements of the Jurists: A Manual of Islamic Legal Theory, by al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān (2017) What ʿĪsā ibn Hishām Told Us, by Muḥammad al-Muwayliḥī (2018) War Songs, by ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād (2018) The Life and Times of Abū Tammām, by Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī (2018) The Sword of Ambition, by ʿUthmān ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nābulusī (2019) Brains Confounded by the Ode of Abū Shādūf Expounded: Volume One, by Yūsuf al-Shirbīnī (2019) Brains Confounded by the Ode of Abū Shādūf Expounded: Volume Two, by Yūsuf al-Shirbīnī and Risible Rhymes, by Muḥammad ibn Maḥfūẓ al-Sanhūrī (2019) The Excellence of the Arabs, by Ibn Qutaybah (2019)
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Titles Published by the Library of Arabic Literature
Light in the Heavens: Sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad, by al-Qāḍī al-Quḍāʿī (2019) Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook (2020) Arabian Satire: Poetry from 18th-Century Najd, by Ḥmēdān al-Shwēʿir (2020) In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People, by Muḥammad al-Tūnisī (2020) Arabian Romantic, by ʿAbdallāh ibn Sbayyil (2020) The Philosopher Reponds, by Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī and Abū ʿAlī Miskawayh (2021)
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About the Editor
Johannes Stephan earned his Ph.D. at the University of Bern. Currently, he holds a postdoc in the ERC project Kalīlah and Dimnah—AnonymClassic at the Freie Universität Berlin, scrutinizing the early Arabic reception (eighth to thirteenth centuries) of the Book of Kalīlah wa-Dimnah and elaborating on the concepts of narrative framing and fictionality. His forthcoming monograph, Vergegenwärtigendes Erzählen: Das Reisebuch (1764) des tausendundeine-NachtErzählers Ḥannā Diyāb im Rahmen einer inklusiven arabischen Literaturgeschichte, analyzes and contextualizes the literariness of Diyāb’s Book of Travels.
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About the Translator
Elias Muhanna is Associate Professor of Comparative Literature and History at Brown University. He is the author of The World in a Book: al-Nuwayri and the Islamic Encyclopedic Tradition and translator of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Nuwayrī’s fourteenth-century encyclopedia, The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition.
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