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English Pages 617 Year 2014
Tellings from Our Elders Volume 1: Snohomish Texts
Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology
FIRST NATIONS LANGUAGES The First Nations languages of the world, many of which are renowned for the complexity and richness of their linguistic structure, embody the cumulative cultural knowledge of Aboriginal peoples. This vital linguistic heritage is currently under severe threat of extinction. This series is dedicated to the linguistic study of these languages. Patricia A. Shaw, a member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia and director of the First Nations Languages Program, is general editor of the series. The other volumes in the series are: The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax Jan van Eijk Musqueam Reference Grammar Wayne Suttles When I Was Small – I Wan Kwikws: A Grammatical Analysis of St’át’imc Oral Narratives Lisa Matthewson Witsuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Sharon Hargus Making Wawa: The Genesis of Chinook Jargon George Lang A Tsilhqút’ín Grammar Eung-Do Cook
Tellings from Our Elders: Lushootseed syəyəhub Volume 1: Snohomish Texts as told by Martha Williams Lamont, Elizabeth Charles Krise, Edward Sam, and Agnes Jules James David Beck and Thom Hess
© UBC Press 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright, www.accesscopyright.ca. The stories, as told by Martha Lamont, Elizabeth Krise, Edward (Hagan) Sam, and Agnes James, and as they appear in this book, are reproduced with the permission of the Tulalip Tribes, who are the guardians and holders of the Native copyright and cultural heritage rights. They may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission from the Tulalip Tribes. 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free.
ISBN 9780774823579 Cataloguing-in-publication data for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada.
UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada (through the Canada Book Fund), the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
UBC Press The University of British Columbia 2029 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 604-822-5959 / Fax: 604-822-6083 www.ubcpress.ca
This book is for the Elders – Elder speakers and Elder linguists – in the hope that they will live on in the hearts of the younger.
Contents
Foreword / ix The Tulalip Tribes Lushootseed Department Abbreviations and Symbols / xii Introduction / 1 Language / 2 Texts / 3 Transcription and analysis / 5 Transcription practices / 9 Presentation / 16 Acknowledgments / 27 1
Martha Williams Lamont / 29 Pheasant and Raven / 32 The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife / 73 Changer / 199 Owl Lives There / 237 Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron / 263 Crow Is Sick (First Telling) / 297 Crow Is Sick (Second Telling) / 310 Basket Ogress / 323 Mink and Tutyika (First Telling) / 356 Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling) / 370 Coyote and His Daughter / 408 Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives / 447
viii
Contents
2
Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise / 513 Lady Louse / 516 First Version / 516 Second Version / 517
3
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam / 519 Black Bear and Ant / 522 Black Bear and Fish Hawk / 534 Coyote and the Big Rock / 547 Mink and Tutyika / 558
4
lalacut Agnes Jules James / 567 Basket Ogress / 570
Glossary of Terms / 591 References / 599
Foreword
The Lushootseed word syəhub, which has been used to refer to the texts in this volume, is often translated into English as “traditional story.” As we continue to speak, write, and think in English about these written texts, we shorten “traditional story” to “story,” a word that results in the blending of our concept of syəhub with an English-language concept that can refer to everything from a spontaneous lie to an art narrative composed in writing by a sole author and published as a fixed text. “Traditional story” is an ineffective rendition because it fails to address the basic characteristics of syəhub, which is an oral tradition; and it is a dangerous rendition because it serves to dilute our awareness of those characteristics. As we are taught, the syəhub is a cumulative unwritten tradition, not any one realization of it. It is also a cloud of possibilities with a particular but unstable centre around a group of potentialities remembered and forgotten, realized and unrealized, constantly changing, known only fragmentarily by any one person or any one tribe or at any one time. It is a gyre of motifs, rhetorical strategies, characters, plots, teachings, commentary, names, formulas, places, histories, customs, songs, specialized knowledge, and much else. The syəhub contains private property but also regional borrowings, as well as overlaps with every other oral tradition in the world. However, every realization of a syəhub tradition is culturally and individually specific. When we come to the task of talking about heritage rights and the tribal duty of heritage guardianship as these apply to a syəhub tradition, we find that there are no English-language resources available that do not distort what we need to say. This is due in part to the fact that English-language discourse about rights and the legal protection of rights to oral narrative has yet to
x
Foreword
develop concepts of heritage and oral tradition. What we can do, however, is state as a basic principle that, whether it is done by tribal members or nontribal members, all work that makes use of our traditions should be done in such a way as to benefit the people of Tulalip. When we are talking about the syəhub tradition and traditional oratory, “benefit” means specifically to be of help to our work in the revitalization of our language and oral traditions. Our tribal duty of heritage guardianship involves the assertion of protocols to ensure that our traditions are not misconstrued or decontextualized. syəyəhub do not exist for the purpose of teaching reading skills or for the purpose of linguistic analysis. For people who work with our syəhub tradition, no matter what kind of work they are doing, it is vital that syəyəhub continue to serve the purposes for which they have come into existence. The most important of these purposes is to ensure the survival of those who hear them. Research and curriculum development are not tasks that in themselves permit syəhub to do its work. It is not that we do not want these tasks to be done (we do them ourselves); it is that the research or curriculum “use” of the tradition must not stop with that “use,” which is so far short of allowing syəyəhub to work. Otherwise, the “use” of the tradition is like girdling the cedar tree from which you are taking bark: you kill it in the course of your work. Here are some examples of deeds that we hope our assertion of heritage guardianship will prevent in the future: the context-shorn, reductive translation of our stories so that they lose their ability to save lives; the use of such translations in classrooms at all, but especially in classrooms serving Native students; the exclusive use of translations in the classroom; the exclusive reliance on written texts in cross-cultural work involving our traditions; the mining of transcribed texts of our oral tradition for data of various kinds, with no respect for the life-giving nature of the traditions; and the failure of outsiders to share with the Tribe the fruits of their study of our traditions. As the present volume was being prepared, Professor Beck entered into an agreement with the Tulalip Tribes that will prolong the relationship of many decades between the Tribes and Professor Thom Hess, a relationship involving the mutual exchange of information and assistance. UBC Press has offered the Tribes the opportunity to expand on the work of this volume in a way that will involve our tribal membership and aid us in the work of caring
Foreword
xi
for our language. We welcome these prospects of further work with both Professor Beck and the Press.
The Tulalip Tribes Lushootseed Department
Abbreviations and Symbols
[]
grammatical amendment
CONT
continuous
()
phonological/contextual
COORD
coordinative
()
additional information
‿
two-part lexical item
= –
CSMD
causative middle
CTD
contained
DAT
dative applicative
DC
diminished control
clitic boundary
DIM.EFF
diminished effectiveness
affix boundary
DIST
distal
•
lexical suffix boundary
DMA
demonstrative adverbial
♪
line from a song
DSD
desiderative
ˑ
rhetorical lengthening
DSTR
distributive
1, 2, 3
first, second, third person
ECS
external causative
ABS
absent
FEM
feminine
ACT
activity
FOC
focus
ADD
additive
HAB
habitual
ADNM
adjunctive nominalizer
HMN
human
ALTV
allative applicative
ICS
internal causative
ATTN
attenuative
IMP
imperative
AUTO
autonomous
INCH
inchoative
CLS
classifier
INSTR
instrumental
CNN
connective
INT
interrogative
CNTRFG
centrifugal
INTJ
interjection
CNTRPT
centripetal
INTNS
intensivity
COLL
collective
IRR
irrealis
CONJ
conjunction
MAP
middle applicative
ellision (in text) (in glosses)
Abbreviations and Symbols
xiii
middle
PRTV
partitive
NEG
negative
PTCL
particle
NEGP
negative proclitic
QTV
quotative
MD
NM
nominalizer
RCP
reciprocal
NP
nominalizing prefix
RDP
reduplication
NSPEC
non-specific
REFL
reflexive
OBJ
object
REM
remote/hypothetical
PASS
passive
RLNL
relational
PFV
perfective
SBJ
subjunctive
PL
plural
SBRD
subordinate
PO
possessive
SCONJ
sentential conjunction
PR
preposition
SG
singular
PRLV
prolative
SPEC
specific
PROC
proclivitive
SS
secondary suffix
PROG
progressive
STAT
stative
PROP
propriative
SUB
subject
PROX
proximal
UNQ
unique
PRPV
purposive
Tellings from Our Elders Volume 1: Snohomish Texts
Introduction
A key element of the documentation, preservation, and potential revitalization of severely endangered languages is the compilation of transcribed and analyzed texts in the language that can serve as resources for language programs, community activists, and speakers or speaker-descendants; such texts are also essential tools for academic linguists doing research beneficial to the speech community itself, as well as to the larger goals of typological and theoretical studies in linguistics. One particularly important and wellrepresented genre of indigenous language text is the traditional story, a genre favoured by linguists, especially in North America and in the Pacific Northwest, since the times of Franz Boas. Such texts provide repositories of important cultural knowledge, specialized vocabulary and grammatical structures, and patterns of narrative stylistics and discourse that make them especially rich sources of linguistic data and of very high value to speakerdescendant communities. In the case of Lushootseed, a great many traditional stories, or syəyəhub, have been recorded and transcribed, largely through the efforts of the late Thom Hess and Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, and several collections of stories with line-by-line translations have been produced (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006; Hilbert 1995a, 1995b; Bierwert 1996) – but to date only two fully analyzed texts have been published (Hilbert and Hess 1977; Beck and Hess 2010). Thus, ironically, although Lushootseed is one of the better-documented languages of the Salishan family in terms of the amount of recorded and transcribed material available, this material remains in fairly inaccessible form from the perspective of those seeking insight, whether for pedagogical or academic purposes, into the structure and logic of the language itself. The purpose of these volumes is to rectify this situation to some extent by offering
2
Introduction
a collection of traditional narratives accompanied by full analysis, translation, and interlinear glosses, beginning here with stories told in the Snohomish dialect of Lushootseed. It is hoped that this collection will serve the purposes of linguists and other scholars, advanced learners, and teachers of the language, and will become an important part of the documentary record of the Lushootseed language as it was spoken by the final generation of Elders who spoke it as an exclusive mother tongue. Language Lushootseed (dəxʷləšucid, also known as Puget Salish or Skagit-Nisqually) is the name given to the language of the indigenous peoples living in the Puget Sound basin, along the lower stretches of the Skagit and Samish River systems, on Whidbey Island, and in the eastern half of Fidalgo Island in northwest Washington State (Bates et al. 1994). Along with Twana, it forms the Southern branch of the Central Salish division of the Salishan language family (Kiyosawa and Gerdts 2010). The different varieties of the language constitute a dialect continuum, generally divided by linguists into two groups, Northern and Southern (Hess 1977), based on differences in lexical stresspatterns and the distribution of certain vocabulary and grammatical elements. The Southern varieties include Duwamish, Nisqually, Puyallup, Sahewamish, Skykomish, Snoqualamie, Squaxin, Suquamish, and Whulshootseed (Muckleshoot), while the Northern division encompasses Sauk-Suiattle, Skagit, Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Swinomish, and Upper Skagit. Although these divisions reflect the current situation in terms of recorded and extant speech varieties, in earlier times, before disruption by European contact and the redistribution of the population to reserves, dialectal differences could be used to identify individual villages and households (Bates et al. 1994). Currently, Lushootseed is the first language of probably fewer than a dozen Elders, although some varieties are being maintained as heritage languages through energetic revitalization programs. Snohomish (shudubš) is the southernmost member of the Northern dialect group, currently spoken on and around the Tulalip Reservation, although the dialect name originally applied to a variety spoken further up the Snohomish River (Bates et al. 1994). While it is the native language of no more than a handful of remaining Elders in their seventies and eighties, Snohomish has been at the centre of serious revitalization efforts and currently
Introduction
3
has several fluent speakers who learned the language as adults, as well as many others of varying degrees of proficiency in the spoken and (now) written language. Of the Lushootseed varieties, Snohomish is one of the most familiar. Snohomish materials constitute a substantial portion of the recordings of native Northwest languages made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s, and the Snohomish dialect was the focus of extensive research by Thom Hess, who began recording and working with Elders at Tulalip in the 1960s. In particular, Snohomish is the source of material for the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and vocabulary from Snohomish Elders and recorded Snohomish stories figures prominently in the Dictionary of Puget Salish (Hess 1976) and the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994). This volume presents eighteen Snohomish tales from among the recordings in the Hess and Metcalf Collections. Texts The stories in this volume are all traditional tales, or syəyəhub, told by four Tulalip Elders: Mrs. Martha Lamont, Mr. Edward (Hagan) Sam, Mrs. Elizabeth Krise, and Mrs. Agnes James. Four of the stories (“Crow Is Sick: First Telling,” “Mink and Tutyika: First telling,” “Coyote and His Daughter,” and “Basket Ogress” told by Mrs. Lamont, and “Basket Ogress” told by Mrs. James) come from recordings made by Leon Metcalf in the 1950s; the remainder were recorded in the following decade by Thom Hess. Three of the stories included in this volume (“Mink and Tutyika: Second Telling” and “Crow Is Sick: Second Telling” by Mrs. Lamont, and “Mink and Tutyika” as told by Mr. Sam) are versions of stories first heard on the Metcalf tapes but reprised for Hess’ recordings in the 1960s. The volume also contains two separate versions of the Basket Ogress story, one told by Mrs. Lamont and the other by Mrs. James, both recorded by Leon Metcalf. The stories included here are selections made initially by Thom Hess for use in preparing lexicographical and pedagogical materials, and represent the most narratively complete and accessible Snohomish syəhub in the Hess and Metcalf collections. Twelve have been previously published in the three volumes of the Lushootseed Reader (Hess 1995, 1998, 2006), and, of these, three – Mrs. Lamont’s tellings of the Changer story, “The Brothers of Pheasant’s wife” (also known as “The Story of the Seal Hunters”), and the second telling of “Crow Is Sick” – have also appeared in slightly different
4
Introduction
form in Bierwert 1996, an excellent volume dedicated to the analysis of Lushootseed narrative aesthetics. The remaining six stories – two tellings of the story of “Mink and Tutyika” by Mrs. Lamont, a telling of the nursery-tale “Lady Louse” by Mrs. Krise, and two tellings of the Basket Ogress story, one by Mrs. Lamont and the other by Mrs. James – are hitherto unpublished, although a redacted version of “Lady Louse” has been used extensively in pedagogical materials and appears in Hilbert 1996. All of the texts recorded by Hess were initially transcribed by hand with the assistance of an Elder. In the case of the stories told by Mrs. Lamont, transcription was done for the most part with her husband, Mr. Levi Lamont, often in Mrs. Lamont’s presence, though some assistance was also offered by Mrs. Louise George. Mrs. George also assisted with the transcriptions of Mr. Sam’s stories, as did Mr. Sam himself. Mrs. Krise assisted in the transcription of “Lady Louse.” During the transcription process, the connected narrative was broken down into lines corresponding roughly to syntactic units, words, and phrases in ways that seemed intuitive to Hess and the Elders at the time. This was done on a largely informal basis, and the results are particular to each individual story, depending no doubt on the style of the telling, the inclinations of the Elders working with Hess on the transcription, and just how large a chunk of material Hess felt he could cope with in any one instance. These original line breaks have largely been preserved, although some minor adjustments have been made over the years and are reflected in the texts presented in this volume.1 The recordings made by Leon Metcalf were all transcribed in the first place by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, who took upon herself the monumental task of listening to, copying down, and translating the many reels in this collection. These transcriptions and Mrs. Hilbert’s translations were then gone over with Hess, corrected and adjusted, and finally passed into clean typescript. Many of the texts from both sets of recordings, Metcalf’s and Hess’, were then entered into a computer, most of them by Hess and a few by Beck. Hess’ original files were created in an ancient DOS-based word processor and later converted by Beck into a more modern format and incorporated into an analytical database that was then used to parse and produce the interlinearizations of the texts presented below. __________ 1
For an illustrative discussion of a reallocation of line breaks based on phonetic considerations, see Beck and Bennett 2007.
Introduction
5
Transcription and analysis The transcriptions of the stories in this volume differ in some ways from earlier published versions. Most notable are revisions made on relistening to the tapes and comparing the recordings directly with existing transcripts. As an example, consider line 129 of the text “Little Diver Is Wife of Heron,” told by Mrs. Lamont, as it is given in the third volume of the Lushootseed Readers (Hess 2006, 17, line 129): 1
hay gʷəl (h)uy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə ti acəc cədi ʷu ʷəy
alalš s ti i i
divers, stab əw’ə
’ət
i tsi ə gət
ista b ti acəc ista b, stab kʷi sda s al kʷi, ti i stəb,
swuqʷad i əwawq’ sə sa li ti i brothers dəxʷsqatəd ə
tsi ə cədi . ‘And then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver – her brothers that, uh, What are the names of those? uh, uh – Loon and Big Diver, the two brothers of this one.’ (Hess 2006, 17, line 129; translation on page 244)
This same stretch of text appears in the present volume as follows: 2
hay gʷəl (h)uy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə tsi ə gət ʷu ʷəy hay
gʷəl
huy
cut=axʷ
ti acəc
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
UNQ
ə PR
tsi ə
gət
PROX:FEM
guy Little.Diver
al–alš
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
PL–cross.sex.sibling
ʷu ʷəy
‘And then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver.’ 3
alalš ti i i
ista b ti acəc ista b ...
al–alš–s
ti i i
PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
PL–DIST
ista b be.like
ti acəc UNQ
ista b be.like
‘Those who are like her older brothers, the very ones who are like ...’ 4
stab kʷi sda atəb əlgʷə stab
kʷi
s=da a–t–b=s
əlgʷə
what
REM
NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘What are their names?’ 5
ə ayu Levi Lamont: ‘??’
6
6
Introduction
No ti i stab ti i stab divers ... no ti i
stab
ti i
stab
no
what
DIST
what divers
DIST
divers
Martha Lamont: ‘No, something, something, divers ...’ 7
stab əw’ə ... swuqʷad stab
əw’ə
swuqʷad
what
PTCL
loon
‘What is it? Loon!’ 8
i swuqʷad i əwawq’ əwawq’ i CONJ
swuqʷad loon
i CONJ
əwawq’
əwawq’
Big.Diver Big.Diver
‘Loon and Big Diver, Big Diver.’ 9
sə sa li ti i brothers ə tsi ə cədi səsa li
ti i
brothers
ə
two:HMN
DIST
brothers PR
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘She has two brothers.’ Little Diver is wife of Heron, lines 137-44]
The extensive differences between the transcriptions have two sources. One is, of course, careful relistening with the aid of modern equipment for slowing down or enhancing audio recordings. This particular part of the recording of “Little Diver” is difficult to follow because it contains a number of false starts and hesitations, and the recording is muffled as Mrs. Lamont directs some of her speech at her husband rather than into the microphone. This off-task exchange between Mr. and Mrs. Lamont is the second source of the discrepancies between the two versions of the text. In keeping with the intention of presenting the stories as monologues and maintaining their narrative continuity, Mrs. Lamont’s asides and her question to her husband are backgrounded (given in angle brackets to indicate false starts and misspeaking) in the Reader, and Mr. Lamont’s reply to the question is left out completely.2 __________ 2
Note that this volume and the Readers do concur in the treatment of the first block of material enclosed in angle brackets in (1), which is clearly a misspeaking as it says, incorrectly, that the relatives being introduced were Kingfisher’s (č’ət ). Mrs. Lamont corrects herself immediately, clarifying that they were, in fact, relatives of Little Diver ( ʷuʔ ʷəyʔ). Where misspeakings of this type are retained in angle brackets in the Readers, they are generally excluded from the texts in this volume (see below for further discussion).
Introduction
7
From the point of view of the story itself, much of this can be seen as an interruption; from a linguistic point of view, however, this is extremely valuable data, a conversational exchange, of a type that is very rare for this group of Elders. Although this particular stretch of text is probably the most extensive revision in this volume, there are a few other places where material heard in the recordings but excluded from the transcriptions in the Readers has been reincorporated into the versions of the stories presented here. A second type of change in the transcriptions stems from grammatical reanalysis and minor reinterpretations of forms and structures based on a deepening knowledge of Lushootseed grammar. An example of this kind of revision can be seen in the comparison of the different transcriptions of the following lines from Mrs. Lamont’s “The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife”: 10
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ tə a(h) as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
tə NSPEC
ah be.there
‘ “You are fine there.” ’ (Hess 2006, 49, line 190) 11
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ ta a as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ta a DIST:UNQ.DMA
‘ “You are fine there.” ’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 190]
The sentence in (10) is the line from the version of this text published in the third Lushootseed Reader (Hess 2006), interlinearized as it would have appeared in this volume; (11) is the same line as it appears below. The difference lies in the transcription of the last words in the sentence, originally transcribed as tə ʔa(h) ‘something that is there’ and reanalyzed here as the unique distal demonstrative adverb taʔaʔ ‘over there’. Semantically, the original expression seems not to fit the translation very well, while syntactically it takes the form of a direct argument that seems not to be part of the normal valency of the main verb, ƛ’ubil ‘be fine’. While the original interpretation of the phrase was probably as an adverbial adjunct, the use of the non-specific determiner does not match the translation well, and an adjunct of this type would normally be nominalized and/or be introduced by a preposition. Careful relistening and analysis with the aid of phonetics software (Praat . ) reveals the actual word on tape to be ta a ], the laryngealized mid-
8
Introduction
portion of the vowel being a logical realization of an intervocalic glottal stop in rapid speech. All in all there are very few changes of this type, and such alterations to the text were made only when, as in the preceding example, they were fully supported by the phonological, syntactic, and semantic evidence. Another source of discrepancy between the transcriptions presented here and those found in the Readers is the treatment of lexical items, phrases, and sentences spoken in English, many of which are left out of earlier transcriptions. For example, the following line appears in the third volume of the Readers as it is given in (12), but appears in this volume as given in (13): 12 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə
i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə mi man’ ’a ’as
‘She and Owl have a little boy.’ (Hess 2006, 3, line 10) 13 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə
i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə baby mi man’ ’a ’as
bəda –b=axʷ
əlgʷə
offspring–MD=now
PL
mi –man’ ATTN–small
i CONJ
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PROX
owl
ə PR
ti ə
baby
PROX
baby
’a ’as child
‘She and Owl have a little baby boy.’ Owl Lives There, line 10]
While English is not consistently expunged from the texts in the Readers, there are many cases where it is heard on tape but is either not included in the transcription or given in angle brackets. The removal of English material from the text might have originally been motivated by a desire for a “pure” Lushootseed, as closely as possible approximating what might have been heard from monolingual speakers of an older generation. This somewhat artificial practice has been set aside here in the recognition that code switching, code mixing, and other effects of language contact are inevitable and are, in and of themselves, a legitimate area of inquiry that these texts may shed some small light on. English words are given in the transcription lines in italics and, when incorporated into Lushootseed sentences, are glossed like any other element of the sentence, as shown above in (13). When entire sentences are spoken in English, these are numbered in sequence and given in italics, but are not provided with glosses.
Introduction
9
Transcription practices Over and above clear discrepancies between the versions of stories given here and those presented in earlier publications, there are differences between the practices and conventions employed in presenting transcriptions in this volume and those employed in the Lushootseed Readers. One of these is the omission of parentheses used in the Readers to present “unpronounced” phonological material, a practice put into place as an aid for students using the Readers to study Lushootseed grammar. In many cases, such as that in (14) below, this material is added based on morphological considerations, but does not reflect genuine pronunciation of Lushootseed words and phrases: 14
əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷəd(d)xʷs tsi i bəda s ‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ (Hess 1998, 95, line 133)
In this sentence, the extra “d” is added to help the student see that the word kʷədxʷ is composed of the radical kʷəd(a)- ‘taken’ and the diminished control suffix -dxʷ.3 The same line is presented in this volume as: 15
əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tsi i bəda s as– al STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
tsi i
bəda –s
REM
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO
DIST:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ Coyote and His Daughter, line 133]
This transcription reproduces the line as spoken on tape more faithfully. The analysis of the word is recoverable from the interlinear gloss, and comparison of the two lines provides information about the morphophonemics and phonotactics of the language. Similarly, the Readers provide full forms of the temporal and modal clitics – ɬu= ‘irrealis’, tu= ‘past’, ƛ’u= ‘habitual’, bə= ‘additive’, and gʷə= ‘subjunctive’ – in environments where the full forms are never pronounced: 16
ʷul’ əd ɬulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ɬ(u)ads ə txʷ ɬ(u)ads ild əlgʷə ‘I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ (Hess 1998, 58, line 56)
__________ 3
In this particular case, the radical kʷəda- ‘taken’ is one of a set of Lushootseed radicals with a final vowel that surfaces only in certain contexts (cf. the transitive form kʷədad ‘take sth’). This vowel is included in the second line of analysis in (15) as part of the “full” or underlying form of the radical.
10
Introduction
In normal speech, the sequence of vowels created by joining ɬu= and ad= in (16) is simplified to /a/, as shown in the same line as presented in this volume: 17
ʷul’ əd ɬulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ɬads ə txʷ ɬads ild əlgʷə ʷul’ only
əd 1SG.SUB
u=lə= u ʷ–txʷ IRR=PROG=go–ECS
ti ə PROX
u=ad=s= ə –txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.fed–ECS
əlgʷə
u=ad=s= il–t IRR=2SG.PO=NM=give.food–ICS
PL
‘I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ Crow Is Sick: First Telling, line 57]
This reduction is absolutely consistent in all the recordings, and so the elided phonological material (the vowel of the modal clitic) is not presented as part of the transcription, though it is recoverable from the full form of the clitic as given in the interlinear gloss. There is, however, one environment in which the phonological material in parentheses included in the Readers is also included in this volume, even though it is not heard in the recordings. This is where phonological juncture has taken place in rapid speech between two words that, in careful speech, would be pronounced as two completely separate items, with the potential for pauses between them or for the presence of intervening words in slightly different syntactic contexts. An example of this can be seen in (18): 18
əs ə itxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ STAT–what.happen–ECS
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
sixʷ
tsi
ad–bəda
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–offspring
‘What have you done to your daughter?’ (Hess 1998, 99, line 230; Coyote and His Daughter, line 234)
Instead of the full form of the noun phrase tsi adbədaʔ ‘your daughter’, what is heard in the recording here is tsadbəda , the feminine determiner tsi being reduced to /ts/ and pronounced as part of the following word. The full form of words pronounced in this way is maintained in the transcription in the interests of clarity in the syntactic analysis, and in recognition of the fact that the reduction of these forms is not absolutely consistent and is particular to rate of speech and specific prosodic environments.
Introduction
11
Unlike parentheses, which are not to be interpreted as “corrections” of the text, the square brackets used both here and in the Lushootseed Readers indicate grammatical amendments to the spoken line. These are used to provide either: (1) missing grammatical markers or syntactic elements, the majority of which were added on the advice of the Elder working on the original transcription; or (2) repairs of words that were mispronounced due to slips of the tongue or extremely rapid speech. An example of the first type of amendment can be seen in (19): 19 cick’ʷəxʷ əsdukʷtxʷ ti ə bad s cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now
as–dukʷu–txʷ STAT–abnormal–ECS
ti ə
bad–s
PROX
father–3PO
‘She is very angry with her father.’ (Hess 1998, 99, line 223; Coyote and His Daughter, line 227)
Here the source of the amendment is the meaning of the sentence, which (along with the context) makes it clear that the woman being discussed is angry with her own father (Coyote), hence the addition of the possessive suffix. Other (fewer) editorial amendments are motivated by purely grammatical considerations: 20
əbil’ əxʷ ušudxʷ ti i uləgʷa ʷ u s əƛ’cbicids ti i s ə ə təd əbil’
əxʷ
perhaps 2SG.SUB
u=šu –dxʷ
ti i
IRR=see–DC
DIST
u=s= əƛ’–c–bicid=s IRR=NM=come–ALTV–2SG.OBJ=3PO
u=lə=gʷa ʷ IRR=PROG=walk
ti i
s ə ə təd
DIST
in.law
‘Perhaps you will see some who will be travelling, those brothers of my wife will come after you.’ (Hess 2006, 49, line 180; The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 180)
In (20) we see two amendments. The first is the addition of the nominalizing clitic s= to the word ɬu[s]ʔəƛ’cbicids ‘their future coming after you’. This is motivated both by the syntax of the sentence (the nominalization of the clause is an indicator of subordination) and by the fact that the word itself bears the third-person possessive enclitic =s, which marks agreement with a subject (the in-laws) only for nominalized verbs. The second amendment, the addition of the determiner tiʔiɬ, was made following the principle that nouns in argument
12
Introduction
position (in this case, the subject/possessor of the nominalized clause) consistently require a determiner. Such amendments are marked in this volume both to alert readers to discrepancies with what is heard in the recordings, and, of course, to leave open the possibility that the utterances as spoken were in fact correct sentences following grammatical patterns that have yet to be understood. The second motivation for adding material in brackets was mispronunciation, generally in the context of rapid speech, as in (21): 21 huˑy qʷib icut əxʷ ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then the people get ready.’ (Hess 1998, 101, line 272; Coyote and His Daughter, line 276)
Here the word heard in the recording is qʷibəxʷ , whereas the transcribers recognized the form as the word qʷibicut ‘prepare oneself’ and offered the full form by way of correction.4 In principle, these slips of the tongue are different from the regular, context-sensitive reductions discussed earlier, although in practice there are many subtler cases where judgments would have had to have been made on the part of the transcribers as to what constitutes an error and what is simply normal phonological variation or reduction.5 It should be noted that in all three cases presented here, the amendments were made on the advice of the Elders working on the original transcriptions, as were the majority of amendments to the texts presented below, which are also found in other published versions of the same texts. In a very few (and only in absolutely uncontroversial) cases, further amendments have been added to transcriptions as part of the preparation of this volume. __________ 4
It is possible that in this case the line as spoken was, strictly speaking, grammatical, as the bare radical qʷib ‘be ready’ is found used in sentences in the Lushootseed Dictionary – in which case, the gloss of the sentence would be ‘the people were ready’ and the amendment might have been made based on stylistic rather than grammatical considerations; however, the examples in the dictionary all have the stative aspectual prefix on them, and it is not known at this time whether the radical without this prefix would be acceptable in this context. 5 There are, in fact, some inconsistencies in the Lushootseed Readers as to what is treated as predictable phonological variation and what is treated as an editorial amendment, with the same thing in one instance being given in parentheses and in another in square brackets. This has been standardized for the texts in this volume, following the principles outlined above.
Introduction
13
There are some few instances where editorial amendments found in the Readers are not maintained in present volume, which instead presents the lines as they are actually spoken on tape. This is done only in those cases where the original structure heard in the recording is well attested in other parts of the corpus (an example of this is seen in [25] below) and/or where the amendment is clearly inconsistent with the intended meaning of the sentence (as judged by the glosses). The only frequent example of this practice is removal of aspect markers, particularly the perfective aspect marker, added to many verbs in the versions of the texts found in the Readers. Most of these appear to have been added for stylistic, rather than grammatical, reasons, and this particular series of emendations seems to have been carried out at a later stage of editing, rather than in consultation with Elders during the transcription process. Brackets in this volume are also used to a limited extent where a misspeaking has led to a contradictory or potentially confusing statement due to an error in lexical choice. This occurs, for example, in one or two places in Mrs. Lamont’s telling of “Little Diver Was the Wife of Heron,” as shown in (22): 22 gʷəl a əlal’ gʷətukʷədubəs tə cədi gʷəl
a əlal’
SCONJ
almost.caught
’ət ]
gʷə=tu=kʷəda–dxʷ–b=as
tə
cədi
SBJ=PAST=taken–DC–PASS=3SBRD
NSPEC
s/he
’ət kingfisher ‘And Kingfisher was almost caught.’ Little Diver is the Wife of Heron, line 224]
The final word in this sentence as spoken on tape is sbəq’ʷaʔ ‘heron’; however, in the context of the story, it is clearly Kingfisher who was almost caught, and nearly killed, by Heron. Because this is a confusion between two major characters in the story, a correction was felt to be in order. In the Readers, the corrected version of the sentence is given and the change is acknowledged in a footnote, but the altered lexical item is not marked as such in the text; here, the correction is treated as an editorial amendment. In other contexts, however, where potential confusion affecting the comprehension of the story is not at stake, similar misspeaking are not corrected. Consider (2 ), from the story “Owl Lives There”:
14
Introduction
23 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc qaw’qs huyəxʷ … qaw’qs … huy
šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
see–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
huy=axʷ
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
SCONJ=now
raven
‘Then Raven, well now, she is seen by Raven ...’ Owl Lives There, line 54]
Here the storyteller, Mrs. Lamont, makes reference to Raven, who is not a character in the story at all – instead, what she meant to say instead of qaw’qs was təkʷtəkʷəlus ‘owl’. This clear enough from context, and the fact that Raven is not otherwise present in the story removes the possibility of serious misunderstanding. It should be noted that in the third volume of the Readers, where this text appears (Hess 2006, 5, line 51), the error is simply corrected without acknowledgment. Another departure from earlier transcription practices is the exclusion of false starts, hesitations, and misspeaking (as judged either at the time of transcription by the native-speaker collaborator, or later on by Hess in finalizing the transcriptions). While this material is included in the transcriptions used in the Lushootseed Readers, enclosed in angle brackets, in order to assist students in following the recordings that accompany these books, it was decided here (not without hesitation) to simply set this material aside. As an example, compare the sentence in (24), taken from the third volume of the Lushootseed Readers, with the same sentence (25) as presented below: 24 gʷəl ləc’yitəb
ə ti ə
ə ti ə
st’q’šəb
st’q’ʷalšəds
kʷi s əšəls,
ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps ‘And this one stepped on her dangling tumpline [which] she had around her waist.’ (Hess 2006, 33, line 269, translation page 256) 25 gʷəl ləc’yitəb ə ti ə st’q’ʷalšəds s əšəls ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps gʷəl
ə
ləc’–yi–t–b
SCONJ
come.down.on–DAT–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
st’q’ʷalšəd–s
PROX
tumpline–3PO
s= as–šəl=s
ƛ’u=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap=s
NM=STAT–dangling=3PO
HAB=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom=3PO
‘And her dangling tumpline which she had around her waist is stepped on.’ Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives, line 273]
The first elided element represents a false start, after which the storyteller (Mrs. Lamont) pauses a moment to collect her thoughts before repeating the
Introduction
15
same phrase again and pressing ahead. The second exclusion represents a mispronunciation, which Mrs. Lamont immediately corrects.6 Elements like this have been removed on the premise that the goal of this volume is to present “clean” grammatical structures as the speaker would have wanted to have spoken them. While this may present an idealized, even slightly unrealistic, picture of the spoken language, it is certainly consonant with the treatment accorded English and other languages with more established written forms, as well as representing those aspects of the language of greatest interest from a descriptive and analytic point of view. The excluded material can, of course, be heard in the audio recordings. There is, however, one type of material that is presented in angle brackets in the Readers that is preserved (although without brackets) in the present volume. These are cases such as that in (26), where the storyteller momentarily loses the thread of the story or hesitates while groping for a lexical item: 26 həbu tsi i
əgʷas ə ti ə bəda
həbu
tsi i
əgʷas
pigeon
DIST:FEM
wife
ə PR
tsi acəc
stab
s a hus
UNQ:FEM
what
sawbill
ə ti ə sbiaw i tsi acəc stab s a hus ti ə
bəda
ə
PROX
offspring PR
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
i CONJ
‘Pigeon is the wife of Coyote’s Son and (so) is, what is it?, Sawbill.’ Coyote’s Son Has Two Wives, line 4]
In the version of this sentence given by Hess (2006, 22), the second to last word stab ‘what’ (there, stəb) is enclosed in angle brackets; however, here it is included as part of the sentence because this is a consistent and linguistically relevant use of the word stab, of clear interest to students of the language.
__________ 6
The contrast between (24) and (25) also illustrates a difference in editorial emendation: in both versions, the form heard on tape [əšəls] has been corrected to [səšəls], the presence of the nominalizer s= being required for a verb ending in the third-person possessive =s. In addition, the sentence as given in Hess 2006 adds the remote determiner kʷi, probably for stylistic reasons. However, since modifying clauses of this type without determiners are well attested in the corpus, the added determiner is not strictly necessary for the grammaticality of the clause and is not included in the version of the sentence given in this volume.
16
Introduction
Presentation The analyzed texts are presented here in four-line interlinearized format: 27 tu ʷ əd ƛ’udxʷqʷibalusəb dbəda tu ʷ just
əd 1SG.SUB
transcription
ƛ’u=dxʷ–qʷib•alus–ab
d–bəda
parsing line
HAB=CTD–prepared•eye–DSD
1SG.PO–offspring
analysis line
‘I just want to fix my eye, my son.’
full gloss
The first line presents a transcription of what is considered to be a single line of text based on prosodic and structural criteria (see above). The orthography used is that developed by Thom Hess and currently employed by the Tulalip Tribes and the Tulalip language program, as well as in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994) and most other printed materials. The alphabet, based on Americanist versions of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), employs forty consonant symbols, given in Table 1, and four vowels (a, ə, i, u), three of which have long and short forms (aa, ii, uu). In addition to these symbols, the half-triangular colon, “ˑ”, is used to indicate emphatic or rhetorical lengthening of vowels, a technique used by the storytellers for dramatic effect. Punctuation symbols such as periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation points are not used in the transcription lines. The transcription practices here follow those of Hess, who chose to write words using a broadly morphophonemic transcription system that gives words in a standardized spelling reflective of careful pronunciation, recognizing only those allophonic and allomorphic alternations that are considered sufficiently regular and rate-of-speech independent. Contracted or prosodically reduced forms such as tii for tiʔiɬ ‘that’, cii for cədiɬ ‘s/he’, or stəb for stab ‘what’ are written consistently in their full, citation form. Careful listening will certainly reveal a range of phonological and prosodic effects that cause pronunciations to deviate from standardized forms, but representing these in the written texts runs the risk of sowing confusion and making the words they represent impossible to identify.
Introduction
17
Table 1 Lushootseed consonants
voiceless
Bilabial
Alveolar
p, p’
t, t’
Post-alveolar
stops voiced stops
b, (b’)
voiceless
d c [ts]
Velar
Uvular
k, k’
q, q’
kʷ, k’ʷ
qʷ, q’ʷ
Glottal
g, gʷ tʃ
affricates dᶻ [dz]
voiced
ǰ dʒ
affricates lateral
ƛ’ t ’
affricates voiceless
s
š ʃ
xʷ
fricatives
χ
h
ʷ χʷ
lateral fricative approximants
l, l’
y, [j]
w, w’
y’ j’ nasals
(m), (m’)
(n), (n’)
( ) = rare phoneme or phoneme restricted to stylized speech [ ] = corresponding IPA symbol
This volume also follows Hess in its treatment of the feminine forms of determiners and demonstratives such as tsi, tsiʔəʔ, or tsiʔiɬ. Phonemically, these are (in Lushootseed orthography) /ci/, /ci ə /, and /ci i /, respectively; however, contrast with the non-feminine forms (ti, tiʔəʔ, and tiʔiɬ), and between pairs such as kʷi ‘remote non-feminine’ and kʷsi ‘remote feminine’, reveals the presence of a morpheme -s- ‘feminine’. This is explicitly recognized in the orthography, which represents the initial /c/ phoneme of such
18
Introduction
forms as “ts.” On the other hand, this volume does not continue Hess’ use of the final orthographic “h” with simple CV verbal radicals like ʔah ‘be there’ and qah ‘many’. This became part of standardized Lushootseed spelling in order to maintain a consistent CVC root template, but it is felt that here it might be misleading to those interested in the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the language as represented in these texts. Following the transcription, a line containing a full parsing of the words in the first line into morphological units is presented, using the following conventions: – • = ‿
affix-boundary lexical suffix boundary clitic boundary two-part lexical item
For the purposes of the analysis below, an affix (marked by “–”) is considered a bound element with a grammatical meaning (derivational or inflectional) that is a morphological component of the lexeme or the inflected wordform. Grammatical affixes are treated as distinct from lexical suffixes (marked by “•”), which are bound elements with what are traditionally thought of as more lexical meanings (generally, the translation equivalents of English nouns). Lexical suffixes are a well-known feature of Salishan languages (CzaykowskaHiggins and Kinkade 1998), as well as of other language families of the Pacific Northwest (Kinkade et al. 1998). In Lushootseed, they are often only recognizable in words as fossilized elements, but even in non-compositional uses they are parsed here, whenever possible, for their etymological interest. In contrast to affixes, which are part of the morphological makeup of words, clitics (indicated by “=”) are elements that are phonologically bound to a word but do not necessary make up part of that word’s morphological structure. Lushootseed has, in fact, a very large number of clitics (some of which have been traditionally identified as affixes), but these can be distinguished from true affixes on syntactic grounds, based on (1) their ability to combine with words of a variety of lexical classes, and (2) the fact that their distribution is determined by syntactic rather than morphological criteria. The first of these properties can be seen in (28):
Introduction
19
28 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ ʷul’əxʷ ɬubəš əb ɬup’aƛ’aƛ’ ɬusdukʷ ɬu al tudi ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
a kʷ
ʷul’=axʷ ɬu=bəš əb ɬu=p’aƛ’aƛ’ only=now
ɬu= al
tudi
IRR=at
DIST.DMA
IRR=mink
IRR=worthless
ɬu=s–dukʷu IRR=NP–abnormal
a kʷ seaward
‘You had better be just a mink, a no-account, riff-raff down there by the water.’ [Changer, line 122]
In this example, we see the clitic ɬu= ‘irrealis’ repeated on four consecutive elements belonging to three different parts of speech: two nouns (bəščəb ‘mink’ and sdukʷ ‘riff-raff’), a verb (p’aƛ’aƛ’ ‘be worthless’), and a preposition (ʔal ‘at’). The iteration of the modal clitics seen here is a not-uncommon feature in the narratives below. The second property, the syntactic regulation of clitics, follows in part from their independence from the morphological structure of the words that they attach to phonologically, and results in patterns such as that seen in (29): 29
əs ə id əw’ə tsi ə ad əgʷas də ʷu s ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs as– ə id STAT–what.happen
əw’ə
tsi ə
PTCL
PROX:FEM
u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL
ad– əgʷas
dəxʷ= ʷul’=s
2SG.PO–wife
ADNM=only=3PO
ti ə
qədxʷ–s
PROX
mouth–3PO
‘What is the matter with your wife that her mouth is just moving?’ Owl Lives There, line 23]
This sentence contains a clause, ʷul’ ʔubak’ʷacut tiʔəʔ qədxʷs ‘her mouth is just moving’, subordinated with the nominalizing proclitic dəxʷ=; rather than appearing on the verb (ʔubak’ʷacut ‘be moving quickly’), dəxʷ= appears on the preverbal adverb ʷul’ ‘only’, as does the third-person enclitic =s, which marks subject agreement for nominalized clauses. Lushootseed grammar requires that these two clitics appear on the first full lexical item of the clause, not on the verb whose nominalization or subordination they mark and whose subject they agree with. This shows clearly that the placement of these two elements is sensitive to syntactic, rather than morphological, restrictions. A further point to note here is that clitics of this type, which are consistently left- or right-leaning (and display templatic ordering properties with respect to each other; see Hess 1995 for discussion), are treated differently
20
Introduction
from clitics of another type, sentence-second clitics, which are, in phonological terms, either left- or right-leaning depending on prosodic context (Beck 1999). For example, the first-person subject clitic čəd in (30) is, in phonological terms, an enclitic on the preceding word, whereas in (31) it is a proclitic attached to the word that follows: 30 tuyəcəbtub= əd ə ti i tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b= əd PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS=1SG.SUB
ə
ti i
tu=d–yəl’–yəlab
PR
DIST
PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder
‘I was told by my forebears.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 31
uˑ tu ʷ əd= u ibibəš u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
əd= u– ib–ibəš 1SG.SUB=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel
‘Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 18]
Clitics of this type (which include the matrix-clause subject markers, the interrogative marker, and particles expressing speaker attitude) are written as independent lexical items in standard Lushootseed orthography, and this practice is maintained here for clarity’s sake. The fourth notation used in interlinear analysis is the undertie (‿), which is used to join the two-part lexical item əɬ ti ‘seemingly’ when it appears on the parsing line to make it clear that both words jointly correspond to a single gloss on the analysis line: 32
əɬ
tuqʷiq’ʷa də il
əɬ seemingly
tu=qʷiq’ʷa də il PAST=master.language
‘It seems they had learned their language.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 913]
Although the two elements taken together have a single meaning and they are pronounced as a single phonological word when adjacent, they cannot be treated as a single word, as clitics such as =axʷ ‘now’ can intervene: 33
əɬəxʷ
əst’ugʷud əlgʷə
əɬ=axʷ seemingly=now
as–t’ukʷu–t STAT–measure–ICS
əlgʷə PL
‘It seems they sort of deciphered it.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 466]
Introduction
21
əɬ occurs in one or two instances on its own with the gloss of the whole expression, suggesting that ti is an “empty” element; however, rather than leaving it unglossed (or glossing it redundantly as ‘seemingly’), the undertie has been adopted to mark explicitly the dependency between əɬ and ti. Affixes and clitics that are identified and segmented out in the parsing line are represented in their full or underlying form, rather than in the contextualized form that appears in the transcription line. Thus, for instance, the diminished control suffix -dxʷ in (34) and (35) has two different forms in the transcription lines but a single form in the two parsing lines: 34
iˑldxʷ dxʷ al al als ti ə wiw’su dxʷ– al
il–dxʷ arrive–DC
CNTRPT–at
al al–s house–3PO
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘She manages to get the children to her house.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 61 35 xʷu ələ haw’ə usaxʷəbdubut xʷu ələ
haw’ə
maybe
PTCL
u–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but PFV–jump–DC–REFL
‘I guess he must have managed to run away.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 67
In the first example, the suffix comes at the end of a phonological word and has its basic form, -dxʷ, whereas in (35) it undergoes a regular morphophonological alternation (-dxʷ → -du) when followed by the reflexive suffix, an alternation that is made explicit by maintaining the underlying representation of the suffix in the parsing line. Similar treatment is given to epenthetic segments such as that shown in (36): 36 huy gʷəl q’ʷəl əbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd huy
gʷəl
q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
s ə əd
SCONJ
SCONJ
cooked–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
food
‘Then their food is cooked.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 1
Example (36) illustrates vowel-epenthesis typical of the sequence of suffixes -t ‘internal causative’ + -b ‘passive’. The schwa here, is, strictly speaking, not part of either suffix, nor is it itself a suffix: its only function is to separate the two affixes, and as a meaningless phonological element it is not included in the morphological breakdown of the word. Similarly, the sentence in (37)
22
Introduction
shows the use of the epenthetic /h/ to avoid hiatus (a sequence of vowels, each in its own syllable): 37
ahəxʷ sə a ils s=lə= a –il=s
a=axʷ be.there=now
NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO
‘They are there when it is getting dark.’ Agnes James’ Basket Ogress, line 14
This type of epenthesis can be found throughout the text, though to my knowledge it has not been commented on in the literature, underlining the primary reason for using “full” forms in the morphological analyses: our current understanding of Lushootseed morphophonemics is at best sketchy, and using this type of representation makes explicit the contrasts and alternations that will have to be accounted for in a complete Lushootseed morphophonology. A similar practice is followed with verbal radicals, which can be divided into different classes depending on the forms they take in various contexts. One common class of radical appears in simple CVC form in most contexts but appears in CVCV form in certain others, as shown in (38) and (39):7 38
əs al kʷi ushuys as– al
kʷi
STAT–how
REM
u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO
‘ “How will it be done?’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 863] 39 hay huyutəbəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsəs əba s hay
huyu–t–b=axʷ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
SCONJ
made–ICS–PASS=now
CNTRPT–at
REM
gʷə=s= as– əba =s SBJ=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO
‘So, it was fixed up so that it could be backpacked.’ Pheasant and Raven, line 83]
In the first sentence, the radical huy(u) ‘be made’ appears in its CVC form, while in the second it appears in CVCV form. Because the “extra” vowel in the longer form is unpredictable, the radical is always given in CVCV form in the parsing line (for another example of this, see the footnote on page 9).
__________ 7
Here, “C” means any consonant and “V” means any vowel.
Introduction
23
Another class of verbal radicals varies between CC and CəC forms, depending on the stem in which it appears. One common radical of this class is šq ‘be high’: 40 bəšəqəd bə=šq–t ADD=high–ICS
‘He raises them.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 338] 41 həd iw’əxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tul’šqalatxʷ həd iw’=axʷ
ti ə
bu qʷ
tul’–šq–alatxʷ
indoors=now
PROX
waterfowl
CNTRFG–high–house
‘The Duck People enter the house from the roof.’ The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife, line 790]
For this class of radical, the presence or absence of the schwa (ə) in the word is conditioned by the suffix that follows it – specifically, whether or not there is a stressable (non-schwa) vowel in the suffix: if there is none, the radical appears in CəC form (that is, has an epenthetic schwa); if the suffix has a vowel, the radical appears in CC form.8 This pattern can be understood only if the basic CC form of the radical is given in the parsing line. Because one of the aims of this collection is to represent the full grammatical and morphological structure of the language, the level of analysis presented in the parsing line leans a little more towards etymology than might be useful for native speakers – that is, words are broken down as far as possible into their analyzable constituent morphemes, rather than being broken down only insofar as they are semantically compositional. Thus, for example, dukʷil ‘be supernatural’ is analyzed as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -il ‘inchoative’, dukʷud ‘put a spell on someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -t ‘internal causative’, and dukʷtxʷ ‘get angry at someone’ as dukʷ(u) ‘abnormal’ + -txʷ ‘external causative’. There are two reasons for this choice. The first is that, from a linguist’s perspective, this makes it easy to identify and track the various meanings and uses that the root and the accompanying affixes have in __________ 8
Note that this class of radical is not consistently recognized in the Lushootseed Dictionary (Bates et al. 1994), and several radicals in this class, like šq, are cited in their CəC forms. It should also be noted that the CəC form of some of these radicals appears when combined with a few (but not all) lexical suffixes where the prosodic rule would predict the CC form.
24
Introduction
these texts. The second is that, although the normal place for this kind of etymological analysis of words is in lexicographical materials, the existing dictionaries of Lushootseed (Hess 1976; Bates et al. 1994) are intended for pedagogical purposes and do not always contain explicit analyses of words. In some cases, where over-analysis is judged simply to be too confusing or to reflect completely non-productive derivational processes, morphologically complex words are left unanalyzed. This is particularly true for common nouns that are analyzable but non-compositional, such as q’il’bid ‘canoe’, which is etymologically composed of q’il(i) ‘be aboard vehicle’ and -bid ‘implement’. Likewise, words that are not completely analyzable are presented as undivided wholes, even where some of the constituent parts do appear to be identifiable. Thus, we have words such as aƛ’alap ‘steer with paddle’, which appears to contain the lexical suffix •alap ‘hip’ but whose root is not known. This is especially common practice for words containing what appear to be fossilized middle -b suffixes such as saxʷəb ‘jump’ and qʷšaab ‘be foggy’, and for the many nouns beginning with what appears to be (or to have been) the lexical nominalizing prefix s- but whose roots are no longer attested as independent verbal elements in the language. Following the morphological segmentation, an aligned morphological analysis of each component identified in the previous line is given using a standardized set of abbreviations and glosses for radicals and other lexical items. The abbreviations used are those being developed in the Lushootseed reference grammar currently underway (Beck, in progress), for which this set of interlinearized texts was initially produced. These abbreviations are given in a table at the beginning of this book (page xii), and the terminology behind them is defined informally in the glossary at the end of this volume (page 591) in terms that, it is hoped, will be helpful to the non-specialist. Lexical glosses are as far as possible drawn from a standardized set such that every instance of a particular radical or monomorphemic lexical item is the same for every attestation of that word. The motivations for this are the same as for erring on the side of etymological analysis. In cases where the use of a standardized gloss is felt to be too distorting (e.g., if it makes it too difficult to identify the source in the analysis line of a particular meaning in the full gloss), more context-appropriate glosses are used. The final line presents a full gloss or free English translation. Unlike previous presentations of Lushootseed texts in the Lushootseed Readers (Hess
Introduction
25
1995, 1998, 2006) or in Bierwert 1996, the English glosses here do not lean towards presenting the content of the utterance in the most idiomatic, registerequivalent manner: instead, the glosses used lean the other way, towards reflecting the actual syntactic structure of the Lushootseed, insofar as this is possible in an intelligible English sentence. This means that some of the glosses offered may occasionally sound stilted (as opposed to the glosses in the Readers, which maintain a colloquial “folksy” style more reflective of the flavour of the original narrative). It is hoped that having more isomorphic English glosses will make the grammatical structure of the line more obvious to English-speaking (or English-dominant) readers.9 An example of this is the treatment of the passive voice, whose discourse functions in Lushootseed are markedly different from those in English (Beck 2000). As a result, passive clauses in the Lushootseed Readers are generally glossed in the active voice in the interests of more natural-sounding English, whereas here passives are glossed in the English passive voice, except where the English translationequivalent verb does not have a comprehensible passive form. While no attempt was made to match the aspect of the Lushootseed sentences in the English translations, the translations do match in tense (departing from the practice in the Readers of narrating the stories consistently in the past tense, following standard English storytelling conventions). Since the Lushootseed stories are narrated in the present tense, I have (wherever possible) adopted the convention of glossing the habitual ƛ’u= as ‘always’ or ‘usually’, rather than as the past tense habitual ‘would’ used in the Readers. Finally, I have opted to use a fairly rigid translation of the sentential conjunctions hay ‘so’, huy ‘then’, and gʷəl ‘and’ that introduce so many of the lines in these narratives. While this does create some odd-sounding English glosses, the dissonance created by the practice is, as noted by Bierwert (1996, 27), an open invitation to further investigation of the role that these elements play in the structure of narrative discourse. Unlike the translations in the Readers and in Bierwert 1996, the translations here do not make any attempt to maintain the deictic distinctions encoded in the complex Lushootseed system of demonstratives and determiners. One reason for this is that the Lushootseed system reflects so many non-English categories that any attempt to paraphrase would create unwieldy noun phrases __________ 9
See Bierwert 1996, 24-39, for a discussion of a more literary approach to translating the same material.
26
Introduction
that receive far more “weight” in the English translation than they have in the Lushootseed original. Another reason is that deictic distinctions (particularly between tiʔəʔ ‘proximate’ and tiʔiɬ ‘distal’) are used for reference tracking and topic continuity in ways that they are not in English, and directly translating the Lushootseed determiners in the English text introduces spurious spatial distinctions or contrasts in definiteness that are not reflective of the original. Another departure from the practice in the Readers is that glosses no longer contain contextual information about the utterance (added by Hess to help students follow the storyline). As far as possible, only information that is contained in the utterance itself is included in glosses. Additional material in glosses included in parentheses represents either understood but elided arguments of sentence predicates, or – where absolutely necessary – the names of third persons expressed by zeros or ambiguous pronominal elements. In a very few cases, material in parentheses in the glosses consists of material needed to formulate grammatical English sentences, or to make translations understandable for an English-dominant reader: 42
a dəgʷi si ab dsya ya a be.there
dəgʷi
si ab
d–sya ya
you
noble
1SG.PO–friend
‘Here it is (for) you, my respected friend.’ Edward Sam’s Mink and Tutyika, line 1 43 xʷi gʷəs as kʷi sƛ’alqəb gʷu ʷadᶻad kʷi wiw’su al kʷi dxʷlaq xʷi
gʷə=s= a=s
kʷi
sƛ’alqəb
gʷə= u– ʷadᶻa–t
NEG
SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO
REM
monster
SBJ=PFV–annihilate–ICS
kʷi
wiw’su
REM
children
al at
kʷi
dxʷlaq
REM
childless
‘There are no more monsters who could annihilate the children (and leave them) childless.’ Martha Lamont’s Basket Ogress, line 228]
In the first example, the relation between the verb ʔa ‘be there’ and the pronoun dəgʷi ‘you’ is somewhat jarring for the English reader who, without the “for” added to the gloss might be inclined to interpret the sentence as ‘you are here’. Similarly, the literal translation of the sentence in (4 ) would be something like ‘there are no more monsters who could annihilate the children to childlessness’, the relation between dxʷlaq ‘childless’ and the rest of the sentence being obvious for the Lushootseed speaker but needing clarification
Introduction
27
for the English reader. The motivations for taking the approach outlined above are the same as those for opting for isomorphic structural glosses. As with the transcriptions, the glosses used in this volume do not always correspond exactly to the glosses found in previous published versions of the texts. In a very few cases, these differences result from the reinterpretation, based on grammatical reanalysis, of sentences or phrases. Because these texts were originally transcribed with the help of an Elder native-speaker, this practice was avoided whenever possible; however, there are places where it seems clear that the Elder’s translation was either intended to be more explanatory than literal, or that the difficulty of translating the Lushootseed sentence into a fluent-sounding English sentence leads to some reformulation of content. Acknowledgments It goes without saying that a volume of this type could not have been put together without the efforts of many other people. First and foremost are those who were involved in the creation and recording of the texts themselves – Mr. and Mrs. Lamont, Elizabeth Krise, Edward Sam, and Agnes James, as well as Leon Metcalf, who made so many of the recordings. Credit and appreciation for the transcription of the Metcalf tapes are due to Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, without whose valiant efforts as a native-speaker transcriber and translator this invaluable material might have remained forever inaccessible. I’d also like to acknowledge the collaboration of Michele Bagalot, Toby Langen, and the Tulalip Tribes in providing the biographical materials on the storytellers and the foreword to this volume – and, of course, ultimately for giving permission to reprint these stories, which form such an essential part of their cultural patrimony. Darcy Cullen and her colleagues at UBC Press also deserve thanks for their patience and adaptability as we moved along the road to final publication. My late co-author, Thom Hess, deserves, of course, the lion’s share of the credit for the material and presentation in this volume. In addition to recording and working with Elders on the transcriptions and translations of the stories, Thom devoted much of his academic career to developing the field of Lushootseed language studies for both the academic and the speaker communities. The writing system currently in use for the language owes everything to Thom, as does much of our current knowledge of Lushootseed
28
Introduction
grammar and lexicon. My own interest and what modicum of understanding I have of how the language works flow directly from Thom, and, although his failing health prevented him from participating as energetically as he would have wanted in the final stages of this collaborative project, I’d like to think that he would be pleased with the final results.
David Beck
1 ə
Martha Williams Lamont
c. 1880–1973
Martha in 1956, photographed by Leon Metcalf, with whom she recorded the first half of a unique legacy. Photo courtesy of Tulalip Lushootseed Department.
Although for us today Martha is known as a person who devoted herself to preserving treasures from the past, during her life she welcomed and supported important changes.1 During the 1930s, tribal leader William Shelton and his family conducted an outreach program designed to make the people of Tulalip better known to the non-reservation world. Many tribal people at Tulalip disapproved of this innovative work, but we have photographs that show Martha standing with the Sheltons, beating the drum and singing to support their efforts. She endorsed these occasions further by wearing her special white dress decorated with shells. (We see a later version of the dress in the photograph above.) __________ 1
This introduction combines the memories of Hank and Geraldine Williams, the late Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, the late Thom Hess, the late Marya Moses, and Wayne Williams.
30
Chapter 1
Martha was an active member of the 1910 Shaker Church. Her grandson Hank Williams tells us: “She always knew when somebody needed prayer. She would be sitting there talking and pretty soon, ‘Somebody needs a prayer; I have to pray for somebody.’ So she would get that message, just out of nowhere she would say that. She was a very strong religious woman.” Martha was appointed assistant minister of the Tulalip church and continued to serve until she became bedridden in the last decade of her life. Perhaps because she never learned to read or write, Martha was an enthusiastic participant in projects to tape-record traditional teachings. She spent extended periods ten years apart working with different collectors, to whom she told some of the same stories. Thus, her legacy gives us a rare chance to investigate change and stability in the syəhub tradition. Martha’s tellings of “Crow and Her Seagull Slaves” ten years apart are very different. Both are funny, but in the later telling Martha uses humour to convey her feelings about the loss of tribal lands and the consequent devaluing of Native identity. To hear this second telling is to realize that these issues are latent in the first telling and would have been perceived by her Tulalip audience even without the enhancement they received later. For several decades the “Totem Entrance” stood across a road leading to the tribal centre. The Entrance was composed of two figured posts, one on either side of the road; atop the posts and spanning the road is a canoe that carries a girl and two slaves. The Totem Entrance represents yet another telling of the “Crow and Her Seagull Slaves” tradition, though without Crow or seagulls. When we take account of the fact that both of Martha’s tellings are parodic realizations of the version on the Totem Entrance, we see that all three variants are anchored in a tradition that as yet bears only the names of its separate tellings. In her enthusiasm for the new recording technology, Martha has enabled us to travel more deeply into our heritage than we could have imagined.
Martha Williams Lamont
Martha, at far right in the second row, amid dancers at the 1915 Treaty Days celebration. Hagan Sam’s grandfather is at the far left in the first row. Photo by Jay Juleen, courtesy Everett Public Library.
31
32
Pheasant and Raven
Pheasant and Raven as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs a lil ti i
əs a lil ti i
i sgʷəlub i ti ə qaw’qs
as– a lil
ti i
as– a lil
ti i
STAT–live
DIST
STAT–live
DIST
i
sgʷəlub pheasant
CONJ
i CONJ
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘They dwell there, both Pheasant and Raven dwell there.’ 2
əs a lil as– a lil STAT–live
‘They dwell there.’ 3
əsq’ʷu a ad ti ə sgʷəlub i ti ə qaw’qs as–q’ʷu •a ad STAT–gathered•side
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
i CONJ
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Pheasant and Raven are neighbours.’ 4
qaqahi
ti ə sgʷəlub
qa–qa•i
ti ə
sgʷəlub
DSTR–many•child
PROX
pheasant
‘Pheasant has many children.’ 5
əbsbibədbəda
ə ti ə qaha ti ə sgʷəlub
as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda
ə
STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring
PR
ti ə
qah–a
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
INTNS–many
PROX
pheasant
‘Pheasant many little children.’ 6
gʷəl xʷi kʷi gʷədsəsaydxʷ stab tsi ə gʷəl
xʷi
SCONJ
kʷi
NEG
əgʷas wife
REM
ə PR
əgʷas ə ti ə sgʷəlub
gʷə=d=s= as–hay–dxʷ
stab
tsi ə
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC
what
PROX:FEM
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
‘But I do not know who the wife of Pheasant was.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 12 August 1964, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).
Martha Williams Lamont
7
a tsi i
33
əgʷas
a
tsi i
be.there
əgʷas–s
DIST:FEM
wife–3PO
‘He does have a wife.’ 8
gʷəl ti ə qaw’qs gʷəl ƛ’al’ əbsbibədbəda gʷəl
ti ə
qaw’qs
gʷəl
ƛ’al’
SCONJ
PROX
raven
SCONJ
also
ti ə
bə=qa
PROX
ADD=many
ə ti ə bəqa as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring
‘And as for Raven, he also has many little children.’ 9
gʷəl qʷəlqʷəlwi tsi ə
əgʷas
gʷəl
qʷəlqʷəlwi
tsi ə
SCONJ
Qwelqelwich
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘And his wife is Qwelqelwich.’ 10
əs a lil as– a lil STAT–live
‘They dwell there.’ 11 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub huy SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
‘Then Pheasant travels.’ 12 cuucəxʷ tsi ə
əgʷas
cut–c=axʷ
tsi ə
say–ALTV=now
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He says to his wife,’ 13
u ubə əd
əda u ibəš
u= ubə
əd
IRR=go.inland
əda
1SG.SUB
1SG.COORD
u= ibəš IRR=travel
‘ “I will go inland and I will travel.’ 14 p’aƛ’aƛ’ əd tu ʷ u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless
əd 1SG.SUB
tu ʷ
u= ibəš
just
IRR=travel
‘ “I’m going on a journey of no consequence.’
ə PR
34
15
Pheasant and Raven
u ibəš əd
əda u u ʷ dxʷt’aq’t
u= ibəš
əd
IRR=travel
əda
1SG.SUB
u= u ʷ
1SG.COORD
IRR=go
dxʷ–t’aq’t CNTRPT–inland
‘ “I’m going travelling and I will go up into the high country.” ’ 16 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub huy
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
SCONJ
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
‘Then Pheasant travels.’ 17
iˑ ibəšəxʷ dxʷ ad dxʷ– ad
i
ibəš=axʷ
INTJ
travel=now
CNTRPT–where
‘Indeed, he travels everywhere.’ 18 p’aƛ’aƛ’ u ibibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’
u– ib–ibəš PFV–DIM.EFF–travel
worthless
‘He just wanders about,’ 19
ə ti ƛ’astagʷəxʷ əlgʷə ə ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u= as–tagʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
HAB=STAT–hungry=now
PL
‘It seems they are always hungry.’ 20 diˑ əxʷ kʷi s adᶻqdxʷs ti ə di =axʷ
kʷi
s= adᶻq–dxʷ=s
ti ə
suddenly=now
REM
NM=meet–DC=3PO
PROX
‘His meeting with them is sudden.’ 21
əsgʷaadil ti acəc aci talbixʷ as–gʷaad–il
ti acəc
STAT–down:PL–INCH
UNQ
aci talbixʷ people
‘These very people are sitting there.’ 22 səsa li ti ə
aci talbixʷ
səsa li
ti ə
two:HMN
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘The people are two.’
Martha Williams Lamont
35
23 huy dxʷləgʷləgʷəb huy
dxʷləgʷ–ləgʷəb
SCONJ
DSTR–youth
‘Then they are youths.’ 24 gʷəl əbsqʷəbqʷəbay əlgʷə gʷəl
ə tə bəsali
as–bəs–sqʷəb–qʷəbay STAT–PROP–DSTR–dog
SCONJ
əlgʷə
ə PR
PL
tə
bə=sali
NSPEC
ADD=two
‘And they have two dogs too.’ 25 tiləbəxʷ udxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəb ti ə sgʷəlub tiləb=axʷ
u–dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b-ab
immediately=now
PFV–CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
‘Right away (the dogs) want to chew up Pheasant,’ 26 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go
‘He is going along,’ 27
ʷul’ lə i bəš ʷul’ lə= i bəš only
PROG=travel
‘He is just travelling.’ 28 dxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəbəxʷ ə ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b–ab=axʷ CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD=now
ə PR
ti ə
sqʷəb–qʷəbay
PROX
DSTR–dog
‘The dogs want to chew him up.’ 29 gʷəl huy dxʷs ʷuƛ’utəbəbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
dxʷs– ʷuƛ’u–t–b–ab=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
CTD–chewed–ICS–PASS–DSD=now
‘And then he is chewed on.’ 30 gʷəl ləcutəbəxʷ gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And he is spoken to,’
36
Pheasant and Raven
31 gʷiid ti adsqʷəbay sgʷəlub gʷihi–t
ti
ad–sqʷəbay
sgʷəlub
invite–ICS
SPEC
2SG.PO–dog
pheasant
‘ “Call your dogs, Pheasant!’ 32 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them!” ’ 33 xʷi xʷi si i ab kʷi gʷədsgʷiid xʷi
xʷi
si –i ab
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t
NEG
NEG
PL–noble
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS
‘ “No, Sirs, I won’t call them.’ 34 xʷi lədsgʷa dsqʷəbay xʷi
lə=d=s=gʷa
d–sqʷəbay
NEG
NEGP=1SG.PO=NM=one’s.own
1SG.PO–dog
‘ “They are not my dogs.’ 35 xʷu ələ sgʷa ləp xʷu ələ
s=gʷa =lap
maybe
NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO
‘ “Perhaps they are yours.’ 36 xʷi kʷi gʷədsqʷəbay xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=d–sqʷəbay
NEG
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO–dog
‘ “I don’t have a dog.’ 37 s ušəbabdxʷ əd s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m poor.” ’ 38 huy gʷiitəbəxʷ ə ti ə
əbsqʷibəbay
huy
gʷihi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
invite–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘Then they are called by the dog-owners.’
as–bəs–sqʷib–əbay STAT–PROP–PL–dog
Martha Williams Lamont
37
39 gʷəl gʷaadil ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay gʷəl
gʷaad–il
ti ə
sqʷəb–qʷəbay
SCONJ
down:PL–INCH
PROX
DSTR–dog
‘And the dogs sit down.’ 40 taadᶻil taadᶻil lie.down:PL ‘They lie down.’ 41
u ʷəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
sgʷəlub
PROX
pheasant
‘Pheasant goes.’ 42 gʷəl ləq’ʷu tsut ə ti ə caadi gʷəl
lə=q’ʷu –t–sut
ə
SCONJ
PROG=gathered–ICS–REFL
PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘And he joins them.’ 43 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is spoken to,’ 44 tul’ ad kʷi adsu ibəš sgʷəlub tul’– ad
kʷi
ad=s= u– ibəš
sgʷəlub
CNTRFG–where
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel
pheasant
‘ “Where are you travelling from, Pheasant?” ’ 45
uˑ tu ʷ əd ƛ’u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’ u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
əd 1SG.SUB
ƛ’u= ibəš
p’aƛ’aƛ’
HAB=travel
worthless
‘ “Oh, I’m only wandering around.’ 46 dxʷt’aq’t ti ə dsu ibəš dxʷ–t’aq’t
ti ə
d=s= u– ibəš
CNTRPT–inland
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel
‘ “Into the high country is where I am travelling.’
38
Pheasant and Raven
47 tu ʷ tul’ al tə a tucəxʷ a cəxʷəs a lil tu ʷ
tul’– al
tə
just
CNTRFG–at
NSPEC
a
tu=d=dəxʷ= a
be.there
PAST=1SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
d=dəxʷ= as– a lil 1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–live ‘ “But from there is where I am from, where I live.’ 48 p’aƛ’aƛ’ əd tu ʷ ƛ’u ibəš p’aƛ’aƛ’
əd
worthless
1SG.SUB
tu ʷ
ƛ’u= ibəš
just
HAB=travel
‘ “I’m only wandering around.’ 49 cick’ʷəxʷ ƛ’astagʷəxʷi əxʷ əd ə ti i dbibədbəda cick’ʷ=axʷ
ƛ’u= as–tagʷəxʷ•i =axʷ
very=now
HAB=STAT–hungry•child=now
əd 1SG.SUB
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
d–bi–bəd–bəda 1SG.PO–ATTN–DSTR–offspring ‘ “My children are always very hungry.” ’ 50
uˑ u INTJ
‘ “Oh.” ’ 51 gʷəl huy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And then he is spoken to,’ 52 gʷəl adsgʷa gʷəl
u ti i adi bid əsbə sqigʷac
ad–sgʷa
SCONJ
2SG.PO–ones.own
u
ti i
ad–di –bid
INT
DIST
2SG.PO–other.side–RLNL
as–bə STAT–fall
sqigʷac deer ‘ “And is that fallen (i.e., killed) deer on the other side of you yours?’ 53
əs əq kʷagʷi əd as– əq STAT–wrapped
kʷagʷi əd elk
‘ “A wrapped up elk.’
Martha Williams Lamont
54
39
əsbə as–bə STAT–fall
‘ “It is lying there.’ 55 kʷagʷi əd ti i adi bid əs qali kʷagʷi əd
ti i
ad–di –bid
elk
DIST
2SG.PO–other.side–RLNL
as– q•ali STAT–wrapped•bundle
‘ “That which is on the other side of you bound into a pack is an elk.’ 56
əsuy as–huyu STAT–made
‘ “It is ready.’ 57
əsuy as–huyu STAT–made
‘ “It is ready.’ 58
əspa ti i cədi kʷagʷi əd as–pa STAT–laid.out
ti i
cədi
kʷagʷi əd
DIST
s/he
elk
‘ “That elk is laid out.” ’ 59 gʷəl cut gʷəl
cut
SCONJ
say
‘And (Pheasant) says.’ 60 xʷiˑ si i ab kʷi gʷədsgʷa xʷi
si –i ab
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=gʷa
NEG
PL–noble
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=ones.own
‘ “Sirs, it is not mine.’ 61 xʷi kʷi gʷədsxʷi xʷi xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=d–sxʷi xʷi
NEG
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO–game
‘ “I have no game.’
40
Pheasant and Raven
62 s ušəbabdxʷ əd s ušəbabdxʷ
əd
poor.guy
1SG.SUB
‘ “I am poor.’ 63 xʷu ələ sgʷa ləp ti i s ə əd tata ulbixʷ xʷu ələ
s=gʷa =lap
ti i
s ə əd tata ulbixʷ
maybe
NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO
DIST
food
big.game.animal
‘ “Maybe that food, that big game animal is yours.” ’ 64 huˑy huy SCONJ
‘ “Done!” ’ 65 taa ha
al ə
taa
ha
really
good
ə ti ə caadi al
ə
at
mind
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘They are favourably impressed.’ 66 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is spoken to,’ 67
ugʷədil əxʷ sgʷəlub al ti i u=gʷəd–il
əxʷ
IRR=down–INCH
2SG.SUB
sgʷəlub pheasant
al ti i at
DIST
‘ “You will sit there, Pheasant.’ 68
uk’ʷi ’id ə ti i kʷagʷi əd xʷa ut’uk’ʷtxʷ u=k’ʷi ’i–t
ə
IRR=butchered–ICS
1PL.SUB
ti i
kʷagʷi əd
DIST
elk
xʷa 2SG.COORD
u=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ IRR=go.home–ECS
‘ “We will butcher that elk and you will take it home.’ 69
uhuyud ə
a ləs qali txʷ xʷa ut’uk’ʷtxʷ
u=huyu–t IRR=made–ICS
xʷa 2SG.COORD
ə 1PL.SUB
a 1PL.COORD
ləs– q•ali –txʷ PROG.STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS
u=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ IRR=go.home–ECS
‘ “We will fix it up and wrap it up and you will take it home.’
Martha Williams Lamont
70
41
ild ə ti dəgʷi ti i dəxʷuwiliq’ʷid ə il–t
ə
give.food–ICS
1PL.SUB
ti
dəgʷi
ti i
dəxʷ= u–wiliq’ʷi–t
SPEC
you
DIST
ADNM=PFV–ask–ICS
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “We are giving it to you, which is the reason for our questioning.” ’ 71
uˑ si i ab tu ʷ ələp uhəli dxʷəxʷ kʷ(i) dbədbəda u INTJ
si –i ab
tu ʷ
PL–noble
just
ələp
u=həli –dxʷ=axʷ
2PL.SUB
IRR=alive–DC=now
kʷi REM
d–bəd–bəda 1SG.PO–DSTR–offspring ‘ “Oh, Sirs, you save my children!’ 72 ƛ’astagʷəxʷ ti i dbibədbəda ƛ’u= as–tagʷ=axʷ
ti i
d–bi–bəd–bəda
HAB=STAT–hungry=now
DIST
1SG.PO–ATTN–DSTR–offspring
‘ “My little children always go hungry.’ 73 cick’ʷəxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ əlgʷə
i tsi i d əgʷas
cick’ʷ=axʷ
s ušəbabdxʷ
əlgʷə
very=now
poor.guy
PL
i CONJ
tsi i
d– əgʷas
DIST:FEM
1SG.PO–wife
‘ “They and my wife are very poor.’ 74 həwu
ə
əs a lil
həwu
ə
have.nothing
1PL.SUB
as– a lil STAT–live
‘ “We live in poverty.” ’ 75 huy qʷibyitəbəxʷ huy
qʷibi–yi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
prepared–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then they get it ready for him.’ 76 gʷəl qiǰyitəbəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub ə ti i gʷəl SCONJ
q•i –yi–t–b=axʷ wrapped•covering–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
ti ə
sgʷəlub
ə
ti i
PROX
pheasant
PR
DIST
‘And it is bound into a pack for Pheasant.’ 77 gʷəl huyiləxʷ mima ən’ ti ə cədi səs əba tubs gʷəl
huyu–il=axʷ
mi–ma ən’
ti ə
cədi
SCONJ
made–INCH=now
ATTN–small
PROX
s/he
42
Pheasant and Raven
s= as– əba –txʷ–b=s NM=STAT–backpack–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘And this which is packed up on his back became small.’ 78
əsuy as–huyu STAT–made
‘It is ready.’ 79
əs qali tub ə ti ə as– q•ali –txʷ–b
ə
STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS–PASS
PR
ti ə PROX
‘It packaged with this:’ 80 stabtub ti ə stidgʷəd as–taba–txʷ–b STAT–do–ECS–PASS
ti ə
stidgʷəd
PROX
cedar.withes
‘Cedar withes are made.’ 81 gʷəl di
u ədᶻq’ʷtəb
gʷəl
di
s= u– ədᶻq’ʷ–t–b=s
SCONJ
FOC
NM=PFV–rub–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And these are rubbed together to make them stringy.’ 82 gʷəl di dəxʷšə t’əbi ədtubs gʷəl
di
dəxʷ=šə –t’əbi əd–txʷ–b=s
SCONJ
FOC
ADNM=make–rope–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘And these are used to make rope.’ 83 hay huyutəbəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsəs əba s hay
huyu–t–b=axʷ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s= as– əba =s
SCONJ
made–ICS–PASS=now
CNTRPT–at
REM SBJ=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO
‘So it was fixed up so that it could be backpacked.’ 84 ti ə cədi kʷagʷi əd ti ə s iltəbs ti ə
cədi
kʷagʷi əd ti ə
s= il–t–b=s
PROX
s/he
elk
NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
‘What has been given to him is an elk.’
Martha Williams Lamont
43
85 kʷagʷi əd kʷi sucutəbs kʷagʷi əd
kʷi
s= u–cut–t–b=s
elk
REM
NM=PFV–say–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘What they tell him is that it is an elk.’ 86 hikʷ hikʷ big ‘It is big.’ 87 həla b s ə əd ti ə s iltəbs həla b
s ə əd
ti ə
s= il–t–b=s
really
food
PROX
NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘It is real food that has been given to him.’ 88 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is spoken to,’ 89 p’a acutəxʷ əxʷ sgʷəlub p’a a–t–ut=axʷ try–ICS–REFL=now
əxʷ
sgʷəlub
2SG.SUB
pheasant
‘ “You try it, Pheasant.’ 90
u əba ədəxʷ əxʷ u= əba –t=axʷ
əxʷ
IRR=backpack–ICS=now
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will backpack it now.’ 91
asxʷəxʷa xʷa əd ə ti i u= as–xʷəxʷa xʷa –t
ə
IRR=STAT–lightweight–ICS
1PL.SUB
‘ “We will make it lightweight.’ 92
uxʷəxʷa xʷa əd ə u=xʷəxʷa xʷa –t IRR=lightweight–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will make it lightweight.’
ti i DIST
44
Pheasant and Raven
93 gʷəl xʷi
ulə əb dxʷ al dəgʷi
gʷəl
xʷi
SCONJ
NEG
u=lə= əb IRR=NEGP=heavy
dxʷ– al
dəgʷi
CNTRPT–at
you
‘ “And it will not be heavy for you.” ’ 94 huˑy ələp ukʷaxʷdubšəxʷ huy SCONJ
ələp
u=kʷaxʷ–dxʷ–bš=axʷ
2PL.SUB
IRR=help–DC–1SG.OBJ=now
‘ “You guys will help me now!” ’ 95
u ʷəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ sgʷəlub u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
sgʷəlub
PROX
poor.guy
pheasant
‘Humble Pheasant goes now.’ 96 gʷəl ləgʷədil gʷəl
lə=gʷəd–il
SCONJ
PROG=down–INCH
‘And he sits down.’ 97 gʷəl huy əba tubəxʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
əba –txʷ–b=axʷ backpack–ECS–PASS=now
‘And then it was put on his back.’ 98 gʷəl huy u ʷ gʷəl
huy
u ʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
go
‘And then he goes.’ 99 kiisəxʷ əxʷ sgʷəlub xʷa u ibəšəxʷ kiis=axʷ stand=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
sgʷəlub pheasant
xʷa 2SG.COORD
u= ibəš=axʷ IRR=travel=now
‘ “You stand up now, Pheasant, and you will travel.” ’ 100 kiistub kiis–txʷ–b stand–ECS–PASS ‘He is stood up.’
Martha Williams Lamont
45
101 gʷəl u ʷ ibəš ti sgʷəlub gʷəl
u ʷ
ibəš
go
SCONJ
travel
ti
sgʷəlub
SPEC
pheasant
‘And he goes, Pheasant travels.’ 102 ƛ’ub əxʷ ə ti ads u ʷ sgʷəlub ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
ə
2SG.SUB
PR
ti
ad=s= u ʷ
sgʷəlub
SPEC
2SG.PO=NM=go
pheasant
‘ “You are ready to go, Pheasant.’ 103
əbil’ əxʷ uqa kʷ əbil’
əxʷ
u–qa kʷ
perhaps 2SG.SUB
PFV–rest
‘ “If you rest,’ 104 xʷi kʷi adsdᶻalqʷusbid ti i adsəs əba xʷi kʷi ad=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t NEG
REM
ti i
2SG.PO=NM=turn.around•head–MAP–ICS
DIST
ad=s= as– əba 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack ‘ “Do not look over your shoulder at what you have on your back!’ 105
ʷul’ əxʷ u u ʷ uk’ʷit’ ʷul’ only
u– u ʷ
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
PFV–go
u–k’ʷit’ PFV–shoreward
‘ “You just go, go down to the water.’ 106
uqa kʷ əxʷ xʷi kʷi adsdᶻalqʷusbid u=qa kʷ IRR=rest
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
xʷi
kʷi
ad=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=turn.around•head–MAP–ICS
‘ “You will rest (but) don’t look over your shoulder!’ 107
ʷul’ əxʷ lə u ʷ ʷul’ only
əxʷ
lə= u ʷ
2SG.SUB
PROG=go
‘ “Just go.’ 108 dxʷ al ti ads il dxʷ al kʷi ad al al dxʷ– al
ti
ad=s= il
dxʷ– al
kʷi
ad– al al
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
2SG.PO=NM=arrive
CNTRPT–at
REM
2SG.PO–house
‘ “So that you arrive at your house.’
46
Pheasant and Raven
109 hay xʷa ušuuc xʷa ugʷə aliǰəd hay
xʷa
u=šu –c
2SG.COORD
SCONJ
xʷa
IRR=see–ALTV
u=gʷə •ali –t
2SG.COORD
IRR=untied•bundle–ICS
‘ “So you will look at it and you will unpack it.’ 110
ads ə əd us ə ədəlap u=ad–s ə əd
u=s ə əd–alap
IRR=2SG.PO–food
IRR=food–2PL.PO
‘ “It will be your food, you guys’ food.’ 111 qaˑ qa many ‘ “There is a lot.’ 112 hikʷ kʷagʷi əd ti i səs ild ə ti dəgʷi hikʷ kʷagʷi əd ti i
s= as– il–t
big
NM=STAT–give.food–ICS
elk
DIST
ə 1PL.PO
ti
dəgʷi
SPEC
you
‘ “A big elk is what we have given to you.” ’ 113 huy t’igʷitəbəxʷ ə ti ə sgʷəlub ti ə s ub ubədi huy
t’igʷi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
thank–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
sgʷəlub
ti ə
s ub– ubədi
PROX
pheasant
PROX
DSTR–hunter
‘Then the hunters are thanked by Pheasant.’ 114 huy ibəšəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ u iltəb huy SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROX
poor.guy
u– il–t–b PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS
‘Then this humble fellow to whom food has been given travels.’ 115
ad kʷi s ibəš s ad where
kʷi
s= ibəš=s
REM
NM=travel=3PO
‘He travels somewhere.’ 116 gʷəl ləqa kʷ al ti i ƛ’ub dəxʷqa kʷ s gʷəl
lə=qa kʷ
SCONJ
PROG=rest
al ti i at
DIST
ƛ’ub
dəxʷ=qa kʷ=s
well
ADNM=rest=3PO
‘And he rests when it is good for him to rest.’
Martha Williams Lamont
47
117 lət’at’əgʷtaptxʷ ti ə s əba s lə=t’a–t’əgʷt•ap–txʷ
ti ə
s= əba =s
PROG=ATTN–on.top•bottom–ECS
PROX
NM=backpack=3PO
‘He puts the bottom of his pack on top of something.’ 118 tucutəb əd uxʷi əd lədᶻalqʷus əd
tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
1SG.SUB
lə=dᶻalqʷ•us
u=xʷi =ad IRR=NEG=1SG.SBRD
‘ “I have been told not to look over my shoulder.’ 119 ƛ’ub əd əs istab ə ti ə ƛ’ub well
əd
as– ista –b
1SG.SUB
STAT–be.like–MD
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘ “I had better be like this.” ’ 120 bəkiis gʷəl bə u ʷ bə=kiis
gʷəl
bə= u ʷ
ADD=stand
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘He stands up again and walks some more.’ 121 bəqa kʷ bə=qa kʷ ADD=rest
‘He rests again.’ 122 gʷəl bas ista gʷəl
bə= as– ista
SCONJ
ADD=STAT–be.like
‘And again it is the same.’ 123 xʷi kʷi gʷədsdᶻalqʷusbid xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t
NEG
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=turn•head–MAP–ICS
‘ “I am not to look over my shoulder at it.’ 124 huy əd tucutəb huy SCONJ
əd 1SG.SUB
tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
‘ “Then I have been told.” ’
NEGP=turn•head
48
Pheasant and Raven
125 huˑy bə u ʷ dxʷ al ti i s a kʷdxʷs huy
bə= u ʷ dxʷ– al
ti i
s= a kʷ–dxʷ=s
SCONJ
ADD=go
DIST
NM=seaward–DC=3PO
CNTRPT–at
‘Then he goes to take it down to the shore.’ 126 gʷəl ləbə ad ti ə cədi sxʷi xʷi s səs iltəbs gʷəl SCONJ
lə=bə a–t
ti ə
cədi
sxʷi xʷi –s
PROG=fall–ICS
PROX
s/he
game–3PO
s= as– il–t–b=s NM=STAT–give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And he sets down the game that he has been given.’ 127 huy gʷəl cuucəxʷ tsi ə
əgʷas
huy
gʷəl
cut–c=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘And then he tells his wife,’ 128
ugʷə aliǰəd ə ti ə dsəli dub ə ti s ub ubədi u=gʷə •al•iǰ–t
ə
IRR=untied•CNN•bundle–ICS
ə PR
ti
s ub– ubədi
SPEC
DSTR–hunter
1PL.SUB
ti ə
d=s=həli –dxʷ–b
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=alive–DC–PASS
‘ “We will unpack this with which I was aided by some hunters.’ 129
u əy’ əy’dxʷ əd tə s ubədi əlgʷə di t’aq’t əda u iltəb u– əy’– əy’–dxʷ
əd
PFV–DSTR–find–DC
1SG.SUB
əda
tə
s ubədi
əlgʷə
di
t’aq’t
NSPEC
hunter
PL
other.side
inland
u– il–t–b
1SG.COORD
PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS
‘ “I met some hunters up in the mountains and they gave it to me.’ 130 hiˑkʷ ə hikʷ big
uhəli dub
ə 1PL.SUB
u–həli –dxʷ–b PFV–alive–DC–PASS
‘ “Greatly have we been aided.” ’ 131
gʷə aliǰədəxʷ əlgʷə gʷə •ali –t=axʷ
əlgʷə
untied•bundle–ICS=now
PL
‘They unwrap it.’
Martha Williams Lamont
49
132 gʷəl (h)uy qʷibidəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
qʷibi–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS=now
PL
‘And then they prepare it.’ 133 gʷəl (h)uy qʷatadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
qʷata–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
laid.out–ICS=now
PL
‘And then they lay it out.’ 134 cə ul’ əsqʷib cə ul’
as–qʷib
previously
STAT–prepared
‘It has been prepared in advance.’ 135
əs i i ’tub ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
as– i– i ’i–txʷ–b
ə
STAT–ATTN–cut.up–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘It had been cut up into little pieces by these people.’ 136 s ub ubədi haw’ə ti i səsuys s ub– ubədi
haw’ə
ti i
s= as–huyu=s
DSTR–hunter
PTCL
DIST
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘Those who had done it were hunters!’ 137 huy ildəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s ə ti ə huy
il–d=axʷ
SCONJ
give.food–ICS=now
ti ə PROX
udaw’
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
udaw’ fat
‘Then he gives his many little children fat.’ 138 yə i əsqʷatub yə i because
as–qʷata–txʷ–b STAT–laid.out
–ECS–PASS
‘Because it had been laid out.’ 139
əstabtub ti ə
udaw’
as–taba–txʷ–b STAT–do–ECS–PASS
ti ə PROX
‘The fat has been prepared.’
udaw’ fat
ə PR
50
140
Pheasant and Raven
ildəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s ə ti ə il–t=axʷ give.food–ICS=now
udaw’
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
ə
ti ə
PR
PROX
udaw’ fat
‘Then he gave his many little children fat to eat.’ 141 šaadᶻaləxʷ ti ə sgʷigʷəlgʷəlub šaadᶻal=axʷ ti ə sgʷi–gʷəl–gʷəlub go.outdoors:PL=now
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–pheasant
‘These many little pheasants go outside.’ 142 gʷəl huy ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
al tudi
əgʷalatxʷ
ə əd=axʷ
əlgʷə
feed.on=now
al tudi at
PL
əgʷalatxʷ
DIST.DMA
outdoors
‘And then they eat over there outdoors.’ 143
ukʷukʷilbəxʷ əlgʷə ukʷukʷ–il–b=axʷ play–INCH–MD=now
əlgʷə PL
‘They start to play.’ 144 tiləbəxʷ ušudub ə ti ə qaw’qs tiləb=axʷ
u–šu –dxʷ–b
immediately=now
PFV–see–DC–PASS
ə PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Right away they are seen by Raven.’ 145 gʷəl ləcut əˑ gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
ə INTJ
‘And he says, “So!’ 146 stabəxʷ ti ə
əsqʷq’ʷil su ə əd ə tə bədbəda
stab=axʷ
ti ə
what=now
PROX
bəd–bəda DSTR–offspring
as–qʷq’ʷ–il STAT–white–INCH
ə PR
ə ti i sgʷəlub
s= u– ə əd NM=PFV–feed.on
ti i sgʷəlub DIST
pheasant
‘ “What is this whitish (stuff) Pheasant’s children are eating?” ’ 147 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then he goes.’
ə PR
tə NSPEC
Martha Williams Lamont
51
148 hiwil i šuuc hiwil
i
go.ahead
šu –c
2PL.IMP
see–ALTV
‘ “Go on, you guys! Look at it!’ 149
ʷul’ šuuc i ʷul’ šu –c only
i
see–ALTV
2PL.IMP
‘ “Just look at it, you guys!’ 150 hiwil i hiwil
i
go.ahead
2PL.IMP
‘ “Go on, you guys!” ’ 151
u ʷəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘His many little children go.’ 152 ləqʷəscut ti ə bibədbəda s lə=qʷəs–t–sut
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROG=flutter.quietly–ICS–REFL
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘His many little children flutter up stealthily.’ 153
ʷul’ u ic icil ti ə caadi sgʷigʷigʷəlub ʷul’ only
u– ic– icil PFV–DSTR–angry
ti ə
caadi
sgʷi–gʷi–gʷəlub
PROX
they
ATTN–ATTN–pheasant
‘The little pheasants just got angry.’ 154 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Go away!’ 155
uxʷak’ʷabi tubu
ələp qiqiqaw’qs
u–xʷak’ʷabi –t–ubu PFV–dirty–ICS–1PL.OBJ
ələp 2PL.SUB
qi–qi–qaw’qs ATTN–ATTN–raven
‘ “You little ravens are getting us dirty.” ’
52
Pheasant and Raven
156 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 157 huyəxʷ haydxʷəxʷ stab ti ə su ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su huy=axʷ SCONJ=now
ə PR
hay–dxʷ=axʷ
stab
ti ə
s= u– ə əd
known–DC=now
what
PROX
NM=PFV–feed.on
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘Then they find out what these children are eating.’ 158
ʷul’ i dukʷtub ʷul’ only
i –dukʷu–txʷ–b PRTV–abnormal–ECS–PASS
‘They are just gotten mad at by the others.’ 159 huy bəhəd iw’əxʷ huy
bə=həd iw’=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=indoors=now
‘Then they go inside again.’ 160
uˑ udaw’ ti i su ə əd ə ti i bədbəda u
udaw’ fat
INTJ
ti i
s= u– ə əd
DIST
NM=PFV–feed.on
ə ti i sgʷəlub ə
ti i
bəd–bəda
PR
DIST
DSTR–offspring
sgʷəlub pheasant ‘ “Oh, what the children of Pheasant are eating is fat.” ’ 161 huy haydubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy
hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ
ə
SCONJ
known–DC–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘Then he (Raven) knows.’ 162
tul’ ad kʷi skʷədxʷs əlgʷə tuI’– ad
kʷi
s=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
əlgʷə
CNTRPT–where
REM
NM=taken–DC=3PO
PL
‘From where did they manage to get it?’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
53
163 cutəbəxʷ ti ə sgʷəlub ə ti ə qaw’qs cut–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
sgʷəlub
ə
say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
pheasant
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Pheasant is spoken to by Raven,’ 164 tul’ ad kʷ(i) adskʷədxʷ ti i ads ə əd tul’– ad
kʷi
ad=s=kʷəda–dxʷ
ti i
ad–s ə əd
CNTRPT–where
REM
2SG.PO=NM=taken–DC
DIST
2SG.PO–food
‘ “From where did you manage to get your food?” ’ 165
u əy’dxʷ ə si ab ti ha
si i ab s ub ubədi
u– əy’–dxʷ
si ab
ti
ha
si –i ab
s ub– ubədi
noble
SPEC
good
PL–noble
DSTR–hunter
ə
PFV–find–DC
1PL.SUB
‘ “Sir, we found good, noble hunters.’ 166 gʷəl di ti ə cəxʷkʷədxʷ ti ə ds ə əd gʷəl
di
ti ə
d=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ
ti ə
d–s ə əd
SCONJ
FOC
PROX
1SG.PO=ADNM=taken–DC
PROX
1SG.PO–food
‘ “And that is how I managed to get my food.’ 167
u iltəbəxʷ əd ə ti ə qaˑ də ’u s əba ti ə ds əba tub cəxʷ iltəb u– il–t–b=axʷ
əd
PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS=now
ə
1SG.SUB
PR
ti ə
qa
də ’u
s əba
PROX
many
one
pack
ti ə
d=s= əba –txʷ–b
d=dəxʷ= il–t–b
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=backpack–ECS–PASS
1SG.PO=ADNM=give.food–ICS–PASS
‘ “I have been given a full backpack which was put on my back which is how I was given food.’ 168
iltəbəxʷ tsi ə
əgʷas ə ti ə
il–t–b=axʷ
usəsq’ʷəl s
tsi ə
give.food–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s
ə
wife–3PO
PR
ti ə PROX
u=s= as–q’ʷəl=s IRR=NM=STAT–cooked=3PO
‘(Raven’s) wife is given food to cook.’ 169 huy gʷəl ʷul’ ə ti ʷul’ k’ʷidə slək’ʷ ti i huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ʷul’ only
ə ‿ti seemingly
ə txʷ
ʷul’ k’ʷid–ə –s–lək’ʷ only
how.much–CLS–NP–eaten
ə –txʷ feed.on–ECS ‘And then it was just as though however much to eat there is,’
ti i DIST
54
Pheasant and Raven
170 lək’ʷtəb ə ti ə qaw’qs lək’ʷ–t–b
ə
eaten–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘It is eaten by Raven.’ 171 sgʷa xʷi əxʷ lə ild tsi ə
əgʷas
sgʷa
xʷi =axʷ
lə= il–t
tsi ə
əgʷas–s
one’s.own
NEG=now
PROG=give.food–ICS
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘He doesn’t give his wife her portion.’ 172 sgʷa xʷi əxʷ lə ild ti ə bibədbəda s sgʷa
xʷi =axʷ
lə= il–t
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
one’s.own
NEG=now
PROG=give.food–ICS
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘He doesn’t give his many little children their portion.’ 173 gʷəl huˑy bək’ʷdxʷ gʷəl
huy
bək’ʷ–dxʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
all–DC
‘Then he finishes it all.’ 174 tiləbəxʷ ucut tiləb=axʷ
u–cut
immediately=now
PFV–say
‘Right away he says,’ 175 tiləbəxʷ u əca cən’ə imaligʷəd tiləb=axʷ
u
immediately=now
əca
INT
I
cən’ə imaligʷəd Tseneximaligwed
‘ “Would I, Tseneximaligwed,’ 176 gʷəl xʷi
kʷi gʷ əs u əy’dxʷ s kʷədi s ub ubədi
gʷəl
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=s= u– əy’–dxʷ=s
kʷədi
s ub– ubadi
SCONJ
NEG
REM
SBJ=NM=PFV–find–DC=3PO
REM.DMA
DSTR–hunter
‘ “Not be the one to find the hunters right away?’ 177
u umə əd qʷəlqʷəlwi u= ubə IRR=go.inland
əd 1SG.SUB
qʷəlqʷəlwi Qwelqelwich
‘ “I’ll go inland, Qwelqelwich.’
Martha Williams Lamont
178
55
u iməš əd u– ibəš
əd
PFV–travel
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’ll travel.” ’ 179 huy ibəšəxʷ huy
ibəš=axʷ
SCONJ
travel=now
‘Then he travels.’ 180
ubəhəxʷ ubə=axʷ go.inland=now ‘He goes inland.’
181 ha icutəxʷ kʷa ti ə sgʷəlub ha –i–t–sut=axʷ
kʷa
ti ə
sgʷəlub
good–SS–ICS–REFL=now
PTCL
PROX
pheasant
‘Pheasant simply pleases himself.’ 182 tu iligʷəd ə tə iišəds tu= il•igʷəd
ə
PAST=give.food•inside.body
tə
PR
iišəd–s
NSPEC
relatives–3PO
‘He gave willingly to his relatives.’ 183 gʷəl ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
ə ti ə cədi tus iltəbs
ə əd=axʷ
SCONJ
feed.on=now
əlgʷə PL
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
tu=s= il–t–b=s PAST=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And they eat this food that they have been given.’ 184 ha iləxʷ ha –il=axʷ good–INCH=now ‘It is good.’ 185 ha kʷ s ə əds əlgʷə ha kʷ
s= ə əd=s
əlgʷə
long.time
NM=feed.on=3PO
PL
‘For a long time they eat.’
56
Pheasant and Raven
186 huy qa hikʷ qa biac ti i kʷagʷi əd huy
qa
hikʷ qa
biac
ti i
kʷagʷi əd
SCONJ
many
big
meat
DIST
elk
many
‘Because that elk is really big, it is really a lot of meat.’ 187 It’s elk 188 huy gʷəl huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti ə
qaw’qs
huy
gʷəl
huy
gʷəl
u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
go=now
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘And then, and then Raven goes.’ 189 gʷəl gʷəl lə il gʷəl
gʷəl
lə= il
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=arrive
‘And, and he arrives.’ 190 gʷəl lə əy’dxʷ ti ə caadi s ubədi gʷəl
lə= əy’–dxʷ
ti ə
caadi
s ubədi
SCONJ
PROG=find–DC
PROX
they
hunter
‘And he finds those hunters.’ 191 ƛ’al’ bədi dəxʷ a ə ti i dəxʷ əy’dubs ə ti i ƛ’al’
bə=di
dəxʷ= a
also
ADD=FOC
ADNM=be.there
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ə
ti i
dəxʷ= əy’–dxʷ–b=s
PR
DIST
ADNM=find–DC–PASS=3PO
‘It is the very same place that they had been found by him (Pheasant).’ 192 gʷuutəbəxʷ ə ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay gʷuhu–t–b=axʷ bark–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
sqʷəb–qʷəbay
PROX
DSTR–dog
‘He is barked at by the dogs.’ 193
iditəbəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs idi–t–b=axʷ growl–ICS–PASS=now ‘Raven is growled at.’
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
Martha Williams Lamont
57
194 gʷəl cucutəbəxʷ gʷəl
cut–cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And he is spoken to.’ 195 miˑ iditəbəxʷ ə ti ə dogs mi grrr
idi–t–b=axʷ
ə
growl–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
dogs
PROX
dogs
‘ “Grrr!” he is growled at by the dogs.’ 196 gʷiid t(ə) adsqʷəbqʷəbay qaw’qs gʷihi–t
tə
ad–sqʷəb–qʷəbay
qaw’qs
invite–ICS
NSPEC
2SG.PO–DSTR–dog
raven
‘ “Call your dogs, Raven.’ 197 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them.’ 198 gʷiid gʷihi–t invite–ICS ‘ “Call them.” ’ 199 təməliš təməliš təməliš ‘ “Temelish! Temelish! Temelish!” ’ 200 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘Nothing.’ 201
ʷul’əxʷ u ʷuƛ’ ʷuƛ’utəbəxʷ ə ti i sqʷəbqʷəbay ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u– ʷuƛ’– ʷuƛ’u–t–b=axʷ PFV–DSTR–chewed–ICS–PASS=now
ə
ti i
sqʷəb–qʷəbay
PR
DIST
DSTR–dog
‘He is just chewed on by the dogs.’ 202 təməliš kʷədi suda ads ti ə sqʷəbqʷəbay təməliš
kʷədi
s= u–da a–t=s
ti ə
sqʷəb–qʷəbay
Temelish
REM.DMA
NM=PFV–named–ICS=3PO
PROX
DSTR–dog
‘Temelish is what he called the dogs.’
58
Pheasant and Raven
203 xʷi
kʷi gʷəscuts ʷul’ab ə ti i sgʷəlub
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=s=cut=s
NEG
REM
SBJ=NM=speak=3PO
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
sgʷəlub
same.way
PR
DIST
pheasant
‘He does not say as Pheasant does,’ 204 xʷi lədsgʷa xʷi
lə=d=s=gʷa
NEG
NEGP=1SG.PO=NM=one’s.own
‘ “They are not mine.” ’ 205 huy dxʷsbəd ti ə qaw’qs huy
dxʷs–bəd
ti ə
qaw’qs
SCONJ
PROC–lie
PROX
raven
‘Raven is a liar.’ 206 hay gʷiitəbəxʷ ti ə dəxʷu ʷuƛ’utəbs hay
gʷihi–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
dəxʷ= u– ʷuƛ’u–t–b=s
SCONJ
invite–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
ADNM=PFV–chewed–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘So, (the dogs) are called (by the hunters) when he is chewed on.’ 207 huy wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ huy
wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
ask–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is asked,’ 208 adsgʷa
u ti i
ad–sgʷa 2SG.PO–ones.own
u
ti i
INT
DIST
‘ “Is that yours?’ 209 adsəsbə alq u qaw’qs ad=s= as–bə •alq 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–fall•game ‘ “Is it your game, Raven?” ’ 210
i dsgʷa i yes
d–sgʷa 1SG.PO–one’s.own
‘ “Yes, it’s mine.’
u INT
qaw’qs raven
Martha Williams Lamont
211 huy cəd s umən’i
59
2
huy
cəd
s ubədi
SCONJ
1SG.SUB
hunter
‘ “For I am a hunter.’ 212 s umən’i
əd
s ubədi hunter
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I am a hunter.’ 213 di cəxʷəsbə alq ə ti i di
d=dəxʷ= as–bə •alq
FOC
1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–fall•game
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘ “That is how I felled that game.” ’ 214 k’ʷi ’idəxʷ ti s as qaw’qs k’ʷi ’i–t=axʷ
ti
s= a=s
qaw’qs
butchered–ICS=now
SPEC
NM=be.there=3PO
raven
‘ “Butcher what’s there, Raven!’ 215 ti i adsxʷi xʷi ti i
ad–sxʷi xʷi
DIST
2SG.PO–game
‘ “That is your game.’ 216 k’ʷi ’idəxʷ k’ʷi ’i–t=axʷ butchered–ICS=now ‘ “Butcher it!” ’ 217
ʷ al’ tukʷədadəxʷ ti ə cədi , ti ə biac ʷal’ fail
tu=kʷəda–t
ti ə
cədi
ti ə
biac
PAST=taken–ICS
PROX
s/he
PROX
meat
‘He can’t really get a hold of that, the meat.’ 218 xʷi axʷ ləšə dxʷ gʷəsuk’ʷi ’id s əxʷ kʷ(i) ə bids xʷi axʷ
lə=šə –dxʷ
gʷə=s= u–k’ʷi ’i–t=s=axʷ
kʷi
NEG=now
NEGP=make–DC
SBJ=NM=PFV–butcher–ICS=3PO=now
REM
__________ 2
This and the following lines spoken by Raven are in the stylized speech of this character, where the voiced stops are replaced by nasals or nasals plus schwa. See Hess 1982 for discussion.
60
Pheasant and Raven
ə bid–s intentions–3PO ‘And he fails to butcher it as he had intended.’ 219 xʷi gʷəsuydxʷs xʷi
gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO
‘He can’t do it.’ 220 huy ədtəbaxʷ ə ti ə cədi s ub ubədi huy SCONJ
əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
s ub– ubədi
PROX
s/he
DSTR–hunter
‘Then he is shoved aside by these hunters.’ 221 liltsut qaw’qs lil–t–sut
qaw’qs
far–ICS–REFL
raven
‘ “Get away, Raven!” ’ 222 huy əsaydub huy SCONJ
as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS
‘Then they know him.’ 223 ƛ’asdᶻilitəb ƛ’u= as–dᶻili–t–b HAB=STAT–scorn–ICS–PASS
‘They despise him.’ 224 day’ay’ səscəqʷs ti səsuys day’–ay’
s= as–cəqʷ=s
ti
s= as–huyu=s
DSTR–uniquely
NM=STAT–greedy=3PO
SPEC
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He is very greedy.’ 225
ədtəbaxʷ əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is shoved away’
Martha Williams Lamont
61
226 liltsut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!” ’ 227 huy lə ədtəbaxʷ huy
lə= əd–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG=push–ICS–PASS=now
‘He is shoved away.’ 228 gʷəl (h)uy k’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ti ə cədi s iltəbs gʷəl SCONJ
huy
k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
SCONJ
butchered–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
s/he
s= il–t–b=s NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And then this they are giving him is butchered.’ 229
iˑ uk’ʷi ’yid ə ti dəgʷi i INTJ
u=k’ʷi ’i–yi–t IRR=butchered–DAT–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
ti
dəgʷi
SPEC
you
‘ “Indeed, we will butcher it for you.” ’ 230 qʷatqʷatatəbəxʷ qʷat–qʷata–t–b=axʷ DSTR–laid.out–ICS–PASS=now
‘It is all laid out.’ 231 huy ət ʷətəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi qaw’qs ti i s udaw’ huy SCONJ
ət ʷ–t–b=axʷ gulp.down–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
qaw’qs ti i
s– udaw’
PROX
s/he
raven
NP–fat
DIST
‘Then Raven gobbles up the fat.’ 232 qa ti ə
udaw’
qa
ti ə
many
PROX
udaw’ fat
‘There is a lot of fat.’ 233
ʷul’ lə aatəb ləqʷatatəb ʷul’ lə= ah–a–t–b only
PROG=INTNS–be.there–ICS–PASS
‘No sooner is it set there, laid out,’
lə=qʷata–t–b PROG=laid.out–ICS–PASS
62
Pheasant and Raven
234 hay gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ hay
gʷəl
lək’ʷəd=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
eaten=now
‘So he takes it.’ 235 gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ gʷəl
lək’ʷəd=axʷ
SCONJ
eaten=now
‘And he eats it.’ 236 gʷəl lək’ʷədaxʷ ə ti i s uk’ʷi ’yitəbs gʷəl
lək’ʷəd=axʷ
ə
ti i
s= u–k’ʷi ’i–yi–t–b=s
SCONJ
eaten=now
PR
DIST
NM=PFV–butchered–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And he eats it as it is butchered for him.’ 237 haˑy huy gʷəl bəqʷibyitəbəxʷ hay
huy
gʷəl
bə=qʷibi–yi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=prepared–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
‘So, then they prepare more for him.’ 238 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is spoken to,’ 239
u əba əd əxʷ ti ə s ild ə ti dəgʷi u= əba –t
əxʷ
IRR=backpack–ICS
2SG.SUB
ti ə
s= il–t
PROX
NM=give.food–ICS
ə 1PL.PO
ti
dəgʷi
SPEC
you
‘ “You will backpack this which we are giving you,” ’ 240
adəxʷ iltxʷ dxʷ al kʷs(i) ad əgʷas i kʷ(i) adbədbəda u=ad=dəxʷ= il–txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=arrive–ECS
dxʷ– al
kʷsi
ad– əgʷas
CNTRPT–at
REM:FEM
2SG.PO–wife
kʷi
ad–bəd–bəda
REM
2SG.PO–DSTR–offspring
‘ “So that you can bring it to your wife and children.” ’ 241 tiləbəxʷ ucut tiləb=axʷ immediately=now ‘Right away he says,’
u–cut PFV–say
i CONJ
Martha Williams Lamont
242
63
ukʷədad əd u=kʷəda–t
əd
IRR=taken–ICS
1SG.SUB
‘ “I got it.’ 243
uhuy əd s umən’i u=huyu
əd
IRR=made
s ubədi
1SG.SUB
hunter
‘ “I am a hunter, a hunter.’ 244 s umən’i s ubədi
əd əd
hunter
1SG.SUB
‘ “I am a hunter.” ’ 245 bəsgʷa səxʷ bəsxʷi xʷi s kʷədi sucucuts bə=s=gʷa =s=axʷ
bə=sxʷi xʷi –s
kʷədi
ADD=NM=one’s.own=3PO=now
ADD=game–3PO
REM.DMA
s= u–cut–cut=s NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘What he is saying is that it is his own game.’ 246 s ubədi ti i səscuts kʷ(i) sxʷi xʷi (s) s ubədi
ti i
s= as–cut=s
kʷi
sxʷi xʷi –s
hunter
DIST
NM=STAT–say=3PO
REM
hunt–3PO
‘What he is saying is that he is the hunter, it is his game.’ 247 huˑy əba ədəxʷ ti ə s iltəbs huy
əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now
SCONJ
ti ə
s= il–t–b=s
PROX
NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘Then he backpacks what he has been given.’ 248 huy ləli lil al kʷədi
ad kʷi tudəxʷqa kʷs
huy
lə=li –lil
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–far
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
ad where
‘Then he goes a little ways to where he rested.’ 249 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
‘Next he says,’
kʷi
tu=dəxʷ=qa kʷ=s
REM
PAST=ADNM=rest=3PO
64
Pheasant and Raven
250 hayəxʷ əd ti gʷələscəba hay=axʷ
əd
SCONJ=now
1SG.SUB
əd ə kʷi dsxʷi xʷi ti
gʷə=ləs–cəba
SPEC
SBJ=PROG.STAT–backpack
əd 1SG.SUB
ə PR
d–sxʷi xʷi 1SG.PO–game ‘ “So I am obliged to carry my game.’ 251 tu ʷ cəd bəs ubəbi tu ʷ cəd
bə=s ubədi
just
ADD=hunter
1SG.SUB
‘ “But I am also a hunter.” ’ 252 dᶻalqʷusbidəxʷ dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t=axʷ turn•head–MAP–ICS=now ‘He looks over his shoulder at it.’ 253 xʷi əxʷ əd ləšuuc xʷi =axʷ
əd
NEG=now
lə=šuu–c
1SG.SUB
NEGP=see–ALTV
‘ “I am not to look at it.” ’ 254 gʷa
əxʷlək’ʷədəb ti i
gʷa
ə bids
as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–t–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–ICS–DSD
INTJ
ti i DIST
ə bid–s intentions–3PO
‘But his thoughts want to eat it.’ 255 gʷəl dᶻalqʷusbid gʷəl dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t SCONJ
turn.around•head–MAP–ICS
‘And he looks over his shoulder at it.’ 256 tiˑləb ugʷə agʷil ti ə tusəs əba s kʷagʷi əd tiləb
u–gʷəx –agʷil
immediately
PFV–untied–AUTO
ti ə
tu=s= as– əba =s
PROX
PAST=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO
kʷagʷi əd elk ‘Immediately the elk he carries on his back gets loose.’
kʷi REM
Martha Williams Lamont
257
65
uˑ ʷ saxʷəb bəlkʷ u ʷ go
saxʷəb
bəlkʷ
jump
return
‘It goes, it runs, it returns.’ 258 saˑxʷəb saxʷəb jump ‘It runs.’ 259 huy dəbəxʷ əw’ə ti i p’q’ac ti i s qalikʷyitəbs ʷul’ab ə ti i tusəsuys huy
dəb=axʷ
əw’ə
ti i
p’q’ac
ti i
SCONJ
instead=now
PTCL
DIST
rotten.wood
DIST
s= q–alikʷ–yi–t–b=s NM=wrapped–ACT–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
same.way
PR
DIST
tu=s= as–huyu=s PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘So, instead a rotten log is wrapped up for him as (the elk) had been.’ 260 p’q’acəxʷ ti i
əs əba əd
pq’ac=axʷ
ti i
rotten.wood=now
DIST
as– əba –t STAT–backpack–ICS
‘What he backpacks is a rotten log.’ 261 gʷəl əxʷscutəbəxʷ di ti i gʷəl
as–dxʷs–cut–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–say–ICS–DSD=now
SCONJ
di
ti i
FOC
DIST
‘But he thinks, it is that (elk).’ 262 gʷa əw’ə usaxʷəbəxʷ ti i cədi kʷagʷi əd gʷa
əw’ə
u–saxʷəb=axʷ
ti i
cədi
kʷagʷi əd
INTJ
PTCL
PFV–jump=now
DIST
s/he
elk
‘The elk has just run off.’ 263
ubəlkʷ u–bəlkʷ PFV–return
‘It returns.’
66
Pheasant and Raven
264 gʷəl cutəb ə ti i s ub ubədi gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS PR
ə
ti i
s ub– ubədi
DIST
DSTR–hunter
‘And it is spoken by the hunters,’ 265
uˑ udᶻalqʷusbitəb dᶻə sixʷ ə ti qaw’qs ti ə tus ild ə u u–dᶻalqʷ•us–bi–t–b dᶻə sixʷ ə PFV–turn•head–MAP–ICS–PASS
INTJ
PTCL
PTCL
PR
ti
qaw’qs
ti ə
SPEC
raven
PROX
ə
tu=s= il–t PAST=NM=give–ICS
1PL.PO
‘ “Oh, Raven must have looked over his shoulder at what we gave him.’ 266 ti ə bələ iləxʷ ti ə
bə=lə= il=axʷ
PROX
ADD=PROG=arrive=now
‘ “It is that which is coming now.’ 267 lə əƛ’ ti i kʷagʷi əd lə= əƛ’
ti i
kʷagʷi əd
PROG=come
DIST
elk
‘ “The elk is coming.’ 268
udᶻalqʷus dᶻə u–dᶻalqʷ•us PFV–turn•head
dᶻə PTCL
‘ “He must have turned around.’ 269 xʷu ələ sixʷ ə tulək’ʷəd xʷu ələ
sixʷ
maybe
PTCL
ə
tu=lək’ʷ–t
seemingly
PAST=eaten–ICS
‘ “It seems like he must have eaten it.’ 270 tiləbəxʷ k’ʷə tu tabəd ti ə tusutabs tiləb=axʷ
k’ʷə
tu=taba–t
ti ə
tu=s= u–taba=s
immediately=now
QTV
PAST=do–ICS
PROX
PAST=NM=PFV–do=3PO
‘ “He must have done what he did right away.” ’ 271
ʷul’ul’əxʷ p’q’ac al kʷi tus ilsəxʷ ʷul’–ul’=axʷ INTNS–only=now
p’q’ac rotten.wood
al kʷi at
REM
tu=s= il=s=axʷ PAST=NM=arrive=3PO=now
‘It was nothing but a rotten log when he got home.’
Martha Williams Lamont
272
67
aˑd ad where ‘ “Where is it?” ’
273
ʷul’ basdukʷ ti ə
ə s qali txʷ
ʷul’ bə= as–dukʷu only
ti ə
ADD=STAT–abnormal
as– q•ali –txʷ
PROX
STAT–wrapped•bundle–ECS
‘What he has bundled up is just worthless.’ 274 cutəb ə tsi ə
əgʷas
cut–t–b
ə
say–ICS–PASS
PR
tsi ə
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘He is spoken to by his wife,’ 275
ʷul’ul’ p’q’ac ti ə adsəs qali ʷul’–ul’ INTNS–only
əsbə
p’q’ac
ti ə
ad=s= as– q•ali
rotten.wood
PROX
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–wrapped•bundle
as–bə
‘ “What you have wrapped up lying here is just a rotten log.’ 276 xʷi kʷi gʷəbiac kʷi gʷəstab xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=biac
kʷi
gʷə=stab
NEG
REM
SBJ=meat
REM
SBJ=what
‘ “There is no meat or anything.” ’ 277
idigʷat ’əluləq’ adəy uləq’ idigʷat say.what
’əluləq’
adəy uləq’
speak.nonsense
woman.nonsense
‘ “What idiotic, female nonsense are you saying?!” ’ 278 cutəb tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ cut–t–b
tsi ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
say–ICS–PASS
PROX:FEM
poor.guy
‘This poor woman is spoken to.’ 279 huˑy dᶻu ʷatəxʷ ə ti ə huy dᶻu ʷat=axʷ SCONJ
vomit=now
ʷul’ul’əxʷ p’q’ac tusu ə əds ə PR
ti ə PROX
ʷul’–ul’=axʷ INTNS–only=now
tu=s= u– ə əd=s PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘Then he vomits the rotten wood that he had eaten.’
p’q’ac rotten.wood
STAT–fall
68
Pheasant and Raven
280 haˑy gʷəl i ixʷ ( )al ti i hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
i i =axʷ
al ti i
embarrassed=now at
DIST
‘And so he is embarrassed by that.’ 281 ƛ’ucuucəxʷ ti ə ƛ’u–cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
HAB–say–ALTV=now
PROX
‘He says to them (his children),’ 282 qaha u xʷ ti i su ə əd ə ti i sgʷəlub qah–a
u xʷ
ti i
s= u– ə əd
DSTR–many
PTCL
DIST
NM=PFV–feed.on
ə
ti i
sgʷəlub
PR
DIST
pheasant
‘ “Pheasant still has a lot to eat.” ’ 283 huy cuucəxʷ ti ə bədbəda s huy
cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
bəd–bəda –s
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PROX
DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘Then he tells his children,’ 284 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp u i əli əxʷ ə ti i bədbəda ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
ələp
ə ti i sgʷəlub
u– i– əli =axʷ
2PL.SUB
ti i
sgʷəlub
DIST
pheasant
PFV–ATTN–battle=now
ə
ti i
bəd–bəda
PR
DIST
DSTR–offspring
‘ “You ought to have a little fight with Pheasant’s children.’ 285
ʷul’ udaw’ ti ə ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə ʷul’ only
udaw’ fat
ti ə
ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
PROX
HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
‘ “They always eat nothing but fat.’ 286
i əli txʷəxʷ i i– əli –txʷ=axʷ
i
ATTN–battle–ECS=now
2PL.IMP
‘ “Go have a little fight with them!” ’ 287 cuucəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s qiqiqaw’qs cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
qi–qi–qaw’qs
say–ALTV=now
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
ATTN–ATTN–raven
‘He says to his many little children, the little ravens,’
ə PR
Martha Williams Lamont
69
288 skʷup kʷi usgʷa ləp ti ə skʷup fish ƛ’u f ish al creek skʷup
kʷi
sucker.fish
REM
ƛ’u=fish HAB=fish
u=s=gʷa =lap IRR=NM=one’s.own=2PL.PO
al
ti ə
skʷup
fish
PROX
sucker.fish
fish
creek
at
creek
‘ “Sucker fish will be yours, these suckers, fish, these fish in the creek.” ’ 289 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy
u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
go=now
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘Then the children go.’ 290 huy pusiləxʷ ə ti ə skʷup huy
pusu–il=axʷ
SCONJ
thrown.at–INCH=now
ə PR
ti ə
skʷup
PROX
sucker.fish
‘Then they throw these sucker fish.’ 291 huy pusutəbəxʷ ə ti i cədi huy
pusu–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
‘Then (Pheasant’s children) are thrown at by them.’ 292
u ahəxʷ u= a=axʷ IRR=be.there=now
‘(Raven) will be there.’ 293
əsuyucutəxʷ ə ti catcher al ti i ləqbid ə ti ə wiw’su as–huyu–t–sut=axʷ STAT–made–ICS–REFL=now
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
ə ‿ti seemingly
catcher catcher
al ti i at
‘He makes himself like a catcher behind the children.’ 294 di i ti sukʷədxʷs ti i di i
ti
s= u–kʷəda–dxʷ=s
ti i
suddenly
SPEC
NM=PFV–taken–DC=3PO
DIST
‘As soon as he manages to get it (a fish),’
DIST
ləq–bid behind–RLNL
ə PR
70
Pheasant and Raven
295 gʷəl lələk’ʷəd gʷəl
lə=lək’ʷ–t
SCONJ
PROG=eaten–ICS
‘And he eats it.’ 296 di i ti skʷədxʷs ti i supusutəbs ti ə wiw’su di i suddenly
ti
s=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
ti i
s= u–pusu–t–b=s
SPEC
NM=taken–DC=3PO
DIST
NM=PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘As soon as he manages to get one of those thrown at the children.’ 297
aliləxʷ kʷədi
ə s ti i suhuys
al–il=axʷ
kʷədi
at–INCH=now
ə –s
REM.DMA
mind–3PO
ti i
s= u–huyu=s
DIST
NM=PFV–made=3PO
‘The idea comes to him to do it.’ 298 haˑy bədukʷtubəxʷ ə ti i i hay
ə ti ə suhuys
bə=dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
ə
ADD=abnormal–ECS–PASS=now
ti –i i
PR
ə
PL–DIST
PR
ti ə PROX
s= u–huyu=s NM=PFV–made=3PO
‘So, they get mad at him for what he has done.’ 299
ʷul’əxʷ sixʷ bələ ət ʷətəb ə ti i qaw’qs ti i tu s ukʷukʷ ə tə wiw’su ʷul’=axʷ
sixʷ
bə=lə= ət ʷ–t–b
only=now
PTCL
ADD=PROG=gulp.down–ICS–PASS
tu=s= ukʷukʷ
ə
PAST=NM=play
PR
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
ə
ti i
qaw’qs ti i
PR
DIST
raven
DIST
‘True to form Raven is just gulping down what the children played with.’ 300 huy bəgʷəƛ’əltubəxʷ ti ə tu ukʷukʷ huy
bə=gʷə=ƛ’əl–txʷ–b=axʷ
ti ə
tu= ukʷukʷ
SCONJ
ADD=SBJ=silent–ECS–PASS=now
PROX
PAST=play
‘Then he causes the game to stop too.’ 301 skʷup ti ə sgʷa s ti ə
supusil ə ti ə bədbəda s
skʷup
ti ə
sgʷa –s
ti ə
s= u–pusu–il
sucker.fish
PROX
one’s.own–3PO
PROX
NM=PFV–thrown.at–INCH
ə PR
Martha Williams Lamont
71
ti ə
bəd–bəda –s
PROX
DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘It is their own sucker fish which the children have been throwing.’ 302 dukʷtubəxʷ ti ə wiw’su dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
abnormal–ECS–PASS=now
PROX
children
‘The children (of Raven) are gotten mad at.’ 303 hiwiləxʷ i hiwil=axʷ
i
go.ahead=now
2PL.IMP
‘ “Go on, you guys!’ 304 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Go away.’ 305
uxʷak’ʷabi tubu
ələp
u–xʷak’ʷabi –t–ubu
ələp
PFV–dirty–ICS–1PL.OBJ
2PL.SUB
‘ “You are getting dirt on us.” ’ 306 ti ə cədi qiqiqaw’qs bədbəda s gʷəl
əsdᶻilitəb əlgʷə
ə ti ə sgʷəlub dəbə
sgʷəlub ti ə
cədi
PROX
qi–qi–qaw’qs
bəd–bəda –s
s/he ATTN–ATTN–raven as–dᶻili–t–b əlgʷə
STAT–scorn–ICS–PASS
PL
gʷəl
DSTR–offspring–3PO
ə PR
SCONJ
ti ə
sgʷəlub
dəbə
PROX
pheasant
belong.to.bloodline
sgʷəlub pheasant ‘The little ravens, (Raven’s) children, they are scorned by Pheasant and by Pheasant’s family.’ 307 hay huyəxʷ ti i hay
huyu=axʷ
ti i
SCONJ
made=now
DIST
‘So, it ends.’
72
Pheasant and Raven
308 di əxʷ ti i tudəxʷutabs də xʷə ilsəxʷ di =axʷ
ti i
tu=dəxʷ= u–taba=s
dəxʷ=xʷə il=s=axʷ
FOC=now
DIST
PAST=ADNM=PFV–do=3PO
ADNM=be.worked.up=3PO=now
‘That is why (Raven) did it, why he was so worked up.’ 309
əs aləxʷ kʷi usuys kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷyids ti ə cədi as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now
kʷi
u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO
REM
iišəds ə kʷi su ə əds
kʷi REM
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ–yi–t=s
ti ə
cədi
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO
PROX
s/he
kʷi
s= u– ə əd=s
REM
NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
iišəd–s
ə
relatives–3PO PR
‘How could he do it, manage to get what his relatives are eating away from them?’ 310 di tušac’ ə ti i gʷə sgʷəlub ti i di
tu=s=šac’
FOC
PAST=NM=end
i ti i qaw’qs
ə
ti i
gʷə
sgʷəlub
ti i
PR
DIST
ASSC
pheasant
DIST
‘That is the end of the one about Pheasant and Raven.’
i CONJ
ti i
qaw’qs
DIST
raven
Martha Williams Lamont
73
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs a lil ti i as– a lil
ti i
STAT–live
DIST
‘He lives there.’ 2
əs a lil ti i
i sgʷəlub i ti i
as– a lil
ti i
STAT–live
DIST
i
ə ə təds ti ə
sgʷəlub pheasant
CONJ
i CONJ
i kʷəlq ti i DIST
ə – ə təd–s
ti ə
DSTR–in.law–3PO
PROX
i –kʷəlq PRTV–others
‘Pheasant together with his wife’s brothers, and some others, live there.’ 3
dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘They are hunters.’ 4
ƛ’uxʷi xʷi əlgʷə dxʷ a kʷ ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi
əlgʷə
dxʷ– a kʷ
HAB=hunt
PL
CNTRPT–seaward
‘They always hunt at sea.’ 5
ƛ’uxʷi xʷi əxʷ əlgʷə dxʷt’aq’t ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi =axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ–t’aq’t
HAB=hunt=now
PL
CNTRPT–inland
‘They always hunt in the mountains.’ 6
ubə alq əlgʷə
ə kʷi sqigʷac stab s ətxʷəd stab
u–bə •alq
əlgʷə
PFV–fall•game
PL
ə PR
kʷi
sqigʷac stab
s ətxʷəd
stab
REM
deer
bear
what
what
‘They take deer, black bear, whatever ...’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 28 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form with the title “Pheasant and His In-laws” in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006) and as “The Story of the Seal-Hunters” in Bierwert 1996.
74
7
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
dᶻəgʷa dxʷsxʷi xʷi ti i dᶻəgʷa dxʷs–xʷi xʷi
ti i
expert
DIST
ə ə təds alš ə tsi ə
PROC–hunt
tsi ə
əgʷas
ə – ə təd–s
alš
DSTR–in.law–3PO
ə
cross.sex.sibling
PR
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘The brothers of his (Pheasant’s) wife are expert hunters.’ 8
alalš ə tsi ə
əgʷas ti i dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi
al–alš
ə
PL–cross.sex.sibling
tsi ə
PR
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s
ti i
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
wife–3PO
DIST
PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘The hunters are the brothers of his wife.’ 9
gʷəl cədi gʷəl ʷul’ up’ayəq gʷəl
cədi
gʷəl
ʷul’
SCONJ
s/he
SCONJ
only
u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
‘And he, he just makes canoes.’ 10
up’ayəq ti ə luƛ’ gʷəluƛ’əs gʷəluƛ’əxʷəs aci talbixʷ u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
ti ə
luƛ’
gʷə=luƛ’=as
gʷə=luƛ’=axʷ=as
PROX
old
SBJ=old=3SBRD
SBJ=old=now=3SBRD
‘This old man makes canoes, if he is old, if he is an old person.’ 11
up’ayəq u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
‘He makes canoes.’ 12
up’ayəq u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
‘He makes canoes.’ 13 ck’ʷaqid uhuyalikʷ ə ti ə q’il’bid ck’ʷaqid always
u–huyu–alikʷ
ə
PFV–made–ACT
PR
ti ə
q’il’bid
PROX
canoe
‘He always makes canoes.’ 14 ti ə stab di stab gʷuhuyud ti ə
stab
di
stab
gʷə= u–huyu–t
PROX
what
FOC
what
SBJ=PFV–made–ICS
‘Those things, those are what he makes.’
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
15
up’ayəq ə ti i u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
75
pay
ə
ti i
pay
PR
DIST
cedar
‘He carves them out of red cedar.’ 16 gʷəl u u ʷ ti i gʷəl
u– u ʷ ti i
SCONJ
PFV–go
DIST
‘And they go.’ 17 ƛ’uxʷi xʷi ti i caadi
ə ə təds
ƛ’u=xʷi xʷi
ti i
caadi
HAB=hunt
DIST
they
ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO
‘His in-laws would hunt.’ 18 gʷəl ƛ’u iˑl ti ə cədi gʷəl
ƛ’u= il
ti ə
cədi
SCONJ
HAB=arrive
PROX
s/he
‘And they would arrive.’ 19 gʷəl ƛ’uq’əlstəb t ə
a sxʷi xʷi stab
gʷəl
ƛ’u=q’əls–t–b
tə
a
SCONJ
HAB=steamed–ICS–PASS
NSPEC
be.there
sxʷi xʷi
stab
game
what
‘And the game or whatever they have is always steamed.’ 20 hay ƛ’uhuyutəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi
ə ə təds ti i s ə əd
hay
ƛ’u=huyu–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
HAB=made–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO
ti i DIST
s ə əd food ‘So, the food would be prepared by his (Pheasant’s) in-laws.’ 21 ƛ’uhuyudəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷi gʷəs i i ’s ƛ’u=huyu–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s= i– i ’=s
HAB=made–ICS=now
PL
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=NM=ATTN–get.cut=3PO
‘They always prepared it until it was cut into small pieces.’ 22 hay ƛ’ucutəbəxʷ tsi ə cədi hay
ƛ’u=cut–t–b=axʷ
tsi ə
cədi
SCONJ
HAB=say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘Then she was always told,’
76
23
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
əƛ’txʷ kʷ(i) ad a əƛ’–txʷ come–ECS
kʷi
ad– a
REM
2SG.PO–platter
‘ “Bring your platter!’ 24
u a tashuyəxʷ u= a
tu= as–huyu=axʷ
IRR=be.there
PAST=STAT–made=now
‘ “It will be there, it is done.’ 25
əsq’ʷəl ti ə s ə əd as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
‘ “The food has been prepared.” ’ 26
əsq’əls as–q’əls STAT–steamed
‘It has been steamed.’ 27 stab stab what ‘What is it?’ 28
əbil’ bədi ti acəc tul’ a kʷ stab sup’qs stab əbil’ perhaps
bə=di
ti acəc
tul’– a kʷ
stab
sup’qs
stab
ADD=FOC
UNQ
CNTRFG–seaward
what
hair.seal
what
‘Perhaps it is that from the sea – hair seal, whatever.’ 29 di ləsq’ʷəlas gʷəbədi əs di
ləs–q’ʷəl=as
gʷə=bə=di =as
FOC
PROG.STAT–cooked=3SBRD
SBJ=ADD=FOC=3SBRD
‘It is cooked, if that is what it was.’ 30 huy gʷəl u ʷtxʷ ti ə huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
a s
u ʷ–txʷ ti ə go–ECS
PROX
‘And then she takes her platter.’
a –s platter–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
77
31 gʷəl ləcilitəb gʷəl
lə=cili–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=supported–ICS–PASS
‘And it is served.’ 32 haˑ
əsq’ʷəl ti ə biac ə ti ə sup’qs
ha
as–q’ʷəl
good
STAT–cooked
ti ə
biac
ə
PROX
meat
PR
ti ə
sup’qs
PROX
hair.seal
‘The meat of this hair seal is well cooked.’ 33 hay bək’ʷ əsq’ʷib s ə tubs hay
bək’ʷ
SCONJ
all
as–qʷib
s= ə –txʷ–b=s
STAT–prepared
NM=be.fed–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘So, everything is prepared to be fed to them.’ 34
u ədyid kʷi u il ə ti ə ads ’istxʷ xʷa u ə txʷ ə ti i u= əd–yi–t
kʷi
IRR=push.aside–DAT–ICS
xʷa
u= il IRR=arrive
REM
u= ə –txʷ
2SG.COORD
ə
IRR=be.fed–ECS
PR
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ti ə
ad–s ’istxʷ
PROX
2SG.PO–husband
‘ “Set it aside for when your husband arrives and you will feed him with it.” ’ 35
alšs əlgʷə tsi ə
ucucuuc
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
əlgʷə
tsi ə
PL
PROX:FEM
u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV
‘The one they speak to is their sister.’ 36
əbsbibədbəda
ə kʷi tuk’ʷidid
as–bəs–bi–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–DSTR–offspring
ə PR
kʷi
tu=k’ʷid–id
REM
PAST=RDP–how.many
‘She has how many little children?’ 37 səsa li
u
səsa li
u
two:HMN
INT
‘Two?’ 38 huy gʷəl t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ ə tsi ə s adəy ti ə cədi huy
gʷəl
t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
go.home–ECS–PASS=now
ə PR
əsq’ʷəl tsi ə
s adəy
ti ə
PROX:FEM
woman
PROX
78
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
cədi
as–q’ʷəl
s/he
STAT–cooked
‘And then what has been cooked is taken home by the woman.’ 39 lə ildub lə= il–dxʷ–b PROG=arrive–DC–PASS
‘It is brought.’ 40 huy
ildxʷəxʷ əlgʷə
huy
il–dxʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
arrive–DC=now
SCONJ
PL
‘Then they manage to arrive with it.’ 41 gʷəl (h)uy ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
i ti ə bibədbəda s
ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now
əlgʷə PL
i CONJ
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘And then she and her little children eat.’ 42 lək’ʷədaˑxʷ ti ə tus iltəbs əlgʷə tasq’ʷəl lək’ʷ–t=axʷ
ti ə
tu=s= il–t–b=s
əlgʷə
eaten–ICS=now
PROX
PAST=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
tu= as–q’ʷəl PAST=STAT–cooked
‘They eat the cooked food they had been given.’ 43 gʷəl bək’ʷdxʷ i ti ə bibədbəda s gʷəl
bək’ʷ–dxʷ
SCONJ
all–DC
i CONJ
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘And she and her little children manage to get it all.’ 44 huy tubək’ʷildxʷ huy
tu=bək’ʷ–il–dxʷ
SCONJ
PAST=all–INCH–DC
‘Then they managed to finish it all up.’ 45 xʷi əxʷ kʷi bəstab gʷətugʷə ti i s ’istxʷs tusəs ədyids xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
bə=stab
gʷə=tu=gʷə
ti i
s ’istxʷ–s
NEG=now
REM
ADD=what
SBJ=PAST=ASSC
DIST
husband–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
79
tu=s= as– əd–yi–t=s PAST=NM=STAT–push.aside–DAT–ICS=3PO
‘Whatever was set aside for her husband is gone.’ 46 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə bibədbəda s kʷəda–t=axʷ
ti ə
bi–bəd–bəda –s
taken–ICS=now
PROX
ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘She takes her little children.’ 47 gʷəl dxʷšuk’ʷilqsədəxʷ gʷəl
dxʷ–šuk’ʷ–il•qs–t=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–grey–INCH•nose–ICS=now
‘And she greys their noses.’ 48 šušk’ʷildəxʷ ə ti i ƛ’uxʷudad al kʷi ƛ’uhud šu–šk’ʷ–il–t=axʷ ATTN–grey–INCH–ICS=now
ə
ti i
ƛ’u=xʷhudad
PR
DIST
HAB=ashes
al kʷi at
REM
ƛ’u=hud HAB=burn
‘She greys them with the ashes in the fire.’ 49 cut uk’əyi as p’aƛ’aƛ’ tu ʷəs xʷi kʷi stab gʷətsu ə əds cut say
u=k’əyi =as IRR=pretend=3SBRD
p’aƛ’aƛ’
tu ʷ=as
xʷi
kʷi
stab
worthless
just=3SBRD
NEG
REM
what
gʷə=tu=s= u– ə əd=s SBJ=PAST=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘She tells them they should pretend that there had been nothing of worth, that there had just been nothing they could eat.’ 50 s ’iq’ʷil s= ’iq’ʷ–il NM=dirty–INCH
‘They are dirty.’ 51 di kʷi gʷəsəsc’u ʷil ə ti i s ə əd di
kʷi
gʷə=s= as–c’u ʷil
FOC
REM
SBJ=NM=STAT–grease
ə
ti i
s ə əd
PR
DIST
food
‘They would have been greasy from the food.’ 52 taswəli kʷi dəxʷšuk’ʷilqsədəxʷs ə ti i xʷudad tu= as–wəli
kʷi
dəxʷ=šuk’ʷ–il•qs–t=əx=s
PAST=STAT–visible
REM
ADNM=grey–INCH•nose–ICS=now=3PO
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
80
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
xʷhudad ashes ‘It showed, so she greys their noses with ashes.’ 53 ƛ’al’əxʷ bas ista tsi i ƛ’al’=axʷ
bə=as– ista
tsi i
also=now
ADD=STAT–be.like
DIST:FEM
‘It is the same with her.’ 54
iˑl ti i cədi s ’istxʷs il
ti i
cədi
s ’istxʷ–s
arrive
DIST
s/he
husband–3PO
‘Her husband arrives.’ 55 gʷəl ləwiˑliq’ʷ gʷəl
lə=wiliq’ʷ
SCONJ
PROG=ask
‘And he asks,’ 56 tu iləxʷ u sixʷ tu= il=axʷ PAST=arrive=now
u
sixʷ
INT
PTCL
‘ “Did they come?’ 57 tu ə idəxʷ kʷ(i) ad alalš tu= ə id=axʷ
kʷi
ad– al–alš
PAST=what.happen=now
REM
2SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “What have your brothers done?” ’ 58 tu iˑl si ab tu= il
si ab
PAST=arrive
noble
‘ “They arrived, sir.’ 59 tu il tu= il PAST=arrive
‘ “They arrived.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
81
60 stab kʷi ƛ’usuhuy ə kʷi aci talbixʷ stab
kʷi
ƛ’u=s= u–huyu
what
REM
HAB=NM=PFV–made
ə
kʷi
PR
REM
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “But what have those people been doing?” ’ 61 xʷi gʷəsəsaydxʷ ə xʷi
gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “We don’t know.’ 62 ƛ’as al di a əxʷ kʷa ƛ’u= as– al
di a =axʷ
kʷa
HAB=STAT–how
PROX.DMA=now
PTCL
‘ “They do come here, though.’ 63 ƛ’u il t(i) ad ə ə təd ƛ’u= il
ti
ad– ə – ə təd
HAB=arrive
SPEC
2SG.PO–DSTR–brother.in.law
‘ “Your brothers-in-law do arrive.” ’ 64
uˑ gʷəxʷcutəb ti ə luƛ’ u INTJ
gʷə=dxʷ–cut–ab
ti ə
luƛ’
SBJ=CTD–say–DSD
PROX
old
‘Oh, the old man must think,’ 65 gʷəƛ’u iləltəb kʷəda tsi ə
ə ti alšs əda u ə əd
gʷə=ƛ’u= il–əl–t–b
kʷəda
tsi ə
SBJ=HAB=DIM.EFF–give.food–ICS–PASS
PTCL
PROX:FEM
alš–s
əda
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
1SG.COORD
ə PR
u= ə əd IRR=feed.on
‘ “She might be given a little food by her brothers and I will eat.” ’ 66
ʷul’ ləstab kʷi s ušəbabdxʷ ʷul’ only
ləs–taba
kʷi
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROG.STAT–do
REM
poor.guy
‘That is all the poor fellow does.’ 67 gʷəl bə u ʷ gʷəl
bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘And he goes again.’
ti SPEC
82
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
68 bəp’ayəq bə=p’ayəq ADD=hew
‘He carves some more canoes.’ 69
up’ayəq al kʷədi u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
al
ad lila ad kʷədi
at
ad
REM.DMA
lil•a ad
where
far•side
‘He makes canoes way off somewhere on the far side.’ 70
iˑ i INTJ
‘So.’ 71 bə iltxʷyitəb ə ti ə
alalš ə ti ə s ə əd ƛ’ushuys kʷi ƛ’usq’ʷəlds əlgʷə
bə= il–txʷ–yi–t–b
ə
ADD=arrive–ECS–DAT–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
al–alš
PROX
PL–cross.sex.sibling
ə PR
ti ə PROX
s ə əd
ƛ’u=s=huyu=s
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=q’ʷəl–t=s
əlgʷə
food
HAB=NM=made=3PO
REM
HAB=NM=cooked–ICS=3PO
PL
‘Again she is brought food by her brothers when they have finished cooking it.’ 72 ləshuy ləs–huyu PROG.STAT–made
‘It is ready.’ 73 bəkʷəd ad kʷi a s bə=kʷəda–t
kʷi
ADD=taken–ICS
REM
a –s platter–3PO
‘Again she takes her platter.’ 74 gʷəl bə u ʷtub gʷəl
bə= u ʷ–txʷ–b
SCONJ
ADD=go–ECS–PASS
‘And she takes it again.’ 75 cilitəb cili–t–b supported–ICS–PASS ‘It is served up.’
Martha Williams Lamont
83
76 qa ti ə ƛ’us iltəbs əlgʷə qa
ti ə
ƛ’u=s= il–t–b=s
əlgʷə
many
PROX
HAB=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘The food they are given is a lot.’ 77 day’əxʷ (h)a day’=axʷ
ha
uniquely=now
good
‘It is very good.’ 78
əsq’ʷəl i ti ə cədi tul’ a kʷ sup’qs i
as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked
CONJ
ti ə
cədi
tul’– a kʷ
sup’qs
PROX
s/he
CNTRFG–seaward
hair.seal
‘It is cooked together with hair seal from the sea.’ 79 stab stab what ‘What is it?’ 80
əbil’ di ti i bəstab əbil’ perhaps
di
ti i
bə=stab
FOC
DIST
ADD=what
‘Perhaps that is it again.’ 81 di ƛ’us iltəbs di
ƛ’u=s= il–t–b=s
FOC
HAB=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘That is always given to them.’ 82 gʷəl (h)uy wəli ƛ’uwaw’əxʷ gʷəl
huy
wəli
ƛ’u=waw’əxʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
without.hesitation
HAB=join.in.eating
‘And so she always starts eating right away.’ 83
uˑ ƛ’uc’qʷib u ti i s ušəbabdxʷ stab sgʷəlub u INTJ
ƛ’u=c’qʷib HAB=share.in
u
ti i
s ušəbabdxʷ
stab
sgʷəlub
INT
DIST
poor.guy
what
pheasant
‘Oh, is the poor guy, whatshisname?, Pheasant, ever able to share in it?’
84
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
84 hay gʷəl bə il sixʷ ti i cədi hay
gʷəl
bə= il
sixʷ
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=arrive
PTCL
DIST
s/he
‘So then, he (Pheasant) arrives again.’ 85 gʷəl bəwiliq’ʷ gʷəl
bə=wiliq’ʷ
SCONJ
ADD=ask
‘And again he asks,’ 86
u ə id u– ə id PFV–what.happen
‘ “What happened?’ 87 ƛ’u il u ti i ad alalš ƛ’u= il HAB=arrive
u
ti i
ad– al–alš
INT
DIST
2SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “Do your brothers arrive?” ’ 88 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 89 ƛ’u il si ab ƛ’u= il
si ab
HAB=arrive
noble
‘ “They arrived, sir.” ’ 90 tu ʷ (h)uy xʷi gʷəstab gʷəƛ’usəsaydxʷ ə tu ʷ
huy
xʷi
gʷə=stab
gʷə=ƛ’u=s= as–hay–dxʷ
just
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=what
SBJ=HAB=NM=STAT–known–DC
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “But there is nothing much we know about them.’ 91 putəxʷ əsyubil ti ə adbədbəda putəxʷ put=axʷ really=now
as–yubil STAT–starve
ti ə
ad–bəd–bəda
put=axʷ
PROX
2SG.PO–DSTR–offspring
really=now
‘ “Your children are surely starving.’
Martha Williams Lamont
92
85
s tab kʷi gʷəƛ’us ə id ə stab
kʷi
gʷə=ƛ’u=s= ə id
what
REM
SBJ=HAB=NM=what.happen
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “What can we do?” ’ 93 gʷaˑ ƛ’ulək’ʷəd ti ə ƛ’u iltub ha
s ə əd
gʷa
ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t
ti ə
ƛ’u= il–txʷ–b
ha
s ə əd
INTJ
HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS
PROX
HAB=arrive–ECS–PASS
good
food
‘But they always eat the good food that is brought.’ 94 ƛ’ulək’ʷtəb ə tsi ə s adəy ƛ’u=lək’ʷ–t–b
ə
HAB=eaten–ICS–PASS
PR
i ti ə bibədbəda s tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
i
ti ə
CONJ
PROX
bi–bəd–bəda –s ATTN–DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘It is always eaten by the woman and her children.’ 95 huy ƛ’uhuy pədi ədəxʷ ə kʷi stab uxʷ i əs ləšudub ti i huy SCONJ
ƛ’u=huyu
pəd•i –t=axʷ
HAB=made
buried•covering–ICS=now
u=xʷi =as IRR=NEG=3SBRD
ə PR
lə=šu –dxʷ–b
ti i
PROG=see–DC–PASS
DIST
kʷi
stab
REM
what
‘Then she always gets them covered with dirt so that it is not seen.’ 96 put əsp’əl ʷi ti ə wiw’su put really
as–p’əl ʷ•i STAT–dusty•covering
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘These children are all covered in dust.’ 97 gʷəl xʷi kʷi stab su ə əds gʷəl
xʷi
kʷi
stab
s= u– ə əd=s
SCONJ
NEG
REM
what
NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘And what they had eaten was gone.’ 98 huy iciləxʷ ti ə cədi stubš huy SCONJ
icil=axʷ angry=now
ti ə
cədi
stubš
PROX
s/he
man
‘Then this man is angry.’
86
99
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
iciləxʷ icil=axʷ angry=now ‘He is angry.’
100 dukʷtxʷəxʷ ti ə
ə ə təds
dukʷu–txʷ=axʷ
ti ə
abnormal–ECS=now
PROX
ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO
‘He is angry with his in-laws.’ 101
iciləxʷ ti ə dxʷsp’ayəq icil=axʷ angry=now
ti ə
dxʷs–p’ayəq
PROX
PROC–hew
‘The canoe-maker is angry.’ 102 stabəxʷ kʷi səshuy ə kʷi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi stab=axʷ
kʷi
s= as–huyu
what=now
REM
NM=STAT–made
ə PR
kʷi
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
REM
PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘ “What are the hunters doing?’ 103 xʷi ləgʷədəxʷ i əd s xʷi
lə=gʷə=dəxʷ= i– ə əd=s
NEG
NEGP=SBJ=ADNM=ATTN–feed.on=3PO
‘ “There is not a bite to eat.” ’ 104
dxʷ cutəbəxʷ ti ə cədi ab ə s dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
CTD–say–DSD=now
PROX
s/he
u= as–bəs– ə –s IRR=STAT–PROP–mind–3PO
‘He is on the verge of thinking,’ 105 ƛ’ubəxʷ əd up’ayəqəxʷ ə kʷi sup’qs ƛ’ub=axʷ
əd
well=now
1SG.SUB
u=p’ayəq=axʷ
ə
IRR=hew=now
PR
kʷi
sup’qs
REM
hair.seal
‘ “I should hew out a hair seal.’ 106 yə i di sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə ti i sup’qs yə i
di
sxʷi xʷi –s
əlgʷə
ti i
sup’qs
because
FOC
game–3PO
PL
DIST
hair.seal
‘ “Because that very hair seal is their game.’
Martha Williams Lamont
107 di sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə
87
i ti i qʷsyu
di
sxʷi xʷi –s
əlgʷə
FOC
game–3PO
PL
i CONJ
ti i
qʷsyu
DIST
porpoise
‘ “That, and porpoise, is their game.” ’ 108 di ƛ’usucacq’s əlgʷə di
ƛ’u=s= u–ca–cq’=s
əlgʷə
FOC
HAB=NM=PFV–ATTN–impaled=3PO
PL
‘That is what they would spear.’ 109 sup’qsəxʷ ti i usp’ayəqs sup’qs=axʷ
ti i
hair.seal=now
DIST
u=s=p’ayəq=s IRR=NM=hew=3PO
‘What he will hew is a hair seal.’ 110
u ʷəxʷ ti i luƛ’ u ʷ=axʷ ti i go=now
DIST
luƛ’ old
‘The old man goes.’ 111 gʷəl (h)uy p’ayəqəxʷ al kʷi di a ad gʷəl
huy
p’ayəq=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
hew=now
al at
kʷi
di •a ad
REM
other.side•side
‘And then he carves there on the other side.’ 112
iˑ i INTJ
‘So.’ 113 xʷi gʷəsyəcəbtxʷs tsi ə
əgʷas
xʷi
gʷə=s=yəc–b–txʷ=s
tsi ə
NEG
SBJ=NM=report–MD–ECS=3PO
PROX:FEM
‘He does not tell his wife.’ 114 p’ayəqəxʷ p’ayəq=axʷ hew=now ‘He carves.’
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
88
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
115 hay gʷəl hay gʷəl huy kʷi stabs hay
gʷəl
hay
gʷəl
huyu
kʷi
stab–s
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
made
REM
what–3PO
‘And so, and so, he makes his thing.’ 116 gʷəl
il
gʷəl
il
SCONJ
arrive
‘And he arrives.’ 117 xʷi sixʷ gʷəs iltəbs xʷi
sixʷ
gʷə=s= il–t–b=s
NEG
PTCL
SBJ=NM=give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘Again he is not given any food.’ 118 xʷi
kʷi gʷat tu iligʷəd ti i
xʷi
kʷi
gʷat
tu= u– il•igʷəd
ti i
NEG
REM
who
PAST=PFV–give.food•inside.body
DIST
‘No one was generous to him with food.’ 119 tu ʷ (h)uy ʷul’ ƛ’ulək’ʷəd tu ʷ huy just
SCONJ
ʷul’ only
ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS
‘Instead she always just eats it.’ 120 hay ahəxʷ ʷul’ əxʷcutəb hay SCONJ
a=axʷ
ʷul’
be.there=now
only
as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD
‘So he simply thinks,’ 121 ƛ’ub əs ista ƛ’ub well
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘ “So be it.” ’ 122 hay huy bə u ʷc ti i sp’ayəqs hay
huy
bə= u ʷ–c
ti i
s=p’ayəq=s
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=go–ALTV
DIST
NM=hew=3PO
‘So, then he goes back to his carving.’
Martha Williams Lamont
123 ƛ’up’a ad ti ə
89
s p’ayəqs sup’qs ti ə suhuyalikʷs
ƛ’u=p’a a–t
ti ə
s=p’ayəq=s
sup’qs
ti ə
s= u–huyu–alikʷ=s
HAB=try–ICS
PROX
NM=hew=3PO
hair.seal
PROX
NM=PFV–made–ACT=3PO
‘He tries out his hair-seal carving that he was making.’ 124
uhuyud sup’ayəqs u–huyu–t
s= u–p’ayəq=s
PFV–made–ICS
NM=PFV–hew=3PO
‘He made his carving.’ 125 dᶻəgʷa dxʷsp’ayəq ti ə cədi luƛ’ dᶻəgʷa dxʷs–p’ayəq ti ə cədi expert
PROC–hew
luƛ’
s/he
PROX
old
‘This old man is a skilled carver.’ 126 ƛ’uhilidəxʷ ti ə sup’qs uƛ’ubəs uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut ƛ’u=hili–t=axʷ
ti ə
sup’qs
u=ƛ’ub=as
HAB=command–ICS=now
PROX
hair.seal
IRR=well=3SBRD
u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
‘He always tells the seal that it should bend itself part way back over and over.’ 127
ʷul’ab ə kʷi ƛ’ubəsəshuys ʷul’ab ə ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a
al ti ’ƛ’a
al kʷi ’ƛ’a
əsp’il.
ʷul’ab
ə
same.way
PR
kʷi
water
ƛ’u=bə=s= as–huyu=s HAB=ADD=NM=STAT–made=3PO
REM
al qʷu at
al qʷu
al at
ti
’ƛ’a stone
SPEC
al kʷi at
REM
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
same.way
PR
DIST
’ƛ’a
hikʷ
’ƛ’a
as–p’il
stone
big
stone
STAT–flat
‘Just as it would do, just as in the water on a rock, on a rock, a big flat rock.’ 128 huy t’agʷtədəxʷ a huy
t’agʷt–t=axʷ
SCONJ
on.top–ICS=now
a be.there
‘Then he puts it on top there.’ 129 huy k’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cutəxʷ ti i
pay
huy
k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut=axʷ
ti i
pay
SCONJ
DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL=now
DIST
cedar
‘Then that red cedar wood repeatedly bends itself part way back.’
90
130
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
əshuytxʷ as–huyu–txʷ STAT–made–ECS
‘He makes it so.’ 131 taˑ
ə ti ti sup’qs
tə truly
ə ‿ti seemingly
ti
sup’qs
SPEC
hair.seal
‘Truly it is similar to a hair seal.’ 132 tu ʷ xʷi u xʷ ləxʷu ələ di səshuys tu ʷ
xʷi
u xʷ
lə=xʷu ələ
di
s= as–huyu=s
just
NEG
PTCL
NEGP=maybe
FOC
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘But it was still not acting quite right.’ 133 bəkʷədad bə=kʷəda–t ADD=taken–ICS
‘He takes it again.’ 134 gʷəl bəp’ayəqbid gʷəl
bə=p’ayəq–bi–t
SCONJ
ADD=hew–MAP–ICS
‘And he carves it again.’ 135
iˑ i INTJ
‘So.’ 136 bəqʷibid bə=qʷibi–t ADD=prepared–ICS
‘He fixes it some more.’ 137 bəhuytxʷ bə=huyu–txʷ ADD=made–ECS
‘He works on it some more.’
Martha Williams Lamont
91
138 gʷəl (h)uy bəqʷibid gʷəl
huy
bə=qʷibi–t
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=prepared–ICS
‘And then he fixes it more.’ 139 gʷəl bə ahəd gʷəl
bə= a–t
SCONJ
ADD=be.there–ICS
‘And he puts it there again.’ 140 k’ʷal ’cut k’ʷal ’–t–sut bend–ICS–REFL ‘It bends itself part way back.’ 141 huy k’ʷalal ’cut huy
k’ʷal–al ’–t–sut
SCONJ
DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
‘Then it bends itself part way back.’ 142 huy gʷəl ƛ’u flop ə tihəxʷ huy
gʷəl
ƛ’u=flop
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=flop
ə ‿ti=axʷ seemingly=now
‘And then it always sort of flops.’ 143 ƛ’udᶻakʷacut ʷul’ab ə ti i … ƛ’u–dᶻakʷa–t–sut HAB=shake–ICS–REFL
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
same.way
PR
DIST
‘It always shakes itself like that ...’ 144 huy gʷəl q’ʷa q’ʷabəxʷ huy
gʷəl
q’ʷa q’ʷa–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
bark.like.seal–MD=now
‘And then it barks.’ 145 q’ʷa q’ʷabəxʷ ti i
ə ti ʷul’ab ə ti i sup’qs
q’ʷa q’ʷa–b=axʷ
ti i
bark.like.seal–MD=now
DIST
‘It sort of barks like a hair seal.’
ə ‿ti seemingly
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
sup’qs
same.way
PR
DIST
hair.seal
92
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
146 q’ʷa q’ʷab q’ʷa q’ʷa–b bark.like.seal–MD ‘It barks.’ 147 q’ʷa q’ʷab ti i cədi sup’qs q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
ti i
cədi
sup’qs
bark.like.seal–MD
DIST
s/he
hair.seal
‘That hair seal barks.’ 148 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 149
əsdukʷ u xʷ ti i q’əyuq’ʷs as–dukʷu STAT–abnormal
u xʷ
ti i
q’əyuq’ʷ–s
PTCL
DIST
throat–3PO
‘Its throat is still not right.’ 150 bəkʷədad bə=kʷəda–t ADD=taken–ICS
‘He takes it again.’ 151 gʷəl bəqʷibid gʷəl
bə=qʷibi–t
SCONJ
ADD=prepared–ICS
‘And he fixes it some more.’ 152 bə u ʷtxʷ bə= u ʷ–txʷ ADD=go–ECS
‘He takes it again.’ 153 bətabəd bə=taba–t ADD=do–ICS
‘He does it again.’
Martha Williams Lamont
93
154 qʷibid qʷibi–t prepared–ICS ‘He fixes it.’ 155
uqʷibid u–qʷibi–t PFV–prepared–ICS
‘He fixes it.’ 156 huy pay huyu
pay
made
cedar
‘It is made out of red cedar.’ 157 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy uhuyud aci talbixʷ gʷəl
tu ʷ
huy
SCONJ
just
SCONJ
u–huyu–t PFV–made–ICS
aci talbixʷ people
‘He makes it into people (i.e., a sentient creature).’ 158
uhuyud sup’qs u–huyu–t
sup’qs
PFV–made–ICS
hair.seal
‘He makes it into a hair seal.’ 159
əsƛ’ub uhəli as–ƛ’ub
u=həli
STAT–well
IRR=alive
‘It is well that it be alive.’ 160 hay bə u ʷtxʷ hay
bə= u ʷ–txʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go–ECS
‘So, he takes it again.’ 161 gʷəl bəqʷibid gʷəl
bə=qʷibi–t
SCONJ
ADD=prepared–ICS
‘And he fixes it again.’
94
162
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ʷəyalqəbəxʷ ti ə cədi luƛ’ ə təd ə ta a dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi
alalš ə tsi ə
s adəy ʷəyalqəb=axʷ plot.to.kill=now
ti ə
cədi
luƛ’
PROX
s/he
old
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi PROC–DSTR–hunt
ə təd
ə
ta a
in.law PR
al–alš
ə
PL–cross.sex.sibling
PR
DIST:UNQ.DMA
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
‘This old brother-in-law to those very hunters, the brothers of his wife, plans to kill them.’ 163 huy gʷəl bə u ʷtxʷ ti ə sup’qs huy
gʷəl
bə= u ʷ–txʷ
ti ə
sup’qs
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=go–ECS
PROX
hair.seal
‘So then he takes the hair seal.’ 164 gʷəl bəcuuc gʷəl
bə=cut–c
SCONJ
ADD=say–ALTV
‘And he tells it again,’ 165 hay q’ʷa q’ʷab hay
q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
SCONJ
bark.like.seal–MD
‘ “So bark!’ 166 q’ʷa q’ʷab əxʷ q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
əxʷ
bark.like.seal–MD
2SG.SUB
‘ “You bark.” ’ 167 q’ʷa q’ʷab ti i cədi q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
ti i
cədi
bark.like.seal–MD
DIST
s/he
‘It barked.’ 168 ha
kʷi sq’ʷa q’ʷa s ti həla bəxʷ sup’qs
ha
kʷi
s=q’ʷa q’ʷa =s
ti
həla b=axʷ
sup’qs
good
REM
NM=bark.like.seal=3PO
SPEC
really=now
hair.seal
‘Its genuine hair seal’s bark is nice.’
Martha Williams Lamont
95
169 hay k’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut al ti i stab ’ƛ’a hay
k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut
SCONJ
DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
al at
ti i
stab
’ƛ’a
DIST
what
stone
‘So, it repeatedly bends itself part way back on that, what is it?, rock.’ 170 huy tababəxʷ ti i cədi sup’qs huy
tab–aba=axʷ
SCONJ
DIM.EFF–do=now
axʷ ti tə həla bəxʷ tə sup’qs
ti i
cədi
sup’qs
DIST
s/he
hair.seal
həla b=axʷ
tə
really=now
truly hair.seal
ə =axʷ‿ti seemingly=now
tə NSPEC
sup’qs
‘Then that hair seal carries on much like a true hair seal.’ 171
u ə idid u– ə idid PFV–DIM.EFF:what.happen
‘How is it acting?’ 172
uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
‘It repeatedly bends itself part way back.’ 173 hay gʷəl uq’ʷa q’ʷab hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=q’ʷa q’ʷa–b IRR=bark–MD
‘So then it will bark.’ 174
uq’ʷa q’ʷab ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usucucut ə kʷ(i) sup’qs i əst’agʷtəs u=q’ʷa q’ʷa–b IRR=bark–MD
sup’qs hair.seal
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
ƛ’u=s= u–cut–cut
same.way
PR
DIST
HAB=NM=PFV–DSTR–say
ə PR
kʷi REM
i – as–t’agʷt=as PRTV–STAT–on.top=3SBRD
‘It will bark the way a hair seal sounds when it is on top (i.e., out of the water).’ 175 hay cuucəxʷ ti ə sup’qs hay
cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
sup’qs
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PROX
hair.seal
‘So, he says to the hair seal,’
96
176
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ
əxʷ
STAT–well–INCH=now
2SG.SUB
‘ “You are all right now.’ 177
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ al ti i adəxʷ a əxʷ
as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now
al
2SG.SUB
at
ti i
ad=dəxʷ= a
DIST
2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
‘ “You are all right now where you are.’ 178
u acid əd al ti ə adəxʷ a u= a–t–sid
əd
IRR=be.there–ICS–2SG.OBJ
al ti ə
1SG.SUB
at
ad=dəxʷ= a
PROX
2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
‘ “I will put you where you are.’ 179 dəgʷi sup’qs xʷa ucucut dəgʷi
sup’qs
you
hair.seal
xʷa
u=cut–cut
2SG.COORD
IRR=DSTR–say
‘ “You are a hair seal and you will speak.’ 180
əbil’ əxʷ ušudxʷ ti i uləgʷa ʷ u s əƛ’cbicids ti i s ə ə təd əbil’
əxʷ
perhaps
2SG.SUB
u=šu –dxʷ
ti i
IRR=see–DC
DIST
u=s= əƛ’–c–bicid=s IRR=NM=come–ALTV–2SG.OBJ=3PO
u=lə=gʷa ʷ IRR=PROG=walk
ti i
s ə ə təd
DIST
in.law
‘ “Perhaps you will see some who will be travelling, my in-laws will come after you.’ 181
ulə əƛ’as əlgʷə
ə ti i q’il’bids əlgʷə
u=lə= əƛ’=as
əlgʷə
IRR=PROG=come=3SBRD
u= ista –b IRR=be.like–MD
PL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
xʷa u istab ə ti i
ə
ti i
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
PR
DIST
canoe–3PO
PL
‘ “When they come in their canoe, you will be like this:’ 182
u ’axʷacut u– ’axʷa–t–sut PFV–clubbed–ICS–REFL
‘ “Beat yourself!’
xʷa 2SG.COORD
Martha Williams Lamont
183
97
u ’axʷaxʷacut əxʷ u= ’axʷ–axʷa–t–sut
əxʷ
IRR=DIM.EFF–clubbed–ICS–REFL
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will thrash about.’ 184
uk’ʷalk’ʷal ’cut əxʷ xʷa uq’ʷa q’ʷab u=k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–t–sut IRR=DSTR–bend–ICS–REFL
əxʷ
xʷa
2SG.SUB
u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
2SG.COORD
PFV–bark–MD
‘ “You will keep bending yourself back and you bark.’ 185
uq’ʷa q’ʷab əxʷ ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usəshuy ə ti i sup’qs u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
əxʷ
PFV–bark–MD
2SG.SUB
ti i
sup’qs
DIST
hair.seal
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
ƛ’u=s= as–huyu
same.way
PR
DIST
HAB=NM=STAT–made
ə PR
‘ “You bark the way a hair seal does.’ 186
ulə əƛ’axʷəs əlgʷə
ulə ulu
u=lə= əƛ’=axʷ=as
əlgʷə
IRR=PROG=come=now=3SBRD
u=lə= ulu IRR=PROG=travel.by.water
PL
‘ “When they come, they will be travelling by canoe.’ 187 wəli ƛ’usəsa
li
al ti i ƛ’uq’il’bids sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə xʷi xʷi adads
wəli
ƛ’u=s əsali
without.hesitation
HAB=two:HMN
əlgʷə
xʷi xʷi •adad–s
PL
hunt•power–3PO
al ti i at
DIST
ƛ’u=q’il’bid–s
s=xʷi xʷi =s
HAB=canoe–3PO
NM=hunt=3PO
‘ “Two will appear suddenly in their hunting canoe with their hunting tackle.” ’ 188 huy gʷəl əgʷ axʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əgʷ =axʷ leave=now
‘And then he leaves it.’ 189 gʷəl cuucəxʷ gʷəl
cut–c=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
‘And he tells it,’
98
190
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ əxʷ ta a as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ
əxʷ
STAT–well–INCH=now
ta a
2SG.SUB
DIST:UNQ.DMA
‘ “You are fine there.” ’ 191 huy t’uk’ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi stubš luƛ’ huy
t’uk’ʷ=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
stubš
luƛ’
SCONJ
go.home=now
PROX
s/he
man
old
‘Then this man, the old fellow goes home.’ 192 gʷəl ləyəcəbtxʷ ti ə
ə ə təds al tə al al
gʷəl
lə=yəc–b–txʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
PROG=report–MD–ECS
PROX
ə – ə təd–s
al tə
DSTR–in.law–3PO
at
NSPEC
‘And he tells his in-laws at home,’ 193 di ti sxʷi xʷi ləp d ə ə təd ti uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut al ta a əxʷ di
ti
sxʷi xʷi –ləp
d– ə – ə təd
ti
FOC
SPEC
game–2SG.PO
1SG.PO–DSTR–in.law
SPEC
u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut
al
PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
ta a =axʷ
at
DIST:UNQ.DMA=now
‘ “There is your game, my in-laws, that which bends itself back there.’ 194
’ƛ’a
ista
’ƛ’a
ista
stone
be.like
‘ “It is like a rock.’ 195 t’agʷt ti i sxʷi xʷi ləp t’agʷt
ti i
sxʷi xʷi –ləp
on.top
DIST
game–2SG.PO
‘ “Your game is on top.’ 196
a ti sup’qs al ta a a be.there
ti
sup’qs
SPEC
hair.seal
al at
ta a DIST:UNQ.DMA
‘ “A hair seal is there over on that (rock).” ’ 197
aˑ si ab bədi u u ʷc ə a
si ab
bə=di
INTJ
noble
ADD=FOC
u= u ʷ–c IRR=go–ALTV
‘ “Ah, sir, that too we will go after.’
ə 1PL.SUB
al al house
Martha Williams Lamont
198
a al ti i
uk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cut
a be.there
99
al
ti i
at
u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL
DIST
‘ “It is there on that, it repeatedly bends itself back.’ 199
əst’agʷt’agʷil al ti i
’ƛ’a al
as–t’agʷ–t’agʷ–il STAT–DSTR–on.top–INCH
at
ti i
’ƛ’a
DIST
stone
‘ “It has climbed onto that rock.” ’ 200 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
əlgʷə PL
‘Then they go.’ 201
u ʷtub ti ə u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS
ti ə PROX
‘They take it.’ 202 xʷac’atəbəxʷ ti ə sdəxʷi xʷac’a–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
sdəxʷi
carry–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
hunting.canoe
‘A hunting canoe is carried.’ 203 gʷəl lə u ʷtub gʷəl
lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b
SCONJ
PROG=go–ECS–PASS
‘And it is taken.’ 204 gʷəl ləbə atəb al ti i qʷu gʷəl
lə=bə a–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=fall–ICS–PASS
al ti i at
DIST
‘And it is set down in the water.’ 205 gʷəl ləq’ilagʷil əlgʷə gʷəl
lə=q’ili–agʷil
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=aboard–AUTO
PL
‘And they get in.’
qʷu water
100
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
206 gʷəl u ʷ dxʷsəsa li dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi
alalš ə tsi ə s adəy
əgʷas ə tə luƛ’
dxʷsp’ayəq gʷəl
u ʷ go
SCONJ
dxʷ–səsa li
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
CTD–two:HMN
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
PROC–DSTR–hunt
əgʷas wife
ə PR
al–alš
ə
PL–cross.sex.sibling
tə
luƛ’
dxʷs–p’ayəq
NSPEC
old
PROC–hew
PR
‘And the two hunters, brothers of the woman, wife of the old canoe maker, go.’ 207
u ʷ tudi tə suk’ʷalalk’ʷal ’cuts al tudi u ʷ go
’ƛ’a
tudi
tə
s= u–k’ʷal–al–k’ʷal ’–t–sut=s
DIST.DMA
NSPEC
NM=PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–bend–ICS–REFL=3PO
tudi
al at
’ƛ’a
DIST.DMA
stone
‘They go over there where it repeatedly bends itself back on the rock over there.’ 208 k’ʷalk’ʷal ’cut ti i cədi k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–t–sut
ti i
cədi
DSTR–bend–ICS–REFL
DIST
s/he
‘It repeatedly bends itself back.’ 209
uk’ʷalk’ʷal ’əb uq’ʷa q’ʷab u–k’ʷal–k’ʷal ’–b
u–q’ʷa q’ʷa–b
PFV–DSTR–bend–MD
PFV–bark–MD
‘It repeatedly bends itself back, it barks.’ 210 sup’qs ti i tə sup’qs
ti i
tə
hair.seal
DIST
truly
‘It is a hair seal for certain.’ 211 sxʷi xʷi tə sxʷi xʷi
tə
game
truly
‘It is game for certain.’ 212
u ʷcəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
PROX
s/he
PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘It is gone after by the hunters.’
Martha Williams Lamont
101
213 tiləbəxʷ uxʷəbagʷiləxʷ dxʷ al qʷu ti i cədi sup’qs tiləb=axʷ
u–xʷəb–agʷil=axʷ
immediately=now cədi
sup’qs
s/he
hair.seal
PFV–thrown–AUTO=now
dxʷ– al
qʷu
ti i
CNTRPT–at
water
DIST
‘Suddenly that hair seal throws itself into the water.’ 214 huy bəƛ’iqiqəxʷ huy
bə=ƛ’iq–iqi=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=DIM.EFF–emerge=now
‘Then it surfaces intermittently.’ 215 huy caq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə caadi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi huy
caq’a–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
impaled–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
PROX
they
PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘Then it is speared by these hunters.’ 216
abcutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəscaq’atəbs ab–t–sut=axʷ extend–ICS–REFL=now
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s=caq’a–t–b=s
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘It extends itself in order to get speared.’ 217 k’əyi ucaq’atəbəxʷ k’əyi pretend
u=caq’a–t–b=axʷ IRR=impaled–ICS–PASS=now
‘It is pretending so it will be speared.’ 218 hay di i uscaq’atəbs hay
di –i
u=s=caq’a–t–b=s
SCONJ
suddenly–INTNS
IRR=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘So, suddenly it will be speared.’ 219 hay usaxʷəb dxʷgʷəd hay SCONJ
u=saxʷəb IRR=jump
‘So it will run down.’
dxʷ–gʷəd CNTRPT–down
102
220
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
usaxʷəb
əxʷ dxʷgʷəd
xʷa u u ʷ dxʷ al kʷi adəxʷ u ʷ dxʷlil dxʷ al kʷi
usbə a ad ə tə swatixʷtəd kʷi adəxʷ at ʷ u=saxʷəb
əxʷ
IRR=jump
dxʷ–gʷəd
2SG.SUB
CNTRPT–down
u=ad=dəxʷ= u ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=go
ə PR
xʷa
u= u ʷ dxʷ– al
2SG.COORD
IRR=go
dxʷ–lil
dxʷ– al
kʷi
CNTRPT–far
CNTRPT–at
REM
tə
swatixʷtəd
kʷi
NSPEC
land
REM
CNTRPT–at
kʷi REM
u=s=bə •a ad IRR=NM=fall•arm
u=ad=dəxʷ= a–t ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there–ECS
‘ “You will run down and you will go to wherever you may go, far away to the edge of the world, to where you will take them,’ 221 dəgʷi sup’qs dəgʷi sup’qs you
hair.seal
‘ “You, hair seal.” ’ 222 cutəb ə ti ə cədi cut–t–b
u icil
ə
say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
u– icil PFV–angry
‘It is spoken to by the one who is angry.’ 223 huy huyəxʷ əs ista huy
huyu=axʷ
SCONJ
made=now
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘Then it is done like that.’ 224 caq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə caadi ti i caq’a–t–b=axʷ
ə
impaled–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ucutəb ə tudi luƛ’ sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə ti ə
caadi
ti i
PROX
they
DIST
tudi
luƛ’
sxʷi xʷi –s
əlgʷə
DIST.DMA
old
game–3PO
PL
u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
‘That which yonder old man has told them was their game is speared by them.’ 225 caq’atəbəxʷ ti ə sup’qs caq’a–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
sup’qs
impaled–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
hair.seal
‘The hair seal is speared.’
Martha Williams Lamont
103
226 huy u ʷəxʷ dxʷgʷəd huy
u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
dxʷ–gʷəd
go=now
CNTRPT–down
‘Then it goes down.’ 227
usiləxʷ dxʷgʷəd usil=axʷ
dxʷ–gʷəd
dive=now
CNTRPT–down
‘It dives down.’ 228 gʷəl bə u ʷ gʷəl
bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘And it goes on.’ 229 təlawiltub ti ə caadi təlawil–txʷ–b
ti ə
caadi
run–ECS–PASS
PROX
they
‘It runs off with them.’ 230
ʷul’əxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ti ə dii ’u ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ləs– aƛ’alap
ti ə
dii ’u
PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle
PROX
one:HMN
‘The one (brother) is just steering with a paddle.’ 231 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
go–ECS–PASS=now
‘Then they are taken.’ 232 ləskʷəd ə ti ə cədi gʷətusgʷa s gʷət’əbi əd ə ti ə cədi dəxʷəscaq’alikʷs sta s əlgʷə ləs–kʷəd
ə
PROG.STAT–taken
PR
gʷə=t’əbi əd
ə
SBJ=rope
PR
ti ə PROX
cədi s/he
gʷə=tu=s=gʷa =s SBJ=PAST=NM=ones.own=3PO
ti ə
cədi
dəxʷ= as–caq’a–alikʷ=s
PROX
s/he
ADNM=STAT–impaled–ACT=3PO
sta –s
əlgʷə
harpoon–3PO
PL
‘They are taken by what must have been the rope for their two-pronged harpoon for spearing.’
104
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
233 saxʷəbtubəxʷ saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ jump–ECS–PASS=now ‘They are run off with.’ 234 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ləƛ’ abcut ti ə cədi gʷəl SCONJ
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
i ilaq
lə=ƛ’ ab–t–sut
ti ə
cədi
PROG=double.over–ICS–REFL
PROX
s/he
i – ilaq PRTV–stern
‘And the one in the stern just doubles over.’ 235 ƛ’iq’a i əxʷ ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi ƛ’iq’•a i =axʷ
ti ə
cədi
dxʷs–xʷi xʷi
sticky•hand=now
PROX
s/he
PROC–hunt
‘The hunter’s hands are stuck.’ 236 ƛ’ukʷa ədəxʷ2 ƛ’u=kʷa –t=axʷ HAB=released–ICS=now
‘He would have released it.’ 237 huy ucutəb ə ti ə huy SCONJ
ay’əds
u–cut–t–b
ə
PFV–say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə PROX
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
‘Then he is spoken to by his companion.’ 238 kʷa ədəxʷ əxʷ kʷa ədəxʷ kʷa –t=axʷ released–ICS=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
kʷa –t=axʷ released–ICS=now
‘ “Let go of it! Let go of it!’ 239
usaxʷəbtub ə dxʷlil u–saxʷəb–txʷ–b PFV–jump–ECS–PASS
ə 1PL.SUB
dxʷ–lil CNTRPT–far
‘ “We are being run off with far away.” ’
__________ 2
The sense of this sentence is probably that the hunter repeatedly made the motion of releasing the rope over and over.
Martha Williams Lamont
105
240 ƛ’ukʷa əd ƛ’u=kʷa –t HAB=released–ICS
‘He would have released it.’ 241 xʷi əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO
‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 242 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO
‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 243 huy uƛ’iq’a i əxʷ al ti ə səxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə t’əbi əd ə ta a cədi huy
u–ƛ’iq’•a i =axʷ
al ti ə
PFV–sticky•hand=now
SCONJ
ə PR
ta a
cədi
DIST:UNQ.DMA
s/he
at
PROX
səxʷ–xʷi xʷi =s
əlgʷə
t’əbi əd
INSTR–hunt=3PO
PL
rope
‘Then his hands are stuck to their hunting tackle, the rope on that (hair seal).’ 244 xʷi əxʷ gʷəskʷa dxʷs xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s=kʷa –dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=released–DC=3PO
‘He could not manage to let go of it.’ 245
uƛ’iq’əxʷ al ti aləs u–ƛ’iq’=axʷ PFV–sticky=now
al at
ti SPEC
aləs–s hand–3PO
‘It is sticky on his hands.’ 246 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now
‘Then they were taken.’ 247
ʷul’əxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ti ə cədi ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ay’əds
ləs– aƛ’alap
ti ə
cədi
PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle
PROX
s/he
‘His companion is just steering with a paddle.’
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
106
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
248 ƛ’al’əxʷ ƛ’al’=axʷ also=now ‘More of the same.’ 249
ʷul’əxʷ ə ti bəday’əxʷ gʷəsəshuys ti i s ʷul’səxʷ ləs aƛ’alap ʷul’=axʷ
ə ‿ti
only=now
seemingly
bə=day’=axʷ
gʷə=s= as–huyu=s
ti i
ADD=uniquely=now
SBJ=NM=STAT–made=3PO
DIST
s= ʷul’=s=axʷ
ləs– aƛ’alap
NM=only=3PO=now
PROG.STAT–steer.with.paddle
‘All it seems he can do is just steer with the paddle.’ 250 huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
go–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they are taken.’ 251 gʷəl huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
go–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘And then they are taken.’ 252 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
əlgʷə
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘And then they are taken.’ 253 ƛ’u usil ƛ’u= usil HAB=dive
‘It always dives.’ 254 gʷəl ubə uˑ ʷ ti ə cədi ti sup’qs gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go
ti ə
cədi
ti
sup’qs
PROX
s/he
SPEC
hair.seal
‘And this, the hair seal, will go some more.’ 255 gʷəl ubə u ʷ al kʷi ad gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go
al at
kʷi REM
ad where
‘And it will go on toward somewhere.’
Martha Williams Lamont
107
256 huy u u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy
u– u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
əlgʷə
PFV–go–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they are taken.’ 257 gʷəl qʷšaabəxʷ ti swatixʷtəd gʷəl
qʷšaab=axʷ
ti
swatixʷtəd
SCONJ
foggy=now
SPEC
land
‘And the world becomes foggy.’ 258 ƛ’asha ləb yu ti ə swatixʷtəd ƛ’u= as–ha –b
yu
ti ə
swatixʷtəd
HAB=STAT–good–MD
good
PROX
land
‘This world usually has really nice weather.’ 259 qʷšaaˑbəxʷ qʷšaab=axʷ foggy=now ‘It is foggy now.’ 260
uqʷšaabəxʷ u–qʷšaab=axʷ PFV–foggy=now
‘It has become foggy.’ 261 huy u ʷtubəxʷ huy
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
go–ECS–PASS=now
‘Then they are taken.’ 262 qaˑ slə il kʷi tusaxʷəbtubs əlgʷə qa
slə il
many daylight
ə ti ə sup’qs
kʷi
tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
REM
PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
sup’qs hair.seal ‘For many days they are run off with by the hair seal.’ 263
əsqʷšaaˑb as–qʷšaab STAT–foggy
‘It is foggy.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
108
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
264 xʷi əxʷ kʷi stabəxʷ gʷəƛ’ašudxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aˑl kʷədi tuk’ʷidə dat xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
stab=axʷ
gʷə=ƛ’u= as–šu –dxʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
NEG=now
REM
what=now
SBJ=HAB=STAT–see–DC
PL
CNTRPT–at
kʷədi
tu=k’ʷid•ə •dat
REM.DMA
PAST=how.many•CLS•day
‘They could not see anything for many days.’ 265 xʷu ələ
əs ə id cəlac slə il kʷədi tusaxʷəbtubs
xʷu ələ
as– ə id
maybe
STAT–what.happen
cəlac
slə il
kʷədi
five
daylight
REM.DMA
tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘Maybe it was five days that they were run off with.’ 266 hay gʷəl tasp’ədiltub hay
gʷəl
tu= as–p’ədil–txʷ–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=STAT–drift.ashore–ECS–PASS
‘And so they were run aground.’ 267
əs a kʷ əlgʷə kʷi səsgʷəƛ’əltubs əlgʷə as– a kʷ STAT–seaward
ə ti ə cədi ləsaxʷəbtxʷ
əlgʷə
kʷi
s= as–gʷəƛ’əla–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
PL
REM
NM=STAT–stopped–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
ti ə
cədi
lə=saxʷəb–txʷ
PROX
s/he
PROG=jump–ECS
ə PR
‘Where they are stranded by this kidnapping is out at sea.’ 268 di əxʷ ə ti sli lil ə ti ə sqʷšaab di =axʷ suddenly=now
ə ‿ti
s=li –lil
seemingly
ə
NM=ATTN–far
PR
ti ə
s=qʷšaab
PROX
NM=foggy
‘Suddenly the fog sort of goes away.’ 269
uwəli iləxʷ s tab hiˑkʷ əw’ə pay’ac ti ə ləsaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷə u–wəli –il=axʷ PFV–visible–INCH=now
stab
hikʷ
əw’ə
pay’•ac
what
big
PTCL
cedar•tree
lə=saxʷəb–txʷ
əlgʷə
PROG=jump–ECS
PL
ti ə PROX
‘That which had run off with them appears as something, as a big red cedar tree.’
Martha Williams Lamont
270
əsp’uˑsəbəxʷ ti i
109
pay’ac
as–p’usəb=axʷ
ti i
pay’•ac
STAT–float=now
DIST
cedar•tree
‘The red cedar tree is floating.’ 271
əsqaˑ s ’as ’ast as–qa
s ’as– ’ast
STAT–many
DSTR–branch
‘It has lots of branches.’ 272 put ik’ʷ sa put
ik’ʷ
really
ugly
sa bad
‘It is very ugly and bad.’ 273 saˑ s pay’ac sa
s= pay’•ac
bad
NM=cedar•tree
‘It is a bad red cedar tree.’ 274 taˑ tusaxʷəbtxʷ əlgʷə tə
tu=saxʷəb–txʷ
əlgʷə
truly
PAST=jump–ECS
PL
‘Truly it had run off with them.’ 275
udukʷud u–dukʷu–t PFV–abnormal–ICS
‘It has put a spell on them.’ 276
aləxʷ kʷədi liˑl di i lil sbə a ad ə ti i swatixʷtəd ti i s ahildubs əlgʷə al=axʷ at=now
kʷədi
lil
di i
lil
s=bə a ad
REM.DMA
far
yonder
far
NM=far.edge
ti i
s= a–il–dxʷ=s
əlgʷə
DIST
NM=be.there–INCH–DC=3PO
PL
ə
ti i
swatixʷtəd
PR
DIST
land
‘At a great distance, a long way away at the edge of the world, they were placed.’ 277 ləli swatixʷtəd ləli
swatixʷtəd
different
land
‘It is a different world.’
110
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
278 ləli ləli different ‘It is different.’ 279 huy gʷəl cutəxʷ əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
cut=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
PL
‘And then they say,’ 280
as aləxʷ kʷi ushuy ə u= as– al=axʷ
kʷi
IRR=STAT–how=now
u=s=huyu
REM
ə
IRR=NM=made
1PL.PO
‘ “What will we do?” ’ 281
ahəxʷ əlgʷə
al kʷədi dəxʷ ə tis əlgʷə dəxʷt’agʷts əlgʷə
al ti ə cədi
swatixʷtəd a=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there=now
al kʷədi at
PL
REM.DMA
dəxʷ=t’agʷt=s
əlgʷə
ADNM=on.top=3PO
PL
dəxʷ= ə ‿ti=s
əlgʷə
ADNM=seemingly=3PO
PL
al ti ə at
PROX
cədi
swatixʷtəd
s/he
land
‘They are there at that (place) where it seems they are on top of the world.’ 282 swatixʷtəd gʷəl tu ʷ put ə ti əsbə ʷubad swatixʷtəd gʷəl
tu ʷ
put
land
just
really
SCONJ
ə ‿ti seemingly
əsbə ʷubəd [??]
‘It is a world but it was sort of quite ʔəsbə ʷubad.’ 283 ləli swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ ildubs ləli
swatixʷtəd
ti ə
dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s
different
land
PROX
ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO
‘Where they have been taken is a different world.’ 284
aləxʷ kʷi tust’aq’ts tuscutsəxʷ əlgʷə al=axʷ at=now
kʷi
tu=s=t’aq’t=s
tu=s=cut=s=axʷ
əlgʷə
REM
PAST=NM=inland=3PO
PAST=NM=say=3PO=now
PL
‘They spoke at (this place) they had been put on,’
Martha Williams Lamont
285
111
u ubəhəxʷ u= ubə=həxʷ IRR=go.inland=now
‘ “Go up from shore now!” ’ 286
ubə ubə go.inland ‘They go up.’
287 xʷacadəxʷ əlgʷə tsi ə tsi ə sxʷi xʷi ad ad s əlgʷə q’il’bids əlgʷə xʷaca–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
tsi ə
tsi ə
s=xʷi xʷi •adad=s
carry–ICS=now
PL
PROX:FEM
PROX:FEM
NM=hunt•spirit.power=3PO
əlgʷə
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
PL
canoe–3PO
PL
‘They carry it, their hunting gear and their canoe.’ 288 gʷəl lə ubətxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
lə= ubə–txʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=go.inland–ECS
PL
‘And they take it inland.’ 289 gʷəl lə adᶻil t’aq’təxʷ gʷəl
lə= ac–il
t’aq’t=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG=hidden–INCH
inland=now
‘And they hide up inland.’ 290 cick’ʷəxʷ əlgʷə ləsxʷak’ʷiləxʷ cick’ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
ləs–xʷak’ʷil=axʷ
very=now
PL
PROG.STAT–tired=now
‘They are very tired.’ 291 huy ahəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
al ti i
a=axʷ be.there=now
əlgʷə
al at
PL
ti i DIST
‘Then there they are in that (place).’ 292 gʷəl ə ə əxʷ ə ti ə caadi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi ləgʷləgʷəb gʷəl SCONJ
ə –ə =axʷ DIM.EFF–sick=now
ə mind
ti ə
caadi
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
PROX
they
PROC–DSTR–hunt
112
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ləgʷ–ləgʷəb DSTR–youth
‘And these young hunters are worried.’ 293
as al kʷi ushuys əlgʷə u= as– al
kʷi
IRR=STAT–how
u=s=huyu=s
əlgʷə
IRR=NM=made=3PO
REM
PL
‘What will they do?’ 294
ad swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ atubs ad where
swatixʷtəd
ti ə
dəxʷ= a–txʷ–b=s
land
PROX
ADNM=be.there–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘Where in the world had they been put?’ 295
adᶻiləxʷ əlgʷə ac–il=axʷ
əlgʷə
hidden–INCH=now
PL
‘They hide.’ 296 di kʷi gʷəs as kʷi lə ə id di
kʷi
gʷə=s= a=s
kʷi
lə= ə id
FOC
REM
SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO
REM
PROG=what.happen
‘That is in case something happens.’ 297 tə di tə
kʷi sdᶻalqs ə ti i hiˑkʷ ə ut s lə əƛ’ di kʷi s=dᶻal•qs ə ti i
truly suddenly
NM=turn•nose
REM
PR
DIST
hikʷ big
ə ut s Nootka.canoe
lə= əƛ’ PROG=come
‘Indeed, the rounding the point of a big Nootkastyle canoe that is coming is sudden.’ 298 hikʷ q’il’bid tudi lə əƛ’ hikʷ
q’il’bid
tudi
lə= əƛ’
big
canoe
DIST.DMA
PROG=come
‘What is coming there is a big canoe.’ 299 gʷəl ə ti ’a ’as ti i lə ulu gʷəl SCONJ
ə ‿ti seemingly
’a ’as ti i child
DIST
lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water
‘And the one who is travelling by water seems to be a child.’
Martha Williams Lamont
300
113
i ilaq i – ilaq PRTV–stern
‘He is toward the stern.’ 301 lə ulu lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water
‘He is canoeing.’ 302 lə əƛ’ lə= əƛ’ PROG=come
‘He is coming.’ 303 tudi
u əƛ’ u– əƛ’
tudi DIST.DMA
PFV–come
‘Yonder he comes.’ 304
udᶻalqs u–dᶻal•qs PFV–turn•nose
‘He rounds the point.’ 305
əˑƛ’ ti i cədi əƛ’
ti i
cədi
come
DIST
s/he
‘He comes.’ 306
ahəxʷ əlgʷə a=axʷ be.there=now
əlgʷə PL
‘There they are.’ 307
əs adᶻil al ti i qʷ qʷ ay as– ac–il STAT–hidden–INCH
al at
ti i
qʷ qʷ ay
DIST
thicket
‘They are hiding in the thickets.’
114
308
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
aƛ’ log s tab tə ƛ’usda a təbs dᶻək’ʷalu aƛ’
log
brush log
stab
tə
ƛ’u=s=da a–t–b=s
dᶻək’ʷalu
what
NSPEC
HAB=NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
driftwood
‘A brushy place, logs – what was it called? – driftwood.’ 309 dᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷalu ti i səs adᶻils əlgʷə bək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷalu ti i s= as– ac–il=s əlgʷə bək’ʷ tsi ə DSTR–driftwood
DIST
q’il’bids
əlgʷə
canoe
PL
NM=STAT–hidden–INCH=3PO
PL
all
PROX:FEM
‘Where they hide with their canoe is in the driftwood.’ 310 hay əƛ’axʷ hay
əƛ’=axʷ come=now
SCONJ
‘So he comes.’ 311 gʷəl ləgʷəƛ’əlaˑd gʷəl
lə=gʷəƛ’əla–t
SCONJ
PROG=stopped–ICS
‘And he stops.’ 312
al ti i
a kʷbids əlgʷə tusgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti i
al ti i at
a kʷ–bid–s seaward–RLNL–3PO
DIST
əlgʷə
tu=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t
PL
PAST=NM=stopped–ICS
‘To the waterside of them he stopped.’ 313
’a ’as ti i ’a ’as child
ti i DIST
‘He is a child.’ 314 hikʷ q’il’bid ti ə dəxʷu ulu s hikʷ
q’il’bid
ti ə
dəxʷ= u– ulu =s
big
canoe
PROX
ADNM=PFV–travel.by.water=3PO
‘What he travels in is a big canoe.’ 315 tu ʷ bə ’a ’as tu ʷ
bə= ’a ’as
just
ADD=child
‘He is still just a child.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
316
115
a gʷəl ahəxʷ kʷi sgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti ə cədi a
gʷəl
INTJ
a=axʷ be.there=now
SCONJ
kʷi
s=gʷəƛ’əla–t
REM
NM=stopped–ICS
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
’a ’as
al
‘And then there he stops.’ 317
ə ti uba scut əs al kʷədi səshuys u–ba s–t–sut
ə ‿ti seemingly
as– al
PFV–stationary–ICS–REFL
kʷədi
STAT–how
REM.DMA
s= as–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He seems to be stationary, whatever he is doing.’ 318 gʷəƛ’əlad a gʷəƛ’əla–t
a
stopped–ICS be.there ‘He stops there.’ 319 hay a u əy ista ti ə cədi ti ’a ’as al ti a kʷbids əlgʷə hay
a
u– əy– ista
be.there
SCONJ
PFV–RDP–be.like
a kʷ–bid–s
ti ə
cədi
ti
PROX
s/he
SPEC
child
at
əlgʷə
seaward–RLNL–3PO
PL
‘So he, the child, is like this there to the waterside of them:’ 320 di əxʷ kʷi s u ʷs s usilsəxʷ di =axʷ
kʷi
s= u ʷ=s
s= usil=s=axʷ
FOC=now
REM
NM=go=3PO
NM=dive=3PO=now
‘He goes, he dives.’ 321
uˑsil usil dive ‘He dives.’
322 haw’ u ə id ə til’ i ti al ti ə haw’ hey
u= ə id IRR=what.happen
ə PR
u usil til’ i
ti
later.on
SPEC
al ti ə at
‘Oh, what will happen presently to the one who dove?’
PROX
u– usil PFV–dive
ti SPEC
116
323
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə ʷul’=axʷ
əsgʷəƛ’əlad
əlgʷə
only=now
as–gʷəƛ’əla–t STAT–stopped–ICS
PL
‘They just stay still.’ 324
ʷul’ ə as i iyəqcut ʷul’
ə
only
u= as– i iyəqcut
1PL.SUB
IRR=STAT–keep.quiet
‘ “We will just keep quiet.” ’ 325 di kʷi sƛ’iq ə ti i
’a ’as
di
kʷi
s=ƛ’iq
FOC
REM
NM=emerge
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
’a ’as child
‘There is the child emerging.’ 326 yəl’yəla i
ə ti ə cədi s ut əw’ə ti ə suxʷi xʷi s
yəl’–yəl•a i
ə PR
DSTR–both•hand
ti ə
cədi
s ut
əw’ə
ti ə
PROX
s/he
halibut
PTCL
PROX
s= u–xʷi xʷi =s NM=PFV–hunt=3PO
‘In each of his hands is a halibut, that is what he hunted.’ 327 gʷəl q’ilid ti ə s ut gʷəl
q’ili–t
ti ə
s ut
SCONJ
aboard–ICS
PROX
halibut
‘And he puts the halibut into the canoe.’ 328 xʷəbəd xʷəb–t thrown–ICS ‘He throws them in.’ 329 sali ti i
əskʷədad
sali
ti i
two
DIST
as–kʷəda–t STAT–taken–ICS
‘What he has caught are two.’ 330 hay ʷul’ u is istab hay SCONJ
ʷul’ only
u– is– ista –b PFV–DSTR–be.like–MD
‘That is just what he is doing.’
Martha Williams Lamont
331 huy gʷəl bə usil ti i cədi
117
’a ’as
huy
gʷəl
bə= usil
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=dive
DIST
s/he
’a ’as child
‘And then that child dives again.’ 332 bə usil bə= usil ADD=dive
‘He dives again.’ 333
uxʷi xʷi haw’ə u–xʷi xʷi
ə ti i s ut
haw’ə
PFV–hunt
PTCL
ə
ti i
s ut
PR
DIST
halibut
‘He’s fishing for halibut.’ 334 xʷu ələ ƛ’uxʷi xʷi ti ə
a kʷbid ə
xʷu ələ
ƛ’u= u–xʷi xʷi
ti ə
maybe
HAB=PFV–hunt
PROX
a kʷ–bid seaward–RLNL
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “I guess he fishes to the waterside of us.’ 335 xʷu ələ
əs ə id kʷi sgʷəšəbads
xʷu ələ maybe
as– ə id STAT–what.happen
kʷi
s=gʷəšəbad=s
REM
NM=disappear=3PO
‘ “How long, I wonder, will he disappear for?” ’ 336 di kʷi bəsƛ’iqs di
kʷi
bə=s=ƛ’iq=s
FOC
REM
ADD=NM=emerge=3PO
‘He emerged again.’ 337 bəkʷədad ti i sxʷi xʷi s bə=kʷəda–t
ti i
sxʷi xʷi –s
ADD=taken–ICS
DIST
game–3PO
‘Again he takes his game.’ 338 bəšəqəd bə=šq–t ADD=high–ICS
‘He lifts them up.’
118
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
339 hikʷ h ikʷ s ut hikʷ–hikʷ
s ut
DSTR–big
halibut
‘They were great big halibut.’ 340 gʷəl bəq’ilid əlgʷə gʷəl
bə=q’ili–t
əlgʷə
SCONJ
ADD=aboard–ICS
PL
‘And he puts them in the canoe again.’ 341 xʷəbtəb ə ti ə cədi ti ə sxʷi xʷi s xʷəb–t–b
ə
thrown–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
cədi
ti ə
sxʷi xʷi –s
PROX
s/he
PROX
game–3PO
‘His game is thrown in by him.’ 342
ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əšuuc
əlgʷə
as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV
PL
‘They just look at it.’ 343
dxʷ cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə
dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ
əlgʷə
CTD–say–DSD=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘They think this,’ 344
uˑ day’əxʷ u INTJ
day’=axʷ uniquely=now
‘ “Oh, imagine that!’ 345 di əxʷ dᶻə di =axʷ
ə tə gədu ti i s ə əds dᶻə ə tə gədu
FOC=now
PTCL
PR
NSPEC
so.and.so
‘ “It must be that guy’s food.” ’ 346 tuhuy əsyubiləxʷ əlgʷə tuhuy PAST=SCONJ
as–yubil=axʷ STAT–starve=now
‘By then they were starving.’
əlgʷə PL
ti i
s ə əd–s
DIST
food–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
347
119
əstagʷəxʷəxʷ as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ STAT–hungry=now
‘They are hungry now.’ 348
əs ʷil’əxʷ as– ʷil’=axʷ STAT–lost=now
‘They are lost.’ 349 xʷu ələ k’ʷid kʷədi sxʷi xʷi s uq’ilid xʷu ələ
k’ʷid
kʷədi
sxʷi xʷi –s
maybe
how.much
REM.DMA
game–3PO
u–q’ili–t PFV–aboard–ICS
‘How much is there of the catch he put in the canoe?’ 350 hay bə u ʷəxʷ hay
bə= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go=now
‘So, he goes again.’ 351 ƛ’uha kʷ kʷi ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ƛ’u=ha kʷ
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s
HAB=long.time
REM
HAB=NM=disappear=3PO
‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 352 hagʷəxʷ kʷi ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ha kʷ=axʷ
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s
long.time=now
REM
HAB=NM=disappear=3PO
‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 353 cutəxʷ ti ə dii ’u cut=axʷ
ti ə
dii ’u
say=now
PROX
one:HMN
‘One of them says,’ 354 dəxʷ əxʷ u kʷ(i) adsəxʷcutəb dəxʷ [??]
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u INT
‘ “Do you think that,’
kʷi
ad=s= as–dxʷ–cut–ab
REM
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–CTD–say–DSD
120
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
355 di ƛ’ub ə gʷəskʷədxʷ kʷi də ’u di
ƛ’ub
FOC
well
ə 1PL.SUB
a 1PL.COORD
ə ti i s ut
a gʷəbələxʷacad tə q’il’bid ə
gʷə=s=kʷəda–dxʷ
kʷi
də ’u
SBJ=NM=taken–DC
REM
one
ə
ti i
s ut
PR
DIST
halibut
gʷə=bə=lə=xʷaca–t
tə
q’il’bid
SBJ=ADD=PROG=carry–ICS
NSPEC
canoe
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “We should take one of those halibut and carry our canoe back (here)?” ’ 356 gʷəl gʷəbəƛ’iqiq gʷəl
gʷə=bə=ƛ’iq–iqi
SCONJ
SBJ=ADD=DIM.EFF–emerge
‘And he emerges a little again.’ 357 ha kʷ tə ƛ’usgʷəšəbads ha kʷ
tə
ƛ’u=s=gʷəšəbad=s
long.time
NSPEC
HAB=NM=disappear=3PO
‘For a long time he would disappear.’ 358 huy huyucutəxʷ əlgʷə
əs is ta
huy
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL=now
PL
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘Then they prepare themselves accordingly.’ 359 ƛ’aq’ʷadəxʷ əlgʷə tə səs usils ƛ’aq’ʷa–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
tə
s= as– usil=s
lie.in.wait–ICS=now
PL
NSPEC
NM=STAT–dive=3PO
‘They lay in wait for him to dive.’ 360
u ʷ əlgʷə u ʷ go
əlgʷə PL
‘They go.’ 361 gʷəl lə is ti ə q’il’bid gʷəl
lə= il–s
ti ə
q’il’bid
SCONJ
PROG=arrive–ALTV
PROX
canoe
‘And they arrive at (the child’s) canoe.’ 362 gʷəl ləkʷədad ti ə s ut gʷəl
lə=kʷəda–t
ti ə
s ut
SCONJ
PROG=taken–ICS
PROX
halibut
‘And they take a halibut.’
Martha Williams Lamont
121
363 gʷəl ləq’ʷibid əlgʷə gʷəl
lə=q’ʷibi–t
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=disembark–ICS
PL
‘And they unload it.’ 364 q’ilid əlgʷə dxʷ al ti ə q’il’bids q’ili–t
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti ə
q’il’bid–s
aboard–ICS
PL
CNTRPT–at
PROX
canoe–3PO
‘They put it into their canoe.’ 365 bələ alil bə=lə= alil ADD=PROG=go.ashore
‘They go ashore again.’ 366 gʷəl bələxʷacad əlgʷə gʷəl
bə=lə=xʷaca–t
əlgʷə
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=carry–ICS
PL
‘And they carry the canoe back.’3 367 gʷəl lə adᶻil əlgʷə gʷəl
lə= ac–il
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=hidden–INCH
PL
‘And they hide.’ 368 daˑgʷəxʷəxʷ dəgʷəxʷəxʷ [??] ‘They get under it.’ 369 diˑ kʷi sƛ’iq ə ti ə
’a ’as
di
kʷi
s=ƛ’iq
FOC
REM
NM=emerge
ə PR
ti ə PROX
’a ’as child
‘There the child is emerging.’ 370 q’ilid ti ə sxʷi xʷi s q’ili–t
ti ə
sxʷi xʷi –s
aboard–ICS
PROX
game–3PO
‘He puts his catch in the canoe.’
__________ 3
The verb xʷacad is typically used for carrying canoes.
122
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
371 hiˑ gʷəƛ’iƛ’əlad a hay
gʷəƛ’i–ƛ’əla–t
SCONJ
ATTN–stopped–ICS
a be.there
‘So, he pauses there.’ 372 tiləbəxʷ uq’ilagʷiləxʷ tiləb=axʷ
u–q’ili–agʷil=axʷ
immediately=now
PFV–aboard–AUTO=now
‘Suddenly he gets aboard (his canoe).’ 373 q’ilagʷiləxʷ q’ili–agʷil=axʷ aboard–AUTO=now ‘He gets aboard.’ 374
iˑ šuuc ti ə sxʷi xʷi s i i INTJ
šu –c
ti ə
sxʷi xʷi –s
i
see–ALTV
PROX
game–3PO
INTJ
‘He looks at his catch for some time.’ 375 xʷi
4
xʷi NEG
‘No!’ 376 hay gʷəl hay gʷəl atxʷ əlgʷə ti ə sqada s hay
gʷəl
hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
a–txʷ be.there–ECS
əlgʷə
ti ə
s=qada =s
PL
PROX
NM=steal=3PO
‘But (the brothers) have put what they had stolen there (where they are).’ 377 haydubəxʷ ə tudi hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ
ə
known–DC–PASS=now
PR
tudi DIST.DMA
‘The (child) over there knows.’ 378
uqadadid əlgʷə u–qada–di–t PFV–steal–SS–ICS
’a ’as əlgʷə PL
’a ’as child
‘They have stolen from the child.’
__________ 4
The tape reel is turned over at this point.
Martha Williams Lamont
379 hay t ’adi əxʷ ti ə
123
’a ’as
hay
t ’•adi =axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
point•ear=now
PROX
’a ’as child
‘So the child points.’ 380 dxʷ ad ti ə
uqadadid
dxʷ– ad
ti ə
CNTRPT–where
PROX
u–qada–di–t PFV–steal–SS–ICS
‘Where have those who stole from him gone?’ 381 kiisəxʷ al ti i q’il’bids kiis=axʷ
al ti i
stand=now
at
DIST
q’il’bid–s canoe–3PO
‘He stands up in his canoe.’ 382 huy t ’adi əxʷ huy
t ’•adi =axʷ
SCONJ
point•ear=now
‘Then he points.’ 383 t ’adi əxʷ t ’•adi =axʷ point•ear=now ‘He points.’ 384
iˑ lət ’adi i
lə=t ’•adi PROG=point•ear
INTJ
‘Oh, he is pointing.’ 385
ad kʷi usgʷəƛ’əlad ə ti ə ad
kʷi
where
aləs i
u=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t
REM
IRR=NM=stopped–ICS
ə PR
‘Where will his arm stop?’ 386 di
kʷi sgʷəƛ’əlads
di
kʷi
s=gʷəƛ’əla–t=s
suddenly
REM
NM=stopped–ICS=3PO
‘Suddenly it stops.’
ti ə PROX
aləs–s hand–3PO
i INTJ
124
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
387 yuhu u yuhu u sure.enough ‘Sure enough!’ 388
uhaydub ə
ə tə xʷi ləha
u–hay–dxʷ–b
ə
PFV–known–DC–PASS
ə
1PL.SUB
PR
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “We have been found by the no-good so and so!’ 389 gʷəƛ’əlad tə aləs dxʷ al dibə gʷəƛ’əla–t
tə
stopped–ICS
NSPEC
aləs–s hand–3PO
dxʷ– al
dibə
CNTRPT–at
we
‘ “His arm has stopped toward us.’ 390 huy dudkʷibə huy
dudkʷibə
SCONJ
be.strange
‘ “It is strange!” ’ 391 hay huy gʷə(l) aˑlil hay
huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
alil go.ashore
‘And so then (the child) goes ashore.’ 392
aˑlil alil go.ashore ‘He goes ashore.’
393 gʷə(l) gʷəl SCONJ
isəb əlgʷə il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS
‘And they are come to.’ 394 gʷəl ləkʷəd gʷəl
lə=kʷəd
SCONJ
PROG=taken
‘They are taken.’
əlgʷə PL
Martha Williams Lamont
395
125
ʷul’ ukʷəd ti ə caadi ʷul’ only
u–kʷəd PFV–taken
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘They are just taken.’ 396
ʷul’ ukʷəd ti i cədi ʷul’ only
u–kʷəd
ti i
cədi
PFV–taken
DIST
s/he
‘They are just taken.’ 397 gʷəl ləkʷədkʷəda aditəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
lə=kʷəd–kʷəda•a ad–di–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=DSTR–taken•arm–SS–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘And they are taken by the arms.’ 398 lə ib ibapsəbtəb əlgʷə
ə ti ə
’a ’as
lə= ib– ib•apsəb–t–b
əlgʷə
PROG=DSTR–claw•throat–ICS–PASS
PL
ə PR
ti ə PROX
’a ’as child
‘Then they are grasped by the neck by the child.’ 399 gʷəl u ʷtub əlgʷə dxʷ al ti ə q’il’bid gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti ə
q’il’bid
PL
CNTRPT–at
PROX
canoe
‘And they are taken to his canoe.’ 400 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb əlgʷə dxʷ al əsq’il gʷəl
lə=xʷəb–t–b
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
SCONJ
PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
PL
CNTRPT–at
‘And they are thrown aboard.’ 401 kʷədaxʷ tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə kʷəd=axʷ
tsi ə
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
taken=now
PROX:FEM
canoe–3PO
PL
‘Their canoe is taken.’ 402 gʷəl lə u ʷtub gʷəl
lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b
SCONJ
PROG=go–ECS–PASS
‘And it is taken.’
as–q’il STAT–aboard
126
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
403 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ u iditəb gʷəl
ʷul’=axʷ
SCONJ
u– idi–t–b
only=now
PFV–tied–ICS–PASS
‘And it is tied up.’ 404
iditəb ə ti ə cədi idi–t–b
ə
tied–ICS–PASS PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘It is tied up by him.’ 405 huy gʷəl q’ilitəbəxʷ ti ə tusqada s əlgʷə s ut huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
q’ili–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
tu=s=qada =s
aboard–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
PAST=NM=steal=3PO
əlgʷə
s ut
PL
halibut
‘And then the halibut they have stolen is put on board.’ 406 hay tudəqiləxʷ əlgʷə hay
tudəq–il=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
enslaved–INCH=now
PL
‘So they become slaves.’ 407 haydxʷəxʷ əlgʷə hay–dxʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
known–DC=now
PL
‘They realize it.’ 408
əsdukʷ əw’ə ti ə as–dukʷu STAT–abnormal
əw’ə
ti ə
PTCL
PROX
‘ “He is supernatural indeed.’ 409
əxʷcutəbid ə
’a ’as
as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “We thought him to be a child.’ 410 huy dᶻəgʷa qʷiq’ʷ huy dᶻəgʷa qʷiq’ʷ SCONJ
expert
strong
‘ “But he is very strong.” ’
’a ’as child
Martha Williams Lamont
127
411 huy u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
əlgʷə
go–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they are taken.’ 412 t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷədi di i t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
kʷədi
di i
go.home–ECS–PASS=now
PL
CNTRPT–at
REM.DMA
yonder
‘They are taken to his home a way off there.’ 413 tudəqiləxʷ əlgʷə tudəq–il=axʷ
əlgʷə
enslaved–INCH=now
PL
‘They become slaves.’ 414 xʷi kʷi səsaydxʷs əlgʷə ti ə dəxʷ aliltubs əlgʷə
ə ti i
pay’ac s a a s əlgʷə
swatixʷtəd xʷi
kʷi
s= as–hay–dxʷ=s
əlgʷə
ti ə
NEG
REM
NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
PL
PROX
dəxʷ= alil–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
ADNM=go.ashore–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
ə
ti i
pay’•ac
PR
DIST
cedar•tree
s= a a =s
əlgʷə
swatixʷtəd
NM=fail.to.recognize=3PO
PL
land
‘They do not know where they had been put ashore by that red cedar tree so they fail to recognize the land.’ 415 huy lil lil ti ə dəxʷsaxʷəbtubs əlgʷə huy
lil
lil
ti ə
dəxʷ=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
SCONJ
far
far
PROX
ADNM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘Then the place to where they have been taken is far, far away.’ 416 ciˑck’ʷəxʷ əlgʷə
əs ə ə axʷ ə
cick’ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
very=now
PL
as– ə –ə =axʷ
ə
STAT–DIM.EFF–sick=now
mind
‘They are very worried now.’ 417 gʷəl bastagʷəxʷəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aˑl kʷi s ildubs əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷədi di i gʷəl
bə= as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
kʷi
SCONJ
ADD=STAT–hungry=now
PL
CNTRPT–at
REM
128
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
s= il–dxʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
kʷədi
di i
NM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO
PL
CNTRPT–at
REM.DMA
yonder
‘And they are hungry because they had been taken way, way off.’ 418 qaˑ əs a lil qa
as– a lil
many
STAT–live
‘Many are living there.’ 419 haac ə ti al al gʷəstabəs al al al ə ti ə haac
ə ‿ti
long
al al
seemingly
house
əs a lil
gʷə=stab=as SBJ=what=3SBRD
al– al al
ə
DSTR–house
PR
ti ə PROX
as– a lil STAT–live
‘There are long houses, it seems, if the houses of those who live there are houses.’ 420 qa kʷədšəd aci talbixʷ qa
kʷədšəd
many
certainly
aci talbixʷ people
‘There certainly are a lot of people.’ 421 hay cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti i cədi
aci talbixʷ
hay
cut–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
aci talbixʷ people
‘So, they are spoken to by those people.’ 422 haw’ə di əw’ə ti ƛ’ucutəb qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ti ə dəxʷ ildubs haw’ə
di
əw’ə
ti
ƛ’u=cut–t–b
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
ti ə
PTCL
FOC
PTCL
SPEC
HAB=say–ICS–PASS
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
PROX
dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO
‘They are called dwarves where they have been brought.’ 423 qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ mam’ad aci talbixʷ qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
mam’ad
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
small:PL
‘They are dwarves, little people.’
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
129
424 tu ʷ (h)uy luƛ’luƛ’ tu ʷ
huy
luƛ’–luƛ’
just
SCONJ
DSTR–old
‘But they are adults.’ 425 mam’ad ac aci talbixʷ ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ mam’ad
ac– aci talbixʷ
small:PL
DSTR–people
ti i
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Those dwarves are little people.’ 426 di əxʷ dəxʷ ildubsəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə cədi
di =axʷ
dəxʷ= il–dxʷ–b=s=axʷ
əlgʷə
FOC=now
ADNM=arrive–DC–PASS=3PO=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘It is there they are taken by him.’ 427
’a ’as kʷi ə bids əlgʷə ’a ’as child
kʷi REM
ə bid–s intentions–3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘They thought he was a child.’ 428 gʷaˑ bəluƛ’ gʷa
bə=luƛ’
INTJ
ADD=old
‘But he is an adult.’ 429 kʷədatəb ti i kʷəda–t–b
ti i
taken–ICS–PASS
DIST
‘It (his catch) is taken.’ 430 gʷəl ubətub ti ə sxʷi xʷ i gʷəl
ubə–txʷ–b
SCONJ
go.inland–ECS–PASS
ə ti i caadi ti ə
sxʷi xʷi
PROX
game
ə
ti i
caadi
PR
DIST
they
‘And the catch is taken up from shore by them.’ 431 xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti ə s ə əds al kʷi əsq’ʷəl xʷi NEG
gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s
əlgʷə
ti ə
s ə əd–s
SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO
PL
PROX
food–3PO
as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked
‘They do not eat food that is cooked.’
al at
kʷi REM
130
432
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ʷul’ əlgʷə lələk’ʷəd ic’ ʷul’ only
əlgʷə
lə=lək’ʷ–t
PL
PROG=eaten–ICS
ic’ raw
‘They only eat it raw.’ 433 huy ləli qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy
ləli
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
SCONJ
different
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Dwarves are different.’ 434 huy put əspukʷpukʷəb ti ə s uˑlə huy
put
SCONJ
really
əgʷadi
as–pukʷ–pukʷəb STAT–DSTR–piled.up
ti ə
s ulə
PROX
dentalia
əgʷ•adi seaward•side
‘Then a lot of dentalia are piled up in front of the houses.’ 435 ti ə ƛ’us uˑlə di stabigʷs ti ə
ƛ’u=s ulə
di
stabigʷs
PROX
HAB=dentalia
FOC
valuables
‘These dentalia are valuable goods.’ 436
al kʷədi tuha kʷ ti i s ulə al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
tu=ha kʷ
ti i
s ulə
PAST=long.time
DIST
dentalia
‘They had been there a long time.’ 437 ƛ’u ə bid ə ti i cədi ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə ƛ’u ə ti gʷəs a ʷu ƛ’u= ə –bi–t HAB=be.fed–MAP–ICS
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
ƛ’u= ə ‿ti
gʷə=s a ʷu
HAB=seemingly
SBJ=clam
ə ti c’ubc’ub
ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
ə ‿ti seemingly
c’ubc’ub barnacles
‘(The dwarves) subsisted on what they always ate, maybe clams, maybe barnacles.’ 438 tu ʷ (h)uy hikʷikʷ (h)a
s ulə
tu ʷ huy
hikʷ–hikʷ
ha
s ulə
just
DSTR–big
good
dentalia
SCONJ
‘There were lots of dentalia.’
Martha Williams Lamont
131
439 stabigʷs al ti i tudᶻixʷ tuslə il al kʷədi tuha kʷ stabigʷs al ti i tu=dᶻixʷ tu=s=lə –il valuables
at
PAST=first
DIST
al kʷədi
PAST=NM=light–INCH
at
REM.DMA
tu=ha kʷ PAST=long.time
‘They were valuable goods in the first days long ago.’ 440 ƛ’al’ bas ista
al dibə
aləxʷ ti ə tudxʷ əƛ’ əb
ƛ’al’ bə= as– ista
al dibə
ADD=STAT–be.like
also
at
al=axʷ
we
at=now
ti ə
tu=dxʷ– əƛ’–ab
PROX
PAST=CTD–come–DSD
‘It is the same for us as for those who came before.’ 441 hay ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə hay
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
SCONJ
əshiq’ʷabid ti ə qa əsqʷat əlgʷə
as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS
PL
ti ə
qa
PROX
many
as–qʷat STAT–laid.out
‘So (the brothers) are simply coveting this great amount lying there.’ 442 huy cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘Then they are spoken to by (the dwarf).’ 443
əsgʷaadiltxʷ ti i as–gʷaad–il–txʷ
ti i
STAT–down:PL–INCH–ECS
DIST
‘He sits them down.’ 444 xʷu ələ cutəb ti i cədi
’a ’as
xʷu ələ
cut–t–b
ti i
cədi
maybe
say–ICS–PASS
DIST
s/he
’a ’as child
‘Perhaps that child has been told,’ 445 gʷaadiltxʷ ti i
aci talbixʷ al tə a əs agʷiltub əlgʷə
gʷaad–il–txʷ
ti i
down:PL–INCH–ECS
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
as– agʷil–txʷ–b STAT–lay.out.mat–ECS–PASS
al tə at
NSPEC
əlgʷə PL
‘ “Seat those people there where mats have been laid.” ’
a be.there
132
446
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ahəxʷ əlgʷə
al ti i
a=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there=now
al
ti i
at
PL
DIST
‘They are there at that (place).’ 447
ahəxʷ əlgʷə
al ti i
a=axʷ
əsgʷaadil
əlgʷə
be.there=now
al
ti i
at
PL
as–gʷaad–il STAT–down:PL–INCH
DIST
‘There they are now sitting right there.’ 448
əshuyiləxʷ studəq as–huyu–il=axʷ
studəq
STAT–made–INCH=now
slave
‘They have become slaves.’ 449
u ə itub ə
ə kʷi util’ i
u= ə id–txʷ–b
ə
IRR=what.happen–ECS–PASS
ə
1PL.SUB
kʷi
PR
u=til’ i
REM
IRR=later.on
‘ “What is going to be done with us presently?” ’ 450 xʷ ub ə ti ʷul’ u atəb tə q’il’bids əlgʷə xʷ ub
ə ‿ti
ultimately
ʷul’
seemingly
only
u– a–t–b PFV–be.there–ICS–PASS
tə
q’il’bid–s
NSPEC
canoe–3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘In fact, it seems that their canoe has been put there.’ 451 ƛ’al’ buxʷacatəb ad əsq’ʷu
ə ti ə stab ad
ƛ’al’
bə= u–xʷaca–t–b
also
ADD=PFV–carry–ICS–PASS
where
as–q’ʷu STAT–gathered
ə PR
ti ə
stab
PROX
what
‘It too had been carried someplace together with its things (i.e., accessories).’ 452 hay ahəxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ
a=axʷ be.there=now
əlgʷə PL
‘So there they are.’ 453 xʷi gʷəsu ə əds əlgʷə
ə kʷi gʷasq’ʷəl
xʷi
gʷə=s= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
ə PR
‘(The dwarves) would not eat what is cooked.’
kʷi
gʷə= as–q’ʷəl
REM
SBJ=STAT–cooked
Martha Williams Lamont
454
133
ʷul’ ic’ ti i su ə əds əlgʷə ʷul’
ic’
only
raw
ti i
s= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
DIST
NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
‘What they eat is just raw.’ 455 huy xʷu ələ xʷi ləha kʷ kʷi tushəd iw’s əlgʷə huy SCONJ
xʷu ələ
xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
kʷi
tu=s=həd iw’=s
maybe
NEG
NEGP=long.time
REM
PAST=NM=indoors=3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘Then maybe they have not been inside very long.’ 456 gʷəl (h)uy huy gʷəcutadəxʷ ti i tul’šəq gʷəl
huy
huy
gʷəcutad=axʷ
ti i
tul’–šq
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
commotion=now
DIST
CNTRFG–high
‘And then then there is a noise from above.’ 457 gʷəcutadəxʷ kʷədi tul’šəq gʷəcutad=axʷ
kʷədi
tul’–šq
commotion=now
REM.DMA
CNTRFG–high
‘There is a noise from above.’ 458 gʷəhaw’ə gʷəhaw’ə
ušidᶻtəbəxʷ ti ə caadi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ u–šidᶻ–t–b=axʷ ti ə caadi
seemingly
PFV–sneak.attack–ICS–PASS=now
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
ə
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
PR
PROX
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
they
‘It seems that the dwarves are attacked without warning by the Duck People.’ 459 baˑlgʷas bu qʷ kʷi bək’ʷ s ads ə ti bu qʷ gʷə
ʷəl ti i bəgʷə t’aq’t gʷə
spa ad bu qʷ balgʷas
bu qʷ
kʷi
bək’ʷ s= ad=s
all.kinds
waterfowl
REM
all
gʷə ASSC
ʷəl sea
ə
NM=where=3PO
PR
ti
bu qʷ
SPEC
waterfowl
ti i
bə=gʷə
t’aq’t
gʷə
spa ad
bu qʷ
DIST
ADD=ASSC
inland
ASSC
tidal.flats
waterfowl
‘There were all kinds of Duck People from everywhere, sea ducks, and inland ducks, ducks of the tidal flats.’
134
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
460 šidᶻəxʷ ti i bu qʷ šidᶻ=axʷ sneak.attack=now
ti i
bu qʷ
DIST
waterfowl
‘Those waterfowl attack without warning.’ 461 gʷəl šidᶻəxʷ gʷəl
šidᶻ=axʷ
SCONJ
sneak.attack=now
‘They attack without warning.’ 462 huy qʷi qʷi adəxʷ tsi acəc tsi ə cədi huy
qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ
tsi acəc
tsi ə
cədi
SCONJ
DSTR–call.out=now
UNQ:FEM
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘Then this very one, she calls out in a loud voice.’ 463
uq’ʷu ap ʷu ələ uq’ʷu ap black.duck
ʷu ələ adverb
‘She is a black duck, I guess.’ 464
ahəxʷ əlgʷə
əshəd iw’
a=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there=now
as–həd iw’ STAT–indoors
PL
‘There they are inside the house.’ 465 huy yəcəbtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy
yəc–b–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
report–MD–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they are informed.’ 466
ə əxʷ ti əst’ugʷud əlgʷə ə =axʷ‿ti
as–t’ukʷu–t əlgʷə
seemingly=now
STAT–measure–ICS PL
‘It seems they sort of figured it out.’ 467
ušidᶻtəb ə u=šidᶻ–t–b
ə kʷi uyabuk’ʷ
IRR=sneak.attack–ICS–PASS
ə 1PL.SUB
ə PR
kʷi REM
u=yabuk’ʷ IRR=fight
‘ “We will be caught in a surprise attack by those who will fight.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
468
135
əšu əxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti i s isəbəxʷ
as–šu =axʷ
əlgʷə
STAT–see=now
PL
ə
ti i
s= il–s–b=axʷ
PR
DIST
NM=arrive–ALTV–PASS=now
‘(The brothers) are watching as (the dwarves) are come after.’ 469 həd iw’cəbəxʷ əlgʷə həd iw’–c–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
indoors–ALTV–PASS=now
PL
‘(The Duck People) came in after them.’ 470 huy gʷəl gʷə cut adəxʷ huy
gʷəl
gʷəcutad=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
commotion=now
‘And then there is a commotion.’ 471 sasaq’ʷəxʷ ti ə bu qʷ sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ
ti ə
bu qʷ
DSTR–fly=now
PROX
waterfowl
‘The Duck People fly up abruptly.’ 472
uˑ sasaq’ʷəxʷ u
sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ DSTR–fly=now
INTJ
‘They fly up abruptly.’ 473 gʷəl (h)uy i ʷi təbəxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə di i ti ə ƛ’usuc’uqʷəbs ƛ’usu ay’gʷasabacəb ə ti i st’u q’ʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
i ʷ•i –t–b=axʷ
ti ə
thrown.at•covering–ICS–PASS=now
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ə PR
PROX
ti ə
di –i
ti ə
PROX
INTNS–FOC
PROX
ƛ’u=s= u–c’uqʷəb=s
ƛ’u=s= u– ay’•gʷas•abac–b
HAB=NM=PFV–quill=3PO
HAB=NM=PFV–change•pair•body–MD
ti i
st’u q’ʷ
DIST
feather
ə PR
‘And then the dwarves are hit with these very things that would become quills, feathers from their moulting.’
136
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
474 ti i di i əxʷ dəxʷəgʷəlaltəbs ə ti ə bu qʷ bək’ʷ balgʷas bu qʷ ti i
di –i =axʷ
dəxʷ=lə=gʷəlal–t–b=s
DIST
INTNS–FOC=now
ADNM=PROG=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
bu qʷ
bək’ʷ
balgʷas
bu qʷ
waterfowl
all
all.kinds
waterfowl
ə
ti ə
PR
PROX
‘It is those very things that are used to kill them by the Duck People, all kinds of waterfowl.’ 475 ləpusutəb lə=pusu–t–b PROG=thrown.at–ICS–PASS
‘They are hit.’ 476 tiləb lə atəbəd ti i qʷiqʷiqʷistay’bixʷ tiləb
lə= atəbəd
ti i
qʷi–qʷi–qʷistay’bixʷ
immediately
PROG=die
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Right away the dwarves are dying.’ 477 ləcaq’atəb ə ti i ləxʷəbtəb ə ti i cədi ti i lə=caq’a–t–b PROG=impaled–ICS–PASS
cədi
ti i
s/he
DIST
ə
ti i
lə=xʷəb–t–b
PR
DIST
PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘(The dwarves) are impaled by what is being thrown by them.’ 478 tiləb lə atəbəd ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ti i sc’uqʷəb ə ti i st’u q’ʷ ə ti i bu qʷ tiləb
lə= atəbəd
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
immediately
PROG=die
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ə
ti i
st’u q’ʷ
ə
ti i
bu qʷ
PR
DIST
feather
PR
DIST
waterfowl
ə
ti i
sc’uqʷəb
PR
DIST
quill
‘Right away the dwarves are dying from the quills of Duck People’s feathers.’ 479
uˑ gʷəqʷatqʷat a d ti i u INTJ
gʷə=qʷat–qʷata–t
ti i
SBJ=DSTR–laid.out–ICS
DIST
‘Oh, they are laid out all over.’
Martha Williams Lamont
137
480 gʷəl šubali ti i cədi dəxʷəstudəqils gʷəl
šubali
ti i
cədi
dəxʷ= as–tudəq–il=s
SCONJ
many.die
DIST
s/he
ADNM=STAT–slave–INCH=3PO
‘Those who had enslaved them are dying.’ 481 huy gʷəl gʷə tqʷadəxʷ huy
gʷəl
gʷə tqʷad=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
fly.up.making.noise=now
‘And then (the Duck People) flew up all at once with lots of noise.’ 482
’axʷatəbəxʷ ə ti i cədi
aci talbixʷ
’axʷa–t–b=axʷ
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
clubbed–ICS–PASS=now
aci talbixʷ people
‘They are clubbed by the people (the brothers).’ 483
aƛ’ aƛ’isəxʷ ti ə k’ʷidid aƛ’– aƛ’i–s=axʷ DSTR–defend–ALTV=now
ti ə
k’ʷidid
PROX
how.many:HMN
‘They fight off some of them.’ 484 gʷəl ’axʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
ə kʷi di i
’axʷa–t=axʷ
SCONJ
ʷubt
əlgʷə
clubbed–ICS=now
ə PR
PL
kʷi
di –i
ʷubt
REM
INTNS–FOC
paddle
‘And they club them with that very paddle.’ 485 cutəb ə ti cut–t–b
ə
ti
say–ICS–PASS PR
SPEC
‘He is spoken to by him (his brother),’ 486 gʷə ’axʷadəxʷ əxʷ ə kʷi tul’ ti ə ha gʷə= ’axʷa–t=axʷ
əxʷ
SBJ=clubbed–ICS=now
bu qʷ waterfowl
ə PR
bu qʷ ə ti ə d ʷubt
ə
2SG.SUB
PR
kʷi
tul’
ti ə
ha
REM
CNTRPT
PROX
good
ti ə
d– ʷubt
PROX
1SG.PO–paddle
‘ “You could club these good waterfowl with my paddle.” ’ 487 huy ’axʷadəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
ə ti i
’axʷa–t=axʷ clubbed–ICS=now
ʷubt əlgʷə PL
‘Then he clubs them with that paddle.’
ə
ti i
ʷubt
PR
DIST
paddle
138
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
488 huy gʷəl qʷi qʷi adəxʷ huy
gʷəl
qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
DSTR–call.out=now
‘And then (the Black Duck) calls out over and over.’ 489
uqʷqʷatiləxʷ ti i ducks u–qʷ–qʷata–il=axʷ PFV–RDP–laid.out–INCH=now
ti i
ducks
DIST
ducks
‘The ducks are all laid out.’ 490 huy qʷi adəxʷ tsi ə cədi q’ʷu ap huy
qʷi ad=axʷ
tsi ə
cədi
q’ʷu ap
SCONJ
call.out=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
black.duck
‘Then Black Duck calls out,’ 491
aci talbixʷalaˑdxʷ tə dəxʷtəšaləp d alalš aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans
tə
dəxʷ=təš
NSPEC
ADNM=misfortune
a=lap be.there=2PL.PO
d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling ‘ “The cause of your misfortune there is humans, my brothers.’ 492
aci talbixʷalaˑdxʷ tə dəxʷtəš aləp aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans
tə
dəxʷ=təš
NSPEC
ADNM=misfortune
a=lap be.there=2PL.PO
‘ “The cause of your misfortune there is humans.’ 493 šəqla adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b
i
high•CNN•arm–MD
2PL.IMP
d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers.’ 494 šəqla adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b high•CNN•arm–MD
i 2PL.IMP
d– al–alš 1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers.” ’ 495 hay gʷəl bəgʷə tqʷadəxʷ ti i cədi bu qʷ hay
gʷəl
bə=gʷə tqʷad=axʷ
ti i
cədi
bu qʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=fly.up.making.noise=now
DIST
s/he
waterfowl
‘And so again these Duck People fly up all at once with lots of noise.’
Martha Williams Lamont
496 qaˑ kʷədi
139
uqʷatqʷat
qa
kʷədi
many
REM.DMA
u–qʷat–qʷata PFV–DSTR–laid.out
‘A lot of them are laid out there.’ 497 qʷatqʷat s ʷəyalqs əlgʷə qʷat–qʷata
s= ʷəyalq=s
əlgʷə
DSTR–laid.out
NM=kill=3PO
PL
‘They are lying dead.’ 498 šə əxʷs əlgʷə
u ə əd
s=šə =axʷ=s
əlgʷə
NM=make=now=3PO
PL
u= ə əd IRR=feed.on
‘(The ducks) are made into what they will eat.’ 499 huy gʷəl u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
əlgʷə
ti ə
caadi
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
PL
PROX
they
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘And then they go to these dwarves.’ 500 stab ti ə dəxʷu atəbəds əlgʷə stab
ti ə
dəxʷ= u– atəbəd=s
əlgʷə
what
PROX
ADNM=PFV–die=3PO
PL
‘What was causing them to die?’ 501 gʷəhaw’ə bədi ti ə tu ʷ ƛ’u aw’t ƛ’us əƛ’ ə tə stab st’u q’ʷ ay’wa sabacəbəs ti i gʷəhaw’ə
bə=di
ti ə
tu ʷ ƛ’u= aw’t
ƛ’u=s= əƛ’
seemingly
ADD=FOC
PROX
just
HAB=NM=come
stab
st’u q’ʷ
what feather
HAB=new
ay’•wa s•abac–b=as change•pair•body–MD=3SBRD
ə PR
tə NSPEC
ti i DIST
‘Again it seems that it is just the, what are they?, feathers that would come in anew when they moult.’ 502 ti i di əw’ə dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs ti i ə ti i
di
əw’ə dəxʷ=gʷlal–t–b=s
DIST
FOC
PTCL
ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘That must have been what has killed them.’
ti –i ə PL–PROX
140
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
503 huy əcədaxʷ əlgʷə tul’ al ti ə cədi qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy
əc–t=axʷ
SCONJ
extract–ICS=now
əlgʷə
tul’– al
ti ə
cədi
PL
CNTRFG–at
PROX
s/he
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Then they extract them from the dwarves.’ 504 tiləb up’alil ti ə d ii ’u tiləb
u–p’alil
immediately
PFV–revive
ti ə
dii ’u
PROX
one:HMN
‘Immediately one revives.’ 505 tiləb ugʷədil tiləb
u–gʷəd–il
immediately
PFV–down–INCH
‘Right away he sits up.’ 506 gʷəl bələ u ʷc əlgʷə ta a
i kʷəlq
gʷəl
bə=lə= u ʷ–c
əlgʷə
ta a
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=go–ALTV
PL
DIST:UNQ.DMA
‘And they go to some of the others there.’ 507 k’ʷid kʷədi səs aha i s k’ʷid
kʷədi
s= as– a•a i =s
how.much
REM.DMA
NM=STAT–be.there•hand=3PO
‘How many do they put their hands to?’ 508 bələgʷədil bə=lə=gʷəd–il ADD=PROG=down–INCH
‘(The dwarves) sit up.’ 509 bələp’alil bə=lə=p’alil ADD=PROG=revive
‘They revive.’ 510 huy haydxʷyidəxʷ əlgʷə huy
hay–dxʷ–yi–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
known–DC–DAT–ICS=now
PL
‘So they find out about them.’
i –kʷəlq PRTV–others
Martha Williams Lamont
511
u ƛ’ub ə u
ƛ’ub
INTJ
well
141
u ista txʷ ə
u– ista –txʷ
1PL.SUB
PFV–be.like–ECS
‘ “We should make it be like that.” ’ 512 huy p’al’p’aliləxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ huy
p’al’–p’alil=axʷ
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–revive=now
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Then the dwarves revive.’ 513
a ti ə bu qʷs əlgʷə a be.there
ti ə
bu qʷ–s
əlgʷə
PROX
waterfowl–3PO
PL
‘There are their waterfowl.’ 514 tu ’axʷad əlgʷə
ə ti i cədi
tu= ’axʷa–t
əlgʷə
PAST=clubbed–ICS
PL
ʷubt ə
ti i
cədi
ʷubt
PR
DIST
s/he
paddle
‘They had been clubbed with that paddle.’ 515 p’aalil ti i cədi p’aalil
ti i
cədi
revive:PL
DIST
s/he
‘They (the dwarves) revive.’ 516 qaˑ ti i s up’alil ə ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ qa
ti i
s= u–p’alil
many
DIST
NM=PFV–revive
ə
ti i
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
PR
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘The dwarves who revive are many.’ 517 huy hii bitəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə caadi
huy
hii –bi–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
happy–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘Then (the dwarves) are happy with them.’ 518 hii əxʷ əlgʷə
al kʷədi dəxʷ as
hii =axʷ
əlgʷə
happy=now
PL
al at
kʷədi
dəxʷ= a=s
REM.DMA
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘They are happy that they were there.’
142
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
519 tu ʷ əsaydxʷ əlgʷə tu ʷ just
as–hay–dxʷ
əlgʷə
STAT–known–DC
PL
‘They know now.’ 520
uhəli dub əlgʷə
ə ti ə sušə s əlgʷə studəq
u–həli –dxʷ–b
əlgʷə
PFV–alive–DC–PASS
ə PR
PL
ti ə
s= u–šə =s
əlgʷə
studəq
PROX
NM=PFV–make=3PO
PL
slave
‘They have been saved by these whom they had made slaves.’ 521 huy əsaydxʷ əlgʷə huy
as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC
SCONJ
əlgʷə PL
‘Then they know.’ 522 bu qʷ ti ə
s udxʷtəšs a
bu qʷ
ti ə
s= u–dxʷ–təš=s
a
waterfowl
PROX
NM=PFV–CTD–misfortune=3PO
be.there
‘It is the Duck People who have caused their misfortune there.’ 523 di tsi ə ƛ’ustab tsi ə dəxʷə atəbəds əlgʷə di
tsi ə
ƛ’u=stab
tsi ə
dəxʷ=lə= atəbəd=s
əlgʷə
FOC
PROX:FEM
HAB=what
PROX:FEM
ADNM=PROG=die=3PO
PL
‘That is what would cause them to die.’ 524 p’aalil əlgʷə p’aalil
əlgʷə
revive:PL
PL
‘They revive.’ 525 gʷəl hay ƛ’ubil gʷəl
hay
ƛ’ub–il
SCONJ
SCONJ
well–INCH
‘And so they become well.’ 526 hay tucutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi hay
tu=cut–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
PAST=say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
they
‘So they were spoken to,’
Martha Williams Lamont
143
527 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp ušuuc bid əxʷ ti ə ƛ’ub=axʷ
ələp
well=now
aci talbixʷ
u–šu –c–bi–d=axʷ
2PL.SUB
ti ə
PFV–see–ALTV–MAP–ICS=now
aci talbixʷ
PROX
people
‘ “You guys should look after these people (the brothers).’ 528
as aləxʷ kʷi ushuys u= as– al=axʷ
kʷi
IRR=STAT–how=now
u=s=huyu=s IRR=NM=made=3PO
REM
‘ “What are they going to do?” ’ 529 ƛ’uwiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ əlgʷə ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
HAB=ask–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘They would be asked,’ 530
əs al kʷi ushuyudləp ti ə s ə əd ə as– al
kʷi
STAT–how
u=s=huyu–t=lap IRR=NM=made–ICS=2PL.PO
REM
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “How are you guys going to prepare our food?” ’ 531 ƛ’uhuyud ə
ə ti i
ƛ’u=huyu–t
a ti ə bu qʷ
ə
HAB=made–ICS
1PL.SUB
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
a be.there
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
‘ “We would prepare what is there, the waterfowl.’ 532 di də ʷadᶻad ə ti di dəxʷ= ʷadᶻa–t FOC
ə
ADNM=annihilate–ICS
1PL.PO
ti SPEC
‘ “That is why we killed them.” ’ 533 gʷəl əs al kʷi ushuyudləp gʷəl SCONJ
as– al
kʷi
STAT–how
u=s=huyu–t=lap
REM
IRR=NM=made–ICS=2PL.PO
‘ “And how will you guys prepare it?” ’ 534
ə
tihəxʷ
xʷu ələ
gʷələli luud
əlgʷə
kʷi
gʷəsu idigʷat
qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ə ‿ti=həxʷ seemingly=now
xʷu ələ
gʷə=lə=li –lu–t
əlgʷə
kʷi
maybe
SBJ=PROG=ATTN–hear–ICS
PL
REM
ə
ti ə
144
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
gʷə=s= u– idigʷat
ə
SBJ=NM=PFV–say.what
PR
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘It seems they can sort of understand a little of what the dwarves are saying.’ 535 huy cuucəxʷ əlgʷə huy
cut–c=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PL
‘Then (the brothers) tell them,’ 536
uhudyid ə ti acəc u=hud–yi–t
ə
IRR=burn–DAT–ICS
ti acəc
1PL.SUB
UNQ
‘ “We will make a fire for them.” ’ 537
uˑ ƛ’ub
ələp
uhudyid ti i sxʷi xʷi ləp
di a ad kʷi shud upləp ələpa q’ʷəld əs istə u INTJ
ƛ’ub
ələp
well
u–hud–yi–t
di •a ad
go–ECS
al
other.side•side
s=hud• up=lap
at
NM=burn•fire=2PL.PO
DIST
tudi
2PL.COORD
sxʷi xʷi –ləp game–2SG.PO di •a ad
DIST.DMA
ələpa
u ʷtxʷ diˑ a ad
al tudi
ə kʷi ƛ’usulək’ʷədləp ti i
PFV–burn–DAT–ICS
2PL.SUB
u ʷ–txʷ
ələpa
ƛ’u=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=lap
REM
HAB=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=2PL.PO
REM
as– istə
cooked–ICS
kʷi
2PL.COORD kʷi
other.side•side
q’ʷəl–t
ələpa
STAT–be.like
ə PR
‘ “Oh, you guys should make a fire for your game and take it to the other side, way over there on the other side to make your cooking fire and cook it the way you guys always eat it.’ 538 huyud i əs ista huyu–t
i
made–ICS
as– ista
2PL.IMP
STAT–be.like
‘ “You guys prepare it that way!’ 539 ƛ’ub ələp u u ʷtxʷ lil xʷ ub xʷi kʷədšəd ƛ’ub well
ələp 2PL.SUB
u– u ʷ–txʷ lil PFV–go–ECS
far
xʷ ub
xʷi
kʷədšəd
ultimately
NEG
certainly
‘ “You guys should take it far, in fact it is certainly not (for us).’
Martha Williams Lamont
145
540 huy ə ƛ’asdᶻaƛ’bid gʷəsulək’ʷəd ə al kʷi səsq’ʷəls huy ə ƛ’u= as–dᶻaƛ’a–bi–t gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t 1PL.SUB
SCONJ
ə
HAB=STAT–confused–MAP–ICS
al
1PL.PO
at
kʷi
s= as–q’ʷəl=s
REM
NM=STAT–cooked=3PO
SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS
‘ “For we do not know how to eat when it is cooked.” ’ 541 huy əctəbaxʷ ə ti ə caadi ti ə huy
əc–t–b=axʷ
ə
extract–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
PR
ti ə
caadi
ti ə
PROX
they
PROX
‘Then they (the ducks) are plucked by them.’ 542 di ha
bu qʷ
di
ha
bu qʷ
FOC
good
waterfowl
‘They are good waterfowl.’ 543 huy əcədaxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
əc–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
extract–ICS=now
PL
‘Then they pluck them.’ 544
əc əd əc–t extract–ICS ‘They pluck them.’
545 ƛ’u u ʷtxʷəxʷ əlgʷə ƛ’u= u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
HAB=go–ECS=now
PL
‘They take them.’ 546 gʷəl uhudyitəbəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u–hud–yi–t–b=axʷ PFV–burn–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
‘And a fire is made for them.’ 547 gʷəl hudyitəbəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷq’ʷəltəbs gʷəl
hud–yi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
burn–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
al at
kʷədi REM.DMA
146
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
dəxʷ=q’ʷəl–t–b=s ADNM=cooked–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘And a fire is made for them where they are cooked.’ 548 huy q’ʷəlbaxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə bu qʷ
huy
q’ʷəl–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
cooked–CSMD=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
‘Then they cook the waterfowl.’ 549 q’ʷəldaxʷ əlgʷə
al ti ə dəxʷəshud ups
q’ʷəl–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
cooked–ICS=now
PL
al at
ti ə
dəxʷ= as–hud• up=s
PROX
ADNM=STAT–burn•fire=3PO
‘They cook them where their cooking fire is.’ 550 ha
bu qʷ ti ə
ubisəd əlgʷə s ə əds əlgʷə
ha
bu qʷ
ti ə
good
waterfowl
PROX
u–bis–t PFV–select–ICS
əlgʷə
s ə əd–s
əlgʷə
PL
food–3PO
PL
‘What they have selected for their food are nice ducks.’ 551 huy uhəli əxʷ əlgʷə lila ad huy SCONJ
u=həli =axʷ IRR=alive=now
əlgʷə
lil•a ad
PL
far•side
‘Then they could live on the far side (i.e., in the other world).’ 552 lila ad ti i scutəbs əlgʷə lil•a ad
ti i
s=cut–t–b=s
əlgʷə
far•side
DIST
NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘It is on the far side that they are spoken to.’ 553 huy gʷəl tu ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
tu= ə əd=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=feed.on=now
PL
‘And then they ate.’ 554
ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now
ə ti ə bu qʷ əlgʷə PL
‘They eat the ducks.’
ə PR
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
Martha Williams Lamont
147
555 di əxʷ tudəxʷəlis di =axʷ
tu=dəxʷ=həli =s
FOC=now
PAST=ADNM=alive=3PO
‘That is how they lived.’ 556 ha
bu qʷ
ha
bu qʷ
good
waterfowl
‘They are good ducks.’ 557 di šəbad ə ti ə qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ƛ’us i u ili s ha kʷ ti i i di
šəbad
FOC
enemy PR
ə
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ƛ’u=s= i – u– ili =s
ha kʷ
ti –i i
HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–battle=3PO
long.time
PL–DIST
‘They are enemies of the dwarves on whom they had been making war for a long time.’ 558 ƛ’ušidᶻəb əlgʷə ƛ’u=šidᶻ–t–b
əlgʷə
HAB=sneak.attack–ICS–PASS
PL
‘(The dwarves) are always attacked without warning.’ 559 cucutəxʷ kʷədi dii ’u cut–cut=axʷ
kʷədi
dii ’u
DSTR–say=now
REM.DMA
one:HMN
‘One (of the dwarves) spoke.’ 560 huy ə ti əsluudəxʷ əlgʷə huy
ə ‿ti
SCONJ
as–lu–t=axʷ
seemingly
əlgʷə
STAT–hear–ICS=now
PL
‘(The brothers) could sort of understand him.’ 561 gʷəl hikʷ
uhii
əlgʷə
ə ti ə
shəli dubs əlgʷə
ə ti i
sxʷəctəbs ti i
dəxʷu atəbəds əlgʷə gʷəl
hikʷ
SCONJ
big
əlgʷə PL
u–hii PFV–happy
əlgʷə PL
ə PR
ti ə
s=həli –dxʷ–b=s
PROX
NM=alive–DC–PASS=3PO
ə
ti i
s=xʷəc–t–b=s
PR
DIST
NM=removed–ICS–PASS=3PO
148
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ti i
dəxʷ= u– atəbəd=s
əlgʷə
DIST
ADNM=PFV–die=3PO
PL
‘And they are very glad for having been saved by the removal of what was the reason for their dying.’ 562
up’al’p’alil u–p’al’–p’alil PFV–DSTR–revive
‘They have revived.’ 563 higʷəxʷ əlgʷə
utatabədəxʷ
higʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
big=now
PL
u–tatabəd=axʷ PFV–confer=now
‘They confer at length,’ 564 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp əšuuc ti i ƛ’ub=axʷ
ələp
well=now 2PL.SUB
ac aci talbixʷ ə kʷi ha
as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV
ti i DIST
ac– aci talbixʷ DSTR–people
‘ “You guys should look after those people well.’ 565
ušuucbu u–šu –c–bu PFV–see–ALTV–1PL.OBJ
‘ “They have looked after us.’ 566
uhəli dubu u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ
‘ “They managed to save us.” ’ 567 hay ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ
ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now
‘So, they eat.’ 568 huy ƛ’ubiləxʷ huy
ƛ’ub–il=axʷ
SCONJ
well–INCH=now
‘Then they recover.’
əlgʷə PL
ə PR
kʷi
ha
REM
good
Martha Williams Lamont
149
569 qʷiq’ʷqʷiq’ʷiləxʷ ti ə caadi stububš qʷiq’ʷ–qʷiq’ʷ–il=axʷ
ti ə
caadi
stub–ubš
DSTR–strong–INCH=now
PROX
they
PL–man
‘These men grow strong.’ 570 hay gʷəl aˑ q’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə s ulə hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
a INTJ
q’ʷu –t=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti ə
s ulə
gathered–ICS=now
PL
PROX
dentalia
‘And so they gather the dentalia shells.’ 571 gʷəl q’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə tə di əxʷ ha gʷəl SCONJ
ə kʷi tus ulə
q’ʷu –t=axʷ
əlgʷə
tə
di =axʷ
ha
gathered–ICS=now
PL
NSPEC
FOC=now
good PR
tu=s ulə PAST=dentalia
‘And they gather what were good dentalia shells.’ 572
aw’tbid ə ti ə caadi aw’t–bi–t
ə
new–MAP–ICS
PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘(Dentalia) were new to them.’ 573 huy di s ə əds əlgʷə ti i s ulə huy
di
s ə əd–s
əlgʷə
ti i
s ulə
SCONJ
FOC
food–3PO
PL
DIST
dentalia
‘Then the dentalia (i.e., the shellfish) are (the dwarves’) food.’ 574 qaˑ kʷ(i )uq’ʷu əd əlgʷə qa
kʷi
many
REM
u–q’ʷu –t
əlgʷə
PFV–gathered–ICS
PL
‘What they have gathered is a lot.’ 575 di əxʷ səšə s əlgʷə di =axʷ
s= as–šə =s
əlgʷə
FOC=now
NM=STAT–make=3PO
PL
‘That is what they used.’ 576 tu ʷ əlgʷə p’aƛ’aƛ’ səs ulə s tu ʷ əlgʷə
p’aƛ’aƛ’
s= as– ulə =s
just
worthless
NM=STAT–gather=3PO
PL
‘They have just gathered them indifferently.’
ə
kʷi REM
150
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
577 huy stabigʷs al ti ə gʷə dibə ti i s ulə huy
stabigʷs
al
valuables
SCONJ
at
al ti ə gʷə ti ə dəxʷ as əlgʷə
ti ə
gʷə
dibə
ti i
s ulə
PROX
ASSC
we
DIST
dentalia
ti ə
dəxʷ= a=s
əlgʷə
PROX
ADNM=be.there=3PO
PL
al ti ə at
PROX
gʷə ASSC
‘Then the dentalia from where they are are valuable goods when they belong to us.’ 578 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
at
ə
say–ICS–PASS=now PR
SCONJ
al
ə ti si i ab al ti i cədi
cut–t–b=axʷ
ti i
cədi
DIST
s/he
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
ə ‿ti
si –i ab
seemingly
PL–noble
‘And then they are spoken to by this one, sort of the head man for them,’ 579 xʷu ələ
əs aləxʷ kʷi ə bidləp ti ə
xʷu ələ
as– al=axʷ
maybe
kʷi
STAT–how=now
aci talbixʷ ə bid–ləp
REM
ti ə
intentions–2PL.PO
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “What are your intentions towards these people?’ 580 gʷə abaqədəxʷ i gʷə= abaq–t=axʷ
i
SBJ=return–ICS=now
2PL.IMP
‘ “Return them!’ 581 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp gʷə abaqəd ƛ’ub=axʷ well=now
ələp
gʷə= abaq–t
2PL.SUB
SBJ=return–ICS
‘ “You guys should return them.’ 582 gʷəl gʷəgʷiidəxʷ ələp til’ ti i ti luƛ’ lə ibəš li aləxʷ ti ə t ə a ƛ’usəs u ʷs gʷəl
gʷə=gʷihi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SBJ=invite–ICS=now
ələp 2PL.SUB
li – al=axʷ
ti ə
tə
PRLV–at=now
PROX
NSPEC
til’
ti i
ti
luƛ’ lə= ibəš
ABS
DIST
SPEC
old
a be.there
PROG=travel
ƛ’u=s= as– u ʷ=s HAB=NM=STAT–go=3PO
‘ “And you guys could call that absent one, the old fellow when he travels along the route he customarily goes.’ 583 gʷəl gʷəgʷiidəxʷ ələp gʷəl
gʷə=gʷihi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SBJ=invite–ICS=now
‘ “And you guys call him.’
ələp 2PL.SUB
Martha Williams Lamont
584 gʷəl di gʷəq’ilid ti ə
151
aci talbixʷ
gʷəl
di
gʷə=q’ili–t
ti ə
SCONJ
FOC
SBJ=aboard–ICS
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “He is the one who can put these people on board.’ 585 gʷəl gʷə u ʷtxʷ gʷəl
gʷə= u ʷ–txʷ
SCONJ
SBJ=go–ECS
‘ “And he could take them.’ 586
əsaydxʷ dxʷ ad as–hay–dxʷ
dxʷ– ad
STAT–known–DC
CNTRPT–where
‘ “He knows which way to (go).’ 587 yə i ƛ’udxʷ a kʷi ƛ’usubibə til’ ti ə luƛ’ xʷəlu yə i because
ƛ’u=dxʷ– a
kʷi
ƛ’u=s= u–bi–bə
til’
ti ə
HAB=CNTRPT–be.there
REM
HAB=NM=PFV–ATTN–fall
ABS
PROX
luƛ’
xʷəlu
old
whale
‘ “Because there is where absent old Whale customarily drops by.” ’ 588 tə axʷ lə əƛ’ ti ə
xʷəlu
tə =axʷ
lə= əƛ’
ti ə
truly=now
PROG=come
PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘Truly now Whale is coming.’ 589 huy cutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
they
‘Then they (the brother) are told,’ 590
əsqʷibəxʷ ələp as–qʷib=axʷ STAT–prepared=now
ələp 2PL.SUB
‘ “You guys be ready.’ 591
u abaqtəbəxʷ ələp dxʷ al ti i u= abaq–t–b=axʷ IRR=return–ICS–PASS=now
ə tudi di i
ələp 2PL.SUB
xʷəlu
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
ulə əƛ’ ə tudi PR
DIST.DMA
di i yonder
152
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
xʷəlu
u=lə= əƛ’
whale
IRR=PROG=come
‘ “You guys will be returned to over there by yonder Whale who will come.’ 592
uq’ilagʷiləxʷ ələp li a ələpa ut’ukʷtub u=q’ili–agʷil=axʷ
ələp
HAB=aboard–AUTO=now
li – a
2PL.SUB
ələpa
PRLV–be.there
2PL.COORD
u=t’ukʷ–txʷ–b IRR=go.home–ECS–PASS
‘ “You guys will get a ride along that route and you guys will be taken home.’ 593 yə i ƛ’ubibə dxʷ a ti i
xʷəlu
yə i
ƛ’u= u–bi–bə
dxʷ– a
ti i
because
HAB=PFV–ATTN–fall
CNTRPT–be.there
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘ “Because Whale always drops by there.’ 594 ƛ’uləbəl ʷ al ti i
ad dəxʷ aləp
ƛ’u=lə=bəl ʷ
al ti i
HAB=PROG=PASS.by
at
DIST
ad
dəxʷ= a=lap
where
ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO
‘ “He always passes by that place where you guys are from.’ 595 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp ut’uk’ʷəxʷ ƛ’ub=axʷ
ələp
well=now
u=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ
2PL.SUB
IRR=go.home=now
‘ “You guys should go home.’ 596
utə ə axʷ gʷəlapu aci talbixʷ u=tə ə =axʷ
gʷəlapu
IRR=arrive.safely=now
aci talbixʷ
you.guys
people
‘ “You people will arrive safely.’ 597 huy ələp uhəli dubu huy SCONJ
ələp 2PL.SUB
ə ti ə shuy ə
u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ
ə PR
ti ə
s=huyu
PROX
NM=made
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “Then you have cured us of what was done to us.’ 598 ləskʷədad ələp ti i s ulə səs ulə ləp ləs–kʷəda–t PROG.STAT–taken–ICS
ələp 2PL.SUB
ti i
s ulə
s= as– ulə =lap
DIST
dentalia
NM=STAT–gather=2PL.PO
‘ “You guys are taking that dentalia which you have gathered.’
Martha Williams Lamont
153
599 ləskʷədad ələp ələpa uq’ilid ləs–kʷəda–d
ələp
PROG.STAT–taken–ICS
ələpa
2PL.SUB
u=q’ili–d
2PL.COORD
IRR=aboard–ICS
‘ “You guys are taking them and you will put them on board.’ 600 bək’ʷ ələp uli atxʷ bək’ʷ
u=li – a–txʷ
ələp
all
2PL.SUB
IRR=PRLV–be.there–ECS
‘ “You guys will put everything there.’ 601
u u ʷ dxʷ al kʷi sq’ilitəbləp ə ti i u= u ʷ dxʷ– al IRR=go
CNTRPT–at
xʷəlu
kʷi
s=q’ili–t–b=lap
REM
NM=aboard–ICS–PASS=2PL.PO
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘ “(You guys) will go when you are put on board by Whale.’ 602
əscuucəxʷ ə ti i
xʷəlu dxʷ al gʷəlapu
as–cut–c=axʷ
ə
STAT–say–ALTV=now
ti i
1PL.SUB
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘ “We have told Whale about you guys.’ 603
u abaqtubu əd u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ
‘ “He will return you guys.” ’ 604 huy əƛ’axʷ ti ə huy
xʷəlu
əƛ’=axʷ come=now
SCONJ
ti ə
xʷəlu whale
PROX
‘Then Whale comes.’ 605 ləƛ’iƛ’q lə=ƛ’i–ƛ’q PROG=ATTN–emerge
‘He is surfacing intermittently.’ 606
iˑ gʷə(l) lə il dxʷ a i INTJ
gʷəl
lə= il
dxʷ– a
SCONJ
PROG=arrive
CNTRPT–be.there
‘Oh, he is arriving there.’
dxʷ– al
gʷəlapu
CNTRPT–at
you.guys
xʷəlu whale
154
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
607 gʷəl ləp’usəb gʷəl
lə=p’usəb
SCONJ
PROG=float
‘And he is on the surface.’ 608 huy dəgʷatəbəxʷ ti ə s ulə huy SCONJ
al stab kʷi səshuytubs ti i s ulə
dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
inside–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
s ulə
al stab
dentalia
at
s= as–huyu–txʷ–b=s
ti i
s ulə
NM=STAT–made–ECS–PASS=3PO
DIST
dentalia
what
kʷi REM
‘Then the dentalia are put in in whatever manner the dentalia were done (i.e., packed).’ 609 gʷəl ha əxʷ ə kʷi s ulə gʷəhikʷikʷ gʷəl
ha =axʷ
ə
SCONJ
good=now
PR
kʷi
s ulə
gʷə=hikʷ–hikʷ
REM
dentalia
SBJ=DSTR–big
‘And they are nice as big dentalia.’ 610 haachaac s ulə haac–haac
s ulə
DSTR–long
dentalia
‘They are long dentalia.’ 611 ha ha good ‘They are nice.’ 612 huy stabigʷs al ti ə caadi dəxʷ as əlgʷə ti i s ulə huy
stabigʷs
SCONJ
valuables
al ti ə at
PROX
caadi
dəxʷ= a=s
əlgʷə
ti i
they
ADNM=be.there=3PO
PL
DIST
s ulə dentalia ‘Then the dentalia are the goods of the (brothers) who are there.’ 613 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
gʷəl
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘And then they are taken.’
Martha Williams Lamont
155
614 gʷəl q’ilitəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
q’ili–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
aboard–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘And they are put on board.’ 615 gʷəl (h)uy kʷəda i təbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
gʷəl
huy
kʷəd•a i –t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken•hand–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə
ti ə
PR
PROX
‘And then the people shook their hands.’ 616
ubək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bidləp u=bək’ʷ IRR=all
tsi ə
q’il’bid–ləp
PROX:FEM
canoe–2PL.PO
‘ “Your canoe will be included.’ 617
uli atub u=li – a–txʷ–b IRR=PRLV–be.there–ECS–PASS
‘ “It will be put in there.’ 618 yə i hiˑkʷ ti i
xʷəlu
yə i
hikʷ ti i
because
big
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘ “Because Whale is big.” ’ 619 hiˑkʷ hikʷ big ‘He is big.’ 620 qaˑ qa many ‘There is a lot (of space inside).’ 621 xʷi kʷi gʷəstab gʷəsəs ’ ids al ti i dəxʷ as xʷi NEG
kʷi
gʷə=stab
gʷə=s= as– ’ id=s
REM
SBJ=what
SBJ=NM=STAT–crowded=3PO
dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘Nothing is crowded in there.’
al ti i at
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
156
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
622 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then they are spoken to.’ 623 cutəbəxʷ ti ə caadi
aci talbixʷ ə ti ə
cut–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
caadi
say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
they
xʷəlu aci talbixʷ
people
ə PR
ti ə PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘These people are spoken to by Whale,’ 624 xʷi əxʷ kʷi udsə usil xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
NEG=now
REM
u=d=s=lə= usil IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PROG=dive
‘ “I will not be diving.’ 625
u u sil əd u= u– sil
əd
IRR=ATTN–dive
1SG.SUB
‘ “I will dive a bit,’ 626 tu ʷ xʷi lətib əda ubələƛ’iq tu ʷ
xʷi
lə=tib
just
NEG
NEGP=with.effort
əda
u=bə=lə=ƛ’iq
1SG.COORD
IRR=ADD=PROG=emerge
‘ “But not very strenuously and will be surfacing again.’ 627 gʷəl tu ʷ
aləxʷ kʷi uds u ʷəxʷ
əda
ʷul’əxʷ uləgʷə ’acut kʷi udsə u ʷ
dxʷ al gʷəlapu dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsƛ’k’ʷa ləp al kʷi gʷəds u ʷtubə ədəxʷ gʷəl
tu ʷ
SCONJ
just
al=axʷ kʷi at=now
REM
u=d=s= u ʷ=axʷ IRR=1SG.PO=NM=go=now
u=lə=gʷə ’a–t–sut IRR=PROG=search–ICS–REFL
kʷi
əda
ʷul’=axʷ
1SG.COORD only=now
u=d=s=lə= u ʷ
REM
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=PROG=go
dxʷ– al CNTRPT–at
gʷəlapu
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s=ƛ’k’ʷa =lap
you.guys
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=NM=breath.cut.off=2PL.PO
kʷi
gʷə=d=s= u ʷ–txʷ–bə əd=axʷ
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=go–ECS–2PL.OBJ=now
al at
‘ “And instead, while I go, I will just be careful while I go because of you guys, because you might get your breath chopped off while I am taking you.’
Martha Williams Lamont
157
628 hay di əxʷ ushuyləp hay
di =axʷ
SCONJ
FOC=now
u=s=huyu=lap IRR=NM=made=2PL.PO
‘ “Then that is the way you guys will be.’ 629
ʷul’ ələp asaydxʷ al kʷi udsgʷəƛ’əlad ad al kʷi uds isəbu əd ʷul’
ələp
only
2PL.SUB ad
IRR=STAT–known–DC
al kʷi
where
al kʷi
u= as–hay–dxʷ
at
at
REM
u=d=s=gʷəƛ’əla–t IRR=1SG.PO=NM=stopped–ICS
u=d=s= il–s–bu əd IRR=1SG.PO=NM=arrive–ALTV–2PL.OBJ
REM
‘ “You guys just bear that in mind until I stop where I will take you.’ 630
əsaydxʷ əd ti dəxʷtul’ aləp as–hay–dxʷ
əd
STAT–known–DC
1SG.SUB
ti
dəxʷ=tul’– al=lap
SPEC
ADNM=CNTRFG–at=2PL.PO
‘ “I know where you guys are from.’ 631 gʷəl tu ʷ ulila ad kʷi udskʷa tubu əd gʷəl
tu ʷ
u=lil•a ad
SCONJ
just
IRR=far•side
kʷi REM
u=d=s=kʷa –t–ubu əd IRR=1SG.PO=NM=released–ICS–2PL.OBJ
‘ “And I’ll just let you guys go on the far off side.’ 632 hay ələp uq’ʷib hay
ələp
SCONJ
2PL.SUB
u=q’ʷib IRR=disembark
‘ “Then you guys will get off.’ 633
ubək’ʷ tsi ə q’il’bidləp kʷi
us u ʷs
ələpa utə ə
ə kʷi ha
dxʷ al kʷi
tu iišəd əp tuyəl’yəlabləp u=bək’ʷ IRR=all
tsi ə
q’il’bid–ləp
kʷi
PROX:FEM
canoe–2PL.PO
REM
u=tə ə IRR=arrive.safely
ə PR
u=s= u ʷ=s IRR=NM=go=3PO
kʷi
ha
dxʷ– al
kʷi
REM
good
CNTRPT–at
REM
tu= iišəd– əp
tu=yəl’–yəlab–ləp
PAST=relatives–2PL.PO
PAST=DSTR–elder–2PL.PO
ələpa 2PL.COORD
‘ “With your canoe you guys will go and you will arrive safely in good shape to your relatives, your parents.” ’
158
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
634 puˑtəxʷ tudukʷucut tsi i tusk’ʷuys əlgʷə put=axʷ
tu=dukʷu–t–sut
tsi i
tu=sk’ʷuy–s
əlgʷə
really=now
PAST=abnormal–ICS–REFL
DIST:FEM
PAST=mother–3PO
PL
‘Their former (i.e., bereaved) mother had really been beside herself.’ 635 təš s aab i tsi ə tukia s əlgʷə təš
s aab
misfortune
weeping
i CONJ
tsi ə
tu=kia –s
əlgʷə
PROX:FEM
PAST=grandmother–3PO
PL
‘And their grandmother weeps in grief.’ 636
əs i ’usəxʷ tsi i luƛ’ as– i ’•us=axʷ STAT–cut•head=now
tsi i
luƛ’
DIST:FEM
old
‘That old woman has her hair cut now.’ 637
udᶻaˑqad u–dᶻaqa–t PFV–mourn–ICS
‘She mourns them.’ 638 ƛ’ucucut əbil’əxʷ ləƛ’iq kʷi sup’qs ƛ’u=cut–cut
əbil’=axʷ
HAB=DSTR–say
perhaps=now
lə=ƛ’iq
kʷi
sup’qs
PROG=emerge
REM
hair.seal
‘She always chants if a hair seal surfaces.’ 639 gʷəl ləcucut tsi i cədi
əbil’ ləƛ’iq ti i qʷsyu
gʷəl
lə=cut–cut
tsi i
cədi
əbil’
SCONJ
PROG=DSTR–say
DIST:FEM
s/he
perhaps
lə=ƛ’iq
ti i
PROG=emerge
DIST
qʷsyu porpoise ‘And she says if a porpoise surfaces,’ 640 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑšiˑdᶻ dbəda di
ti ə
ad=sxʷi xʷi
tə
lə=ši–šidᶻ
d–bəda
FOC
PROX
2SG.PO=game
NSPEC
PROG=ATTN–surface
1SG.PO–offspring
‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing, my son. ♪’ 641 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑšiˑdᶻ dbəda di
ti ə
ad=sxʷi xʷi
tə
lə=ši–šidᶻ
d–bəda
FOC
PROX
2SG.PO=game
NSPEC
PROG=ATTN–surface
1SG.PO–offspring
‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing, my son. ♪’
Martha Williams Lamont
159
642 di ti ə adsxʷi xʷi tə ləšiˑ di
ti ə
ad=sxʷi xʷi
tə
lə=šidᶻ
FOC
PROX
2SG.PO=game
NSPEC
PROG=surface
‘♪ “That is your prey surfacing.” ♪’ 643
ə ə əxʷ ə ti ə luƛ’luƛ’ ə –ə =axʷ
ə
DIM.EFF–sick=now
mind
ti ə
luƛ’–luƛ’
PROX
DSTR–old
‘These old people feel bad.’ 644 gʷəl ƛ’u aabəxʷ əlgʷə
ilgʷi
ə ti ə
gʷəl
ƛ’u= u– aab=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
HAB=PFV–cry=now
PL
ʷul il•gʷi
ə
side•waterway
PR
ti ə PROX
ʷul sound
‘And they always weep along the shore of the sound.’ 645
əsa ləb ti ə swatixʷtəd as–ha l–b STAT–good–MD
ti ə
swatixʷtəd
PROX
land
‘This land has calm, good weather.’ 646 gʷəl lə u ʷtub əlgʷə
ə ti ə
xʷəlu
gʷəl
lə= u ʷ–txʷ–b
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=go–ECS–PASS
PL
ə
ti ə
PR
PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘And they are being taken by Whale.’ 647 di tsi ə adkia di FOC
tsi ə PROX:FEM
tsi ə PROX:FEM
i tsi ə adstab tsi ə
ucucut
ad–kia
i
2SG.PO–grandmother
CONJ
tsi ə
ad–stab
PROX:FEM
2SG.PO–what
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘ “The one who is chanting is your grandmother and some other (person) of yours.” ’ 648 di di FOC
u aabəxʷ əw’ə sixʷ tsi ə luƛ’ u– aab=axʷ
əw’ə
sixʷ
tsi ə
luƛ’
PFV–cry=now
PTCL
PTCL
PROX:FEM
old
‘This old woman really cried.’
160
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
649 xʷu ələ ƛ’u ə ə əxʷ ə xʷu ələ
ƛ’u= ə –ə =axʷ
maybe
HAB=DIM.EFF–sick=now
ə mind
‘It seems she felt very sad.’ 650 huy bəl ʷaxʷ huy
bəl ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
PASS.by=now
‘Then they pass by.’ 651 gʷəl (h)uy kʷa təbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə cədi
xʷəlu
gʷəl
huy
kʷa –t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
released–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘And then they are released by Whale.’ 652 tiləb t’aq’t kʷi sbə s əlgʷə tiləb
t’aq’t
kʷi
s=bə a=s
əlgʷə
immediately
inland
REM
NM=fall=3PO
PL
‘Immediately they fall way up on shore.’ 653
a tsi ə q’il’bids əlgʷə a be.there
tsi ə
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
PROX:FEM
canoe–3PO
PL
‘There is their canoe.’ 654 ha ha good ‘It is fine.’ 655 tiləb əscikʷ tiləb immediately
as–cikʷ STAT–taut
‘Right away it is taut.’ 656 ha ha good ‘It is fine.’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
xʷəlu
PROX
s/he
whale
Martha Williams Lamont
657 hay huy ti i
161
5
hay
huy
ti i
SCONJ
made
DIST
‘So that is done.’ 658 di
tu ’axʷacutəxʷ
di
tu= ’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ
FOC
PAST=clubbed–ICS–REFL=now
‘(Whale) beats himself.’ 659 k’ʷəli ti i tushuys k’ʷəli
ti i
tu=s=huyu=s
INTJ
DIST
PAST=NM=made=3PO
‘Now that, as I recall, is what happened!’ 660 šuucəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə tsi ə young lady
šu –c–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
see–ALTV–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
tsi ə
young
lady
PROX:FEM
young
lady
‘They are seen by a young lady.’ 661
əsdᶻul as–dᶻul STAT–menstruate
‘She is menstruating.’ 662 huy ’axʷacutəxʷ ti i huy SCONJ
xʷəlu
’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ
ti i
clubbed–ICS–REFL=now
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Then Whale beats himself.’ 663 gʷəl huy k’ʷ axʷ ti i tus uləxʷs əlgʷə gʷəl
huy
k’ʷ =axʷ
ti i
tu=s= uləxʷ=s
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
spill=now
DIST
PAST=NM=gathered=3PO
PL
‘And then their dentalia spilled.’
__________ 5
Hess (2006, 69) notes that at this point Mrs. Lamont intended to wrap up her story, but then remembered additional episodes and continued it.
162
664
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
al tə a a kʷbid ə ti ə cədi tudəxʷtul’ as əlgʷə kʷi sk’ʷə
ə ti i tus ulə s
əlgʷə al at
tə
a
NSPEC
a kʷ–bid
be.there
ə
seaward–RLNL
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
tu=dəxʷ=tul’– a=s
əlgʷə
kʷi
s=k’ʷə
PAST=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there=3PO
PL
REM
NM=spill
tu=s ulə –s
əlgʷə
PAST=dentalia–3PO
PL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘There to seaward from where they had been, their dentalia spilled.’ 665 gʷəl tu ʷəxʷ əlgʷə
ʷul’əxʷ ukʷa təb ə ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə
gʷəl
tu ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
just=now
PL
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
canoe–3PO
PL
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–kʷa –t–b
ə
PFV–released–ICS–PASS
PR
‘And they are just released along with their canoe.’ 666 gʷəl tiləb ləsq’il ha gʷəl
tiləb
ləs–q’il
ha
SCONJ
immediately
PROG.STAT–aboard
good
‘And it is stowed on board nicely.’ 667
əs ista k’ʷəli kʷi tushuys əlgʷə as– ista STAT–be.like
k’ʷəli
kʷi
tu=s=huyu=s
əlgʷə
INTJ
REM
PAST=NM=made=3PO
PL
‘As I recall, they had been done (i.e., packed up) this way.’ 668 hay di tus u ʷs tuskʷa dubuts hay
di
tu=s= u ʷ=s
tu=s=kʷa –dxʷ–but=s
SCONJ
FOC
PAST=NM=go=3PO
PAST=NM=released–DC–REFL=3PO
‘So they went, they managed to get themselves free.’ 669 tu ʷ huy tu ʷ
huyu
just
made
‘It is done.’ 670 tuk’ʷə ti i tus ulə s əlgʷə tu=k’ʷə
ti i
tu=s ulə –s
əlgʷə
PAST=spill
DIST
PAST=dentalia–3PO
PL
‘Their dentalia spilled.’
ti ə PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
671
163
ʷul’əxʷ tuk’ʷik’ʷəd kʷsi tuləskʷədtxʷ əlgʷə ti i haˑ ʷul’=axʷ only=now
s ulə
tu=k’ʷi–k’ʷəd
kʷsi
tu=ləs–kʷəd–txʷ
PAST=ATTN–how.many
REM:FEM
PAST=PROG.STAT–taken–ECS
əlgʷə
ti i
ha
s ulə
PL
DIST
good
dentalia
‘There was now only a little bit of what they had been made to carry, those good dentalia.’ 672 qa kʷi dəxʷdiˑ s tuqa kʷi tus ulə
al ti i cədi dəxʷ as əlgʷə
qa
kʷi
dəxʷ=di =s
tu=qa
kʷi
tu=s ulə
many
REM
ADNM=FOC=3PO
PAST=many
REM
PAST=dentalia
cədi
cədi
dəxʷ= a=s
əlgʷə
s/he
s/he
ADNM=be.there=3PO
PL
al ti i at
DIST
‘There were many because there had been many dentalia in the place where they had been.’ 673 yə i huy tuk’ʷə
aha ti i cədi s ulə
yə i
huy
tu=k’ʷə
because
SCONJ
PAST=spill
ah–a INTNS–be.there
ti i
cədi
s ulə
DIST
s/he
dentalia
‘And because those dentalia spilled right there,’ 674 ƛ’up’ədiləxʷ kʷi əs ista dxʷ al ti i dəxʷ as əlgʷə tusəs ulə s əlgʷə ƛ’u=p’ədil=axʷ
kʷi
as– ista
HAB=drift.ashore=now
REM
STAT–be.like
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
dəxʷ= a=s
əlgʷə
tu=s= as– ulə =s
əlgʷə
ADNM=be.there=3PO
PL
PAST=NM=STAT–gathered=3PO
PL
‘Stuff of this sort always drifts ashore from where what they had gathered was.’ 675
uk’ʷə təš tsi ə sa s adəy u–k’ʷə PFV–spill
təš
tsi ə
sa
s adəy
misfortune
PROX:FEM
bad
woman
‘It has spilled on account of the misfortunes (caused by) this impure woman.’ 676
uk’ʷa ad tə a lə alil u–k’ʷa a–t PFV–examine–ICS
tə NSPEC
a be.there
lə= alil PROG=go.ashore
‘They examine there what is coming ashore.’
164
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
677 lə ulu lə= ulu PROG=travel.by.water
‘They are going by water.’ 678 huy ’axʷacutəxʷ ti ə huy
ti ə
’axʷa–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
clubbed–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
‘Then this one beats himself.’ 679 k’ʷi at ti ə cədi
xʷəlu
k’ʷi at
ti ə
cədi
xʷəlu
sacred
PROX
s/he
whale
‘Whale is sacred.’ 680 yə i huy xʷi gʷəsay dxʷ s gʷəsə ulu s al kʷədi li t’aq’t yə i because
huy
xʷi
gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=known–DC=3PO
gʷə=s=lə= ulu =s
al
SBJ=NM=PROG=travel.by.water=3PO
at
kʷədi
li –t’aq’t
REM.DMA
PRLV–inland
‘Because then it is not known that he would be travelling along the shore.’ 681 gʷəl tu ʷ ti ə tuləxʷk’ʷ acuts ʷul’ ti i dəxʷu ’axʷacuts gʷəl
tu ʷ
ti ə
tu=lə=dxʷ–k’ʷ a–t–sut=s
SCONJ
just
PROX
PAST=PROG=CTD–wild–ICS–REFL=3PO
ʷul’ only
dəxʷ= u– ’axʷa–t–sut=s ADNM=PFV–clubbed–ICS–REFL=3PO
‘And he just became crazed so he just beat himself (with his fins).’ 682 gʷəl tiləb uk’ʷə ti i cədi tusəsq’iləbs ə ti i cədi s ulə gʷəl
tiləb
SCONJ
immediately
u–k’ʷə
ti i
cədi
PFV–spill
DIST
s/he
tu=s= as–q’ili–b=s PAST=NM=STAT–aboard–CSMD=3PO
ə
ti i
cədi
s ulə
PR
DIST
s/he
dentalia
‘And right away the dentalia that they stowed spill.’ 683 tiləbəxʷ buƛ’iq ti ə caadi tiləb=axʷ
bə= u–ƛ’iq
ti ə
caadi
immediately=now
ADD=PFV–emerge
PROX
they
‘Right away (the brothers) come out again.’
ti i DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
165
684 bələsq’iltubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi q’il’bids əlgʷə bə=ləs–q’ili–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
ADD=PROG.STAT–aboard–ECS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
cədi
q’il’bid–s
PROX
s/he
canoe–3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘They are reloaded into their canoe.’ 685
ʷul’əxʷ bə u ʷ ʷul’=axʷ
bə= u ʷ
only=now
ADD=go
‘They simply go on.’ 686
utab u–taba PFV–do
‘They do it.’ 687 hay ə ti uƛ’iqitəb hay SCONJ
ə ‿ti
u–ƛ’iqi–t–b
seemingly
PFV–emerge–ICS–PASS
‘So, it seems they are taken out.’ 688
udᶻuxʷatəb ə ti ə cədi u–dᶻuxʷat–t–b ə PFV–vomit–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘They are vomited by him (Whale).’ 689 aˑ t’aq’təxʷ əlgʷə hay
t’aq’t=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
inland=now
PL
‘So, they are up on shore now.’ 690
ʷul’əxʷ əlgʷə bu ulu ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əlgʷə
bə= u– ulu
PL
ADD=PFV–travel.by.water
‘They just canoe some more.’ 691 gʷəhaw’ə di s ilsəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i cədi tudəxʷ as gʷəhaw’ə
di
s= il–s=axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti i
cədi
seemingly
FOC
NM=arrive–ALTV=now
PL
CNTRPT–at
DIST
s/he
166
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
tu=dəxʷ= a=s PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘It seems that they arrive at that place where they were from.’ 692
ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘They are there now.’
693 gʷəl (h)uy u ihista ti i gʷəl SCONJ
SCONJ
’ətqs
’a ’as al kʷədi ti ’ətqs di i
u– ihista
huy
ti i
PFV–like.manner
DIST
’a ’as child
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
di i
point
yonder
‘And then at the same time there is a boy way off there on the point.’ 694
a tə a a be.there
tə
a be.there
NSPEC
‘There he is there.’ 695 gʷəl ahəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ
a=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there=now
PL
‘And there they were now.’ 696
əs aliləxʷ əlgʷə as– alil=axʷ
əlgʷə
STAT–go.ashore=now
PL
‘They are ashore now.’ 697 gʷəl (h)uy əƛ’axʷ ta a gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
’a ’as
əƛ’=axʷ
ta a
come=now
’a ’as
DIST:UNQ.DMA
child
‘And then that boy comes.’ 698 gʷəl ləcutəb ə ti acəc ti ə di ə gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
ti acəc
ti ə
di ə
UNQ
PROX
here
‘And it is said by this one (of the brothers),’
ti SPEC
Martha Williams Lamont
699 ləli
167
u sixʷ ə ti cədi tusu suq’ʷa
ləli different
u
sixʷ
ə
INT
PTCL
PR
ti ə
ə ti ə
u ihista
ti
cədi
tu=su –suq’ʷa
SPEC
s/he
PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling
ə 1PL.PO
u– əy’– ista
PROX
PFV–find–be.like
‘ “Is this familiar one different from our former little younger bother?” ’ 700
aləxʷ ti i tušudxʷs əlgʷə ti i tusu suq’ʷa s gʷəl cutəb ə ti ə al=axʷ ti i at=now
tu=s=šu –dxʷ=s
əlgʷə
PAST=NM=see–DC=3PO
DIST
PL
ti i DIST
tu=su –suq’ʷa –s
gʷəl
cut–t–b
PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘On catching sight of their little younger brother, it is said by him’ 701 cutəb ə ti ə cut–t–b
ə
say–ICS–PASS
ti ə
PR
PROX
‘It is said by him,’ 702 di ti tusu suq’ʷa
ə ti i
di
ti
tu=su –suq’ʷa
FOC
SPEC
PAST=ATTN–younger.sibling
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “That is our former little younger brother.’ 703 ha ha good
ə ugʷiid ə 1PL.SUB
u=gʷihi–t IRR=invite–ICS
‘ “We should call him over.” ’ 704 huy gʷiidəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə
’a ’as
huy
gʷihi–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti ə
SCONJ
invite–ICS=now
PL
PROX
‘Then they call the boy over.’ 705 gʷəl ’icutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
’it–t–sut=axʷ near–ICS–REFL=now
‘And he approaches.’
’a ’as child
ti i DIST
ə PR
ti ə PROX
168
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
706 dibə ti ə dəxʷsqatəd dibə
ti ə
dəxʷsqatəd
we
PROX
older.sibling
‘ “We are (your) older brothers.’ 707
u alildub ə
ə ti xʷəlu
al ti ə
u– alil–dxʷ–b
u abaqtəb ə
ə
PFV–go.ashore–DC–PASS
ə
1PL.SUB PR
u– abaq–t–b
ti
xʷəlu
al
whale
SPEC
at
ti ə PROX
ə
PFV–return–ICS–PASS
1PL.SUB
‘ “We were put ashore here by Whale when we were returned.’ 708 ti tusƛ’iq’a ibtub ə uhuyutəb ə sqada ti
tu=s=ƛ’iq’•a i –b–txʷ–b
SPEC
PAST=NM=sticky•hand–MD–ECS–PASS
ə
ə
u=huyu–t–b
1PL.PO
IRR=made–ICS–PASS
s–qada
1PL.SUB
NP–steal
‘ “As our hands were made to stick, we were made to be kidnapped.’ 709 gʷəl u il ə gʷəl
u– il
SCONJ
ə
PFV–arrive
1PL.SUB
‘ “And we have arrived.’ 710 ƛ’ub əxʷ ut’uk’ʷ xʷa yəcəb dxʷ al ti i ad iišəd ƛ’ub well
əxʷ
u–t’uk’ʷ
2SG.SUB
xʷa
PFV–go.home
yəc–b
2SG.COORD report–MD
ad– iišəd 2SG.PO–relatives ‘ “You should go home and tell your family,’ 711
u əy’dubu
əxʷ al ti ə
u– əy’–dxʷ–bu PFV–find–DC–1PL.OBJ
əƛ’a ad əxʷ
al
2SG.SUB
at
ti ə PROX
əƛ’•a ad come•side
‘ “You have found us on this side.’ 712 xʷi kʷi stiləb ə ut’uk’ʷ xʷi
kʷi
s=tiləb
NEG
REM
NM=immediately
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “We will not go home right away.’
u=t’uk’ʷ IRR=go.home
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
169
713 ƛ’ub uqʷibid əlgʷə kʷi dəxʷ as ƛ’ub
u–qʷibi–t
well
PFV–prepared–ICS
a ut’uk’ʷəxʷ
əlgʷə
kʷi
dəxʷ= a=s
PL
REM
ADNM=be.there=3PO
a 1PL.COORD
u=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ IRR=go.home=now
‘ “They should prepare that place and then we will go home.’ 714 gʷəl u əƛ’cbu əlgʷə gʷəl
a u a
u= əƛ’–c–bu
əlgʷə
IRR=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ
SCONJ
a
u= a
1PL.COORD
PL
IRR=be.there
‘ “And they will come for us and we will be there.’ 715 yaw’ ə asqʷib yaw’
a u alil
ə
only.if
u= as–qʷib
1PL.SUB
a
IRR=STAT–prepared
u= alil
1PL.COORD
IRR=go.ashore
‘ “Not until we are ready, will we come ashore.’ 716
asq’ʷu ti i
iišəds əlgʷə
u= as–q’ʷu
ti i
IRR=STAT–gathered
a
DIST
a u alil
a uq’ʷib.
iišəd–s
əlgʷə
relatives–3PO
PL
a 1PL.COORD
u= alil IRR=go.ashore
u=q’ʷib
1PL.COORD
IRR=disembark
‘ “Their relatives will gather and we will come ashore and disembark.” ’ 717
u ʷəxʷ ti ə
’a ’as
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
PROX
’a ’as child
‘The boy goes.’ 718 gʷəl yəcəbaxʷ dxʷ al ti i
iišəds
gʷəl
yəc–b=axʷ
dxʷ– al
ti i
SCONJ
report–MD=now
CNTRPT–at
DIST
‘And he tells his family.’ 719 tiləbəxʷ udukʷtub tiləb=axʷ immediately=now
u–dukʷu–txʷ–b PFV–abnormal–ECS–PASS
‘Right away he is gotten angry with,’
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
170
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
720 yaw’ u di bədi ti ə adsəxʷsqatəd tušubali yaw’
u
only.if
INT
di
bə=di
FOC ADD=FOC
ti ə
ad–səxʷsqatəd
tu=šubali
PROX
2SG.PO–older.brother
PAST=many.die
‘ “Could your older brothers who have died be the very ones (of whom you speak)? ’ 721 gʷəl badsuyəcəb6 gʷəl
bə=ad=s= u–yəc–b
SCONJ
ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–report–MD
‘ “And (they) are what you are talking about?” ’ 722 huy bəgʷəlaltəbəxʷ ti ə
’a ’as
huy
bə=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
ADD=harmed–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
’a ’as child
‘Then the boy is beaten again.’ 723
’axʷaptəbəxʷ ’axʷ•ap–t–b=axʷ clubbed•bottom–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is spanked.’
724 gʷəl aabəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
aab=axʷ cry=now
‘And he cries.’ 725 put bəyəcəb put
bə=yəc–b
really
ADD=report–MD
‘He really told them again,’ 726 huy di ti dsqa ti i ti i
al tudi
huy
di
ti
d–sqa
ti i
ti i
SCONJ
FOC
SPEC
1SG.PO–older.brother
DIST
DIST
al at
tudi DIST.DMA
‘ “But they are my older brothers, the ones over there.” ’
__________ 6
What is heard on tape is [badsuyəcəbləp], which is clearly a misspeaking as it bears both the secondperson singular possessive prefix and the second-person plural possessive suffix. Given that there is only one boy who has spoken, the form with the singular prefix is used here.
Martha Williams Lamont
171
727 bədukʷtub bə=dukʷu–txʷ–b ADD=abnormal–ECS–PASS
‘Again he is gotten angry with,’ 728 xʷi əxʷ sixʷ kʷi badscucut xʷi =axʷ
sixʷ
kʷi
bə=ad=s=cut–cut
NEG=now
PTCL
REM
ADD=2SG.PO=NM=DSTR–say
‘ “Don’t say that again!’ 729 hiwiləxʷ hiwil=axʷ go.ahead=now ‘ “Go on!’ 730 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!” ’ 731 tubəlkʷaxʷ tu=bəlkʷ=axʷ PAST=return=now
‘He returned.’ 732 gʷəl bəyəcəb dxʷ al ti ə sqas gʷəl
bə=yəc–b
dxʷ– al
ti ə
sqa–s
SCONJ
ADD=report–MD
CNTRPT–at
PROX
older.brother–3PO
‘And again he told his older brothers,’ 733
ʷul’ əd ugʷəlaltəb ə ti dsluƛ’luƛ’ ə ti ə ʷul’ only
əd
u–gʷəlal–t–b
1SG.SUB ti ə
PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS
u ’axʷaptəd əd ə
PR
ti
d=s=luƛ’–luƛ’
SPEC
1SG.PO=NM=DSTR–old
u– ’axʷ•ap–t–id
PROX
əd
PFV–clubbed•bottom–ICS–PASS:SBRD
‘ “I am only punished by my elders with a spanking.’ 734 gʷəl dxʷsqʷacdub əd gʷəl
dxʷs–qʷacdxʷ–b
SCONJ
CTD–doubt–PASS
‘ “And I am doubted.” ’
əd 1SG.SUB
1SG.SUB
ə PR
172
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
735 gʷəl ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ uləskʷədad ti acəc stab ti i us abyitəbs s ic’əb u stab gʷəl
ƛ’ub=axʷ
SCONJ
well=now
əxʷ
u=ləs–kʷəda–t
2SG.SUB
ti acəc stab
IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS
u=s= ab–yi–t–b=s IRR=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
UNQ
s ic’əb
u
stab
blanket
INTJ
what
what
ti i DIST
‘And, “You should be holding these very things that will be given, blankets, and things.’ 736
uləskʷədad əxʷ ti di dsgʷa ds abyicid əxʷ
u=ləs–kʷəda–t IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS
2SG.SUB
ti
di
d–sgʷa
SPEC
FOC
1SG.PO–one’s.own
d=s= ab–yi–t–sid 1SG.PO=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–2SG.OBJ ‘ “You will be taking this that is mine which I give to you.’ 737 cutbicid
əd
cut–bi–t–sid
əd
say–MAP–ICS–2SG.OBJ
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m telling you,’ 738
uləskʷədad əxʷ əxʷ
u=ləs–kʷəda–t IRR=PROG.STAT–taken–ICS
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will take them.” ’ 739 tə
əd u əy’dxʷ ti i dsqa cəxʷsqatəd sə sa
tə
u– əy’–dxʷ
əd
truly
1SG.SUB
PFV–find–DC
li
al tudi
ti i
d–sqa
DIST
1SG.PO–older.brother
d–dəxʷsqatəd
səsa li
1SG.PO–older.sibling
two:HMN
al at
tudi DIST.DMA
‘ “You will say, ‘I truly did find my older brothers, my two older brothers over there.’ 740
aƛ’txʷ əlgʷə kʷi səsq’ʷu ləpəxʷ aƛ’–txʷ desired–ECS
əlgʷə
kʷi
s= as–q’ʷu =lap=axʷ
PL
REM
NM=STAT–gathered=2PL.PO=now
‘ “ ‘They want you guys to gather.’ 741 hay ələp u u ʷcəxʷ ələpa ugʷiidəxʷ hay SCONJ
ələp 2PL.SUB
u= u ʷ–c=axʷ IRR=go–ALTV=now
ələpa 2PL.COORD
‘ “ ‘So you guys will go and you will invite them.’
u=gʷihi–t=axʷ IRR=invite–ICS=now
Martha Williams Lamont
173
742 gʷəl u ubəhəxʷ əlgʷə yaw’ dxʷ al ti al al gʷəl
u= ubə=həxʷ IRR=go.inland=now
SCONJ
əlgʷə
yaw’
dxʷ– al
ti
PL
only.if
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
‘ “ ‘And not until then will they come up from shore to the house.’ 743
asqʷibəxʷ u= as–qʷib=axʷ IRR=STAT–prepared=now
‘ “ ‘It will be ready by then.’ 744 q’ʷu q’ʷu əd ti ə sqʷ ay txʷləp q’ʷu –q’ʷu –t
ti ə
sqʷ ay txʷ–ləp
DISTr–gathered–ICS
PROX
house.planks–2PL.PO
‘ “ ‘Your house planks are (to be) brought together.’ 745 gʷəl uhaadᶻadi kʷi usəshuys gʷəl u=haadᶻ•adi kʷi IRR=long•side
SCONJ
REM
u=s= as–huyu=s IRR=NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘ “ ‘And the house will be lengthened.’ ” ’ 746 ti i tudəxʷhuysəxʷ əs ista ti i
tu=dəxʷ=huyu=s=axʷ
DIST
PAST=ADNM=made=3PO=now
‘That is why they were made like that.’ 747 cutəxʷ ti ə
’a ’as
cut=axʷ
ti ə
say=now
PROX
’a ’as child
‘The boy speaks.’ 748 yəcəbaxʷ yəc–b=axʷ report–MD=now ‘He tells them.’ 749 gʷəl (h)uy ucutəb gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS
‘And then it is said,’
as– ista STAT–be.like
al al house
174
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
750 tə xʷu ələ
ə ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ
tə
xʷu ələ
ə
truly
maybe
PR
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROX
poor.guy
‘ “It seems that the poor fellow is right.’ 751 ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp xʷi ləbəgʷəlald ƛ’ub=axʷ
ələp
well=now
2PL.SUB
xʷi
lə=bə=gʷəlal–t
NEG
NEGP=ADD=harmed–ICS
‘ “You guys should not punish him any more.’ 752 ƛ’ub ələp ušuuc ti ə ƛ’ub
ələp
well
2PL.SUB
u–šu –c
ti ə
PFV–see–ALTV
PROX
‘ “You guys should take a look at this.’ 753 huyucut i ə kʷi a huyu–t–sut made–ICS–REFL
i
ə
2PL.IMP PR
kʷi
a fast
REM
‘ “You guys get ready quickly.’ 754 tə xʷu ələ ti ə sucucuts tə
xʷu ələ
ti ə
s= u–cut–cut=s
truly
maybe
PROX
NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘It seems that what he has been saying is true.” ’ 755 huy dᶻi icutəxʷ ti ə aci talbixʷ huy dᶻi i–t–sut=axʷ ti ə SCONJ
broken–ICS–REFL=now
aci talbixʷ
PROX
people
‘Then these people dismantle their houses.’ 756 gʷəl q’ʷu ədəxʷ ti ə ti i ƛ’uqʷ ay txʷs əlgʷə
ʷul’ul’ ƛ’ustab ƛ’uk’ʷat’aq stab
ti i ƛ’u al als əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ
q’ʷu –t=axʷ
ti ə
ti i
ƛ’u=qʷ ay txʷ–s
gathered–ICS=now
PROX
DIST
HAB=house.planks–3PO
ʷul’–ul’ INTNS–only
əlgʷə PL
ƛ’u–stab
ƛ’u=k’ʷat’aq
stab
ti i
ƛ’u= al al–s
HAB=what
HAB=mat
what
DIST
HAB=house–3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘And they gather these, their house planks, only the (best) things, cattail-mats, what they have in their houses.’
Martha Williams Lamont
757 huy huyudəxʷ əlgʷə
175
ti ə
ʷul’ də ’u hikʷ hikʷ al al dxʷ al kʷi usq’ʷu səxʷ
əlgʷə huy
huyu–t=axʷ made–ICS=now
SCONJ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
CNTRPT–at
REM
əlgʷə
ti ə
ʷul’ də ’u
PL
PROX
only
hikʷ hikʷ
one
big
u=s=q’ʷu =s=axʷ
big
al al house
əlgʷə
IRR=NM=gathered=3PO=now
PL
‘Then they make just one great big house for them to gather in.’ 758 huy u ʷcəbəxʷ ti i cədi huy
ə ti ə səsa li tusluƛ’luƛ’s
u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
SCONJ
ti i
cədi
ə
DIST
s/he
PR
ti ə
səsa li
PROX
two:HMN
tu=s=luƛ’–luƛ’–s PAST=NM=DSTR–old–3PO
‘Then two of their former elders went to (the brothers-in-law).’ 759
isəbəxʷ il–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now ‘They are arrived at.’
760 gʷəl (h)uy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And they are spoken to,’ 761 dibə ti ə dibə
ti ə
we
PROX
‘ “We are the ones.’ 762 tu ʷ ə
aƛ’txʷ kʷi sƛ’ubləp əsqʷib
a u iltxʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi tushuyutəb ə
s ušəbabdxʷ ələpa tuhuyəxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ tu ʷ just
ə
aƛ’–txʷ
1PL.SUB a
desired–ECS
kʷi
s=ƛ’ub=lap
REM
NM=well=2PL.PO
u= il–txʷ=axʷ
1PL.COORD
IRR=arrive–ECS=now
tu=s=huyu–t–b PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS
as–qʷib
dxʷ– al
kʷi
CNTRPT–at
REM
ə 1PL.PO
STAT–prepared
s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
ələpa 2PL.COORD
176
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
tu=huyu=axʷ
s ušəbabdxʷ
PAST=made=now
poor.guy
‘ “We want you guys to be ready and we will arrive with (the story) of how we were made miserable and you guys were made miserable.’ 763
dxʷs cutəbəxʷ ələp u atəbəd ə dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ
ələp
CTD–say–DSD=now
u– atəbəd
2PL.SUB
ə
PFV–die
1PL.SUB
‘ “You guys think that we have died.” ’ 764 huy tu u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
PL
‘Then they go.’ 765
ubətubəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti i
ubə–txʷ–b=axʷ
aci talbixʷ əlgʷə
go.inland–ECS–PASS=now
PL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
‘They are brought up from the shore by those people.’ 766
uq’ʷu təbəxʷ əlgʷə u–q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘They were gathered.’ 767 huy gʷəl tuyəcəbaxʷ əlgʷə əlgʷə tusgʷəlaltəbs əlgʷə huy SCONJ
ə ti ə tushuyutəbs əlgʷə
ə ti i tusƛ’iq’a iyibtubs
ə ti acəc ə ti i cədi tuluƛ’ tu ə təds əlgʷə
gʷəl
tu=yəc–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=report–MD=now
tu=s=huyu–t–b=s
əlgʷə
PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
ə PR
PL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
PAST=NM=sticky•hand–DAT–MD–ECS–PASS=3PO
əlgʷə
PAST=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
əlgʷə
tu=s=ƛ’iq’•a i –yi–b–txʷ–b=s tu=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s
ti ə
PL
PL
ə PR
ti acəc UNQ
cədi
tu=luƛ’
tu= ə təd–s
əlgʷə
s/he
PAST=old
PAST=in.law–3PO
PL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘So they told about what was done to them by him, about their hands having been caused to stick, their having been punished by this very one, by that old man, their in-law.’
Martha Williams Lamont
768
alšs əlgʷə tsi ə
177
əgʷas ə ti ə dxʷsp’ayəq
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
əlgʷə
tsi ə
PL
PROX:FEM
əgʷas
ə
wife
PR
ti ə
dxʷs–p’ayəq
PROX
PROC–hew
‘The wife of this canoe maker is their sister.’ 769 gʷəl xʷi gʷəƛ’usu iltəbs ə tsi ə s adəy ti ə də icil ə ti i luƛ’ gʷəl
xʷi
gʷə=ƛ’u=s= u– il–t–b=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–give.food–ICS–PASS=3PO
s adəy
ti ə
dəxʷ= icil
woman
PROX
ADNM=angry
ə ə
ti i
luƛ’
PR
DIST
old
PR
tsi ə PROX:FEM
‘And the woman would not give the old man food, which is why he was angry.’ 770
əs ista kʷi dəxʷ u ulabs as– ista STAT–be.like
kʷi
dəxʷ= u ulab=s
REM
ADNM=remember=3PO
‘They recalled it like this:’ 771 gʷəl ƛ’iq’a iyibtubəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
ƛ’iq’•a i –yi–b–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
sticky•hand–DAT–MD–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘And their hands are caused to stick.’ 772 p’ayəq yitəb əxʷ əlgʷə p’ayəq–yi–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
hew–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘They are made a carving.’ 773 gʷəl saxʷəbtubəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə sdukʷ
gʷəl
saxʷəb–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
jump–ECS–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə
s–dukʷu
PROX
NP–abnormal
‘And they are run off with by this supernatural thing.’ 774 di əxʷ syəcəbs əlgʷə di =axʷ
s=yəc–b=s
əlgʷə
FOC=now
NM=report–MD=3PO
PL
‘That is what they tell them.’ 775
ʷul’əxʷ ə
u alildub al ti i liˑl ti i tusaxʷəbtub ə
swatixʷtəd dəxʷ a ə ti i qʷiqʷqʷistay’bixʷ ti i s ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ə 1PL.SUB
u– alil–dxʷ–b PFV–go.ashore–DC–PASS
al tudi sbə a ad ə tə
ildub ə əw’ə al ti i at
DIST
lil
ti i
far
DIST
178
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b
ə
PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS
tə NSPEC
al tudi
1PL.PO
at
DIST.DMA
swatixʷtəd
dəxʷ= a
ə
land
ADNM=be.there
PR
ə
ti i
s= il–dxʷ–b
DIST
NM=arrive–DC–PASS
s=bə a ad NM=far.edge
ə PR
ti i
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
əw’ə
1PL.PO
PTCL
‘ “We were just put ashore there, in that far (place) where we had been run off with at the far edge of the world where the dwarves are, where we were taken.” ’ 776 s a s gʷəl tugʷa tə swatixʷtəd s= a =s
gʷəl
tu=gʷa
tə
swatixʷtəd
NM=arrive=3PO
SCONJ
PAST=clear
NSPEC
land
‘Upon getting there, the world cleared.’ 777 yə i tasqʷšaabəxʷ yə i
tu= as–qʷšaab=axʷ
because
PAST=STAT–foggy=now
‘Because the world had been fogged over.’ 778 xʷ i a ʷ gʷəstabəxʷ gʷəšudub xʷi =a ʷ
gʷə=stab=axʷ
gʷə=s=šu –dxʷ–b
NEG=now
SBJ=what=now
SBJ=NM=see–DC–PASS
‘Nothing could be seen.’ 779 gʷəl ʷul’ tu ildub əlgʷə gʷəl
ʷul’
SCONJ
only
tu= il–dxʷ–b
əlgʷə
PAST=arrive–DC–PASS
PL
‘And they had simply been taken.’ 780 gʷəl tugʷa gʷəl
tu=gʷa
SCONJ
PAST=clear
‘And it cleared.’ 781 tuwəli il ti ə swatixʷtəd ti i tə tudəxʷ əy’cu ts tu=wəli –il
ti ə
swatixʷtəd
ti i
tə
PAST=visible–INCH
PROX
land
DIST
NSPEC
tu=dəxʷ= əy’–t–sut=s PAST=ADNM=find–ICS–REFL=3PO
‘This land where they found themselves became visible.’
Martha Williams Lamont
179
782 gʷəl liləxʷ ə gʷəl
lil=axʷ
SCONJ
far=now
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “And we were far away.’ 783
adəxʷ ad=axʷ where=now ‘ “Where?” ’
784 gʷəhaw’ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ swatixʷtəd ti ə dəxʷ ils gʷəhaw’ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
swatixʷtəd
ti ə
dəxʷ= il=s
seemingly
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
land
PROX
ADNM=arrive=3PO
‘Where they arrive seems to be dwarf country.’ 785
ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There they are.’
786
a ə
al ti i qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ
a
ə
be.there
al
1PL.SUB
at
ti i
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
DIST
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘ “There we were with the dwarves.” ’ 787 huy šidᶻtəbəxʷ ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ huy šidᶻ–t–b=axʷ ti ə qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ sneak.attack–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ə PR
‘Then the dwarves are attacked without warning by the Duck People.’ 788 ha kʷ ƛ’uyabuk’ʷ ha kʷ
ƛ’u=yabuk’ʷ
long.time
HAB=fight
‘For a long time they had been fighting.’ 789
ʷul’ ƛ’u ili tub ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ ʷul’ only
ƛ’u= ili –txʷ–b
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
HAB=battle–ECS–PASS
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ə PR
ti ə PROX
180
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
bu qʷ waterfowl ‘The dwarves are always just attacked by the Duck People.’ 790 həd iw’əxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tul’šqalatxʷ həd iw’=axʷ
ti ə
bu qʷ
tul’–šq•alatxʷ
indoors=now
PROX
waterfowl
CNTRFG–high•house
‘The Duck People enter the house from the roof.’ 791 cucut ti ə dii ’u cut–cut
ti ə
dii ’u
DSTR–say
PROX
one:HMN
‘One (dwarf) said,’ 792 ƛ’utul’ a tə ƛ’us əƛ’ ə ti i bu qʷ
a ƛ’ušubutəb al ti
ƛ’u=tul’– a
tə
ƛ’u=s= əƛ’
HAB=CNTRPT–be.there
NSPEC
HAB=NM=come
a
al
ƛ’u=šubu–t–b
1PL.COORD
HAB=many.die–ICS–PASS
at
ə
ti i
bu qʷ
PR
DIST
waterfowl
ti SPEC
‘ “From there those Duck People always come and we are slain here.’ 793
ʷul’ ələp əshuyucut ad kʷi dəxʷ aləp ələpa xʷi lə ə itub ʷul’
ələp
only
2PL.SUB ələpa 2PL.COORD
as–huyu–t–sut
ad
STAT–made–ICS–REFL
where
kʷi
dəxʷ= a=lap
REM
ADNM=be.there=2PL.PO
xʷi
lə= ə id–txʷ–b
NEG
NEGP=what.happen–ECS–PASS
‘ “You guys just prepare yourselves where you are and nothing will happen to you.” ’ 794
ahəxʷ əlgʷə
ʷul’əxʷ al kʷədi
ad kʷi səscaq’šadubs səs adᶻils əlgʷə
i ti ə
ay’əds a=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there=now
PL
ʷul’=axʷ
al kʷədi
only=now at
REM.DMA
ad where
kʷi REM
–
s= as–caq’•šad–dxʷ–b=s
s= as– ac il=s
NM=STAT–impaled•leg–DC–PASS=3PO
NM=STAT–hidden–INCH=3PO
əlgʷə PL
i CONJ
ti ə PROX
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
‘They are there now just where they were led, they were hidden, he and his companion.’
Martha Williams Lamont
795
181
a ti ə səsƛ’uq’ʷagʷils əlgʷə a be.there
ti ə
s= as–ƛ’uq’ʷ–agʷil=s
əlgʷə
PROX
NM=STAT–cram.in–AUTO=3PO
PL
‘There they get themselves into a very snug place.’ 796 huy iləxʷ ti ə s ili huy
il=axʷ begin=now
SCONJ
ti ə
s= ili
PROX
NM=battle
‘Then the battle begins.’ 797 huy həd iw’əxʷ ti i cədi bu qʷ kʷi balgʷas ə ti bu qʷ huy SCONJ
həd iw’=axʷ
ti i
cədi
bu qʷ
kʷi
balgʷas
ə
indoors=now
DIST
s/he
waterfowl
REM
all.kinds
PR
bu qʷ waterfowl ‘Then the Duck People, all kinds of waterfowl, enter the house.’ 798 ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli kʷi dᶻixʷ ləli different
first
REM
different
kʷi
dᶻixʷ
REM
first
‘The first is different, the next is different.’ 799 ti ə
i stab i stab
ti ə PROX
i
stab what
CONJ
i
stab
CONJ
what
‘Both this kind and that kind.’ 800 swuq’ʷadi
i ʷətis i stab
swuq’ʷadi
i
loon
ʷətis
CONJ
i
silver.diver
stab
CONJ
what
‘There is Loon and Silver Diver and other kinds.’ 801
də ’axʷ sbə də ’axʷ
s–bə
once
NP–fall
‘One after another.’ 802 ti acəc stab tsi tsi i tusqʷi qʷi adəxʷ ti acəc
stab
tsi
tsi i
tu=s=qʷi –qʷi ad=axʷ
UNQ
what
SPEC:FEM
DIST:FEM
PAST=NM=DSTR–call.out=now
‘That very one, the one who called out,’
ti SPEC
182
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
803 cutəxʷ ti acəc cədi cut=axʷ
ti acəc
cədi
say=now
UNQ
s/he
‘She speaks.’ 804
al ti i sbək’ʷiləxʷ ə ti ə al at
aci talbixʷ uqʷqʷatiləxʷ
ti i
s=bək’ʷ–il=axʷ
DIST
NM=all–INCH=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
aci talbixʷ people
u–qʷ–qʷata–il=axʷ PFV–RDP–laid.out–INCH=now
‘When the people are finished off, they lie all about.’ 805 ləxʷəbtəb ti ə lə=xʷəb–t–b
ti ə
PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
PROX
‘They had been thrown.’ 806 stab ti ə dəxʷut’uc’utəbs ti ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ stab
ti ə
dəxʷ= u–t’uc’u–t–b=s
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
what
PROX
ADNM=PFV–shot–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘What have the dwarves been shot with?’ 807 tiləb lə atəbəd tiləb
lə= atəbəd
immediately
PROG=die
‘Right away they are dying.’ 808 tiləb lə atəbəd tiləb
lə= atəbəd
immediately
PROG=die
‘Right away they are dying.’ 809 huy šubalihəxʷ huy
šubali=həxʷ
SCONJ
many.die=now
‘Then they die.’ 810 day’ay’əxʷ əlgʷə day’–ay’=axʷ
əlgʷə
INTNS–really=now
PL
‘The brothers are alone.’
Martha Williams Lamont
183
811 lə i ilil al ti ə dəxʷ as lə= i ilil
al ti ə
PROG=make.noises
at
dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
PROX
‘They are making noises where they are.’ 812 huy cutəxʷ huy
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
‘Then he speaks,’ 813 ƛ’ubəxʷ ə
u ’axʷalikʷ ə ti ə bu qʷ
ƛ’ub=axʷ
u– ’axʷa–alikʷ
ə
PFV–clubbed–ACT
PR
ə
well=now
1PL.SUB
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
‘ “We should batter these Duck People.’
ha
s ə əd
udᶻəgʷa il əw’ə ƛ’us i u ili ti ə u–dᶻəgʷa –il əw’ə
good
food
PROX
814 ha
s ə əd ti ə
PFV–expert–INCH
ƛ’u=s= i – u– ili HAB=NM=PRTV–PFV–battle
PTCL
‘ “Those that have (fought) expertly in battle are good food.’ 815
s tabəxʷ kʷi gʷədəxʷ ’axʷalikʷ ə
ə ti ə bək’ʷ stab ti ə ha
stab=axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ= ’axʷa–alikʷ
what=now
REM
SBJ=ADNM=clubbed–ACT
stab
ti ə
ha
what
PROX
good
ə PR
ə
ə
1PL.PO
tə
bu qʷ
NSPEC
waterfowl
PR
ə tə bu qʷ ti ə
bək’ʷ
PROX
all
‘ “What can we use to club all these whatever, these good ducks?” ’ 816 huy ’axʷalikʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
ə ti ə
’axʷa–alikʷ=axʷ
ʷubt
əlgʷə
clubbed–ACT=now
ə PR
PL
ti ə
ʷubt
PROX
paddle
‘Then they beat them with the paddle.’ 817 yə i a ti i yə i because
ʷubts əlgʷə a
be.there
ti i
ʷubt–s paddle–3PO
DIST
əlgʷə PL
‘Because their paddle is there.’ 818
’axʷdupədəxʷ əlgʷə ti i stab kʷi gʷəsqas kʷi gʷəs ə əds əlgʷə ’axʷ•dup–t=axʷ clubbed•COLL–ICS=now
əlgʷə
ti i
stab
kʷi
gʷə=s=qa=s
PL
DIST
what
REM
SBJ=NM=many=3PO
184
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
kʷi
gʷə=s ə əd–s
əlgʷə
REM
SBJ=food–3PO
PL
‘They club them everywhere so there would be a lot for their food.’ 819 hay kʷa əd əlgʷə hay
kʷa –t
əlgʷə
SCONJ
released–ICS
PL
‘So, they let them go.’ 820 huy u ʷəxʷ t[s]i huy
u ʷ=axʷ t[s]i go=now
SCONJ
SPEC:FEM
‘Then she goes.’ 821 qʷi adəxʷ tsi acəc q’ʷu ap qʷi ad=axʷ
tsi acəc
q’ʷu ap
call.out=now
UNQ:FEM
black.duck
‘That Black Duck calls out,’ 822 šəqlaˑ adəb i d alalš šq•l•a ad–b high•CNN•arm–MD
i
d– al–alš
2PL.IMP
1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “Raise your arms, my brothers!’ 823
aci talbixʷaladxʷ tə dəxʷtəšaləp aci talbixʷaladxʷ humans
tə
dəxʷ=təša=lap
NSPEC
ADNM=misfortune=2PL.PO
‘ “Humans are responsible for your misfortune.” ’ 824
uˑ tugʷətxʷadəxʷ ti i bu qʷ u INTJ
tu=gʷə=txʷad=axʷ
ti i
bu qʷ
HAB=SBJ=sound.of.flock=now
DIST
waterfowl
‘Oh, with a roar of wings those Duck People flew up.’ 825 bə u ʷəxʷ bə= u ʷ=axʷ ADD=go=now
‘They go again.’
Martha Williams Lamont
185
826 bəsasaq’ʷəxʷ bə=sa–saq’ʷ=axʷ ADD=ATTN–fly=now
‘They fly off again.’ 827 huy gʷəl šaadᶻal huy
gʷəl
šaadᶻal
SCONJ
SCONJ
go.outdoors:PL
‘And then they go out doors.’ 828 day’ay’əxʷ ti ə
əsqʷatqʷat ti ə
day’–ay’=axʷ
ti ə
INTNS–really=now
PROX
a i caadi
as–qʷat–qʷata
ti ə
STAT–DSTR–laid.out
a be.there
PROX
caadi they ‘Only these (ducks) are lying there with the others.’ 829 q’ʷu əd əlgʷə ti ə
us ə əds əlgʷə
q’ʷu –t
əlgʷə
ti ə
gathered–ICS
PL
PROX
u=s– ə əd–s
əlgʷə
IRR=food–3PO
PL
‘They gather these for their food.’ 830 cuuc cut–c say–ALTV ‘He speaks to (his brother),’ 831
asq’ʷu ti ə s ə əd ə u= as–q’ʷu IRR=STAT–gathered
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “Our food will be gathered.’ 832 day’ ə utabad day’ uniquely
ə
u=taba–t
1PL.SUB
IRR=do–ICS
‘ “We’ll just do it.’ 833
uhudyid
ə
a utab əcəd
u=hud–yi–t IRR=burn–DAT–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
a 1PL.COORD
u=taba IRR=do
əc–t extract–ICS
‘ “We’ll make a fire for them and we will do it, pluck them.” ’
i CONJ
186
834
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
ahədəxʷ əlgʷə a–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
be.there–ICS=now
PL
‘They put them there.’ 835 huy stab kʷi dəxʷušubali ə ti acəc qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ huy
stab
kʷi
dəxʷ= u–šubali
SCONJ
what
REM
ADNM=PFV–many.die
ə PR
ti acəc qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ UNQ
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Then, “What has killed the dwarves?’ 836 stab stab what ‘ “What?” ’ 837 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy
u ʷ=axʷ əlgʷə
SCONJ
go=now
PL
‘Then they go.’ 838 gʷəl k’ʷa adəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi gʷəl
k’ʷa a–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
examine–ICS=now
PL
PROX
they
‘And they examine them.’ 839 gʷəhaw’ə di tsi ə cədi
ə ti stab tsi i
gʷəhaw’ə
di
tsi ə
cədi
seemingly
FOC
PROX:FEM
s/he
ʷul’ ƛ’uləxʷəbtəb ə ‿ti seemingly
stab
tsi i
what
DIST:FEM
ƛ’u=lə=xʷəb–t–b IRR=PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
‘It seems it is this, something like that would just be thrown at them.’ 840 gʷəl ləc’aq’abac tsi i gʷəl
lə=c’aq’•abac
tsi i
SCONJ
PROG=impaled•body
DIST:FEM
‘And that penetrates their bodies.’ 841 ƛ’u aw’t ƛ’usu əƛ’ ə kʷ(i) st’u q’ʷ ƛ’u= aw’t
ƛ’u=s= u– əƛ’
HAB=new
HAB=NM=PFV–come
ə PR
kʷi
st’u q’ʷ
REM
feather
‘It is the feathers that would come in anew.’
ʷul’ only
Martha Williams Lamont
187
842 gʷəl a u xʷ tsi i cədi dəxʷuƛ’iqs ə ti ƛ’usc’uqʷəb gʷəl
a be.there
SCONJ
u xʷ
tsi i
cədi
dəxʷ= u–ƛ’iq=s
PTCL
DIST:FEM
s/he
ADNM=PFV–emerge=3PO
ə ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u=s=c’uqʷəb HAB=NM=quill
‘And there are those that would emerge like quills.’ 843 ƛ’ucutəb ƛ’u=cut–t–b HAB=say–ICS–PASS
‘It is spoken.’ 844 di dəxʷutəšs atub əw’ə di
dəxʷ= u–təš=s
FOC
ADNM=PFV–misfortune=3PO
a–txʷ–b
əw’ə
be.there–ECS–PASS
PTCL
‘ “It is to cause (the dwarves’) misfortune that these are put there.” ’ 845 ləxʷəcədaxʷ əlgʷə lə=xʷəc–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
PROG=removed–ICS=now
PL
‘They pull them out.’ 846 ləxʷəcədaxʷ əlgʷə ti i dəxʷut’u c’ t’uc’ il tubs lə=xʷəc–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti i
PROG=removed–ICS=now
PL
DIST
dəxʷ= u–t’uc’–t’uc’u–il–txʷ–b=s ADNM=PFV–DSTR–shot–INCH–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘They pull out what (the dwarves) have been shot with.’ 847 tiləbəxʷ bugʷədil ti ə cədi qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ tiləb=axʷ
bə= u–gʷəd–il
ti ə
cədi
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
immediately=now
ADD=PFV–down–INCH
PROX
s/he
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Right away the dwarves sit up again.’ 848 ləp’alil lə=p’alil PROG=revive
‘They revive.’
188
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
849 huy u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə ti i huy
u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
SCONJ
əlgʷə
ti i
PL
DIST
‘Then (the brothers) go to them.’ 850 gʷəl ə ti ƛ’ub up’alildxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
ə ‿ti seemingly
SCONJ
ƛ’ub
u=p’alil–dxʷ
well
IRR=revive–DC
əlgʷə PL
‘And it seems they will bring them around.’ 851 huy bəq’ʷu ədəxʷ huy
bə=q’ʷu –t=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=gathered–ICS=now
‘Then they gather them.’ 852 q’ʷu ədəxʷ q’ʷu –t=axʷ gathered–ICS=now ‘They gather them.’ 853 gʷəl lildəxʷ ti i cədi sa dəxʷut’uc’s gʷəl
lil–t=axʷ
ti i
cədi
sa
dəxʷ= u–t’uc’=s
SCONJ
far–ICS=now
DIST
s/he
bad
ADNM=PFV–shot=3PO
‘And they remove these bad things used for shooting.’ 854 gʷəl p’al’p’aliləxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
p’al’–p’alil=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
DSTR–revive=now
PL
‘And (the dwarves) revive.’ 855 lə əcəd əlgʷə lə əcəd lə əcəd lə= əc–t
əlgʷə
lə= əc–t
lə= əc–t
PROG=extract–ICS
PL
PROG=extract–ICS
PROG=extract–ICS
‘They pull them out, pull them out, pull them out.’ 856
ʷul’ ə ti ƛ’asc’itqs ʷul’ only
ə ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u= as–c’it•qs HAB=STAT–pierce•nose
‘They seem just to have been pierced.’
Martha Williams Lamont
189
857 gʷəl basyubiləxʷ gʷəl
bə= as–yubil=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=STAT–die=now
‘And they die.’ 858 hay p’alildxʷ əlgʷə hay
p’alil–dxʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
revive–DC
PL
‘So, they revive them.’ 859 huy hii əxʷ əlgʷə ti ə caadi huy
hii =axʷ
əlgʷə
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
happy=now
PL
PROX
they
‘Then they are happy.’ 860 yuˑ yu good ‘ “Wonderful!’ 861
uhəli təb ə
ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ tusəskʷədab ə
u–həli –t–b
ə
PFV–alive–ICS–PASS
ə
1PL.SUB
ti ə
PR
PROX
tu=s= as–kʷəda–b
aci talbixʷ people
ə
PAST=NM=STAT–taken–CSMD
1PL.PO
‘ “We have been cured by these people whom we captured.’ 862
uˑ ƛ’ubəxʷ ələp uptidgʷasbid u
ƛ’ub=axʷ
ələp
INTJ
well=now
2PL.SUB
u–ptidgʷasbid PFV–think.about
‘ “Oh, you guys should think about it.’ 863
əs al kʷi ushuys as– al
kʷi
STAT–how
u=s=huyu=s
REM
IRR=NM=made=3PO
‘ “How will it be done?’ 864 caadi ti ə dəxʷəli
ə dəxʷgʷaadil ə
caadi
ti ə
dəxʷ=həli
they
PROX
ADNM=alive
ə 1PL.PO
ə til’ ti ə
u ʷadᶻatubu
dəxʷ=gʷaad–il ADNM=down:PL–INCH
ə 1PL.PO
ə PR
190
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
u– ʷadᶻa–t–ubu
til’
ti ə
ABS
PROX
PFV–annihilate–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “The ones by whom we have been cured, the reason we (can) sit up, (in spite of) those absent ones who annihilated us, are they.” ’ 865 huy gʷəl cut huy
gʷəl
cut
SCONJ
SCONJ
say
‘And then (a dwarf) speaks,’ 866 dəxʷ ə itxʷləp ti ə
əsqʷat bu qʷ
dəxʷ= ə id–txʷ=lap
ti ə
as–qʷat
ADNM=what.happen–ECS=2PL.PO
PROX
bu qʷ
STAT–laid.out
waterfowl
‘ “What are you guys going to do with the fallen Duck People?” ’ 867
yə i huy ac aci talbixʷ al caadi ti ə caadi yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
ac– aci talbixʷ
al at
DSTR–people
ə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ
caadi
ti ə
caadi
ə
they
PROX
they
PR
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
‘Because (the ducks) are people to them, they who are dwarves.’ 868
ac aci talbixʷ ac– aci talbixʷ DSTR–people
‘They are people.’ 869 gʷəl əsdᶻilid əlgʷə ti i bu qʷ s i u ili s gʷəl as–dᶻili–t əlgʷə ti i bu qʷ SCONJ
STAT–scorn–ICS
PL
DIST
waterfowl
s= i – u– ili =s NM=PRTV–PFV–battle=3PO
‘But they despise those among the Duck People who warred on them.’ 870
uˑ us ə əd ə ti i u INTJ
u=s ə əd
ə
IRR=food
ti i
1PL.PO
DIST
‘ “Oh, they will be our food.’ 871 ha
s ə əd ə ti ə bu qʷ
ha
s ə əd
good
food
ə 1PL.PO
ti ə
bu qʷ
PROX
waterfowl
‘ “These ducks are our good food.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
191
872 ƛ’ub ələp u u ʷtxʷ dxʷ ad ələpa atxʷ ƛ’ub well
ələp
u– u ʷ–txʷ
2PL.SUB
dxʷ– ad
PFV–go–ECS
ələpa
CNTRPT–where
2PL.COORD
a–txʷ be.there–ECS
‘ “You guys should take them somewhere and you put them there.’ 873 day’ ələp uhudyid day’
ələp
uniquely
u=hud–yi–t
2PL.SUB
IRR=burn–DAT–ICS
‘ “You guys will simply make a fire for them.’ 874 diˑ a ad ələp uq’ʷəld di •a ad
ələp
other.side•side
u=q’ʷəl–t
2PL.SUB
IRR=cooked–ICS
‘ “On the other side you will cook them.” ’ 7
875 ƛ’asq’ʷəlbəd ə
ƛ’u= as–q’ʷəl–b–t
ə
HAB=STAT–cooked–CSMD–ICS
1PL.SUB
‘ “We always cook them.’ 876 ƛ’asq’ʷəld ə
al ti i hud
ƛ’u= as–q’ʷəl–t
ə
HAB=STAT–cooked–ICS
al
1PL.SUB
at
ti i
hud
DIST
burn
‘ “We always cook them on a fire.” ’ 877 huy uhuyucut ələp əs ista huy SCONJ
u=huyu–t–sut IRR=made–ICS–REFL
ələp
as– ista
2PL.SUB
STAT–be.like
‘ “Then you guys will prepare yourselves to do it like that.” ’ 878 huy cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then they are spoken to by these people,’ 879 hii bid ə ti gʷəlapu hii –bi–t happy–MAP–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
ti
gʷəlapu
SPEC
you.guys
‘ “We are happy with you guys.’
__________ 7
Immediately preceding this line, Mrs. Lamont says something that is not clearly audible on tape.
192
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
880 day’ ələp u abaqtəb al kʷi pə d tab al kʷi gʷəgʷiid ə ti xʷəlu day’
ələp
u= abaq–t–b
uniquely 2PL.SUB
al kʷi
IRR=return–ICS–PASS
gʷə=gʷihi–t
ə
ti
1PL.SUB
SBJ=invite–ICS
at
REM
pədtab when
al at
kʷi REM
xʷəlu
SPEC
whale
‘ “Indeed, you guys will be returned when we call Whale.’ 881
a ti xʷəlu a
ti
be.there
SPEC
xʷəlu whale
‘ “There is Whale.’ 882 ƛ’udᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ al ti ə al ƛ’u=dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu HAB=DSTR–wander
at
ti ə PROX
‘ “He travels around here.’ 883
u i il dxʷ al kʷi cədi adəxʷtul’ a u= u– i– il IRR=PFV–ATTN–arrive
dxʷ– al
kʷi
cədi
CNTRPT–at
REM
s/he
ad=dəxʷ=tul’– a 2SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there ‘ “He will arrive close to where you are from.’ 884 dəgʷi sqaqagʷə
uhəli dubu
dəgʷi
sqaqagʷə
you
young.noble
u–həli –dxʷ–bu PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ
‘ “It is you, young noble, who gave us life.’ 885 dəgʷiˑ gʷəl dəxʷəli
ə dəxʷp’al’p’alil ə
dəgʷi
gʷəl
dəxʷ=həli
you
SCONJ
ADNM=alive
ə 1PL.PO
dəxʷ=p’al’–p’alil ADNM=DSTR–revive
‘ “You are the reason we are alive, why we have revived.’ 886 huy ələp uhəli dubu əxʷ ə ti ə sdi a ləp huy
ələp
SCONJ
2PL.SUB
u–həli –dxʷ–bu =axʷ PFV–alive–DC–1PL.OBJ=now
s=di a =lap NM=PROX.DMA=2PL.PO
‘ “Then you guys cured us by your being here.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
ə 1PL.PO
Martha Williams Lamont
193
887 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘ “No.’ 888
ʷul’ ə ƛ’ulədxʷs əq’ʷdub ə ti i bu qʷ ʷul’ only
ə
ƛ’u=lə=dxʷs– uq’ʷ–dxʷ–b
1PL.SUB
HAB=PROG=CTD–unplugged–DC–PASS
‘ “We are always just left open to those Duck People.’ 889 ƛ’ut’uc’utubu ƛ’u=t’uc’u–t–ubu HAB=shot–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “They always shoot us.’ 890 tiləb ə lə atəbəd tiləb
ə
immediately
lə= atəbəd
1PL.SUB
PROG=die
‘ “We die right away.’ 891 tiləb ə lə atəbəd tiləb
ə
immediately
lə= atəbəd
1PL.SUB
PROG=die
‘ “We die right away.’ 892 xʷi kʷi gʷat gʷəhəli xʷi
kʷi
gʷat
gʷə=həli
NEG
REM
who
SBJ=alive
‘ “No one would survive.’ 893 huy ƛ’u ʷadᶻatubu əlgʷə huy ƛ’u= ʷadᶻa–t–ubu SCONJ
əlgʷə
HAB=annihilate–ICS–1PL.OBJ
PL
‘ “Then they would slaughter us.’ 894 ƛ’ušidᶻubu əlgʷə ƛ’u=šidᶻ–txʷ–bu HAB=sneak.attack–ECS–1PL.OBJ
əlgʷə PL
‘ “They always attack us without warning.’
ə
ti i
bu qʷ
PR
DIST
waterfowl
194
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
895 ƛ’u ili ə i tu ʷ xʷi kʷi stab dəxʷha
ə
ƛ’u= ili =a i
tu ʷ
xʷi
kʷi
stab
dəxʷ=ha
HAB=battle=1PL.SBJ
just
NEG
REM
what
ADNM=good
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “When we battle, there is nothing good for us.” ’ 896 hay ǰu ilbitəbəxʷ əlgʷə
al ti i
hay
ǰu il–bi–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
enjoy–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
PL
al ti i at
DIST
‘So (the dwarves) are happy with them there.’ 897 huy t axʷ əlgʷə
u ʷəxʷ dxʷdi a ad
huy
t =axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
truly=now
PL
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
dxʷ–di •a ad CNTRPT–other.side•side
‘Then truly they go to the other side.’ 898 gʷəl hud upəxʷ ti ay’əds gʷəl
hud• up=axʷ
ti
SCONJ
burn•fire=now
SPEC
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
‘And his companion lights a fire,’ 899
əctəbaxʷ ti ə bu qʷ tusəsc’qʷib əc–t–b=axʷ extract–ICS–PASS=now
ti ə
bu qʷ
tu=s= as–c’qʷib
PROX
waterfowl
PAST=NM=STAT–share.in
‘These waterfowl they got a share of are plucked.’ 900 huy q’ʷəlbaxʷ əlgʷə huy
q’ʷəl–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
cooked–CSMD=now
PL
‘Then they cook them.’ 901 yə i əsyəyubiləxʷ əlgʷə yə i because
as–yə–yubil=axʷ STAT–PL–starve=now
‘Because they are starving.’ 902
əstətagʷəxʷəxʷ as–tə–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ STAT–PL–hungry=now
‘They are hungry.’
əlgʷə PL
Martha Williams Lamont
195
903 xʷi gʷəsu ə əd ə tə qʷi qʷ qʷistay’bixʷ ə kʷ(i )əsq’ʷəl xʷi
gʷə=s= u– ə əd
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on
ə PR
tə
qʷi–qʷ–qʷistay’bixʷ
NSPEC
ATTN–ATTN–dwarf
ə PR
kʷi REM
as–q’ʷəl STAT–cooked
‘What the dwarves eat is not cooked.’ 904
ʷul’ ic’ tusulək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti ə stab ʷul’
ic’
only
raw
tu=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s
əlgʷə
ti ə
stab
PAST=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO
PL
PROX
what
‘They just ate things that were raw.’ 905 xʷi gʷəslək’ʷəds əlgʷə ti i bəs uladxʷ ti i stab fish ti i stab ƛ’usu ə əds əlgʷə gʷəstab xʷi NEG
gʷə=s=lək’ʷ–t=s
əlgʷə
ti i
bə=s uladxʷ
ti i
stab
SBJ=NM=eaten–ICS=3PO
PL
DIST
ADD=salmon
DIST
what fish
ti i
stab
ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
gʷə=stab
DIST
what
HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
SBJ=what
fish
‘They do not eat salmon or any kind of fish, nor would they eat anything like that.’ 906 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 907 bək’ʷ ʷul’ ə ti ʷul’ ic’ bək’ʷ all
ʷul’ only
ə ‿ti seemingly
ʷul’
ic’
only
raw
‘All is just sort of just raw.’ 908 di haw’ə dəxʷušubalihəxʷ ə ti ə caadi di
haw’ə
dəxʷ= u–šubali=həxʷ
FOC
PTCL
ADNM=PFV–many.die=now
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘That is the reason for their dying.’ 909 xʷi gʷəbəsuwaw’əxʷs əlgʷə xʷi
gʷə=bə=s= u–waw’əxʷ=s
əlgʷə
NEG
SBJ=ADD=NM=PFV–join.in.eating=3PO
PL
‘They do not eat with (the brothers).’
196
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
910 huy tuhud upəxʷ əlgʷə huy
tu=hud• up=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=burn•fire=now
PL
‘Then they lit a fire.’ 911 q’ʷəlbaxʷ q’ʷəl–b=axʷ cooked–CSMD=now ‘They cook.’ 912 gʷəl tu ə ədaxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
tu= ə əd=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=feed.on=now
PL
‘And they ate.’ 913
ə ti tuqʷiq’ʷa də il ə ‿ti
tu=qʷiq’ʷa də il
seemingly
PAST=master.language
‘It seems they had learned their language.’ 914 hay dᶻaak’ʷu əxʷ əlgʷə tatabtubəxʷ ə ti i i hay dᶻaak’ʷu =axʷ əlgʷə tatab–txʷ–b=axʷ at.long.last:rdp=now
SCONJ
ə
talk–ECS–PASS=now
PL
ti –i i
PR
PL–DIST
‘So at long last they talk to them.’ 915
ulə əxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə cədi sdukʷdukʷ əspukʷpukʷəb ti i cədi
ucucutəb
s ulə ulə =axʷ gather=now
əlgʷə PL
ə PR
as–pukʷ–pukʷəb STAT–DSTR–piled.up
ti ə
cədi
s=dukʷ–dukʷu
PROX
s/he
NM=DSTR–abnormal
ti i
cədi
DIST
s/he
u–cut–cut–t–b
s ulə
PFV–DSTR–say–ICS–PASS
dentalia
‘They gather these strange things piled up, what are said to be dentalia.’ 916 stabigʷs di əxʷ tuq’ʷu ədəxʷ əlgʷə dxʷ al kʷi us u ʷtubs stabigʷs
di =axʷ
tu=q’ʷu –t=axʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
kʷi
valuables
FOC=now
PAST=gathered–ICS=now
PL
CNTRPT–at
REM
u=s= u ʷ–txʷ–b=s IRR=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘They were the valuables they gathered for when they would be taken.’
Martha Williams Lamont
197
917 ti i tudəxʷ alildubs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i caadi ti i
tu=dəxʷ= alil–dxʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti i
caadi
DIST
PAST=ADNM=go.ashore–DC–PASS=3PO
PL
CNTRPT–at
DIST
they
‘That is how they managed to be brought ashore to them.’ 918 di əxʷ syəcəbtxʷs ti ə
iišəds əlgʷə ti i s alalustubs əlgʷə ti ə
di =axʷ
s=yəc–b–txʷ=s
FOC=now
NM=report–MD–ECS=3PO
s= alalus–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
NM=happen–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
PROX
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
əlgʷə
ti i
PL
DIST
‘That is what they report to their relatives about how they have been treated.’ 919 tusaxʷəbtubs li al al tsi acəc alšs əlgʷə tu=s=saxʷəb–txʷ–b=s
li – al al
tsi acəc
PAST=NM=jump–ECS–PASS=3PO
PRLV–house
UNQ:FEM
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘They were taken from their home on account of their sister.’ 920 tuhuydxʷ ti i sa
ə [s]
tu=huyu–dxʷ
ti i
sa
ə –s
PAST=made–DC
DIST
bad
mind–3PO
‘Her bad thoughts had done it.’ 921 tugʷəlaltəb ə ti ə s ’istxʷs ti ə tu=gʷəlal–t–b
ə
PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS
PR
ə ə təds ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
ti ə
PROX
husband–3PO
PROX
ə – ə təd–s DSTR–in.law–3PO
‘(Pheasant’s) in-laws had been punished by her husband.’ 922
əs ista ti i tudəxʷsa il ə tsi ə s adəy as– ista STAT–be.like
ti i
tu=dəxʷ=sa –il
ə
DIST
PAST=ADNM=bad–INCH
PR
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
‘It is like this when this woman became bad.’ 923 tukʷədatəbəxʷ tsi i tsi i cədi
alšs əlgʷə
tu=kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
tsi i
tsi i
cədi
PAST=taken–ICS–PASS=now
DIST:FEM
DIST:FEM
s/he
əlgʷə PL
‘She, their sister, was taken.’
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
198
The Brothers of Pheasant’s Wife
924 gʷəl tu ə itubəxʷ gʷəl
tu= ə id–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=what.happen–ECS–PASS=now
‘And it was done to her.’ 925 di əxʷ tušac’əxʷ di =axʷ
tu=šac’=axʷ
FOC=now
PAST=finished=now
‘That is the end.’ 926 xʷ i axʷ gʷədsəsaydxʷ tu ə itub xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=d=s= as–hay–dxʷ
tu= ə id–txʷ–b
NEG=now
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–known–DC
PAST=what.happen–ECS–PASS
‘I don’t know what was done to her.’ 927
ə al kʷi dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs as– al STAT–how
kʷi
dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b–s
REM
ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS–3PO
‘How was she punished?’ 928 hay di šac’ ə tə cədi syəyəhub hay
di
šac’
ə
SCONJ
FOC
end
PR
tə
cədi
syəyəhub
NSPEC
s/he
legend
‘So that is the end of this traditional story.’
Martha Williams Lamont
199
Changer as told by Martha Lamont1 1
acəc ti i bəš əb acəc be.in.place
ti i
bəš əb
DIST
mink
‘Mink is right there.’ 2
bəš əb ta a tulə ibəš bəš əb
ta a
tu=lə= ibəš
mink
DIST:UNQ.DMA
PAST=PROG=travel
‘That one who was travelling is Mink.’ 3
iˑ tulə ibəš ti i bəš əb i and
tu=lə= ibəš
ti i
bəš əb
PAST=PROG=travel
DIST
mink
‘Yes, Mink was travelling.’ 4
lə ibəš ti ə bəš əb lə= ibəš
ti ə
bəš əb
PROG=travel
PROX
mink
‘Mink is travelling.’ 5
gʷəl (h)uy
isəxʷ
gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
il–s=axʷ arrive–ALTV=now
‘And then he comes upon him.’ 6
bəqadadidəxʷ
ə ti ə
s əsq’ʷəlb
bə=qada–di–t=axʷ
ə
ADD=steal–SS–ICS=now
ə PR
PR
ə ti luƛ’ ə ti ə s uladxʷ ti i bəš əb
ti ə PROX
s= as–q’ʷəl–b NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD
ti ə
s uladxʷ
ti i
bəš əb
PROX
salmon
DIST
mink
ə ti PR
SPEC
luƛ’ old
‘Mink steals the old man’s roasting salmon.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 28 August 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998) and as “The Changer Story” in Bierwert 1996.
200
7
Changer
qadadid
ə ti ə
qada–di–t
ə
steal–SS–ICS al at
PR
s əsq’ʷəlb s
ə ti i s uladxʷ al ti ə huds
ti ə
s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s
PROX
NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO
ti ə
hud–s
PROX
burn–3PO
ə
ti i
s uladxʷ
PR
DIST
salmon
‘He steals the salmon roasting on the fire.’ 8
gʷəl tu itutəxʷ ti ə luƛ’ gʷəl
tu= itut=axʷ
ti ə
luƛ’
SCONJ
PAST=sleep=now
PROX
old
‘And the old man was asleep.’ 9
gʷəl (h)uy
iləxʷ ti ə gət ti ə cədi bəš əb
gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
il=axʷ arrive=now
ti ə
gət
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb
PROX
guy
PROX
s/he
mink
‘And then this guy, Mink, arrives.’ 10 huy lək’ʷyidəxʷ huy
ə ti ə cədi tu s əsq’ʷəlb s
lək’ʷ–yi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
ə
eaten–DAT–ICS=now
ti ə
PR
s/he
PROX
tu=s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s PAST=NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO
ə
ti i
s uladxʷ–s
PR
DIST
salmon–3PO
‘Then he eats his roasting salmon.’ 11 gʷəl (h)ay huy ti ə s ə əds gʷəl
hay
huyu
ti ə
s ə əd–s
SCONJ
SCONJ
made
PROX
food–3PO
‘And so he does (i.e., finishes off) his food.’ 12 huy gʷəl bə ibəš ti i bəš əb huy
gʷəl
bə= ibəš
ti i
bəš əb
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=travel
DIST
mink
‘And then Mink travels on.’ 13 lə ibəš lə= ibəš PROG=travel
‘He travels.’
ə ti i s uladxʷs cədi
Martha Williams Lamont
201
14 lə ibəš bək’ʷ dxʷ ad lə= ibəš
bək’ʷ
dxʷ– ad
PROG=travel
all
CNTRPT–where
‘He travels everywhere.’ 15 xʷu ələ
a kʷi sə ibəš s
xʷu ələ
a
maybe
al ti ə li ilgʷi
kʷi
be.there
al
NM=PROG=travel=3PO
REM
li – il•gʷi
ə
PRLV–side•waterway
ə tə ʷəl
s=lə= ibəš=s tə
PR
at
ti ə PROX
ʷəl
NSPEC
sea
‘I guess he is there travelling along the shore of the sound.’ 16
a kʷi ƛ’ubəs i t’aq’ts li al ti i a be.there
i t’aq’t
kʷi
ƛ’u=bə=s= i –t’aq’t=s
li – al
ti i
REM
HAB=ADD=NM=PRTV–inland=3PO
PRLV–at
DIST
i –t’aq’t PRTV–inland
‘There he would be again up the bank, along the bank.’ 17
a kʷi s i a kʷs a be.there
kʷi
s= i – a kʷ=s
REM
NM=PRTV–seaward=3PO
‘There he is down further waterward.’ 18 huy taqʷu əxʷ huy
taqʷu =axʷ
SCONJ
thirst=now
‘Then he is thirsty.’ 19 taqʷu əxʷ taqʷu =axʷ thirst=now ‘He is thirsty.’ 20 gʷəl (h)uy bəqʷu qʷa
al ti i bək’ʷ
gʷəl
huy
bə=qʷu qʷa
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=drink
‘And then he drinks everywhere.’
al at
ad ti i
bək’ʷ
DIST
all
ad where
202
Changer
21 bəqʷu qʷa
al ti i bək’ʷ
bə=qʷu qʷa ADD=drink
al at
ad
ti i
bək’ʷ
DIST
all
ad where
‘He drinks everywhere.’ 22 hay gʷəl bə iləxʷ dxʷ al ti i bədəxʷ ils hay
gʷəl
bə= il=axʷ
dxʷ– al
ti i
bə=dəxʷ= il=s
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=arrive=now
CNTRPT–at
DIST
ADD=ADNM=arrive=3PO
‘And so he arrives where he arrived.’ 23 gʷəl (h)ay b ə əy’dxʷəxʷ ti ə qa ti i s uladxʷ al ti i cədi də ’u stuləkʷ gʷəl
huy
bə= əy’–dxʷ=axʷ
ti ə
qa
ti i
s uladxʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=find–DC=now
PROX
many
DIST
salmon
ti i
cədi
də ’u
stuləkʷ
DIST
s/he
one
river
‘And then he finds a lot of salmon in this one river.’ 24 huy bəkʷədalikʷəxʷ ə ti ə s uladxʷ huy
bə=kʷəda–alikʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=taken–ACT=now
ə PR
ti ə
s uladxʷ
PROX
salmon
‘Then he catches a salmon.’ 25 huy qʷibidəxʷ huy
qʷibi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS=now
‘Then he prepares it.’ 26 huy q’ʷəldaxʷ huy
q’ʷəl–t=axʷ
SCONJ
cooked–ICS=now
‘Then he cooks it.’ 27 q’ʷəlbaxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb al ti ə
ə ti udəxʷq’əlbs
q’ʷəl–b=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb
cooked–CSMD=now
PROX
s/he
mink
u=dəxʷ=q’əlb=s IRR=ADNM=make.camp=3PO
‘Mink roasts it where he would sort of camp.’
al at
ti ə PROX
ə ‿ti seemingly
al at
Martha Williams Lamont
203
28 huy lə ibəš li ilgʷi huy
lə= ibəš
li – il•gʷi
SCONJ
PROG=travel
PRLV–side•waterway
‘Then he travels along the shore.’ 29 dady’əy’ ti ə bəš əb dady’əy’
ti ə
bəš əb
alone
PROX
mink
‘Mink is all alone.’ 30 xʷi gʷəsəsgʷatxʷs ti i tətyika su suq’ʷa s xʷi NEG
gʷə=s= as–gʷa–txʷ=s
ti i
tətyika
SBJ=NM=STAT–accompany–ECS=3PO
DIST
Tutyika
su –suq’ʷa –s ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
‘He has not taken along his little younger cousin, Tutyika.’ 31 dady’əy’ dady’əy’ alone ‘He is all alone.’ 32 hay itutəxʷ ti i bəš əb hay SCONJ
itut=axʷ
ti i
bəš əb
sleep=now
DIST
mink
‘So, Mink falls asleep.’ 33 gʷəl itutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
itut=axʷ sleep=now
‘And he sleeps.’ 34 gʷəhaw’ə lə ibəšəxʷ ti ə dukʷibə gʷəhaw’ə
lə= ibəš=axʷ
ti ə
dukʷibə
seemingly
PROG=travel=now
PROX
Changer
‘It seems that Changer is travelling.’ 35 lədxʷdᶻalgʷəpəxʷ ti ə dukʷibə lə=dxʷdᶻalgʷəp=axʷ PROG=walk.along.beach=now
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
‘Changer is walking along the beach.’
204
Changer
36 lə ibəšəxʷ al ti acəc li ilgʷi lə= ibəš=axʷ
al
PROG=travel=now
at
ti acəc
li – il•gʷi
UNQ
PRLV–side•waterway
‘He is travelling right there along the shore.’ 37 lə əy’dxʷ ti i
aci talbixʷ
lə= əy’–dxʷ
ti i
PROG=find–DC
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
‘He is going along finding people.’ 38 ləwiliq’ʷid stab kʷi səshuys lə=wiliq’ʷi–t
stab
kʷi
s= as–huyu=s
PROG=ask–ICS
what
REM
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He is going along asking what they are doing.’ 39 gʷəl
isəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb
gʷəl SCONJ
il–s–b=axʷ arrive–ALTV–PASS=now
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘And he comes upon Mink.’ 40
əs itut as– itut STAT–sleep
‘He is asleep.’ 41 xʷu ələ
əxʷcutəbitəb ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə
xʷu ələ maybe
as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b
ə
STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
cədi
dukʷibə
PROX
s/he
Changer
‘It seems that Changer thinks,’ 42 day’əxʷ (h)a
ti ə səsq’ʷəlb ə ti acəc bəš əb
day’=axʷ
ha
ti ə
s= as–q’ʷəl–b
uniquely=now
good
PROX
NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD
ə PR
ti acəc
bəš əb
UNQ
mink
‘ “Mink’s roast is sure to be good.” ’ 43
əsaydub ti ə
bəš əb ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə
as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘Changer knows what Mink is like.’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
dukʷibə
PROX
s/he
Changer
Martha Williams Lamont
205
44 huy dxʷscutəbəxʷ huy
dxʷs–cut–ab=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–say–DSD=now
‘Then he thinks,’ 45 xʷu ələ ƛ’ub ədəxʷ bəqadadid ə ti i səsq’ʷəlbs əda gʷə ə əd xʷu ələ
ƛ’ub
maybe
well
əd=axʷ
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
bə=qada–di–t
1SG.SUB=now
ADD=steal–SS–ICS
s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s
əda
NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO
gʷə= ə əd
1SG.COORD
SBJ=feed.on
‘ “Maybe I should steal his roast and eat it.’ 46 huy əd əstagʷəxʷəxʷ huy
əd
SCONJ
as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ
1SG.SUB
STAT–hungry=now
‘ “For I am hungry.” ’ 47 huy ə ədaxʷ ə ti ə huy
ə əd=axʷ
SCONJ
ə
feed.on=now
PR
ti ə PROX
‘So he eats it.’ 48 kʷədalikʷəxʷ ə ti ə səsq’ʷəlb ə ti ə bəš əb kʷəda–alikʷ=axʷ
ə
taken–ACT=now
PR
ti ə
s= as–q’ʷəl–b
PROX
NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD
ə PR
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘He takes bits of Mink’s roast.’ 49
ə ədaxʷ ti ə dukʷibə ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
‘Changer eats it.’ 50 hay kʷa dəxʷ ti i xʷu ələ
əs ə id tusəsq’ʷəlbs ti i s uladxʷ
hay
kʷa –t=axʷ
ti i
xʷu ələ
SCONJ
released–ICS=now
DIST
maybe
as– ə id STAT–what.happen
tu=s= as–q’ʷəl–b=s
ti i
s uladxʷ
PAST=NM=STAT–cooked–CSMD=3PO
DIST
salmon
‘So, he left (clues about) what might have happened to the roasting salmon.’
206
Changer
51 huy gʷəl (h)uy bə ibəšəxʷ ti ə cədi dukʷibə huy
gʷəl
huy
bə= ibəš=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
dukʷibə
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=travel=now
PROX
s/he
Changer
‘And then Changer travels on.’ 52 bəhiwiləxʷ bə=hiwil=axʷ ADD=go.ahead=now
‘He goes on ahead.’ 53 lə ibəš li ilgʷi
ə ti ə
ʷəl
lə= ibəš
li – il•gʷi
ə
PROG=travel
PRLV–side•waterway
ti ə
PR
PROX
ʷəl sea
‘He walks along the shore of the sound.’ 54
a kʷi ƛ’ubə s li t’aq’t s a be.there
kʷi
ƛ’u=bə=s=li –t’aq’t=s
REM
HAB=ADD=NM=PRLV–inland=3PO
‘There he would be up along the bank.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubəli a kʷ kʷi sə ibəšs li ilgʷi gʷəl SCONJ
ƛ’u=bə=li – a kʷ
kʷi
s=lə= ibəš=s
HAB=ADD=PRLV–seaward
REM
NM=PROG=travel=3PO
li – il•gʷi PRLV–side•waterway
‘And he would go down to the water travelling along the shore.’ 56 huy q axʷ ti ə bəš əb huy
q =axʷ
ti ə
bəš əb
SCONJ
wake.up=now
PROX
mink
‘Then Mink wakes up.’ 57 huy haydxʷəxʷ huy
hay–dxʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
known–DC=now
‘Then he knows.’ 58
uˑ di kʷi dukʷibə kʷ(i )u isəbš u INTJ
di
kʷi
dukʷibə
kʷi
FOC
REM
Changer
REM
u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
‘ “Oh, that very one who came upon me is Changer.’
Martha Williams Lamont
59 di kʷi xʷi ləha
207
dukʷibə kʷ(i )u isəbš
di
kʷi
xʷi
lə=ha
dukʷibə
kʷi
FOC
REM
NEG
NEGP=good
Changer
REM
u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
‘ “It was that no-good so-and-so Changer who came upon me.’ 60 gʷəl lək’ʷyic ə ti i s ə əd ə
gʷəl
lək’ʷ–yi–t–s
SCONJ
eaten–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ PR
ti i
s ə əd
DIST
food
‘ “And he ate my food.” ’ 61
əsaydub ə ti i cədi bəš əb as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS
ə
ti i
cədi
bəš əb
PR
DIST
s/he
mink
‘It is known by Mink.’ 62 huy ə ti bədxʷqahigʷəd ti i bəš əb ə ti basdukʷil huy
ə ‿ti
SCONJ
seemingly
bə=dxʷ–qa•igʷəd
ti i
bəš əb
ADD=CTD–many•inside.body
DIST
mink
ə ‿ti seemingly
bə= as–dukʷu–il ADD=STAT–abnormal–INCH
‘Then it seems Mink has supernatural knowledge too, as though he were supernatural too.’ 63
əsaydxʷ ti i ƛ’usəs ibəš ə ti i dukʷibə as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC
ti i
ƛ’u=s= as– ibəš
DIST
HAB=NM=STAT–travel
‘He knows that Changer would be on a journey.’ 64
əsludxʷ as–lu–dxʷ STAT–hear–DC
‘He has heard.’ 65 lə ibəš ti dukʷibə lə= ibəš
ti
dukʷibə
PROG=travel
SPEC
Changer
‘Changer is travelling.’
ə
ti i
dukʷibə
PR
DIST
Changer
208
Changer
66 huy cutəxʷ huy
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
‘Then he says,’ 67 di
uqadadic
di
u–qada–di–t–s PFV–steal–SS–ICS–1SG.OBJ
FOC
‘ “He’s the one who stole from me.’ 68 cədi kʷi uqada cədi
kʷi
s/he
REM
u–qada PFV–steal
‘ “He’s the one who stole it.” ’ 69 saxʷəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb li t’aq’t ə ti ə cədi … saxʷəb=axʷ
ti ə
bəš əb
li –t’aq’t
jump=now
PROX
mink
PRLV–inland
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘Mink runs along the bluff.’ 70 tudi stab tə dukʷibə tudi
stab
tə
dukʷibə
DIST.DMA
what
NSPEC
Changer
‘Changer is over there.’ 71 tə cədi haw’ə ti i
ulək’ʷyic ə ti i ds ə əd
tə
cədi
haw’ə
ti i
truly
s/he
PTCL
DIST
u–lək’ʷ–yi–t–s PFV–eaten–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
d=s ə əd 1SG.PO=food ‘ “Truly the one who ate my food on me is him.” ’ 72 huy u ʷəxʷ li t’aq’t huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ li –t’aq’t go=now
PRLV–inland
‘Then he goes along the bluff.’ 73 gʷəl lə u ʷ gʷəl
lə= u ʷ
SCONJ
PROG=go
‘And he is going.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
209
74 gʷəl ləhuyud ti ə qʷu gʷəl
lə=huyu–t
ti ə
qʷu
SCONJ
PROG=made–ICS
PROX
water
‘And he is making water (i.e., urinating).’ 75 huyud ti ə qʷu huyu–t
ti ə
qʷu
made–ICS
PROX
water
‘He makes water.’ 76
uk’ʷə dxʷ a kʷ u–k’ʷə
dxʷ– a kʷ
PFV–spill
CNTRPT–seaward
‘It spills towards the sea.’ 77
əsaydxʷ as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC
‘He knows.’ 78
astaqʷu ti ə cədi u= as–taqʷu IRR=STAT–thirst
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘(Changer) will be thirsty.’ 79 bəš əb utaqʷu bəs əb mink
u=taqʷu IRR=thirst
‘Mink (thinks), “He will be thirsty.’ 80 yə i huy u ə əd ə ti ə s uladxʷ yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
u– ə əd PFV–feed.on
ə PR
ti ə
s uladxʷ
PROX
salmon
‘ “Because he has eaten salmon.” ’ 81 huy gʷəl u ʷ dxʷt’aq’t li t’aq’t huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ go
dxʷ–t’aq’t
li –t’aq’t
CNTRPT–inland
PRLV–inland
‘And then (Mink) goes up from shore along the bluff.’
210
Changer
82 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl
u ʷ
SCONJ
goes
‘And he goes.’ 83 ləbi bəl ʷəd lə=bi –bəl ʷ–t PROG=ATTN–pass–ICS
‘He is getting a little ahead of (Changer).’ 84 huy huyudəxʷ ti ə qʷu huy
huyu–t=axʷ
ti ə
qʷu
SCONJ
made–ICS=now
PROX
water
‘Then he makes water (i.e., urinates).’ 85 k’ʷ axʷ ti ə qʷu dxʷ a kʷ ə ti p’aƛ’aƛ’ little water k’ʷ =axʷ
ti ə
qʷu
dxʷ– a kʷ
spill=now
PROX
water
CNTRPT–seaward
ə ‿ti seemingly
p’aƛ’aƛ’
little
worthless
little
water water ‘This water spills down to the sea as though it were worthless little water.’ 86 ƛ’uk’ʷə dxʷ a kʷ ƛ’u=k’ʷə
dxʷ– a kʷ
HAB=spill
CNTRPT–seaward
‘It spills down to the sea.’ 87 huy cutcuucəxʷ huy
cut–cut–c=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–say–ALTV=now
‘Then (Mink) says it to him.’ 88 cutcuuc cut–cut•uc DSTR–say•face
‘He speaks to him.’ 89 yə (i )uqʷu qʷa əxʷ ti ə cədi yə i because
u–qʷu qʷa =axʷ PFV–drink=now
‘Because (Changer) had drunk.’
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
Martha Williams Lamont
90
211
əs šabapsəbəxʷ as–šab•apsəb=axʷ STAT–dry•throat=now
‘He is parched.’ 91 huy qʷu qʷa əxʷ huy
qʷu qʷa =axʷ
SCONJ
PFV–drink=now
‘So, he drinks.’ 92 tagʷusəbəxʷ al ti ə qʷu tagʷusəb=axʷ
al
lap.up.water=now
at
ti ə
qʷu
PROX
water
‘He laps up the water (like an animal).’ 93
uqʷu qʷa ti ə dukʷibə u–qʷu qʷa PFV–drink
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
‘Changer drinks.’ 94 cick’ʷəxʷ tastaqʷu cick’ʷ=axʷ
tu= as–taqʷu
very=now
PAST=STAT–thirst
‘He was very thirsty.’ 95 huy gʷəl cut huy
gʷəl
cut
SCONJ
SCONJ
say
‘And then (Mink) says,’ 96 šiˑ ši nyah.nyah ‘ “Nyah, nyah!’ 97
uqʷu qʷadid kʷi s ə ʷa
ə kʷi s i ləgʷəbs
u–qʷu qʷa–di–t
kʷi
s ə ʷa
REM
male.urine
PFV–drink–SS–ICS
‘ “He has drunk some other guy’s piss!” ’
ə PR
kʷi
s= i –ləgʷəb=s
REM
NM=PRTV–youth=3PO
212
98
Changer
uˑ tə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “Aw, the no-good so-and-so!’ 99 sa sa bad ‘ “Blah.’ 100 bədi əw’ə sixʷ xʷu ələ gʷuhuyuc
ə ti s ukʷukʷ]
bə=di
əw’ə
sixʷ
xʷu ələ
gʷə= u–huyu–t–s
ADD=FOC
PTCL
PTCL
maybe
SBJ=PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ
s ukʷukʷ game ‘ “I guess it’s him again who has made a fool of me.” ’ 101 bəkʷa təb ə ti i cədi dukʷibə bə=kʷa –t–b ADD=released–ICS–PASS
‘It is let go by Changer.’ 102 gʷəl (h)uy bə u ʷ gʷəl
huy
bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘And then he goes.’ 103 bətu tu ad bə=tu –tu ad ADD=DSTR–spit.out
‘He spits some more.’ 104 gʷəl ibəš gʷəl SCONJ
ibəš travel
‘And he travels.’ 105 bəlil bə=lil ADD=far
‘He goes farther.’
ə
ti i
cədi
dukʷibə
PR
DIST
s/he
Changer
ə ‿ti seemingly
Martha Williams Lamont
106 gʷəl bəšudxʷ ti ə ha
213
uk’ʷik’ʷə qʷu
gʷəl
bə=šu –dxʷ
ti ə
ha
SCONJ
ADD=see–DC
PROX
good
u–k’ʷi–k’ʷə PFV–ATTN–spill
qʷu water
‘And again he sees this nice trickle of water.’ 107
uˑ ha u INTJ
ha good
‘Oh, it is nice.’ 108 tul’t’aq’t ti ə su əƛ’ ə ti ə qʷu tul’–t’aq’t
ti ə
s= u– əƛ’
CNTRFG–inland
PROX
NM=PFV–come
ə PR
ti ə
qʷu
PROX
water
‘From up above it comes down to the sea.’ 109
uˑ ha u INTJ
little fall ti ə səshuys ha
little
fall
ti ə
s= as–huyu=s
good
little
fall
PROX
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘Oh, it was doing (i.e., running) like a nice little waterfall.’ 110 huy uqʷu qʷa əxʷ sixʷ huy SCONJ
u–qʷu qʷa =axʷ PFV–drink=now
sixʷ PTCL
‘Then he drinks again.’ 111 huy əšabapsəbəxʷ huy SCONJ
as–šab•apsəb=axʷ STAT–dry•throat=now
‘He is parched.’ 112 bəcucuucəb ə ti ə bəš əb bə=cut–cut–c–b ADD=DSTR–say–ALTV–PASS
ə PR
‘He is spoken to again by Mink,’ 113 šiˑ ši nyah.nyah ‘ “Nyah, nyah!’
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
214
114
Changer
uqʷu qʷadid kʷi s ə ʷa
ə kʷi s i ləgʷəbs
u–qʷu qʷa–di–t
kʷi
s ə ʷa
REM
male.urine
PFV–drink–SS–ICS
ə PR
kʷi
s= i –ləgʷəb=s
REM
NM=PRTV–youth=3PO
‘ “He has drunk some other guy’s piss.” ’ 115
uˑ tə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “Aw, the no-good so-and-so!” ’ 116 huy ləs aladəxʷ huy
ləs– ala–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG.STAT–chased–ICS=now
‘Then (Mink) has been following (Changer).’ 117 ləhuyudəxʷ
ə ti s ukʷukʷ ti ə dukʷibə
lə=huyu–t=axʷ
ə ‿ti
PROG=made–ICS=now
seemingly
s ukʷukʷ
ti ə
dukʷibə
game
PROX
Changer
‘He is making a fool of Changer.’ 118 lədxʷs ʷal’dxʷ əb dxʷ al ti ə tusqadaditəbs ti ə tus uladxʷs lə=dxʷs– ʷal’–dxʷ–ab
dxʷ– al
ti ə
tu=s=qada–di–t–b=s
PROG=CTD–fail–DC–DSD
CNTRPT–at
PROX
PAST=NM=steal–SS–ICS–PASS=3PO
ti ə
tu=s uladxʷ–s
PROX
PAST=salmon–3PO
‘He wants to get the best of him because his salmon had been stolen.’ 119 xʷu ələ
lədxʷ adəxʷ kʷi sə u ʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə
xʷu ələ
lə=dxʷ– ad=axʷ
kʷi
s= as– u ʷ
ə
maybe
PROG=CNTRFG–where=now
REM
NM=PROG=go
PR
ti ə PROX
dukʷibə Changer ‘It seems Changer is going everywhere.’ 120 gʷəl (h)ay hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə gʷəl
hay
hay
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now PR
‘And so, and then he is spoken to by Changer,’
ə
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
Martha Williams Lamont
121
215
uˑ dəgʷi bəš əb xʷa ləhuyuc s ukʷukʷ u INTJ
dəgʷi
bəš əb
you
mink
xʷa 2SG.COORD
lə=huyu–t–s
s ukʷukʷ
PROG=made–ICS–1SG.OBJ
game
‘ “Oh, it’s you, Mink! And you have been making a fool of me.’ 122 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ ʷul’əxʷ ubəš əb up’aƛ’aƛ’ usdukʷ u al tudi ƛ’ub=axʷ
əxʷ
well=now
ʷul’=axʷ
2SG.SUB
u=bəš əb
only=now
u=s–dukʷu
u= al
IRR=NP–abnormal
IRR=at
a kʷ
u=p’aƛ’aƛ’
IRR=mink
IRR=worthless
tudi
a kʷ
DIST.DMA
seaward
‘ “You had better be just a mink, a no-account, riff-raff down there by the water.’ 123 qəl’qəladi kʷi adsudᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ adsu ulu adsut’aq’tcut qəl’–qəladi kʷi u=ad=s= u–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu DSTR–uprooted.tree
REM
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–wander
u=ad=s= u– ulu
u=ad=s= u–t’aq’t–cut
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel.by.water
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–inland–REFL
‘ “It will be (among) the driftwood snags that you will wander about, you will travel by water, you will take yourself up from shore.” ’ 124 kʷədatəb ti i bəš əb kʷəda–t–b
ti i
bəš əb
taken–ICS–PASS
DIST
mink
‘Mink is taken.’ 125 gʷəl i ʷitəb dxʷ a kʷ dxʷ al qʷu gʷəl SCONJ
i ʷi–t–b thrown.at–ICS–PASS
dxʷ– a kʷ
dxʷ– al
qʷu
CNTRPT–seaward
CNTRPT–at
water
‘And he is thrown down to the water.’ 126 t’i ib u xʷ ti i bəš əb t’i ib
u xʷ
ti i
bəš əb
swim
PTCL
DIST
mink
‘Mink is still swimming.’ 127 huyil sdukʷ huyu–il
s–dukʷu
made–INCH
NP–abnormal
‘He has become riff-raff.’
216
Changer
128 huyiləxʷ bəš əb huyu–il=axʷ
bəš əb
made–INCH=now
mink
‘He has become a mink.’ 129
ahəxʷ al kʷi qəl’qəladi kʷi adswəl əl i il a=axʷ
al kʷi
be.there=now
at
REM
qəl’–qəladi
kʷi
DSTR–uprooted.tree
REM
u=ad=s=wəl–əli –il IRR=2SG.PO=NM=DIM.EFF–visible–INCH
‘ “There among the snags you will appear once in a while.” ’ 130 hay a ti bəš əb hay
a be.there
SCONJ
ti
bəš əb
SPEC
mink
‘So there Mink is.’ 131 hay gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti i cədi dukʷibə hay
gʷəl
u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
go=now
ti i
cədi
dukʷibə
DIST
s/he
Changer
‘And so Changer goes on.’ 132
iˑ bə əy’dxʷ t s i acəc k’a k’a i CONJ
i ti ə
alšs
bə= əy’–dxʷ
tsi acəc
k’a k’a
ADD=find–DC
UNQ:FEM
crow
i
ti ə
CONJ
PROX
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘Indeed, he finds Crow and her brother.’ 133 gʷəhaw’ə gʷəhaw’ə seemingly
uq’ʷic’il tsi ə cədi k’a k’a u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed
tsi ə
cədi
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
s/he
crow
‘It seems that Crow has been widowed.’ 134
u atəbəd ti ə tus ’istxʷs u– atəbəd PFV–die
ti ə
tu=s ’istxʷ–s
PROX
PAST=husband–3PO
‘Her late husband has died.’
Martha Williams Lamont
217
135 tuq’iyaƛ’əd ti i tus ’istxʷs tu=q’iyaƛ’əd
ti i
tu=s ’istxʷ–s
PAST=slug
DIST
PAST=husband–3PO
‘Her late husband was Slug.’ 136 gʷəl di
u atəbəd u– atəbəd
gʷəl
di
SCONJ
FOC
PFV–die
‘But he has died.’ 137
uq’ʷic’il tsi ə k’a k’a u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
‘Crow has become widowed.’ 138 gʷəl a ti ə qaw’qs sixʷ a kʷ gʷəl SCONJ
a be.there
ti ə
qaw’qs
sixʷ
PROX
raven
PTCL
a kʷ seaward
‘And there is Raven down by the water.’ 139 gʷəl ibəšəxʷ tsi ə cədi s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a gʷəl SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
tsi ə
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
s/he
poor.guy
crow
‘And pitiful Crow is walking.’ 140 lədᶻaqad lə=dᶻaqa–t PROG=mourn–ICS
‘She is mourning.’ 141 yə i huy u atəbəd ti ə s ’istxʷs yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
u– atəbəd PFV–die
‘Because her husband has died.’ 142
uq’ʷic’il u–q’ʷic’il PFV–widowed
‘She has been widowed.’
ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
PROX
husband–3PO
218
Changer
143 huy gʷəl lə aab tsi ə k’a k’a huy
gʷəl
lə= aab
tsi ə
k’a k’a
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=cry
PROX:FEM
crow
‘And Crow goes along crying.’ 144 lə aab lə= aab PROG=cry
‘She goes along crying,’ 145 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab
ti
tu=d–s ’istxʷ
PAST=noble
SPEC
PAST=1SG.PO–husband
‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 146 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab
ti
tu=d–s ’istxʷ
PAST=noble
SPEC
PAST=1SG.PO–husband
‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 147 tusi ab ti tuds ’istxʷ tu=si ab
ti
tu=d–s ’istxʷ
PAST=noble
SPEC
PAST=1SG.PO–husband
‘♪ “My late husband was noble. ♪’ 148 tusi ab tus ista tu=si ab
tu=s= ista
PAST=noble
PAST=NM=be.like
‘♪ “Noble is how he was.” ♪’ 149 huy qʷi adəxʷ sixʷ ti ə cədi qaw’qs huy
qʷi ad=axʷ
sixʷ
ti ə
cədi
qaw’qs
SCONJ
call.out=now
PTCL
PROX
s/he
raven
‘Then Raven calls out,’ 150 tugʷiyat kʷi tads ’istxʷ2 tu=gʷat
kʷi
tu=ad–s ’istxʷ
PAST=who
REM
PAST=2SG.PO–husband
‘ “Who was your husband?’
__________ 2
gʷiyat is Raven’s pronunciation of gʷat.
Martha Williams Lamont
219
151 tugʷiyat k’a k’a tu=gʷat
k’a k’a
PAST=who
crow
‘ “Who was he, Crow?’ 152 gʷəda atəb dᶻə tə xʷi ləha dᶻə gʷə=da a–t–b SBJ=named–ICS–PASS
əstə t abšəd gʷəcədi əs kʷi gʷə s atəbəds
PTCL
as–tə –t ab•šəd STAT–DSTR–chapped•leg
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
gʷə=cədi =as
kʷi
gʷə=s= atəbəd=s
SBJ=s/he=3SBRD
REM
SBJ=NM=die=3PO
‘ “The no-good, chapped-legged so-and-so should be named if he is the one who has died!” ’ 153 bə aab tsi s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a bə= aab
tsi
s ušəbabdxʷ
k’a k’a
ADD=cry
SPEC:FEM
poor.guy
crow
‘Pitiful Crow cries some more.’ 154 bəwiwiliq’ʷid bə=wi–wiliq’ʷi–t ADD=ATTN–ask–ICS
‘(Raven) asks her again,’ 155 tugʷiyat əw’ə kʷi tads ’istxʷ tu=gʷat
əw’ə
kʷi
tu=ad–s ’istxʷ
PAST=who
PTCL
REM
PAST=2SG.PO–husband
‘ “Who was your husband?’ 156 tugʷiyat ənimulic’a tu=gʷat
ənimulic’a
PAST=who
Xenimulitsa
‘ “Who was he, Xenimulitsa?’ 157
uˑ ti ə xʷi ləha ! u INTJ
ti ə
xʷi
lə=ha
PROX
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “Oh, the no-good so-and-so!’
220
Changer
158 gʷuda atəb dᶻə gʷəcədi əs kʷi gʷəu atəbəd gʷə= u–da a–t–b dᶻə gʷə=cədi =as SBJ=PFV–named–ICS–PASS
PTCL
SBJ=s/he=3SBRD
kʷi
gʷə= u– atəbəd=s
REM
SBJ=PFV–die=3PO
‘ “He should be named if he is the one who has died!’ 159 ləl i
u ə ti tuq’iyaƛ’əd
ləli different
u
ə
INT
PR
ti
tu=q’iyaƛ’əd
SPEC
PAST=slug
‘ “Was he other than Slug?’3 160 ləli
u
ləli
u
different
INT
‘ “Is it someone else?” ’ 161 tiləbəxʷ bələq’ ad tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ tiləb=axʷ
bə=lə=q’ a–t
tsi i
s ušəbabdxʷ
immediately=now
ADD=PROG=insult–ICS
DIST:FEM
poor.guy
‘Right away he insults the poor dear again.’ 162 q’iyaƛ’əd ti tads ’istxʷ! q’iyaƛ’əd
ti
tu=ad–s ’istxʷ
slug
SPEC
PAST=2SG.PO–husband
‘ “Slug was your husband!’ 163 tu ʷu ʷ utab tu ʷ–u ʷ INTNS–just
u–taba PFV–do
‘ “It just happened.’ 164 gʷəl yubil4 gʷəl
yubil
SCONJ
dies
‘ “But he died.’
__________ 3
By naming the deceased here, Raven is breaking the taboo against naming high-ranking dead people. This is disrespectful, doubly so because it implies that Slug was not high-ranking enough to merit the taboo. 4 The choice of yubil, a term used for the death of animals, rather than ʔatəbəd, is an added insult to Crow.
Martha Williams Lamont
221
165 xʷu ələ tutab ə kʷi s əbid xʷu ələ
tu=taba
ə
maybe
PAST=do
PR
kʷi
s əbid
REM
Douglas.fir.bark
‘ “It seems that he did it with the fir bark.’ 166 gʷəl up’a ad gʷəl
u–p’a ad
SCONJ
PFV–try
‘ “He tried it.’ 167
udᶻi id ti ə s əbid al ti i luƛ’ qʷ ay u–dᶻi i–t ti ə s əbid PFV–broken–ICS
al
Douglas.fir.bark
PROX
at
ti i
luƛ’
qʷ ay
DIST
old
log
‘ “He broke down the bark of an old fir tree.’ 168 gʷəl (h)uy kʷa abacəxʷ gʷəl
huy
kʷa •abac=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
released•body=now
‘ “And then it comes loose from the trunk.’ 169 huy lə ʷiǰəxʷ ti ə cədi tuq’iyaƛ’əd huy
lə ʷ•iǰ=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
tu=q’iyaƛ’əd
SCONJ
cover•covering=now
PROX
s/he
PAST=slug
‘ “Then it comes down on the late Slug.” ’ 170 tə ti i dəxʷucutcuts tə
ti i
dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s
truly
DIST
ADNM=PFV–DSTR–speak=3PO
‘It was true what (Raven) was saying.’ 171 huy gʷəl atəbəd ti ə s ’istxʷs tuq’iyaƛ’əd huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
atəbəd die
ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
tu=q’iyaƛ’əd
PROX
husband–3PO
PAST=slug
‘And then her husband, the late Slug, died.’ 172
udᶻi i al ti ə tusušə s hud tusuƛ’aƛ’ ups u–dᶻi •i al ti ə tu=s= u–šə =s PFV–broken•covering
at
PROX
PAST=NM=PFV–make=3PO
hud wood
tu=s= u–ƛ’a–ƛ’• up=s PAST=NM=PFV–DSTR–go•fire=3PO
‘It collapsed on top of him when he was gathering wood for firewood.’
222
Changer
173 gʷəl tə biƛ’il ti i tudəxʷu aabsəxʷ tsi i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ gʷəl
tə
biƛ’i–il
ti i
tu=dəxʷ= u– aab=s=axʷ
SCONJ
truly crushed–INCH
DIST
PAST=ADNM=PFV–cry=3PO=now
tsi i
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
DIST:FEM
s/he
poor.guy
‘And truly he got squashed, which is why the poor dear was crying.’ 174 huy q’ atəbəxʷ sixʷ ə ti ə qaw’qs huy
q’ a–t–b=axʷ
sixʷ
ə
SCONJ
insult–ICS–PASS=now
PTCL
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Then she is slandered by Raven.’ 175
u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə
al ti i
u ʷ=axʷ əlgʷə go=now
al at
PL
ti i DIST
‘They go there.’ 176 gʷəl (h)uy bə alqəxʷ gʷəl
huy
bə •alq=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
fall•game=now
‘And then they bring down game.’ 177 šudubəxʷ ə t i ə cədi ti i šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ
ə
see–DC–PASS=now
PR
utab
ti ə
cədi
ti i
PROX
s/he
DIST
‘Changer sees what was done.’ 178
ubə alq ə t s i ə sqigʷac u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game
ə PR
tsi ə
sqigʷac
PROX:FEM
deer
‘They have brought down Deer.’ 179 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
tsi i
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
DIST:FEM
s/he
poor.guy
‘Then that humble one (Raven) goes.’ 180
i u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb i CONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Mink goes, too.’
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb
PROX
s/he
mink
u–taba PFV–do
Martha Williams Lamont
223
181 gʷəl lə il gʷəl
lə= il
SCONJ
PROG=arrive
‘And he is arriving.’ 182 gʷəl stab kʷ(i) adsuhuy gʷəl
stab
kʷi
ad=s= u–huyu
SCONJ
what
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made
‘And, “What are you doing?” ’ 183
əxʷkʷaxʷadəbəxʷ ti ə
uk’ʷi ’ ə ti ə gʷəhaw’ə sqigʷac
as–dxʷ–kʷaxʷa–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–help–ICS–DSD=now
gʷəhaw’ə
sqigʷac
seemingly
deer
ti ə PROX
u–k’ʷi ’ PFV–butchered
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘He wants to help butcher what appears to be a deer.’ 184
əxʷkʷaxʷadəbəxʷ as–dxʷ–kʷaxʷa–t–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–help–ICS–DSD=now
‘He wants to help.’ 185
iˑ gʷəl (h)uy huy u cut i and
gʷəl
huy
huyu–t–sut
SCONJ
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL
‘Yes, and then they get ready.’ 186 huyəxʷ ti ə sk’ʷi ’s huyu=axʷ
ti ə
s=k’ʷi ’=s
made=now
PROX
NM=butchered=3PO
‘They finish butchering it.’ 187 qʷatqʷatatəbəxʷ ti ə bək’ʷ stab biac qʷat–qʷata–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
bək’ʷ
stab
biac
DSTR–laid.out–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
all
what
meat
‘All the meat is laid out.’ 188 day’əxʷ ti i tuq’ədᶻa
ə tsi i sqigʷac i ti stabs tusp’us stabs ti i qəlbid ə ti ə
caadi day’=axʷ
ti i
tu=q’ədᶻa
uniquely=now
DIST
PAST=intestines
ə PR
tsi i
sqigʷac
DIST:FEM
deer
i CONJ
ti SPEC
224
Changer
s=stab–s NM=what=3PO
tu=sp’us–s
s=stab–s
ti i
qəlbid
ə
PAST=kidney–3PO
NM=what=3PO
DIST
waste
PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘It was only Deer’s entrails and what were her kidneys, what was refuse to them.’ 189 huy di əxʷ ucutəbəxʷ huy
di =axʷ
SCONJ
FOC=now
u–cut–t–b=axʷ PFV–say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then he is spoken to,’ 190
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ukʷədad ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS
‘ “You just take it.’ 191
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ukʷədad gət ta a gʷə aƛ’txʷəxʷ kʷi gʷə adst’uk’ʷtxʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS
gət
ta a
guy
DIST:UNQ.DMA
gʷə= aƛ’–txʷ=axʷ
kʷi
gʷə= u=ad=s=t’uk’ʷ–txʷ
SBJ=desired–ECS=now
REM
SBJ=IRR=2SG.PO=NM=go.home–ECS
‘ “You just take it, fellow, if you want it, you should take it home.” ’ 192 ƛ’al’əxʷ bəc’qʷibəxʷ ti ə bəqaw’qs ƛ’al’=axʷ
bə=c’qʷib=axʷ
ti ə
bə=qaw’qs
also=now
ADD=get.share=now
PROX
ADD=raven
‘Raven also gets a share.’ 193 tubə iləxʷ tu=bə= il=axʷ PAST=ADD=arrive=now
‘He arrived too.’ 194 gʷəl bəc’qʷibəxʷ ə ti i bə a gʷəl
bə=c’qʷib=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=get.share=now
ə
ti i
bə= a
PR
DIST
ADD=be.there
‘And he gets another share of what is there.’
Martha Williams Lamont
225
195 huy gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
go–ECS–PASS=now PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘And then it is taken by him.’ 196
il tsi ə cədi bəp’uay’ il arrive
tsi ə
cədi
bə=p’uay’
PROX:FEM
s/he
ADD=flounder
‘Flounder too arrives.’ 197 day’əxʷ tasqʷaqʷtxʷ kʷsi acəc day’=axʷ
tu= as–qʷa–qʷt–txʷ
kʷsi
uniquely=now
PAST=STAT–ATTN–laid.out–ECS
REM:FEM
acəc be.in.place
‘They had laid out on just that spot only what there was (left) of her.’ 198
ʷul’əxʷ q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ə tsi i tusqigʷac ᶻ q’əd a ə tsi i
tu=sqigʷac
intestines
PAST=deer
PR
DIST:FEM
‘They are just the entrails of the late Deer.’ 199 gʷəl di əxʷ u u ʷtub ə ti ə gʷəl
di =axʷ FOC=now
SCONJ
i bəš əb i ti ə qaw’qs ti i sgʷa s əlgʷə
u– u ʷ–txʷ–b
ə
PFV–go–ECS–PASS
PR
qaw’qs ti i
sgʷa –s
əlgʷə
raven
one’s.own–3PO
PL
DIST
ti ə PROX
i CONJ
bəš əb mink
i CONJ
ti ə PROX
‘And what was theirs is taken by both Mink and Raven.’ 200
əsƛ’uƛ’ubil as–ƛ’u–ƛ’ub–il STAT–ATTN–well–INCH
‘It was a little better (than Flounder’s share).’ 201
u ʷəxʷ kʷa ti i
əsbə alq əlgʷə
u ʷ=axʷ kʷa
ti i
go=now
PTCL
DIST
as–bə •alq
əlgʷə
STAT–fall•game
PL
‘They who brought down the game must have gone.’ 202 di ti acəc ƛ’ucutəb stiqtiqayu ti ə
ubə alq
di
ti acəc
ƛ’u=cut–t–b
stiq–tiqayu
ti ə
FOC
UNQ
HAB=say–ICS–PASS
DSTR–wolf
PROX
u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game
‘Those who brought down the game are the ones called wolves.’
226
203
Changer
ubə alq ə tsi ə sqigʷac u–bə •alq
ə
PFV–fall•game
PR
tsi ə
sqigʷac
PROX:FEM
deer
‘They brought down Deer.’ 204
ixʷixʷ ti ə caadi təlixʷ suq’ʷa ixʷixʷ three:HMN
ti ə
caadi
təlixʷ
suq’ʷa
PROX
they
blood.brothers
younger.sibling
‘These full-blood brothers are three.’ 205 suq’ʷsuq’ʷa bitagʷəl ti ə cədi dxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –b–i–t–agʷəl
ti ə
cədi
dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi
DSTR–younger.sibling–MD–SS–ICS–RCP
PROX
s/he
PROC–DSTR–hunt
‘These hunters are brothers to each other.’ 206 stiqayu ti i sda s stiqayu
ti i
s=da a=s
wolf
DIST
NM=named=3PO
‘Their name is Wolf.’ 207
s tiqtiqayu stiq–tiqayu DSTR–wolf
‘They are wolves.’ 208 huy gʷəl c’qʷibəxʷ tsi ə bəp’uay’ huy
gʷəl
c’qʷib=axʷ
tsi ə
bə=p’uay’
SCONJ
SCONJ
get.share=now
PROX:FEM
ADD=flounder
‘And then Flounder too gets a share.’ 209 di əxʷ yuwa
i laq
di =axʷ
yuwa
FOC=now
ultimate
i –laq PRTV–behind
‘She is the very last one.’ 210 huy gʷəl c’qʷibəxʷ tsi i p’uay’ ə ti i tuq’ədᶻa huy SCONJ
gʷəl
c’qʷib=axʷ
tsi i
p’uay’
SCONJ
get.share=now
DIST:FEM
flounder
tu=q’ədᶻa PAST=intestines
‘And then Flounder shares in the former entrails.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
227
211 kʷədatəb ə tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ kʷəda–t–b
ə
taken–ICS–PASS
PR
tsi i
s ušəbabdxʷ
DIST:FEM
poor.guy
‘They are taken by the poor dear.’ 212 cutəb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS ‘She is told,’ 213
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhayayəd ʷul’=axʷ
əxʷ
only=now
u–hay–ay–t
2SG.SUB
PFV–DIM.EFF–known–ICS
‘ “You just figure out how to deal with it.’ 214 dəgʷihəxʷ p’uay’ dəgʷi=axʷ
p’uay’
you=now
flounder
‘ “You, Flounder.’ 215 di əxʷ stab adsc’qib di =axʷ
stab
ad=s=c’qib
FOC=now
what
2SG.PO=NM=get.share
‘ “Anything (left) is your share.” ’ 216 huy kʷədadəxʷ ti ə sq’ədᶻa
ə t s i ə sqigʷac s=q’ədᶻa
huy
kʷəda–t=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
taken–ICS=now
PROX
NM=intestines
‘Then she takes the entrails of Deer.’ 217 qʷibidəxʷ qʷibi–t=axʷ prepared–ICS=now ‘She gets them ready.’ 218 gʷəl (h)uy əba ədəxʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now
‘And then she backpacks them.’
ə PR
tsi ə
sqigʷac
PROX:FEM
deer
228
219
Changer
əba ədəxʷ əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now ‘She backpacks them.’
220 gʷəl xʷəbali bidəxʷ al əbids ə ti al
gʷəl
xʷəb•ali –bi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
thrown•bundle–MAP–ICS=now
at
a–bid–s
ə
be.there–RLNL–3PO
PR
ti SPEC
‘And she tosses the package over her shoulder, having it right here.’ 221 gʷəl a ləs əbad gʷəl
a
ləs– əba –t
be.there
SCONJ
PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS
‘And there she is backpacking it.’ 222
aˑ ləstabəd ti i cədi q’ədᶻa ] a INTJ
ləs–taba–t
ti i
cədi
q’ədᶻa
PROG.STAT–do–ICS
DIST
s/he
intestines
‘There she is keeping those entrails in the same position.’ 223
ibəšəxʷ tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ ibəš=axʷ travel=now
tsi i
s ušəbabdxʷ
DIST:FEM
poor.guy
‘The poor dear sets out.’ 224 huy gʷəl ad kʷi s əy’dubs ə ti ə cədi huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ad where
kʷi
s= əy’–dxʷ–b=s
REM
NM=find–DC–PASS=3PO
‘So then, where are they found by him (Changer)?’ 225
isəb kʷa ti ə caadi il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS
kʷa
ti ə
caadi
PTCL
PROX
they
‘They must have been come upon by Changer.’ 226
u ə i əd ələp haw’ə u– ə i– əd PFV–RDP–what.happen
ələp 2PL.SUB
haw’ə PTCL
‘ “What are you guys doing, anyhow?” ’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
Martha Williams Lamont
227
uˑ tu ʷ si ab ubə alq ə u
tu ʷ
si ab
INTJ
just
noble
229
ə tsi acəc
a uc’ə qiwsəd
u–bə •alq
ə
PFV–fall•game
1PL.SUB
ə
tsi acəc
PR
UNQ:FEM
a 1PL.COORD
u–c’ə qiws–t PFV–cut.up–ICS
‘ “Oh, Sir, we just killed this game right there and we cut it all up.’ 228 yə i huy uyubiləxʷ ə yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
u–yubil=axʷ
ə 1PL.SUB
PFV–starve=now
‘ “Because we were starving.’ 229
utətagʷəxʷəxʷ
ə
u–tə–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ
ə
PFV–PL–hungry=now
1PL.SUB
‘ “We were hungry.” ’ 230
uˑ ʷul’əxʷ ələp ustiqayu u
ʷul’=axʷ
up’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ
ələp
u=stiqayu
only=now 2PL.SUB
INTJ
IRR=wolf
u=p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ IRR=worthless=now
‘ “Oh, you guys will just be wolves, no-accounts.’ 231
udxʷsxʷi xʷi xʷi
ələp ə kʷi sqigʷac ə kʷi stab k’ʷə tit ul’bixʷ
u=dxʷs–xʷi –xʷi xʷi IRR=PROC–DSTR–hunt
ələp 2PL.SUB
ə PR
kʷi
sqigʷac
REM
deer
ə PR
kʷi
stab
REM
what wild
tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “You will be hunters of deer, and things, and smaller wild animals.” ’ 232
i ʷduptəb ti i tubə alq i ʷ•dup–t–b thrown.at•land–ICS–PASS
ti i
tu=bə •alq
DIST
PAST=fall•game
‘The fallen game is scattered.’ 233 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘And he goes.’
k’ʷə
230
Changer
234 gʷəl bələwiwiliq’ʷitəb ti ə bəš əb gʷəl
bə=lə=wi–wiliq’ʷi–t–b
ti ə
bəš əb
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=ATTN–ask–ICS–PASS
PROX
mink
‘And next Mink is asked a few more questions.’ 235
ʷul’əxʷ tubəxʷəbtəb ʷul’=axʷ
tu=bə=xʷəb–t–b
only=now
PAST=ADD=thrown–ICS–PASS
‘He is just thrown down.’ 236
up’aƛ’aƛ’ əxʷ u=p’aƛ’aƛ’
əxʷ
IRR=worthless
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will be of no importance.’ 237
ubəš əb u=bəš əb IRR=mink
‘ “You will be a mink.’ 238
up’aƛ’aƛ’ ə ti usdukʷəxʷ u=p’aƛ’aƛ’
ə ‿ti
IRR=worthless
seemingly
u=s–dukʷu=axʷ IRR=NP–abnormal=now
‘ “You will be a no-account, sort of riff-raff.’ 239 bək’ʷ ad adəxʷutəl’təlawil al ta a qʷu qəl’qəladi bək’ʷ all
ad
u=ad=dəxʷ= u–təl’–təlawil
where
al
IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–run
at
ta a
qʷu
DIST:UNQ.DMA
water
qəl’–qəladi DSTR–uprooted.tree
‘ “You will be running everywhere by the water, the driftwood snags.’ 240
əbil’ əxʷ bət’aq’t al ti swatixʷtəd kʷi adsudᶻək’ʷ əbil’
əxʷ
perhaps
2SG.SUB
bə=t’aq’t ADD=inland
al at
ti
swatixʷtəd
kʷi
SPEC
land
REM
u=ad=s= u–dᶻək’ʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–wander
‘ “Perhaps you’ll go into the high country too, where you will wander around.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
231
241 ƛ’al’əxʷ bə əy’dubəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’al’=axʷ
bə= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ
tsi ə
also=now
ADD=find–DC–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
‘She (Flounder) was found as well.’ 242 bələs əba əxʷ tsi ə p’uay’ bə=ləs– əba =axʷ
tsi ə
p’uay’
ADD=PROG.STAT–backpack=now
PROX:FEM
flounder
‘Flounder is backpacking again.’ 243 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go
‘She is going.’ 244 lək’ʷit’əxʷ lə=k’ʷit’=axʷ PROG=shoreward=now
‘She is going down to the shore.’ 245 gʷəl təqdubəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə gʷəl
tq–dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
close–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
dukʷibə
PROX
s/he
Changer
‘And her path is blocked by Changer.’ 246 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘And she is spoken to,’ 247 stab ti i adsəs əba stab
ti i
ad=s= as– əba
what
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack
‘ “What are you carrying on your back?” ’ 248
uˑ c’qʷib əd si ab ə ti i q’ədᶻa
ə tsi i sqigʷac s bə alq ə ta a si i ab i
stiqayu u INTJ
c’qʷib get.share
əd 1SG.SUB
si ab
ə
ti i
q’ədᶻa
noble
PR
DIST
intestines
ə PR
tsi i DIST:FEM
232
Changer
sqigʷac
s=bə •alq
ə
deer
NM=fall•game
PR
ta a
si –i ab
DIST:UNQ.DMA
PL–noble
i CONJ
stiqayu wolf
‘ “Oh Sir, I got a share of the entrails of the deer killed by the noble Wolves.’ 249 di cəxʷəs əba
ti ə
dsəsc’qʷib tsi ə
u u
di
d=dəxʷ= as– əba
ti ə
d=s= as–c’qʷib
FOC
1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–backpack
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–get.share
tsi ə
u u
PROX:FEM
little.bit
‘ “My little share of it is what I am backpacking.” ’ 250 ƛ’ub ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa p’uay’ kʷi adsəshuy ƛ’ub ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa well
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
only=now
p’uay’
kʷi
flounder
REM
u=ad=s= as–huyu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made
‘ “It is better, Flounder, that what you are doing (i.e., carrying) will be your entrails.’ 251
usu ə əd əxʷ ə kʷi i laq aci talbixʷ u=s= u– ə əd
əxʷ
IRR=NM=PFV–feed.on
ə
2SG.SUB
kʷi
PR
REM
i –laq PRTV–behind
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “You are what later people will eat.” ’ 252 xʷəbtəb dxʷ al ti
ʷəl
xʷəb–t–b
dxʷ– al
ti
thrown–ICS–PASS
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
ʷəl sea
‘She is thrown into the sea.’ 253 gʷəl u ʷ tsi p’uay’ gʷəl
u ʷ
SCONJ
go
tsi
p’uay’
SPEC:FEM
flounder
‘And Flounder goes.’ 254 di i əxʷ ti i q’ədᶻa di –i =axʷ INTNS–FOC=now
uq’ədᶻa səxʷ tsi i gʷə sqigʷac q’ədᶻa ti i q’ədᶻa u=q’ədᶻa –s=axʷ
gʷə
intestines ᶻ sqigʷac q’əd a
ASSC
deer
DIST
IRR=intestines–3PO=now
intestines
‘Those very entrails belonging to Deer will be her entrails.’
tsi i DIST:FEM
Martha Williams Lamont
255 ti i dəxʷəs ista
233
ə ti i q’ədᶻa
ti i
dəxʷ= as– ista
DIST
ADNM=STAT–be.like
ə
ə tsi i p’uay’ ti i q’ədᶻa
PR
DIST
ə
intestines
PR
tsi i
p’uay’
DIST:FEM
flounder
‘That is why the entrails of Flounder are like that.’ 256 di tushuyutəbsəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə di
tu=s=huyu–t–b=s=axʷ
FOC
PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
ə PR
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
‘That is what was done to her by Changer.’ 257 tub ə əy’dubəxʷ ti ə cədi
i kʷəlq
tu=bə= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
PAST=ADD=find–DC–PASS=now
PROX
s/he
i –kʷəlq PRTV–others
‘The others were found by him.’ 258 gʷəl (h)uy cutəb gʷəl
huy
cut–t–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘And then they are spoken to,’ 259 stab kʷi gʷəsgʷa s əlgʷə
i k’a k’a
i qaw’qs
stab
kʷi
gʷə=sgʷa –s
əlgʷə
what
REM
SBJ=ones.own–3PO
PL
i
k’a k’a
CONJ
crow
i CONJ
‘ “What belongs to Crow and Raven?” ’ 260 di bəsuc’qʷib ə tu ʷ cədi di
bə=s= u–c’qʷib
FOC
ADD=NM=PFV–get.share
ə 1PL.PO
tu ʷ
cədi
just
s/he
‘ “That is what we got in on – just that.’ 261 tu ʷ ə p’aƛ’aƛ’ tukʷədalikʷ tul’ a tu ʷ
ə
just
1PL.SUB
p’aƛ’aƛ’
tu=kʷəda–alikʷ
tul’– a
worthless
PAST=taken–ACT
CNTRFG–be.there
‘ “We just took worthless (bits) from there.” ’ 262 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ələp p’aƛ’aƛ’ udxʷbə ʷiqad li ilgʷi gʷəl
ʷul’=axʷ
SCONJ
only=now
ələp 2PL.SUB
p’aƛ’aƛ’ worthless
u=dxʷbə ʷiqad IRR=scavenge
li – il•gʷi PRLV–side•waterway
‘ “And you guys will just scavenge along the shore.’
qaw’qs raven
234
Changer
263 dəgʷi k’a k’a dəgʷi
k’a k’a
you
crow
‘ “You, Crow.’ 264 ƛ’al’ bas ista ti i qaw’qs ƛ’al’
bə= as– ista
ti i
qaw’qs
also
ADD=STAT–be.like
DIST
raven
‘ “Raven will be like that, too.’ 265 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷatəxʷ stabəxʷ usəshuyləp xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
gʷat=axʷ
stab=axʷ
NEG=now
REM
who=now
what=now
‘ “Nobodies is what you will be made into.” ’ 266 huy k’a cut tsi i k’a k’a huy
k’a
cut
tsi i
k’a k’a
SCONJ
caw
say
DIST:FEM
crow
‘Then Crow says, “Caw.” ’ 267
u ʷ ti i qaw’qs u ʷ go
ti i
qaw’qs
DIST
raven
‘Raven goes.’ 268 cutcut cut–cut DSTR–say
‘He says,’ 269 qʷaq qʷaq qʷaq qʷaq
qʷaq
qʷaq
croak
croak
croak
‘ “Crruck, crruck, crruckk.” ’ 270 dəxʷə xʷ cutucid ə ti i cədi dəxʷəxʷcutucid language
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
‘That is that one’s language.’
u=s= as–huyu=lap IRR=NM=STAT–made=2PL.PO
Martha Williams Lamont
235
271 ƛ’al’ bas ista tsi ə k’a k’a ƛ’al’
bə= as– ista
tsi ə
k’a k’a
also
ADD=STAT–be.like
PROX:FEM
crow
‘The same with Crow.’ 272 k’aˑ k’aˑ k’aˑ k’a
k’a
k’a
caw
caw
caw
‘ “Caw, caw, caw.” ’ 273
ʷul’əxʷ tucuuc ʷul’=axʷ
tu=cut–c
only=now
PAST=say–ALTV
‘He just tells them,’ 274
əs ista əxʷ kʷi səhuyləp li ilgʷi as– ista =axʷ STAT–be.like=now
kʷi
s= as–huyu=lap
li – il•gʷi
REM
NM=STAT–made=2PL.PO
PRLV–side•waterway
‘ “You guys will act like this along the shore.’ 275
ubək’ʷucid ələp ə kʷi stab us ə ədləp u= u–bək’ʷ•ucid
ələp
IRR=PFV–scavenge•mouth
2PL.SUB
ə PR
kʷi
stab
u=s– ə əd–ləp
REM
what
IRR=food–2PL.PO
‘ “You guys will pick up in your mouths things that will be your food.” ’ 276 di tushuy ə ti i dukʷibə di
tu=s=huyu
FOC
PAST=NM=made
ə
ti i
dukʷibə
PR
DIST
Changer
‘That is what Changer did.’ 277 lədukʷudəxʷ ti ə tushuy ə ti ə sqigʷac lə=dukʷu–t=axʷ
ti ə
tu=s=huyu
PROG=abnormal–ICS=now
PROX
PAST=NM=made
ə PR
ti ə
sqigʷac
PROX
deer
‘He goes along magically changing how Deer was.’ 278 gʷəl aləxʷ xʷu ələ kʷi tudxʷlaqəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
al=axʷ
xʷu ələ
kʷi
tu= dxʷ– laq=axʷ
at=now
maybe
REM
PAST=CNTRPT–behind=now
‘But that I guess is later on.’
236
Changer
279 gʷəl di xʷu ələ tušac’s ti i də ’u syəyəhub gʷəl
di
xʷu ələ
tu=s=šac’=s
ti i
də ’u
syəyəhub
SCONJ
FOC
maybe
PAST=NM=finished=3PO
DIST
one
legend
‘And that I guess is the end of that one traditional story.’
Martha Williams Lamont
237
Owl Lives There as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs a lil ti i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus as– a lil
ti i
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
STAT–live
DIST
DIST
owl
‘Owl lives there.’ 2
gʷəl əbs əgʷas ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus ə tsi i waq’waq’ gʷəl SCONJ
as–bəs– əgʷas
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
STAT–PROP–wife
DIST
owl
ə PR
tsi i
waq’waq’
DIST:FEM
frog
‘And Owl has Frog as a wife.’ 3
tsi ə waq’waq’ ƛ’u al tə sc’p’ali tsi ə
waq’waq’ ƛ’u= al
tə
sc’p’ali
PROX:FEM
frog
NSPEC
swamp
HAB=at
‘Frog who is always in the swamp.’ 4
ƛ’uƛ’əladi ƛ’u=ƛ’əladi HAB=make.noise
‘She always makes noise.’ 5
ƛ’ucut ƛ’u=cut HAB=say
‘She always talks.’ 6
xʷi ləha kʷ ti ə səs a lils xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
ti ə
s= as– a lil=s
NEG
NEGP=long.time
PROX
NM=STAT–live=3PO
‘Not for long have they been living there.’ 7
əshuygʷəs ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus i waq’waq’ as–huyu•gʷəs
ə
STAT–made•pair
PR
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PROX
owl
i CONJ
waq’waq’ frog
‘Owl and Frog are married.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 7 October 1964, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006).
238
8
Owl Lives There
huy dᶻidᶻihi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy dᶻidᶻihi =axʷ tsi ə pregnant=now
SCONJ
waq’waq’
PROX:FEM
frog
‘Then Frog is pregnant.’ 9
huy gʷəl tubəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
i ti ə
acəc təkʷtəkʷəlus
gʷəl
tu=bəda –b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=offspring–MD=now
PL
i
ti ə
CONJ
acəc
PROX
be.in.place
təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘And then she and Owl had a baby.’ 10 bəda əbəxʷ əlgʷə
i ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus ə ti ə baby mi man’ ’a ’as
bəda –b=axʷ
əlgʷə
offspring–MD=now
PL
mi –man’
i CONJ
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PROX
owl
ə PR
ti ə
baby
PROX
baby
’a ’as child
ATTN–small
‘She and Owl have a little baby boy.’ 11 bəda əbəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ bəda –b=axʷ
tsi ə
waq’waq’
offspring–MD=now
PROX:FEM
frog
‘Frog has a baby.’ 12 huy gʷəl ƛ’u aabi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy
gʷəl
ƛ’u= aab•i =axʷ
tsi ə
waq’waq’
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=cry•child=now
PROX:FEM
frog
‘And then Frog’s baby always cries.’ 13 ƛ’u aabi əxʷ ƛ’u= aab•i =axʷ HAB=cry•child=now
‘Her baby always cries.’ 14 huy gʷəl xʷi əxʷ gʷəsu itut ə ti ə bək’ʷ gʷat al ti s əs a lil s huy
gʷəl
xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= u– itut
SCONJ
SCONJ
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=PFV–sleep
al at
ti
s= as– a lil=s
SPEC
NM=STAT–live=3PO
‘And then no one can sleep while they live there.’
ə PR
ti ə
bək’ʷ gʷat
PROX
all
who
Martha Williams Lamont
239
15 huy ƛ’u aa aabi əxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy
ƛ’u= aa– aab•i =axʷ
tsi ə
waq’waq’
SCONJ
HAB=DSTR–cry•child=now
PROX:FEM
frog
‘Frog’s baby always cries and cries.’ 16 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə ti acəc bi bəda s xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil
ə
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet
PR
ti acəc
bi –bəda –s
UNQ
ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘Her little baby is never quiet.’ 17 xʷi gʷəƛ’usu idigʷat ə tsi ə waq’waq’ xʷi
gʷə=ƛ’u=s= u– idigʷat
NEG
SBJ=HAB=NM=PFV–say.what
ə PR
tsi ə
waq’waq’
PROX:FEM
frog
‘Frog never says anything.’ 18
ʷul’ əsgʷədil ʷul’ only
as–gʷəd–il STAT–down–INCH
‘She just sits there.’ 19
ʷul’ ubədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ u–bədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷ–s only
PFV–flutter
PROX
mouth–3PO
‘Her mouth just flaps.’ 20
ʷul’ ubədᶻqəb ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ u–bədᶻqəb ti ə only
PFV–flutter
PROX
qədxʷ–s mouth–3PO
‘Her mouth just flaps.’ 21
ʷul’ ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs ʷul’ only
u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL
‘Her mouth is just moving fast.’ 22 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then it is spoken,’
ti ə
qədxʷ–s
PROX
mouth–3PO
240
23
Owl Lives There
əs ə id əw’ə tsi ə ad əgʷas də ʷul’s ubak’ʷacut ti ə qədxʷs as– ə id STAT–what.happen
əw’ə
tsi ə
ad– əgʷas
dəxʷ= ʷul’=s
PTCL
PROX:FEM
2SG.PO–wife
ADNM=only=3PO
u–bak’ʷa–t–sut PFV–move.quickly–ICS–REFL
ti ə
qədxʷ–s
PROX
mouth–3PO
‘ “What is the matter with your wife that her mouth is just moving?’ 24
əs ə id as– ə id STAT–what.happen
‘ “What is the matter?” ’ 25 huy xʷu ələ cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus tsi ə ə
huy
xʷu ələ
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
maybe
say–ICS–PASS=now
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
PR
əgʷas gʷəƛ’uha li əxʷəs
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
tsi ə
PROX
owl
PROX:FEM
gʷə=ƛ’u=ha l•i =axʷ=as SBJ=HAB=stop.crying•child=now=3SBRD
‘Then I guess Frog is told by Owl that she should soothe the baby.’ 26 huy kʷədatəbəxʷ ə tsi ə waq’waq’ ti acəc bi bəda s səs qi s huy
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
ə
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PR
tsi ə
waq’waq’ ti acəc
PROX:FEM
frog
bi –bəda –s
s= as– q•i =s
ATTN–offspring–3PO
NM=STAT–wrapped•child=3PO
‘Then Frog takes her little swaddled baby.’ 27
əskəki txʷ as–kəki –txʷ STAT–cradleboard–ECS
‘She has put him in a cradle board.’ 28 huy gʷəl dᶻakʷadəxʷ huy gʷəl dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ SCONJ
SCONJ
rock–ICS=now
‘And then she rocks him.’ 29 cutcuucəxʷ cut–cut–c=axʷ DSTR–say–ALTV=now
‘She says to him over and over,’
UNQ
Martha Williams Lamont
241
30 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 31 And she was just saying that 32
ucucutəxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now
i stab waq’waq’
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
i
stab
waq’waq’
INTJ
what
frog
‘Crow ..., or what ..., Frog says over and over,’ 33
ucucutəxʷ u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now
‘She says over and over,’ 34 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 35 she was … udᶻakʷadəxʷ ti i bi bəda s udᶻakʷadəxʷ she was u–dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ ti i bi –bəda –s she was
PFV–rock–ICS=now
DIST
u–dᶻakʷa–t=axʷ
ATTN–offspring–3PO
PFV–rock–ICS=now
‘She rocks her little baby, she rocks him.’ 36 gʷəl ucucutəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now
‘And she says over and over.’ 37 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 38
up’a cutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsgʷəƛ’əbək’ʷtxʷs ti ə cədi u–p’a cut=axʷ PFV–try=now
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s=gʷəƛ’əbək’ʷ–txʷ=s
ti ə
cədi
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=NM=quiet–ECS=3PO
PROX
s/he
‘She tries to quiet him.’ 39 gʷəl ƛ’al’əxʷ bəcucutəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ gʷəl
ƛ’al’=axʷ
bə=cut–cut=axʷ
tsi ə
waq’waq’
SCONJ
also=now
ADD=DSTR–say=now
PROX:FEM
frog
‘And Frog talks on and on too.’
242
Owl Lives There
40 təbəwihəxʷ sgʷəgʷadads dxʷ al ti ə bi bəda s təbəwih=axʷ
s=gʷəgʷadad=s
dxʷ– al
ti ə
energetically=now
NM=converse=3PO
CNTRPT–at
PROX
bi –bəda –s ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘She speaks energetically to her little baby.’ 41 huy gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ tsi ə waq’waq’ huy
gʷəl
bə=cut–cut=axʷ
tsi ə
waq’waq’
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=DSTR–say=now
PROX:FEM
frog
‘And then Frog always says over and over,’ 42 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 43 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə tsi acəc waq’waq’ xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil
ə
tsi acəc
waq’waq’
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet
PR
UNQ:FEM
frog
‘Frog never keeps quiet.’ 44
ucucut u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘She talks on and on.’ 45
u aa aabi u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child
‘Her baby cries and cries.’ 46 huy gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ huy
gʷəl
bə=cut–cut=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=DSTR–say=now
‘And then she talks some more.’ 47 xʷi əxʷ gʷəbəs ʷubils dxʷ aləxʷ sbi a iləxʷ ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=bə=s= ʷubil=s
dxʷ– al=axʷ
NEG=now
SBJ=ADD=NM=quiet=3PO
CNTRPT–at=now
Martha Williams Lamont
243
s=bi a –il=axʷ
ə
NM=have.too.much–INCH=now
PR
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PROX
owl
‘She will not keep quiet until Owl gets fed up.’ 48 huy šuucəxʷ tsi ə cədi tu əgʷas huy
šu –c=axʷ
tsi ə
cədi
tu= əgʷas–s
SCONJ
see–ALTV=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
PAST=wife–3PO
‘He looks at his wife.’ 49
ʷul’əxʷ ucucut ʷul’=axʷ
u–cut–cut
only=now
PFV–DSTR–say
‘She just talks on and on,’ 50 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 51
u uli əxʷ u– ul•i =axʷ PFV–sing•child=now
‘She sings a lullaby to the baby.’ 52
u ə id u– ə id PFV–what
happened
‘What happened?’ 53
u ulud ti ə bəda s baby bi bəda s baby u– ulu–t PFV–sing–ICS
ti ə
bəda –s
baby
bi –bəda –s
baby
PROX
offspring–3PO
baby
ATTN–offspring–3PO
baby
‘She sings to her baby, her little baby.’ 54 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc qaw’qs huyəxʷ … qaw’qs … huy
šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
see–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
qaw'qs huy=axʷ
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
raven
‘Then Raven, well now, she is seen by Raven ...’ 55 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə ... šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti ə
see–DC=now
PROX
‘He sees her.’
SCONJ=now
244
Owl Lives There
56 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə
əgʷas
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti ə
see–DC=now
PROX
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He sees his wife.’ 57 təkʷtəkʷəlus təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘Owl.’ 58 šudxʷəxʷ ti ə
əgʷas
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti ə
see–DC=now
PROX
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He sees his wife.’ 59 huy dᶻalqʷusəxʷ huy dᶻalq•us=axʷ SCONJ
turn•face=now
‘Then he turns his face away.’ 60 huy gʷəl kiisəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷup’a cuts dəxʷuha lids ti ə tusbəda əbs əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
kiis=axʷ
dxʷ– al
ti ə
dəxʷ= u–p’a cut=s
SCONJ
SCONJ
stand=now
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ADNM=PFV–try=3PO
dəxʷ= u–ha –i–t=s
ti ə
tu=s=bəda –b=s
ADNM=PFV–good–SS–ICS=3PO
PROX
PAST=NM=offspring–MD=3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘And then she stands up in order to try to tend to the baby they had,’ 61 bi bəda s əlgʷə tusbəda əbs bi –bəda –s
əlgʷə
tu=s=bəda –b=s
ATTN–offspring–3PO
PL
PAST=NM=offspring–MD=3PO
‘Their little baby whom she had borne.’ 62 waw’q’waq’ ti ə bi bəda s wa–w’q’waq’
ti ə
bi –bəda –s
ATTN–frog
PROX
ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘The little baby is a little frog.’
Martha Williams Lamont
245
63 waw’q’waq’ wa–w’q’waq’ ATTN–frog
‘It is a little frog.’ 64 hay u ʷəxʷ təkʷtəkʷəlus hay SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ
təkʷtəkʷəlus
go=now
owl
‘So, Owl goes.’ 65
ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’
66
ubi a iləxʷ u–bi a –il=axʷ PFV–have.too.much–INCH=now
‘He is fed up.’ 67
u ədᶻaxʷ ə ti i u– ədᶻ=axʷ
ə
ti i
PFV–scared=now
PR
DIST
‘He gets scared of him (Little Frog).’ 68 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubil ə tsi ə
əgʷas
xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil
ə
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet
PR
tsi ə
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘His wife does not keep quiet.’ 69 qəliˑltxʷəxʷ əxʷ ts(i) ad əgʷas qəl–il–txʷ=axʷ
əxʷ
bad–INCH–ECS=now
2SG.SUB
tsi
ad– əgʷas
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–wife
‘ “Make your wife stop!’ 70
u ə id əw’ə
ə ti ə dəxʷcucuts
u– ə id PFV–what.happen
əw’ə
ə
PTCL
PR
‘ “Why is she talking like that?” ’
ti ə
dəx’=cut–cut=s
PROX
ADNM=DSTR–say=3PO
246
Owl Lives There
71 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 72 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswə əq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 73
udᶻakʷi tsi i waq’waq’ u–dᶻakʷ•i tsi i PFV–rock•child
DIST:FEM
waq’waq’ frog
‘Frog rocks the baby.’ 74 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO
‘She does not keep quiet.’ 75 bəcucutəxʷ bə=cut–cut=axʷ ADD=DSTR–say=now
‘She always talks on and on.’ 76 gʷəl bəcucutəxʷ gʷəl
bə=cut–cut=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=DSTR–say=now
‘And again she talks on and on.’ 77
uha li u–ha l•i PFV–stop.crying•child
‘ “Tend to the baby!” ’ 78 saq’ʷəxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus saq’ʷ=axʷ
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
fly=now
DIST
owl
‘Owl flies off.’ 79
ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’
Martha Williams Lamont
247
80 gʷəl (h)uy saq’ʷəxʷ gʷəl
huy
saq’ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
fly=now
‘And then he flies off.’ 81 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’ubədᶻalqʷus lil al kʷədi dəxʷəsqəp’s gʷəl ʷul’=axʷ ƛ’u=bə=dᶻalqʷ•us lil al kʷədi SCONJ
only=now
HAB=ADD=turn•face
far at
REM.DMA
dəxʷ= as–qəp’=s ADNM=STAT–alight=3PO
‘And he would just turn his face away over there where he alights.’ 82 gʷəl bəhuy gʷəl bə u ʷəxʷ gʷəl
bə=huyu
gʷəl
bə= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=made
SCONJ
ADD=go=now
‘And he does it again and he goes on.’ 83 bəlilalqəbəxʷ bə=lilalqəb=axʷ ADD=distance.self=now
‘He goes even farther away.’ 84
əcbidəxʷ tsi ə
əgʷas tsi ə
əc–bi–t=axʷ mind–MAP–ICS=now
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘He is afraid of his wife.’ 85 gʷəl əcbidəxʷ ti ə bi bəda s əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ
əc–bi–t=axʷ mind–MAP–ICS=now
ti ə
bi –bəda –s
əlgʷə
PROX
ATTN–offspring–3PO
PL
‘And he is afraid of their little baby.’ 86 huy gʷəl lilcutəxʷ ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus huy
gʷəl
lil–t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
SCONJ
SCONJ
far–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
owl
‘And then Owl goes far off.’ 87
ədᶻaxʷ ədᶻ=axʷ afraid=now ‘He is afraid.’
248
Owl Lives There
88 hay gʷəl ahəxʷ tsi ə hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əgʷas
a=axʷ
tsi ə
be.there=now
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘And so there is his wife.’ 89 gʷəl cucutəbəxʷ gʷəl
cut–cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And she talks on and on.’ 90 haˑy gʷəl di əxʷ kʷi sə ibəš ə ti ə dukʷibə hay SCONJ
gʷəl
di =axʷ
kʷi
s=lə= ibəš
SCONJ
suddenly=now
REM
NM=PROG=travel
ə PR
dukʷibə Changer ‘And so suddenly Changer is travelling.’ 91
iləxʷ dukʷibə il=axʷ
dukʷibə
arrive=now
Changer
‘Changer arrives.’ 92 gʷəl lək’ʷilitəb əlgʷə
al gʷəluutəb
gʷəl
lə=k’ʷili–t–b
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=peer–ICS–PASS
PL
al at
gʷə=lu–t–b SBJ=heard–ICS–PASS
‘And he peeks at them as he listens to them.’ 93 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it is said,’ 94
u ə id əw’ə tsi ə waq’waq’ u– ə id PFV–what.happen
əw’ə
tsi ə
waq’waq’
PTCL
PROX:FEM
frog
‘ “What’s the matter with Frog?’ 95
u ə id u– ə id PFV–what.happen
‘ “What’s the matter?’
ti ə PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
96
249
uha li u–ha l•i PFV–stop.crying•child
‘ “She tends to the baby.’ 97 gʷəl tu ʷ xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils gʷəl
tu ʷ
xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil=s
SCONJ
just
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO
‘ “And (the baby) just doesn’t quiet down.” ’ 98 di əxʷ s cutəbs uha li əxʷəs i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus s ’istxʷs di =axʷ
s=cut–t–b=s
u=ha l•i =axʷ=as
FOC=now
NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO
IRR=stop.crying•child=now=3SBRD
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
s ’istxʷ–s
DIST
owl
husband–3PO
i CONJ
‘What they have told her is that she and her husband Owl should quiet the baby.’ 99
u ədᶻaxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus u– ədᶻ=axʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus PFV–scared=now
DIST
owl
‘Owl gets scared.’ 100 gʷəl tu u əxʷ tupa əxʷ gʷəl
tu= u =axʷ
tu=pa =axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
PAST=flee=now
‘He went and he fled.’ 101 tusaq’ʷəxʷ tu=saq’ʷ=axʷ PAST=fly=now
‘He flew off.’ 102 gʷəl di bəda s əlgʷə ti i
u aa aabi
gʷəl
di
bəda –s
əlgʷə
ti i
SCONJ
FOC
offspring–3PO
PL
DIST
‘And the one who cries on and on is their baby.’ 103
u aa aabi u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child
‘He cries on and on.’
u– aa– aab•i PFV–DSTR–cry•child
250
Owl Lives There
104 gʷəl u uludəxʷ ti ə scucuts gʷəl
u– ulu–t=axʷ PFV–sing–ICS=now
SCONJ
ti ə
s=cut–cut=s
PROX
NM=DSTR–say=3PO
‘And she sings what she is saying.’ 105 xʷiˑ əxʷ gʷəbəs ʷubil ə tsi ə cədi waq’waq’ xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=bə=s= ʷubil
NEG=now
SBJ=ADD=NM=quiet
ə PR
tsi ə
cədi
waq’waq’
PROX:FEM
s/he
frog
‘Frog could not be quiet either.’ 106 təbəwihəxʷ scucuts təbəwih=axʷ
s=cut–cut=s
energetically=now
NM=DSTR–say=3PO
‘She speaks energetically.’ 107 ck’ʷaqidəxʷ ucutcut ck’ʷaqid=axʷ
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
always=now
‘She is always talking.’ 108 xʷi əxʷ gʷəs ʷubils dxʷ al tu s cutəbsəxʷ ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= ʷubil=s
dxʷ– al
tu=s=cut–t–b=s=axʷ
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=quiet=3PO
CNTRPT–at
PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
dukʷibə
PROX
s/he
Changer
‘She did not shut up until Changer spoke,’ 109 ƛ’ubəxʷ əd ʷul’əxʷ u i ʷid tsi acəc waq’waq’ dxʷ al t(i )asc’p’ali ƛ’ub=axʷ
əd
well=now
ʷul’=axʷ
1SG.SUB
dxʷ– al
ti
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
only=now
u= i ʷi–t IRR=thrown.at–ICS
tsi acəc
waq’waq’
UNQ:FEM
frog
as–c’p’•ali STAT–stagnant•bundle
‘ “I ought to just toss this Frog into where the water is stagnant.” ’ 110 huy kʷədatəbəxʷ ə ti ə dukʷibə tsi ə huy
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now ə
PR
ti ə
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PROX
owl
ə PR
‘Then Changer grabs Owl’s wife,’
əgʷas ə ti ə təkʷtəkʷəlus
ti ə
dukʷibə
tsi ə
PROX
Changer
PROX:FEM
əgʷas wife
Martha Williams Lamont
111
251
əsbəda əb as–bəda –b STAT–offspring–MD
‘She has a baby,’ 112
əbsbi bəda as–bəs–bi –bəda STAT–PROP–ATTN–offspring
‘She has a little baby.’ 113 gʷəl (h)uy i ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ al tə a əsc’p’ali gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
i ʷi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now
dxʷ– al
tə
CNTRPT–at
NSPEC
as–c’p’•ali STAT–stagnant•bundle
‘And then he throws her there where the water is stagnant.’ 114
ə ti ul ulal ə ‿ti
ul– ulal
seemingly
DSTR–bulrush
‘It seems there are bulrushes.’ 115 qa əs əqʷ qa many
as– əqʷ STAT–wet
‘It is very wet.’ 116 qʷu ƛ’asc’əp’ ə ti swaq’as qʷu
ƛ’u= as–c’əp’
water
HAB=STAT–stagnant
ə ‿ti seemingly
s=waq’=as NM=frog=3SBRD
‘There is stagnant water, and it seems that there are frogs.’ 117 ti i ti i DIST
əsgʷaldup as–gʷal•dup STAT–capsize•land
‘That overturned place.’ 118
əs ə id gʷəscutəbs as– ə id STAT–what.happen
gʷə=s=cut–t–b=s SBJ=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘What would it be called?’
a be.there
252
119
Owl Lives There
əsc’əp’dup as–c’əp’•dup STAT–stagnant•land
‘It is a swampy place.’ 120
i ʷitəbəxʷ tsi i waq’waq’ dxʷ a i ʷi–t–b=axʷ thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now
tsi i
waq’waq’
dxʷ– a
DIST:FEM
frog
CNTRPT–be.there
‘Frog is thrown there.’ 121
aˑhəxʷ ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ ʷul’=axʷ
a=axʷ
only=now
əxʷ
be.there=now
2SG.SUB
‘ “You are just there now.’ 122
u a kʷi adsucucut al kʷi u ’itəxʷ u aci talbixʷ u= a
kʷi
IRR=be.there
u=ad=s= u–cut–cut
al
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say
REM
u= ’it=axʷ
at
kʷi REM
u= aci talbixʷ
IRR=near=now
IRR=people
‘ “What you are saying over and over will be there when the future people arrive.’ 123
ucucut əxʷ ə ti i u=cut–cut
əxʷ
IRR=DSTR–say
2SG.SUB
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘ “You will be saying that.’ 124 xʷi əxʷ kʷi adsu ʷubil xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
NEG=now
REM
u=ad=s= u– ʷubil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–be.quiet
‘ “You will not be quiet.’ 125
ucucut əxʷ uƛ’əladi əxʷ ugʷaadgʷadəxʷ u=cut–cut
əxʷ
IRR=DSTR–say
u=ƛ’əladi =axʷ
2SG.SUB
IRR=make.noise=now
u=gʷaadgʷad=axʷ IRR=converse=now
‘ “You will talk on and on making noise when you converse.’ 126 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ kʷi adsucucutəxʷ aci talbixʷ sswələq’
sswələq’ sswələq’
sswələq’ sswələq’
kʷi
croak
croak
croak
REM
croak
croak
’itəxʷ kʷi
Martha Williams Lamont
253
u=ad=s= u–cut–cut=axʷ
’it=axʷ
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=now
near=now
kʷi REM
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “ ‘Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk,’ you will be saying when the people are near.’ 127 gʷəl di adəxʷəsluutəb gʷəl
di
u=ad=dəxʷ= as–lu–t–b
SCONJ
FOC
IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS
‘ “This is how you will be heard.’ 128
u al əxʷ c’áli kʷi adəxʷ a u= al IRR=at
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
c’áli
kʷi
swamp
REM
u=ad=dəxʷ= a IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=be.there
‘ “You will be in the swamp, which is where you will be.” ’ 129 xʷəbtəbaxʷ
əsq’ʷu
ə ti acəc bibəda s mi man’ səsbəda əbs tsi i
cədi
waq’waq’ as–q’ʷu
xʷəb–t–b=axʷ thrown–ICS–PASS=now
ə
STAT–gathered
PR
ti acəc
bi–bəda –s
UNQ
ATTN–offspring–3PO
mi –man’
s= as–bəda –b=s
tsi i
cədi
waq’waq’
ATTN–small
NM=STAT–offspring–MD=3PO
DIST:FEM
s/he
frog
‘Frog along with her little baby, the little one she had borne, is thrown away.’ 130 huy i ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ a huy SCONJ
i ʷi–t–b=axʷ
dxʷ– a
thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now
CNTRPT–be.there
‘Then they are tossed there.’ 131 huˑy kʷa
ahəxʷ
huy
kʷa
SCONJ
PTCL
a=axʷ be.there=now
‘Then there they are.’ 132 gʷəl tucucutəxʷ tsi i waq’waq’ gʷəl
tu=cut–cut=axʷ
tsi i
waq’waq’
SCONJ
PAST=DSTR–say=now
DIST:FEM
frog
‘And Frog talked and talked.’
254
Owl Lives There
133 cucutəxʷ gʷəl cucutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ
gʷəl
cut–cut=axʷ
DSTR–say=now
SCONJ
DSTR–say=now
‘She talks on and on, on and on.’ 134 gʷəl ƛ’əladi əxʷ al ti sc’p’ali sa qʷu gʷəl
ƛ’əladi =axʷ
SCONJ
make.noise=now
al ti at
SPEC
sc’p’ali
sa
qʷu
swamp
bad
water
‘And she makes noise in the swamp, in the bad water.’ 135 hay kʷa di sƛ’ubilsəxʷ hay
kʷa
di
s=ƛ’ub–il=s=axʷ
SCONJ
PTCL
FOC
NM=well–INCH=3PO=now
‘And so that one is all right now.’ 136 waq’waq’əxʷ cucutəxʷ waq’waq’=axʷ
cut–cut=axʷ
frog=now
DSTR–say=now
‘Frog talks and talks.’ 137
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uwaq’waq’ ʷul’=axʷ
əxʷ
only=now
u=waq’waq’
2SG.SUB
IRR=frog
‘ “You will just be a frog.’ 138
ucucutəxʷ
əxʷ
al kʷi bək’ʷ ad ti ə
u=cut–cut=axʷ
əxʷ
IRR=DSTR–say=now
as– əqʷ•dup
2SG.SUB swatixʷtəd
STAT–wet•land
land
al at
əs əqʷdup swatixʷtəd ul ulaldup kʷi
bək’ʷ
REM
all
ad where
ti ə PROX
ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bulrush•land
‘ “You will talk and talk everywhere the ground is wet, a bulrush place.’ 139
a kʷi ads a a be.there
kʷi REM
u=ad=s= a IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “There is where you will be.’ 140
usa u=sa IRR=bad
‘ “It will be bad.’
Martha Williams Lamont
141
255
ustit ul’bixʷ əxʷ u=s–tit ul’bixʷ
əxʷ
IRR=NP–small.animal
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will be a little animal.’ 142 xʷi əxʷ kʷi stab adəxʷa xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
stab
NEG=now
REM
what
u=ad=dəxʷ=ha IRR=2SG.PO=ADNM=good
‘ “You will be good for nothing.’ 143
ucucutəxʷ əxʷ u=cut–cut=axʷ IRR=DSTR–say=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You will talk on and on.’ 144 dəgʷi adsugʷadgʷad dəgʷi
u=ad=s= u–gʷad–gʷad IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–talk
you
‘ “You are the one who will be speaking all the time.’ 145
xʷi əxʷ gʷə adsu ʷubil i ti ə bi bəda s xʷi =axʷ
gʷə= u=ad=s= u– ʷubil
NEG=now
SBJ=IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–be.quiet
bi –bəda –s ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘ “You and your little baby will never be quiet.” ’ 146 xʷəbtəb xʷəb–t–b thrown–ICS–PASS ‘They are thrown.’ 147 tu iləxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus tu= il=axʷ
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PAST=arrive=now
DIST
owl
‘Owl arrived.’ 148 tuk’ʷililəxʷ tu=k’ʷil–il=axʷ PAST=DIM.EFF–peer=now
‘He peered about.’
i CONJ
ti ə PROX
256
Owl Lives There
149 xʷi əxʷ tsi i
əgʷas
xʷi =axʷ
tsi i
NEG=now
DIST:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘His wife is not there.’ 150
ʷul’əxʷ tubə əc tu=bə= ə
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
PAST=ADD=scared
‘He just got scared again.’ 151 gʷəl tubə u ʷ gʷəl
tu=bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=go
‘And he went again.’ 152 tusaq’ʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus tu=saq’ʷ
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
PAST=fly
DIST
owl
‘Owl flew off.’ 153 dxʷ aləxʷ tušubtubsexʷ dxʷ– al=axʷ
tu=šubu–txʷ–b=s=axʷ
CNTRPT–at=now
PAST= NOM=disappear–ECS–PASS=3PO=now
‘ “Until he was made to disappear.’ 154 xʷi ƛ’ubəxʷ uhuyəxʷ təkʷtəkʷəlus ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus xʷi
ƛ’ub=axʷ
NEG
well=now
u–huyu=axʷ PFV–made=now
təkʷtəkʷəlus
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
owl
DIST
owl
‘ “No, it is better that he just become an owl, this owl.’ 155 xʷi əxʷ kʷi ubəsəshuys aci talbixʷ xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
NEG=now
REM
u=bə=s= as–huyu–s IRR=ADD=NM=STAT–made–3PO
‘ “He will not be a person any more.’ 156
ʷul’əxʷ utit ul’bixʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u=tit ul’bixʷ IRR=small.animal
‘ “He will be just a little animal.’
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
157
257
u a kʷi s cut s kʷi s ƛ’əladi s u= a IRR=dark
kʷi
s=cut=s
kʷi
s=ƛ’əladi =s
REM
NM=say=3PO
REM
NM=make.noise=3PO
‘ “It will be night when he talks, when he makes noise.’ 158
əbil’əxʷ ask’ʷədadəxʷ əbil’=axʷ
u= as–k’ʷədad=axʷ
perhaps=now
IRR=STAT–predict.weather=now
‘ “Perhaps he will forecast the weather.’ 159
əbil’əxʷ u əƛ’ kʷi sa il s əbil’=axʷ
u= əƛ’
perhaps=now
IRR=come
kʷi
s=ha –il=s
REM
NM=good–INCH=3PO
‘ “Perhaps good weather will come.’ 160 gʷəl ucucut gʷəl
u=cut–cut
SCONJ
IRR=DSTR–say
‘ “And he will speak and speak,’ 161
ugʷadgʷəd ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus u=gʷad–gʷəd
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
IRR=DSTR–talk
DIST
owl
‘ “Owl will speak.’ 162 di əxʷ usgʷa s usəsyayus di =axʷ
u=s=gʷa =s
FOC=now
u=s= as–yayus
IRR=NM=ones.own=3PO
IRR=NM=STAT–work
‘ “That will be his work.” ’ 163 hay ahəxʷ ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus hay
a=axʷ
SCONJ
be.there=now
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
DIST
owl
‘So, there is Owl.’ 164
u i ʷitəb dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷ u ʷs dxʷ al ti ə ti aƛ’ aƛ’ stab əb əbidac u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS
ti ə
ti
PROX
SPEC
dxʷ– al
ti ə
dəxʷ= u ʷ=s
dxʷ– al
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ADNM=go=3PO
CNTRPT–at
aƛ’
aƛ’
stab
brush
brush
what
əb– əbid•ac DSTR–Douglas.fir•tree
‘He was tossed into the brush, brush and things, the Douglas-fir.’
258
Owl Lives There
165 hay tu ahəxʷ kʷa tsi ə tu əgʷas hay
tu= a=axʷ
kʷa
tsi ə
tu= əgʷas–s
SCONJ
PAST=be.there=now
PTCL
PROX:FEM
PAST=wife–3PO
‘So there was his former wife.’ 166 huy ƛ’ubiləxʷ ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
ƛ’ub–il=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
well–INCH=now
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then the people are fine now.’ 167 ƛ’ubildubutəxʷ ƛ’ub–il–dxʷ–but=axʷ well–INCH–DC–REFL=now ‘They managed to better themselves.’ 168 huy uc’adᶻa bitəbəxʷ tsi ə əgʷas ə ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus huy u–c’adᶻa –bi–t–b=axʷ tsi ə SCONJ
PFV–bothered–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
əgʷas wife
təkʷtəkʷəlus owl ‘Then they have become sick and tired of the wife of Owl.’ 169 ƛ’al’əxʷ tubas ista ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus ƛ’al’=axʷ
tu=bə= as– ista
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
also=now
PAST=ADD=STAT–be.like
DIST
owl
‘It was the same with Owl.’ 170
uƛ’əladi əxʷ u–ƛ’əladi =axʷ PFV–make.noise=now
‘He makes noise.’ 171
uƛ’əladi əxʷ u–ƛ’əladi =axʷ PFV–make.noise=now
‘He makes noise.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
172
259
əgʷ əgʷəlub tə wiw’suˑ əgʷ əgʷəlub tə wiw’suˑ2 əgʷ– əgʷəl–b DSTR–leave–PASS
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
əgʷ– əgʷəl–b DSTR–leave–PASS
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
‘ “Children are left behind, Children are left behind.” ’ 173
əscut kʷədi ƛ’usucucuts ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus as–cut STAT–say
kʷədi
ƛ’u=s= u–cut–cut=s
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
REM.DMA
IRR=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
DIST
owl
‘The way Owl always talks there is spoken (like that).’ 174 xʷgʷədgʷatəds al kʷədi di dəxʷəs i ʷitəbsəxʷ xʷ–gʷədgʷatəd–s
al
CTD–converse–3PO
at
kʷədi
di
REM.DMA
other.side
dəxʷ= as– i ʷi–t–b=s=axʷ ADNM=STAT–thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
‘That is his language over there where he has been thrown.’ 175 haˑy gʷəl tu ahəxʷ tsi ə cədi hay
gʷəl
tu= a=axʷ
tsi ə
cədi
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=be.there=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘So then, there she (Frog) was.’ 176 sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ sswələq’ ‘ “Shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk, shuwooluk.” ’ 177
al ti i qʷu al at
al ti i
ul ulaldup dxʷ aˑl kʷədi
ti i
qʷu
al
DIST
water at
ti i DIST
u adəxʷ
ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bullrush•land
dxʷ– al
kʷədi
CNTRPT–at
REM.DMA
u= ad=axʷ IRR=where=now
‘It is in the water, in the bulrush places where she will be.’ 178 diˑ tushuy ə ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus dxʷ al tušac’s di
tu=s=huyu
FOC
PAST=NM=made
ə
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus dxʷ– al
tu=šac’=s
PR
DIST
owl
PAST=end=3PO
CNTRPT–at
‘That is what Owl was doing until the end.’
__________ 2
The pronunciation of ɬəgʷɬəgʷələb as ɬəgʷɬəgʷlub is evocative of the hooting of an owl, as is the emphatic lengthening of the final vowel in wiw’su.
260
179
Owl Lives There
ʷul’əxʷ tu ʷil’ tsi ə ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əgʷas
tu= ʷil’
tsi ə
PAST=lost
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘He simply lost his wife.’ 180 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsəsaydxʷs gʷə ə ids gʷəbə əƛ’txʷas xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s
gʷə= ə id=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
SBJ=what.happen=3PO
gʷə=bə= əƛ’–txʷ=as SBJ=ADD=come–ECS=3SBRD
‘He does not know what to do to bring her back again.’ 181 huy əsc’adᶻəxʷbitəbəxʷ ə ti ə aci talbixʷ əs a lil huy as–c’adᶻəxʷ–bi–t–b=axʷ tsi ə STAT–bothered–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
ti ə PROX
aci talbixʷ people
PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s
ə
wife–3PO
PR
as– a lil STAT–live
‘Then the people who live there are sick and tired of her.’ 182 hiqəbəxʷ dxʷscucut hiqəb=axʷ
dxʷs–cut–cut
excessively=now
PROC–DSTR–say
‘She is too talkative.’ 183 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsu itut ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= u– itut
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=PFV–sleep
ə
ti ə
PR
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘The people could not sleep.’ 184 ti ə dəxʷəshuyəxʷ ə tsi ə waq’waq’ ti ə
dəxʷ= as–huyu=axʷ
ə
PROX
ADNM=STAT–made=now
PR
tsi ə
waq’waq’
PROX:FEM
frog
‘This is why Frog is the way she is now.’ 185
ʷul’əxʷ al ta a ʷul’əxʷ only=now
ul ulaldup sa
al ta a at
DIST:UNQ
ul– ulal•dup DSTR–bulrush•land
‘Only in that bad bulrush place.’
sa bad
Martha Williams Lamont
186
261
a ti i ƛ’usuƛ’əladi s ə tsi i waq’waq’ ƛ’usugʷadgʷads al ti ƛ’us alils kʷi dəxʷgʷadgʷads a be.there
ti i
ƛ’u=s= u–ƛ’əladi =s
DIST
HAB=NM=PFV–make.noise=3PO
ə PR
tsi i
waq’waq’
DIST:FEM
frog
ƛ’u=s= u–gʷad–gʷad=s
kʷi
ƛ’u=s= alil=s
HAB=NM=PFV–DSTR–talk=3PO
REM
HAB=NM=get.to.place=3PO
ti
dəxʷ=gʷad–gʷad=s
SPEC
ADNM=DSTR–talk=3PO
al at
‘There are the noises that Frog makes, her chatter when she is in the place where she chatters.’ 187
ucucut ucucut ucucut u=cut–cut
u=cut–cut IRR=DSTR–say
u=cut–cut
IRR=DSTR–say
IRR=DSTR–say
‘She will talk and talk and talk and talk!’ 188
u ʷisid əlgʷə
bək’ʷ
ad
al ti i
aƛ’
ad
əs əqʷdup dəxʷ al ti i
ul al
sa sa dup u= ʷisid IRR=make.noise
əlgʷə
bək’ʷ
PL
all
ad
al ti i
where
at
DIST
as– əqʷ•dup
dəxʷ= al
ti i
ul al
STAT–wet•land
ADNM=at
DIST
bulrush
aƛ’
ad
brush
where
sa –sa •dup DSTR–bad•land
‘They will make noise everywhere, in the brush, where the land is wet, where the bulrushes are in the bad lands.’ 189 diˑ tushuys di
tu=s=huyu=s
FOC
PAST=NM=made=3PO
‘That is the end.’ 190 gʷəl tuhuy ti i syəyəhub dxʷ al
adad ti i waq’waq’
i ti i təkʷtəkʷəlus
s ’istxʷs gʷəl
tu=huyu
SCONJ
PAST=made
waq’waq’ frog
i CONJ
ti i
syəyəhub
dxʷ– al
DIST
legend
CNTRPT–at
adad the.matter.of
ti i
təkʷtəkʷəlus
s ’istxʷ–s
DIST
owl
husband–3PO
ti i DIST
‘That is the end of the traditional story about Frog and Owl, her husband.’
262
Owl Lives There
191 təkʷtəkʷəlus ti ə s ’istxʷs təkʷtəkʷəlus
ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
owl
PROX
husband–3PO
‘Her husband was Owl.’
Martha Williams Lamont
263
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron as told by Martha Lamont1 1
gʷəyəyəhubəxʷ əd u gʷə=yəyəhub=axʷ SBJ=tell.story=now
əd
u
1SG.SUB
INT
Martha Lamont: ‘Should I tell a traditional story now?’ 2
i yə yəhubəxʷ i INTJ
yəyəhub=axʷ tell.story=now
Levi Lamont: ‘Yes. Tell it.’ 3
əs i ista b ti i sbəq’ʷa
i tsi i
as– i– ista –b
ti i
sbəq’ʷa
DIST
heron
STAT–ATTN–be.like–MD
ʷu ʷəy i
tsi i
ʷu ʷəy
DIST:FEM
CONJ
little.diver
Martha Lamont: ‘Heron and Little Diver are like this.’ 4
əs a lil t s i i as– a lil
ixʷ əgʷas
tsi i
STAT–live
ixʷ– əgʷas–s
DIST:FEM
spouse–wife–3PO
‘His wife lives there.’ 5
əgʷas ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa tsi ə əgʷas
ə
wife
PR
ʷu ʷəy
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
tsi ə
PROX
heron
PROX:FEM
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
‘The wife of Heron is Little Diver.’ 6
gʷəl ha
əlgʷə
a lil ti i sbəq’ʷa
gʷəl
ha
əlgʷə
SCONJ
good
PL
a lil live
i tsi i
ʷu ʷəy
ti i
sbəq’ʷa
DIST
heron
i CONJ
tsi i DIST:FEM
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
‘And Heron and Little Diver live well together.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 30 June 1966, at Tulalip, WA; transcription and editorial amendments by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006). “Little diver” is the common name for a type of grebe, probably the Pie-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), also known as a “hell-diver.”
264
7
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
u ə idəxʷ kʷi dəxʷ ə
ə tsi ə
u– ə id=axʷ
kʷi
dəxʷ=
REM
ADNM=sick
PFV–what.happen=now
ʷu ʷəy ə
tsi ə
PR
PROX:FEM
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
‘How did Little Diver get sick?’ 8
huy gʷəl u agəqəxʷ tsi ə huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ʷu ʷəy
u– agəq=axʷ PFV–groan=now
tsi ə
ʷu ʷəy
PROX:FEM
little.diver
‘And then Little Diver groans.’ 9
u agəqəxʷ u– agəq=axʷ PFV–groan=now
‘She groans.’ 10 xʷ aˑ xʷ aˑ … diˑ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi … əgəgəgəgə … haˑ haˑ xʷ a xʷ a di dᶻə kʷi s ʷi – ʷədi əgəgəgəgə ooh
ooh
FOC
PTCL
REM
ATTN–bullhead
uuugh
ha
ha
ahh
ahh
‘ “Oh, oh, little bullhead must be the ones, ugh, oh, oh!” ’ 11 She was saying she’s pretty sick and she likes to eat some little, little bullhead s ʷi ʷədi 12 cucutəxʷ tsi ə tsi ə stab ʷu ʷəy cut–cut=axʷ
tsi ə
tsi ə
stab
ʷu ʷəy
DSTR–say=now
PROX:FEM
PROX:FEM
what
little.diver
‘This, this ... whatsit ... Little Diver speaks.’ 13 huy cutəbəxʷ
ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
heron
‘Then it is said by Heron,’ 14
uˑ u ə tsi ə d əgʷas u INTJ
u– PFV–sick
tsi ə
d– əgʷas
PROX:FEM
1SG.PO–wife
‘ “Oh, my wife has gotten sick.’ 15 ƛ’ub əd up’a cut uxʷi xʷi ƛ’ub well
əd 1SG.SUB
u=p’a a–t–sut IRR=try–ICS–REFL
‘ “I should try to fish.” ’
u–xʷi xʷi PFV–hunt
Martha Williams Lamont
265
16 qʷibidəxʷ ti ə ǰəsəds ti i sbəq’ʷa qʷibi–t=axʷ
ti ə
ǰəsəd–s
ti i
sbəq’ʷa
prepared–ICS=now
PROX
leg–3PO
DIST
heron
‘He fixes up his legs, this Heron.’ 17 He’s got some kind of ... 18 huy sa adəxʷ ti ə ǰəsəds huy
sa a–t=axʷ
ti ə
ǰəsəd–s
SCONJ
scrape–ICS=now
PROX
leg–3PO
‘Then he scrapes his legs.’ 19 Scrape his legs and scrape it so it wouldn’t make noise 20
al kʷi sət’i ibs al kʷi ilgʷi al kʷi at
ə kʷi ʷəl
s=lə=t’i ib=s
al kʷi
NM=PROG=swim=3PO
REM
at
‘As he waded along the shore of the sea.’ 21
ilgʷi
al kʷi ʷəl
il•gʷi
al
side•waterway
kʷi
at
REM
ʷəl sea
‘The shore of the sea.’ 22 bəsxʷi xʷi əxʷ bəs–s–xʷi xʷi =axʷ PROP–NP–hunt=now
‘He has game now.’ 23 Tide is out. 24
agʷəxʷ ti i šuƛ’ a kʷ=axʷ seaward=now
ti i
šuƛ’
DIST
tide
‘The tide is out now.’ 25 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbəq’ʷa huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then Heron goes.’
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
heron
REM
il•gʷi side•waterway
ə PR
kʷi REM
ʷəl sea
266
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
26 ƛ’up’a əd ti i ǰəsəds ƛ’u=p’a a–t
ti i
ǰəsəd–s
HAB=try–ICS
DIST
leg–3PO
‘He would try out his legs.’ 27 lə ab abšədəb lə= ab– ab•šəd–b PROG=DSTR–extend•leg–MD
‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 28 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 29
a u xʷ a
u xʷ
be.there
PTCL
‘(The noise) is still there.’ 30 ləsi s ʷicut lə=si –s ʷi–t–sut PROG=ATTN–make.noise–ICS–REFL
‘He is still making noise.’ 31 bə uˑbə bə= ubə ADD=go.inland
‘He goes back up the bank.’ 32 gʷəl bəsaˑ ad ti ə ǰəsəds gʷəl
bə=sa a–t
ti ə
ǰəsəd–s
SCONJ
ADD=scrape–ICS
PROX
leg–3PO
‘And he scrapes his legs again.’ 33 sa ad sa ad sa ad sa a–t
sa a–t
sa a–t
scrape–ICS
scrape–ICS
scrape–ICS
‘He scrapes them, scrapes them, scrapes them.’
Martha Williams Lamont
267
34 huy gʷəl bəhuy dxʷ cutəbid huy
gʷəl
bə=huyu
dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=made
CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS
‘And then he thinks again,’ 35
əsƛ’ubiləxʷ as–ƛ’ub–il=axʷ STAT–well–INCH=now
‘ “They are all right now.” ’ 36 ƛ’ubəhuy gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl bət’iˑ ib ƛ’u=bə=huy
gʷəl
HAB=ADD=SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ go
gʷəl
bə=t’i ib
SCONJ
ADD=swim
‘And then he wades out again.’ 37 lə aˑbabšədəb lə= ab– ab•šəd–b PROG=DSTR–extend•leg–MD
‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 38
aˑb abšəd əb ab– ab•šəd–b DSTR–extend•leg–MD
‘He is extending his legs way out.’ 39
xʷi gʷəsəluutəbs ə ti i s ʷədi xʷi NEG
i ti i p’i p’uay’]2
gʷə=s=lə=lu–t–b=s SBJ=NM=PROG=hear–ICS–PASS=3PO
ə
ti i
s ʷədi
PR
DIST
bullhead
i CONJ
ti i DIST
p’i –p’uay’ ATTN–flounder
‘The bullhead and little flounder cannot hear him.’ 40
əshigʷəxʷ ti ə šuƛ’ as–higʷ=axʷ STAT–big=now
ti ə
šuƛ’
PROX
tide
‘It’s a very low tide now.’
__________ 2
This is Mr. Lamont’s emendation. What is said on tape is bəstabəs sxʷiʔs. gʷəl leluutəb ʔe s ʷədiʔ, stab, p’ip’uay, stab ‘(as if) it were nothing. And he is heard by the bullhead and little flounder.’ As is apparent from the next few lines, however, this time Heron has succeeded in not being heard.
268
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
41 huy dxʷ cutəbəxʷ huy
dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–say–DSD=now
‘Then he thinks,’ 42 ƛ’ubəxʷ kʷəda ti i dǰəsəd ƛ’ub=axʷ
kʷəda
ti i
d–ǰəsəd
well=now
PTCL
DIST
1SG.PO–leg
‘ “Maybe my legs are all right now.” ’ 43 huˑy u ʷəxʷ dxʷ al tə s xʷiˑ xʷi s əxʷ huy
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
SCONJ
dxʷ– al
tə
s=xʷi xʷi =s=axʷ
CNTRPT–at
NSPEC
NM=hunt=3PO=now
‘Then he goes to fish.’ 44
a tsi ə
əgʷas
a
tsi ə
be.there
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘There is his wife.’ 45
əs ə
al ti
al al
as–
al
STAT–sick
at
ti
al al
SPEC
house
‘She is sick at home.’ 46 gʷəhaw’ə
ʷul’ u əgʷəldxʷ tsi ə
gʷəhaw’ə
ʷul’
seemingly
only
əgʷas
u– əgʷəl–dxʷ PFV–leave–DC
tsi ə PROX:FEM
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘It seems that he just leaves his wife.’ 47 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷəxʷ ti ə gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
’ət
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə PROX
’ət kingfisher
‘And then Kingfisher goes.’ 48
gʷəl (h)uy qədəbtxʷaxʷ tsi ə
əgʷas ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa tsi ə
ʷu ʷəy Little
Diver gʷəl
huy
qədəb–txʷ=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
fornicate–ECS=now
PROX:FEM
əgʷas wife
ə ti ə PR
PROX
sbəq’ʷa heron
Martha Williams Lamont
tsi ə PROX:FEM
269
ʷu ʷəy
Little
Diver
little.diver
Little
Diver
‘And then he has sex with the wife of Heron, Little Diver.’ 49
qədəbtubəxʷ ə ti ə xʷi ləha qədəb–txʷ–b=axʷ
’ət
ə
fornicate–ECS–PASS=now tə
s=xʷi
NSPEC
NM=NEG
PR
al tə sxʷi
ə ti i cədi
ti ə
xʷi
lə=ha
PROX
NEG
NEGP=good
ə
ti i
cədi
PR
DIST
s/he
’ət
al
kingfisher
at
‘She is fornicated with by this no-good Kingfisher in (Heron’s) absence.’ 50
ahəxʷ tədᶻisəxʷ tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ ʷu ʷəy a=axʷ tədᶻil–s=axʷ tsi ə be.there=now
lie.in.bed–ALTV=now
PROX:FEM
‘He is there and goes to bed with pathetic Little Diver.’ 51
ahəxʷ əstətabədəs a=axʷ
as–tə–taba–t=as
be.there=now
STAT–RDP–do–ICS=3SBRD
‘He is there doing that.’ 52
huy t’ugʷudəxʷ huy
t’ukʷu–t=axʷ
SCONJ
measure–ICS=now
‘But he calculates it.’ 53
gʷəl (h)uy saxʷəbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
saxʷəb=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
jump=now
‘And then he runs off.’ 54
hay gʷəl bəla hay
gʷəl
bə=la
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=remember
‘So then she remembers again.’ 55
bə u ʷ ti i cədi bə= u ʷ
ti i
cədi
ADD=go
DIST
s/he
‘He (Heron) goes again.’
s ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
270
56
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
ƛ’al’ bucucut tsi ə cədi
ʷu ʷəy
ƛ’al’
bə= u–cut–cut
tsi ə
cədi
ʷu ʷəy
also
ADD=PFV–DSTR–say
PROX:FEM
s/he
little.diver
‘Again Little Diver says,’ 57
u agəgəgə ‘ “Uaagegege.” ’
58
əs ə as– STAT–sick
‘She is sick.’ 59
aˑ di əxʷ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi ti ds ə əd a di =axʷ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi – ʷədi INTJ
FOC=now
PTCL
REM
ATTN–bullhead
ti
d=s ə əd
SPEC
1SG.PO=food
‘ “Oh, my food must be little bullheads.’ 60 gəgəgəgə
aˑ
aˑ
aˑ
‘ “Gegegege, xaaa, xaaa, xaaa.” ’ 61 di əxʷ ti i dəxʷəsluutəbs tsi i cədi diver ʷu ʷəy di =axʷ
ti i
dəxʷ= as–lu–t–b=s
tsi i
cədi
diver
FOC=now
DIST
ADNM=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS=3PO
DIST:FEM
s/he
diver
ʷu ʷəy little.diver ‘That is how little divers sound.’ 62 ƛ’ucucutəxʷ al ti ə s ilgʷi ƛ’u=cut–cut=axʷ HAB=DSTR–say=now
al ti ə at
PROX
s ilgʷi shoreline
‘They always talk on the shore.’ 63 ƛ’asluutəb ə ti ə su ululu
ə ti ə bək’ʷ gʷat al kʷi sə a il[s]
ƛ’u= as–lu–t–b
ə
HAB=STAT–heard–ICS–PASS
ti ə
bək’ʷ gʷat
PROX
all
who
ti ə
s= u– ul–ulu ə
PR
PROX
al
kʷi
s=lə= a –il=s
REM
NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO
at
NM=PFV–DIM.EFF–travel.by.water
‘They are always heard by everyone paddling about in the evening.’ 64 Some evenings you can hear the diver like that.
PR
Martha Williams Lamont
271
65 diˑ dᶻə kʷi s ʷi ʷədi kʷi ds ə əd di dᶻə kʷi s ʷi– ʷədi kʷi FOC
PTCL
ATTN–bullhead
REM
REM
d=s ə əd 1SG.PO=food
‘ “My food must be little bullheads.’ 66
əgəgəgəgəgə
aˑ
a
‘ “Ugegegege haa ha.” ’ 67 Pretty sick. 68
aˑ ti ə sbəq’ʷa a be.there
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
heron
‘There is Heron.’ 69 cick’ʷəxʷ udxʷidawligʷəd dxʷ al tsi i cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now
u–dxʷ idawligʷəd PFV–worry
əgʷas ʷu ʷəy
dxʷ– al
tsi i
əgʷas–s
CNTRPT–at
DIST:FEM
ʷu ʷəy
wife–3PO little.diver
‘He is really worried about his wife, Little Diver.’ 70 bəqʷibid ti i ǰəsəds bə=qʷibi–t
ti i
ǰəsəd–s
ADD=prepared–ICS
DIST
leg–3PO
‘He works on his legs some more.’ 71 bəsa sa ad bə=sa –sa a–t ADD=DSTR–scrape–ICS
‘He scrapes them again and again.’ 72 bətrimtrim ti ə ǰəsəds dxʷ al kʷi gʷəsxʷi s kʷi gʷəsəsi s ʷicuts al ti səgʷəcis ti i s ʷədi stab p’i p’uay’ on the beach li ilgʷi bə=trim–trim
ti ə
ǰəsəd–s
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=s=xʷi =s
kʷi
ADD=DSTR–trim
PROX
leg–3PO
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=NM=NEG=3PO
REM
gʷə=s=lə=si –s ʷi–t–sut=s
al ti
SBJ=NM=PROG=ATTN–make.noise–ICS–REFL=3PO
s=lə=gʷəcil–s=s NM=PROG=wade–ALTV=3PO
at
SPEC
ti i
s ʷədi
stab
p’i –p’uay’
DIST
bullhead
what
ATTN–flounder
on
the beach
li – il•gʷi
on
the beach
PRLV–side•waterway
272
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
‘He trims his legs again so they won’t make swishing sounds while he wades in shallow water after bullhead, or what ... little flounder along the shore.’ 73 huy bə u ʷəxʷ huy
bə= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go=now
‘Then he goes again.’ 74 huy t axʷ ləkʷədxʷ ti i stab huy
t =axʷ
lə=kʷəda–dxʷ
ti i
stab
SCONJ
truly=now
PROG=taken–DC
DIST
what
‘Then he is really catching those things.’ 75 ƛ’ubə iltxʷ ƛ’u=bə= il–txʷ HAB=ADD=arrive–ECS
‘He always comes back with them again and again.’ 76 xʷi gʷəbəslək’ʷtəbs ə tsi ə cədi
əs ə ə
xʷi
gʷə=bə=s=lək’ʷ–t–b=s
NEG
SBJ=ADD=NM=eaten–ICS–PASS=3PO
PR
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘They are never eaten by the sick one.’ 77
di i ƛ’ubəsxʷi xʷi ilu
ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa
di –i
ƛ’u=bə=s=xʷi xʷi –ilu
INTNS–FOC
HAB=ADD=NM=hunt–PRPV
ə PR
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
heron
‘That is why Heron would keep going out fishing.’ 78 gʷəhaw’ə tu ʷəxʷ ƛ’ulil ilgʷi gʷəhaw’ə
tu ʷ=axʷ
ƛ’u=lil
seemingly
just=now
HAB=far
il•gʷi side•waterway
‘Just as soon as he would go down to the shore.’ 79 gʷəl bə ahəxʷ ti i
’ət
gʷəl
bə= a=axʷ
ti i
SCONJ
ADD=be.there=now
DIST
‘And there would be Kingfisher.’ 80 ƛ’u əƛ’ ti ə
’ət
ƛ’u= əƛ’
ti ə
HAB=come
PROX
’ət kingfisher
‘Kingfisher would come.’
’ət kingfisher
as– STAT–sick
Martha Williams Lamont
81 gʷəl lə is tsi i
273
əgʷas
gʷəl
lə= il–s
tsi i
SCONJ
PROG=arrive–ALTV
DIST:FEM
əgʷas wife
‘And he comes to this wife.’ 82 di əw’ə higʷəxʷ udxʷqədidəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ sbəq’ʷa
ə tsi ə
əgʷas
ʷu ʷəy di
əw’ə
higʷ=axʷ
FOC
PTCL
big=now
sbəq’ʷa
ə
heron
PR
u–dxʷ–qəd–i–t=axʷ PFV–CTD–fornicate–SS–ICS=now
əgʷas–s
ʷu ʷəy
wife–3PO
little.diver
tsi ə PROX:FEM
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROX
poor.guy
‘Indeed, he really makes a cuckold of poor Heron with his wife, Little Diver.’ 83 haˑgʷəxʷ ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now ‘This goes on for a long time.’ 84 gʷəl (h)uy haydubəxʷ ə ti i sbəq’ʷa gʷəl
huy
hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
known–DC–PASS=now
ə
ti i
sbəq’ʷa
PR
DIST
heron
‘And then it is realized by Heron.’ 85
ə ti a kʷi səshuy ə ti i ə ‿ti
a
seemingly
be.there
’ət
kʷi
s= as–huyu
REM
NM=STAT–made
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
’ət kingfisher
‘It seems that it is done there by Kingfisher.’ 86 huy ƛ’aq’ʷadəxʷ huy
ƛ’aq’ʷa–t=axʷ
SCONJ
lie.in.wait–ICS=now
‘Then (Heron) lay in wait for them.’ 87
yə i əxʷcutəbid ə kʷi suhuys yə i because
as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS
‘Because he thinks it is going on.’
ə PR
kʷi
s= u–huyu=s
REM
NM=PFV–made=3PO
274
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
88 catch onəxʷ ti i s ušəbabdxʷ catch.on=axʷ
ti i
s ušəbabdxʷ
catch.on=now
DIST
poor.guy
‘The poor fellow catches on.’ 89 huy
ə ƛ’axʷ
huy
əƛ’=axʷ come=now
SCONJ
‘So he comes.’ 90 xʷi u xʷ kʷi gʷəstab ə ti i dəxʷuxʷi xʷi s xʷi
u xʷ
kʷi
gʷə=stab
ə
ti i
dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s
NEG
PTCL
REM
SBJ=what
PR
DIST
ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO
‘He still does not have anything from his fishing.’ 91 huy ut’uk’ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
u–t’uk’ʷ=axʷ PFV–go.home=now
‘Then he goes home.’ 92 taˑ tə truly ‘It is true!’ 93
a ti i
’ət
a be.there
ti i DIST
’ət kingfisher
‘There is Kingfisher.’ 94 tastədᶻil al tsi i tu= as–tədᶻil
əgʷas
PAST=STAT–lie.in.bed
al at
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘(Kingfisher) was in bed with his wife.’ 95 di i sə ils di –i
s=lə= il=s
INTNS–FOC
NM=PROG=arrive=3PO
‘Just as soon as (Heron) arrived,’
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
96 gʷəl ləgʷədil ti i
275
’ət
gʷəl
lə=gʷəd–il
ti i
SCONJ
PROG=down–INCH
DIST
’ət kingfisher
‘And Kingfisher sits up.’ 97 gʷəl ləsaxʷəb gʷəl
lə=saxʷəb
SCONJ
PROG=jump
‘And he runs.’ 98 kʷədad ti ə sqʷiƛ’əbs kʷəda–t
ti ə
sqʷiƛ’əb–s
taken–ICS
PROX
spear–3PO
‘(Heron) grabs his bottom-fish spear.’ 99
huy gʷəl dxʷcaq’a adidəxʷ put šqla adəbs ə ti i cədi
ə ti i cədi stab …
huy
gʷəl
dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t=axʷ
put
s=šq•l•a ad•əb=s
SCONJ
SCONJ
CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS=now
really
NM=high•arm•MD=3PO
ə
ti i
cədi
ə
ti i
cədi
stab
PR
DIST
s/he
DIST
PR
s/he
what
‘And then (Heron) spears him in the side just as he raises his arms, this guy, this ...’ 100
ə ti i cədi stab ə
ti i
cədi
stab
PR
DIST
s/he
what
‘This guy ...’ 101
’ət ’ət kingfisher Levi Lamont: ‘Kingfisher.’
102
i ’ət i INTJ
’ət kingfisher
Levi Lamont: ‘Yes, Kingfisher.’ 103 gʷəl dxʷcaq’a aditəb ə ti ə cədi sbəq’ʷa gʷəl
dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t–b
SCONJ
CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS–PASS
‘And Heron spears him in the side.’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
s/he
heron
276
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
104 tiləb udxʷcaq’a aditəb dxʷ al ti i xʷ ila ads tiləb
u–dxʷ–caq’•a ad–di–t–b
immediately
PFV–CTD–impaled•side–SS–ICS–PASS
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
xʷ– il•a ad–s CTD–side•side–3PO
‘Right then he is speared in the side.’ 105 gʷəl bələpətq ti i scaq’ads gʷəl
bə=lə=pətq
ti i
s=caq’a–t=s
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=skewer
DIST
NM=impaled–ICS=3PO
‘And the spearing goes clear through.’ 106 gʷəl ləxʷəcəd ti i cədi gʷəl
lə=xʷəc–t
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
PROG=removed–ICS
DIST
s/he
‘And he pulls this thing out.’ 107 huy k’ʷ axʷ ti i stuligʷəd tul’ al ti i xʷ ila ad ə ti i huy
k’ʷ =axʷ spill=now
SCONJ
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
’ət
ti i
stuligʷəd
tul’– al
ti i
xʷ– il•a ad–s
DIST
blood
CNTRFG–at
DIST
CTD–side•side–3PO
’ət kingfisher
‘Then the blood pours out from Kingfisher’s sides.’ 108
ahəxʷ ti i
’ət
a=axʷ
ti i
be.there=now
DIST
’ət kingfisher
‘There is Kingfisher.’ 109 ləsq’iƛ’q’iƛ’ ləs–q’iƛ–’q’iƛ’ PROG.STAT–DSTR–wounded
‘He is wounded.’ 110
uˑ di əxʷ ti ə dəxʷəs cilsəxʷ u INTJ
di =axʷ
ti ə
dəxʷ= as– c–il=s=axʷ
FOC=now
PROX
ADNM=STAT–red–INCH=3PO=now
‘Oh, that is why he is red now.’
Martha Williams Lamont
111
əbid ə ti ə
277
al tə ƛ’usaq’ʷ ə ti ə cədi
a–bi–t
ə
be.there–MAP–ICS
PR
ti ə PROX
’ət
al tə at
NSPEC
ƛ’u=s=saq’ʷ
ə
HAB=NM=fly
PR
’ət kingfisher ‘It is right here on him when Kingfisher flies.’ 112
ə ti ƛ’asc il ti ə ə ‿ti seemingly
al ti
ƛ’u= as–c il
ti ə
HAB=STAT–bleed
PROX
al at
ti SPEC
‘It’s just as if he were bleeding right there.’ 113 Red. 114 təš ti i tuscaq’atəbs təš
ti i
tu=s=caq’a–t–b=s
misfortune
DIST
PAST=NM=impaled–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘(On account of) his misfortune having been speared.’ 115 huˑy aləxʷ kʷi bəd ’axʷ huy SCONJ
al=axʷ at=now
kʷi
bə=də ’axʷ
REM
ADD=once
‘Well, (it was) in another time.’ 116 gʷəl (h)uy tukʷədxʷaxʷ ti i cədi gʷəl
huy
tu=kʷəda–dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=taken–DC=now
DIST
s/he
‘And then he caught him.’ 117 hay tugʷəlaldəxʷ hay
tu=gʷəlal–t=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=harmed–ICS=now
‘So he wounded him.’ 118 həla bəxʷ tu ə dxʷaxʷ həla b=axʷ
tu= –dxʷ=axʷ
really=now
PAST=sick–DC=now
‘He really injured him.’
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
278
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
119 gʷəl (h)uy tukʷədadəxʷ tsi i tu əgʷas ʷu ʷəy gʷəl
huy
tu=kʷəda–t
tsi i
tu= əgʷas
ʷu ʷəy
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=taken–ICS
DIST:FEM
PAST=wife
little.diver
‘And then he took his wife, Little Diver.’ 120 tukʷata txʷəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə old tree cedar tree tu=kʷata –txʷ=axʷ
dxʷ– al
ti ə
old
tree
cedar
tree
PAST=climb–ECS=now
CNTRPT–at
PROX
old
tree
cedar
tree
‘He climbed up an old cedar tree with her.’ 121 huy kʷata txʷəxʷ liˑl ti i old tree huy
kʷata –txʷ=axʷ
lil
ti i
old
tree
SCONJ
climb–ECS=now
far
DIST
old
tree
‘Then he climbs far up that old tree with her.’ 122 xʷi əxʷ gʷəstab xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=stab
NEG=now
SBJ=what
‘There is nothing.’ 123 It’s all dried no leaves nothing, old dead cedar tree 124
u ʷtxʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷədiˑ di i šəq u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ go–ECS=now
dxʷ– al
kʷədi
di i
šq
CNTRPT–at
REM.DMA
yonder
high
‘He takes her way up to the very top.’ 125 gʷəl (h)uy ahədəxʷ tsi i gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
əgʷas ʷu ʷəy
a–t=axʷ
tsi i
be.there–ICS=now
DIST:FEM
əgʷas–s
ʷu ʷəy
wife–3PO
little.diver
‘And then he put his wife, Little Diver, there.’ 126 punishdidəxʷ al ti i šəq punish–di–t=axʷ punish–SS–ICS=now
al ti i at
DIST
šq high
‘He punishes her there up high.’ 127 The highest ... right in the highest place where he can put her on, hang her on 128 She just make her sit down right there so she could stay, she couldn’t get out
Martha Williams Lamont
129 punishdəxʷ tsi i
279
ʷu ʷəy Diver
punish–t=axʷ
tsi i
punish–ICS=now
DIST:FEM
ʷu ʷəy
Diver
little.diver
Diver
‘He punishes Little Diver, Diver.’ 130 And this sbəq’ʷa went 131 Pretty near killed this ušəbabdxʷ ’ət pretty
nearly
killed
this
pretty
nearly
killed
this
ušəbabdxʷ poor.dear
’ət kingfisher
‘And he pretty nearly killed this poor Kingfisher.’ 132 tuləsc’udəxʷ kʷi tusaxʷəbs tu=ləs–c’ud=axʷ
kʷi
tu=s=saxʷəb=s
PAST=PROG.STAT–weak=now
REM
PAST=NM=jump=3PO
‘He had become weak from his running.’ 133 hay ahəxʷ ti i sbəq’ʷa hay
a=axʷ
SCONJ
be.there=now
ti i
sbəq’ʷa
DIST
heron
‘So, there is Heron.’ 134
ʷul’əxʷ əs ə id ti i s a ə cədi tu əgʷas al ti i t’aq’t ʷul’=axʷ only=now
as– ə id STAT–what.happen
tu= əgʷas–s PAST=wife–3PO
al ti i at
DIST
ti i
s= a
DIST
NM=be.there
ə
cədi
PR
s/he
t’aq’t inland
‘Just what happened to his ex-wife at that (place) up from shore?’ 135 haˑ ləb kʷa ha l–b
kʷa
good–MD
PTCL
‘(The weather) is nice.’ 136 ha ləb slə il ha l–b
slə –il
good–MD
daylight–INCH
‘It is a nice day.’
280
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
137 hay gʷəl huy cutəxʷ ti acəc iišəds alalš ə tsi ə gət ʷu ʷəy hay
gʷəl
huy
cut=axʷ
ti acəc
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
UNQ
al–alš
ə
PL–cross.sex.sibling
PR
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
tsi ə
gət
ʷu ʷəy
PROX:FEM
guy
little.diver
‘So then her relatives spoke, the brothers of this gal, Little Diver.’ 138
alalš ti i i
ista b ti acəc ista b …
al–alš–s
ti i i
PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
ista b
PL–DIST
ti acəc
be.like
UNQ
ista b be.like
‘Those who are like her older brothers, the very ones who are like ...’ 139 stab kʷi sda atəb əlgʷə stab
kʷi
s=da a–t–b=s
əlgʷə
what
REM
NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘What are their names?’ 140
ə ayu
3
Levi Lamont: ‘??’ 141 No ti i stab ti i stab divers ... no
ti i
stab
ti i
stab
divers
no
DIST
what
DIST
what
divers
Martha Lamont: ‘No, something, something, divers ...’ 142 stab əw’ə … swuqʷad stab
əw’ə
swuqʷad
what
PTCL
loon
‘What is it? Loon!’ 143
i swuqʷad i əwawq’ əwawq’ i CONJ
swuqʷad loon
i CONJ
əwawq’
əwawq’
Big.Diver
Big.Diver
‘Yes, Loon and Big Diver, Big Diver.’ 144
sə sa li ti i brothers ə tsi ə cədi səsa li
ti i
brothers
ə
two:HMN
DIST
brothers
PR
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘She has two brothers.’
__________ 3
Possibly a variation on s aʔus ‘big river sawbill’.
Martha Williams Lamont
145 di
281
a kʷ
di
a kʷ seaward
FOC
‘They are out on the water.’ 146 ƛ’upədᶻatu əlgʷə a kʷ ti i alalš ƛ’u=pədᶻatu əlgʷə a kʷ HAB=duck.hunt
ti i
seaward
PL
DIST
al–alš–s PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Her brothers are always duck-hunting out on the water.’ 147 gʷəl upədᶻatu əlgʷə gʷəl u–pədᶻatu SCONJ
əlgʷə
PFV–duck.hunt
PL
‘And they duck-hunt.’ 148 gʷəl ucuuc gʷəl
u–cut–c
SCONJ
PFV–say–ALTV
‘And she speaks to them.’ 149
əsluud əlgʷə ti i s uƛ’əladi s as–lu–t STAT–hear–ICS
al kʷədi t’aq’t
əlgʷə
ti i
s= u–ƛ’əladi =s
PL
DIST
NM=PFV–make.noise=3PO
al kʷədi at
t’aq’t inland ‘They hear that noise from up on shore.’ 150
əbil’əxʷ diˑ ši d alalš kʷ(i )upədᶻatu əbil’=axʷ
di
perhaps=now FOC u–pədᶻatu
4
kʷi
d– al–alš
kʷi
REM
1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
REM
PFV–duck.hunt
‘♪ “If those be my brothers who are duck hunting. ♪’ 151 gʷəl səsa li əlgʷə hə iˑ gʷəl
səsa li
əlgʷə
hə i
SCONJ
two:HMN
PL
hey
‘♪ “And they be two, oooh.” ♪’
__________ 4
The pronunciation of kʷi as ši is typical of the speech of birds.
REM.DMA
282
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
152 səsa li əlgʷə səsa li
əlgʷə
two:HMN
PL
‘They are two.’ 153
əbil’əxʷ diˑ ši d alalš kʷ(i )upədᶻatu əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now
u–pədᶻatu
di
kʷi
d– al–alš
kʷi
FOC
REM
1SG.PO–PL–cross.sex.sibling
REM PFV–duck.hunt
‘♪ “If those be my brothers who are duck hunting. ♪’ 154 gʷəl səsa li əlgʷə hə iˑ gʷəl
səsa li
əlgʷə
hə i
SCONJ
two:HMN
PL
hey
‘♪ “And they be two, oooh.” ♪’ 155 luud əxʷ u ti i lu–t
uƛ’əladi
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
hear–ICS
u
ti i
INT
DIST
u–ƛ’əladi PFV–make.noise
‘ “Do you hear someone making noise?’ 156 ləli
u ts(i) ad alš tsi
ləli
u
different
INT
ucucut
tsi
ad– alš
tsi
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling
SPEC:FEM
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘ “Is the one who is talking someone other than your sister?” ’ 157 huy cutəb ə ti huy
cut–t–b
ə
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti SPEC
‘Then it is said by him,’ 158
əsluud əd as–lu–t
əd
STAT–hear–ICS
1SG.SUB
‘ “I hear it.” ’ 159 gʷəl ə ti di ts(i) ad alš tsi ucucut gʷəl SCONJ
ə ‿ti seemingly
di
tsi
ad– alš
tsi
FOC
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling
SPEC:FEM
Martha Williams Lamont
283
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘ “And it seems to be your sister who is talking.’ 160
u ə idəxʷ al tuˑdi šəq ə tə əšab ti ə [s]ucucuts u– ə id=axʷ
al tudi
PFV–what.happen=now
at
šq
DIST.DMA
ə
high
PR
tə NSPEC
as–šab STAT–dry
s= u–cut–cut=s NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘ “What is she doing talking way over there up a dry (cedar tree)?’ 161 xʷu ələ
ə kʷi s alalustubs
xʷu ələ
ə
maybe
PR
kʷi
s= alalus–txʷ–b=s
REM
NM=happen–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘ “I guess something has been done to her.’ 162
ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ xʷu ələ
ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa
u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now
xʷu ələ
ə
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
maybe
PR
PROX
heron
əp– pay •ac
kʷi
s= a=s
REM
NM=be.there=3PO
‘ “I guess Heron has beaten her.” ’ 163 hay aliləxʷ əlgʷə hay SCONJ
alil=axʷ
əlgʷə
go.ashore=now
PL
‘So, they go ashore.’ 164 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
go=now
PL
‘Then they go.’ 165
ad ə ti ə cədi ad where
ə PR
əp pay ac kʷi s as
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
DSTR–cedar•tree
‘ “Where in these cedars is she?” ’ 166 tiləb ušudxʷ əlgʷə ti i stuligʷəd tiləb immediately
u–šu –dxʷ PFV–see–DC
əlgʷə
ti i
stuligʷəd
PL
DIST
blood
‘Suddenly they see the blood.’
ti ə PROX
284
167
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
əsk’ʷə
al ti i cədi
as–k’ʷə
al ti i
STAT–spill
at
DIST
pay dxʷgʷəd cədi
pay
s/he
cedar
dxʷ–gʷəd CNTRPT–down
‘It is pouring down from the cedar.’ 168
uˑ tudi šəq əw’ə tə s as u INTJ
tudi
šq
əw’ə
tə
s= a=s
DIST.DMA
high
PTCL
NSPEC
NM=be.there=3PO
‘ “Oh, way up high is where she is.’ 169 šəq tsi i s əscaq’abactubs šq
tsi i
s= as–caq’•abac–txʷ–b=s
high
DIST:FEM
NM=STAT–impaled•body–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘ “She who has been impaled is up there.” ’ 170 huy hay cutəxʷ huy
hay
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
‘So then (one of the brothers) says,’ 171 stab kʷi gʷəshuy ə stab
kʷi
gʷə=s=huyu
what
REM
SBJ=NM=made
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “What shall we do?’ 172
əs al kʷi gʷəkʷədxʷ kʷi gʷə u ʷ gʷəkʷata gʷə u ʷ gʷə uq’ʷutəb tul’ al dəxʷ as as– al STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ
REM
SBJ=taken–DC
kʷi
gʷə= u ʷ gʷə=kʷata
gʷə= u ʷ
REM
SBJ=go
SBJ=go
SBJ=climb
gʷə= u–q’ʷu–t–b
tul’– al
dəxʷ= a=s
SBJ=PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS
CNTRFG–at
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘ “How can (anyone) get her, go, climb up, go, pull her off from where she is?’ 173 gʷəl gʷəxʷit’il dxʷgʷəd dxʷ al ti i
a gʷəkʷədxʷ
gʷəl
gʷə=xʷit’il
dxʷ–gʷəd
dxʷ– al
ti i
SCONJ
SBJ=descend
CNTRPT–down
CNTRPT–at
DIST
a 1PL.COORD
gʷə=kʷəda–dxʷ SBJ=taken–DC
‘ “And get back down from that (tree) and manage to take her?” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
174 ƛ’ub ə xʷu ələ ƛ’ub well
ə
285
uq’ʷu əd kʷi bəkʷ stab tit ul’bixʷ xʷu ələ
1PL.SUB
u–q’ʷu –t
maybe
PFV–gathered–ICS
kʷi
bək’ʷ stab
REM
all
what
tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “Maybe we should gather all kinds of small animals,’ 175 day’ tsi tsi i bəstab stab tit ul’bixʷ little tit ul’bixʷ day’ uniquely
tsi –tsi i
bə=stab
stab
tit ul’bixʷ
little
ATTN–DIST:FEM
ADD=what
what
small.animal
little
tit ul’bixʷ small.animal ‘ “Only that kind, any type of small animals, little small animals.’ 176 ƛ’ub u tabəd ƛ’ub
u
taba–t
well
INT
do–ICS
‘ “Who can do it?” ’ 177 tiləbəxʷ ucut ti ə dii ’u tiləb=axʷ
u–cut
immediately=now
PFV–say
ti ə
dii ’u
PROX
one:HMN
‘Right away one says,’ 178 xʷi xʷi NEG
ə ti ƛ’al’ ə gʷəbəgʷiid ti i ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd ə ‿ti
ƛ’al’
seemingly
also
ə 1PL.SUB
gʷə=bə=gʷihi–t
ti i
ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd
SBJ=ADD=invite–ICS
DIST
sapsucker
‘ “No, it seems we should also invite Sapsucker.’
5
179 ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd tə ƛ’u uˑ ʷ ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd
tə
ƛ’u= u ʷ
sapsucker
NSPEC
HAB=go
‘ “Sapsucker would be the one to go.’
__________ 5
The word for sapsucker, ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd, can be analyzed as a diminutive/attenuative reduplication of ƛ’iq ‘be sticky’ plus the lexical suffix for foot, -šəd, giving the literal meaning ‘little sticky-foot’, which is the name used for this animal in Hess 1998.
286
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
180 ƛ’udᶻəldᶻəlalap ƛ’u=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap HAB=DSTR–turn•leg
‘ “He would go around and around the tree trunk.’ 181 ƛ’ukʷata dxʷšəq ƛ’u=kʷata
dxʷ–šq
HAB=climb
CNTRPT–high
‘ “He would climb up high.’ 182 di
ə gʷəkʷədad ti i
di FOC
ə 1PL.SUB
gʷə=kʷəda–t
ti i
SBJ=taken–ICS
DIST
‘ “He is the one we should get.” ’ 183 gʷəl tə ə tə gʷəl
tə –ə –tə
SCONJ
DSTR–INTNS–truly
‘And it is true.’ 184 hay gʷəl gʷə uq’ʷutəb hay
gʷəl
gʷə= u–q’ʷu–t–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
SBJ=PFV–gathered–ICS–PASS
‘ “And so she could be pulled off.’ 185 gʷəl gʷəxʷit’il dxʷgʷəd gʷəl
gʷə=xʷit’il
dxʷ–gʷəd
SCONJ
SBJ=descend
CNTRPT–down
‘ “And he could drop her down.’ 186 gʷə ad ə kʷi q’ʷas tə dulic’a gʷədəxʷit’ils gʷə= a–t SBJ=be.there–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
kʷi
q’ʷastədulic’a
gʷə=dəxʷ=xʷit’il=s
REM
blanket
SBJ=ADNM=descend=3PO
‘ “We could put a dog-and-goat-hair-blanket where she will fall.’ 187
udi a əxʷ kʷi qa aci talbixʷ u=di a =axʷ IRR=PROX.DMA=now
kʷi
qa
REM
many
‘ “There will be a lot of people here.’
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
188
287
asgʷiid ə qa aci talbixʷ u= as–gʷihi–t
ə
IRR=STAT–invite–ICS
qa
1PL.SUB
aci talbixʷ
many
people
‘ “We will invite a lot of people.” ’ 189 huy t axʷ t axʷ ti i qa aci talbixʷ huy
t =axʷ
t =axʷ
ti i
qa
SCONJ
truly=now
truly=now
DIST
many
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then truly, truly there were a lot of people.’ 190
uq’ʷu əd u–q’ʷu –t PFV–gathered–ICS
‘(The brothers) gather them.’ 191
ahəxʷ ə ti gʷədalap ə ti dəxʷ ahəxʷ ə tsi i a=axʷ
ə
be.there=now
PR
ti
gʷəd•alap
ə
SPEC
down•leg
PR
ti
dəxʷ= a=axʷ
SPEC
ADNM=be.there=now
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘They are there at the base (of the tree) where she is.’ 192
adəxʷ kʷi sbəq’ʷa ad=axʷ where=now
kʷi
sbəq’ʷa
REM
heron
‘Where is Heron?’ 193
ʷul’əxʷ əs a əy’il ʷul’=axʷ
as– a– ayil
only=now
STAT–ATTN–hide
‘He is just sort of skulking about.’ 194
əs adᶻil as– ac–il STAT–hidden–INCH
‘He is hiding.’ 195 hay u ʷəxʷ hay SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘So, they go.’
ə PR
288
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
196 gʷiitəb ti ə cədi tit ul’bixʷ gʷihi–t–b
ti ə
cədi
tit ul’bixʷ
invite–ICS–PASS
PROX
s/he
small.animal
‘These small animals are invited.’ 197 ƛ’ukʷata kʷi i kʷələq ƛ’u=kʷata
kʷi
HAB=climb
REM
i –kʷələq PRTV–others
‘Some climb.’ 198 gʷəl ʷul’ halfway gʷəl SCONJ
ʷul’
halfway
only
halfway
‘And only halfway.’ 199 gʷəl ƛ’ubəxʷit’il gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=xʷit’il
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=descend
‘And they fall.’ 200 tugive up əlgʷə tu=give.up
əlgʷə
PAST=give.up
PL
‘They gave up.’ 201
u ʷ ti i stabidup bird u ʷ go
ti i
stabidup
bird
DIST
another.kind
bird
‘Another kind goes, a bird.’ 202 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 203
ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷit’il ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=bə=xʷit’il HAB=ADD=descend
‘It just fell too.’
Martha Williams Lamont
289
204 huy u ʷəxʷ kʷsi stab... kʷi sda atəbs... huy
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
SCONJ
kʷsi
stab
kʷi
s=da a–t–b=s
REM:FEM
what
REM
NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘Then something goes ... What is it called?’ 205 ƛ’al’ bətit ul’bixʷ ƛ’al’
bə=tit ul’bixʷ
also
ADD=small.animal
‘It is also a small animal.’ 206 but gʷəl halfway ti ə cədi but
gʷəl
halfway
ti ə
cədi
but
SCONJ
halfway
PROX
s/he
‘But this one (gets just) halfway.’ 207 gʷəl ƛ’al’ bəd ʷal’igʷəd gʷəl
ƛ’al’
bə=dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd
SCONJ
also
ADD=CTD–failed•inside.body
‘And it also gives up.’ 208
u ʷəxʷ ti ə ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
ƛ’əƛ’iq’šəd
PROX
sapsucker
‘Now Sapsucker goes.’ 209
iˑ all around al ti ə tree i
all
around
and
all
around
al at
ti ə
tree
PROX
tree
‘Yes, he goes around this tree.’ 210 lədᶻəldᶻəlalap lə=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap PROG=DSTR–turn•base
‘He is going around and around the trunk.’ 211 lədᶻəldᶻəlalap lə=dᶻəl–dᶻəl•alap PROG=DSTR–turn•base
‘He is going around and around the trunk.’
290
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
212 huy gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl u ʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ
gʷəl
go
u ʷ gʷəl
SCONJ
go
SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘And then he goes, and goes, and goes.’ 213 hay tu u ʷəxʷ tə huy sgʷa s s əshuys hay SCONJ
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
tə
huy
sgʷa –s
PAST=go=now
NSPEC
SCONJ
one’s.own–3PO
s= as–huyu=s NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘So, he went because that is how he is made.’ 214
iˑs tsi ə cədi s ʷu ʷəy il–s arrive–ALTV
tsi ə
cədi
s ʷu ʷəy
PROX:FEM
s/he
little.diver
‘He gets to Little Diver.’ 215 gʷəl uxʷəcəd tul’ al tsi i dəxʷəscaq’tubs gʷəl
u–xʷəc–t
SCONJ
PFV–removed–ICS
tul’– al
tsi i
CNTRFG–at
DIST:FEM
dəxʷ= as–caq’a–txʷ–b=s ADNM=STAT–impaled–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘And he takes her off from where she is impaled.’ 216 xʷit’iləxʷ dxʷ al tudi cədi sq’ʷas tə dulic’a xʷit’–il=axʷ
dxʷ– al
tudi
cədi
sq’ʷastədulic’a
descend–INCH=now
CNTRPT–at
DIST.DMA
s/he
blanket
‘He drops her way down onto that dog-and-goat-hair-blanket.’ 217 qahəxʷ aci talbixʷ əsq’ʷu qa=axʷ many=now
aci talbixʷ people
as–q’ʷu STAT–gathered
‘There are a lot of people gathered.’ 218 putəxʷ gʷaˑldup tə stuligʷəd al ti i tree al tudi gʷəd put=axʷ
gʷal•dup
tə
stuligʷəd
really=now
capsize•land
NSPEC
blood
al ti i at
DIST
gʷəd down ‘A great deal of blood on that tree gushes all the way down.’
tree tree
al tudi at
DIST.DMA
Martha Williams Lamont
219 hay kʷədub tsi ə
291
ʷu ʷəy
hay
kʷəda–dxʷ–b
tsi ə
SCONJ
taken–DC–PASS
PROX:FEM
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
‘So, Little Diver is rescued.’ 220 kʷədubəxʷ ə ti tubə alalšs i swuqʷad i ti i ə
kʷəda–dxʷ–b=axʷ taken–DC–PASS=now swuqʷad loon
ti
PR
i CONJ
DIST
i
PAST=ADD=PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
SPEC
ti i
əwawq’
tu=bə= al–alš–s
CONJ
əwawq’ big.diver
‘She was taken by her brothers, Loon and Big Diver.’ 221 hay tu u ʷtubəxʷ ə kʷi tus u ʷtubs tsi ə cədi tasq’iƛ’q’iƛ’ hay
tu= u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=go–ECS–PASS=now
ə PR
kʷi
tu=s= u ʷ–txʷ–b=s
REM
PAST=NM=go–ECS–PASS=3PO
tsi ə
cədi
tu= as–q’iƛ’–q’iƛ’
PROX:FEM
s/he
PAST=STAT–DSTR–wounded
‘So, the wounded one was taken by those who took her.’ 222 hay gʷəl di əxʷ tudəxʷkʷədatəbsəxʷ ti ə cədi hay SCONJ
cədi s/he
’ət ]
gʷəl
di =axʷ
tu=dəxʷ=kʷəda–t–b=s=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
FOC=now
PAST=ADNM=taken–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
PROX
’ət kingfisher
‘So, then, that is how Kingfisher was almost caught.’ 223
uˑ putəxʷ tubəxʷ ə əlal’dəxʷ u INTJ
put=axʷ
tu=bə= as–dxʷ– ə – əl–al’–t=axʷ
really=now
PAST=ADD=STAT–CTD–ATTN–DIM.EFF–chased–ICS=now
‘Oh, he was just a very little short of being caught.’ 224 gʷəl a əlal’ gʷətukʷədubəs tə cədi gʷəl
a əlal’ almost.caught
SCONJ
’ət ]
gʷə=tu=kʷəda–dxʷ–b=as
tə
cədi
SBJ=PAST=taken–DC–PASS=3SBRD
NSPEC
s/he
’ət kingfisher ‘And Kingfisher was almost caught.’
292
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
225 huy ck’ʷaqid a kʷi ƛ’u s pa s huy
ck’ʷaqid
SCONJ
always
a fast
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=pa =s
REM
HAB=NM=flee=3PO
‘Then he always flees quickly.’ 226
ʷul’əxʷ ƛ’ucaq’atəb ʷul’=axʷ
ƛ’u=caq’a–t–b
only=now
HAB=impaled–ICS–PASS
‘He just gets speared.’ 227 gʷəl pətq gʷəl
pətq
SCONJ
skewer
‘And is pierced.’ 228 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy tukʷa dubut gʷəl
tu ʷ
huy
tu=kʷa –dxʷ–but
SCONJ
just
SCONJ
PAST=released–DC–REFL
‘But then he got himself free.’ 229
ʷul’əxʷ ləsc iˑl ti əxʷgʷədgiya ads ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ləs–c il
ti
PROG.STAT–bleed
SPEC
‘He is simply bleeding under his arms.’ 230
ʷul’əxʷ ləsc il ʷul’=axʷ
ləs–c il
only=now
PROG.STAT–bleed
‘He is simply bleeding.’ 231 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘And he goes.’ 232 saxʷəb saxʷəb jump ‘He runs.’
as–dxʷ–gʷəd•gi•ya ad–s STAT–CTD–down•axila•arm–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
233
293
ʷal’bitəb ti s ’ət ʷal’–bi–t–b fail.to.control–MAP–ICS–PASS
ti
s ’ət
SPEC
kingfisher
‘Kingfisher is not caught.’ 234 hay di əxʷ tudə ʷul’səxʷ hay
di =axʷ
tu=dəxʷ= ʷul’=s=axʷ
SCONJ
FOC=now
PAST=ADNM=only=3PO=now
‘So, that was that.’ 235 tukʷa təbəxʷ tu=kʷa –t–b=axʷ PAST=released–ICS–PASS=now
‘They let him go.’ 236 gʷəl bə u ʷəxʷ gʷəl
bə= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go=now
‘And they go again.’ 237 šuucəbəxʷ ə ti ə
alalšs i ti aci talbixʷ tsi ə cədi
šu –c–b=axʷ
ə
see–ALTV–PASS=now aci talbixʷ people
PR
ti ə PROX
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
al–alš–s
i
PL–cross.sex.sibling–3PO
CONJ
ti SPEC
‘She is seen by her brothers and the people.’ 238 tugʷəlaltəb dxʷ al tudəxʷukʷaxʷdubuts tu=gʷəlal–t–b
dxʷ– al
tu=dəxʷ= u–kʷaxʷ–dxʷ–but=s
PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS
CNTRPT–at
PAST=ADNM=PFV–help–DC–REFL=3PO
‘She had been beaten up because she had helped herself.’ 239
əs aləxʷ kʷi tushuyutəbs as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now
kʷi
tu=s=huyu–t–b=s
REM
PAST=NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘What was done to her?’ 240 tuba atəbəxʷ xʷu ələ
ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
tu=ba a–t–b=axʷ
xʷu ələ
ə
PAST=shaman.cure–ICS–PASS=now
maybe
PR
‘Perhaps the people treated her by shaman curing.’
ti ə PROX
aci talbixʷ people
294
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
241 gʷəl tuƛ’ub il dubut tsi acəc cədi s ušəbabdxʷ ʷu ʷəy gʷəl SCONJ
tu=ƛ’ub–il–dxʷ–but
tsi acəc
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
PAST=well–INCH–DC–REFL
UNQ:FEM
s/he
poor.guy
ʷu ʷəy little.diver ‘And poor Little Diver managed to make herself well.’ 242
uqədbid ti ə s ’ət ti ə dəxʷgʷəlaltəbs ə ti ə s ’istxʷs sbəq’ʷa u–qəd–bi–t PFV–fornicate–MAP–ICS
ti ə
s ’ət
PROX
kingfisher
dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b–s
ə
ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS–3PO
PR
ti ə PROX
ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
husband–3PO
heron
‘She has committed adultery with Kingfisher, which is why she was beaten by her husband, Heron.’ 243 ha
ti i ƛ’usəšuucəb ə ti i s ’istxʷs sbəq’ʷa
ha
ti i
ƛ’u=s= as–šu –c–b
good
DIST
HAB=NM=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS
ə
ti i
s ’istxʷ–s
PR
DIST
husband–3PO
sbəq’ʷa heron ‘Her husband, Heron, would look after her well.’ 244 ƛ’u ə idil ƛ’u= ə id–il HAB=what.happen–INCH
‘It would be every now and then.’ 245 gʷəl lək’ʷit’ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ gʷəl
lə=k’ʷit’
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
SCONJ
PROG=shoreward
PROX
poor.guy
‘That poor guy is going down to the water’s edge.’ 246 gʷəl ləsa ad ti ə ǰəsǰəsəds gʷəl
lə=sa a–t
ti ə
ǰəs–ǰəsəd–s
SCONJ
PROG=scrape–ICS
PROX
DSTR–leg–3PO
‘And he is scraping his legs.’ 247 ləqʷibid lə=qʷibi–t PROG=prepared–ICS
‘He is fixing them.’
Martha Williams Lamont
295
248 hay gʷəl uxʷi xʷi əxʷ ə kʷi stab hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=xʷi xʷi =axʷ
ə
IRR=hunt=now
PR
kʷi
stab
REM
what
‘So he will fish for something.’ 249 di us ilyids tsi ə di
əgʷas tsi ə
u=s= il–yi–t=s IRR=NM=arrive–DAT–ICS=3PO
FOC
əgʷas–s
PROX:FEM
wife–3PO
‘That is what he will bring for his wife.’ 250 gʷəl əxʷcutəbitəb ə ti i səs ə s gʷəl
as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b
SCONJ
STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
s= as– =s
PR
DIST
NM=STAT–sick=3PO
‘And he thinks that she is sick.’ 251 yə i əscut ti i sucucuts yə i because
as–cut
ti i
s= u–cut–cut=s
STAT–say
DIST
NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘Because she says she is.’ 252 gʷəhaw’ə əxʷ tu ʷ qahigʷəds ti i dəxʷucucuts gʷəhaw’ə =axʷ
tu ʷ
s=qa•igʷəd=s
ti i
seemingly=now
just
NM=many•inside.body=3PO
DIST
dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s ADNM=PFV–DSTR–speak=3PO
‘Apparently, she is just being deceitful, which is why she is saying it.’ 253
uqədəb əw’ə ə ti ə cədi s ’ət ti ə tusuhuy ə tsi ə u–qəd–b PFV–fornicate–MD
əw’ə
ə
PTCL
PR
tu=s= u–huyu
ə
PAST=NM=PFV–made
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
tsi ə PROX:FEM
ʷu ʷəy
s ’ət
ti ə
kingfisher
PROX
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
‘She has sex with Kingfisher, that is what Little Diver did.’ 254 cick’ʷ sa ti ə tusuhuy ə tsi ə
ʷu ʷəy ti ə sbəq’ʷa s ušəbadəxʷ
cick’ʷ sa
ti ə
tu=s= u–huyu
very
PROX
PAST=NM=PFV–made
bad sbəq’ʷa
s ušəbadəxʷ
heron
poor.guy
ə PR
tsi ə PROX:FEM
‘It is very bad what Little Diver did to Heron, poor guy.’
ʷu ʷəy little.diver
ti ə PROX
296
Little Diver Is the Wife of Heron
255 gʷəl tuha
əšuucəb ə ti ə sbəq’ʷa
gʷəl
tu=ha
SCONJ
PAST=good
as–šu –c–b
ə
STAT–see–ALTV–PASS
PR
ti ə
sbəq’ʷa
PROX
heron
‘And Heron looked after her well.’ 256 And she done worse 257 gʷəl tuhuyud ti ə sa gʷəl
tu=huyu–t
ti ə
sa
SCONJ
PAST=made–ICS
PROX
bad
‘And she had done something bad.’ 258 hay qədbaxʷ ə ti ə sdukʷ s ’ət hay
qəd–b=axʷ
SCONJ
fornicate–CSMD=now
ə PR
ti ə
s–dukʷu
s ’ət
PROX
NP–abnormal
kingfisher
‘So, she had sex with this low-life Kingfisher.’ 259 di tu ʷul’ tubə a di
tu= ʷul’
tu=bə= a
FOC
PAST=only
PAST=ADD=arrive.there
‘It was he who just kept arriving there.’ 260 gʷəl tuhuy ti i tusuhuys əlgʷə tusuqədəbs ə ti ʷul’ gʷəl
tu=huyu
ti i
tu=s= u–huyu=s
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=made
DIST
PAST=NM=PFV–made=3PO
PL
tu=s= u–qəd–b=s
ə ‿ti
PAST=NM=PFV–fornicate–CSMD=3PO
ʷul’
seemingly
only
‘And they did what they did having illicit sex just so.’ 261 yə i xʷi kʷ(i) tušac’ ə ti ə story yə i
xʷi
kʷi
tu=šac’
because
NEG
REM
PAST=end
‘Because this story does not end.’ 262
ʷul’ əs ista ʷul’ only
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘That’s just how it is.’
ə PR
ti ə
story
PROX
story
Martha Williams Lamont
297
Crow Is Sick (First Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs istab tsi i k’a k’a as– ista –b STAT–be.like–MD
i ti i
alš qaw’qs
tsi i
k’a k’a
DIST:FEM
crow
i
ti i
CONJ
DIST
alš
qaw’qs
cross.sex.sibling
raven
‘Crow and her brother Raven are like this.’ 2
huy gʷəl qa ti i s ə əd ə tsi i k’a k’a huy
gʷəl
qa
ti i
s ə əd
SCONJ
SCONJ
many
DIST
food
ə PR
tsi i
k’a k’a
DIST:FEM
crow
‘And then Crow has a lot of food.’ 3
qaˑ ti i s ə əd s u əbs əšab s uladxʷ əšab qa
ti i
s ə əd s u əb–s
many
DIST
food
as–šab STAT–dry
dog.salmon–3PO
s uladxʷ salmon
as–šab STAT–dry
‘She has a lot of food, dried dog salmon, dried salmon.’ 4
hay gʷəl əsxʷ iləxʷ say ti ə qaw’qs alšs hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
as–xʷə il=axʷ STAT–be.worked.up=now
say
ti ə
qaw’qs
upset
PROX
raven
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘And so Raven, her brother, is beside himself.’ 5
əsxʷ iləxʷ say ti ə qaw’qs as–xʷə il=axʷ STAT–be.worked.up=now
say
ti ə
qaw’qs
upset
PROX
raven
‘Raven is beside himself.’ 6
əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷlək’ʷdxʷyids tsi ə as– al STAT–how
alšs ə ti ə
s ə əds
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t=s
tsi ə
REM
SBJ=ADNM=eaten–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO
PROX:FEM
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
ə PR
ti ə
s ə əd–s
PROX
food–3PO
‘How can he eat his sister’s food?’
__________ 1
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).
298
7
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
huy hikʷ əsc’ap’ ti ə qaw’qs huy
hikʷ
SCONJ
big
as–c’ap’ STAT–ill.bred
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Raven is very ill-bred.’ 8
əscəqʷ as–cəqʷ STAT–greedy
‘He is greedy.’ 9
hikʷ dxʷs ə əd hikʷ
dxʷs– ə əd
big
PROC–feed.on
‘He is a glutton.’ 10 hiq’ʷəbyid tsi ə
alšs ə ti i s ə əds
hiq’ʷəb–yi–t
tsi ə
alš–s
covet–DAT–ICS
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
ə
ti i
s ə əd–s
PR
DIST
food–3PO
‘He covets his sister’s food.’ 11 gʷəl xʷi əxʷ gʷəsəsaydxʷs əs al əs kʷi udəxʷhuydxʷs kʷi gʷədəxʷləkʷdxʷs ti i s ə əd ə tsi ə gʷəl SCONJ
alš
xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
u=dəxʷ=huyu–dxʷ=s IRR=ADNM=made–DC=3PO
ə PR
tsi ə
as– al=as
kʷi
STAT–how=3SBRD
gʷə=dəxʷ=ləkʷ–dxʷ=s
ti i
s ə əd
REM
SBJ=ADNM=eaten–DC=3PO
DIST
food
alš–s
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘But he does not know how he will do it, how he can eat his sister’s food.’ 12 qa ti i s ə əds qa
ti i
s ə əd–s
many
DIST
food–3PO
REM
kʷi
‘She has a lot of food.’ 13 s u b ti i səscuucəbs ti ə s uladxʷ su b
ti i
s= as–cut–c–b=s
ti ə
s uladxʷ
dog.salmon
DIST
NM=STAT–say–ALTV–PASS=3PO
PROX
salmon
‘What this salmon is said to be is dog salmon.’
Martha Williams Lamont
299
14 huˑy huyudəxʷ ti i s ə dxʷ al kʷi dəxʷ ə
ə tsi ə
alšs
huy
huyu–t=axʷ
ti i
s=
dxʷ– al
kʷi
dəxʷ=
SCONJ
made–ICS=now
DIST
NM=sick
CNTRPT–at
REM
ADNM=sick
ə
tsi ə
PR
alš–s
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Then he makes an illness so that his sister gets sick.’ 15 huy xʷda əb ti ə qaw’qs huy
xʷda əb
ti ə
qaw’qs
SCONJ
shaman
PROX
raven
‘Then Raven is a medicine man.’ 16 huyidəxʷ ə kʷi dəxʷ ə s t s i ə huyu–yi–t=axʷ
ə
made–DAT–ICS=now
PR
alšs
kʷi
dəxʷ= =s
tsi ə
REM
ADNM=sick=3PO
PROX:FEM
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO ‘He makes it for his sister so that she gets sick.’ 17 huy
axʷ t s i ə k’a k’a
huy
=axʷ
SCONJ
sick=now
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
‘Then this Crow is sick.’ 18
axʷ tsi k’a k’a =axʷ sick=now
tsi
k’a k’a
SPEC:FEM
crow
‘Crow is sick.’ 19 gʷəl (h)uy agəqəxʷ gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
agəq=axʷ groan=now
‘And then she groans.’ 20 xʷi əxʷ gʷəsaydxʷs əs al əs kʷi udəxʷəli s xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s=hay–dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=known–DC=3PO
as– al=as STAT–how=3SBRD
u=dəxʷ=həli =s IRR=ADNM=alive=3PO
‘She does not know how she is going to recover.’
kʷi REM
300
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
21 tiˑləxʷ ucutəb ə ti ə
alšs
til=axʷ
u–cut–t–b
immediately=now
ə
PFV–say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə PROX
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Right away she is spoken to by her brother,’ 22
a ti i adəxʷhuy əs ista a be.there
ənimulica
ti i
ad=dəxʷ=huyu
DIST
2SG.PO=ADNM=made
as– ista
ənimulica
STAT–be.like
Xenimulitsa
‘ “There is a reason you are this way, Xenimulitsa.” ’ 23 di sda s gʷə di
aci talbixʷ həla b sda s tsi i k’a k’a
s=da a=s
gʷə
NM=named=3PO
FOC
ASSC
tsi i
k’a k’a
DIST:FEM
crow
aci talbixʷ people
həla b
s=da a=s
really
NM=named=3PO
‘That is her Indian name, the real name of Crow.’ 24 xʷi lək’a k’a xʷi
lə=k’a k’a
NEG
NEG=crow
‘It is not k’aʔk’aʔ.’ 25
ənimulica ti i sda s ənimulica
ti i
s=da a=s
Xenimulitsa
DIST
NM=named=3PO
‘Xenimulitsa is her name.’ 26
a ti i adəxʷ ə
ənimulica
a
ti i
ad=dəxʷ=
DIST
2SG.PO=ADNM=sick
be.there
ənimulica Xenimulitsa
‘ “There is a reason you are sick, Xenimulitsa.’ 27 yaw’ əd gʷəba acid yaw’ only.if
əd
gʷə=ba a–t–sid
1SG.SUB
SBJ=cure–ICS–2SG.OBJ
‘ “Only if I perform a shaman cure for you.” ’ 28 cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə
alšs
cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘She is spoken to by her brother.’
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
301
29 cutəxʷ t s i ə k’a k’a cut=axʷ
tsi ə
k’a k’a
say=now
PROX:FEM
crow
‘Crow says,’ 30 ƛ’ub əxʷ u ušəbic ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
u– ušəb–bi–t–s
2SG.SUB
PFV–pity–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “You should pity me.’ 31 huy əd u ə huy
əd
u–
1SG.SUB
SCONJ
PFV–sick
‘ “Because I am sick.’ 32 ƛ’ub əxʷ ušəbic xʷa ba ac ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
ušəb–bi–t–s
2SG.SUB
xʷa
pity–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ
2SG.COORD
ba a–t–s cure–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “You should pity me and cure me.” ’ 33 huy ba əxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy
ba =axʷ
ti ə
qaw’qs
SCONJ
cure=now
PROX
raven
‘Then Raven performs the curing-ceremony.’ 34 gʷədiləxʷ gʷəd–il=axʷ down–INCH=now ‘He sits down.’ 35 gʷəl qʷibicutəxʷ gʷəl
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
‘And he prepares himself.’ 36 kʷədad ti ə qʷu dəxʷuc’agʷa i bs ə ti ə sba s kʷəda–t
ti ə
qʷu
dəxʷ= u–c’a kʷ•a i –b=s
taken–ICS
PROX
water
ADNM=PFV–washed•hand–MD=3PO
s=ba =s NM=cure=3PO
‘He takes water to wash his hands for the curing-ceremony.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
302
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
37 huy ba adəxʷ t s i ə
alšs
huy
ba a–t=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
cure–ICS=now
PROX:FEM
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Then he treats his sister.’ 38
iləxʷ ti ə qaw’qs il=axʷ sing=now
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Raven sings.’ 39
ilidəxʷ ti i xʷda əbs ili–t=axʷ sing–ICS=now
ti i
xʷda əb–s
DIST
shaman–3PO
‘That medicine man sings,’ 40
udxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbab dᶻə tsi ənimulica u–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab PFV–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD
ə kʷi s u uməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsi ənimulica PTCL
kʷi
s u b–s
st’əlu b–s
REM
dog.salmon–3PO
king.salmon–3PO
SPEC:FEM
Xenimulitsa
ə PR
‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and dried king salmon. ♪’ 41 hu hu hu hu u hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oho ho ho ho ... ♪’ 42
udxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbab dᶻə tsi ənimulica u–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab PFV–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD
ə kʷi s u uməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsi ənimulica PTCL
kʷi
s u b–s
st’əlu b–s
REM
dog.salmon–3PO
king.salmon–3PO
SPEC:FEM
Xenimulitsa
ə PR
‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and dried king salmon. ♪’ 43
u hu hu hu u huˑ hu u hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oho hoo hoho ho ho ho ...” ♪’
44 huy gʷəl tut’əqʷ ti i qaw’qs huy
tu=t’qʷu
ti i
qaw’qs
SCONJ
PAST=snap.in.two
DIST
raven
‘And then Raven stopped the song.’
Martha Williams Lamont
303
45 gʷəl cuuc gʷəl
cut–c
SCONJ
say–ALTV
‘And he says to her,’ 46
əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəbəb əxʷ ə ti aci talbixʷ ə t(i) ads ə əd ti ads u b as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab
əxʷ
STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD
ə PR
ə
2SG.SUB PR
ti SPEC
ti
ad=s– ə əd
ti
ad–s u b
SPEC
2SG.PO=food
SPEC
2SG.PO–dog.salmon
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “The people want to eat your food, your dog salmon.’ 47 ti i adəxʷ ə ti i
ad=dəxʷ=
DIST
2SG.PO=ADNM=sick
‘ “That’s why you are sick.’ 48 gʷəl yaw’ əxʷ k’ʷə upigʷəd xʷa uhəli gʷəl
yaw’
SCONJ
only.if
əxʷ
k’ʷə
2SG.SUB
u=pigʷəd
xʷa
IRR=sing.power.song
QTV
2SG.COORD
‘ “And only if you put on a spirit power ceremony will you recover.” ’ 49 huy cutəxʷ tsi ə
ənimulica k’a k’a
huy
cut=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
say=now
PROX:FEM
ənimulica Xenimulitsa
k’a k’a crow
‘Then Xenimulitsa, Crow, says,’ 50 ƛ’ub əd upigʷəd ƛ’ub well
əd
u–pigʷəd
1SG.SUB
PFV–sing.power.song
‘ “I should put on a spirit power ceremony.’ 51 yə i əd huy əxʷəli dubutəb yə i
əd
because
1SG.SUB
huy SCONJ
as–dxʷ–həli –dxʷ–but–ab STAT–CTD–alive–DC–REFL–DSD
‘ “Because I want to make myself well.’ 52 ƛ’ub əd ƛ’ub well
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I should.’
u=həli IRR=alive
304
53
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
ugʷiid əxʷ kʷi aci talbixʷ u=gʷihi–t
əxʷ
IRR=invite–ICS
kʷi
2SG.SUB
REM
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “You will invite the people.’ 54 gʷəl gʷə əƛ əlgʷə gʷəl
gʷə= əƛ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SBJ=come
PL
‘ “And they can come.” ’ 55 cutəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs cut=axʷ
ti ə
qaw’qs
say=now
PROX
raven
‘Raven says,’ 56 xʷi gʷədsgʷiid əlgʷə xʷi
gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t
əlgʷə
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS
PL
‘ “I won’t invite them.’ 57
ʷul’ əd ulə u ʷtxʷ ti ə ʷul’
əd
only
ads ə txʷ ads ild əlgʷə
u=lə= u ʷ–txʷ
ti ə
IRR=PROG=go–ECS
1SG.SUB
PROX
u=ad=s= il–t
u=ad=s= ə –txʷ IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.fed–ECS
əlgʷə
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=give.food–ECS
PL
‘ “I will just take what you will feed them, what food you will give them.’ 58
ʷul’ əd uləsaxʷəbtxʷ əd a ulə ahəd əlgʷə tə aci talbixʷ ə ti i s ə əd ʷul’ only
əd
u=lə=saxʷəb–txʷ
1SG.SUB
əda
IRR=PROG=jump–ECS
əlgʷə
tə
PL
NSPEC
aci talbixʷ people
u=lə= a–t
1SG.COORD
ə
ti i
s ə əd
PR
DIST
food
IRR=PROG=be.there–ICS
‘ “I will just run it to them and I will distribute that food to the people.” ’ 59 ƛ’uˑb ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
60 huy pigʷədəxʷ tsi ə
305
ənimulica k’a k’a
huy
pigʷəd=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
sing.power.song=now
PROX:FEM
ənimulica
k’a k’a
Xenimulitsa
crow
‘Then Xenimulitsa, Crow, sings her spirit power song,’ 61 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑ2 xʷi =axʷ
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap
ə
NEG=now
NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
PR
kʷi
k’a k’a
REM
Crow
kʷi
k’a k’a
REM
Crow
kʷi
k’a k’a
REM
Crow
‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 62
ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now
dxʷhi idə
kʷi
abundance.of.food
REM
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 63 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑha xʷi =axʷ
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap
ə
NEG=now
NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
PR
‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 64
ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now
dxʷhi idə
kʷi
abundance.of.food
REM
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 65 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’aˑha xʷi =axʷ
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap
NEG=now
NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
ə PR
‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’
__________ 2
The second word in the line ɬudidaʔacləp is Crow’s stylized pronunciation of sudidaʔcɬəp ‘you guy’s naming of me’. This is repeated in this form throughout her song and is typical of the speech of birds in many stories; it may also serve to highlight her naïve or childish character (Hess 1998, 58). Note that when the same word is repeated in every second line in phrase-final position, it is also modified to carry the rhythm of the song, as is the word k’aʔk’aʔ ‘Crow’.
306
66
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now
dxʷhi idə
kʷi
abundance.of.food
REM
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 67
aw aw aˑw aw aw a aw aw aw a a a ‘♪ “Caw, caw, caaw caw caw cahaw caw caw caw ...” ♪’
68 haˑy cut tsi i k’a k’a hay
cut
tsi i
k’a k’a
SCONJ
say
DIST:FEM
crow
‘So, Crow speaks.’ 69 hay paq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd hay
paq’a–t–b=axʷ
ə
SCONJ
distributed–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
raven
food
‘So Raven distributes the food.’ 70 saxʷsaxʷəbtxʷəxʷ ti i s ə əd saxʷ–saxʷəb–txʷ=axʷ
ti i
s ə əd
DSTR–jump–ECS=now
DIST
food
‘He runs and runs with that food.’ 71 bələ u ʷtxʷ ti i də ’axʷ sbə bə=lə= u ʷ–txʷ
ti i
də ’axʷ
s=bə
ADD=PROG=go–ECS
DIST
once
NM=fall
‘He is taking one serving (after another).’ 72
aliləxʷ kʷi cədi al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now
ə s kʷi
cədi
REM
s/he
ə –s mind–3PO
‘Then it comes into his thoughts.’ 73
ʷul’ lə adil gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ʷul’ only
lə= ad–il
gʷəl
lə=lək’ʷ–t
PROG=where–INCH
SCONJ
PROG=eaten–ICS
‘He is just going off somewhere and he is eating it.’
PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
74
307
ʷul’ lə adil gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ʷul’ only
lə= ad–il
gʷəl
lə=lək’ʷ–t
PROG=where–INCH
SCONJ
PROG=eaten–ICS
‘He is just going off somewhere and he is eating it.’ 75
aliləxʷ ti i
ə s ti i spigʷədəxʷ ə tsi ə
al–il=axʷ
ti i
at–INCH=now
ə –s
DIST
tsi ə
mind–3PO
alšs
ti i
s=pigʷəd=axʷ
DIST
NM=sing.power.song=now
ə PR
alš–s
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘It comes into his thoughts (during) his sister’s spirit-power ceremony.’ 76 bə u ʷc ti i
i kʷəlq
bə= u ʷ–c
ti i
ADD=go–ALTV
DIST
i –kʷəlq PRTV–others
‘Again he goes after other (servings).’ 77 gʷəl bək’ʷil ti i tus ə əd ə tsi ə k’a k’a gʷəl
bək’ʷ–il
ti i
tu=s ə əd
ə
SCONJ
all–INCH
DIST
PAST=food
PR
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
‘And Crow’s food comes to be all gone.’ 78 gʷa
tu ʷ əxʷslək’ʷdubəb ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd ə tsi ə
alšs ti ə
dəxʷhuyids ə ti ə s ə . gʷa
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–b–ab
ə
STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–PASS–DSD
s ə əd food
ə PR
tsi ə
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
ti ə
PROX
raven
PROX
alš–s
PROX:FEM
ti ə
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
dəxʷ=huyu–yi–t=s NM=made–DAT–ICS=3PO
ə PR
PROX
ti ə
s=
PROX
NM=sick
‘Raven wants to eat his sister’s food so he creates this sickness for her.’ 79 haˑy huy tə spigʷəd ə tsi ənimulica hay
huy
tə
s=pigʷəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
NSPEC
NM=sing.power.song
ə PR
tsi SPEC:FEM
‘So then the spirit power ceremony of Xenimulitsa is completed.’ 80 hay gʷədiˑl hay
gʷəd–il
SCONJ
down–INCH
‘So, she sits up.’
ənimulica Xenimulitsa
308
Crow Is Sick (First Telling)
81 ƛ’ubil ƛ’ub–il well–INCH ‘She has gotten well.’ 82 hay ad ti ə s ə əd hay
ad where
SCONJ
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
‘So, where is the food?’ 83 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘It’s gone.’ 84 haydubəxʷ ə tsi ə ti ə
ənimulica ti i sxʷi s əw’ə gʷəsutə s ə ti i su ə txʷs
aci talbixʷ ə
hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ known–DC–PASS=now
tsi ə
PR
PROX:FEM
əw’ə
gʷə=s= u–tə =s
PTCL
SBJ=NM=PFV–truly=3PO
ti ə
ənimulica
ti i
s=xʷi =s
Xenimulitsa
DIST
NM=NEG=3PO
ə
ti i
s= u– ə –txʷ=s
PR
DIST
NM=PFV–be.fed–ECS=3PO
aci talbixʷ
PROX
people
‘Xenimulitsa finds out that it was not true that he had fed the people.’ 85
ʷul’əxʷ ulək’ʷtəb ə ti ə qaw’qs alš ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’=axʷ
u–lək’ʷ–t–b
only=now
ə
PFV–eaten–ICS–PASS
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Raven, her brother, this Raven, has simply eaten it.’ 86 brothers ti ə qaw’qs ti ə
brother–s
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
brother–3PO
PROX
raven
‘Raven is her brother.’ 87 hay ə əxʷə ə ti ə k’a k’a hay SCONJ
ə əxʷə ə broken.hearted
‘So, Crow is heartbroken.’
ti ə
k’a k’a
PROX
crow
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
309
88 tu ʷ huy uhəli il tsi i s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a t s i ə k’a k’a s ušəbabdxʷ tu ʷ huy just
SCONJ
u–həli –il PFV–alive–INCH
k’a k’a
s ušəbabdxʷ
crow
poor.guy
tsi i
s ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a
tsi ə
DIST:FEM
poor.guy
PROX:FEM
crow
‘But then Crow recovered anyway, poor Crow.’ 89
alšs ti ə qaw’qs dəxʷtəšs a alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
ti ə
qaw’qs
dəxʷ=təš=s
PROX
raven
ADNM=misfortune=3PO
‘Raven who has caused her misfortune is her brother.’ 90 di shuys di di
s=huyu=s
di
FOC
NM=made=3PO
FOC
‘That is the end, that’s it.’
a be.there
310
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs a lil əlgʷə as– a lil
al ti i dəxʷ as
əlgʷə
STAT–live
al at
PL
ti i
dəxʷ= a=s
DIST
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘They are dwelling where they are.’ 2
gʷəl əs ə tsi ə k’a k’a gʷəl
as–
SCONJ
STAT–sick
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
‘And Crow is sick.’ 3
hagʷəxʷ tu ə tsi ə k’a k’a ha kʷ=axʷ
tu=
tsi ə
k’a k’a
long.time=now
PAST=sick
PROX:FEM
crow
‘For a long time she was sick.’ 4
xʷi əxʷ sha s xʷi =axʷ
s=ha =s
NEG=now
NM=good=3PO
‘She is not well.’ 5
gʷəl (h)uy ƛ’ub gʷəl
huy
ƛ’ub
SCONJ
SCONJ
well
‘And then (things are) better.’ 6
ʷa ʷaq’ʷbitəbəxʷ ə tsi ə
alšs qaw’qs
ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–bi–t–b=axʷ ATTN–troubled–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
qaw’qs raven ‘She is of concern to her brother, Raven.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 February 1968, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998) and in Bierwert 1996.
Martha Williams Lamont
7
ʷa ʷaq’ʷbitəbəxʷ t s i ə
311
alšs dxʷ al kʷi gʷədəxʷəli ils u ə
ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–bi–t–b=axʷ
tsi ə
ATTN–troubled–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
alš–s
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
dxʷ– al
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=həli –il=s
CNTRPT–at
REM
SBJ=ADNM=alive–INCH=3PO
u– PFV–sick
‘He is concerned about his sister, about how he could make her well, she is sick.’ 8
xʷiˑ kʷi gʷə suƛ’ubils xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=s= u–ƛ’ub–il=s
NEG
REM
SBJ=NM=PFV–well–INCH=3PO
‘She doesn’t get well.’ 9
huy gʷəl ʷa ʷaq’ʷəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy
gʷəl
ʷa– ʷaq’ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ATTN–troubled=now
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘And then Raven is concerned.’ 10 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is told,’ 11 ƛ’ubəxʷ əxʷ uhay’əd ts(i) ad alš ƛ’ub=axʷ
əxʷ
well=now
u–hay’–t
2SG.SUB
PFV–known–ICS
tsi
ad– alš
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–cross.sex.sibling
‘ “You had better pay attention to your sister.’ 12 huy əxʷ huy SCONJ
ə ti əsgʷəhaydxʷ əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ə ‿ti
as–gʷəhay–dxʷ
seemingly
STAT–might.know–DC
‘ “For you seem to know something about it.” ’ 13 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
PROX
qaw’qs raven
‘Then Raven goes.’ 14 huy cucuucəxʷ huy
cut–cut–c=axʷ
SCONJ
DSTR–say–ALTV=now
‘Then he speaks to Crow about it.’
312
15
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
u ilid
əd ti acəc adəxʷəshuyutəb adəxʷəs ə
ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ ( )ə di i
adq’ʷu a ad u= ili–t
əd
IRR=sing–ICS
ti acəc
1SG.SUB
ad=dəxʷ= as–huyu–t–b 2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–made–ICS–PASS
UNQ
ad=dəxʷ= as–
ə
2SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–sick
PR
ti ə
aci talbixʷ
PROX
people
ə
di –i
PR
INTNS–FOC
ad–q’ʷu •a ad 2SG.PO–gather•side ‘ “I’m going to sing about what has happened to you, about how you are sick (because) of these people, your very neighbours.” ’ 16 huy ilyidəxʷ huy
ili–yi–t=axʷ sing–DAT–ICS=now
SCONJ
‘Then he sings for her.’ 17
əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəməm dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a
ə tə s u əməs t’əlu uməs ᶻ də tsə ənimulic’a
as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD
ə PR
NSPEC:FEM
PTCL
tə
s u b–s
st’əlu b–s
NSPEC
dog.salmon–3PO
king.salmon–3PO
Xenimulitsa
‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and her king salmon. ♪’ 18
u hu hu hu hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh ...” ♪’
19 cucut ti i qaw’qs cut–cut
ti i
qaw’qs
DSTR–say
DIST
raven
‘Raven says,’ 20
əxʷslək’ʷdxʷyitəməm dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–dxʷ–yi–t–b–ab STAT–CTD–eaten–DC–DAT–ICS–PASS–DSD
ə tə s u əməs t’əlu uməs dᶻə tsə ənimulic’a PTCL
NSPEC:FEM
tə
s u b–s
st’əlu b–s
NSPEC
dog.salmon–3PO
king.salmon–3PO
Xenimulitsa
‘♪ “(Someone) wants to eat Xenimulitsa’s dog salmon and her king salmon. ♪’ 21
u hu hu hu hu hu hu ‘♪ “Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh ...” ♪’
ə PR
Martha Williams Lamont
22
313
ʷa ʷaq’ʷəxʷ ti i qaw’qs dxʷ al tsi ə
alš əs ə
ʷa– ʷaq’ʷ=axʷ ATTN–troubled=now
ti i
qaw’qs
dxʷ– al
tsi ə
DIST
raven
CNTRPT–at
PROX:FEM
alš–s
as– STAT–sick
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘Raven is concerned about his sister who is sick.’ 23 huy cutəxʷ ti i
aci talbixʷ
huy
cut=axʷ
ti i
SCONJ
say=now
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then the people say,’ 24
ʷul’ əxʷ ucut ʷul’
əxʷ
only
u–cut
2SG.SUB
PFV–say
‘ “You just say,’ 25 ƛ’ubəxʷ u ilitəb ə tsi i ƛ’ub=axʷ
ənimulic’a kʷi sqəlalituts
u– ili–t–b
well=now
ə
PFV–sing–ICS–PASS
PR
tsi i DIST:FEM
sqəlalituts guardian.spirit ‘ “ ‘Xenimulitsa ought to sing her power song,’ 26 yə i di dəxʷəs ə s haw’ə yə i
di
dəxʷ= as– =s
haw’ə
because
FOC
ADNM=STAT–sick=3PO
PTCL
‘ “ ‘Because that is why she is sick.’ ” ’ 27 huy iləxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a huy SCONJ
il=axʷ sing=now
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
‘Then Crow sings.’ 28 ƛ’ub ʷul’ ələp u abyid ƛ’ub
ʷul’
well
only
ələp 2PL.SUB
u– ab–yi–t PFV–extend–DAT–ICS
‘ “You guys should simply give it to them.’
ənimulic’a Xenimulitsa
kʷi REM
314
29
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
ugʷiitəb ə ti ə qaw’qs kʷi aci talbixʷ u–gʷihi–t–b
ə
PFV–invite–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs kʷi
PROX
raven
aci talbixʷ people
REM
‘ “The people can be invited by Raven.” ’ 30 gʷəl ƛ’ub u ə əd a al ti ə dəxʷ as əlgʷə gʷəl
ƛ’ub
SCONJ
well
u= ə əd
a
IRR=feed.on
al
be.there
at
ti ə
dəxʷ= a=s
PROX
ADNM=be.there=3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘ “But they should eat there where they are.” ’ 31 huy cutəxʷ ti ə qaw’qs huy
cut=axʷ
ti ə
qaw’qs
SCONJ
say=now
PROX
raven
‘Then Raven says,’ 32 xʷi gʷədsgʷiid ti i
aci talbixʷ
xʷi
gʷə=d=s=gʷihi–t
ti i
NEG
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=invite–ICS
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “I would not invite the people.’ 33 ƛ’ub əxʷ ʷul’ uləcilitəb ti ə s ə əd əda ʷul’ uləsaxʷəbtxʷ əd a ulə ilyid ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
ʷul’
2SG.SUB əda
only ʷul’
1SG.COORD
only
u=lə=cili–t–b IRR=PROG=supported–ICS–PASS
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
əda
u=lə=saxʷəb–txʷ IRR=PROG=jump–ECS
1SG.COORD
u=lə= il–yi–t IRR=PROG=give.food–DAT–ICS
‘ “It is better for you (if) the food is just dished up, and I’ll take it quickly and I will give it to them.’ 34
uləpaq’yid əd tə aci talbixʷ u=lə=paq’a–yi–t IRR=PROG=distributed–DAT–ICS
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I will distribute it to the people.” ’ 35 cutəxʷ t s i i cut=axʷ
tsi i
say=now
DIST:FEM
‘She says,’
tə NSPEC
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
315
36 bəƛ’ub ahəs xʷu ələ bə=ƛ’ub
a=as
ADD=well
xʷu ələ
be.there=3SBRD
maybe
‘ “It would be okay that way too I guess.” ’ 37 yə i huy əxʷscutəbitəb tə ti ə qaw’qs yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
as–dxʷs–cut–ab–bi–t–b STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS
tə
ti ə
qaw’qs
truly
PROX
raven
‘Because she thinks Raven is truthful.’ 38 hay iləxʷ tsi ə k’a k’a hay
il=axʷ
SCONJ
sing=now
alš d əxʷ ʷa ʷaq’ʷacut[s]
tsi ə
k’a k’a
PROX:FEM
crow
alš–s cross.sex.sibling–3PO
dəxʷ= ʷa– ʷaq’ʷa–t–sut=s ADNM=ATTN–troubled–ICS–REFL=3PO
‘So, Crow, his sister, sang because she was troubled.’ 39 xʷi əxʷ udida acləp ə kʷi k’ay’ək’a xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap
NEG=now
REM
NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
k’a k’a Crow ‘♪ “Don’t you guys call me Crow. ♪’ 40
ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now
dxʷhi idə
kʷi
abundance.of.food
REM
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 41
ʷul’əxʷ dxʷhi idə kʷi udida aclayiyəp ʷul’=axʷ only=now
dxʷhi idə
kʷi
abundance.of.food
REM
s= u–di–da a–t–s=lap NM=PFV–ATTN–named–ICS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
‘♪ “Just Abundance-in-Food you guys call me. ♪’ 42
aw’ aw’ aˑw’ aw’ aw’ a aw’ aw’ aw’ haˑy ‘♪ “Caw, caw, caaw, caw, caw, cahaw, caw, caw, haay.” ♪’
ə PR
kʷi REM
316
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
43 cucutəxʷ tsi i k’a k’a cut–cut=axʷ
tsi i
k’a k’a
DSTR–say=now
DIST:FEM
crow
‘Crow sings.’ 44 huy cutəbəxʷ huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then (Raven) is told,’ 45 ƛ’ubəxʷ upaq’atəbəxʷ ti i s ə əd ƛ’ub=axʷ
u–paq’a–t–b=axʷ
well=now
PFV–distributed–ICS–PASS=now
ti i
s ə əd
DIST
food
‘ “The food should be distributed.’ 46 gʷəl paq’adəxʷ gʷəl
paq’a–t=axʷ
SCONJ
distributed–ICS=now
‘ “Distribute it!” ’ 47 cil’cilitəbəxʷ cil’–cili–t–b=axʷ DSTR–supported–ICS–PASS=now
‘It is dished up.’ 48 huy u ʷtubəxʷ kʷi tust’əlu b al ti i huy
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
go–ECS–PASS=now
əscil’cil
kʷi
tu=st’əlu b
REM
PAST=dried.salmon
al ti i at
as–cil’–cil STAT–DSTR–dish.out
‘Then the dried king salmon is taken as it is dished up.’ 49 paq’atəbəxʷ ə ti ə di i qaw’qs paq’a–t–b=axʷ distributed–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
di –i
qaw’qs
PROX
INTNS–FOC
raven
‘It is distributed by this very Raven.’ 50
udi di cut dxʷ al ti i s ə əd u–di –di –t–sut PFV–DSTR–FOC–ICS–REFL
dxʷ– al
ti i
s ə əd
CNTRPT–at
DIST
food
‘He wanted to be the one to take charge of the food.’
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
317
51 huy u ʷtxʷəxʷ huy
u ʷ–txʷ=axʷ go–ECS=now
SCONJ
‘Then he takes it.’ 52
ʷul’ ƛ’uləli lil ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=li –lil only
HAB=PROG=ATTN–far
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Raven always goes just a little way.’ 53 gʷəl ƛ’ulələk’ʷəd ti i s ə əd gʷəl
ƛ’u=lə=lək’ʷ–t
ti i
s ə əd
SCONJ
HAB=PROG=eaten–ICS
DIST
food
‘And he is always eating that food.’ 54
ʷul’ ləli lil ʷul’ only
lə=li –lil PROG=ATTN–far
‘He always goes just a little way.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubələbəlkʷ gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=lə=bəlkʷ
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=PROG=return
‘And he always comes back again.’ 56 gʷəl ƛ’ubələcilyitəb gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=lə=cili–yi–t–b
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=PROG=supported–DAT–ICS–PASS
‘And it is always dished up for them again.’ 57 mədi əxʷ ti də ’agʷtxʷəxʷ kʷi ubəcəxʷ u ʷ bə=di =axʷ
ti
də ’•agʷtxʷ=axʷ
kʷi
ADD=FOC=now
SPEC
one•next.door=now
REM
‘ “There is another house where I must go too.” ’ 58 bə u ʷ bə= u ʷ ADD=go
‘He goes again.’
u=bə=d=dəxʷ= u ʷ IRR=ADD=1SG.PO=ADNM=go
318
59
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
ʷul’ bələli lil ʷul’
bə=lə=li –lil
only
ADD=PROG=ATTN–far
‘He goes just a little way.’ 60 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl
bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS
‘And he eats it again as he goes along.’ 61 huy ciˑck’ʷ ( )əsc’ap’ ti ə qaw’qs huy
cick’ʷ
SCONJ
very
as–c’ap’ STAT–ill.bred
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘Then Raven is very ill-bred.’ 62
əscəqʷ as–cəqʷ STAT–rectum
‘He is greedy.’ 63 hikʷ sa hikʷ
sa
big
bad
‘He is very bad.’ 64 hikʷ dxʷs ə əd hikʷ
dxʷs– ə əd
big
PROC–feed.on
‘He is a glutton.’ 65 hay di dəxʷhuyuds ušəbabdxʷ t s i ə hay
di
dəxʷ=huyu–t=s
SCONJ
FOC
ADNM=made–ICS=3PO
alš
ə
cross.sex.sibling
PR
alš ə ti ə su ə adəps ušəbabdxʷ poor.guy
tsi ə PROX:FEM
ti ə
s= u– ə adəp=s
PROX
NM=PFV–give.feast=3PO
‘So, that is how he made his sister poor when she gave a feast.’ 66
ʷul’əxʷ əw’ə lələk’ʷəd ti ə s ə əd cədi ] ʷul’=axʷ
əw’ə
lə=lək’ʷ–t
ti ə
s ə əd
cədi
only=now
PTCL
PROG=eaten–ICS
PROX
food
s/he
‘He is just eating the food, that one.’
Martha Williams Lamont
319
67 xʷi gʷə əs haydubs ə tudi
aci talbixʷ əs a lil ti i suhuy ə ti i qaw’qs
xʷi
gʷə= as–hay–dxʷ–b=s
NEG
SBJ=STAT–known–DC–PASS=3PO
ə
as– a lil
ti i
s= u–huyu
STAT–live
DIST
NM=PFV–made
PR
tudi
aci talbixʷ
DIST.DMA
people
ə
ti i
qaw’qs
PR
DIST
raven
‘The people living over there do not know what Raven has done.’ 68
u ə id tsi ə
ənimulic’a
u– ə id
tsi ə
ənimulic’a
PROX:FEM
PFV–what.happen
Xenimulitsa
‘ “What’s the matter with Xenimulitsa?’ 69
əs al as– al STAT–how
‘ “What’s going on?’ 70
u ə adəp u tsi ə u– ə adəp
ənimulic’a
u
PFV–give.feast
INT
tsi ə PROX:FEM
ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ]
ənimulic’a
ə
Xenimulitsa
PR
ti ə
aci talbixʷ
PROX
people
‘ “Did Crow give a feast for the people?’ 71 xʷi
u
xʷi
u
NEG
INT
‘ “Or not?” ’ 72 gʷaˑ bə ʷul’əxʷ lə ət ʷt əb ə ti ə qaw’qs ti ə s ə əd gʷa INTJ
bə= ʷul’=axʷ
lə= ət ʷ–t–b
ADD=only=now
PROG=gulp.down–ICS–PASS
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
ə PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘But Raven is just gulping down the food.’ 73
əšuucəb ə tsi ə su suq’ʷa as–šu –c–b STAT–see–ALTV–PASS
ə PR
ə tsi ə k’a k’a tsi ə
su –suq’ʷa
PROX:FEM
ATTN–younger.sibling
k’a k’a crow ‘He is seen by his little younger sister, Crow.’
ə PR
tsi ə PROX:FEM
320
74
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
ʷul’ əw’ə sixʷ lə u ʷ ti ə qaw’qs ʷul’ only
əw’ə
sixʷ
lə= u ʷ
ti ə
qaw’qs
PTCL
PTCL
PROG=go
PROX
raven
‘Raven is just going again.’ 75 gʷəl lələk’ʷəd ti i ləcucilyilikʷ s ə əd gʷəl
lə=lək’ʷ–t
ti i
ləcu–cili–yi–alikʷ
s ə əd
SCONJ
PROG=eaten–ICS
DIST
CONT–supported–DAT–ACT
food
‘And he is eating the food that is being dished up.’ 76
ʷul’ lədi il ʷul’ only
lə=di –il PROG=other.side–INCH
‘He is just going a little way off.’ 77 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl
bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS
‘And he is eating it up again.’ 78
ʷul’ lədi il ʷul’ only
lə=di –il PROG=other.side–INCH
‘He is just going a little way off.’ 79 gʷəl bələlək’ʷəd gʷəl
bə=lə=lək’ʷ–t
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=eaten–ICS
‘And he is eating it up again.’ 80 xʷi gʷəsutə ə s
ə ti i s ə əd dxʷ al ta a
xʷi
gʷə=s= u–tə ə =s
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–arrive.safely=3PO
ta a
aci talbixʷ
ə
ti i
s ə əd dxʷ– al
PR
DIST
food
CNTRPT–at
aci talbixʷ
DIST:UNQ.DMA
people
‘The food does not arrive safely to those very people.’ 81 huy usa il əw’ə sixʷ ti ə xʷi ləha huy SCONJ
u–sa –il PFV–bad–INCH
qaw’qs əxʷk’ʷəl qs
əw’ə
sixʷ
ti ə
xʷi
lə=ha
qaw’qs
PTCL
PTCL
PROX
NEG
NEGP=good
raven
Martha Williams Lamont
321
as–dxʷ–k’ʷəl •qs STAT–CTD–flared•nose
‘Then this no-good Raven with flared nostrils gets into trouble.’ 82 q’ abactəbəxʷ ti i qaw’qs q’ •abac–t–b=axʷ
ti i
qaw’qs
insult•body–ICS–PASS=now
DIST
raven
‘Raven is insulted about his physical appearance.’ 83 hay di tushuy ə ti ə qaw’qs hay
di
tu=s=huyu
ə
SCONJ
FOC
PAST=NM=made
PR
ti ə
qaw’qs
PROX
raven
‘So, that is what Raven has been doing.’ 84
di tushuyucuts sixʷ al ti acəc tusəs ə
ə tsi ə
di
tu=s=huyu–t–sut=s
sixʷ
FOC
PAST=NM=made–ICS–REFL=3PO
PTCL
tu=s= as–
ə
PAST=NM=STAT–sick
al ti acəc at
tsi ə
PR
alšs UNQ
alš–s
PROX:FEM
cross.sex.sibling–3PO
‘That is what he had set himself up to do while his sister was sick.’ 85
ʷul’əxʷ əy’dxʷ ti tu ə ə ə ti ə ʷul’=axʷ
əy’–dxʷ ti
only=now
find–DC
SPEC
aci talbixʷ
tu= ə ə ə
ti ə
PAST=broken.hearted
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘The broken-hearted people just find out.’ 86
ʷul’ xʷi gʷəs ə əds tugʷiitəb əlgʷə ʷul’ only
xʷi
gʷə=s ə əd–s
tu=gʷihi–t–b
əlgʷə
NEG
SBJ=food–3PO
PAST=invite–ICS–PASS
PL
‘The food is just gone, (although) they had been invited.’ 87
ucut ƛ’ub ʷul’ upaq’ad cədi u–cut
ƛ’ub
ʷul’
PFV–say
well
only
u=paq’a–t
cədi
IRR=distributed–ICS
s/he
‘(She says) that he should distribute it.’ 88
hay ʷul’ ləgʷəšəbad ti i s ə əd tupaq’atəb] hay SCONJ
ʷul’ only
lə=gʷəšəbad
ti i
s ə əd
tu=paq’a–t–b
PROG=disappear
DIST
food
PAST=distributed–ICS–PASS
‘So, the food that was distributed is just disappearing.’
322
Crow Is Sick (Second Telling)
89 hay ʷul’əxʷ uhuyud sa ti i tus ə adəp ə tsi ə hay
ʷul’=axʷ
u–huyu–t
only=now
SCONJ
tsi ə
PFV–made–ICS
ušəbabdxʷ
PROX:FEM
ušəbabdxʷ k’a k’a
sa
ti i
tu=s= ə adəp
bad
DIST
PAST=NM=give.feast
ə PR
k’a k’a
poor.dear
crow
‘So, poor Crow’s feast is just ruined.’ 90
ənimulic’a tə sda ənimulic’a Xenimulitsa al at
ə tsi i k’a k’a sda s al ti ə sə ə s
tə
sda
NSPEC
ə
name
PR
tsi i
k’a k’a
s=da a=s
DIST:FEM
crow
NM=named=3PO
ti ə
s= as– =s
PROX
NM=STAT–sick=3PO
‘Xenimulitsa is the name of Crow, her name when she is sick.’ 91 di suhuys ti i dsyəyəhub di
s= u–huyu=s
ti i
d–syəyəhub
FOC
NM=PFV–made=3PO
DIST
1SG.PO–story
‘That is the end of my traditional story.’
Martha Williams Lamont
323
Basket Ogress as told by Martha Lamont1 1
di gʷətusƛ’alqəb tsi i tusxʷəyuq’ʷ di
gʷə=tu=sƛ’alqəb
tsi i
tu=sxʷəyuq’ʷ
FOC
SBJ=PAST=monster
DIST:FEM
PAST=Basket.Ogress
‘The Basket Ogress was a monster.’ 2
gʷətu ahəs ʷul’ tuləgʷəlaltəb ck’ʷaqid gʷə=tu= a=as
ʷul’ tu=lə=gʷəlal–t–b
SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD
only
PAST=PROG=harmed–ICS–PASS
ck’ʷaqid always
‘When she was around, she was always being killed.’ 3
di gʷətudəxʷ atəbəds di
gʷə=tu=dəxʷ= atəbəd=s
FOC
SBJ=PAST=ADNM=die=3PO
‘That was why she died.’ 4
ləxʷi il lə=xʷi –il NEGP=NEG–INCH
‘There are none anymore.’ 5
gʷəl gʷətusa dxʷ al kʷi wiw’su gʷəl
gʷə=tu=sa
dxʷ– al
kʷi
wiw’su
SCONJ
SBJ=PAST=bad
CNTRPT–at
REM
children
‘And it would have been bad for the children.’ 6
di tus ə əds ti i wiw’su di
tu=s ə əd–s
ti i
wiw’su
FOC
PAST=food–3PO
DIST
children
‘Children were what she ate.’ 7
xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds kʷi luƛ’luƛ’ xʷi
gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s
kʷi
luƛ’–luƛ’
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO
REM
DSTR–old
‘She doesn’t eat the old people.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 February 1968, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess.
324
8
Basket Ogress
gʷəl ti wiw’su ti i s ə əds gʷəl
ti
wiw’su
ti i
s ə əd–s
SCONJ
SPEC
children
DIST
food–3PO
‘And the children are her food.’ 9
di ha
s ə əds ti i wiw’su
di
ha
s ə əd–s
ti i
wiw’su
FOC
good
food–3PO
DIST
children
‘The children were good for her to eat.’ 10 ƛ’u ukʷukʷ ƛ’u= ukʷukʷ HAB=play
‘They always play.’ 11 tsi i sxʷəyuq’ʷ gʷəl tu ʷ ti i tusxʷəctəbs tsi i
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
gʷəl
tu ʷ ti i
DIST:FEM
Basket.Ogress
SCONJ
just
DIST
tu=s=xʷəc–t–b=s PAST=NM=removed–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘As for the Basket Ogress, she was just wiped out.’ 12 ti i dəxʷəsƛ’uƛ’ubilsəxʷ ti i
dəxʷ= as–ƛ’u–ƛ’ub–il=s=axʷ
DIST
ADNM=STAT–ATTN–well–INCH=3PO=now
‘That is why things are a little bit better now.’ 13 ti i dəxʷi səxʷ ti i
dəxʷ=xʷi =s=axʷ
DIST
ADNM=NEG=3PO=now
‘That is why they don’t exist anymore.’ 14 gʷəl cick’ʷ tusa əxʷ gʷətu ahəs gʷəl
cick’ʷ tu=sa =axʷ
gʷə=tu= a=as
SCONJ
very
SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD
PAST=bad=now
‘And it was very bad when she was around.’ 15
əbil’əxʷ gʷəšudxʷ ti i wiw’su əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now
gʷə=šu –dxʷ
ti i
wiw’su
SBJ=see–DC
DIST
children
‘Perhaps she saw children.’
Martha Williams Lamont
16
325
u ukʷukʷ al ti i
a kʷ al ti sgʷistalb
u– ukʷukʷ
ti i
PFV–play
al at
DIST
a kʷ
al
seaward
at
ti
sgʷistalb
SPEC
sand
‘They played on the beach down by the sand.’ 17 ti i ti dəxʷəsgʷaadils əlgʷə dəxʷu ukʷukʷ ə ti i wiw’su qaha ti i
ti
dəxʷ= as–gʷaad–il=s
əlgʷə
dəxʷ= u– ukʷukʷ
DIST
SPEC
ADNM=STAT–down:PL–INCH=3PO
PL
ADNM=PFV–play
ə
ti i
wiw’su
qah–a
PR
DIST
children
INTNS–many
‘It is there that they sit in the place where many children played.’ 18
u ʷcəxʷ u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now ‘She goes after them.’
19 huy dəgʷdupədəxʷ ə ti i xʷ a ʷa ad huy
dəkʷa•dup–t=axʷ
SCONJ
inside•land–ICS=now
ə
ti i
xʷ a ʷa ad
PR
DIST
clam.basket
‘Then she puts them into a clam basket.’ 20 gʷəl bə ubətxʷəxʷ gʷəl
bə= ubə–txʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go.inland–ECS=now
‘Then she backpacks them.’ 21
əshud up tsi i as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘She starts a fire.’ 22
a tsi i qi qəl’adi bəda s a be.there
tsi i
qi –qəl’adi
bəda –s
DIST:FEM
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
offspring–3PO
‘Qiqeladi, her daughter, is there.’ 23 qi qəl’adi kʷi sda txʷ s qi –qəl’adi
kʷi
s=da a–txʷ=s
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
REM
NM=named–ECS=3PO
‘What she is named is Qiqeladi.’
326
Basket Ogress
24 di ƛ’ust’ə ʷšəd ə ti i stab little tree di
ƛ’u=st’ə ʷšəd
FOC
HAB=roots
ə
ti i
stab
little
tree
PR
DIST
what
little
tree
‘That is (i.e., means) the roots of something, a little tree,’ 25 gʷəl ƛ’udᶻaq’ gʷəl
ƛ’u=dᶻaq’
SCONJ
HAB=fall
‘And it falls over.’ 26 gʷəl ƛ’ashuy qi qəl’adi gʷəl
ƛ’u= as–huyu
qi –qəl’adi
SCONJ
HAB=STAT–made
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘And it becomes a little uprooted tree.’ 27 tsi i cədi gʷəl di bəda s tsi i
cədi
gʷəl
di
bəda –s
DIST:FEM
s/he
SCONJ
FOC
offspring–3PO
‘Her, she’s her daughter.’ 28 di bəda
ə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ
di
bəda
FOC
offspring
ə PR
tsi ə
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘She is the daughter of the Basket Ogress.’ 29 di əxʷ dəxʷəscuucs tsi ə cədi qi qəl’adi di =axʷ
dəxʷ= as–cut–c=s
tsi ə
cədi
FOC=now
ADNM=STAT–say–ALTV=3PO
PROX:FEM
s/he
qi –qəl’adi ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘That is why she (Basket Ogress) says to Qiqeladi,’ 30
əshud up əxʷ qi qəl’adi as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
qi –qəl’adi ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘ “You make a fire, Qiqeladi!’ 31 gʷəl əshudtxʷ əxʷ ti i hud xʷa əsq’ʷəlil txʷ gʷəl SCONJ
as–hud–txʷ STAT–burn–ECS
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ti i
hud
DIST
burn
xʷa 2SG.COORD
Martha Williams Lamont
327
as–q’ʷəl–il–txʷ STAT–cooked–INCH–ECS
‘ “You burn the wood and you make it hot.’ 32
uqʷ’əlsəd ə ti i wiw’su
a ulək’ʷəd
u=q’əls–t
ti i
wiw’su
DIST
children
ə
IRR=steam–ICS
1PL.SUB
a
u=lək’ʷ–t
1PL.COORD
IRR=eaten–ICS
‘ “We will cook the children and we will eat them.” ’ 33 t axʷ əs ista tsi i qi qəl’adi as– ista
t =axʷ truly=now
STAT–be.like
tsi i
qi –qəl’adi
DIST:FEM
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘Qiqeladi did just that.’ 34
əsq’əlsaxʷ as–q’əls=axʷ STAT–steamed=now
‘They are steam-cooking.’ 35
əshuytxʷəxʷ ti i hud as–huyu–txʷ=axʷ STAT–made–ECS=now
ti i
hud
DIST
burn
‘The fire is ready.’ 36
a ti i
’ƛ’a dəxʷq’əlsəds ti i qa wiw’su
a be.there
ti i
’ƛ’a
DIST
stone
dəxʷ=q’əls–t=s
ti i
qa
wiw’su
ADNM=steam–ICS=3PO
DIST
many
children
‘The rocks are there where she can cook the many children.’ 37 huy k’ʷit’əxʷ ə ti ə xʷ a ʷa ads huy
k’ʷit’=axʷ
SCONJ
shoreward=now
ə PR
ti ə
xʷ a ʷa ad–s
PROX
clam.basket–3PO
‘Then she goes shoreward with her big clam basket.’ 38 huy dəgʷdupədəxʷ ti i wiw’su al kʷədi
a kʷ
huy
dəkʷa•dup–t=axʷ
ti i
wiw’su
SCONJ
inside•land–ICS=now
DIST
children
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
a kʷ seaward
‘Then way off on the beach she puts those children in her basket.’ 39 day’əxʷ ti ə kikəwi ti ə ck’ʷaqid ləšəqcut dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷudəgʷads day’=axʷ
ti ə
ki–kəwi
ti ə
ck’ʷaqid
uniquely=now
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
PROX
always
328
Basket Ogress
lə=šq–t–sut
dxʷ– al
ti ə
dəxʷ= u–dəkʷa–t=s
PROG=high–ICS–REFL
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ADNM=PFV–inside–ICS=3PO
‘The one who just gets himself up high where he is put is Little Hunchback.’ 40 gʷəl lə a a tušəq gʷəl
lə= a– a
tu=šq
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–be.there
PAST=high
‘And he was just a little bit high up.’ 41 anyways putəxʷ u atxʷ i šəq ti i kikəwi anyways
put=axʷ
u– a–txʷ
anyways
really=now
i –šq
PFV–be.there–ECS
PRTV–high
ti i
ki–kəwi
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
‘Anyways, Little Hunchback has been put in the high part.’ 42 huy gʷəl
ə ƛ’axʷ
huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əƛ’=axʷ come=now
‘And then she comes.’ 43
ubətubəxʷ əlgʷ ə ə tsi i sxʷəyuq’ʷ ti ə qa wiw’su sqada s ubə–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
go.inland–ECS–PASS=now
ə PR
PL
tsi i
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
DIST:FEM
Basket.Ogress
ti ə
qa
wiw’su
ti ə
s=qada =s
PROX
many
children
PROX
NM=steal=3PO
‘The many stolen children are taken up from shore by the Basket Ogress.’ 44 huy gʷəl u ʷtxʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS
‘And then she takes them.’ 45 huy šudubəxʷ ə ti acəc kikəwi ti ə huy
šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
see–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
əxʷt’a əb
ti acəc
ki–kəwi
ti ə
UNQ
ATTN–hunchback
PROX
as–dxʷ–t’a –b STAT–CTD–cross.path–MD
‘Then something sticking into the path is seen by Little Hunchback.’
Martha Williams Lamont
329
46 huy kʷədabacəxʷ huy
kʷəd•abac=axʷ
SCONJ
taken•body=now
‘Then he grabs the limb.’ 47 huy u ʷdubutəxʷ huy
u ʷ–dxʷ–but=axʷ go–DC–REFL=now
SCONJ
‘Then he manages to get himself out.’ 48 q’ʷibdubutəxʷ q’ʷibi–dxʷ–but=axʷ disembark–DC–REFL=now ‘He manages to get himself out.’ 49 ƛ’iw’əxʷ tul’ al tsi ə cədi ƛ’iw’=axʷ
tul’– al
tsi ə
cədi
escape=now
CNTRFG–at
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘He escapes from her.’ 50 yə i udᶻəqil u–dᶻəqil
yə i because
PFV–crawl
‘Because she has crawled underneath.’ 51 xʷi ləha
sƛ’alqəb ti
u əba
ə ti i i
xʷi
lə=ha
sƛ’alqəb
ti
NEG
NEGP=good
monster
SPEC
u– əba PFV–backpack
‘The one who packs them is a no-good monster.’ 52
uˑ ʷ ti i kikəwi u ʷ go
ti i
ki–kəwi
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback goes.’ 53 t’uk’ʷ t’uk’ʷ go.home ‘He goes home.’
ə PR
ti –i i PL–DIST
330
Basket Ogress
54 huy yəcəbaxʷ ə ti ə sqadabitəbs ə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ sa ti i wiw’su huy
yəc–b=axʷ
SCONJ
report–MD=now PR
ə
ti ə
s=qada–bi–t–b=s
PROX
NM=steal–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO
tsi ə
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
sa
ti i
wiw’su
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
bad
DIST
children
ə PR
‘Then he tells of the stealing of the children by the bad Basket Ogress.’ 55 huy qʷibicutəxʷ ti i
aci talbixʷ
huy
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
ti i
aci talbixʷ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
DIST
people
‘Then the people get ready.’ 56
u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘(Basket Ogress) goes.’
57 lət’uk’ʷəxʷ lə=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ PROG=go.home=now
‘She is going home.’ 58 huyəxʷ əsq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tudi di i bibəda s tsi qi qəl’adi huy=axʷ SCONJ=now
as–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ cooked•round–ALTV=now
tudi
di i
DIST.DMA
yonder
bi–bəda –s
tsi
qi –qəl’adi
ATTN–offspring–3PO
SPEC:FEM
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘Then her daughter, Qiqeladi, warms stones for (the children).’ 59 qʷibicutəxʷ ti ə
əbsbədbəda
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
as–bəs–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–DSTR–offspring
‘Those who have children prepare themselves.’ 60 huy qʷibid dxʷ al kʷi us ili tubsəxʷ huy
qʷibi–t
dxʷ– al
kʷi
SCONJ
prepared–ICS
CNTRPT–at
REM
u=s= ili –txʷ–b=s=axʷ IRR=NM=battle–ECS–PASS=3PO=now
‘Then they prepare so that war can be made on them.’
Martha Williams Lamont
331
61 tugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi i cədi tu=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ
tsi i
cədi
PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS=now
DIST:FEM
s/he
‘(Basket Ogress) was killed.’ 62
iltxʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su il–txʷ=axʷ arrive–ECS=now
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘She arrived with the children.’ 63 huy qʷatadəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy
qʷata–t=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
laid.out–ICS=now
PROX
children
‘Then she set the children down.’ 64 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 65
əsgʷaadil al ti ə around the fire as–gʷaad–il
al
STAT–down:PL–INCH
at
ti ə
around
the fire
PROX
around
the fire
‘They are sitting around the fire.’ 66 huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsi ə cədi sƛ’alqəb sxʷəyuq’ʷ huy dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ tsi ə cədi sƛ’alqəb SCONJ
kick–ACT=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
monster
sxʷəyuq’ʷ Basket.Ogress
‘Then the monstress, the Basket Ogress, danced.’ 67
uq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tə wiw’su uq’ʷəlilcəxʷ tə wiw’su u–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ PFV–cooked•round–ALTV=now
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
u–q’ʷəl•ilc–c=axʷ PFV–cooked•round–ALTV=now
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
‘♪ “The stones are warm for children, the stones are warm for children.” ♪’ 68 huy around u ʷəxʷ ti ə fire huy
around
SCONJ
around
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
PROX
‘Then she went around the fire.’
fire fire
332
Basket Ogress
69 hud hikʷ hud əstab hud
hikʷ
hud
burn
big
burn
as–stab STAT–what
‘It is a fire, a big fire, and then ...’ 70 qaha hə xʷ ’ƛ’a ti i qah–a=axʷ INTNS–many=now
atəb ə tsi i qi qəl’adi bibəda s ’ƛ’a
ti i
stone
DIST
a–t–b
ə
be.there–ICS–PASS
qi –qəl’adi
bi–bəda –s
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
ATTN–offspring–3PO
PR
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘What is put there by Qiqeladi, her daughter, are many stones.’ 71 ǰu iləxʷ ə ti ə ǰu il=axʷ enjoy =now
us ə əds ə ti ə qa wiw’su ə ti ə
PR
u=s= ə əd=s
PROX
ə
IRR=NM=feed.on=3PO
PR
ti ə
qa
PROX
many children
‘She is happy because she is going to eat the many children.’ 72 qaˑ ti ə wiw’su qa
ti ə
wiw’su
many
PROX
children
‘There are a lot of children.’ 73
uˑ ǰu iləxʷ u INTJ
ǰu il=axʷ enjoy =now
‘Oh, she is happy.’ 74 ƛ’asdᶻaq’aq’əxʷ dxʷ al ti i fire ƛ’u= as–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ dxʷ– al HAB=STAT–DIM.EFF–fall=now
CNTRPT–at
‘She is teetering towards the fire.’ 75 gʷəl ƛ’ubəƛ’ubdubut gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ub–dxʷ–but
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=well–DC–REFL
‘And she manages to right herself.’ 76 huy cick’ʷəxʷ əsǰu iləxʷ huy
cick’ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
very=now
as–ǰu il=axʷ STAT–enjoy=now
‘Then she is very happy.’
ti i
fire
DIST
fire
wiw’su
Martha Williams Lamont
333
77 round the great big fire ti ə dəxʷuǰu ils round
the
great
big
fire
ti ə
dəxʷ= u–ǰu il=s
round
the
great
big
fire
PROX
ADNM=PFV–enjoy=3PO
‘Around the great big fire, because she is happy.’ 78 hikʷ hud hikʷ
hud
big
burn
‘It is a big fire.’ 79 huˑy cutəb ə ti ə luƛ’luƛ’ girls ti ə bəluƛ’luƛ’əxʷ boys huy
cut–t–b
SCONJ
ə
say–ICS–PASS PR
ti ə
luƛ’–luƛ’
girls
ti ə
PROX
DSTR–old
girls
PROX
bə=luƛ’–luƛ’=axʷ
boys
ADD=DSTR–old=now
boys
‘Then it is spoken by the older girls, and by the older boys.’ 80 gʷəhud gʷə=hud SBJ=burn
‘ “She would burn.’ 81 gʷə ədəd ə tsi ə xʷi ləha ə
gʷə= əd–t SBJ=push–ICS
1PL.SUB
tsi ə
xʷi
lə=ha
PROX:FEM
NEG
NEGP=good
‘ “We should push that no-good one.’ 82 yə i ƛ’asxʷəlk’ʷəxʷ yə i
ƛ’u= as–xʷəlk’ʷ=axʷ
because
HAB=STAT–intoxicated=now
‘ “Because she is dizzy.’ 83 ləsdᶻaq’aq’əxʷ dxʷ al ti i hud ləs–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ PROG.STAT–DIM.EFF–fall=now
dxʷ– al
ti i
hud
CNTRPT–at
DIST
burn
‘ “She is teetering towards the fire.’ 84 gʷəl gʷə ədəd ə gʷəl
gʷə= əd–t
SCONJ
SBJ=push–ICS
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “And we should push her.’
334
Basket Ogress
85 gʷəl gʷəcaq’apsəbəd ə
ə ti siq’əwayu
gʷəl
gʷə=caq’•apsəb–t
SCONJ
SBJ=impaled•throat–ICS
ə
ə
1PL.SUB
PR
ti
siq’əwayu
SPEC
fork.stick
‘ “And we could spear her in the throat with a pronged stick.” ’ 86
a ələp gʷəcaq’ad a
ələp
be.there
gʷə=caq’a–t
2PL.SUB
SBJ=impaled–ECS
‘ “You guys could spear her.” ’ 87
ahahəxʷ ə gʷəcaq’caq’ad ah–a=axʷ
ə
INTNS–be.there=now
gʷə=caq’–caq’a–t
1PL.SUB
SBJ=DSTR–impaled–ECS
‘ “We could spear her.’ 88 gʷəl ƛ’ub u atəbəd gʷəl
ƛ’ub
SCONJ
well
u– atəbəd PFV–die
‘ “And she would die.’ 89 gʷəgʷəlaldxʷ ə gʷə=gʷəlal–dxʷ SBJ=harmed–DC
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “We could manage to kill her.” ’ 90 cutcutəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su cut–cut–t–b=axʷ DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘It is spoken by the children.’ 91 tatabəbəxʷ tatabəb=axʷ confer=now ‘They confer.’ 92 huy ƛ’asxʷəlk’ʷaxʷ huy
ƛ’u= as–xʷəlk’ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
HAB=STAT–intoxicated=now
‘Then she is getting dizzy.’
Martha Williams Lamont
93
335
udᶻaq’aq’əxʷ al ti ə ƛ’usudᶻubalikʷs u–dᶻaq’–aq’=axʷ al ti ə ƛ’u=s= u–dᶻub–alikʷ=s PFV–DIM.EFF–fall=now
at
HAB=NM=PFV–kick–ACT=3PO
PROX
‘She totters as she dances.’ 94 gʷəl udᶻəlul bid ti ə hud gʷəl u–dᶻəl•ul –bi–t SCONJ
PFV–turn•belly–MAP–ICS
ti ə
hud
PROX
burn
‘Then she turns her belly to the fire.’ 95 saxʷəbəxʷ saxʷəb=axʷ jump=now ‘He jumps.’ 96
u ʷəxʷ ti ə dii ’u u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
dii ’u one:HMN
PROX
‘One of them goes.’ 97 gʷəl kʷədxʷ ti ə siq’wayu gʷəl
kʷəda–dxʷ
ti ə
siq’wayu
SCONJ
taken–DC
PROX
forked.stick
‘And he manages to get the pronged stick.’ 98 cuucəbəxʷ tsi ə bəda s qəladi cut–c–b=axʷ
tsi ə
bəda –s
qəladi
say–ALTV–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
up.rooted.tree
‘Her daughter, Qeladi, is spoken to.’ 99 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go ahead!’ 100
u ʷalikʷ ə kʷi siq’wayu qi qəl’adi
ti i dəxʷ alš ə tsi ə adsk’ʷuy
u ʷ–alikʷ
qi –qəl’adi
go–ACT
ə PR
kʷi
siq’wayu
REM
forked.stick
dəxʷ= al–š NM=remove.from.fire–ICS
ə 1PL.PO
ti i
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
DIST
tsi ə
ad–sk’ʷuy
PROX:FEM
2SG.PO–mother
‘ “Go for a pronged stick, Qiqeladi, so we can get your mother out of the fire!” ’
336
Basket Ogress
101 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə huy
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
SCONJ
ti ə PROX
‘Then she goes.’ 102 gʷəl lə abš ti ə ha gʷəl SCONJ
siq’wayu ƛ’udəxʷuxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə
lə= ab–š
ti ə
ha
PROG=extend–ICS
PROX
siq’wayu
good forked.stick
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s
əlgʷə
HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO
PL
‘Then she held out a good pronged stick they used for game.’ 103
ahahəxʷ al ti i ah–a=axʷ
al
INTNS–be.there=now
at
ti i DIST
‘It is there.’ 104 huy ədtəbaxʷ dxʷ al hud huy
əd–t–b=axʷ push–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
dxʷ– al
hud
CNTRPT–at
burn
‘And (Basket Ogress) is pushed (further) into the fire.’ 105 tiləb ucaq’apsəbtəb al ti i scqapsəbs tiləb
u–caq’•apsəb–t–b
immediately
al
PFV–impaled•throat–ICS–PASS
at
ti i
scqapsəb–s
DIST
neck–3PO
‘Right away she is speared in the throat.’ 106 gʷəl atəbəxʷ dxʷ al ti i hud gʷəl
a–t–b=axʷ be.there–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
dxʷ– al
ti i
hud
CNTRPT–at
DIST
burn
‘And (Basket Ogress) is put into the fire.’ 107
aˑhəxʷ ti i scəq cuts al ti i cədi a=axʷ be.there=now
əsq’ʷəlilc
ti i
s=cəq cut=s
DIST
NM=sizzle=3PO
as–q’ʷəl•ilc–c STAT–cooked•round–ALTV
‘There she sizzles on the heated rocks.’
al ti i at
DIST
cədi s/he
Martha Williams Lamont
108
337
aˑhəxʷ dəxʷəsciq’itəbs dxʷ al ti i
shuds dxʷ al tus atəbəds tsi sxʷəyuq’ʷ
sƛ’alqəb dxʷ al kʷi wiw’su a=axʷ be.there=now
dəxʷ= as–ciq’i–t–b=s
dxʷ– al
ti i
ADNM=STAT–poke–ICS–PASS=3PO
CNTRPT–at
DIST
s=hud=s
dxʷ– al
tu=s= atəbəd=s
tsi
NM=burn=3PO
CNTRPT–at
PAST=NM=die=3PO
SPEC:FEM
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
sƛ’alqəb
dxʷ– al
kʷi
wiw’su
Basket.Ogress
monster
CNTRPT–at
REM
children
‘There is Basket Ogress, monster to the children, where she has been poked so she burns to death.’ 109 gʷəl əxʷslək’ʷədab ti ə wiw’su gʷəl
as–dxʷs–lək’ʷ–t–ab
SCONJ
STAT–CTD–eaten–ICS–DSD
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘And she wants to eat the children.’ 110 gʷətulək’ʷəd bək’ʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəxʷi əs ti ə sgʷəlaltəbs gʷə=tu=lək’ʷ–t
bək’ʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
gʷə=xʷi =as
ti ə
SBJ=PAST=eaten–ICS
all
PROX
children
SBJ=NEG=3SBRD
PROX
s=gʷəlal–t–b=s NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘She would have eaten all the children if she hadn’t been killed.’ 111 ti i kikəwi ti utəlawil ti i
ki–kəwi
ti
DIST
ATTN–hunchback
SPEC
u–təlawil PFV–run
‘The one who has run away is Little Hunchback.’ 112 gʷəl uyəcəb dxʷ al tuˑdi dxʷdi i gʷəl
u–yəc–b
SCONJ
PFV–report–MD
dxʷ– al
tudi
dxʷ–di i
CNTRPT–at
DIST.DMA
CNTRPT–yonder
‘And he reported it over there.’ 113 huy əƛ’axʷ ti i cədi huy SCONJ
aci talbixʷ ti i
əƛ’=axʷ
ti i
cədi
come=now
DIST
s/he
əbsbədbəda aci talbixʷ people
as–bəs–bəd–bəda STAT–PROP–DSTR–offspring
‘Then the people that had children come.’
ti i DIST
338
Basket Ogress
114 Levi Lamont: Sit still!2 115 huy dᶻahak’ʷu əxʷ kʷa( ) ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ huy dᶻahak’ʷu =axʷ kʷa u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ at.long.last:RDP=now
SCONJ
PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now
PTCL
‘Then they have finally killed her.’ 116 həli u xʷ həli
u xʷ
alive
PTCL
‘(The children) are still alive.’ 117 huy ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ ə ti ə huy
u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ
ə
PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
PR
ti ə PROX
‘Then (Basket Ogress) has been killed by them.’ 118 lab ti
iišəd ə ti ə wiw’su
lab
ti
iišəd
see
SPEC
ə
relatives
PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘The relatives of the children see.’ 119
u il u– il PFV–arrive
‘They have arrived.’ 120 di ti ə wiw’su ti ə di FOC
əscaq’apsəbəd əlgʷə
ti ə
wiw’su
ti ə
PROX
children
PROX
ə ti i hikʷ hud
as–caq’•apsəb–t STAT–impaled•throat–ICS
əlgʷə PL
hikʷ hud big
burn
‘The ones who speared her in the throat in the big fire are the children.’ 121 gʷəl a ti ə gʷəl SCONJ
’ əƛ’ ’ƛ’a
a be.there
ti ə PROX
’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone
‘And there are big rocks.’
__________ 2
This is probably directed to one of the family dogs.
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
339
122 di əxʷ dəxʷtəš a di =axʷ
dəxʷ=təš=s
FOC=now
ADNM=misfortune=3PO
a be.there
‘That was how she comes to a bad end.’ 123 hay gʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ dxʷ al s atəbəds hay SCONJ
gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ
tsi ə
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
dxʷ– al
harmed–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
CNTRPT–at
s= atəbəd=s NM=die=3PO
‘So the Basket Ogress is killed so that she dies.’ 124 yubil yubil die ‘She dies.’ 125 gʷəl kʷa təb gʷəl
kʷa –t–b
SCONJ
released–ICS–PASS
‘And she is released.’ 126 hay huyəxʷ gʷəl (h)uy xʷu ələ pədi təbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi hay
huy=axʷ
gʷəl
huy
xʷu ələ
SCONJ
SCONJ=now
SCONJ
SCONJ
maybe
pəd•i –t–b=axʷ
ə
buried•covering–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘And so then it seems she is buried by them.’ 127 gʷəl pədi təbəxʷ aha al ti i tuxʷudad ə kʷi dirt gʷəl
pəd•i –t–b-axʷ
SCONJ
ah–a
buried•covering–ICS–PASS=now
tu=xʷhudad
ə
PAST=ashes
PR
kʷi
dirt
REM
dirt
INTNS–be.there
‘She is buried right there in the ashes with the dirt.’ 128 huy ahəxʷ əspədi huy SCONJ
a=axʷ be.there=now
as–pəd•i STAT–buried•covering
‘Then she is buried right there.’
al ti i at
DIST
340
Basket Ogress
129 huy əgʷəlbaxʷ huy SCONJ
əgʷə –b=axʷ leave–PASS=now
‘Then she is left behind.’ 130 day’əxʷ t s i ə qi qəl’adi tubi bəda s day’=axʷ
tsi ə
qi –qəl’adi
tu=bi –bəda –s
uniquely=now
PROX:FEM
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
PAST=ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘Qiqeladi, the daughter of Basket Ogress, is alone.’ 131
ʷul’əxʷ tu u ʷəxʷ ʷul’=axʷ
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
only=now
PAST=go=now
‘She just went.’ 132 tu ibəšəxʷ tu= ibəš=axʷ PAST=travel=now
‘She travelled.’ 133 tusaxʷəbəxʷ tsi ə tubi bəda s tu=saxʷəb=axʷ
tsi ə
tu=bi –bəda –s
PAST=jump=now
PROX:FEM
PAST=ATTN–offspring–3PO
‘Her daughter ran.’ 134 hay u ʷəxʷ ti ə caadi hay SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
PROX
caadi they
‘So they go.’ 135
iləxʷ t s i ə tusisters il=axʷ arrive=now
tsi ə
tu=sister–s
PROX:FEM
PAST=sister–3PO
‘Her sister comes.’ 136
ʷub kʷi sda ʷub Lhxwubxw
ə t s i ə tusuq’ʷa s kʷi
s=da
REM
NM=named
ə PR
‘The name of her sister is Lhxwubxw.’
tsi ə
tu=suq’ʷa –s
PROX:FEM
PAST=younger.sibling–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
341
137 suq’ʷa s xʷu ələ suq’ʷa –s
xʷu ələ
younger.sibling–3PO
maybe
‘She is maybe her younger cousin.’ 138 tasxʷi xʷi ilu tu= as–xʷi xʷi –ilu PAST=STAT–hunt–PRPV
‘She had gone to hunt.’ 139 gʷəl ləcut tsi i cədi
ʷub
gʷəl
lə=cut
tsi i
cədi
SCONJ
PROG=say
DIST:FEM
s/he
ʷub Lhxwubxw
‘And Lhxwubxw speaks.’ 140 hiˑ yaw’ dᶻə hi
əspədi təb sixʷ ə tsə dᶻəgʷa ti i sxʷi xʷi s yaw’ dᶻə as–pəd•i –t–b
come.on
only.if
STAT–buried•covering–ICS–PASS
PTCL
tsə
dᶻəgʷa
ti i
sxʷi xʷi –s
NSPEC:FEM
expert
DIST
hunt–3PO
‘ “Hey! Can it be that the expert (hunter) has buried her game?’ 141 xʷu ələ sixʷ sxʷi xʷi s ti ə tuq’əlsəd xʷu ələ
sixʷ
sxʷi xʷi –s
ti ə
tu=q’əls–t
maybe
PTCL
hunt–3PO
PROX
PAST=steam–ICS
‘ “Maybe it is her game which has been steamed.’ 142 gʷəl əspədi txʷəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
as–pəd•i –txʷ=axʷ STAT–buried•covering–ECS=now
‘ “And she has it buried.’ 143 gʷəl hu xʷ əspədi txʷəxʷ gʷəl
u xʷ
SCONJ
still
as–pəd•i –txʷ=axʷ STAT–buried•covering–ECS=now
‘ “And she still has it buried.” ’ 144 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then she goes.’
sixʷ
ə
PTCL
PR
342
Basket Ogress
145 gʷəl tabədəxʷ ti i cədi
əspədi
gʷəl
taba–t=axʷ
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
do–ICS=now
DIST
s/he
al ti i tuhud as–pəd•i
al ti i
STAT–buried•covering
at
DIST
tu=hud PAST=burn
‘And she helps herself to what is buried in the fire.’ 146
əsaydxʷ əsq’əlstub as–hay–dxʷ
as–q’əls–txʷ–b
STAT–known–DC
STAT–steamed–ECS–PASS
‘She knows something has been steamed.’ 147 huy q’a i ədəxʷ ti ə huy
q’a •i –t=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
uncover•covering–ICS=now
PROX
‘Then she digs it up.’ 148 t aˑxʷ əsq’ʷəl t =axʷ
as–q’ʷəl
truly=now
STAT–cooked
‘It is really cooked.’ 149
əsgʷəbiləd as–gʷəbiləd STAT–overcooked
‘It is well-done.’ 150 gʷəl cick’ʷəxʷ əstaˑgʷəxʷəxʷ tsi ə cədi gʷəl SCONJ
cick’ʷ=axʷ
as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ
very=now
STAT–hungry=now
ay’əds
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
ʷub Lhxwubx ‘And her companion, Lhxwubx, is very hungry.’ 151 tas ibəš tu= as– ibəš PAST=STAT–travel
‘She had been travelling.’
ʷub
tsi ə
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
343
152 tasxʷi xʷi ilu tu= as–xʷi xʷi –ilu PAST=STAT–hunt–PRPV
‘She had gone to hunt.’ 153 cick’ʷ əstagʷəxʷ cick’ʷ very
as–tagʷəxʷ STAT–hungry
‘She is very hungry.’ 154 huy ə ədaxʷ huy
ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now
SCONJ
‘Then she eats.’ 155
əxʷcutabid sxʷi xʷi
ə tsi ə
ay’əds ti ə
as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t
sxʷi xʷi
STAT–CTD–speak–DSD–MAP–ICS
ti ə
əsq’ʷəl
game
ə
tsi ə
PR
ay’əd–s
PROX:FEM
companion–3PO
as–q’ʷəl
PROX
STAT–cooked
‘She thinks that what has been cooked is her companion’s game.’ 156 gʷaˑ tu ʷ cədi ti i
ugʷəlaltəb
gʷa
tu ʷ
cədi
ti i
but
just
s/he
DIST
u–gʷəlal–t–b PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS
‘But it is just the one who has been killed.’ 157 hay əskʷukʷtxʷəxʷ hay SCONJ
as–kʷukʷ–txʷ=axʷ STAT–cook–ECS=now
‘So she has been cooked.’ 158 huy lək’ʷtəbaxʷ ə tsi ə cədi huy
lək’ʷ–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
eaten–ICS–PASS=now
əbs ay’əd ə PR
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘Then she is eaten by the one who has a companion.’ 159
ə ədaˑxʷ ə əd=axʷ feed.on=now ‘She eats.’
as–bəs– ay’əd STAT–PROP–companion
344
Basket Ogress
160 huy ə əxʷ ti u ə huy
ə =axʷ‿ti
u–
seemingly=now
SCONJ
PFV–sick
‘Then she gets kind of sick.’ 161 gʷəl cutəxʷ gʷəl
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
‘And she speaks.’ 162 šəwaˑ di alaqəp šəqəq šəwa
di •alaqəp
šq–q
INTJ
FOC•odour
DIM.EFF–high
‘ “Barf! It smells like older sister.’3 163 šəwaˑ di alaqəp šəqəq šəwa
di •alaqəp
šq–q
INTJ
FOC•odour
DIM.EFF–high
‘ “Barf! It smells like older sister.” ’ 164 di əxʷ tsi i tu ay’əds tsi i
uhaydxʷəxʷ ti i su ə əds
di =əxʷ
tsi i
tu= ay’əd–s
tsi i
FOC=NOW
DIST:FEM
PAST=companion–3PO
DIST:FEM
ti i
s= u– ə əd=s
DIST
NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
u–hay–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–known–DC=now
‘It is her late companion that she realizes that she has eaten.’ 165 huy
axʷ tsi ə cədi
huy SCONJ
=axʷ sick=now
ʷub tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
ʷub Lhxwubx
‘Then Lhxwubx gets sick.’ 166 huy tula bəxʷ ukʷa ədəxʷ huy
tu=həla b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=really=now
u–kʷa –t=axʷ PFV–released–ICS=now
‘She really let it go.’
__________ 3
It isn’t clear how closely the translation offered here corresponds to the literal meaning of the expression, if at all.
Martha Williams Lamont
345
167 huy bə ibəš xʷu ələ tsi i cədi
ʷub
huy
bə= ibəš
xʷu ələ
tsi i
cədi
SCONJ
ADD=travel
maybe
DIST:FEM
s/he
ʷub Lhxwubx
‘Then it seems that Lhxwubx travels again.’ 168
u ibəš u– ibəš PFV–travel
‘She travelled.’ 169
up’aƛ’acutəxʷ u–p’aƛ’acut=axʷ PFV–grope.along=now
‘She groped along.’ 170
uhaydxʷəxʷ u–hay–dxʷ=axʷ PFV–known–DC=now
‘She realizes it.’ 171 di əw’ə tsi tu ay’əds tsi ə su ə əds di
əw’ə
tsi
tu= ay’əd–s
tsi ə
FOC
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
PAST=companion–3PO
PROX:FEM
s= u– ə əd=s NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘It is her companion she has eaten.’ 172 huˑy gʷəl tu u ʷəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi dəxʷ a ə ti i i
əs a lil kʷi tudəxʷu asəxʷ kʷi
tubəsgʷəlaltəbsəxʷ huy
gʷəl
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
dəxʷ= a
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
CNTRPT–at
REM
ADNM=be.there
ti –i i PL–DIST
as– a lil STAT–live
ə PR
kʷi
tu=dəxʷ= u– a=s=əxʷ
kʷi
REM
PAST=ADNM=PFV–be.there=NM=now
REM
tu=bə=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s=axʷ PAST=ADD=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
‘Well then, she went to where those who had been there when (Basket Ogress) was killed live.’
346
Basket Ogress
173 yə i tubəhudabactəbəxʷ yə i
tu=bə=hud•abac–t–b=axʷ
because
PAST=ADD=burn•body–ICS–PASS=now
‘Because she had been burned.’ 174 tucut tu=cut PAST=say
‘She spoke.’ 175
ad kʷi šəgʷ ləp ad where
kʷi
šəgʷ –ləp
REM
path–2PL.PO
‘ “Where is your door?” ’ 176 di
al ti i šqalətxʷ ƛ’usəhəd iw’ ə tə qəladi
di
al at
FOC
ti i
šqalətxʷ
ƛ’u=s=lə=həd iw’
DIST
roof
HAB=NM=PROG=indoors
ə PR
ti SPEC
qəladi up.rooted.tree ‘ “It is on the roof where Qeladi comes in.” ’ 177 gʷəl tu ʷ əshudtubəxʷ gʷəl
tu ʷ
SCONJ
just
as–hud–txʷ–b=axʷ STAT–burn–ECS–PASS=now
‘They just build a fire.’ 178 huy əsaydub huy SCONJ
as–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS
‘Then it is known,’ 179
u ibəš tsi i u= ibəš
ʷub tsi i
IRR=travel
DIST:FEM
ʷub Lhxwubx
‘Lhxwubx will travel (in through the roof).’ 180 huy ʷul’əxʷ bələxʷəbtəb dxʷ al ti i hud huy SCONJ
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
bə=lə=xʷəb–t–b
dxʷ– al
ti i
hud
ADD=PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
CNTRPT–at
DIST
burn
‘She is just thrown in the fire.’
Martha Williams Lamont
347
181 hay ƛ’al’əxʷ bə atəbədəxʷ tsi i
ʷub
hay
ƛ’al’=axʷ
bə= atəbəd=axʷ
tsi i
SCONJ
also=now
ADD=die-now
DIST:FEM
ʷub Lhxwubx
‘So Lhxwubx also dies.’ 182 šubali ti i tusƛ’al’ƛ’alqəb šubali
ti i
tu=sƛ’al’–ƛ’alqəb
many.die
DIST
PAST=DSTR–monster
‘The monsters died in that place.’ 183 ti dəxʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəsƛ’alqəb al ti šqabac ti
dəxʷ=xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=sƛ’alqəb
SPEC
ADNM=NEG=now
REM
SBJ=monster
al ti at
šq•abac high•body
SPEC
‘Which is why there are no monsters up there.’ 184
aləxʷ ti səshuyəxʷ ə ti ə swatixʷtəd al=axʷ at=now
ti
s= as–huyu=axʷ
ə
SPEC
NM=STAT–made=now
PR
ti ə
swatixʷtəd
PROX
land
‘This is how the world has become.’ 185 gʷətu aha u xʷ gʷəxʷi əs ti ə tusgʷəlaltəbs t s i i cədi
i sxʷəyuq’ʷ i t s i i
ay’əds gʷə=tu= ah–a
u xʷ
gʷə=xʷi =as
SBJ=PAST=INTNS–be.there
PTCL
SBJ=NEG=3SBRD
tu=s=gʷəlal–t–b=s PAST=NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
i CONJ
tsi i
ti ə
tsi i
cədi
DIST:FEM
s/he
PROX
i
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
CONJ
Basket.Ogress
ay’əd–s
DIST:FEM
companion–3PO
‘They would be there if the Basket Ogress and her companion had not been killed.’ 186 sa sa bad ‘They are bad.’ 187 ƛ’al’ bəsa kʷi tusəshuys al kʷi tudᶻixʷ ƛ’al’
bə=sa
kʷi
tu=s= as–huyu=s
also
ADD=bad
REM
PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘What they did before that was also bad.’
al at
kʷi
tu=dᶻixʷ
REM
PAST=first
348
Basket Ogress
188 ti ə syəyəhub ti ə
syəyəhub
PROX
legend
‘It is a story.’ 189
ʷadᶻad əlgʷə ʷadᶻa–t
əlgʷə
annihilate–ICS
PL
‘They annihilate them.’ 190
ušubud əlgʷə ti i wiw’su u–šubu–t PFV–disappear–ICS
əlgʷə
ti i
wiw’su
PL
DIST
children
‘They made the children disappear.’ 191 di ha dali əds di
ha –t•ali əd=s
FOC
good–ICS•food=3PO
‘They are their food of choice.’ 192 xʷi gʷəsulək’ʷəds kʷi luƛ’luƛ’ xʷi
gʷə=s= u–lək’ʷ–t=s
kʷi
luƛ’–luƛ’
NEG
SBJ=NM=PFV–eaten–ICS=3PO
REM
DSTR–old
‘They won’t eat the old people.’ 193 day’ ti i wiw’su ti i sə ə əds tsi ə tusƛ’alqəb sxʷəyuq’ʷ i tsi ə cədi day’
ti i
wiw’su
ti i
s=lə= ə əd=s
tsi ə
uniquely
DIST
children
DIST
NM=PROG=feed.on=3PO
PROX:FEM
tu=sƛ’alqəb
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
PAST=monster
Basket.Ogress
i CONJ
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
ay’əds
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
‘It is just the children that are the food of the monster, the Basket Ogress, and her companion.’ 194 hay tu ʷ ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ əlgʷə bək’ʷ hay tu ʷ ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ SCONJ
just
annihilate–ICS–PASS=now
əlgʷə
bək’ʷ
PL
all
‘So they are completely eradicated.’ 195 gʷəl hay tu ibəš kʷədi di i tustabəxʷ tu əy’dubəxʷ gʷəl
hay
tu= ibəš
kʷədi
di i
tu=stab=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=travel
REM.DMA
yonder
PAST=what=now
Martha Williams Lamont
349
tu= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ PAST=find–DC–PASS=now
‘So then they travelled there to where they were found.’ 196 xʷu ələ tu əy’dubəxʷ xʷu ələ
tu= əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ
maybe
PAST=find–DC–PASS=now
‘It seems that they were found.’ 197 di
u ti i tuqaw’qs kʷi tudəxʷaydubs
di FOC
u
ti i
tu=qaw’qs
kʷi
tu=dəxʷ=hay–dxʷ–b=s
INT
DIST
PAST=raven
REM
PAST=ADNM=known–DC–PASS=3PO
‘Was it from Raven that they knew?’ 198
ugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ i tsi ə u–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS–PASS=now
ʷub
tsi ə
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
i CONJ
tsi ə PROX:FEM
ʷub Lhxwubx ‘Basket Ogress and Lhxwubx are killed.’ 199 tuhaydubəxʷ ə ti i
aci talbixʷ əs a lil ə
ti i
PR
DIST
tu=hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ PAST=known–DC–PASS=now
aci talbixʷ people
‘It was known by the people who lived there.’ 200 huy tupa əxʷ ti ə caadi huy
tu=pa =axʷ
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
PAST=flee=now
PROX
they
‘Then they fled.’ 201 tupa əxʷ tu=pa =axʷ PAST=flee=now
‘They fled.’ 202 tu u ʷəxʷ tu= u ʷ=axʷ PAST=go=now
‘They went.’
as– a lil STAT–live
350
Basket Ogress
203 tulilcutəxʷ tu=lil–t–sut=axʷ PAST=far–ICS–REFL=now
‘They got away.’ 204
ə ti dᶻə tul’ al stuləkʷ kʷi dəxʷqʷicəxʷ əlgʷə stuləkʷ kʷi ə ‿ti dᶻə tul’– al seemingly
PTCL
CNTRFG–at
river
REM
dəxʷ=qʷic=s=axʷ ADNM=downstream=3PO=now
əlgʷə PL
‘It seems that the place downstream of them is where they come out of the river.’ 205 dxʷ a əd dxʷ– a əd CNTRPT–downstream
‘Downstream.’ 206 ƛ’ubəxʷ ə ƛ’ub=axʷ
ulilcut ə ti i ə
well=now
ušubali
u–lil–t–sut
1PL.SUB
PFV–far–ICS–REFL
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
u–šubali PFV–many.die
‘ “We had better get away from where they died.’ 207 tul’q’ixʷ ti i sa sa tul’–q’ixʷ
ti i
sa –sa
CNTRFG–upstream
DIST
DSTR–bad
‘ “It is bad upstream.” ’ 208 huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
əlgʷə PL
‘Then they go.’ 209 tulilcutəxʷ tu=lil–t–sut=axʷ PAST=far–ICS–REFL=now
‘They got away.’ 210 pa dubutəxʷ əlgʷə tul’ al kʷi gʷəbəs as kʷi gʷətay pa –dxʷ–but=axʷ
əlgʷə
tul’– al
kʷi
gʷə=bə=s= a=s
flee–DC–REFL=now
PL
CNTRFG–at
REM
SBJ=ADD=NM=be.there=3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
kʷi
gʷə=tay
REM
SBJ=raid
351
‘They manage to escape from where they would be raided.’ 211 gʷəl gʷəgʷəlaltəb əlgʷə tul’ al ti ə
i ʷub
gʷəl
gʷə=gʷəlal–t–b
əlgʷə
tul’– al
ti ə
SCONJ
SBJ=harmed–ICS–PASS
PL
CNTRFG–at
PROX
i – ʷub PRTV–lhxwubx
‘And they would be killed because of the other Lhxwubx.’ 212 huˑy tu ahəxʷ huy
tu= a=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=be.there=now
‘Well, she was there.’ 213 gʷəl day’əxʷ tsi ə
i
ʷub
gʷəl
day’=axʷ
tsi ə
SCONJ
uniquely=now
PROX:FEM
i – ʷub ATTN–Lhxwubx
‘And Little Lhxwubx is alone.’ 214 tuqi qəl’adi kʷsi tuhəli tu=qi qəl’adi
kʷsi
tu=həli
PAST=daughter.of.Basket.Ogress
REM:FEM
PAST=alive
‘The one who was alive was Qiqeladi.’ 215 tas aləxʷ kʷi tudəxʷ ibəšsəxʷ tu= as– al=axʷ
kʷi
tu=dəxʷ= ibəš=s=axʷ
PAST=STAT–how=now
REM
PAST=ADNM=travel=3PO=now
‘How did they manage to get there?’ 216 huy gʷəl tubə ay’dubəxʷ ə kʷi stab huy
gʷəl
tu=bə= ay’–dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=find–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
‘Then she was found by something.’ 217 di di FOC
u ti acəc i qaw’qs i stab u INT
ti acəc UNQ
i CONJ
qaw’qs raven
‘Would it be Raven or something?’
i CONJ
stab what
kʷi
stab
REM
what
352
Basket Ogress
218 di
əd əsbaliicəxʷ ti i
di
əd
as–balii–c=axʷ
1SG.SUB
FOC
ti i
STAT–forget–ALTV=now
DIST
‘I forget what it was.’ 219 gʷəl tu u ʷtubəxʷ tsi ə cədi qi qəl’adi gʷəl
tu= u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
tsi ə
cədi
qi –qəl’adi
SCONJ
PAST=go–ECS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
s/he
ATTN–up.rooted.tree
‘And that Qiqeladi was taken.’ 220 t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go.home–ECS–PASS=now ‘She is taken home.’ 221 gʷəl tu ʷəxʷ tubəgʷəlaltəb gʷəl
tu ʷ=axʷ
tu=bə=gʷəlal–t–b
SCONJ
just=now
PAST=ADD=harmed–ICS–PASS
‘And she was just killed.’ 222 ƛ’al’ kʷi aci əxʷ tubədəxʷgʷəlaltəbs i tsi ə ƛ’al’
kʷi
also
aci =axʷ pause=now
REM
tsi ə
PAST=ADD=ADNM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
ʷub
PROX:FEM
ʷub tubə ay’əd
tu=bə=dəxʷ=gʷəlal–t–b=s tu=bə= ay’əd
Lhxwubw
PAST=ADD=companion
‘They waited to killed her, too, in addition to her companion Lhxwubx.’ 223 bək’ʷil əlgʷə bək’ʷ–il
əlgʷə
all–INCH
PL
‘That is all of them.’ 224 gʷəl tusƛ’alqəb əlgʷə gʷətu ahəs gʷəl
tu=sƛ’alqəb
əlgʷə
gʷə=tu= a=as
SCONJ
PAST=monster
PL
SBJ=PAST=be.there=3SBRD
‘They were the monsters when they existed.’ 225 šubali šubali many.die ‘They die.’
i CONJ
Martha Williams Lamont
353
226 hay ƛ’ubiləxʷ ti ə swatixʷtəd hay
ƛ’ub–il=axʷ
ti ə
swatixʷtəd
SCONJ
well–INCH=now
PROX
land
‘So, the land became better.’ 227 hayəxʷ gʷəl gʷəbəs ista əs kʷi dxʷlaq hay=axʷ
gʷəl
gʷə=bə= as– ista =as
kʷi
dxʷlaq
SCONJ=now
SCONJ
SBJ=ADD=STAT–be.like=3SBRD
REM
childless
‘So then they would have been childless.’ 228 xʷi gʷəs as kʷi sƛ’alqəb gʷu ʷadᶻad kʷi wiw’su al kʷi dxʷlaq xʷi
gʷə=s= a=s
kʷi
sƛ’alqəb
gʷə= u– ʷadᶻa–t
kʷi
NEG
SBJ=NM=be.there=3PO
REM
monster
SBJ=PFV–annihilate–ICS
REM
wiw’su
al
children
at
kʷi
dxʷlaq
REM
childless
‘There are no more monsters who could annihilate the children (and leave them) childless.’ 229 ck’ʷaqaqid ulə ista tub kʷi bək’ʷ stab ck’ʷaq–aqid
u=lə= ista –txʷ–b
INTNS–always
IRR=PROG=be.like–ECS–PASS
kʷi
bək’ʷ stab
REM
all
what
‘They would always be doing everything like that.’ 230 šubali ti ə tu ʷadᶻad ti i wiw’su šubali ti ə tu= u– ʷadᶻa–t many.die
PROX
PAST=PFV–annihilate–ICS
‘Those who annihilated the children died there.’ 231 ƛ’ulək’ʷəd əlgʷə ti i wiw’su ƛ’u= u–lək’ʷ–t
əlgʷə
ti i
wiw’su
HAB=PFV–eaten–ICS
PL
DIST
children
‘They always eat children.’ 232 ck’ʷaqid ulək’ʷəd əlgʷə ck’ʷaqid always
u–lək’ʷ–t PFV–eaten–ICS
əlgʷə PL
‘They have always eaten them.’
ti i
wiw’su
DIST
children
354
Basket Ogress
233 tusaxʷəbdubut ti ə kikəwi tu=saxʷəb–dxʷ–but
ti ə
ki–kəwi
PAST=jump–DC–REFL
PROX
ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback managed to get away.’ 234 gʷəl tuyəcəb dxʷ al ti ə
aci talbixʷ
gʷəl
tu=yəc–b
dxʷ– al
ti ə
SCONJ
PAST=report–MD
CNTRPT–at
PROX
‘And he told the people.’ 235 di əxʷ ti i tukʷaxʷdxʷ ti i i di =axʷ
ti i
tu=kʷaxʷ–dxʷ
ti –i i
FOC=now
DIST
PAST=helped–DC
PL–DIST
‘They were the ones who helped them.’ 236 di
u šac’s
di FOC
u
s=šac’=s
INT
NM=finished=3PO
Levi Lamont: ‘Is that the end?’ 237
i i INTJ
‘Yes.’ 238 həli ti i wiw’su həli
ti i
wiw’su
alive
DIST
children
‘The children are alive.’ 239 tu a tu= a PAST=be.there
‘They were there.’ 240 tuhəli tu=həli PAST=alive
‘They were alive.’ 241 Saved their live.
aci talbixʷ people
Martha Williams Lamont
355
242 huy ugʷəlaldəxʷ əlgʷə tsi ə sxʷəyuq’ʷ huy SCONJ
u–gʷəlal–t=axʷ PFV–harmed–ICS=now
əlgʷə
tsi ə
sxʷəyuq’ʷ
PL
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘Then they have killed the Basket Ogress.’ 243 And that was the last.
356
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1
ista b ti i bəš əb i ti i tətyika su suq’ʷa s ista –b be.like–MD
ti i
bəš əb
DIST
mink
i CONJ
ti i
tətyika
su –suq’ʷa –s
DIST
Tutyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
‘This is what Mink and his little younger cousin Tutyika are like.’ 2
huy gʷəl ha ləb kʷi swatixʷtəd huy
gʷəl
ha –b
kʷi
swatixʷtəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
good–MD
REM
land
‘And then the world (i.e., the weather) is clear.’ 3
huy u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy
u ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
go=now
SCONJ
PL
‘Then they go.’ 4
ulu əxʷ ulu =axʷ travel.by.water=now ‘They go by canoe.’
5
xʷi xʷi əxʷ əlgʷə xʷi xʷi =axʷ
əlgʷə
hunt=now
PL
‘They are hunting.’ 6
pədᶻatu əxʷ əlgʷə pədᶻatu =axʷ əlgʷə duck.hunt=now
PL
‘They are hunting along the shore.’ 7
stab ti i s pədᶻatu s stab ti i s=pədᶻatu =s what
DIST
NM=duck.hunt=3PO
‘What are they hunting?’
__________ 1
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
Martha Williams Lamont
8
357
xʷu ələ bu qʷ xʷu ələ
bu qʷ
maybe
waterfowl
‘Perhaps it was duck.’ 9
stab kʷi ƛ’usxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə stab
kʷi
ƛ’u=s=xʷi xʷi =s
əlgʷə
what
REM
HAB=NM=hunt=3PO
PL
‘What were they hunting?’ 10
uˑ ha ləb u INTJ
ha –b good–MD
‘Oh, it had cleared.’ 11 day’əxʷ (h)a
slə il
day’=axʷ
ha
slə –il
uniquely=now
good
daylight–INCH
‘It is a very nice day.’ 12 huy ulu əxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
ə ti i bu qʷ
ulu =axʷ
əlgʷə
travel.by.water=now
PL
ə
ti i
bu qʷ
PR
DIST
waterfowl
‘Then they are going by canoe for ducks.’ 13 stab kʷi s pədᶻatu əxʷ s stab kʷi s=pədᶻatu =axʷ=s what
REM
NM=duck.hunt=now=3PO
‘What are they hunting?’ 14 tiləb ləƛ’iƛ’q ti i
xʷəlu
tiləb
lə=ƛ’i–ƛ’q
ti i
immediately
PROG=ATTN–emerge
DIST
‘All of a sudden Whale is surfacing.’ 15 ləƛ’iq lə=ƛ’iq PROG=emerge
‘He is surfacing.’
xʷəlu whale
358
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
16 bəƛ’iq bə=ƛ’iq ADD=emerge
‘He surfaces again.’ 17 ləsha ləb ləs–ha l–b PROG.STAT–good–MD
‘It is clearing up.’ 18 tiləbəxʷ uq’ atəb ə ti ə bəš əb tiləb=axʷ
u–q’ a–t–b
ə
PFV–insult–ICS–PASS
immediately=now
PR
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘Right away Whale is insulted by Mink.’ 19
u ə id əw’ə tə xʷi ləha
udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd
u– ə id
əw’ə
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
PTCL
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
PFV–what.happen
u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body
‘ “Why is that nogood so-and-so making such noises?” ’ 20 bə ’i ’it kʷi sutabs bə= ’i– ’it
kʷi
s= u–taba=s
ADD=ATTN–near
REM
NM=PFV–do=3PO
‘What he is doing is coming nearer.’ 21 ləƛ’iq lə=ƛ’iq PROG=emerge
‘He is surfacing.’ 22 ƛ’ucutcutəbəxʷ ə ti ə tətyika ƛ’u=cut–cut–t–b=axʷ HAB=DSTR–say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
‘He (Mink) is always told by Tutyika,’ 23
ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’
ti ə
tətyika
PROX
Tutyika
Martha Williams Lamont
359
24 kʷa əd kʷa –t released–ICS ‘ “Leave him alone!’ 25 gʷulabdub əxʷ əxʷ
gʷə= u–lab–dxʷ–b SBJ=PFV–look–DC–PASS
2SG.SUB
‘ “You might be noticed.’ 26 gʷələk’ʷtəb ə gʷə=lək’ʷ–t–b
ə
SBJ=eaten–ICS–PASS
1PL.SUB
‘ “We might be eaten.” ’ 27 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘No.’ 28 bəq’ ad bə=q’ a–t ADD=insult–ICS
‘He insults him some more.’ 29 bəƛ’iq ti i
xʷəlu
bə=ƛ’iq
ti i
ADD=emerge
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Whale surfaces again.’ 30 bə əƛ’ bə= əƛ’ ADD=come
‘He comes again.’ 31 bə ’i ’itəxʷ bə= ’i– ’it=axʷ ADD=ATTN–near=now
‘He comes a little closer.’
360
32
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
ə idəxʷ tə xʷi ləha ə id=axʷ what.happen=now
udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd kʷi dəxʷ ’its kʷi bəsucutcuts tə
xʷi
lə=ha
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body
kʷi
dəxʷ= ’it=s
kʷi
REM
ADNM=near=3PO
REM
bə=s= u–cut–cut=s ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘ “Why is that no-good one making noise as he comes closer speaking over and over?” ’ 33 ləpə cut lə=pə cut PROG=spout
‘He is spouting.’ 34
ʷubisəxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now ‘ “Be quiet!’
35
ubəq’təb ə u=bəq’–t–b
ə
IRR=have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
1PL.SUB
‘ “We’ll be swallowed.’ 36
ʷubisəxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now ‘ “Be quiet about him.’
37
ulabdub əxʷ u= u–lab–dxʷ–b IRR=PFV–look–DC–PASS
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You’ll be noticed.” ’ 38 xʷi ləha kʷ bəƛ’iq ti i
xʷəlu
xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
bə=ƛ’iq
ti i
NEG
NEGP=long.time
ADD=emerge
DIST
‘It isn’t long before Whale surfaced again.’
xʷəlu whale
Martha Williams Lamont
361
39 bəq’ atəb ə ti ə bəš əb bə=q’ a–t–b
ə
ADD=insult–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘He is insulted by Mink again.’ 40
ə id əw’ə tə xʷi ləha ə id what.happen
kʷi bədəxʷuyaw’s li ’it kʷi suƛ’iqs supə cutigʷəds
əw’ə
tə
xʷi
PTCL
NSPEC
NEG
lə=ha
kʷi
NEGP=good
REM
bə=dəxʷ= u–yaw’=s
li – ’it
kʷi
s= u–ƛ’iq=s
ADD=ADNM=PFV–proceed=3PO
PRLV–near
REM
NM=PFV–emerge=3PO
s= u–pə cut•igʷəd=s NM=PFV–spout•inside.body=3PO
‘ “Why is that no-good so-and-so constantly surfacing and spouting nearby?” ’ 41 huy gʷəl bə u ʷ huy
gʷəl
bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘And then he goes on.’ 42 bəƛ’iq bə=ƛ’iq ADD=emerge
‘He surfaces again.’ 43 bəq’ abacəd bə=q’ a•abac–t ADD=insult•body–ICS
‘Mink insults him again.’ 44
ə əxʷ ti bə ’it tə xʷi ləha
əxʷpə cutigʷəd[s]
ə =axʷ‿ti
bə= ’it
tə
xʷi
lə=ha
ADD=near
NSPEC
NEG
NEGP=good
seemingly=now
as–dxʷ–pə cut•igʷəd–s STAT–CTD–spout•inside.body–3PO
‘ “He’s kind of close, the no-good so-and-so spouting from his insides.’ 45 yaw’ bəli ’it kʷi sucutcuts yaw’
bə=li – ’it
kʷi
s= u–cut–cut=s
only.if
ADD=PRLV–near
REM
NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘ “He is just coming closer making noises.’
362
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
46 ləpə cut dxʷigʷigʷəd lə=pə cut
dxʷ–higʷ•igʷəd
PROG=spout
CTD–big•belly
‘ “The big-belly is spouting.” ’ 47 hay bəsucutcutəb ə ti ə
suq’ʷa
2
hay
bə=s= u–cut–cut–t–b
ə
SCONJ
ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
suq’ʷa
PROX
younger.sibling
‘So he is spoken to by the younger cousin again.’ 48
ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’
49
ulabdub əxʷ u= u–lab–dxʷ–b
əxʷ
IRR=PFV–look–DC–PASS
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will be noticed.’ 50
əs al ti ə gʷadshuy as– al STAT–how
ti ə
gʷə=ad=s=huyu
PROX
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=made
‘ “Then what will you do?” ’ 51 huy tiləbəxʷ ukʷaˑ əd huy
tiləb=axʷ
u–kʷa –t
SCONJ
immediately=now
PFV–released–ICS
‘Then right away he lets it go.’ 52 gʷəl tiləb bə ’it ti ə
xʷəlu
gʷəl
tiləb
bə= ’it
ti ə
SCONJ
immediately
ADD=near
PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘And right away Whale approaches.’ 53 hay tiləbəxʷ əlgʷə
ubəq’təb bək’ʷ ti ə stiwat
hay
tiləb=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
immediately=now
PL
u–bəq’–t–b PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
bək’ʷ ti ə all
PROX
__________ 2
What is heard on tape is qa ‘older sibling’, but it is clear from the context that it is the younger Tutyika who is cautioning Mink, not the other way around.
Martha Williams Lamont
363
stiwat canoe ‘So right away he abruptly swallows them canoe and all.’ 54 stiwat ti q’il’bids əlgʷə stiwat
ti
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
canoe
SPEC
canoe–3PO
PL
‘Their canoe was a saltwater canoe.’ 55 qadisəbəxʷ əlgʷə qad–il–s–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
behind–INCH–ALTV–PASS=now
PL
‘They are approached from behind.’ 56 gʷəl sut’utəb əlgʷə gʷəl
s= u–t’u–t–b
əlgʷə
SCONJ
NM=PFV–inhale–ICS–PASS
PL
‘They are inhaled.’ 57 gʷəl bəˑq’təb əlgʷə bək’ʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ tətyika gʷəl
bəq’–t–b
əlgʷə
bək’ʷ ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ tətyika
SCONJ
have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
PL
all
poor.guy
PROX
Tutyika
‘And they are swallowed, including poor Tutyika.’ 58 hay u ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə cədi hay
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
go–ECS–PASS=now
ə ti ə cədi
xʷəlu
əlgʷə
ti ə
cədi
ə
PL
PROX
s/he
PR
ti ə
cədi
xʷəlu
PROX
s/he
whale
‘So they are taken by Whale.’ 59
ulu tubəxʷ əlgʷə
ə kʷi liˑl li ’it ə ti ə
ulu –txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
travel.by.water–ECS–PASS=now
PL
əs a a lil ə PR
kʷi
lil
li – ’it
REM
far
PRLV–near
as– a – a lil STAT–ATTN–live
‘They are taken far off near those who are living there.’ 60 hay gʷəl ləti tsadi əxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb hay
gʷəl
lə=ti –ts•adi =axʷ
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=ATTN–rap•side=now
PROX
s/he
mink
‘So then Mink is tapping on the inside.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
364
61
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
əsluud kʷədi ƛ’udəxʷuƛ’əladi s as–lu–t STAT–hear–ICS
kʷədi
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–ƛ’əladi =s
REM.DMA
HAB=ADNM=PFV–make.noise=3PO
‘He heard a sound off yonder.’ 62
up’ayəq al kʷədi t’aq’t u–p’ayəq PFV–hew
al at
kʷədi
t’aq’t
REM.DMA
inland
‘(A person) is hewing out a canoe way up on shore.’ 63 huy əsdᶻək’ʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy as–dᶻək’ʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ SCONJ
əlgʷə
STAT–wander–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they have been wandered off with.’ 64 ləcutcutəxʷ lə=cut–cut=axʷ PROG=DSTR–say=now
‘(Mink) is singing.’ 65 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab
əxʷ
what
stab
2SG.SUB
what
u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS
‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 66 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab
əxʷ
what
stab
2SG.SUB
what
u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS
‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 67 ləs aciwad əd ə tə luluƛ’ xʷəluˑ ləs– ac•igʷəd
xʷəluˑ əd
PROG.STAT–centre•inside.body
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
whale
whale
xʷəluˑ ə
1SG.SUB PR
tə
lu–luƛ’
NSPEC
ATTN–old
‘♪ “I am inside Old Man Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’ 68 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now
‘He sang.’
xʷəlu whale
Martha Williams Lamont
365
69 lətsadi lə=ts•adi PROG=rap•side
‘He is pounding the insides (of Whale).’ 70 ləsdəkʷ al ti ə
ʷəlu
ləs–dəkʷa
al
PROG.STAT–inside
ti ə
at
ʷəlu whale
PROX
‘He is inside Whale.’ 71 xʷi gʷəs ə i d tubs əlgʷə xʷi
gʷə=s= ə id–txʷ–b=s
əlgʷə
NEG
SBJ=NM=what.happen–ECS–PASS=3PO
PL
‘Nothing has been done to them.’ 72 tu ʷ əlgʷə
uhuyutəb s ušəbabtxʷ ƛ’ub uhaydxʷ
tu ʷ əlgʷə just
u–huyu–t–b PFV–made–ICS–PASS
PL
s= ušəbab–txʷ
ƛ’ub
NM=humble–ECS
well
u–hay–dxʷ PFV–known–DC
‘But they have been made humble so they would know better.’ 73 bəluud ti i
uƛ’əladi
bə=lu–t
ti i
ADD=hear–ICS
DIST
u–ƛ’əladi PFV–make.noise
‘He hears the noise again.’ 74 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab
əxʷ
what
stab
2SG.SUB
what
u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS
‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 75 stab əxʷ stab uk’ʷ ʷiqi[d] stab
əxʷ
what
stab
2SG.SUB
what
u–k’ʷ ʷiqi–t PFV–make.pounding.noise–ICS
‘♪ “What, oh what is making those pounding noises? ♪’ 76 ləs aciwad əd ə tə luluƛ’ xʷəluˑ ləs– ac•igʷəd
xʷəluˑ əd
PROG.STAT–centre•inside.body
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
whale
whale
1SG.SUB
xʷəluˑ ə PR
tə
lu–luƛ’
NSPEC
ATTN–old
‘♪ “I am inside Old Man Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’
xʷəlu whale
366
77
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
aˑl kʷi ila ad ə ti əs a lil al at
kʷi
ila ad
REM
ə
side
ti
PR
as– a lil
SPEC
STAT–live
‘(They are) on the other side of those who live there.’ 78 huy dᶻu ʷatub əlgʷə ə ti ə xʷəlu huy dᶻu ʷat–txʷ–b əlgʷə ə vomit–ECS–PASS
SCONJ
PR
PL
ti ə PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘Then they are vomited up by Whale.’ 79 gʷəl cutəbəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘And they are told,’ 80 hay əs ista hay SCONJ
udskʷa tubu əd
as– ista
u=d=s=kʷa –t–ubu əd
STAT–be.like
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=released–ICS–2PL.OBJ
‘ “So, like that I am letting you go.’ 81 xʷi əxʷ kʷi ubədsuq’əq’ abacəd xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
NEG=now
REM
u=bə=ad=s= u–q’ə–q’ •abac–t IRR=ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–RDP–insult•body–ICS
‘ “Don’t insult my appearance again!” ’ 82 huˑy ayəbəxʷ ti ə bəš əb huy SCONJ
ayəb=axʷ laugh=now
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘Then Mink laughs.’ 83
ukʷukʷbidəxʷ ti ə tətyika. ukʷukʷ–bi–t=axʷ play–MAP–ICS=now
ti ə
tətyika
PROX
Tutyika
‘He makes fun of Tutyika.’ 84 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now
‘He says,’ 85 sa ha ha ha ha ‘ “Ah ha ha ha ha.’
Martha Williams Lamont
367
86 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’q id tə tətyika put=axʷ
as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qid
really=now
STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head
tə
tətyika
NSPEC
Tutyika
‘ “Tutyika is completely bald.’ 87 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’q id put=axʷ
as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qid
really=now
STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head
‘ “He is completely bald.” ’ 88 gʷəl ləcuuc ti ə tətyika gʷəl
lə=cut–c
ti ə
tətyika
SCONJ
PROG=say–ALTV
PROX
Tutyika
‘And Tutyika tells him,’ 89 day’ dᶻə day’
u əca kʷi əs uq’ʷ uq’ʷəyul’q id dᶻə u əca kʷi as– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•əy•ul’•qid
uniquely
PTCL
INT
I
STAT–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head
REM
‘ “Does it seem that I am the only one who has a bald head?’ 90 putəxʷ əxʷ əs uq’ʷqid dəxʷ uq’ʷus təš ti ə sbəq’təb ə put=axʷ really=now
as– uq’ʷ•qid
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
STAT–peeled•head
dəxʷ= uq’ʷ•us=s ADNM=peeled•face=3PO
təš
ti ə
s=bəq’–t–b
ə
misfortune
PROX
NM=have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
1PL.PO
‘ “You are really bald, you are bald (due to) the misfortune of our being swallowed.’ 91 adsgʷa adshuyalc ti ə cəxʷhuyəxʷ əs ista ad–sgʷa
ad=s=huyu–alc
ti ə
2SG.PO–ones.own
2SG.PO=NM=made–PRDCT
PROX
d=dəxʷ=huyu=axʷ 1SG.PO=ADNM=made=now
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘ “It’s your doing that I have been made like this.” ’ 92 bə ayəb bə= ayəb ADD=laugh
‘Mink laughs some more.’ 93 sa ha ha ha ‘ “Ah ha ha ha.’
368
Mink and Tutyika (First Telling)
94 putəxʷ əxʷ uq’ʷ uq’ʷayul’qʷəd tə tətyika. put=axʷ
as–dxʷ– uq’ʷ– uq’ʷ•ay•ul’•qʷəd
really=now
STAT–CTD–DSTR–peeled•CNN•CNN•head
tə
tətyika
NSPEC
Tutyika
‘ “Tutyika is completely bald.” ’ 95 lə ulu əxʷ əlgʷə lə= ulu =axʷ
əlgʷə
PROG=travel.by.water=now
PL
‘They are going by canoe now.’ 96 hay aˑlil əlgʷə hay
alil
SCONJ
əlgʷə
go.ashore
PL
‘So they go ashore.’ 97 ləs ʷul’dubut ləs– ʷul’–dxʷ–but PROG.STAT–only–DC–REFL
‘They have managed to get themselves close.’ 98 gʷəl cutubu gʷəl
cut–t–ubu
SCONJ
say–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “And we were spoken to.’ 99
ubəq’təb ə
ə tə xʷəlu
u–bəq’–t–b
ə
PFV–have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS
ə
1PL.SUB
PR
tə
xʷəlu
NSPEC
whale
‘ “We have been swallowed by Whale.’ 100 təš ti ə ƛ’usulabdub ə ti ə ƛ’uləcutcut təš
ti ə
ƛ’u=s= u–lab–dxʷ–b
misfortune
PROX
HAB=NM=PFV–look–DC–PASS
ə PR
ti ə PROX
ƛ’u=lə=cut–cut HAB=PROG=DSTR–say
‘ “That the talking over and over was noticed is (our) misfortune.’
ti ə
ə ti ə tusq’ədᶻu ti ə tustab cubcubəd dəxʷ= as– uq’ʷ ə ti ə tu=sq’ədᶻu ti ə
tu=stab
PROX
ADNM=STAT–peeled
PAST=what
101 ti ə dəxʷəs uq’ʷ
PR
PROX
PAST=hair
PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
369
cub–cubəd DSTR–eyebrow
‘ “This is why our hair, what were eyebrows, are peeled.” ’ 102 xʷi kʷi gʷə stabəxʷ xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=stab=axʷ
NEG
REM
SBJ=what=now
‘There is nothing left.’ 103 putəxʷ əsqʷalc put=axʷ really=now
as–qʷalc STAT–boiled
‘It is completely boiled off.’ 104 di shuys di
s=huyu=s
FOC
NM=made=3PO
‘That is the end.’ 105 di šac’ ə ti i di
šac’
FOC
finished
i xʷəlu ə
ti i
PR
DIST
i CONJ
xʷəlu whale
‘That is the end of those (fellows) and Whale.’
370
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling) as told by Martha Lamont1 1
ʷu’ləxʷ ulək’ʷtəb əlgʷə ʷu’l=əxʷ only=now
ə ti i whale əlgʷə
u–lək’ʷ–t–b PFV–eaten–ICS–PASS
PL
ə
ti i
whale
PR
DIST
whale
Levi Lamont: ‘They were just eaten by Whale’ 2
i ti i … i
ti i
INTJ
DIST
Martha Lamont: ‘Yes, that one ...’ 3
Levi Lamont: Well, you know now which one.
4
Yeah, tu ʷ k’ʷəli yeah
tu ʷ
k’ʷəli
yeah
just
INTJ
Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, I sort of remember.’ 5
ləskʷi kʷədad əxʷ ti i dəxʷ a kʷ(i) adsəstabəd ləs–kʷi –kʷəda–t PROG.STAT–DSTR–taken–ICS
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ti i
dəxʷ= a
kʷi
DIST
ADNM=be.there
REM
ad=s= as–taba–t 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–do–ICS Levi Lamont: ‘You hold (the microphone) where it is the way you are.’ 6
Levi Lamont: This is what you talk into, Ma.
7
Martha Lamont: Oh.
8
Levi Lamont: That’s a microphone.
9
Martha Lamont: Mhm.
10
Thom Hess: I can hold it, it’ll be all right, I can just keep my arm out here.
11
Thom Hess: Well, if you’d rather hold it, fine.
12
Levi Lamont: She can hold it.
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 29 July 1969, at Tulalip, WA; transcription by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess.
Martha Williams Lamont
371
13 Levi Lamont: Don’t drop it, honey. 14 Yeah ʷul’ like that u yeah
ʷul’ like
that
u
yeah
only like
that
INT
Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, just like that?’ 15 Thom Hess: That’s fine. 16 Martha Lamont: Mhm. 17 Levi Lamont: You don’t have to be right close to it, either, you can ... 18 Martha Lamont: Mhm. 19 Levi Lamont: That’s my habit, I get it too close to my big mouth. 20 Martha Lamont: Yeah. 21 Levi Lamont: Toothless old mouth. 22 Levi Lamont: Leave Thom alone, what the hell are you looking like that ...2 23 ƛ’al’ əd ləlal’ə ƛ’al’ also
əd
ləlal’ə
1SG.SUB
reminisce
‘I (will) also recount the past.’ 24 ƛ’ubəbəliic əd ƛ’u=bə–balii–c
əd
HAB=RDP–forget–ALTV
1SG.SUB
‘I forget some of it.’ 25 tu ʷ əd ƛ’ula dxʷ tu ʷ just
əd 1SG.SUB
ƛ’u=la –dxʷ HAB=remember–DC
‘But I just remember it.’ 26 tulə ulu ti i
i tətyika
i ti ə sqas bəš əb
tu=lə= ulu
ti i
PAST=PROG=travel.by.water
DIST
i CONJ
tətyika Tutyika
i CONJ
ti ə PROX
__________ 2
This is spoken in a jocular tone and may be directed at one of the Lamonts’ dogs.
372
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
sqa–s
bəš əb
older.brother–3PO
mink
‘Tutyika and his older brother Mink are canoeing.’ 27 bəš əb ti ə sqas bəš əb
ti ə
sqa–s
mink
PROX
older.brother–3PO
‘His older brother is Mink.’ 28 gʷəl lə ulu əlgʷə gʷəl
lə= ulu
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PROG=travel.by.water
PL
‘And they are canoeing.’ 29 gʷəl lət’ilib sixʷ ti ə tətyika gʷəl
lə=t’ilib
sixʷ
ti ə
tətyika
SCONJ
PROG=sing
PTCL
PROX
Tutyika
‘And Tutyika is singing as they go along.’ 30 gʷəl t’ilib gʷəl
t’ilib
SCONJ
sing
‘And he sings.’ 31
iˑ i INTJ
‘Yes.’ 32 cutəb ə ti ə bəš əb cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
‘He is spoken to by Mink,’ 33
ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’
Martha Williams Lamont
373
34 xʷi gʷadsu idigʷat xʷi
gʷə=ad=s= u– idigʷat
NEG
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–say.what
‘ “Don’t say anything!’ 35
u əƛ’cəb ə ə
u= əƛ’–c–b IRR=come–ALTV–PASS
1PL.SUB
‘ “He’ll come after us.’ 36
əsqil’il k’ʷ kʷa
al ti ə
as–qil’il
k’ʷ
kʷa
QTV
PTCL
STAT–lose.child
xʷəlu al ti ə at
PROX
xʷəlu whale
‘ “They say that Whale has lost a child.’ 37
xʷəlu ti i gʷəluutubu xʷəlu whale
ti i
gʷə=lu–t–ubu
DIST
SBJ=hear–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “The one who might hear us is Whale.” ’ 38 yə i əsliqʷil ha yə i
slə il
as–liqʷil
because
STAT–calm.water
ha
slə –il
good
daylight–INCH
‘Because the water is smooth, it is a good day.’ 39 put ha put
ha
really
good
‘It is really nice.’ 40
uqəliltub u–qəl–il–txʷ–b PFV–bad–INCH–ECS–PASS
‘He (Tutyika) is cautioned.’ 41 gʷəl xʷi gʷəsƛ’alabuts gʷəl
xʷi
gʷə=s=ƛ’əlabut=s
SCONJ
NEG
SBJ=NM=understand=3PO
‘But he (Tutyika) doesn’t listen.’
374
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
42 put bəcutcut put
bə=cut–cut
really
ADD=DSTR–say
‘He keeps on talking.’ 43 bəli ’it kʷi səcutcuts bə=li – ’it
kʷi
s=lə=cut–cut=s
ADD=PRLV–near
REM
NM=PROG=DSTR–say=3PO
‘The sounds draw ever closer.’ 44 cutcutəxʷ cut–cut=axʷ DSTR–say=now
‘He (Whale) is making sounds.’ 45 dxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd ə ti acəc ləcutcut dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd
ə PR
CTD–make.sound•inside.body
ti acəc
lə=cut–cut
UNQ
PROG=DSTR–say
‘He is making sounds of the one who is making sounds.’ 46 yaw’ dᶻə bəli ’it kʷi sədxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəds xʷəlu yaw’ dᶻə bə=li – ’it kʷi only.if
PTCL
ADD=PRLV–near
REM
xʷəlu
s=lə=dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd=s NM=PROG=CTD–make.sound•inside.body=3PO
whale
‘The sounds being made by Whale are drawing ever closer.’ 47 ləq’ abacəd ti i
xʷəlu
lə=q’ •abac–t
ti i
PROG=insult•body–ICS
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘He (Tutyika) is insulting Whale’s appearance.’ 48
ʷubisəxʷ kʷa əd əxʷ ʷubil–s=axʷ quiet–ALTV=now
kʷa –t released–ICS
əxʷ [??]
‘ “Be quiet about him! Leave him alone!’ 49 gʷə əƛ’cəbu gʷə= əƛ’–c–bu SBJ=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ
‘ “He might come after us.’
Martha Williams Lamont
375
50 gʷə ə id gʷə əs al ti ə gʷadshuy gʷə əƛ’cəba i gʷə= ə id
gʷə= as– al
ti ə
gʷə=ad=s=huyu
SBJ=what.happen
SBJ=STAT–how
PROX
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=made
gʷə= əƛ’–c–b=a i SBJ=come–ALTV–PASS=1PL.SBJ
‘ “What would happen, what would you do if he came after us?” ’ 51 xʷi kʷi stab gʷəds ə id xʷi
kʷi
stab
gʷə=d=s= ə id
NEG
REM
what
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=what.happen
‘ “Nothing would happen to me.’ 52
ʷul’ əd gʷəsaxʷəb dxʷt’aq’t əda gʷəbašqus kʷi gʷəds a bədsəskiis ʷul’
əd
only
1SG.SUB
gʷə=saxʷəb
dxʷ–t’aq’t
SBJ=jump
CNTRPT–inland
əda 1SG.COORD
gʷə=bə= as–šq•us
kʷi
gʷə=d=s= a
SBJ=ADD=STAT–high•head
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=be.there
bə=d=s= as–kiis ADD=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–stand
‘ “I’d just jump to shore and I’d be high on the hills where I’d be there standing.’ 53 gʷəl dəgʷi gʷəl a kʷi gʷadsudᶻaldᶻalalus xʷa gʷələ isəb xʷa gʷələkʷədatəb ə tə cədi
xʷəlu dxʷ al ad
gʷəl
dəgʷi
gʷəl
SCONJ
you
SCONJ
xʷa
a be.there
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s= u–dᶻal–dᶻal•alus
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–turn•eye
gʷə=lə= il–s–b
2SG.COORD
xʷa
SBJ=PROG=arrive–ALTV–PASS
gʷə=lə=kʷəda–t–b
ə
SBJ=PROG=taken–ICS–PASS
PR
2SG.COORD
tə
cədi
xʷəlu
NSPEC
s/he
whale
dxʷ– al
ad
CNTRPT–at
where
‘ “And you, there you’d be going from end to end (of the canoe) and he’d come up to you and Whale would grab you right where you are.’ 54
gʷəl ʷul’ əd gʷət’əba agʷil əda gʷə u ʷ gʷə u usil gʷə t’i ib gʷəl
ʷul’
SCONJ
only
əd
gʷə=t’əba –agʷil
1SG.SUB
SBJ=fallen.into.water–AUTO
gʷə= u– usil
gʷə=t’i ib
SBJ=PFV–dive
SBJ=swim
‘ “I’d just jump overboard and I’d go and dive and swim.’
əda 1SG.COORD
gʷə= u ʷ SBJ=go
376
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
55 day’ dəgʷi kʷi gʷəs istab kʷ(i) adsu u ʷ xʷa gʷələ isəb day’
dəgʷi kʷi
gʷə=s= ista –b
kʷi
ad=s= u –u ʷ
uniquely
you
SBJ=NM=be.like–MD
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–go
REM
xʷa
gʷə=lə= il–s–b
2SG.COORD
SBJ=PROG=arrive–ALTV–PASS
‘ “You would just be going like that and you’d be reached.” ’ 56
u aƛ’iləxʷ əlgʷə u– aƛ’il=axʷ
əlgʷə
PFV–argue=now
PL
‘They are arguing.’ 57 tu ʷ (h)uy ucutcut tu ʷ
huy
just
SCONJ
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘Then he (Tutyika) keeps on talking.’ 58
ut’ilib u–t’ilib PFV–sing
‘He sings.’ 59
ucutcut u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘He talks on.’ 60
uq’iq’ ad ti ə cədi
xʷəlu
u–q’i–q’ a–t PFV–ATTN–insult–ICS
ti ə
cədi
xʷəlu
PROX
s/he
whale
‘He insults Whale.’ 61
udxʷluˑq’ʷucutigʷəd ti xʷəluˑ u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body
ti SPEC
xʷəlu whale
‘♪ Whale made a noise. ♪’ 62
udxʷluq’ʷucutigʷəd ti xʷəluˑhuˑˑ u–dxʷ–luq’ʷucut•igʷəd PFV–CTD–make.sound•inside.body
‘♪ Whale made a noise. ♪’
ti SPEC
xʷəlu whale
Martha Williams Lamont
63
377
ucucuuc ti i lə ulu u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV
ti i
lə= ulu
DIST
PROG=travel.by.water
‘He speaks to the canoers.’ 64
əsdᶻaqdᶻaqad ti ə as–dᶻaq–dᶻaqa–t
xʷəlu ti ə
STAT–DSTR–mourn–ICS
xʷəlu whale
PROX
‘Whale is mourning.’ 65 tuxʷə il bəda əlgʷə tu=xʷə –il
bəda
əlgʷə
PAST=lack–INCH
offspring
PL
‘They have lost a child.’ 66
ə id ti ə bəda s əlgʷə kʷədi tudəxʷ atəbəds ə id what.happen
ti ə
bəda –s
əlgʷə
kʷədi
tu=dəxʷ= atəbəd=s
PROX
offspring–3PO
PL
REM.DMA
PAST=ADNM=die=3PO
‘What has happened to their son that he died?’ 67 gʷəlaltub u gʷəlal–txʷ–b
u
harmed–ECS–PASS
INT
‘Was he killed?’ 68 gʷəl cick’ʷ əlgʷə lə ə ə
ə
gʷəl
cick’ʷ əlgʷə
lə= ə –ə
SCONJ
very
PROG=DIM.EFF–sick
PL
ə mind
‘And they are very sad.’ 69 gʷəl (h)uy luutəbəxʷ ti ə
ut’ilib
gʷəl
huy
lu–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
hear–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
‘And then the one who is singing is heard.’ 70 huy dukʷtubəxʷ huy
dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
abnormal–ECS–PASS=now
‘And then he is gotten angry with.’
u–t’ilib PFV–sing
378
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
71 ƛ’uqəliltub ə ti ə cədi sqas ƛ’u=qəl–il–txʷ–b
ə
HAB=bad–INCH–ECS–PASS
PR
ti ə
cədi
sqa–s
PROX
s/he
older.brother–3PO
‘He is always warned by his older brother.’ 72
ʷubiləxʷ ʷubil=axʷ quiet=now ‘ “Be quiet!’
73 kʷa ədəxʷ ti i adsucutcut kʷa –t=axʷ
ti i
ad=s= u–cut–cut
released–ICS=now
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–say
‘ “Leave off your chatter!” ’ 74 huy dukʷtubəxʷ əlgʷə huy
dukʷu–txʷ–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
abnormal–ECS–PASS=now
PL
‘Then they are gotten angry with.’ 75
u ʷcəbəxʷ əlgʷə u ʷ–c–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
go–ALTV–PASS=now
PL
‘They are gone after.’ 76
iš əxʷ ti i caadi iš =axʷ paddle=now
ti i
caadi
DIST
they
‘They paddle.’ 77 yə i dᶻəgʷa ha ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə yə i dᶻəgʷa ha ti ə q’il’bid–s because
expert
good
PROX
canoe–3PO
‘Because their canoe is especially good.’ 78
ə ti ʷul’ ƛ’ulətabtəb ə ‿ti seemingly
ʷul’ ƛ’u=lə=tab–taba only
HAB=PROG=DSTR–do
‘It seems that they might just do it.’
əlgʷə PL
Martha Williams Lamont
379
79 gʷəl lə u ʷ lə u ʷ gʷəl
lə= u ʷ
lə= u ʷ
SCONJ
PROG=go
PROG=go
‘And they go and go.’ 80 ha
q’il’bid
ha
q’il’bid
good
canoe
‘It is a good canoe.’ 81 xʷi xʷi wi s əlgʷə xʷi xʷi •wi –s
əlgʷə
hunt•canoe–3PO
PL
‘It is their hunting canoe.’ 82
u ʷcəbəxʷ ti i tətyika u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
i ti i bəš əb sqas ti i
tətyika
DIST
Tutyika
i CONJ
ti i
bəš əb sqa–s
DIST
mink
‘Tutyika and his older brother Mink are gone after.’ 83
isəbəxʷ əlgʷə il–s–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
arrive–ALTV–PASS=now
PL
‘They are reached.’ 84 gʷəl saxʷəbəxʷ ti acəc gʷəl
saxʷəb=axʷ
ti acəc
SCONJ
jump=now
UNQ
‘And this one (Mink) jumps.’ 85 saxʷəbəxʷ ti ə cədi … saxʷəb=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
Sjump=now
PROX
s/he
‘And he jumps, this ...’ 86 bəš əb bəš əb mink Levi Lamont: ‘Mink.’
older.brother–3PO
380
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
87 bəš əb bəš əb mink Martha Lamont: ‘Mink.’ 88
ʷul’əxʷ ut’əba agʷil ʷul’=axʷ
u–t’əba –agʷil
only=now
PFV–fallen.into.water–AUTO
‘He just jumps overboard.’ 89
ʷul’ u u ʷ ʷul’ only
u– u ʷ PFV–go
‘He just goes.’ 90 t’əba agʷil t’əba –agʷil fallen.into.water–AUTO ‘He jumps overboard.’ 91 gʷəl a a hu xʷ ti i cədi sqigʷac gʷəl
a– a INTNS–be.there
SCONJ
u xʷ
ti i
cədi
sqigʷac
PTCL
DIST
s/he
deer
‘And that deer (i.e., Tutyika) is still there.’ 92 ləcudᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ ləcu–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu CONT–DSTR–wander
‘He’s dithering about.’ 93
udᶻəldᶻəlyalus u–dᶻəl–dᶻəl•y•alus PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge
‘He’s going from end to end (of the canoe).’ 94 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəshuydxʷs kʷi gʷəsaxʷəbs ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’uscuts xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s
kʷi
gʷə=s=saxʷəb=s
NEG=now
REM
SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO
REM
SBJ=NM=jump=3PO
ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
ƛ’u=s=cut=s
same.way
PR
DIST
HAB=NM=say=3PO
‘He is not able to jump the way he always says.’
Martha Williams Lamont
381
95 tiləb dxʷ al tudi xʷqʷq’ʷus kʷi gʷəsbə s tiləb
dxʷ– al
tudi
xʷqʷəq’ʷus
kʷi
gʷə=s=bə =s
immediately
CNTRPT–at
DIST.DMA
cliff
REM
SBJ=NM=fall=3PO
‘Where he was supposed to land is right onto yonder cliff.’ 96 xʷi əxʷ gʷəshuydxʷs xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=s=huyu–dxʷ=s
NEG=now
SBJ=NM=made–DC=3PO
‘He can’t do it.’ 97
ʷul’əxʷ udᶻal’dᶻalylus ʷul’=axʷ u–dᶻal’–dᶻal•y•alus only=now
PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge
‘He’s just going from end to end (of the canoe).’ 98 gʷəl ləkʷəd atəb
ə ti i cədi
xʷəlu
gʷəl
lə=kʷəda–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=taken–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
cədi
xʷəlu
PR
DIST
s/he
whale
‘And he is taken by Whale.’ 99 gʷəl ləkʷəd atəb gʷəl
lə=kʷəda–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=taken–ICS–PASS
‘And he is taken.’ 100 gʷəl lə a aqšəditəb gʷəl
lə= a– əq•šəd–i–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=RDP–wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS
‘And his legs are bound.’ 101 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb dxʷ udəgʷi
ə ti ə caadi
gʷəl
lə=xʷəb–t–b
dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi
SCONJ
PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
CTD–centre•canoe
‘And he is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’ 102 xʷəbxʷəbaxʷ dxʷ udəgʷi xʷəb–xʷəb=axʷ
dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi
DSTR–thrown=now
CTD–centre•canoe
‘He is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
382
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
103 xʷi kʷi sgʷəlaltəbs xʷi
kʷi
s=gʷəlal–t–b=s
NEG
REM
NM=harmed–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘He is not killed.’ 104
ʷul’ u a aqšəditəb u– a– aq•šəd–i–t–b
ʷul’ only
PFV–ATTN–wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS
‘His legs are just tied.’ 105 gʷəl əsbə gʷəl
əs a aqšəd al kʷi udəgʷi as–bə
as– a– aq•šəd
STAT–fall
SCONJ
ə ti i qəlalgʷi al kʷi
STAT–ATTN–wrapped•leg
ti i
qəl•al•gʷi
DIST
bad•CNN•canoe
at
REM
udəgʷ•gʷi
ə
centre•canoe
PR
‘And he lies, feet bound, in the middle of that bad canoe.’ 106
əs əqʷ as– əqʷ STAT–wet
‘It is wet.’ 107
ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There he is now.’
108 gʷəl aliləxʷ əlgʷə kʷi ad dəxʷu ulu s əlgʷə gʷəl
alil=axʷ
SCONJ
go.ashore=now
əlgʷə
kʷi
PL
REM
ad where
dəxʷ= u– ulu =s ADNM=PFV–travel.by.water=3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘And they go ashore at the place that they were canoeing to.’ 109
ahəxʷ əstab ti ə bəš əb a=axʷ be.there=now
as–stab STAT–what
‘And there is Mink as he is.’
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
Martha Williams Lamont
383
110 huy gəqəbaxʷ huy
gəq–b=axʷ
SCONJ
brightness–MD=now
‘Then the sun shines.’ 111 gʷəl ha iləxʷ gʷəl
ha –il=axʷ
SCONJ
good–INCH=now
‘And it becomes nice.’ 112 gʷəl gəqəbaxʷ gʷəl
gəq–b=axʷ
SCONJ
brightness–MD=now
‘And the sun shines.’ 113 q’ʷəliləxʷ q’ʷəl–il=axʷ cooked–INCH=now ‘It gets hot.’ 114 huy gʷəl bə ahahəxʷ al ti i huy
gʷəl
bə= ah–a=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=INTNS–be.there=now
al ti i at
DIST
‘And then they are there.’ 115 gʷəl (h)uy xʷu ələ bəhiwiləxʷ ti ə caadi gʷəl
huy
xʷu ələ
bə=hiwil=axʷ
ti ə
caadi
SCONJ
SCONJ
maybe
ADD=go.ahead=now
PROX
they
‘And then they must have gone on again.’ 116 gʷəl ucutcutəxʷ ti ə cədi bəš əb gʷəl SCONJ
u–cut–cut=axʷ PFV–DSTR–say=now
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb
PROX
s/he
mink
‘And Mink speaks.’ 117 yə i ušuucəbəxʷ ə ti ə cədi sgʷəqəb yə i because
u–šu –c–b=axʷ PFV–see–ALTV–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
sgʷəqəb
PROX
s/he
sunshine
‘Because they are looked at by the sunshine.’
384
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
118 putəxʷ ƛ’ušu
ə ti i sgʷəqəb
put=axʷ
ƛ’u=šu
really=now
HAB=see
ə
ti i
sgʷəqəb
PR
DIST
sunshine
‘The sunshine is intense.’ 119 cick’ʷ dxʷsq’ʷəl dxʷ al ti ə dəxʷ as cick’ʷ
dxʷs–q’ʷəl
dxʷ– al
ti ə
dəxʷ= a=s
very
CTD–cooked
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘It is very hot where they are.’ 120 huy ƛ’ucut huy
ƛ’u=cut
SCONJ
HAB=say
‘Then he (Tutyika) always says,’ 121 di ti i dsəsqiq’təb ə ti acəc šixʷšixʷaǰut ti ə dsəxʷəšuucəb ə ti acəc sgʷəqəb. di FOC
ti i
d=s= as–qiq’–t–b
ə
DIST
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–confined–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
d=s= as–dxʷ–šu –c–b
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–CTD–see–ALTV–PASS
ti acəc
šixʷšixʷaǰut
UNQ
Whale’s.people
ə PR
ti acəc
sgʷəqəb
UNQ
sunshine
‘ “It is because I am confined by Whale’s people that I am looked at by this 3
sunshine.’
122 di ti ə dsəsqiq’tub di
ti ə
d=s= as–qiq’–txʷ–b
FOC
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–confined–ECS–PASS
‘ “It is because I am confined.” ’ 123 huy sya ya s stabs xʷu ələ ti i cədi ukʷə
əsgʷəqəb
huy
sya ya –s
stab–s
xʷu ələ
ti i
cədi
SCONJ
friend–3PO
what–3PO
maybe
DIST
s/he
ukʷə sun
‘Maybe that sun which shone is his friend or something of his.’ 124 ha ha good ‘It is good.’
__________ 3
The gloss of šixʷšixʷaǰut here and in (104) below is inferred from context.
as–gʷəq–b STAT–bright–MD
Martha Williams Lamont
385
125 gʷəl ə ti ƛ’ašu ti i cədi right dxʷ al ti i dəxʷ as gʷəl
ə ‿ti seemingly
SCONJ
ƛ’u= as–šu
ti i
cədi
right
dxʷ– al
ti i
HAB=STAT–see
DIST
s/he
right
CNTRPT–at
DIST
dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘And it sort of looks right toward where he is.’ 126 gʷəl ə ti put dxʷ al cədi gʷəl
ə ‿ti seemingly
SCONJ
put
dxʷ– al
cədi
really
CNTRPT–at
s/he
‘Sort of directly toward him.’ 127 huy k’ʷasabacəxʷ huy
k’ʷas•abac=axʷ
SCONJ
burned•body=now
‘Then his body gets hot.’ 128 di əxʷ ti ə ƛ’udəxʷucutcutsəxʷ ti əsqiq’ di =axʷ
ti ə
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–cut–cut=s=axʷ
ti
as–qiq’
FOC=now
PROX
HAB=ADNM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO=now
SPEC STAT–captured
‘That is why the captive would say.’ 129 di tə dsəshuyutəb dskʷədatəb ə ti ə si i ab šixʷšixʷaǰut ti ə cəxʷəšuucəb ə ti acəc sgʷəqəb di
tə
FOC
NSPEC
ə PR
d=s= as–huyu–t–b
d=s=kʷəda–t–b
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–made–ICS–PASS
1SG.PO=NM=taken–ICS–PASS
ti ə
si –i ab
šixʷšixʷaǰut
ti ə
PROX
PL–noble
Whale’s.people
PROX
d=dəxʷ= as–šu –c–b 1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–see–ALTV–PASS
ə PR
ti acəc
sgʷəqb
UNQ
sunshine
‘ “The reason I’m being looked at by this sunshine is that I’m being taken by these noble Whale people.” ’ 4
130 huy sya ya s ti i sgʷəqb huy
sya ya –s
ti i
sgʷəqb
SCONJ
friend–3PO
DIST
sunshine
‘Then the sunshine is his friend.’
__________ 4
At this point on the tape, what Mrs. Lamont says cannot be heard clearly as it is partially drowned out by Mr. Lamont’s shooing off one of the family dogs.
386
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
131 huˑy u ʷəxʷ huy
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
SCONJ
‘Then he goes.’ 132 gʷəl (h)uy bə alildubəxʷ xʷu ələ
ad
gʷəl
huy
bə= alil–dxʷ–b=axʷ
xʷu ələ
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=go.ashore–DC–PASS=now
maybe
ad where
‘And then maybe he is taken to shore somewhere.’ 133 gʷəl ahəxʷ kʷi tubəsucutcuts gʷəl
a=axʷ be.there=now
SCONJ
kʷi
tu=bə=s= u–cut–cut=s
REM
PAST=ADD=NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘And there he keeps on talking.’ 134 huy tu usiləxʷ kʷa ti ə cədi huy
tu= usil=axʷ
kʷa
ti ə
cədi
SCONJ
PAST=dive=now
PTCL
PROX
s/he
‘Then he (Mink) had dived.’ 135 tu ʷul’əxʷ tulət’əbagʷil tu= ʷul’=axʷ
tu=lə=t’əba –agʷil
PAST=only=now
PAST=PROG=fallen.into.water–AUTO
‘He had just jumped overboard.’ 136 yə i ƛ’ascut kʷi tuscut ə ti i yə i
ƛ’u= as–cut
kʷi
tu=s=cut
because
HAB=STAT–say
REM
PAST=NM=say
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘Because that is what (Tutyika) said about that.’ 137
ʷul’ əd gʷə t’ab əda gʷədxʷbə əb agʷil ʷul’
əd
only
1SG.SUB
gʷə= t’ab
əda
SBJ=fall.overboard
1SG.COORD
gʷə=dxʷbə əb–agʷil SBJ=sink–AUTO
‘ “I would just go overboard and I would go under water.’ 138 liˑl ə tudi s ’ətqs kʷi gʷədsəsgʷigʷədil al ti i t’aq’t lil
ə
far PR al at
tudi DIST.DMA
s ’ətqs
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s= as–gʷi–gʷəd–il
point
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–ATTN–down–INCH
ti i
t’aq’t
DIST
inland
‘ “Way over at the point I could be sitting up from shore.’
Martha Williams Lamont
387
139 gʷəl dəgʷi gʷəl ahəxʷ sixʷ gʷadsudᶻaldᶻalalus gʷəl
dəgʷi gʷəl
SCONJ
you
a=axʷ
sixʷ
be.there=now ᶻ ᶻ gʷə=ad=s= u–d al–d al•alus SCONJ
PTCL
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–DSTR–turn•eye
‘ “But you, you are there, you’d be going from end to end of the canoe.” ’ 140 t axʷ əs ista ti ə cədi sqigʷac t =axʷ
as– ista
truly=now
STAT–be.like
ti ə
cədi
sqigʷac
PROX
s/he
deer
‘In truth Deer is like that.’ 141
ʷul’əxʷ udᶻək’ʷdᶻək’ʷ ʷul’=axʷ u–dᶻək’ʷ–dᶻək’ʷu only=now
PFV–DSTR–wander
‘He just dithers about.’ 142
udᶻaldᶻalylus u–dᶻal–dᶻal•y•alus PFV–DSTR–turn•CNN•edge
‘He goes from end to end.’ 143 gʷəl lə əqšaditəb gʷəl
lə= əq•šad–i–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=wrapped•leg–SS–ICS–PASS
‘And he is tied by the legs.’ 144 gʷəl ləxʷəbtəb dxʷ udəgʷi gʷəl
lə=xʷəb–t–b
dxʷ– udəgʷ•gʷi
SCONJ
PROG=thrown–ICS–PASS
CTD–centre•canoe
‘And he is thrown into the middle of the canoe.’ 145 huy u ʷtubəxʷ ə ti ə caadi huy SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
go–ECS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘Then they take him.’ 146
alildubəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷ alildubs alil–dxʷ–b=axʷ go.ashore–DC–PASS=now
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
dəxʷ= alil–dxʷ–b=s ADNM=go.ashore–DC–PASS=3PO
‘He is taken ashore over there where he is taken ashore.’
388
147
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
a kʷ kʷi šuƛ’ a kʷ seaward
kʷi
šuƛ’
REM
tide
‘The tide is out.’ 148
əsa
al ti i
as–ha
al ti i
STAT–good
at
DIST
‘It is nice there.’ 149 gʷəl q’ʷibitəbəx gʷəl
q’ʷibi–t–b=əx
SCONJ
disembark–ICS–PASS=now
‘And he is unloaded.’ 150 gʷəl (h)uy tuk’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ti ə cədi s ušəbabdxʷ sqigʷac gʷəl
huy
tu=k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=butchered–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
s/he
poor.guy
sqigʷac deer ‘And then poor Deer was butchered.’ 151 gʷəlaltəbəxʷ gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ harmed–ICS–PASS=now ‘He is killed.’ 152 huy gʷəl k’ʷi ’itəbəxʷ ə ti i i huy
gʷəl
k’ʷi ’i–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
butchered–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
‘And then he is butchered by them.’ 153 gʷəl (h)uy u ʷəxʷ ti ə qaha gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘And then many people go.’ 154 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go
‘They are going.’
ti ə
qah–a
PROX
INTNS–many
ti –i i PL–DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
389
155 ləbək’ʷucid ə kʷi stab gʷəqəlbida i lə=bək’ʷ•ucid
ə
PROG=scavenge•mouth
PR
ə ti ə
ubə alq
kʷi
stab
gʷə=qəlbid•a i
REM
what
SBJ=garbage•hand
ə PR
ti ə PROX
u–bə •alq PFV–fall•game
‘They are helping themselves to the refuse from the kill.’ 156 yə i huy ʷul’ lətabtəb ti ə bək’ʷ stab yə i
huy
ʷul’
because
SCONJ
only
lə=tab–taba
ti ə
bək’ʷ stab
PROG=DSTR–do
PROX
all
what
‘Because then everything is being done.’ 157
uc’ə qiwstəb ti ə cədi tusqigʷac u–c’ə qiws–t–b PFV–cut.into.pieces–ICS–PASS
ti ə
cədi
tu=sqigʷac
PROX
s/he
PAST=deer
‘The late Deer is all cut up.’ 158 huy gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə q’ədᶻax ti ə huy
gʷəl
day’=axʷ
ti ə
q’ədᶻax
ti ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
uniquely=now
PROX
intestines
PROX
‘And then it is only the intestine (left).’ 159
ʷul’əxʷ uxʷəbtəb ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–xʷəb–t–b PFV–thrown–ICS–PASS
‘They are just thrown away.’ 160
aha ti i q’ədᶻa ah–a INTNS–be.there
u ʷilitəb i ti i stabs t’aqʷus stabs c’ali s stabs kʷi li a q’ədᶻa u– ʷili–t–b i ti i stab–s
ti i
DIST
intestines
PFV–lost–ICS–PASS
CONJ
DIST
what–3PO
t’aqʷu–s
stab–s
c’ali –s
stab–s
kʷi
li – a
liver–3PO
what–3PO
heart–3PO
what–3PO
REM
PRLV–be.there
‘There are the intestines, and his liver, his heart, and his stuff all around there.’ 161
ahəxʷ xʷu ələ
əs ə id
a=axʷ
xʷu ələ
be.there=now
maybe
‘There perhaps it happened.’
as– ə id STAT–what.happen
390
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
162 di əxʷ kʷi s u ʷəxʷ ə ti ə cədi di =axʷ
kʷi
s= u ʷ=axʷ
ə
FOC=now
REM
NM=go=now
PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘It is this one who went.’ 163
qiǰədəxʷ əlgʷə ti ə cədi sxʷi xʷi s əlgʷə sqigʷac əq•iǰ–t=axʷ wrapped•bundle–ICS=now
əlgʷə
ti ə
cədi
sxʷi xʷi –s
əlgʷə
PL
PROX
s/he
hunt–3PO
PL
sqigʷac deer ‘They bundle their game, Deer.’ 164 huy əba təbəxʷ huy
əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
‘Then it is backpacked.’ 165 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ gʷəl
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now
SCONJ
‘And it is taken.’ 166 gʷəl ləq’ilitəb al kʷi dəxʷuq’ilitəbs gʷəl
lə=q’ili–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=aboard–ICS–PASS
al kʷi at
REM
dəxʷ= u–q’ili–txʷ–b=s ADNM=PFV–aboard–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘And it is put on board where it stowed on board.’ 167 huy gʷəl, huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi tsi acəc stab i stab huy SCONJ
gʷəl
huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
i CONJ
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə go=now
stab what
‘Then this one goes, this one and that one.’ 168 xʷu ələ qa ti i
u u ʷ
xʷu ələ
qa
ti i
maybe
many
DIST
‘It seems that many go.’
u– u ʷ PFV–go
PROX
cədi
tsi acəc
stab
s/he
UNQ:FEM
what
Martha Williams Lamont
169
391
uc’qʷibəxʷ ə ti i tudəxʷutab ə ti i tuk’ʷi ’ u–c’qʷib=axʷ PFV–share.in=now
ə
ti i
tu=dəxʷ= u–taba
PR
DIST
PAST=ADNM=PFV–do
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
tu= u–k’ʷi ’ PAST=PFV–butchered
‘They happen to get in on what was done, what was butchered.’ 170 huy sixʷ u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi huy
sixʷ
SCONJ
PTCL
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
‘Then he too goes.’ 171
u ʷəxʷ ti ə cədi tətyika u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
cədi
tətyika
PROX
s/he
Tutyika
‘Tutyika goes.’ 172 huy gʷəl tab huy
gʷəl
tab
SCONJ
SCONJ
do
‘And then he does it.’ 173 bəgʷahəxʷ t s i ə bəp’ip’uay’ bə=gʷa=axʷ
tsi ə
bə=p’i–p’uay’
ADD=accompany=now
PROX:FEM
ADD=ATTN–flounder
‘Little Flounder also goes along.’ 174 t s i ə bəli a tsi ə
bə=li – a
PROX:FEM
ADD=PRLV–be.there
‘She is around there too.’ 175 lə u ʷ lə= u ʷ PROG=go
‘She goes.’ 176 xʷi əxʷ kʷa gʷəstabəxʷ xʷi =axʷ
kʷa
gʷə=stab=axʷ
NEG=now
PTCL
SBJ=what=now
‘There isn’t anything.’
392
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
177 di ti ə q’ədᶻa ti i
a
di
ti ə
q’ədᶻa
FOC
PROX
intestines
ti i DIST
a be.there
‘It is the intestines that are there.’ 178
u ʷəxʷ cədi tətyika u ʷ=axʷ cədi go=now
s/he
i kʷi stabəs i ti ə cədi
tətyika
i
Tutyika
CONJ
ay’əds
kʷi
stab=as
i
REM
what=3SBRD
CONJ
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
ay’əd–s companion–3PO ‘Tutyika goes and someone else and his friend.’ 179 gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə q’ədᶻa ti ə gʷəl
day’=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
uniquely=now
PROX
i CONJ
ukʷədxʷ əlgʷə i kʷədi bastabəs xʷu ələ q’ədᶻa ti ə u–kʷəda–dxʷ əlgʷə intestines
PFV–taken–DC
PROX
kʷədi
bə= as–stab=as
xʷu ələ
REM.DMA
ADD=STAT–what=3SBRD
maybe
PL
‘And they manage to get only the intestines and maybe some other things.’ 180 gʷəl di əxʷ u i ʷitəb ti ə q’ədᶻa gʷəl
di =axʷ FOC=now
SCONJ
ə ti ə cədi
u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS
ti ə
q’ədᶻa
PROX
intestines
ə PR
ti ə PROX
cədi s/he ‘These intestines of his are thrown away.’ 181 gʷəl day’əxʷ ti ə sc’ali
i kʷi stab xʷu ələ t’aqʷu
gʷəl
day’=axʷ
ti ə
sc’ali
SCONJ
uniquely=now
PROX
heart
i CONJ
kʷi
stab
xʷu ələ
t’aqʷu
REM
what
maybe
liver
‘And there is only the heart and perhaps the liver.’ 182 di tu a di
tu= a
FOC
PAST=be.there
‘That is what is there.’ 183 stab kʷi c’əbəbid stab
kʷi
c’əbəbid
what
REM
[??]
‘What ...’
Martha Williams Lamont
184 di
393
ukʷədad ti ə sqigʷəc
di FOC
u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS–PASS
ti ə
sqigʷəc
PROX
deer
‘He takes Deer.’ 185 sqigʷəc u stab xʷəlu sqigʷəc deer
u
stab
INTJ
what
xʷəlu whale
‘Deer, or what is it? Whale.’ 186 huy u ʷtxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
əlgʷə
u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS
PL
‘Then they take it.’ 187
ə ƛ’axʷ tsi ə p’uay’ əƛ’=axʷ come=now
tsi ə
p’uay’
PROX:FEM
flounder
‘Flounder comes.’ 188 gʷəl huy c’qʷibəxʷ ə ti ə gʷəl
huy
c’qʷibəxʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
share.in=now
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘And then she gets a share of it.’ 189
ubək’ʷucidəxʷ ə ti i tuq’ədᶻa u–bək’ʷ•ucid=axʷ PFV–scavenge•mouth=now
ə ti i sqigʷac
ə
ti i
tu=q’ədᶻa
PR
DIST
PAST=intestines
‘She helps herself to the intestines of Deer.’ 190 di əxʷ ukʷədad di =axʷ FOC=now
u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS
‘That is what she takes.’ 191 yə i day’əxʷ əsbə yə i
day’=axʷ
because
uniquely=now
as–bə STAT–fall
‘Because that is all that is lying there.’
ə
ti i
sqigʷac
PR
DIST
deer
394
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
192 huy gʷəl əba ədəxʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now
‘And then she backpacks it.’ 193
qiǰədəxʷ əq•iǰ–t=axʷ wrapped•bundle–ICS=now ‘She wraps it up.’
194 gʷə(l) ləs əba ədəxʷ gʷəl
ləs– əba –t=axʷ
SCONJ
PROG.STAT–backpack–ICS=now
‘And she backpacks it.’ 195
əba təbəxʷ ə tsi ə s ušəbabdxʷ u s tab əba –t–b=axʷ backpack –ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
tsi ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROX:FEM
poor.guy
u
stab
INTJ
what
‘It is backpacked by that unfortunate, who is it?’ 196 p’uay’ p’uay’ flounder Levi Lamont: ‘Flounder.’ 197 p’uay’ p’uay’ flounder Martha Lamont: ‘Flounder.’ 198 gʷəl lə adᶻqdub ə ti ə cədi dukʷibə gʷəl lə= adᶻq–dxʷ–b ə ti ə SCONJ
PROG=meet–DC–PASS
PR
‘And she is met by Changer.’ 199 yə i əscutəbəxʷ yə i because
as–cut–t–b=axʷ STAT–say–ICS–PASS=now
‘Because it is said.’
PROX
cədi
dukʷibə
s/he
Changer
Martha Williams Lamont
395
200 lə ibəš kʷi dukʷibə lə= ibəš
kʷi
dukʷibə
PROG=travel
REM
Changer
‘Changer is walking.’ 201 lə ibəšəxʷ lə= ibəš=axʷ PROG=travel=now
‘He is walking now.’ 202 lə u ʷcəxʷ kʷi bək’ʷ gʷat al ti ə
əs a lil
lə= u ʷ–c=axʷ
kʷi
bək’ʷ gʷat
PROG=go–ALTV=now
REM
all
who
al at
ti ə PROX
‘He is going after everyone who dwells.’ 203 huy huy SCONJ
isəb il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS
‘Then she is reached.’ 204 gʷəl ləcutəb tsi ə cədi p’uay’ gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
tsi ə
cədi
p’uay’
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
PROX:FEM
s/he
flounder
‘And Flounder is spoken to.’ 205 stab ti ə adsəs əba p’uay’ stab
ti ə
ad=s= as– əba
p’uay’
what
PROX
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack
flounder
‘ “What are you backpacking, Flounder?” ’ 206 stab si ab stab kʷi tu ʷ əd əsbək’ʷ stab
si ab
stab
tu ʷ
what
noble
what
just
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “What, Sir, what am I scavenging?’ 207
əsbək’ʷucid ə ti acəc as–bək’ʷ•ucid STAT–scavenge•mouth
ə PR
ti acəc UNQ
‘ “I just helped myself to these.’
as–bək’ʷ STAT–scavenge
as– a lil STAT–live
396
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
208 q’ədᶻa q’ədᶻa
ə ti i tusqigʷac ti ə dsbək’ʷucid
intestines
ə
ti i
tu=sqigʷac
ti ə
d=s=bək’ʷ•ucid
PR
DIST
PAST=deer
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=scavenge•mouth
‘ “What I helped myself to are the intestines of the late Deer.” ’ 209 tsi ə p’uay’ ƛ’asbək’ʷucid tsi ə
p’uay’
ƛ’u= as–bək’ʷ•ucid
PROX:FEM
flounder
HAB=STAT–scavenge•mouth
‘Flounder helps herself to it.’ 210 tu ʷəxʷ u i ʷitəb tu ʷ=axʷ just=now
u– i ʷi–t–b PFV–thrown.at–ICS–PASS
‘It had just been thrown away.’ 211 qəlbid qəlbid waste ‘It is refuse.’ 212 gʷəl di dsəsbək’ʷucid ti ə q’ədᶻa gʷəl
di
SCONJ
FOC
ə t(i) sqigʷac
d=s= as–bək’ʷ•ucid
ti ə
q’ədᶻa
1SG.PO=NM=STAT–scavenge•mouth
PROX
intestines PR
ti
sqigʷac
SPEC
deer
ə
‘ “And it is the intestines of Deer that I got in on.’ 213
uˑ u INTJ
‘ “Oh.” ’ 214
ʷul’əxʷ ucutəb tsi ə cədi ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘She is just spoken to.’ 215 ƛ’ubəxʷ ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa tsi i dəgʷi p’uay’ ƛ’ub=axʷ ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa well=now
only=now
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
tsi i
dəgʷi
p’uay’
DIST:FEM
you
flounder
‘ “You, Flounder, should have these intestines as yours.’
Martha Williams Lamont
216
397
ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa ti i q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ u=ad–q’ədᶻa only=now
ə ti i tusqigʷac
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
ti i
q’ədᶻa
DIST
intestines
ə
ti i
tu=sqigʷac
PR
DIST
PAST=deer
‘ “The intestines of the late Deer will just be your intestines.’ 217
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhuyud adq’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ
əxʷ
only=now
ad–q’ədᶻa
u=huyu–t
2SG.SUB
IRR=made–ICS
2SG.PO–intestines
‘ “You will just make them your intestines.’ 218
u a al ti i adsəs əba əd u= a
al
IRR=be.there
at
ti i
ad=s= as– əba –t
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack–ICS
‘ “There they will be where you are backpacking them.” ’ 219 yə i əs əba əd al ti yə i
as– əba –t
because
al ti
STAT–backpack–ICS
at
SPEC
‘Because she is backpacking them here.’ 220 gʷəl di
al ti i
gʷəl
di
SCONJ
FOC
ilabac ə ti i cəqapsəbs ti i s a ə ti i ƛ’uq’ədᶻa s tsi i p’uay’ al ti i at
s= a NM=be.there
il•abac
ə
ti i
side•body
cəqapsəb–s ti i
ə
ti i
PR DIST ƛ’u=q’ədᶻa –s
PR
DIST
HAB=intestines–3PO
DIST
neck–3PO
DIST
tsi i
p’uay’
DIST:FEM
flounder
‘Where the intestines of Flounder are is at the side of her neck.’ 221
əbil’əxʷ ƛ’u i ’itəb əbil’=axʷ perhaps=now
ƛ’u= i ’i–t–b HAB=cut–ICS–PASS
‘When they cut them out.’ 222 gʷəl tiləb di dxʷ al ƛ’uxʷəctəb ti i q’ədᶻa s gʷəl
tiləb immediately q’ədᶻa –s
SCONJ
di
dxʷ– al
ƛ’u=xʷəc–t–b
ti i
FOC
CNTRPT–at
HAB=removed–ICS–PASS
DIST
intestines–3PO ‘It is from just there that the intestines are always removed.’
398
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
ti i q’ədᶻa
223 ha ha
ti i
ə tsi i cədi p’uay’ q’ədᶻa ə tsi i
good
DIST
intestines
PR
DIST:FEM
cədi
p’uay’
s/he
flounder
‘The intestines of Flounder are nice.’ 224 put ha
ʷiqʷəq’ʷ
put
ha
really
good
ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ colour–white
‘They are very nice and white.’ 225 yə i huy gʷə sqigʷac yə i
huy
gʷə
sqigʷac
because
SCONJ
ASSC
deer
‘Because they are Deer’s (intestines).’ 226
ʷul’əxʷ ucutəb ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–cut–t–b PFV–say–ICS–PASS
‘She is just spoken to.’ 227
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ uhuyud q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əxʷ
q’ədᶻa
u=huyu–t
2SG.SUB
IRR=made–ICS
intestines
‘ “You will just make them your intestines.’ 228 yə i əxʷ uxʷi əxʷ ləha kʷ dxʷ al u il kʷi ’itəxʷ aci talbixʷ yə i
əxʷ
because
2SG.SUB
kʷi
u=xʷi =axʷ IRR=NEG=now
’it=axʷ
REM
lə=ha kʷ
dxʷ– al
NEGP=long.time
CNTRFG–at
aci talbixʷ
near=now
people
‘ “Because it will not be long for you until the nearby people arrive.’ 229
uhuyutəbəxʷ aci talbixʷ al ti u=huyu–t–b=axʷ
aci talbixʷ
IRR=made–ICS–PASS=now
people
al at
ti SPEC
‘ “People will be made here.’ 230 gʷəl uha gʷəl SCONJ
əxʷ us ə əd dəgʷi sqigʷac u=ha
IRR=good
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u=s– ə əd IRR=food
‘ “And you, Deer, will be good food.’
dəgʷi
sqigʷac
you
deer
u= il IRR=arrive
Martha Williams Lamont
231
399
uha dali əd əxʷ ə kʷi aci talbixʷ ’it dəxʷə əƛ’ s u=ha –t•ali əd
əxʷ
IRR=good–ICS•food
ə
2SG.SUB
kʷi
PR
REM
aci talbixʷ people
’it near
dəxʷ=lə= əƛ’=s ADNM=PROG=come=3PO
‘ “You will be good food for the people nearby who are coming.’ 232 gʷəl di adq’ədᶻa tsi i ƛ’al’ ubas ulə gʷəl di u=ad–q’ədᶻa tsi i SCONJ
FOC
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
ƛ’al’
DIST:FEM
also
u=bə=s= as– ulə IRR=ADD=NM=STAT–gather
‘ “And what will be gathered will be your intestines.’ 233 yə i ha yə i
ha
because
good
‘ “Because they are good.’ 234 huy gʷə p’uay’ ti i adsəs əba huy
gʷə
p’uay’
ti i
ad=s= as– əba
SCONJ
ASSC
flounder
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack
‘ “For they are Flounder’s (intestines) that you are backpacking.” ’ 235 gʷə p’uay’ yuhu u da xʷ gʷə sqigʷəc gʷə
p’uay’
yuhu u
da xʷ
gʷə
sqigʷəc
ASSC
flounder
INTJ
INTJ
ASSC
deer
‘Belonging to Flounder, that is, belonging to Deer.’ 236 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi ə p’uay’ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
tsi ə
p’uay’
PROX:FEM
flounder
‘Then Flounder goes.’ 237
i ʷitəbəxʷ i ʷi–t–b=axʷ thrown.at–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is thrown.’
400
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
238 gʷəl uˑ ʷ gʷəl
u ʷ go
SCONJ
‘And she goes.’ 239 t’i ib dxʷgʷədalqʷu
ə ti i qʷu
t’i ib
dxʷ–gʷəd•al–qʷu
swim
CTD–down•CNN–water
ə
ti i
qʷu
PR
DIST
water
‘She swims under the water.’ 240
a kʷ kʷi šuƛ’ a kʷ seaward
kʷi
šuƛ’
REM
tide
‘The tide is way out.’ 241 ha
əšuƛ’
ha
as–šuƛ’
good
STAT–tide
‘It is a good low tide.’ 242 huy u ʷ huy
u ʷ go
SCONJ
‘Then she goes.’ 243 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is spoken to.’ 244
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ u atxʷ tsi i q’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ə tsi i sqigʷac
u= a–txʷ IRR=be.there–ECS
tsi i
q’ədᶻa
DIST:FEM
intestines PR
sqigʷac deer ‘ “You will just have those intestines of Deer there.’ 245
uha
us ə əd
u=ha IRR=good
u=s ə əd IRR=food
‘ “They will be good food.’
ə
tsi i DIST:FEM
Martha Williams Lamont
246
401
us ə əd ə kʷi aci talbixʷ ’itəxʷ lə əƛ’ u=s ə əd
ə
IRR=food
kʷi
PR
aci talbixʷ
’it=axʷ
people
REM
lə= əƛ’
near=now
PROG=come
‘ “They will be food for the nearby people who are coming.’ 247
us aygʷasəxʷ ti bək’ʷ stab u=s= ay’•gʷas=s=axʷ IRR=NM=change•pair=3PO=now
tə
bək’ʷ
stab
NSPEC
all
what
‘ “Everything will be changed.” ’ 248 hay u ʷ tsi i cədi hay
u ʷ tsi i
SCONJ
go
cədi
DIST:FEM
s/he
‘So she goes.’ 249 gʷəl bələ əy’dub xʷu ələ kʷədi tustabəs gʷəl
bə=lə= əy’–dxʷ–b
xʷu ələ
kʷədi
tu=stab=as
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=find–DC–PASS
maybe
REM.DMA
PAST=what=3SBRD
‘And maybe something else was found.’ 250 di
u ti i stab kʷədi tu əy’dub stabəs kʷədi tubəsəs əba s
di FOC
u
ti i
INT
DIST
stab
kʷədi
tu= əy’–dxʷ–b
stab=as
what
REM.DMA
PAST=find–DC–PASS
what=3SBRD
kʷədi
tu=bə=s= as– əba =s
REM.DMA
PAST=ADD=NM=STAT–backpack=3PO
‘Was it something else that was found when she was backpacking?’ 251 gʷəl di əxʷ tukʷəd atəb gʷəl
di =axʷ
tu=kʷəda–t–b
SCONJ
FOC=now
PAST=taken–ICS–PASS
‘And that was taken.’ 252 gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ tucutəb gʷəl SCONJ
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
tu=cut–t–b PAST=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it was just said.’ 253
ʷul’əxʷ us ə əds usq’ʷəlbs ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u=s ə əd–s IRR=food–3PO
u=s=q’ʷəl–b=s IRR=NM=cooked–CSMD=3PO
‘It will just be their food, their cooking.’
402
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
254 hay huyiləxʷ s ušəbabdxʷ ti tuc’qʷib hay
huyu–il=axʷ
s ušəbabdxʷ
ti
tu= u–c’qʷib
SCONJ
made–INCH=now
poor.guy
SPEC
PAST=PFV–share.in
‘So those who got in on (the butchering of Deer) became unfortunate.’ 255 huy ušəbabdxʷ ti i cədi tuxʷi xʷi huy SCONJ
ušəbabdxʷ poor.dear
ə ti i i
ti i
cədi
tu= u–xʷi xʷi
DIST
s/he
PAST=PFV–hunt
ə
ti –i i
PR
PL–DIST
kʷi
tu=stab
bəš əb
REM
PAST=what
mink
‘Then those who had hunted him were unfortunate.’ 256 huy gʷəl u ʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
go=now
PL
‘And then they go.’ 257 gʷəl (h)uy q’ʷəlbaxʷ xʷu ələ
ə kʷi tustab bəš əb
gʷəl
huy
q’ʷəl–b=axʷ
xʷu ələ
ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
cooked–CSMD=now
maybe
PR
‘And then perhaps the late Mink is cooked.’ 258 q’ʷəlbaxʷ ə ti ə səsc’qʷibs q’ʷəl–b=axʷ
ə
cooked–CSMD=now
PR
ti ə
s= as–c’qʷib=s
PROX
NM=STAT–share.in=3PO
‘What they get in on is cooked.’ 259 tugʷə ti ə cədi tu əy’dxʷ tubiac tu=gʷə
ti ə
cədi
tu= əy’–dxʷ
tu=biac
PAST=ASSC
PROX
s/he
PAST=find–DC
PAST=meat
‘It was their meat that had been found.’ 260 tuhuydxʷ tu=huyu–dxʷ PAST=made–DC
‘They managed it.’ 261
ʷul’əxʷ bəq’ədᶻa ʷul’=axʷ only=now
bə=q’ədᶻa ADD=intestines
‘It is just more intestines.’
Martha Williams Lamont
403
262 p’aƛ’aƛ’əxʷ p’aƛ’aƛ’=axʷ worthless=now ‘It is nothing of value.’ 263 di tugʷə ti i
i sqigʷac i ti ə cədi bəš əb ti ə tuqəliltub ti ə bəš əb
di
tu=gʷə
ti i
FOC
PAST=ASSC
DIST
i –sqigʷac
i
PRTV–deer
CONJ
ti ə
cədi
bəš əb ti ə
PROX
s/he
mink
tu= u–qəl–il–txʷ–b
ti ə
bəš əb
PAST=PFV–bad–INCH–ECS–PASS
PROX
mink
‘They belonged to Deer and Mink, who had been warned to stop,’ 264 xʷi kʷ(i) adsut’ilib xʷi
kʷi
ad=s= u–t’ilib
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing
‘ “Don’t sing!’ 265 xʷi kʷ(i) adsuǰu il xʷi
kʷi
ad=s= u–ǰu il
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–enjoy
‘ “Don’t celebrate!’ 266
əsqil’il k’ʷə ti i as–qil’il STAT–lose.child
i
xʷəlu
k’ʷə
ti i
QTV
DIST
i
xʷəlu
CONJ
whale
‘ “It is said that Whale has lost a child.’ 267
əsqil’il as–qil’il STAT–lose.child
‘ “He has lost a child.’ 268
ʷubil ʷubil quiet ‘ “Be quiet!” ’
269 xʷi gʷəsƛ’əlabut ə ti ə bəš əb xʷi
gʷə=s=ƛ’əlabut
NEG
SBJ=NM=understand
‘He wouldn’t listen to Mink.’
ə PR
ti ə
bəš əb
PROX
mink
PROX
404
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
270 bəcutcut bə=cut–cut ADD=DSTR–say
‘He chatters some more.’ 271 bət’ilib bə=t’ilib ADD=sing
‘He sings some more.’ 272 ti ə tudəxʷuləbdxʷsəxʷ ti ə s ušəbabdxʷ ti ə
tu=dəxʷ= ʷul’ab–dxʷ=s=axʷ
ti ə
s ušəbabdxʷ
PROX
PAST=ADNM=same.way–DC=3PO=now
PROX
poor.guy
‘This is how he got this unfortunate one (i.e., Mink) involved.’ 273 tugʷəlaltəbəxʷ tu=gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ PAST=harmed–ICS–PASS=now
‘He was killed.’ 274
ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ əlgʷə ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
annihilate–ICS–PASS=now
PL
‘They are annihilated.’ 275 gʷa di əxʷ ti ə dukʷibə ti ə
u is əlgʷə
gʷa
di =axʷ
ti ə
dukʷibə
ti ə
INTJ
FOC=now
PROX
Changer
PROX
u– il–s PFV–arrive–ALTV
əlgʷə PL
‘And it is Changer who comes upon them.’ 276
ʷul’əxʷ ucutəbəxʷ ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–cut–t–b=axʷ PFV–say–ICS–PASS=now
‘They are just told.’ 277 gʷəl us is istə kʷi adsəshuy dəgʷi sqigʷac gʷəl
u=s= is– istə
SCONJ
IRR=NM=DSTR–be.like
kʷi REM
sqigʷac deer ‘ “This is how you will become, Deer.’
u=ad=s= as–huyu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–made
dəgʷi you
Martha Williams Lamont
405
278 tiləb di tudi di i t’aq’t kʷi adsəskiis tiləb
di
tudi
di –i
t’aq’t
kʷi
immediately
FOC
DIST.DMA
INTNS–side
inland
REM
u=ad=s= as–kiis IRR=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–stand
‘ “You will be standing directly over there inland.’ 279
us ə əd əxʷ ə kʷi ’itəxʷ aci talbixʷ u=s– ə əd
əxʷ
IRR=food
ə
2SG.SUB
PR
kʷi
’it=axʷ
aci talbixʷ
near=now
REM
people
‘ “You will be food for the people near at hand.’ 280 dəgʷi p’uay’
ʷul’əxʷ
adq’ədᶻa
ti i
q’ədᶻa
ə sqigʷac
əs atxʷ
əxʷ
adsəs əba dəgʷi p’uay’ you
u=ad–q’ədᶻa
ʷul’=axʷ
flounder
only=now
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
as– a–txʷ
sqigʷac deer
əxʷ
STAT–be.there–ECS
2SG.SUB
ti i
q’ədᶻa
DIST
intestines
ə PR
ad=s= as– əba 2SG.PO=NM=STAT–backpack
‘ “You, Flounder, your intestines will be the intestines of Deer, which you will have right there where you backpack them.’ 281
ʷul’əxʷ adq’ədᶻa u=ad–q’ədᶻa
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
IRR=2SG.PO–intestines
‘ “They will just be your intestines.” ’ 282 hay gʷə əxʷ sqigʷac ti i q’ədᶻa hay
gʷə =axʷ
sqigʷac
ə tsi i p’uay’ ti i q’ədᶻa
SCONJ
ASSC=now
deer
DIST
intestines
ə PR
‘So, the intestines of Flounder are Deer’s (intestines).’ 283
ahəxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now ‘There she is.’
284 xʷəxʷəbtəbaxʷ dxʷ a kʷ xʷə–xʷəb–t–b=axʷ
dxʷ– a kʷ
ATTN–thrown–ICS–PASS=now
CNTRPT–seaward
‘She is tossed down to the water.’
tsi i
p’uay’
DIST:FEM
flounder
406
Mink and Tutyika (Second Telling)
285 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl
u ʷ go
SCONJ
‘And she goes.’ 286
usil tsi i p’uay’ usil dive
tsi i
p’uay’
DIST:FEM
flounder
‘Flounder dives.’ 287
u u ʷ
al ti i
u– u ʷ
al
PFV–go
at
ia ti i
sand i –ha
DIST
sand
PRTV–good
sand
‘She goes into some good sand.’ 288
u a kʷi ads a u= a
kʷi
IRR=be.there
u=ad=s= a
REM
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “There is where you will be.” ’ 289 sgʷistalb ti i udəxʷəšə səxʷ al al sgʷistalb
ti i
sand
DIST
ə tsi i cədi p’uay’
u=dəxʷ= as–šə =s=axʷ IRR=ADNM=STAT–make=3PO=now
cədi
p’uay’
s/he
flounder
al al
ə
house
PR
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘The sand is where Flounder will make house.’ 290 dəxʷsgʷa səxʷ gʷə əxʷ sqigʷac ti ə
q’ədᶻa
ə tsi acəc p’uay’
ə tə
ƛ’usuk’ʷi ’itəbs dəxʷ=s=gʷa =s=axʷ
gʷə =axʷ
sqigʷac
ti ə
q’ədᶻa
ADNM=NM=ones.own=3PO=now
ASSC=now
deer
PROX
intestines PR
tsi acəc
p’uay’
UNQ:FEM
flounder
ə PR
tə
ƛ’u=s= u–k’ʷi ’i–t–b=s
NSPEC
HAB=NM=PFV–butchered–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘That’s why Flounder has Deer intestines when she is butchered.’ 291 put ha
ti ƛ’uq’ədᶻa s
put
ha
ti
ƛ’u=q’ədᶻa –s
really
good
SPEC
HAB=intestines–3PO
‘Her intestines are very nice.’
ə
Martha Williams Lamont
407
292 ti i i ƛ’usəshuy ə tusyəyəhub gʷə kʷədi tuha kʷ tusəshuy ti –i i
ƛ’u=s= as–huyu
PL–DIST
HAB=NM=STAT–made
ə
tu=syəyəhub
gʷə
kʷədi
PR
PAST=legend
ASSC
REM.DMA
tu=ha kʷ
tu=s= as–huyu
PAST=long.time
PAST=NM=STAT–made
‘Thus were told the stories of the way things were long ago.’ 293 dᶻixʷ aci talbixʷ tuhuyutəb dᶻixʷ aci talbixʷ tu= u–huyu–t–b first
people
PAST=PFV–made–ICS–PASS
‘At first they were made as people.’ 294 gʷəl tulədukʷutəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə ti ə dukʷibə
gʷəl
tu=lə=dukʷu–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
PAST=PROG=abnormal–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
ti ə
dukʷibə
PROX
Changer
‘And they were changed by Changer.’ 295 ləhuyutəbəxʷ əlgʷə sdukʷ lə=huyu–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
s–dukʷu
PROG=made–ICS–PASS=now
PL
NP–abnormal
‘They are made into nobodies.’ 296 di shuys shuys di
s=huyu=s
s=huyu=s
FOC
NM=made=3PO
NM=made=3PO
Levi Lamont: ‘That’s the end, the end.’ 297 yeah di shuys ti acəc də ’u syəyəhub di
s=huyu=s
ti acəc
də ’u
syəyəhub
FOC
NM=made=3PO
UNQ
one
legend
Martha Lamont: ‘Yeah, that is the end of this one story.’ 298 di əxʷ əd day’ ə ti ƛ’asla dxʷ di =axʷ FOC=now
əd 1SG.SUB
day’ uniquely
‘That is all I seem to remember.’
ə ‿ti seemingly
ƛ’u= as–la –dxʷ HAB=STAT–remember–DC
408
Coyote and His Daughter
Coyote and His Daughter as told by Martha Lamont1 1
əs a lil ti i
aci talbixʷ dəxʷ a ə ti acəc sbiaw
as– a lil
ti i
STAT–live
DIST
aci talbixʷ
dəxʷ= a
people
ə
ADNM=be.there
PR
ti acəc
sbiaw
UNQ
coyote
‘People are living where Coyote is.’ 2
ə b sbəda
ə tsi ə s adəy
as–bəs–bəda
ə
STAT–PROP–offspring
PR
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
‘He has a daughter.’ 3
haˑy cutəxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy əs ə hay
cut=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
huy
SCONJ
say=now
PROX
coyote
SCONJ
as– STAT–sick
‘So, Coyote says he is sick’ 4
a kʷi tubšədəd əxʷ agʷəb a be.there
kʷi
tubšədəd
REM
Sahaptin
as–dxʷ– a kʷ–ab STAT–CNTRPT–seaward–DSD
‘There is a Sahaptin who wants to come to the coast.’ 5
ubs əgʷasbid tsi ə bəda s u=bəs– əgʷas–bi–t IRR=PROP–wife–MAP–ICS
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘He will marry (Coyote’s) daughter.’ 6
gʷəl cuuc ti ə
iišəds
gʷəl
cut–c
ti ə
SCONJ
say–ALTV
PROX
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
‘And he tells his family,’ 7
əbil’ əd u atəbəd əbil’ perhaps
əd 1SG.SUB
u= atəbəd IRR=die
‘ “If I should die,’
__________ 1
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 50B) (date and place unknown); transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume II (Hess 1998).
Martha Williams Lamont
8
409
xʷi kʷi sxʷaacləp tsi stalə ləp xʷi
kʷi
s=xʷaac=lap
tsi
stalə –ləp
NEG
REM
NM=deny=2PL.PO
SPEC:FEM
niece–2PL.PO
‘ “Don’t deny your niece.’ 9
ƛ’ub ələp ubiqʷid ƛ’ub well
ələp
u–biqʷi–t
2PL.SUB
PFV–loosened–ICS
‘ “You guys should permit her.’ 10 gʷəl ƛ’ub u u ʷ dxʷ al ti i kʷi ti tubšədəd gʷəl
ƛ’ub
SCONJ
well
u– u ʷ PFV–go
dxʷ– al
ti i
kʷi
ti
tubšədəd
CNTRPT–at
DIST
REM
SPEC
Sahaptin
‘ “And she should go to that Sahaptin.’ 11
u a kʷ u= a kʷ IRR=go.shoreward
‘ “He will come to the coast.’ 12
əliqsəxʷ əd as atəbəd əliqs=axʷ even.if=now
əd
u= as– atəbəd
1SG.SUB
IRR=STAT–die
‘ “Even if I will have died,’ 13 ƛ’ub u u ʷ ƛ’ub well
u– u ʷ PFV–go
‘ “She should go.’ 14
ubəs ’istxʷ u–bəs– ’istxʷ PFV–PROP–husband
‘ “She (should) have a husband.” ’ 15 cutəb ə ti ə
iišəds
cut–t–b
ə
say–ICS–PASS PR
ti ə PROX
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
‘He is spoken to by his relatives,’
410
Coyote and His Daughter
16 ƛ’uˑb ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 17 ti ə sbiaw ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote.’ 18 huy əs ə huy SCONJ
as– STAT–sick
‘Then he is sick.’ 19 hagʷəxʷ əs ə ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now
as– STAT–sick
‘He is sick for a long time.’ 20 qa ti ə
aci talbixʷ q’ʷu a ads
qa
ti ə
many
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
q’ʷu •a ad–s gathered•side–3PO
‘There are a lot of people, his neighbours.’ 21 qa qa many ‘A lot.’ 22 hikʷ əs a lil hikʷ big
as– a lil STAT–live
‘Many live there.’ 23 haˑy ahəxʷ hay SCONJ
a=axʷ be.there=now
‘So there he is.’
Martha Williams Lamont
24
411
əs ə adad ti ə sbiaw as– ə adad STAT–be.gravely.ill
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote is gravely ill.’ 25
iˑ xʷu ələ i
əs ə id ti i səs ə s
xʷu ələ
as– ə id
maybe
CONJ
STAT–what.happen
ti i
s= as– =s
DIST
NM=STAT–sick=3PO
‘Indeed, Coyote is sick for quite some time, I guess.’ 26 hay tiləbəxʷ kʷi s atəbədsəxʷ hay
tiləb=axʷ
kʷi
s= atəbəd=s=axʷ
SCONJ
immediately=now
REM
NM=die=3PO=now
‘So, his death comes suddenly.’ 27
atəbəd ti ə sbiaw atəbəd die
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote dies.’ 28 tucut kʷa tu=cut
kʷa
PAST=say
PTCL
‘However, he had said,’ 29 ƛ’ub
ələp ləs ədyic ə kʷi s ə əd i kʷi qəl
stab ušə tubšləp sgʷa ƛ’ub
ələp
well
2PL.SUB
ə
PROG.STAT–push–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
qəl
REM
salmon.roe
əšab dᶻabid i kʷi xʷƛ’alap
təd
ləs– əd–yi–t–s
kʷi
i
kʷi
CONJ
xʷƛ’alap stab pot
i kʷi
what
REM
as–šab STAT–dry
PR
kʷi
s ə əd
REM
food
dᶻabid vegetables
u=s=šə –tx–bš=lap IRR=NM=make–ECS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
i
i CONJ
kʷi
CONJ
REM
sgʷa təd funeral.goods
‘ “You should set aside for me food and salmon eggs and dried vegetables, and a pot, what you will prepare for me as funeral goods.’ 30 ƛ’ub a al kʷi ad ucəxʷəsbə ƛ’ub well
a be.there
al kʷi at
REM
udəxʷ atubšləp ti ə s ə əd ad where
u=d=dəxʷ= as–bə IRR=1SG.PO=ADNM=STAT–fall
412
Coyote and His Daughter
u=dəxʷ= a–txʷ–bš=lap IRR=ADNM=be.there–ECS–1SG.OBJ=2PL.PO
ti ə
s ə əd
PROX
food
‘ “There should be food in the place where I am laid, where you guys will put me.’ 31
ƛ’al’ bas ista
dxʷ al ti ə
təb
i ti i
dəxʷudxʷliq’ʷusəbs
i kʷədi
ƛ’udəxʷəs əqšads i kʷədi ƛ’ udəxʷ əs əqla ads ƛ’u dəxʷ ǰu adads ƛ’al’ bə=as– ista
dxʷ– al
ti ə
təb
also
CNTRPT–at
PROX
ochre
ADD=STAT–be.like
dəxʷ= u–dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us–b=s
i
ADNM=PFV–CTD–paint•face–MD=3PO
CONJ
DIST
REM.DMA
i
HAB=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•leg=3PO
ti i
kʷədi
CONJ
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= as– əq•šad=s
i
kʷədi REM.DMA
CONJ
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= as– əq•l•a ad=s HAB=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•CNN•arm=3PO
ƛ’u=dəxʷ=ǰu adad=s HAB=ADNM=wear.regalia=3PO
‘ “It is also the same for the ochre and that used for painting one’s face and wrapping one’s legs and wrapping one’s arms, what is used for regalia.” ’ 32 di s aƛ’s di
s= aƛ’=s
FOC
NM=desire=3PO
‘That is what he wants.’ 33 haˑy di shuyutəbs tə
al ti i s atəbəds
hay
di
s=huyu–t–b=s
tə
SCONJ
FOC
NM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO
truly
al ti i at
DIST
s= atəbəd=s NM=die=3PO
‘So that is truly done for him when he dies.’ 34
u ʷtub u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS ‘He is taken.’
35 gʷəl uqʷatatəb ti ə tu ə gʷəl SCONJ
ə ti ə sbiaw
u–qʷata–t–b PFV–laid.out–ICS–PASS
ti ə
tu= ə
PROX
PAST=mind
‘And the intentions of Coyote are carried out.’
ə PR
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
Martha Williams Lamont
413
36 haˑy əgʷəlb hay
əgʷəl–b leave–PASS
SCONJ
‘So he is left.’ 37
ʷul’ əsq’il al ti ə q’il’bid ʷul’
as–q’il
only
al ti ə
STAT–aboard
at
q’il’bid
PROX
canoe
‘He is just on board a canoe.’ 38 gʷəl ʷul’ əs əqyalustub ə ti ə kʷu t gʷəl
ʷul’ only
SCONJ
as– əq•y•alus–txʷ–b
ə
STAT–wrapped•CNN•edge–ECS–PASS
PR
ti ə
kʷu t
PROX
sleeping.mat
‘And he is just wrapped up in a sleeping mat.’ 39 di dəxʷəšə s skəyuhali di
dəxʷ= as–šə =s
skəyuhali
FOC
ADNM=STAT–make=3PO
cemetery
‘That is how the cemetery is made.’ 40
ahəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ
al
be.there=now
at
ti i DIST
‘That is where he was.’ 41 huy hagʷəxʷ tul’ al kʷi tus atəbəds huy
ha kʷ=axʷ
tul’– al
kʷi
tu=s= atəbəd=s
SCONJ
long.time=now
CNTRFG–at
REM
PAST=NM=die=3PO
‘Then it is a long time after he had died.’ 42 gʷəl ƛ’u ukʷukʷilb ti ə wiw’su gʷəl
ƛ’u= ukʷukʷ–il–b
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
HAB=play–INCH–MD
PROX
children
‘And the children go out to play.’ 43 gʷəl ugʷa ʷgʷa ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u–gʷa ʷ–gʷa ʷ PFV–DSTR–walk
‘And they are walking.’
414
44
Coyote and His Daughter
u u ʷ u– u ʷ PFV–go
‘They go.’ 45 lə ’itil ə ti ə dəxʷ a ə ti ə skəyu li a kʷ ə ti ə
lə= ’it–il PROG=near–INCH
PR
dəxʷ= a
ə
ADNM=be.there
PROX
PR
ti ə
skəyu
PROX
corpse
li – a kʷ PRLV–seaward
‘They are drawing near to the place where this corpse is by the shore.’ 46 til əb əxʷ əlgʷə
uluud ti acəc
tiləb=axʷ
əlgʷə
immediately=now
PL
u–lu–t
ti acəc
PFV–hear–ICS
UNQ
‘Suddenly they hear this very one.’ 47
i i INTJ
‘Yes!’ 48 šudubəxʷ ti ə sut’iq’ʷil ə ti ə dəxʷ a ə ti ə kəyu šu –dxʷ–b=axʷ
ti ə
s= u–t’iq’ʷ–il
see–DC–PASS=now
PROX
NM=PFV–smoky–INCH
dəxʷ= a
ə
ADNM=be.there
PR
ti ə
kəyu
PROX
corpse
‘Then they see smoke in the place where the corpse is.’ 49 huy u ʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘Then they go.’ 50
u ʷəxʷ ti ə qa wiw’su u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
qa
wiw’su
PROX
many
children
‘A lot of children go.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
415
51 gʷəl ləšudub ti ə gʷəl
lə=šu –dxʷ–b
ti ə
SCONJ
PROG=see–DC–PASS
PROX
‘And it is seen.’ 52
əsqʷalc as–qʷalc STAT–boiled
‘He is boiling (i.e., cooking).’ 53
əshud up ti ə sbiaw as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote has a fire going.’ 54 gʷəl (h)uy cutəbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And then it is spoken,’ 55
əsp’alil əw’ə ti sbiaw as–p’alil STAT–revive
əw’ə
ti
sbiaw
PTCL
SPEC
coyote
‘ “Coyote has revived!’ 56
a haw’ə həli a be.there
haw’ə
həli
PTCL
alive
‘ “There he is alive!” ’ 57 huy u ʷcəxʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now
əlgʷə PL
‘Then they go up to him.’ 58 gʷəl uk’ʷi k’ʷəlid gʷəl SCONJ
u–k’ʷi –k’ʷəli–t PFV–ATTN–peer–ICS
‘And they take a quick little peek at him.’
416
Coyote and His Daughter
59 tiləbəxʷ uqʷa atəb ə ti ə sbiaw tiləb=axʷ
u–qʷa a–t–b
immediately=now
PFV–driven.off–ICS–PASS
‘Immediately, they are driven away by Coyote.’ 60 lilcut i! i
lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL
2PL.IMP
‘ “Get away, you guys!’ 61 lilcut wiw’su lil–t–sut
wiw’su
far–ICS–REFL
children
‘ “Get away, children!’ 62 put əd sa put
əd
really
sa
1SG.SUB
bad
‘ “I am really bad.’ 63 skəyu əd skəyu
əd
corpse
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m a corpse.’ 64 s m hmm s m
hmm
pew!
hmm
‘ “Pew!’ 65
u ihəl əd u– ihəl PFV–stink
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I stink.’ 66 hiwil i hiwil go.ahead
i 2PL.IMP
‘ “Go on you guys!’
ə PR
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
Martha Williams Lamont
417
67 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!’ 68 hagʷəxʷ əd u atəbəd ha kʷ=axʷ
u– atəbəd
əd
long.time=now
1SG.SUB
PFV–die
‘ “I died a long time ago.” ’ 69
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘They go.’
70 lilcut ti ə wiw’su lil–t–sut
ti ə
wiw’su
far–ICS–REFL
PROX
children
‘The children go away.’ 71 gʷəl tiləbəxʷ usa saxʷəb gʷəl
tiləb=axʷ
SCONJ
immediately=now
u–sa –saxʷəb PFV–ATTN–jump
‘And they scamper off.’ 72
ut’uk’ʷ u–t’uk’ʷ PFV–go.home
‘They go home.’ 73 gʷəl ləyəcəb gʷəl
lə=yəc–b
SCONJ
PROG=report–MD
‘And they report it.’ 74
u is ə ti sbiaw u– il–s PFV–arrive–ALTV
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “We came upon Coyote.’
ti
sbiaw
SPEC
coyote
418
75
Coyote and His Daughter
uqʷalc u–qʷalc PFV–boiled
‘ “He was boiling.’ 76
əshud up as–hud• up STAT–burn•fire
‘ “He has a fire.’ 77 gʷəl uqʷa atubu gʷəl SCONJ
u–qʷa a–t–ubu PFV–driven.off–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “But he drove us off.’ 78 hagʷəxʷ k’ʷə tu atəbədəs ha kʷ=axʷ
k’ʷə
tu= atəbəd=as
long.time=now
QTV
PAST=die=3SBRD
‘ “It’s said to have been a long time since he died.’ 79 kəyu k’ʷə ti sucucuts kəyu
k’ʷə
ti
s= u–cut–cut=s
corpse
QTV
SPEC
NM=PFV–DSTR–say=3PO
‘ “What he says is that he is a corpse.” ’ 80 bələ ay əxʷ ələp kʷi su u ʷləp bə=lə= ay =axʷ
ələp
ADD=PROG=go.for.what=now
2PL.SUB
kʷi
s= u– u ʷ=lap
REM
NM=PFV–go=2PL.PO
‘ “What business did you guys have in going there?” ’ 81 huy ʷul’əxʷ ʷadᶻatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy ʷul’=axʷ ʷadᶻa–t–b=axʷ SCONJ
only=now
annihilate–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then they simply punish the children.’ 82 huy bə aˑhəxʷ huy
bə= a=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=be.there=now
‘So there they are again.’
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
Martha Williams Lamont
419
83 xʷi əxʷ bəs u ʷləp xʷi =axʷ
bə=s= u ʷ=lap
NEG=now
ADD=NM=go=2PL.PO
‘ “Don’t you guys go there again!” ’ 84
ahəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ
al
be.there=now
at
ti i DIST
‘He is there.’ 85
ə ʷaq’ʷigʷəd ə ti ə wiw’su as–dxʷ– ʷaq’ʷ•igʷəd
ə
STAT–CTD–troubled•inside.body
PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘He is annoyed by the children.’ 86 bələk’ʷa atəb ti i sbiaw al kʷədi dəxʷ as bə=lə=k’ʷa a–t–b
ti i
sbiaw
ADD=PROG=examine–ICS–PASS
DIST
coyote
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘They peek at Coyote again there where he is.’ 87
a a be.there ‘There he is.’
88 di
sixʷ kʷi bəsut’iq’ʷils
di
sixʷ
kʷi
bə=s= u–t’iq’ʷ–il=s
suddenly
PTCL
REM
ADD=NM=PFV–smoke–INCH=3PO
‘Suddenly there is smoke again!’ 89 bə u ʷcəb sixʷ ə ti ə wiw’su bə= u ʷ–c–b
sixʷ
ə
ADD=go–ALTV–PASS
PTCL
PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘Once more the children go up to him.’ 90
aˑ a be.there ‘There he is.’
420
91
Coyote and His Daughter
əskʷukʷcut ə ti ə sušə s səsqʷalc s as–kʷukʷcut
ə
STAT–cook
PR
ti ə
s= u–šə =s
s= as–qʷalc=s
PROX
NM=PFV–make=3PO
NM=STAT–boiled=3PO
‘He is cooking what is ready to boil.’ 92 di əxʷ ti i tusəsgʷa
təd s ti ə
uhuyudəxʷ sušə səxʷ dəxʷu ə əds
di =axʷ
ti i
tu=s= as–gʷa təd=s
ti ə
FOC=now
DIST
PAST=NM=STAT–funeral.good=3PO
PROX
u–huyu–t=axʷ PFV–made–ICS=now
s= u–šə =s=axʷ
dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s
NM=PFV–make=3PO=now
ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘It was the funeral food that had been prepared, what had been made for eating.’ 93 qəl
i stab xʷu ələ stab ti ə sušə s bit’
qəl
i
salmon.roe
CONJ
stab
xʷu ələ
stab
ti ə
s= u–šə =s
bit’
what
maybe
what
PROX
NM=PFV–make=3PO
soup
‘Dried salmon eggs and whatever, perhaps he had made some soup.’ 94 huy qʷa adəxʷ sixʷ ti ə wiw’su ulilcutəs huy SCONJ
qʷa a–t=axʷ
sixʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
driven.off–ICS=now
PTCL
PROX
children
u=lil–t–sut=as IRR=far–ICS–REFL=3SBRD
‘Then he drives the children off again so they go away.’ 95 lilcut i! lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL
i 2PL.IMP
‘ “Get away, you guys!’ 96 lilcut lil–t–sut far–ICS–REFL ‘ “Get away!’ 97 sa sa bad
əd əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m bad.’
Martha Williams Lamont
421
98 skəyu əd skəyu corpse
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m a corpse.’ 99 put əd sa put really
əd
sa
1SG.SUB
bad
‘ “I am really bad.’ 100 hagʷəxʷ əd tu atəbəd ha kʷ=axʷ
əd
long.time=now
1SG.SUB
tu= atəbəd PAST=die
‘ “I’ve been dead for a long time.’ 101 hiwil i hiwil go.ahead
i 2PL.IMP
‘ “Go on, you guys!’ 102 lilcut wiw’su lil–t–sut
wiw’su
far–ICS–REFL
children
‘ “Get away, children.” ’ 103 bə u ʷ ti ə wiw’su bə= u ʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
ADD=go
PROX
children
‘Again the children go.’ 104 gʷəl tubəyəcəb əlgʷə ƛ’al’ gʷəl
tu=bə=yəc–b
əlgʷə
ƛ’al’
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=report–MD
PL
also
‘And again they report it.’ 105 huy gʷəl bədxʷsgʷəlaltəbəxʷ sixʷ əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
bə=dxʷs–gʷəlal–t–b=axʷ
sixʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=CTD–harmed–ICS–PASS=now
PTCL
PL
‘And then they are punished again.’
422
Coyote and His Daughter
106 xʷi əxʷ kʷi bəs u ʷləp xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
bə=s= u ʷ=lap
NEG=now
REM
ADD=NM=go=2PL.PO
‘ “Don’t you guys go there again!’ 107 skəyu tə ti i
ucucuuc ələp
skəyu
tə
ti i
corpse
truly
DIST
u–cut–cut–c PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV
ələp 2PL.SUB
‘ “It truly is a ghost which you guys are talking about.’ 108
aˑhəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ
al ti i
be.there=now
at
DIST
‘He is there.’ 109 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And then it is spoken,’ 110 tə kʷəda səƛ’a tə
kʷəda
səƛ’a
truly
PTCL
noble.person
‘ “He must have been a truly noble person.” ’ 111 hagʷəxʷ ha kʷ=axʷ long.time=now ‘Time passed.’ 112 gʷəl tucutəb gʷəl
tu=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PAST=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it was spoken,’ 113 gʷəƛ’ušuuc ələp ti i dəxʷəsq’ils al ti i q’il’bid gʷə=ƛ’u=šu –c SBJ=HAB=see–ALTV
ələp 2PL.SUB
ti i
dəxʷ= as–q’il=s
DIST
ADNM=STAT–aboard=3PO
q’il’bid canoe ‘ “You guys should see how he is on board that canoe.’
al ti i at
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
423
114 gʷət as a u xʷ ti i sbiaw gʷəsbə gʷə=tə =as
a
SBJ=truly=3SBRD
be.there
al ti i tudəxʷəs əqyalustəbs
u xʷ
ti i
sbiaw
gʷə=s=bə
PTCL
DIST
coyote
SBJ=NM=fall
tu=dəxʷ= as– q–y•alus–t–b=s PAST=ADNM=STAT–wrapped•CNN–end–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘ “If it is true that Coyote still is lying there all wrapped up.” ’ 115
u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘They go.’
116 huy šuuc huy
šu –c
SCONJ
see–ALTV
‘Then they look at him.’ 117
a a be.there ‘There he is.’
118 bas əqyalus bə= as– q–y•alus ADD=STAT–wrapped•CNN–end
‘He is all wrapped up.’ 119
a bəskəyu a
bə=skəyu
be.there
ADD=corpse
‘There is the corpse.’ 120
əsbə as–bə STAT–fall
‘He is lying there.’ 121 tə
a al ti i q’il’bid
tə truly
a be.there
al ti i at
DIST
q’il’bid canoe
‘Truly he is there in that canoe.’
al at
ti i DIST
424
122
Coyote and His Daughter
əs ista
ə ti i tubəsəshuytubs
as– ista STAT–be.like
ə
ti i
tu=bə=s= as–huyu–txʷ–b=s
PR
DIST
PAST=ADD=NM=STAT–made–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘He is as he had been prepared.’ 123 gʷa tu ʷ ƛ’uqʷibicut gʷa
tu ʷ ƛ’u=qʷibi–t–sut
INTJ
just
HAB=prepared–ICS–REFL
‘But, in fact, he always prepares himself.’ 124 gʷəl ubəbə agʷil gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə=bə a–agʷil IRR=ADD=fall–AUTO
‘And he will lie down again.’ 125
ʷul’ab ə ti i k’ əyi əxʷ gʷəs atəbəd s ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
k’əyi =axʷ
gʷə=s= atəbəd=s
same.way
PR
DIST
pretend=now
SBJ=NM=die=3PO
‘Just like one pretending that he has died.’ 126
aˑ xʷu ələ a
xʷu ələ
be.there
maybe
‘There he is, I guess.’ 127
əs ə id ti i tusəshuys əs ista as– ə id STAT–what.happen
ti i
tu=s= as–huyu=s
as– ista
DIST
PAST=NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘What he was doing happened like that.’ 128 haˑy huy qʷibicutəxʷ al ti i hay
huy
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
‘So, he gets himself ready there.’ 129 šə əxʷ šə =axʷ make=now ‘He does it.’
al ti i at
DIST
STAT–be.like
Martha Williams Lamont
130
425
u ibəšəxʷ u= ibəš=axʷ IRR=travel=now
‘He will travel.’ 131
uqʷibicutəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi ubəs əgʷasəxʷ dxʷ al tsi ə bəda s səsiq’ʷəbs tsi ə bəda s u=qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ IRR=prepared–ICS–REFL=now
dxʷ– al
kʷi
CNTRPT–at
REM
u=bəs– əgʷas=axʷ IRR=PROP–wife=now
dxʷ– al
tsi ə
bəda –s
s= as–hiq’ʷəb=s
tsi ə
CNTRPT–at
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
NM=STAT–covet=3PO
PROX:FEM
bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘He will fix himself up in order to take to wife his daughter whom he lusted after, his daughter.’ 132
əsiq’ʷəbid as–hiq’ʷəb–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS
‘He lusted after her.’ 133
əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tsi i bəda s as– al STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
tsi i
bəda –s
REM
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO
DIST:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘How would he manage to get his daughter?’ 134 huy dxʷ qʷalusəbəxʷ huy
dxʷ–qʷal•us–b=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–painted•face–MD=now
‘Then he paints his face.’ 135
dxʷ qʷalusəbəxʷ ti ə sbiaw dxʷ–qʷal•us–b=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
CTD–painted•face–MD=now
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote paints his face.’ 136 gʷəl dxʷliq’ʷusəbəxʷ gʷəl
dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us–b=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–paint•face–MD=now
‘And he applies red to his face.’
426
Coyote and His Daughter
137 huy gʷəl ibəšəxʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘And then travels.’ 138
əq əqšadəbəxʷ ə kʷədi di i səshuys əq– q•šad–b=axʷ
ə
DSTR–wrapped•leg–MD=now
PR
kʷədi
di i
s= as–huyu=s
REM.DMA
yonder
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He wraps his lower legs as it is done off yonder.’ 139
qaladi əbəxʷ əq•al•adi –b=axʷ wrapped•CNN•ear–MD=now ‘He binds his hair at the sides of his head.’
140
əst’əbšadi as–t’əbš•adi STAT–braid•ear
‘He has his hair braided.’ 141 gʷəl əs qaladi əb gʷəl
as– əq•al•adi –b
SCONJ
STAT–wrapped•CNN•ear–MD
‘And he has his hair bound at the sides of his head.’ 142 huy ibəšəxʷ huy
ibəš=axʷ
SCONJ
travel=now
‘Then he travels.’ 143
ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’usəhuy ə ti i tubšədəd ti i səshuysəxʷ ʷul’ab
ə
ti i
ƛ’u=s=lə=huyu
same.way
PR
DIST
HAB=NM=PROG=made
s= as–huyu=s=axʷ NM=STAT–made=3PO=now
‘Just as does a Sahaptin, so did he.’ 144
u ʷəxʷ dxʷdi ucid u ʷ=axʷ dxʷ–di •ucid go=now
CNTRPT–other.side•mouth
‘He goes to the other side of the river.’
ə
ti i
tubšədəd
ti i
PR
DIST
Sahaptin
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
145
427
ə ti dᶻə tustu tələkʷ u stab kʷədi tusəshuy ə kʷədi ti ə
a kʷbids a kʷbid ə
əs a lil
ə ‿ti seemingly
dᶻə
tu=stu –tələkʷ
PTCL
PAST=ATTN–river
ə
tu=s= as–huyu PAST=NM=STAT–made
PR
a kʷ–bid
ə
seaward–RLNL
u
stab
kʷədi
INTJ
what
REM.DMA
kʷədi REM.DMA
ti ə
PR
a kʷ–bid–s seaward–RLNL–3PO
as– a lil STAT–live
PROX
‘I guess a little river or something must have been down there seaward of them, seaward of the ones who lived there.’ 146 tiləxʷ kʷi suqʷi qʷi ads ə kʷədi di ucid al ti ə stu tələkʷ s= u–qʷi –qʷi ad=s
til=axʷ
kʷi
immediately=now
REM
di •ucid
NM=PFV–DSTR–call.out=3PO
al
other.side•mouth
at
ti ə
stu –tələkʷ
PROX
ATTN–river
ə PR
‘Suddenly from the other side of this little river he calls out.’ 147 di ucid ti ə
aci talbixʷ
di •ucid
ti ə
other.side•mouth
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘The people are on the other side of the river.’ 148 qʷi ad kʷədi di ucid qʷi ad
kʷədi
di •ucid
call.out
REM.DMA
other.side•mouth
‘The one across the river calls out.’ 149 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it is spoken,’ 150
a tudi a be.there
tudi DIST.DMA
‘ “There is someone over there.’
kʷədi REM.DMA
428
151
Coyote and His Daughter
uqʷi ad al didi ucid u–qʷi ad
al
PFV–call.out
at
di–di •ucid ATTN–other.side•mouth
‘ “He is calling from the other side of the river.’ 152
aci talbixʷ aci talbixʷ people ‘ “There is a person.’
153 šuuc i! šu –c see–ALTV
i 2PL.IMP
‘ “You guys (go) see him!” ’ 154 šuucəb šu –c–b see–ALTV–PASS ‘They look.’ 155
uqʷi aacəb u–qʷi aa–c–b PFV–call.out–ALTV–PASS
‘They call to him.’ 156 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘Nothing.’ 157
dxʷ ləli ucid k’ʷə kʷədi
ugʷadgʷad di ucid
dxʷ–ləli •ucid
k’ʷə
kʷədi
CTD–different•mouth
QTV
REM.DMA
u–gʷad–gʷad PFV–DSTR–talk
‘The one across the river speaks a different language.’ 158
a ədaˑ a əda INTJ
‘ “Oh dear!’
di •ucid other.side•mouth
Martha Williams Lamont
429
159 gʷədi əs kʷi taxʷ əgʷasəb gʷə=di =as
kʷi
tu= as–dxʷ– əgʷas–ab
SBJ=FOC=3SBRD
REM
PAST=STAT–CTD–wife–DSD
‘ “He might be the one who wants to have a wife.’ 160
əbil’ di əxʷ əbil’ perhaps
di =axʷ FOC=now
‘ “Perhaps he’s the one.” ’ 161 cutəbəxʷ cut–t–b=axʷ say–ICS–PASS=now ‘It is spoken,’ 162
u ʷc i u ʷ–c go–ALTV
i 2PL.IMP
‘ “You guys go to him.’ 163
u ʷc u ʷ–c go–ALTV ‘ “Go to him.” ’
164 huy tulisəbəxʷ ə ti ə q’il’bid ti ə tubšədəd huy
tu=lil–s–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=far–ALTV–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
q’il’bid
ti ə
tubšədəd
PROX
canoe
PROX
Sahaptin
‘So the Sahaptin is crossed over to in a canoe.’ 165
alisəb alil–s–b go.ashore–ALTV–PASS ‘He is gone ashore to.’
166 gʷəl gʷadgʷad ti ə
aci talbixʷ
gʷəl
gʷad–gʷad
ti ə
SCONJ
DSTR–talk
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘And they speak to this person.’
430
Coyote and His Daughter
167 gʷəl wiliq’ʷitəb tutul’ adəs gʷəl
wiliq’ʷi–t–b
tu=tul’– ad=as
SCONJ
ask–ICS–PASS
PAST=CNTRFG–where=3SBRD
‘And he is asked where he might be from.’ 168 huy gʷəl ʷul’əxʷ ucucut huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
‘But he just says,’ 169 sqʷinmə qʷinmə qʷinmə sqʷinmə qʷinmə . ‘Sqʷin’mə , qʷin’mə , qʷin’mə , sqʷin’mə , qʷin’mə .’ 170
ʷul’ utəq’tq’aladi əb ʷul’ only
u–təq’–tq’•al•adi –b PFV–DSTR–slap•CNN•ear–MD
‘He just slaps the side of his head.’ 171
ʷul’ əstkʷadi xʷu ələ ʷul’ only
as–tkʷadi STAT–deaf
al kʷi dəxʷəshuys
xʷu ələ maybe
al kʷi at
REM
dəxʷ= as–huyu=s ADNM=STAT–made=3PO
‘He is simply deaf, I guess, to what is going on.’ 172 xʷi gʷəsəsƛ’əlabuts xʷi
gʷə=s= as–ƛ’əlabut=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–understand=3PO
‘He cannot understand.’ 173 huy gʷəl (h)uy tuliltub huy
gʷəl
huy
tulil–txʷ–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
cross.water–ECS–PASS
‘And then they take him back across the river.’ 174 gʷəl aˑlil gʷəl SCONJ
alil go.ashore
‘And they go ashore.’ 175 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘And it is spoken,’
Martha Williams Lamont
176
431
ugʷihid ə tsi kay’kay’ u=gʷihi–t
ə
IRR=invite–ICS
1PL.SUB
tsi
kay’kay’
SPEC:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘ “Let’s invite Steller’s Jay.’ 177 di xʷu ələ gʷasluud ti ə si ab u il di
xʷu ələ
gʷə= as–lu–t
ti ə
si ab
FOC
maybe
SBJ=STAT–hear–ICS
PROX
noble
u– il PFV–arrive
‘ “She’s the one who, perhaps, can understand this worthy man who has arrived.” ’ 178 gʷihitəbəxʷ tsi ə kay’kay’ gʷihi–t–b=axʷ
tsi ə
kay’kay’
invite–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘Steller’s Jay is invited.’ 179
ə ƛ’a k’ayk’ay’ asƛ’əb əd ti ə əƛ’a k’ayk’ay’ go.to
ucutcut ugʷaagʷad
u= as–ƛ’əb əd
Steller’s.jay
ti ə
IRR=STAT–listen.to
u–cut–cut
PROX
PFV–DSTR–say
u–gʷaagʷad PFV–converse
‘Steller’s Jay goes there and will listen to what is said, what is conversed.’ 180 gʷəl huy
ə ƛ’axʷ tsi i kay’kay’
gʷəl
huy
əƛ’=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
go.to=now
tsi i
kay’kay’
DIST:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘Steller’s Jay goes there.’ 181 gʷəl luudəxʷ gʷəl
lu–t=axʷ
SCONJ
hear–ICS=now
‘And she listens to him.’ 182
əxʷ əgʷasəb k’ʷə ti ə
u a kʷ
as–dxʷ– əgʷas–ab
k’ʷə
ti ə
STAT–CTD–wife–DSD
QTV
PROX
u– a kʷ PFV–go.seaward
‘ “This one who has come to the coast wants a wife.’ 183 di k’ʷə kʷədi tubšədəd lədxʷ al tsi ə bəda di FOC
ə ti ə tusbiaw u atəbəd
k’ʷə
kʷədi
tubšədəd
lə=dxʷ– al
tsi ə
bəda
QTV
REM.DMA
Sahaptin
PROG=CNTRFG–at
PROX:FEM
offspring PR
ti ə
tu=sbiaw
PROX
PAST=coyote
u– atəbəd PFV–die
‘ “He is a Sahaptin coming for the daughter of the late Coyote who has died.’
ə
432
Coyote and His Daughter
184 gʷəl di ti ə tu a kʷ gʷəl
di
ti ə
tu= a kʷ
SCONJ
FOC
PROX
PAST=seaward
‘ “It is he who has come to the coast,” ’ 185 cucut tsi ə kay’kay’ cut–cut
tsi ə
kay’kay’
DSTR–say
PROX:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘Steller’s Jay says’ 186 gʷadgʷadəxʷ ƛ’al’ tsi i kay’kay’ gʷad–gʷad=axʷ
ƛ’al’
tsi i
kay’kay’
DSTR–talk=now
also
DIST:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘Steller’s Jay speaks again.’ 187 ša ša ša ša ‘ “Shack, shack, shack.” ’ 188
ucucut ti i suc’əw’qəb ə tsi ə kay’kay’ u–cut–cut PFV–DSTR–say
ti i
s= u–c’əw’qəb
ə
DIST
NM=PFV–speak.Sahaptin
PR
tsi ə
kay’kay’
PROX:FEM
Steller’s.jay
‘Steller’s Jay speaks in a Sahaptin language.’ 189 ƛ’al’ bugʷadgʷadəxʷ əsq’ʷu ti ə cədi
as–q’ʷu
ƛ’al’ bə= u–gʷad–gʷad=axʷ also
ADD=PFV–DSTR–talk=now
uc’əw’qəb
STAT–gathered
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
u–c’əw’qəb PFV–speak.Sahaptin
‘Again she converses with this one who speaks Sahaptin.’ 190 huˑy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And it is spoken,’ 191 bədi kʷi ləbəs əgʷas dxʷ al tsi acəc bəda
ə ti i si ab u atəbəd
bə=di
kʷi
lə=bəs– əgʷas
dxʷ– al
tsi acəc
bəda
ADD=FOC
REM
PROG=PROP–wife
CNTRPT–at
UNQ:FEM
offspring PR
ti i
si ab
DIST
noble
ə
u– atəbəd PFV–die
‘ “He is the one seeking as a wife the very daughter of the noble who has died.’
Martha Williams Lamont
433
192 ƛ’ub ələp ušuuc ƛ’ub
ələp
well
u–šu –c
2PL.SUB
PFV–see–ALTV
‘ “You guys should look him over.’ 193 ta tabəd i ta tabəd
i
serious.talk
2PL.IMP
‘ “Talk it over carefully, you guys!” ’ 194 hay cutəbəxʷ hay
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘So it is spoken,’ 195 ƛ’ub ʷul’ šə ƛ’ub
ʷul’ab ə ti i tucutəb ə
ʷul’ šə
well
only
ʷul’ab
make
same.way
ə ti i tu atəbəd sbiaw
ə
ti i
tu=cut–t–b
PR
DIST
PAST=say–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
tu= atəbəd
sbiaw
PR
DIST
PAST=die
coyote
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “It should be done just as deceased Coyote told us to.’ 196 ƛ’ub ukʷədatəb ə ti ə tubšədəd tsi ə tubəda ƛ’ub
u–kʷəda–t–b
well
ə
PFV–taken–ICS–PASS
tu=bəda
ə
PAST=offspring
PR
PR
ə ti sbiaw
ti ə
tubšədəd
tsi ə
PROX
Sahaptin
PROX:FEM
ti
sbiaw
SPEC
coyote
‘ “This Sahaptin should take the former daughter of Coyote.’ 197 ƛ’uˑb gʷəl bə u ə id ƛ’ub
gʷəl
bə= u– ə id
well
SCONJ
ADD=PFV–what.happen
‘ “Okay, let’s see what happens.’ 198 ƛ’ub ələp ukʷədad ələpa agʷ id yid al tə a ƛ’ub well
ələp 2PL.SUB a be.there
u–kʷəda–t
ələpa
PFV–taken–ICS
ələpa 2PL.COORD
2PL.COORD
ələp a gʷədiltxʷ agʷid–yi–t
mat–DAT–ICS
al at
gʷəd–il–txʷ down–INCH–ECS
‘ “You guys take them and lay out a mat there and sit them down.’
tə NSPEC
434
Coyote and His Daughter
199 gʷəl əsgʷədil txʷ gʷəl
əsq’ʷu
ə tsi ə s adəy
as–gʷəd–il–txʷ
SCONJ
as–q’ʷu
STAT–down–INCH–ECS
ə
STAT–gathered
PR
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
‘ “And he will sit together with this woman.’ 200 di ushuygʷas ti i di
əs ista
u=s=huyu•gʷas=s
ti i
IRR=NM=made•pair=3PO
FOC
DIST
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘ “In this manner will be their marrying.” ’ 201
u ʷtubəxʷ u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now ‘He is taken.’
202 gʷəl ləgʷədiltub ’itbid ə tsi ə s adəy gʷəl
lə=gʷəd–il–txʷ–b
SCONJ
PROG=down–INCH–ECS–PASS
’it–bid
ə
near–RLNL
PR
tsi ə
s adəy
PROX:FEM
woman
‘And he is sat next to this woman.’ 203 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it is spoken,’ 204 hay ƛ’ubəxʷ di ad əgʷasəxʷ tsi i hay
ƛ’ub=axʷ
di
ad– əgʷas=axʷ
tsi i
SCONJ
well=now
FOC
2SG.PO–wife=now
DIST:FEM
‘ “Now she is the one who should be your wife.’ 205 ƛ’ub əxʷ ukʷədad ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
2SG.SUB
u–kʷəda–t PFV–taken–ICS
‘ “You should take her.’ 206 huy əxʷ tascutəb ə ti i tu ə bsbəda huy
əxʷ
SCONJ
2SG.SUB
tu= as–cut–t–b PAST=STAT–say–ICS–PASS
tu= as–bəs–bəda PAST=STAT–PROP–offspring
‘ “For he who had a daughter told you to.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
435
207 ƛ’ub əxʷ ubiqʷyitəb ə tsi acəc tubəda s ƛ’ub
əxʷ
well
u–biqʷi–yi–t–b
2SG.SUB
PFV–loosened–DAT–ICS–PASS
ə
tsi acəc
PR
UNQ:FEM
tu=bəda –s PAST=offspring–3PO
‘ “You should be permitted his former daughter.” ’ 208 huygʷasəxʷ ti acəc tubšədəd kʷi səxʷcutəbitəbs huyu•gʷas=axʷ
ti acəc
tubšədəd
kʷi
made•pair=now
UNQ
Sahaptin
REM
s= as–dxʷ–cut–ab–bi–t–b=s NM=STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘That very Sahaptin who they believed him to be was married to her.’ 209
əxʷqʷalus əb
ə ti ə qa təb pə t təb
as–dxʷ–qʷal•us–b
ə
STAT–CTD–painted•face–MD
PR
ti ə
qa
təb
pə t
təb
PROX
many
ochre
thick
ochre
‘His face is painted with lots of ochre, thick ochre.’ 210 xʷi gʷəsəsuxʷtəbs xʷi
gʷə=s= as–suxʷt–b=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–recognized–PASS=3PO
‘He cannot be recognized.’ 211 huy aˑhəxʷ huy SCONJ
a=axʷ be.there=now
‘So there he is.’ 212
əs istabəxʷ ti ə as– ista –b=axʷ STAT–be.like–MD=now
‘It is like this.’ 213
əshuygʷas as–huyu•gʷas STAT–made•pair
‘He is married.’
ti ə PROX
436
214
Coyote and His Daughter
əsk’ʷi iw’ as–k’ʷi iw’ STAT–live.with.in.laws
‘He lives with his in-laws.’ 215 xʷi ləha kʷ xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
NEG
NEGP=long.time
‘It is not long.’ 216 di əxʷ kʷi supipkʷpəkʷ ə cədi tusəxʷqʷalus səxʷliq’ʷus di =axʷ
kʷi
s= u–pi–pəkʷ–pəkʷ
suddenly=now
REM
NM=PFV–ATTN–DSTR–flake
ə
cədi
PR
s/he
tu=s= as–dxʷ–qʷal•us=s
s= as–dxʷ–liq’ʷ•us=s
PAST=NM=STAT–CTD–painted•face=3PO
NM=STAT–CTD–paint•face=3PO
‘Suddenly the face-marking, the red face-marking flakes off a bit.’ 217 ləpəkʷpkʷaxʷ lə=pəkʷ–pkʷ=axʷ PROG=DSTR–flake=now
‘It is chipping off.’ 218 gʷəl
axʷ ti ləxʷi il ti i tusəstabs
gʷəl
ə =axʷ‿ti
SCONJ
seemingly=now
lə=xʷi –il
ti i
tu=s= as–taba=s
PROG=NEG–INCH
DIST
PAST=NM=STAT–do=3PO
‘And it is as though what he had done is all gone.’ 219 gʷəl ləwəli iləxʷ ti i səshuys acus gʷəl
lə=wəli –il=axʷ
ti i
s= as–huyu=s
SCONJ
PROG=visible–INCH=now
DIST
NM=STAT–made=3PO
acus–s face–3PO
‘And his face as it (really) is is becoming visible.’ 220 gʷəl əsaydubəxʷ ə tsi ə bəda s al ti i ƛ’usəsgʷədils al kʷi xʷ cqʷu gʷəl
as–hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ
SCONJ
STAT–known–DC–PASS=now
ƛ’u=s= as–gʷəd–il=s HAB=NM=STAT–down–INCH=3PO
ə PR al at
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO at
kʷi
xʷ–cqʷu
REM
CTD–day
‘And he is recognized by his daughter as he sits in the daylight.’
al ti i DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
437
221 di ti i gədu sbiaw di
ti i
gədu
sbiaw
FOC
DIST
so.and.so
coyote
‘ “It’s that bum Coyote!’ udᶻək’ʷuc sixʷ
222 dbad ti ə
u–dᶻək’ʷu–t–s
d–bad
ti ə
1SG.PO–father
PROX
sixʷ
PFV–wander–ICS–1SG.OBJ
PTCL
‘ “The one who has transgressed against me is my father!’ 223 gʷə(l) di əw’ə sixʷ ti i gʷəl
di
əw’ə
sixʷ
ti i
SCONJ
FOC
PTCL
PTCL
DIST
‘ “He’s the one all right!’ 224 di ti ə
u isəbš
di
ti ə
FOC
PROX
u– il–s–bš PFV–arrive–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
‘ “He’s the one who came to me.” ’ 225
əs iciləxʷ tsi ə
’a ’as
as– icil=axʷ
tsi ə
STAT–angry=now
’a ’as
PROX:FEM
child
‘This girl is angry.’ 226 xʷi əxʷ ləha
kʷi ə s
xʷi =axʷ
lə=ha
kʷi
NEG=now
NEGP=good
REM
ə –s mind–3PO
‘Her mood is not good.’ 227 cick’ʷəxʷ əsdukʷtxʷ ti ə bad s cick’ʷ=axʷ very=now
as–dukʷu–txʷ STAT–abnormal–ECS
ti ə
bad–s
PROX
father–3PO
‘She is very angry with her father.’ 228 gʷa( ) di bads ti ə
əshuygʷastxʷ
gʷa
di
bad–s
ti ə
INTJ
FOC
father–3PO
PROX
as–huyu•gʷas–txʷ STAT–made•pair–ECS
‘Because it is her father to whom she is married.’
438
Coyote and His Daughter
229 hay xʷu ələ
əs ə id ti ə səshuygʷas is istab
hay
xʷu ələ
SCONJ
maybe
as– ə id STAT–what.happen
ti ə
s= as–huyu•gʷas=s
PROX
NM=STAT–made•pair=3PO
is– ista –b DSTR–be.like–MD
‘So, I guess, it goes on like that while they are married.’ 230 hay cuucəxʷ ti ə wiw’su hay
cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PROX
children
‘So she says to the children,’ 231
u ukʷukʷəxʷ ələp wiw’su li əgʷal txʷ u= ukʷukʷ=axʷ
ələp
IRR=play=now
2PL.SUB
wiw’su
li – əgʷal txʷ
children
PRLV–outdoors
‘ “You children will play outdoors.’ 232
ut’ilibəxʷ ələp ə kʷi u s əcuucləp u=t’ilib=axʷ
ələp
IRR=sing=now
ə
2PL.SUB
PR
kʷi
u=s=lə=cut–c=lap IRR=NM=PROG=say–ALTV=2PL.PO
REM
‘ “You will sing what you will say to him.’ 233 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw
sbiaw
coyote
coyote
‘ “ ‘Coyote, Coyote!’ 234
əs ə itxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ
əxʷ
STAT–what.happen–ECS
2SG.SUB
sixʷ
tsi
ad–bəda
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “ ‘What have you done to your daughter?’ ’ 235
ascut kʷi uscucutləp u= as–cut IRR=STAT–say
kʷi REM
u=s=cut–cut=lap IRR=NM=DSTR–say=2PL.PO
‘ “What you guys will say will be said.” ’ 236
u ʷ ti ə wiw’su u ʷ go
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘The children go.’
Martha Williams Lamont
439
237 qa ti ə wiw’su qa
ti ə
wiw’su
many
PROX
children
‘There are a lot of children.’ 238 huy ’axʷadi əxʷ əlgʷə li əgʷal txʷ ti ə wiw’su huy SCONJ
’axʷ•adi =axʷ clubbed•ear=now
əlgʷə
li – əgʷal txʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
PL
PRLV–outdoors
PROX
children
‘Then the children beat time with sticks outdoors.’ 239 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw
sbiaw
coyote
coyote
‘ “Coyote, Coyote!’ 240
əs ə itxʷəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbiyə as– ə id–txʷ=axʷ
əxʷ
STAT–what.happen–ECS=now
2SG.SUB
sixʷ
tsi
ad–biyə
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–little.child
‘ “What have you done to your daughter?’ 241 sbiaw sbiaw sbiaw
sbiaw
coyote
coyote
‘ “Coyote, Coyote!’ 242
əs ə itxʷəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ts(i) adbəda as– ə id–txʷ=axʷ
əxʷ
STAT–what.happen–ECS=now
2SG.SUB
sixʷ
tsi
ad–bəda
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “What have you done to your daughter?” ’ 243 tiləb u əc ti ə sbiaw tiləb
u– əc
immediately
PFV–afraid
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Right away Coyote gets scared.’ 244 gʷəl ucut gʷəl SCONJ
u–cut PFV–say
‘And he says,’
440
Coyote and His Daughter
245 siyə qəliltxʷ ti wiw’su siyə
qəl–il–txʷ
ti
wiw’su
INTJ
bad–INCH–ECS
SPEC
children
‘ “Hey! Make the children stop!’ 246
ə ti di ti i adbad ti uda atəb ə ‿ti seemingly
di
ti i
ad–bad
ti
u–da a–t–b
FOC
DIST
2SG.PO–father
SPEC
PFV–named–ICS–PASS
‘ “It seems that the one being named is your father.” ’ 247 bədxʷləšucidəxʷ ha əxʷ al ti i bəsgʷəgʷadəds ti acəc tubšədəd bə=dxʷləšucid=axʷ
ha =axʷ
ADD=Lushootseed=now
good=now
ti acəc
tubšədəd
UNQ
Sahaptin
al at
ti i
bə=s=gʷəgʷadəd=s
DIST
ADD=NM=converse=3PO
‘ “So now this Sahaptin speaks good Lushootseed.’ 248 huy di ti ə xʷi ləha
di
huy
di
ti ə
xʷi
lə=ha
di
SCONJ
FOC
PROX
NEG
NEGP=good
FOC
‘ “Because this no-good so-and-so is him. It is him!’ 249 di ti dbad ti uda atəb di
ti
d–bad
ti
FOC
SPEC
1SG.PO–father
SPEC
u–da a–t–b PFV–named–ICS–PASS
‘ “The one who is named is my father.” ’ 250 qəliltxʷ qəl–il–txʷ bad–INCH–ECS ‘ “Make them stop!’ 251 di ti i adbad ti uda atəb di
ti i
ad–bad
ti
FOC
DIST
2SG.PO–father
SPEC
u–da a–t–b PFV–named–ICS–PASS
‘ “The one who is named is your father.” ’ 252 [ ə id əw’ə səƛ’a ti ə ha kʷ tu ukʷukʷ ti ə wiw’su əscut ə id what.happen
əw’ə
səƛ’a
ti ə
ha kʷ
tu= ukʷukʷ
ti ə
PTCL
noble.person
PROX
long.time
PAST=play
PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
wiw’su
as–cut
children
STAT–say
441
‘ “It happens, Sir, for a long time these children have played saying it.” ’ 253
ʷul’ udukʷtub ə t s i ə bəda s ʷul’ only
u–dukʷu–txʷ–b
ə
PFV–abnormal–ECS–PASS
PR
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘His daughter just gets angry with him.’ 254 gʷa( ) əsaydubəxʷ sbiaw gʷa INTJ
as–hay–dxʷ–b=axʷ
sbiaw
STAT–known–DC–PASS=now
coyote
‘For Coyote is known to her now.’ 255 ləli lildubəxʷ ə tsi ə bəda s lə=li –lil–dxʷ–b=axʷ
ə
PROG=ATTN–far–DC–PASS=now
PR
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘He is drawn away from by his daughter.’ 256
i ibitəbəxʷ i i–bi–t–b=axʷ embarassed–MAP–ICS–PASS=now ‘She is shamed by him.’
257
aˑhəxʷ al ti i a=axʷ
al
be.there=now
at
ti i DIST
‘There is where he is.’ 258 huy cutəbəxʷ ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
ə
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə PROX
‘Then it is spoken by the people,’ 259
u ə idəxʷ kʷi huy u= ə id=axʷ IRR=what.happen=now
‘ “What can be done?’
kʷi
huyu
REM
made
aci talbixʷ people
442
Coyote and His Daughter
260 xʷu ələ tə əw’ə sixʷ xʷu ələ
tə
əw’ə
sixʷ
maybe
truly
PTCL
PTCL
‘ “It must be true.’ udᶻək’ʷutəb
261 di ti sbiaw ti ə
u–dᶻək’ʷu–t–b
di
ti
sbiaw
ti ə
FOC
SPEC
coyote
PROX
PFV–wander–ICS–PASS
‘ “It is Coyote who has transgressed against her.” ’ 262
u ʷcəxʷ u ʷ–c=axʷ go–ALTV=now ‘They go to it.’
263
u ʷcəbəxʷ kʷi ti tudəxʷ a ə ti skəyus tudəxʷ atubs u ʷ–c–b=axʷ go–ALTV–PASS=now
kʷi
ti
tu=dəxʷ= a
ə
REM
SPEC
PAST=ADNM=be.there
skəyu–s
tu=dəxʷ= a–txʷ–b=s
corpse–3PO
PAST=ADNM=be.there–ECS–PASS=3PO
PR
ti SPEC
‘They go to where the corpse was, to where it had been placed.’ 264 xʷiˑ əxʷ ti sbiaw xʷi =axʷ
ti
sbiaw
NEG=now
SPEC
coyote
‘There is no Coyote.’ 265 day’əxʷ ti ə kʷu t i ti ə q’il’bid ti ə day’=axʷ
ti ə
kʷu t
uniquely=now
PROX
sleeping.mat
a i CONJ
ti ə
q’il’bid ti ə
PROX
canoe
PROX
‘Only the mat and canoe are there.’ 266 tə di sbiaw ti ə
uhuyud əw’ə sixʷ tsi ə bəda s
tə
di
sbiaw
ti ə
truly
FOC
coyote
PROX
u–huyu–t PFV–made–ICS
əw’ə sixʷ
tsi ə
PTCL PTCL
PROX:FEM
bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘ “Truly it is Coyote who did this to his daughter.’
a be.there
Martha Williams Lamont
267
443
as aləxʷ kʷi ushuyud ə u= as– al=axʷ
kʷi
IRR=STAT–how=now
u=s=huyu–t
ə
IRR=NM=made–ICS
REM
1PL.PO
‘ “How are we going to deal with it?” ’ 268 ti i tudəxʷhuyutəbsəxʷ dxʷ al kʷi gʷədəxʷdukʷutəbsəxʷ ti i DIST
tu=dəxʷ=huyu–t–b=s=axʷ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
PAST=ADNM=made–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
CNTRPT–at
REM
gʷə=dəxʷ=dukʷu–t–b=s=axʷ SBJ=ADNM=abnormal–ICS–PASS=3PO=now
‘That is why preparations were made in order to put a spell on him.’ 269 cutəxʷ ti ə
aci talbixʷ
cut=axʷ
ti ə
say=now
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘The people say,’ 270 ƛ’ub ə ugʷa ʷ ə kʷi udəxʷgʷa ʷ ə ƛ’ub
ə
well
1PL.SUB
u=gʷa ʷ
ə
IRR=walk
PR
kʷi REM
u=dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ
ə
IRR=ADNM=walk
1PL.PO
‘ “We should walk where we will walk.’ 271
ugʷa ʷ ə u=gʷa ʷ IRR=walk
ə 1PL.SUB
‘ “We will walk.’ 272 gʷəl uq’axʷatəb uq’axʷatəb ti ə dəxʷ as gʷəl
u=q’axʷa–t–b
SCONJ
u=q’axʷa–t–b
IRR=frozen–ICS–PASS
ti ə
IRR=frozen–ICS–PASS
PROX
dəxʷ= a=s ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘ “And he will be frozen, he will be frozen where he is.’ 273
uhuyil sq’axʷ dxʷ al gʷəsxʷi s gʷəšədᶻaldubuts ə kʷi ha kʷ u=huyu–il IRR=made–INCH
sq’axʷ
dxʷ– al
gʷə=s=xʷi =s
ice
CNTRPT–at
SBJ=NM=NEG=3PO
gʷə=s=šədᶻal–dxʷ–but=s SBJ=NM=go.outdoors–DC–REFL=3PO
ə PR
kʷi
ha kʷ
REM
long.time
‘ “It will become ice so that he cannot get himself outside for a long time.’
444
274
Coyote and His Daughter
u ʷul’ul’əxʷ usq’axʷ pə t sq’axʷ ti ə u= ʷul’–ul’=axʷ
udəxʷəsdəgʷagʷils
u=s=q’axʷ
IRR=INTNS–only=now
IRR=NM=frozen
pə t
sq’axʷ
ti ə
thick
ice
PROX
u=dəxʷ= as–dəkʷa–agʷil=s IRR=ADNM=STAT–inside–AUTO=3PO
‘ “What he will be inside of will be nothing but frozen thick ice.’ 275
u əgʷ
ə
al ti ƛ’usəs ituts
u= əgʷ
ə
IRR=leave
1PL.SUB
al ti at
ƛ’u=s= as– itut=s HAB=NM=STAT–sleep=3PO
SPEC
‘ “We will leave him while he sleeps.” ’ 276 huˑy qʷib icut əxʷ ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
aci talbixʷ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
people
‘Then the people get ready.’ 277
a əxʷ səscutəbs a =axʷ
s= as–cut–t–b=s
dark=now
NM=STAT–say–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘It is dark as they speak.’ 278 huy lə iləxʷ al ti i uˑp al ti i
huy
lə –il=axʷ
SCONJ
light–INCH=now
at
DIST
up dawn
‘Then it became light at dawn.’ 279 (h)uy dukʷutəbəxʷ huy
dukʷu–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
abnormal–ICS–PASS=now
‘Then they put a spell on him.’ 280
a a cutəxʷ tsi ə bəda s a a cut=axʷ distance.self=now
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘His daughter distanced herself from him.’ 281 huy šədᶻaləxʷ huy šədᶻal=axʷ SCONJ
go.outdoors=now
‘Then she goes outside.’
Martha Williams Lamont
445
i šədᶻals
282 di di i
s=šədᶻal–s
suddenly
NM=go.outdoors–3PO
‘Just as soon as she goes out,’ 283 gʷəl ləq’axʷ ti ə tu al al tudəxʷ as gʷə al al əs gʷəstabəs kʷi cədi tudəxʷ as əlgʷə gʷəl
lə=q’axʷ
ti ə
tu= al al
tu=dəxʷ= a=s
SCONJ
PROG=frozen
PROX
PAST=house
PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO
gʷə= al al=as
gʷə=stab=as
kʷi
cədi
SBJ=house=3SBRD
SBJ=what=3SBRD
REM
s/he
tu=dəxʷ= a=s
əlgʷə
PAST=ADNM=be.there=3PO
PL
‘The house where he was, if it were a house, whatever it was where they had been, freezes.’ 284 q’aˑxʷ q’axʷ frozen ‘It freezes.’ 285
ʷul’ul’əxʷ sq’axʷ ʷul’–ul’=axʷ
sq’axʷ
INTNS–only=now
ice
‘It is nothing but ice.’ 286 xʷi əxʷ gʷəstabəxʷ gʷəs id i gʷatəxʷ gʷəstab gʷəs al xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=stab=axʷ
gʷə=s= idigʷat=axʷ
gʷə=stab
gʷə=s= al
NEG=now
SBJ=what=now
SBJ=NM=say.what=now
SBJ=what
SBJ=NM=how
‘Nothing is said – nothing in any way.’ 287
a a be.there ‘There he is.’
288
əs itut ti i sbiaw as– itut STAT–sleep
ti i
sbiaw
DIST
coyote
‘Coyote is asleep.’
446
Coyote and His Daughter
289 huy gʷa ʷəxʷ ti ə
aci talbixʷ
huy
gʷa ʷ=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
walk=now
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘Then the people walk.’ 290 gʷi ’gʷi ’əxʷ dxʷ al kʷi udəxʷ u ʷs dxʷ adəxʷ kʷi uspaq’acuts ti ə gʷi ’gʷi ’=axʷ
dxʷ– al
kʷi
go.looking=now
CNTRPT–at
REM
kʷi REM
u=dəxʷ= u ʷ=s
dxʷ– ad=axʷ
IRR=ADNM=go=3PO
ti ə
u=s=paq’a–t–sut=s IRR=NM=distributed–ICS–REFL=3PO
PROX
CNTRPT–where=now
aci talbixʷ people
‘They look for where they could go, where the people could settle.’ 291
u i ibitəb ti ə sbiaw u– i i–bi–t–b PFV–embarassed–MAP–ICS–PASS
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘They have been shamed by Coyote.’ 292
ibəšəxʷ tsi ə bəda s ibəš=axʷ travel=now
tsi ə
bəda –s
PROX:FEM
offspring–3PO
‘His daughter travels.’ 293
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘She goes.’
aci talbixʷ
Martha Williams Lamont
447
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives as told by Martha Lamont1 1
i ista b i– ista –b ATTN–be.like–MD
‘They are like this.’ 2
gʷəl əs a lil ti i sbiaw i ti i bəda s gʷəl SCONJ
as– a lil
ti i
sbiaw
i
STAT–live
DIST
coyote
CONJ
ti i
bəda –s
DIST
offspring–3PO
‘And Coyote and his son live there.’ 3
əbs əgʷas ti ə bəda as–bəs– əgʷas STAT–PROP–wife
ə ti ə sbiaw ə tə səsa li
ti ə
bəda
PROX
offspring PR
ə
ti ə
sbiaw
ə
PROX
coyote
PR
tə
səsa li
NSPEC
two:HMN
‘The Son of Coyote has two wives.’ 4
həbu tsi i
əgʷas ə ti ə bəda
həbu
tsi i
əgʷas
pigeon
DIST:FEM
wife
ə ti ə sbiaw i tsi acəc stab s a hus
ə PR
tsi acəc
stab
s a hus
UNQ:FEM
what
sawbill
ti ə
bəda
ə
PROX
offspring PR
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
i CONJ
‘Pigeon is the wife of Coyote’s Son and (so) is, what is it?, Sawbill.’ 5
s a hus tsi ə
əgʷas dii ’u
s a hus
tsi ə
sawbill
PROX:FEM
əgʷas dii ’u wife
one:HMN
‘One wife is Sawbill.’ 6
ha
light ʷiqʷəq’ʷ tsi ə cədi s a hus
ha
light
ʷi–qʷəq’ʷ
good
light
colour–white
tsi ə
cədi
s a hus
PROX:FEM
s/he
sawbill
‘Sawbill is attractive and fair.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 5 September 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Levi Lamont; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume III (Hess 2006).
448
7
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
ha
s adəy
ha
s adəy
good
woman
‘She is an attractive woman.’ 8
gʷəl tsi ə həbu gʷəl put ə ti əsƛ’u il s adəy gʷəl
tsi ə
həbu
gʷəl
put
ə ‿ti
SCONJ
PROX:FEM
pigeon
SCONJ
really
as–ƛ’u il
seemingly
s adəy
STAT–homely
woman
‘But as for Pigeon, it seems she is really a homely woman.’ 9
ti xʷi ləha a ə ‿ti seemingly
šu s adəy tsi i həbu
xʷi
lə=ha –ha
šu
s adəy
tsi i
həbu
NEG
NEGP=DSTR–good
see
woman
DIST:FEM
pigeon
‘It seems that Pigeon is not a good-looking woman.’ 10 tu ʷ (h)uy di
əgʷas ə ti ə bəda s s a a
tu ʷ huy
di
just
FOC
SCONJ
əgʷas wife
ə PR
ə ti ə sbiaw
ti ə
bəda –s
s a a
ə
PROX
offspring–3PO in.law
PR
ti ə PROX
sbiaw coyote ‘Nevertheless, she is a wife of his son, a (daughter-)in-law of Coyote.’ 11
əs a lil əlgʷə as– a lil
al ti i
əlgʷə
STAT–live
PL
al at
əsq’ʷu
ə ti ə bəda s
ti i DIST
as–q’ʷu
ə
STAT–gathered
PR
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘They live together with his son.’ 12 gʷəl əshiq’ʷabitəb ə ti ə sbiaw tsi ə gʷəl
as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t–b
SCONJ
əgʷas s a hus ə
STAT–covet–MAP–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
sbiaw
tsi ə
PROX
coyote
PROX:FEM
əgʷas wife
s a hus sawbill ‘And Coyote is infatuated with this wife, Sawbill.’ 13 gʷəl di p’a xʷəxʷəbtub ə ti ə bəda
ə ti ə
gʷəl
di
p’a xʷəxʷəb–txʷ–b
SCONJ
FOC
be.less.desired:RDP–ECS–PASS
sbiaw
tsi ə
s a hus
coyote
PROX:FEM
sawbill
sbiaw tsi ə s a hus ə PR
ti ə
bəda
PROX
offspring
‘But Sawbill is not the favourite of the Son of Coyote.’
ə ti ə PR
PROX
Martha Williams Lamont
14 gʷəl tsi ə həbu gʷəl di
449
əgʷas
gʷəl
tsi ə
həbu
gʷəl
di
SCONJ
PROX:FEM
pigeon
SCONJ
FOC
əgʷas–s wife–3PO
‘Pigeon, she is his (true) wife.’ 15 di s aƛ’s əgʷas di
s= aƛ’=s
əgʷas
FOC
NM=desire=3PO
wife
‘She is the wife he likes.’ 16 gʷəl di əxʷ əshiq’ʷabitəb ə ti ə sbiaw luƛ’ sbiaw tsi ə s a a s s a hus gʷəl
di =axʷ
SCONJ
FOC=now
ə
as–hiq’ʷab–bi–t–b STAT–covet–MAP–ICS–PASS
sbiaw
tsi ə
s a a –s
s a hus
coyote
PROX:FEM
in.law–3PO
sawbill
PR
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote old
luƛ’
‘But his (daughter-)in-law, Sawbill, is desired by Coyote, Old Coyote.’ 17 tu ʷ huy əs al kʷi gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs tul’ al ti ə bəda s tu ʷ just
huy
as– al
SCONJ
STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
tul’– al
ti ə
REM
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO
CNTRFG–at
PROX
bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘But how can he manage to get her from his son?’ 18 tiləbəxʷ u ibəš tiləb=axʷ
u– ibəš
immediately=now
PFV–travel
‘Unexpectedly, he goes walking.’ 19 huyudəxʷ
kʷi
gʷədəxʷgʷə ’ədsəxʷ
kʷi
gʷədəxʷkʷədxʷs
tsi ə
s a a s
əsp’a xʷəbiltub huyu–t=axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=gʷə ’a–t=s=axʷ
kʷi
made–ICS=now
REM
SBJ=ADNM=search–ICS=3PO=now
REM
gʷə=dəxʷ=kʷəda–dxʷ=s
tsi ə
s a a –s
SBJ=ADNM=taken–DC=3PO
PROX:FEM
in.law–3PO
as–p’a xʷəb–il–txʷ–b STAT–be.less.desired–INCH–ECS–PASS
‘He does it to find a way to get his (daughter-)in-law, who has fallen from favour.’
450
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
20 huy cutəbəxʷ ə kʷədi di i . . . huy
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
kʷədi
di i
REM.DMA
yonder
‘Then way off there he is told.’ 21 ƛ’uyəcəbtxʷ ... ƛ’u= u–yəc–b–txʷ HAB=PFV–report–MD–ECS
‘They always inform him.’ 22 ƛ’u u ʷ ƛ’u– u ʷ HAB–go
‘He always goes.’ 23 gʷəl ƛ’ugʷigʷədil ə kʷədi dəxʷ as gʷəl
ƛ’u=gʷi–gʷəd–il
SCONJ
HAB=ATTN–down–INCH
ə PR
kʷədi
dəxʷ= a=s
REM.DMA
ADNM=be.there=3PO
‘And he always squats (i.e., defecates) off where he is.’ 24 gʷəl ƛ’uhuy gʷəl
ƛ’u=huyu
SCONJ
HAB=made
‘And he always does it.’ 25 gʷəl ƛ’uwiliq’ʷid ti ə ƛ’usgʷigʷədils gʷəl
ƛ’u=wiliq’ʷi–t
ti ə
ƛ’u=s=gʷi–gʷəd–il=s
SCONJ
HAB=ask–ICS
PROX
HAB=NM=ATTN–down–INCH=3PO
‘And he always asks (his feces) whenever he squats.’ 26
əs ə id u dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa kʷi gʷədshuy al ti as– ə id
u
STAT–what.happen
INTJ
gʷə=d=s=huyu SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=made
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa
kʷi
1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
REM
al at
ti SPEC
‘ “What, oh my little brothers, can I do about this?” ’ 27 gʷəcutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ dxʷqahigʷəd əxʷ gʷə=cut=axʷ SBJ=say=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
sixʷ
dxʷ–qa•igʷəd
PTCL
CTD–many•inside.body
‘ “You will just say as usual that you are clever.’
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
Martha Williams Lamont
451
28 ha kʷ gʷə ʷul’ əxʷ u u ʷ xʷa tab ha kʷ
gʷə= ʷul’
long.time
SBJ=only
əxʷ
u– u ʷ
2SG.SUB
PFV–go
xʷa
taba
2SG.COORD
do
‘ “In a while, you should just go and do it.’ 29
ʷul’ əxʷ uhuyid ə kʷi gʷədəxʷdᶻaƛ’əbs ʷul’ only
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u–huyu–yi–t
ə
PFV–made–DAT–ICS
PR
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=dᶻaƛ’əb=s
REM
SBJ=ADNM=confused=3PO
‘ “You just make it for him so that he becomes confused.’ 30 gʷəl gʷə ʷil’ gʷəl
gʷə= ʷil’
SCONJ
SBJ=lost
‘ “And he will get lost.’ 31 hay u atəbəd lil ad ti i adbəda hay
u= atəbəd
SCONJ
lil
IRR=die
ad
far
where
ti i
ad–bəda
DIST
2SG.PO–offspring
‘ “So then your son will die far off somewhere.’ 32
əbil’ u ʷil’ ad əbil’
u= ʷil’
perhaps
ad
IRR=lost
where
‘ “Perhaps he will get lost somewhere.’ 33
ʷul’ əxʷ uhuyud əs ista stab kʷ(i) adsdᶻaƛ’ad ʷul’ only
əxʷ
u–huyu–t
2SG.SUB PFV–made–ICS ad=s=dᶻaƛ’a–t
as– ista STAT–be.like
stab
kʷi
what
REM
2SG.PO=NM=confused–ICS ‘ “You just make it like that so you confuse him.’ 34 gʷəl ʷil’ gʷəl SCONJ
ʷil’ lost
‘ “And he’ll get lost.’ 35 hay xʷa ukʷədxʷ ti i hay SCONJ
xʷa 2SG.COORD
aagʷəs u=kʷəda–dxʷ
ti i
IRR=taken–DC
DIST
‘ “And so you can take his wives.” ’
aagʷəs–s wife:PL–3PO
452
36
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
u ƛ’əld i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa u INTJ
ƛ’əl–t
i
silent–ICS
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa
2PL.IMP
1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
‘ “Oh, be silent, my younger brothers!’ 37
uhuy əd əs ista u=huyu
as– ista
əd
IRR=made
1SG.SUB
STAT–be.like
‘ “I’ll do it like that.” ’ 38 t’uk’ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw t’uk’ʷ=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
go.home=now
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote goes home.’ 39 gʷəl (h)uy huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista gʷəl
huy
huy
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL=now
‘And then, then, he prepares himself like that.’ 40 xʷi ləha kʷ xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
NEG
NEGP=long.time
‘It is not long.’ 41 gʷəl u ʷ ibəš gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ go
ibəš travel
‘And he goes, he walks.’ 42 gʷəl bələbəlkʷ gʷəl
bə=lə=bəlkʷ
SCONJ
ADD=PROG=return
‘And he is coming back again.’ 43 gʷəl cuucəxʷ ti ə bəda s gʷəl
cut–c=axʷ
ti ə
bəda –s
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘And he tells his son.’
as– ista STAT–be.like
Martha Williams Lamont
44
453
al al al ti ə bəda s dxʷsxʷi xʷi igʷs dxʷsxʷi xʷi al at
al al house
ə kʷədi stab s ubədi
ti ə
bəda –s
dxʷs–xʷi xʷi •igʷs
dxʷs–xʷi xʷi
PROX
offspring–3PO
PROC–hunt•things
PROC–hunt
kʷədi
stab
s ubədi
REM.DMA
what
hunter
‘His son, a forager of (many) things, a forager of the game-hunter type.’ 45 huy cuucəxʷ huy
cut–c=axʷ
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
‘Then (Coyote) tells him,’ 46 di t(i) adsxʷi xʷi dbəda ti al ti i ləkʷata
al tə a
di
ti
ad=sxʷi xʷi
d–bəda
ti
FOC
SPEC
2SG.PO=game
1SG.PO–offspring
SPEC
lə=kʷata
al
PROG=climb
at
tə NSPEC
al ti i at
DIST
a be.there
‘ “That is your game, my son, over there climbing where it is.’ 47
al tə a ləluluƛ’ qʷ ay
pay’ac
al
lə=lu–luƛ’
qʷ ay
PROG=ATTN–old
log
at
tə
a
NSPEC
be.there
pay’•ac cedar•tree
‘ “There it is on an ageing tree, a cedar tree.’ 48 ləkʷata dxʷ a ti i sƛ’iƛ’iq’š əd lə=kʷata
dxʷ– a
ti i
s–ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd
PROG=climb
CNTRPT–be.there
DIST
NP–sapsucker
‘ “Sapsucker is climbing there.’ 49 di gʷə stabəs di
gʷə=stab=as
FOC
SBJ=what=3SBRD
‘ “That is what it might be.’ 50 ƛ’uha
cicək’ʷilu
ƛ’u=ha
cicək’ʷilu
IRR=good
sapsucker
‘ “It could be a nice sapsucker.’
ə PR
454
51
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
ə ti di ƛ’adsut’uc’il ə ti i adsq’ ic ə ‿ti
di
seemingly
ƛ’u=ad=s= u–t’uc’il
FOC IRR=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–shot.with.bow
ə
ti i
ad–sq’ ic
PR
DIST
2SG.PO–bow
‘ “It seems to be that which you shoot with your bow.” ’ 52
u day’ əd u u ʷc u
day’
əd
uniquely
INTJ
u= u ʷ–c
1SG.SUB
IRR=go–ALTV
‘ “Oh, I definitely will go after it.’ 53 ƛ’əld ƛ’əl–t silent–ICS ‘ “Keep still.” ’ 54
u u ʷəxʷ u– u ʷ=axʷ PFV–go=now
‘He goes.’ 55 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəds ista xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=d=s= ista
NEG=now
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=be.like
‘ “I am out of that kind.” ’2 56 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə bəda s huy
u ʷ=axʷ ti ə
SCONJ
go=now
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘Then his son goes.’ 57
al tə a dbəda ti i sukʷata al tə at
NSPEC
a be.there
tsi SPEC:FEM
al at
ə tsi al tsi i
d–bəda
ti i
s= u–kʷata
1SG.PO–offspring
DIST
NM=PFV–climb
ə PR
tsi i DIST:FEM
‘ “Over there, my son, she is climbing over there.” ’
__________ 2
According to Hess (2006, 24), this may be a reference to the feather of this bird, used to fletch the Son of Coyote’s arrows.
Martha Williams Lamont
455
58 stab tsi ƛ’usda atəbs ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd ustab stab
tsi
ƛ’u=s=da a–t–b=s
ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd
u–stab
what
SPEC:FEM
IRR=NM=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
sapsucker
PFV–what
‘What did she used to be called? Sapsucker, or what?’ 59 ƛ’ulədᶻəlalap ƛ’u=lə=dᶻəl•alap HAB=PROG=turn•cylinder
‘She would go around the trunk.’ 60 ƛ’ulə u ʷ tsi tit ul’bixʷ ƛ’u=lə= u ʷ
tsi
tit ul’bixʷ
HAB=PROG=go
SPEC:FEM
small.animal
‘This little creature would go.’ 61
ə ti a ti i ƛ’u i əc ƛ’usəstabs al ti i ə ‿ti
a
seemingly al
be.there ti i
at
’əptəla ads
ti i
ƛ’u= i– əc
ƛ’u=s=lə=stab=s
DIST
HAB=colour–red
HAB=NM=PROG=what=3PO
’əptəla ad–s wing–3PO
DIST
‘It was sort of red or something there on her wings.’ 62 gʷəl di xʷu ələ ƛ’ušə s ə ti ti i gʷə q’ ic gʷədəxʷut’uc’il dəxʷuxʷi xʷi
ə
ti ə bəda s gʷəl SCONJ
di
xʷu ələ
ƛ’u=s=šə =s
ə ‿ti
FOC
maybe
HAB=NM=make=3PO
seemingly
gʷə=dəxʷ= u–t’uc’il
dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi
ə
SBJ=ADNM=PFV–shot.with.bow
ADNM=PFV–hunt
PR
ti i
gʷə
q’ ic
DIST
ASSC
bow
ti ə PROX
bəda –s offspring–3PO ‘And (those red feathers), I guess, are what his son apparently uses to make (fletching) for the bow he would shoot with, for his hunting.’ 63
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘He goes.’
456
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
64 gʷa səshuydxʷyids gʷa
s= as–huyu–dxʷ–yi–t=s
INTJ
NM=STAT–made–DC–DAT–ICS=3PO
‘But it has been prepared for him.’ 65 tu ʷ uhuyud əs ista tu ʷ
as– ista
u–huyu–t
just
PFV–made–ICS
STAT–be.like
‘In contrast to what he expects, (Coyote) had made it this way.’ 66
əshuyudəxʷ as–huyu–t=axʷ STAT–made–ICS=now
‘It is a set up.’ 67
əxʷdikʷdxʷ tsi ə ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd as–dxʷ–dikʷ–dxʷ STAT–CTD–advise–DC
tsi ə
ƛ’iƛ’iq’šəd
PROX:FEM
sapsucker
‘(Coyote) has instructed Sapsucker,’ 68
əbil’ uləkʷata ti i dbəda əbil’ perhaps
u=lə=kʷata IRR=PROG=climb
xʷ a
ʷul’ lə u ʷ ləkʷata
ti i
d–bəda
DIST
1SG.PO–offspring 2SG.COORD only
lə= u ʷ
lə=kʷata
PROG=go
PROG=climb
xʷa
ʷul’
‘ “When my son is climbing, you just go, climb.’ 69
’i ’təxʷ əxʷ ’i– ’t=axʷ
əxʷ
ATTN–near=now
2SG.SUB
‘ “You (keep) near him.’ 70 gʷəl ubəxʷi kʷi s kʷədubicids xʷa bə u ʷ xʷa u ʷtxʷ xʷa u ʷtxʷ gʷəl
u=bə=xʷi
SCONJ
IRR=ADD=NEG
bə= u ʷ ADD=go
kʷi
s=kʷəda–dxʷ–bicid=s
REM
NM=taken–DC–2SG.OBJ=3PO
xʷa 2SG.COORD
u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS
xʷa 2SG.COORD
xʷa 2SG.COORD
u ʷ–txʷ go–ECS
‘ “And he will not get you and you go again and you lead him on, you lead him on.’
Martha Williams Lamont
457
71 gʷəl u alil tudi šəq ’i ’əya al gʷəl
u= al–il
SCONJ
IRR=at–INCH
tudi
šq
DIST.DMA
high
’i ’əya al treetop
‘ “And he will reach yonder high treetop.’ 72 hay gʷəl uqʷšabəxʷ hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=qʷšab=axʷ IRR=foggy=now
‘ “And then it will get foggy.’ 73 gʷəl u ʷil’ ti i dbəda gʷəl SCONJ
u= ʷil’
ti i
d–bəda
IRR=lost
DIST
1SG.PO–offspring
‘ “And my son will get lost.’ 74
əscut ti i d ə bid as–cut
ti i
d– ə bid
STAT–say
DIST
1SG.PO–intentions
‘ “These are my intentions.” ’ 75 huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista tsi ə tit ul’bixʷ huy
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
as– ista
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL=now
STAT–be.like
tsi ə
tit ul’bixʷ
PROX:FEM
small.animal
‘So this little creature makes herself like that.’ 76 cuucəxʷ cut–c=axʷ say–ALTV=now ‘(Coyote) says to him,’ 77 tə a tə sukʷata tə
a
NSPEC
be.there
ə tsi i adsxʷi xʷi dbəda tə
s= u–kʷata
NSPEC
NM=PFV–climb
d–bəda 1SG.PO–offspring ‘ “There your game is climbing, my son.’ 78 tə a tə NSPEC
a be.there
‘ “There.’
ə PR
tsi i
ad=s–xʷi xʷi
DIST:FEM
2SG.PO=game
458
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
79 šxʷu uc əxʷ tə a ə ti3 šu –c
əxʷ
see–ALTV
tə
2SG.SUB
a
ə
be.there
NSPEC
ti
PR
SPEC
‘ “You can see it just there.’ 80
əsxʷəctxʷ əxʷ ti i adbita s ti i adsəs əqšad ti i adƛ’əwc’la ad ti i adstab əxʷ
as–xʷəc–txʷ STAT–removed–ECS
ti i
2SG.SUB
DIST
ad–bita s
ti i
2SG.PO–breechcloth
DIST
ad=s= as– əq•šad
ti i
ad–ƛ’əwc’la ad
ti i
ad–stab
2SG.PO=NM=STAT–wrapped•leg
DIST
2SG.PO–armbands
DIST
what
‘ “Take off your breechcloth, your leg wraps, your leg wrappings, your armbands, your things.’ 81 xʷəcəd əxʷ al tə a xʷəc–t
əxʷ
removed–ICS
al
2SG.SUB at
tə
a
NSPEC
be.there
‘ “Take them off over there.’ 82 gʷəl əsqʷat txʷ ti i adsƛ’alabac gʷəl
as–qʷata–txʷ
SCONJ
STAT–laid.out
–ECS
ti i
ad=s=ƛ’al•abac
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body
‘ “And have your clothes laid out.’ 83
ʷul’əxʷ əxʷ əsxʷə sƛ’alabac kʷ(i) ads u ʷ ti i ƛ’usǰu adadəxʷ kʷədi di i ti i ƛ’adsəs id idšəd ʷul’=axʷ
əxʷ
only=now 2SG.SUB
as–xʷə STAT–lack
s=ƛ’al•abac
kʷi
ad=s= u ʷ
ti i
NM=put.on•body
REM
2SG.PO=NM=go
DIST
ƛ’u=sǰu adad=axʷ
kʷədi
di i
ti i
HAB=regalia=now
REM.DMA
yonder
DIST
ƛ’u=ad=s= as– id– idi•šəd HAB=2SG.PO=NM=STAT–DSTR–tied•leg
‘ “Just go without clothes, the regalia there which you have tied to your legs.” ’ 84 ƛ’usəsǰu adads ƛ’u=s= as–ǰu adad=s HAB=NM=STAT–wear.regalia=3PO
‘It’s that he would wear regalia.’
__________ 3
šxʷuʔuc is Coyote’s pronunciation of šuuc ‘see something, look at something’.
Martha Williams Lamont
459
85 huy huyucutəxʷ əs ista ti ə bəda s huy
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL=now
as– ista STAT–be.like
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘Then his son prepared himself like that.’ 86 gʷəl kʷata
i
gʷəl
kʷata
i
SCONJ
climb
INTJ
‘And he climbs eagerly.’ 87 di di əxʷ šəq di –di =axʷ
šq
DSTR–other.side=now
high
‘He is way up high now.’ 88
a a be.there ‘(Coyote) is there.’
89
əskiis as–kiis STAT–stand
‘He is standing (there).’ 90
əšuuc as–šu –c STAT–see–ALTV
‘He is looking at him.’ 91 tadi əxʷ bətadi əxʷ tə bəsu u ʷs dbəda tadi =axʷ
bə=tadi =axʷ
tə
bə=s= u– u ʷ=s
DIST.DMA=now
ADD=DIST.DMA=now
NSPEC
ADD=NM=PFV–go=3PO
d–bəda 1SG.PO–offspring ‘ “Further over there, over there it goes again, my son.” ’ 92
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘(Sapsucker) goes.’
460
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
93 gʷəl bədᶻəlalap gʷəl bə=dᶻəl•alap SCONJ
ADD=turn•trunk
‘And she goes around to the other side of the trunk again.’ 94 hay bə ’i ’təxʷ hay
bə= ’i– ’t=axʷ
SCONJ
ADD=ATTN–near=now
‘Then (Coyote’s Son) got a little closer.’ 95 gʷəl tu ʷ huy lə u ʷ gʷəl
tu ʷ
huy
lə= u ʷ
SCONJ
just
SCONJ
PROG=go
‘But she goes on.’ 96 ƛ’u i əlal’əxʷ ƛ’u= i– əlal’=axʷ HAB=ATTN–come.up.short=now
‘She would almost be caught.’ 97 gʷəl ubə u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go
‘But she would go again.’ 98 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘And go.’ 99 gʷəl u ʷtub ti ə bəda s ə tudi gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b go–ECS–PASS
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘So his son is taken away (up) there.’ 100 tadi əxʷ ti bəsu u ʷs tadi =axʷ
ti
bə=s= u– u ʷ=s
DIST.DMA=now
SPEC
ADD=NM=PFV–go=3PO
‘She is way off there now.’
ə PR
tudi DIST.DMA
Martha Williams Lamont
461
101 huy šu əxʷ ti ə bəda s huy
šu =axʷ
ti ə
bəda –s
SCONJ
see=now
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘Then his son sees.’ 102
u u ə id əw’ə sixʷ ti i adəxʷuc’ic’əyikʷalusbid tsi i tsi ə dsuxʷi xʷi u– ə id
u
PFV–what.happen
INTJ
əw’ə sixʷ
ti i
PTCL
DIST
PTCL
ad=dəxʷ= u–c’ic’əyikʷ•alus–bi–t
tsi i
tsi ə
2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–wink•eye–MAP–ICS
DIST:FEM
PROX:FEM
d=s= u–xʷi xʷi 1SG.PO=NM=PFV–hunt ‘ “Oh! Why are you winking at my prey?’ 103
a əw’ə sixʷ ti i adsuhuy ti ƛ’ubə s tiləbsəxʷ ƛ’ubəšəq a be.there
əw’ə
sixʷ
ti i
ad=s= u–huyu
ti
PTCL
PTCL
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made
SPEC
ƛ’u=bə=s=tiləb=s=axʷ
ƛ’u=bə=šq
HAB=ADD=NM=immediately=3PO=now
HAB=ADD=high
‘ “There is something you do to make it suddenly go high(er) again.” ’ 104 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘ “No,’ 105 tu ʷ əd ƛ’udxʷqʷibalusəb dbəda tu ʷ just
əd 1SG.SUB
ƛ’u=dxʷ–qʷib•alus–ab
d–bəda
HAB=CTD–prepared•eye–DSD
1SG.PO–offspring
‘ “I just want to fix my eye, my son.’ 106 tu ʷ əd ƛ’uqʷibid ti dqəlu b tu ʷ just
əd 1SG.SUB
ƛ’u=qʷibi–t
ti
d–qəlu b
HAB=prepared–ICS
SPEC
1SG.PO–eye
‘ “I am just fixing my eye.” ’ 107 huy bə u ʷ huy
bə= u ʷ
SCONJ
ADD=go
‘Then (Coyote’s Son) goes again.’
462
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
108 bəkʷata bə=kʷata ADD=climb
‘He climbs some more.’ 109 gʷa( ) səsyayuss gʷa
s= as–yayus=s
INTJ
NM=STAT–work=3PO
‘It is his work.’ 110 gʷa( ) səshuyalcs gʷa
s= as–huyu–alc=s
INTJ
NM=STAT–made–PRDCT=3PO
‘It is what he does.’ 111
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘He goes.’
112 gʷəl u ʷ gʷəl
u ʷ
SCONJ
go
‘And he goes.’ 113 gʷəl kʷata tub ə tudi šəq ə ti ə cədi gʷəl
kʷata –txʷ–b
SCONJ
climb–ECS–PASS as–lu –luƛ’
ə PR
əslu luƛ’ qʷ ay
tudi
šq
DIST.DMA
high PR
ə
qʷ ay
STAT–ATTN–old
log
‘And he is taken way up this old cedar tree.’ 114 huy gʷəl aliləxʷ tudi šəq huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now
tudi
šq
DIST.DMA
high
‘And then he is way up there.’ 115 huy dᶻak’ʷu qʷšabədəxʷ huy dᶻak’ʷu qʷšab–t=axʷ SCONJ
at.long.last
foggy–ICS=now
‘Only then at last Coyote fogs things up.’
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
Martha Williams Lamont
463
116 kʷədadəxʷ ti i s tabs kʷəda–t=axʷ
ti i
stab–s
taken–ICS=now
DIST
what–3PO
‘He takes his thing.’ 117 gʷəl (h)uy xʷalusədəxʷ gʷəl
huy
xʷalus–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
wave–ICS=now
‘And he waves it.’ 118 gʷəl (h)uy qʷšaˑbəxʷ gʷəl
huy
qʷšab=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
foggy=now
‘And so it becomes really foggy.’ 119 gʷəl xʷi əxʷ kʷi stabəxʷ gʷəšudub ə kʷi gʷə ad gʷəl
xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
stab=axʷ
gʷə=s=šu –dxʷ–b
SCONJ
NEG=now
REM
what=now
SBJ=NM=see–DC–PASS
ə PR
kʷi REM
gʷə= ad SBJ=where
‘And nothing can be seen anywhere.’ 120
ʷil’əxʷ ti i bəda s al kʷədi šəq ʷil’=axʷ
ti i
bəda –s
al
lost=now
DIST
offspring–3PO
at
kʷədi
šq
REM.DMA
high
‘His son gets lost way up high.’ 121 huy xʷu ələ
ə idəxʷ
huy
xʷu ələ
SCONJ
maybe
ə id=axʷ what.happen=now
‘Then maybe what happened,’ 122 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ ə kʷi stab dxʷ adəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
go–ECS–PASS=now PR
kʷi
stab
dxʷ– ad=axʷ
REM
what
CNTRPT–where=now
‘Well, something takes him somewhere.’ 123 dabəxʷ dxʷ q’abacəxʷ dab=axʷ
dxʷ– q’•abac=axʷ
instead=now
CTD–be.across•body=now
‘So that now he is on the other side.’
464
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
124 dabəxʷ dxʷšəq kʷi tus u ʷs ti i bəda s dab=axʷ
dxʷ–šq
kʷi
tu=s= u ʷ=s
ti i
bəda –s
instead=now
CNTRPT–high
REM
PAST=NM=go=3PO
DIST
offspring–3PO
‘So instead when his son went up high,’ 125 tiˑləbəxʷ lət’agʷt al kʷədi dii ’u swatixʷtəd al kʷədi dəxʷ as šəq tiləb=axʷ
lə=t’agʷt
immediately=now
PROG=on.top
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
kʷədi
dəxʷ= a=s
šq
REM.DMA
ADNM=be.there=3PO
high
dii ’u
swatixʷtəd
one:HMN
land
‘All at once he is going along on top of another world there where he is high.’ 126 huy šudxʷəxʷ ləli huy
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ləli
SCONJ
see–DC=now
different
‘Then he sees that is it different.’ 127 gʷa ʷa ʷ gʷa ʷ–a ʷ DIM.EFF–walk
‘He strolls about.’ 128 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘ “No.’ 129 ləli əxʷ ti ə cəxʷu ibəš ləli =axʷ
ti ə
d=dəxʷ= u– ibəš
different=now
PROX
1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–travel
‘ “Now it is different where I am walking.” ’ 130 huy ibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘Then he travels.’ 131 p’aƛ’acutəxʷ p’aƛ’acut=axʷ grope.along=now ‘He is disoriented.’
al at
Martha Williams Lamont
132
465
ibəšəxʷ al ti i sut’adᶻaq s swatixʷtəd u stab kʷədi dəxʷt’agʷts ibəš=axʷ al ti i s= u–t’adᶻaq=s swatixʷtəd u travel=now
at
NM=PFV–be.parallel=3PO
DIST
kʷədi
dəxʷ=t’agʷt=s
REM.DMA
ADNM=on.top=3PO
land
INTJ
stab what
‘He travels now in that parallel world or whatever there, where he was on top.’ 133
iˑbəšəxʷ i ibəš=axʷ
i
travel=now
INTJ
‘He travels on and on .’ 134 gʷəl əy’dxʷ tsi ə luƛ’ gʷəl
əy’–dxʷ find–DC
SCONJ
tsi ə
luƛ’
PROX:FEM
old
‘And he finds an old woman.’ 135 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl
lə=cut–c
SCONJ
PROG=say–ALTV
‘And then he speaks to her.’ 136 cutəb ə tsi ə luƛ’ ə
cut–t–b
say–ICS–PASS PR
tsi ə
luƛ’
PROX:FEM
old
‘He is spoken to by this old woman,’ 137
uˑ d ibac u u INTJ
d– ibac
u
1SG.PO–grandson
INTJ
‘ “Oh, my Grandson, oh.’ 138 tul’ adəxʷ kʷ(i) adsu ibəš d ibac tul’– ad=axʷ
kʷi
ad=s= u– ibəš
d– ibac
CNTRFG–where=now
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–travel
1SG.PO–grandson
‘ “From where are you travelling, my Grandson?” ’ 139
u kia u INTJ
u ʷil’ əd kia grandmother
u– ʷil’ PFV–lost
‘ “Oh, Grandmother, I got lost.’
əd 1SG.SUB
466
140
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
u ibəštub əd ə ti dbad sbiaw u– ibəš–txʷ–b
əd
PFV–travel–ECS–PASS
1SG.SUB
ə PR
ti
d–bad
sbiaw
SPEC
1SG.PO–father
coyote
‘ “My father, Coyote, took me.’ 141 gʷəl huyic ə tə cəxʷ ʷil’ gʷəl
huyu–yi–t–s
SCONJ
made–DAT–ICS–1SG.OBJ
ə PR
tə
d=dəxʷ= ʷil’
NSPEC
1SG.PO=ADNM=lost
‘ “And he made me get lost.’ 142 cədi ti i
uhuyuc
cədi
ti i
s/he
DIST
u–huyu–t–s PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “He is the one who did it to me.’ 143
əs ista ti ə cəxʷu ibəš as– ista STAT–be.like
ti ə
d=dəxʷ= u– ibəš
PROX
1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–travel
‘ “Thus it is that I am travelling.’ 144 tu ʷ əd ləwiliq’ʷ tu ʷ
əd
just
lə=wiliq’ʷ
1SG.SUB
PROG=ask
‘ “Therefore, I am going along asking,’ 145 stab kʷi gʷəcəxʷtə ə dxʷgʷəd dxʷ al ti tucəxʷtul’ a stab
kʷi
gʷə=d=dəxʷ=tə ə
dxʷ–gʷəd
dxʷ– al
what
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=arrive.safely
CNTRPT–down
CNTRPT–at
ti
tu=d=dəxʷ=tul’– a
SPEC
PAST=1SG.PO=ADNM=CNTRFG–be.there
‘ “What way can I get down safely to where I am from?” ’ 146
u d ibac acəc ti i … u INT
d– ibac
acəc
1SG.PO–grandson
be.in.place
‘ “Oh, my Grandson, there is the one ...’ 147
acəc ti i ... acəc be.in.place
ti i DIST
‘ “There is the one ...” ’
ti i DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
467
148 stab ti i ƛ’uda atəbs ti al ti i ƛ’utu ʷalikʷ stab
ti i
ƛ’u=da a–t–b=s
ti
what
DIST
HAB=named–ICS–PASS=3PO
SPEC
al ti i AT
DIST
ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–alikʷ HAB=PFV–stretch–ACT
‘What is he called, the one who stretches it?’ 149 tupəl’ tupəl’ spider Levi Lamont: ‘Spider.’ 150 tupəl’ al ti i , i tupəl’ tupəl’ spider
al at
ti i
i
tupəl’
DIST
yes
spider
Martha Lamont: ‘ “Spider, that’s it, yes, Spider.’ 151 luƛ’ tupəl’ luƛ’
tupəl’
old
spider
‘Old Spider.’ 152 luƛ’ aci talbixʷ luƛ’
aci talbixʷ
old
people
‘He is an old person.’ 153 tupəl’ ad s capa tupəl’
ad–scapa
spider
2SG.PO–grandfather
‘ “He is Spider, your grandfather.’ 154 gʷə is əxʷ al ti ə xʷi ləlil xʷa cuuc gʷə= il–s SBJ=arrive–ALTV
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
al at
ti ə
xʷi
lə=lil
PROX
NEG
NEGP=far
cut–c say–ALTV ‘ “You can reach him not far away and speak to him.’
xʷa 2SG.COORD
468
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
155 xʷi u xʷ kʷi gʷəs abaqcids dxʷgʷəd xʷi
u xʷ kʷi
gʷə=s= abaq–t–sid=s
dxʷ–gʷəd
NEG
PTCL
SBJ=NM=give.back–ICS–2SG.OBJ=3PO
CNTRPT–down
REM
‘ “He still has not returned you (to the world) below.’ 156 di ƛ’utu ʷalikʷ dxʷgʷəd di
ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–alikʷ
dxʷ–gʷəd
FOC
HAB=PFV–stretch–ACT
CNTRPT–down
‘ “He is the one who stretches things downward.’ 157 gʷəl uxʷt’agʷil ti i tupəl’ gʷəl SCONJ
u= u–xʷt’a–agʷil IRR=PFV–descend–AUTO
ti i
tupəl’
DIST
spider
‘ “And Spider can climb down.” ’ 158 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then he goes.’ 159
u kia u INTJ
u u ʷ əd kia
u= u ʷ
grandmother
IRR=go
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “Oh, Grandmother, I will go.” ’ 160
is ti ə luƛ’ il–s arrive–ALTV
ti ə
luƛ’
PROX
old
‘He arrives at the old man.’ 161 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl
lə=cut–c
SCONJ
PROG=say–ALTV
‘And he says to him,’ 162 lə il əd capa dxʷ al dəgʷi lə= il PROG=arrive
əd 1SG.SUB
capa
dxʷ– al
dəgʷi
grandfather
CNTRPT–at
you
‘ “I am coming to you, Grandfather.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
163
469
u d ibac u
d– ibac 1SG.PO–grandson
INTJ
‘ “Oh, my Grandson.” ’ 164 tudᶻaƛ’atəb əd ə ti tudbad sbiaw əd tu=dᶻaƛ’a–t–b PAST=confused–ICS–PASS
ə
1SG.SUB
PR
ti
tu=d–bad
sbiaw
SPEC
PAST=1SG.PO–father
coyote
‘ “I was deceived by my father, Coyote.’ 165 gʷəl u ʷil’ əd al ti ə šəq dabəxʷ ti ə ds əs bə gʷəl
u– ʷil’
SCONJ
PFV–lost
əd
al
1SG.SUB at
ti ə
šq
dab=axʷ
ti ə
PROX
high
instead=now
PROX
d=s= as–bə 1SG.PO=NM=STAT–fall ‘ “And I got lost high up here instead of my being down below.’ 166 gʷəl kʷi gʷəcəxʷtə ə dxʷgʷəd ti ə cəxʷu isbicid dscapa gʷəl SCONJ
kʷi
gʷə=d=dəxʷ=tə ə
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=arrive.safely
dxʷ–gʷəd
ti ə
CNTRPT–down
PROX
d=dəxʷ= u– il–s–bicid
d–scapa
1SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–arrive–ALTV–2SG.OBJ
1SG.PO–grandfather
‘ “And I have come to you so I can get back down safely, my Grandfather.’ 167 xʷi
u kʷi gʷadshuyud kʷi gʷadsxʷit’ilc dxʷgʷəd
xʷi
u
NEG
INT
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s=huyu-d
kʷi
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NOM=made–ICS
REM
gʷə=ad=s=xʷit’–il–t–s
dxʷ–gʷəd
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=descend–INCH–ICS–1SG.OBJ
CNTRPT–down
‘ “Could you not lower me downward?” ’ 168 huy cutəb ə ti ə luƛ’ huy
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
ti ə
luƛ’
PROX
old
‘Then it is spoken by this old man,’ 169
u d ibac u INT
d– ibac 1SG.PO–grandson
‘ “Oh, my Grandson,” ’
470
170
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
əs ə id kʷi gʷadscutəbš dxʷ al kʷi gʷəcəxʷhuyucid əs ista as– ə id STAT–what.happen
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s=cut–t–bš
dxʷ– al
kʷi
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=say–ICS–1SG.OBJ
CNTRPT–at
REM
gʷə=d=dəxʷ=huyu–t–sid
as– ista
SBJ=1SG.PO=ADNM=made–ICS–2SG.OBJ
STAT–be.like
‘ “What are you saying to me so that I should treat you that way?” ’ 171 gʷəq’p’ucid əd gʷə=q’p’u–t–sid
əd
SBJ=pay–ICS–2SG.OBJ
1SG.SUB
‘ “Should I pay you?” ’ 172 xʷi
kʷi gʷadsuq’p’uc d ibac
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s= u–q’p’u–t–s
d– ibac
NEG
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ
1SG.PO–grandson
‘ “You don’t pay me, my Grandson.’ 173 yaw’ əxʷ u uq’p’uc yaw’
əxʷ
only.if
u
2SG.SUB
u–q’p’u–t–s
INT
PFV–pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “(Should I help you) only if you pay me?’ 174 stab kʷ(i) adsuhuyutəb s ušəbabdxʷ ə ti i adbad stab
kʷi
ad=s= u–huyu–t–b
s ušəbabdxʷ
what
REM
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made–ICS–PASS
poor.guy
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ad–bad 2SG.PO–father ‘ “What did your father do to you, poor fellow?’ 175 ƛ’ub əd u abaqcid ƛ’ub well
əd 1SG.SUB
u= abaq–t–sid IRR=return–ICS–2SG.OBJ
‘ “I should return you.’ 176
a ti al tudi ƛ’aslu
əda ƛ’u u ʷ
a
tudi
ƛ’u= as–lu
DIST.DMA
HAB=STAT–holed
be.there
ti SPEC
al at
‘ “There is a hole over there and I go (through it).’
əda 1SG.COORD
ƛ’u= u– u ʷ HAB=PFV–go
Martha Williams Lamont
471
177 xʷi ləha kʷ ti ƛ’udsəsgəq’əd xʷi
lə=ha kʷ
ti
ƛ’u=d=s= as–gəq’–t
NEG
NEGP=long.time
SPEC
HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–open–ICS
‘ “Not for long do I have it open.’ 178 yə i tiləb ƛ’u əƛ’ ti i šəxʷəb dxʷ al əslu yə i
tiləb
ƛ’u= əƛ’
ti i
šəxʷəb dxʷ– al
because
immediately
HAB=come
DIST
wind
CNTRPT–at
as–lu STAT–holed
‘ “Because right away a wind comes through the hole.’ 179 ƛ’u idub ə ti ə
aci talbixʷ
ƛ’u= ii–dxʷ–b
ə
HAB=catch.on–DC–PASS
ti ə
PR
PROX
aci talbixʷ people
‘ “(The hole) would be noticed by the (Sky) People.’ 180 gʷəl əs ista kʷi udəxʷ a s kʷi us u ʷ ə gʷəl SCONJ
as– ista
kʷi
STAT–be.like
u=dəxʷ= a =s
REM
IRR=ADNM=fast=3PO
kʷi REM
u=s= u ʷ IRR=NM=go
‘ “And for this reason it must be fast when we go.’ 181
a ti i dt’əbi əd gʷətə ə dxʷgʷəd a be.there
ti i
d–t’əbi əd
gʷə=tə ə
dxʷ–gʷəd
DIST
1SG.PO–rope
HAB=arrive.safely
CNTRPT–down
‘ “I have a rope for getting down safely.” ’ 182 t’əbi əd t’əbi əd rope ‘It is a rope.’ 183 stab xʷu ələ ti i t’əbi əds stab
xʷu ələ
ti i
t’əbi əd–s
what
maybe
DIST
rope–3PO
‘The thing is, I guess, his rope.’ 184 di i tul’ al cədi di –i
tul’– al
cədi
INTNS–FOC
CNTRFG–at
s/he
‘It is from him.’
ə 1PL.PO
472
185
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
ʷul’ ƛ’utabəd ti i xʷš i aps ʷul’ ƛ’u=taba–t only
HAB=do–ICS
ti i
xʷ–š •i •ap–s
DIST
CTD–make•covering•bottom–3PO
‘He just activates that which is produced under him.’ 186 gʷəl (h)ay ƛ’askʷədabacəxʷ gʷəl
hay
ƛ’u= as–kʷəd•abac=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=STAT–taken•body=now
‘And then it would be held in the body.’ 187 gʷəl utu ʷəxʷ ti i cədi gʷu ididəs ti ə cədi gʷəxʷit’il gʷəl
u=tu ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
IRR=stretch=now
ti i
cədi
gʷə= u– idi–t=as
ti ə
cədi
DIST
s/he
SBJ=PFV–tied–ICS=3SBRD
PROX
s/he
gʷə=xʷit’il SBJ=descend
‘And it will stretch when the one who would descend is tied to it.’ 188
uxʷt’agʷil əxʷ xʷa di i adsbə dxʷgʷəd xʷa utit ʷud ə kʷi ixʷa u= u–xʷt’a–agʷil
əxʷ
IRR=PFV–descend–AUTO
dxʷ–gʷəd
xʷa
2SG.SUB 2SG.COORD
xʷa
CNTRPT–down
di i
2SG.COORD
u=ad=s=bə
suddenly
u=ti–t ʷu–t
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=fall
ə
IRR=ATTN–pull–ICS
PR
kʷi REM
ixʷ•a three•CLS
‘ “You’ll climb down and as soon as you are down below, you’ll tug three times.’ 189 di
adsbə
di
adstə ə u=ad=s=bə
suddenly
u=ad=s=tə ə
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=fall
IRR=2SG.PO=NM=arrive.safely
‘ “As soon as you are down, you will have arrived safely.’ 190 di
adsgʷə agʷil
di suddenly
u=ad=s=gʷə a–agʷil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=untied–AUTO
‘ “You will immediately untie yourself.’ 191 di əxʷ kʷi us əƛ’ ə ti i dt’əbi əd di =axʷ
kʷi
suddenly=now
REM
u=s= əƛ’ IRR=NM=come
ə
ti i
d–t’əbi əd
PR
DIST
1SG.PO–rope
‘ “My rope will then come (back) right away.’
Martha Williams Lamont
473
192 yə i əd ʷul’ askʷədabac yə i
əd
because
ʷul’
1SG.SUB
only
u= as–kʷəd•abac IRR=STAT–take•body
‘ “Because I will just hold it in (my) body.” ’ 193 hay əs ista hay
əd capa
as– ista
əd
STAT–be.like
SCONJ
capa
1SG.SUB
grandfather
‘ “So be it, Grandfather.” ’ 194 huy huy SCONJ
‘ “Good-bye.” ’ 195
əstab kʷi gʷədsq’p’ucid as–stab STAT–what
kʷi
gʷə=d=s=q’p’u–t–sid
REM
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=pay–ICS–2SG.OBJ
‘ “What should I pay you?” ’ 196 xʷi gʷadsq’p’uc ə kʷi gʷəstab xʷi
gʷə=ad=s=q’p’u–t–s
NEG
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=pay–ICS–1SG.OBJ
ə PR
kʷi
gʷə=stab
REM
SBJ=what
‘ “Don’t pay me anything.’ 197 day’ ti i
ə ti stab ti tucuuc udaw’ u stab
day’
ti i
uniquely
DIST
ə ‿ti seemingly
stab
ti
tu=cut–c
what
SPEC
PAST=say–ALTV
udaw’ fat
u
stab
INTJ
what
‘ “Only that kind of – what is called marrow or whatever.’ 198 gʷəl tu ʷ əs al kʷi gʷadsuhuyuc gʷəl
tu ʷ
SCONJ
just
as– al STAT–how
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s= u–huyu–t–s
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–made–ICS–1SG.OBJ
‘ “But how could you get it to me?’ 199 day’ əxʷ uhayayad day’ uniquely
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
u=hayayad IRR=figure.out.how
‘ “You will simply figure out how.’
474
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
200 huy ƛ’ub huy
ƛ’ub
SCONJ
well
‘ “That is sufficient.” ’ 201 gʷəl lə u ʷ ti s ušəbabdxʷ tupəl’ gʷəl
lə= u ʷ
ti
s ušəbabdxʷ
tupəl’
SCONJ
PROG=go
SPEC
poor.guy
spider
‘Then humble Spider went.’ 202 gʷəl bəgi gq’əd ti ə cədi ƛ’udəxʷukʷata s gʷəl
bə=gi –gq’–t
ti ə
cədi
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–kʷata =s
SCONJ
ADD=ATTN–open–ICS
PROX
s/he
HAB=ADNM=PFV–climb=3PO
‘And again he briefly opened this (hole) where he climbs.’ 203 gʷəl uləƛ’iqagʷil gʷəl
u=lə=ƛ’iqi–agʷil
SCONJ
IRR=PROG=emerge–AUTO
‘And he will emerge (on the other side).’ 204 gʷəl ulət ʷudəxʷ ti ə t’əbi əds gʷəl
u=lə=t ʷu–t=axʷ
SCONJ
IRR=PROG=pull–ICS=now
ti ə
t’əbi əd–s
PROX
rope–3PO
‘And he will pull his rope (along).’ 205 huy di i
a
huy
di –i
SCONJ
INTNS–FOC
a be.there
‘Then it was just there.’ 206
a al ti i s acigʷəds ti ə t’əbi əds a
al ti i
be.there
at
DIST
s= ac•igʷəd=s
ti ə
t’əbi əd–s
NM=centre•inside.body=3PO
PROX
rope–3PO
‘There was his rope inside him.’ 207 ƛ’utu ʷud ti i dəxʷsxʷtu ʷtu ʷalikʷ ə ti ə cədi tupəl’ ƛ’u= u–tu ʷu–t
ti i
dəxʷ=dxʷ–tu ʷ–tu ʷu–alikʷ
HAB=PFV–stretch–ICS
DIST
ADNM=CTD–DSTR–stretch–ACT
tupəl’ spider ‘He would stretch that which Spider stretches.’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
Martha Williams Lamont
475
208 gʷətu ʷtu ʷud gʷə=tu ʷ–tu ʷu–t SBJ=DSTR–stretch–ICS
‘He could stretch it.’ 209 gʷəšə gʷə=šə SBJ=make
‘He could make it.’ 210 tu ʷtu ʷud al ti ə stab swatixʷtəd al tə trees tu= ʷ–tu ʷu–t
al ti ə
PAST=CTD–stretch–ICS
at
PROX
stab
swatixʷtəd
what
land
al tə at
trees
NSPEC
trees
‘He stretched it onto things (in) the world, onto trees,’ 211 stab al tə gʷədagʷap ə tə stab stab
al
what
at
tə
gʷəd•agʷap
ə
NSPEC
down•base.of.tree
PR
tə
stab
NSPEC
what
‘(On) things underneath things.’ 212 putəxʷ ƛ’u ik’ʷ put=axʷ
ƛ’u= ik’ʷ
really=now
HAB=ugly
‘It would be really ugly.’ 213 tu ʷ ƛ’astu ʷtu ʷ dəxʷ id ə ti i bək’ʷ stab ’ic’qs ti ə stab ti ə
ʷə ʷayu
ti ə bək’ʷ huyu d tit ul’bixʷ tu ʷ ƛ’u= as–tu ʷ–tu ʷu
dəxʷ= id
just
ADNM=tied
HAB=STAT–DSTR–stretch
ti ə
stab
ti ə
PROX
what
PROX
ʷə ʷayu housefly
ə ti i PR
bək’ʷ stab
DIST
all
’ic’qs
what mosquito
ti ə
bək’ʷ huyu–t
tit ul’bixʷ
PROX
all
small.animal
made–ICS
‘But it would be stretched so that everything gets tied, mosquitos, things, flies, everything that is made into small creatures.’ 214 di əxʷ ƛ’ us ukʷədxʷ[s] di =axʷ
ƛ’u=s= u–kʷəda–dxʷ=s
FOC=now
IRR=NM=PFV–taken–DC=3PO
‘That is what he would get.’
476
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
215 di ƛ’usu ə əds di
ƛ’u=s= u– ə əd=s
FOC
HAB=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘That is what he would eat.’ 216 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə ti i cədi bəda huy
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
SCONJ
ə sbiaw
ti ə
ti i
cədi
bəda
PROX
DIST
s/he
offspring
ə
sbiaw
PR
coyote
‘Then this Son of Coyote goes.’ 217 bə ibəšəxʷ bə= ibəš=axʷ ADD=travel=now
‘He travels some more.’ 218
i ibəšəxʷ i
ibəš=axʷ
INTJ
travel=now
‘Indeed he travels.’ 219 gʷa( ) tu u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw gʷa
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
INTJ
PAST=go=now
PROX
coyote
‘But Coyote is gone.’ 220 tukʷədadəxʷ ti ə
aagʷəs
tu=kʷəda–t
ti ə
PAST=taken–ICS
PROX
aagʷəs–s wife:PL–3PO
‘He had taken his (son’s) wives.’ 221 huy huygʷasəxʷ kʷa huy
huyu•gʷas=axʷ
kʷa
SCONJ
made•pair=now
PTCL
‘Then of course they are married.’ 222 tulədᶻaqad ti ə sbiaw al ti i tus u ʷəxʷ ə ti ə bəda s tu=lə=dᶻaqa–t ti ə sbiaw al ti i tu=s= u ʷ=axʷ PAST=PROG=mourn–ICS
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
PROX
coyote at
‘Coyote had mourned when his son had gone.’
DIST
PAST=NM=go=now
ə PR
Martha Williams Lamont
477
223 tu ʷil’ tu= ʷil’ PAST=lost
‘ “He got lost.’ 224 š a kʷi dbad4 s= a
kʷi
d–bad
NM=be.there
REM
1SG.PO–father
‘ “There was my father.’ 225 š a kʷi dbad s= a
kʷi
d–bad
NM=be.there
REM
1SG.PO–father
‘ “There was my father.’ 226
əsluluƛ’əb kʷəda ti dbad ti dbad as–lu–luƛ’–b STAT–ATTN–old–MD
kʷəda
ti
d–bad
ti
d–bad
PTCL
SPEC
1SG.PO–father
SPEC
1SG.PO–father
‘ “He might have grown old, my father, my father.’ 227 š a kʷi dbad kʷi dbad s= a
kʷi
d–bad
kʷi
d–bad
NM=be.there
REM
1SG.PO–father
REM
1SG.PO–father
‘ “There was my father, my father.’ 228
əsluluƛ’əb kʷəda ti dbad as–lu–luƛ’–b STAT–ATTN–old–MD
kʷəda
ti
d–bad
PTCL
SPEC
1SG.PO–father
‘ “He might have grown old, my father.” ’ 229 k’əyi əxʷ ləsxʷ il bad k’əyi =axʷ
ləs–xʷə –il
bad
pretend=now
PROG.STAT–lack–INCH
father
‘He pretends he was without a father.’ 230 k’əyi əxʷ k’əyi =axʷ pretend=now ‘He pretends.’
__________ 4
The /š/ is another example of the stylized speech of Coyote.
478
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
231 di ti i tubads tusbiaw kʷi u atəbəd di
ti i
tu=bad–s
tu=sbiaw
kʷi
FOC
DIST
PAST=father–3PO
PAST=coyote
REM
u– atəbəd PFV–die
‘It is his late father, dearly departed Coyote, who has died.’ 232 gʷa( ) bəsbiaw ti ə ləcucut gʷa
bə=sbiaw
ti ə
lə=cut–cut
INTJ
ADD=coyote
PROX
PROG=DSTR–say
‘But the one who is talking is Coyote himself.’ 233 lət’uk’ʷəxʷ dxʷ al ti i s ə adəy
aagʷəs ə ti ə tubəda s
lə=t’uk’ʷ=axʷ
dxʷ– al
ti i
s ə– adəy
PROG=go.home=now
CNTRPT–at
DIST
PL–woman
ti ə
tu=bəda –s
PROX
PAST=offspring–3PO
aagʷəs–s
‘He goes home to the women, the wives of his former son.’ 234
əshiq’ʷəbid as–hiq’ʷəb–bi–t STAT–covet–MAP–ICS
‘He is infatuated with (Sawbill).’ 235 hay əsaydub ə tsi ə həbu hay
as–hay–dxʷ–b
SCONJ
ə
STAT–known–DC–PASS
PR
tsi ə
həbu
PROX:FEM
pigeon
‘However, Pigeon knows.’ 236
u di i ti i sa luƛ’ ti i u INTJ
ugʷəlald ti tuds ’istxʷ
di –i
ti i
sa
luƛ’
ti i
INTNS–FOC
DIST
bad
old
DIST
u–gʷəlal–t PFV–harmed–ICS
ti SPEC
tu=d–s ’istxʷ PAST=1SG.PO–husband
‘ “Oh, that bad old man is the very one who killed my late husband.’ 237 di i əw’ə ti ə sa luƛ’ di –i
əw’ə
ti ə
sa
luƛ’
INTNS–FOC
PTCL
PROX
bad
old
‘ “That bad old man is the very one.’
ə
wife:PL–3PO PR
Martha Williams Lamont
479
238 di ti ə ləcucut di
ti ə
lə=cut–cut
FOC
PROX
PROG=DSTR–say
‘ “He is the one who is talking.” ’ 239 tu ʷ xʷi gʷəs idigʷats tu ʷ xʷi
gʷə=s= idigʷat=s
just
SBJ=NM=say.what=3PO
NEG
‘But she doesn’t say anything.’ 240
ʷul’ əs icil al kʷi ə s ʷul’ only
as– icil
al kʷi
STAT–angry
at
ə –s mind–3PO
REM
‘She is simply angry in her mind.’ 241 hay
is tsi ə cədi s a a s
hay
il–s arrive–ALTV
SCONJ
tsi ə
cədi
s a a –s
PROX:FEM
s/he
in.law–3PO
‘He comes to his in-laws.’ 242 gʷəl ləcuuc gʷəl
lə=cut–c
SCONJ
PROG=say–ALTV
‘And he says to (Pigeon),’ 243
aci
əd uk’ʷa cid
aci
əd
pause
u=k’ʷa –t–sid
1SG.SUB
IRR=released–ICS–2SG.OBJ
‘ “I will let you go for a while.’ 244
aci
əd u u ʷ əd dxʷ al tsi s a hus
aci pause
əd
u= u ʷ
1SG.SUB
IRR=go
əd 1SG.SUB
dxʷ– al
tsi
s a hus
CNTRPT–at
SPEC:FEM
sawbill
‘ “For a while I will go to Sawbill.’ 245 di əxʷ udsəsq’ʷuhu di =axʷ FOC=now
u=d=s= as–q’ʷuhu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–associate
‘ “She is the one I will associate with.’
480
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
246 gʷəl aci
əd u əgʷəlbicid
gʷəl
aci
əd
pause
SCONJ
u= əgʷəl–bicid
1SG.SUB
IRR=leave–2SG.OBJ
‘ “And for a bit I will leave you.’ 247
yə i di tads aƛ’təb ə t(i) ads a a ə
yə i
di
tu=ad=s= aƛ’–t–b
because
FOC
PAST=2SG.PO=NM=desired–ICS–PASS
PR
ti
ad–s a a
SPEC
2SG.PO–in.law
‘ “Because you were desired by your (father-)in-law.” ’ 248 cuucəb tsi ə cədi həbu cut–c–b
tsi ə
cədi
həbu
say–ALTV–PASS
PROX:FEM
s/he
pigeon
‘He speaks to Pigeon.’ 249 gʷa( ) əs icil gʷa INTJ
as– icil STAT–angry
‘But she is angry.’ 250
əsaydxʷ as–hay–dxʷ STAT–known–DC
‘She knows.’ 251 sbiaw ti ə
ucucuuc əlgʷə
sbiaw
ti ə
coyote
PROX
u–cut–cut–c
əlgʷə
PFV–DSTR–say–ALTV
PL
‘The one who is talking to them is Coyote.’ 252 di i s a a s di –i
s a a –s
INTNS–FOC
in.law–3PO
‘It is their (father-)in-law himself.’ 253 gʷəl ša ša adad al kʷi əsqəp tsi i cədi s a hus gʷəl
ša ša adad
SCONJ
leave.it.to
al at
kʷi REM
as–qəp STAT–foolish
‘But leave it to someone as silly as Sawbill.’
tsi i
cədi
s a hus
DIST:FEM
s/he
sawbill
Martha Williams Lamont
481
254 xʷi gʷəsəsaydxʷs xʷi
gʷə=s= as–hay–dxʷ=s
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
‘She did not know.’ 255 huy huygʷastxʷəxʷ ti ə s a a s huy
huyu•gʷas–txʷ=axʷ
ti ə
s a a –s
SCONJ
made•pair–ECS=now
PROX
in.law–3PO
‘Then she pairs up with her (father-)in-law.’ 256
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘They go.’
257 gʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə gʷa ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
walk=now
PL
‘They walk.’ 258 tugʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə tu=gʷa ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
PAST=walk=now
PL
‘They walk.’ 259 tuli laq tsi i həbu ti i ƛ’usu aabs tu=li –laq
tsi i
həbu
ti i
ƛ’u=s= u– aab=s
PAST=PRLV–behind
DIST:FEM
pigeon
DIST
HAB=NM=PFV–cry=3PO
‘Pigeon came behind crying.’ 260 li lalaq li –la–laq PRLV–ATTN–behind
‘She is a little behind.’ 261 ləgʷa ʷ əlgʷə lə=gʷa ʷ
əlgʷə
PROG=walk
PL
‘They are walking.’
482
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
262 dxʷ ad kʷi sugʷa ʷs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i tusq’əlbs əlgʷə dxʷ– ad
kʷi
s= u–gʷa ʷ=s
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–where
REM
NM=PFV–walk=3PO
PL
CNTRPT–at
DIST
tu=s=q’əlb=s
əlgʷə
PAST=NM=make.camp=3PO
PL
‘They stroll all over until they camp.’ 263 gʷəl tulil uqʷa qʷa atəb tsi i həbu gʷəl
tulil
SCONJ
cross.water
u=qʷa –qʷa a–t–b IRR=DSTR–driven.off–ICS–PASS
tsi i
həbu
DIST:FEM
pigeon
‘And Pigeon will be driven away.’ 264 xʷi kʷ(i) ad s əƛ’ xʷi
kʷi
ad=s= əƛ’
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=come
‘ “Don’t come.’ 265 lil lil far ‘ “Stay away.’ 266 ƛ’al’ aha kʷ(i) ads a al ti i ƛ’al’ also
ah–a INTNS–be.there
kʷi
ad=s= a
REM
2SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “Remain where you are there.’ 267 xʷi kʷ(i) ads əƛ’cbu xʷi
kʷi
ad=s= əƛ’–c–bu
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=come–ALTV–1PL.OBJ
‘ “Don’t come to us.” ’ 268 qʷa qʷa atəb ə ti i qʷa –qʷa a–t–b DSTR–driven.off–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘They drive her away.’ 269
ʷul’ ƛ’u ə ə ə ʷul’ ƛ’u= ə ə ə only
HAB=brokenhearted
‘She would just be miserable.’
al at
ti i DIST
Martha Williams Lamont
270
483
aha ah–a INTNS–be.there
‘There she is.’ 271 bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə dxʷ aləxʷ ti i cədi ... bə=gʷa ʷ
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al=axʷ
ti i
cədi
ADD=walk
PL
CNTRPT–at=now
DIST
s/he
‘They walk again on toward ...’ 272 di əxʷ kʷi sugʷa gʷə ʷs əlgʷə dxʷ al ti i ... di =axʷ
kʷi
s= u–gʷa –gʷə ʷ=s
əlgʷə
dxʷ– al
ti i
suddenly=now
REM
NM=PFV–DSTR–walk=3PO
PL
CNTRPT–at
DIST
‘Suddenly they walked toward ...’ 273 gʷəl ləc’yitəb ə ti ə st’q’ʷalšəds s əšəls ƛ’usəsƛ’ac’aps gʷəl
ləc’–yi–t–b
SCONJ
ə
come.down.on–DAT–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
st’q’ʷalšəd–s
PROX
tumpline–3PO
s= as–šəl=s
ƛ’u=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap=s
NM=STAT–dangling=3PO
HAB=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom=3PO
‘And her dangling tumpline which she had around her waist is stepped on.’ 274 gʷəl ləc’təb ə ti ə gʷəl
ləc’–t–b
SCONJ
come.down.on–ICS–PASS
ə PR
ti ə PROX
‘And it is stepped on by this one (Coyote’s Son).’ 275 gʷəl cut gʷəl
cut
SCONJ
say
‘She says,’ 276
ə id əw’ə ə id
əw’ə
what.happen
PTCL
‘ “What’s the matter?’ 277 stab əw’ə kʷi bələ ə itxʷ kʷi ƛ’udsəsƛ’ac’ap stab
əw’ə
kʷi
bə=lə= ə id–txʷ
kʷi
what
PTCL
REM
ADD=PROG=what.happen–ECS
REM
484
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
ƛ’u=d=s= as–ƛ’ac’•ap HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–cinch•bottom
‘ “What keeps happening to that which I cinch my waist with?’ 278
ə id ə id what.happen ‘ “What’s the matter?” ’
279 gʷəl bədi di gʷəl
bə=di –di
SCONJ
ADD=DSTR–other.side
‘And again further on,’ 280 gʷəl bəckʷab gʷəl
bə=ckʷa–b
SCONJ
ADD=taut–MD
‘And it goes taut again.’ 281 bət ʷud bə=t ʷu–t ADD=pull–ICS
‘It is pulled again.’ 282 huy dᶻalqʷusəxʷ huy dᶻalq•us=axʷ SCONJ
turn•face=now
‘Then she looks over her shoulder.’ 283 gʷəhaw’ə di ti ə tus ’istxʷs ti ə
utə ə dubutəxʷ
gʷəhaw’ə
di
ti ə
tu=s ’istxʷ–s
ti ə
seemingly
FOC
PROX
PAST=husband–3PO
PROX
u–tə ə –dxʷ–but=axʷ PFV–arrive.safely–DC–REFL=now
‘Why! It is her former husband now safely arrived.’ 284 huy gʷə ’əbaxʷ huy
gʷə ’a–b=axʷ
SCONJ
search–CSMD=now
‘For he has searched for them.’
Martha Williams Lamont
285
485
aladəxʷ ti ə dəxʷgʷa ʷ ə ti ə tugʷa ʷtub s adəy s ə ti ə bads ala–t=axʷ chased–ICS=now
ti ə
dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ
ə
PROX
ADNM=walk
PR
s adəy –s
ə PR
woman–3PO
ti ə
bad–s
PROX
father–3PO
ti ə
tu=gʷa ʷ–txʷ–b
PROX
PAST=walk–ECS–PASS
‘He has followed where they walked when his father took his women walking.’ 286 huy šudxʷəxʷ ti ə tus ’istxʷs huy
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti ə
tu=s ’istxʷ–s
SCONJ
see–DC=now
PROX
PAST=husband–3PO
‘Then she sees her former husband.’ 287
u dəgʷi həw’ə u INTJ
dəgʷi
həw’ə
you
PTCL
‘ “Oh, so it’s you!” ’ 288 ƛ’ulə aab tsi i həbu ƛ’u=lə= aab
tsi i
həbu
HAB=PROG=cry
DIST:FEM
pigeon
‘Pigeon had been crying.’ 289 huy s aƛ’s ti ə tus ’istxʷs huy
s= aƛ’=s
ti ə
tu=s ’istxʷ–s
SCONJ
NM=desire=3PO
PROX
PAST=husband–3PO
‘She had liked her late husband.’ 290 tudi əxʷ kʷa t s i s a hus i ti ə s a a s əshuygʷasəxʷ tudi =axʷ
kʷa
tsi
s a hus
DIST.DMA=now
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
sawbill
i CONJ
ti ə
s a a –s
PROX
in.law–3PO
as–huyu•gʷas=axʷ STAT–made•pair=now
‘Over there, however, Sawbill and her (father-)in-law are paired up.’ 291 huy əxʷscutəbid huy SCONJ
as–dxʷs–cut–ab–bi–t STAT–CTD–say–DSD–MAP–ICS
‘Then she realizes it.’
486
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
292 di ti ə s ’istxʷs di
ti ə
s ’istxʷ–s
FOC
PROX
husband–3PO
‘He is her husband.’ 293 hay gʷəl cutəb hay
gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘So then it is spoken,’ 294 ƛ’uqʷa atəb əd ə ti i
əshuygʷas
ƛ’u=qʷa a–t–b
əd
HAB=driven.off–ICS–PASS
ə
1SG.SUB PR
ti i
as–huyu•gʷas
DIST
STAT–made•pair
‘ “I would be driven away by those paired-up ones.’ 295 lil u xʷ əda ƛ’uqʷa qʷa lil
u xʷ
far
PTCL
əda
ƛ’u=qʷa –qʷa a
1SG.COORD
HAB=DSTR–driven.off
‘ “Just a little ways away, and I would be driven off.’ 296
ʷul’əxʷ əd ƛ’u aha ti i ƛ’udsq’əlb lil’lil ʷul’=axʷ
əd
only=now
ƛ’u= ah–a
1SG.SUB
ti i
HAB=INTNS–be.there
ƛ’u=d=s=q’əlb
lil’–lil
HAB=1SG.PO=NM=make.camp
DSTR–far
DIST
‘ “I would just be there camping a little way off.” ’ 297 gʷəl u ə id gʷəl
u– ə id PFV–what.happen
SCONJ
‘ “And what happened?” ’ 298 ƛ’ub əs ista ƛ’ub well
as– ista STAT–be.like
‘ “It is better that way.’ 299 yə i huy əshuygʷas yə i
huy
because
SCONJ
as–huyu•gʷas STAT–made•pair
‘ “Because they are paired up.’
Martha Williams Lamont
487
300 ƛ’al’ əsƛ’altub ti al ti i adstab adƛ’əwc’əla ad ti i ad id idšəd ǰu adads ƛ’al’
as–ƛ’al–txʷ–b
also
ti
STAT–put.on–ECS–PASS
SPEC
al ti i at
ad–stab 2SG.PO–what
DIST
ad–ƛ’əwc’əla ad
ti i
ad– id– idi•šəd
ǰu adad–s
2SG.PO–armbands
DIST
2SG.PO–DSTR–tied•leg
regalia–3PO
‘ “Also, he is wearing your things, your armbands, your leg-ties, (as if they were) his regalia.’ ” 301 ƛ’ub di ti i tusbiaw ti i səshuys ƛ’ub
di
ti i
tu=sbiaw
ti i
s= as–huyu=s
well
FOC
DIST
PAST=coyote
DIST
NM=STAT–made=3PO
‘Coyote decided to impersonate him.’ 302 hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ al ti i dəxʷq’əlbs hay
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ al
ti
i
dəxʷ=q’əlb=s
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
at
DIST
ADNM=make.camp=3PO
‘And so when they camp, (Pigeon) is spoken to by (Coyote’s Son).’ 303 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go ahead.’ 304
u ʷ u ʷ go ‘ “Go.’
305
əliqs əxʷ uqʷa atəb xʷ a əliqs even.if
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
ʷul’ i u ʷ
u=qʷa a–t–b IRR=driven.off–ICS–PASS
xʷa 2SG.COORD
‘ “Even if you are driven away, you just go anyway.’ 306 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘ “No.’
ʷul’ only
i– u ʷ PRTV–go
488
307
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
əliqs əxʷ uqʷa atəb əliqs
əxʷ
even.if
u–qʷa a–t–b
2SG.SUB
PFV–driven.off–ICS–PASS
‘ “Even if you are driven off.’ 308 tu ʷ əxʷ ʷul’ i u ʷ tu ʷ
əxʷ
just
ʷul’
2SG.SUB
only
i– u ʷ PRTV–go
‘ “You just go anyway.” ’ 309
u ʷ tsi i cədi həbu u ʷ tsi i go
DIST:FEM
cədi
həbu
s/he
pigeon
‘Pigeon goes.’ 310 gʷəl lətab q’ay gʷəs adᶻiləxʷ ti ə cədi gʷəl
lə=taba
q’ay
gʷə=s= a –il=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
SCONJ
PROG=do
[??]
SBJ=NM=hidden–INCH=now
PROX
s/he
‘(Coyote’s Son) works his power so that he is hidden.’ 311 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi i həbu huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ tsi i go=now
DIST:FEM
həbu pigeon
‘Then Pigeon goes.’ 312 gʷəl cutəb gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
‘And she is spoken to,’ 313 ši i i i ši i i i shoo.shoo ‘ “Shoo shoo!’ 314 xʷi kʷ(i) ads əƛ’ həbu xʷi
kʷi
ad=s= əƛ’
həbu
NEG
REM
2SG.PO=NM=come
pigeon
‘ “Don’t come, Pigeon!’
Martha Williams Lamont
489
315 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘ “No.’ 316
aha kʷ(i) ads a al tudi ah–a INTNS–be.there
kʷi
ad=s= a
REM
2SG.PO=NM=be.there
‘ “There is your place over there.’ 317 lilcut həbu lil–t–šut
həbu
far–ICS–REFL
pigeon
‘ “Get away, Pigeon.’ 318 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘ “No.” ’ 319
ʷul’ i u ʷ tsi i həbu ʷul’ only
i– u ʷ PRTV–go
tsi i
həbu
DIST:FEM
pigeon
‘Pigeon just keeps on going.’ 320 gʷəl lə il gʷəl
lə= il
SCONJ
PROG=arrive
‘And she arrives.’ 321 gʷəl ləkiis a gʷəl
lə=kiis
SCONJ
PROG=stand
a be.there
‘And she is standing there.’ 322 di i səskiis di –i
s= as–kiis=s
INTNS–FOC
NM=STAT–stand=3PO
‘They both are standing there.’
al tudi at
DIST.DMA
490
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
323 baskiisəxʷ ti ə cədi bəda s bə= as–kiis=axʷ
ti ə
cədi
bəda –s
ADD=STAT–stand=now
PROX
s/he
offspring–3PO
‘His son is also standing there.’ 324 tiləb usaxʷəbid ti ə bəda s tiləb
u–saxʷəb–bi–t
immediately
PFV–jump–MAP–ICS
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘Immediately, (Coyote) runs to his son.’ 325 gʷəl al ti ə dbəda ti ə t(i) adƛ’əwc’la ad ti ə t(i) ad idšəd ti ə t(i) adstab ti ə adbitbita s gʷəl
al ti ə
SCONJ
at
ti SPEC
d–bəda
ti ə
1SG.PO–offspring
PROX
PROX
ti
ad–ƛ’əwc’la ad
ti ə
SPEC
2SG.PO–armbands
PROX
ad– id•šəd
ti ə
ti
ad–stab
ti ə
2SG.PO–tied•leg
PROX
SPEC
2SG.PO–what
PROX
ad–bit–bita s 2SG.PO–DSTR–breechcloth ‘So, “Here, my son, are your armbands, your leg-ties, your things, your breechcloths.” ’ 326 bə ə idəxʷ kʷ(i) adəxʷuxʷəcəd kʷ(i) adsƛ’alabac bə= ə id=axʷ
kʷi
ad=dəxʷ= u–xʷəc–t
kʷi
ADD=what.happen=now
REM
2SG.PO=ADNM=PFV–removed–ICS
REM
ad=s=ƛ’al•abac 2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body ‘ “Why are you taking your clothes off?’ 327 ƛ’ub əxʷ əsƛ’aldxʷ ƛ’ub well
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
as–ƛ’al–dxʷ STAT–put.on–DC
‘ “You should be wearing them.’ 328 huy əxʷ əbsƛ’alabac huy SCONJ
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
as–bəs–ƛ’al•abac STAT–PROP–cover•body
‘ “Since you have the clothes.” ’
Martha Williams Lamont
491
329 cutəb ə ti ə bəda s cut–t–b
ə
say–ICS–PASS
PR
ti ə
bəda –s
PROX
offspring–3PO
‘He is spoken to by his son,’ 330 ƛ’ub əxʷ atxʷ ƛ’ub well
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
a–txʷ be.there–ECS
‘ “You should put them there.’ 331 huy adsƛ’alabac huy
ad=s=ƛ’al•abac
SCONJ
2SG.PO=NM=put.on•body
‘ “Since they are your clothes.’ 332 badəxʷ ə idəxʷ bə=ad=dəxʷ= ə id=axʷ ADD=2SG.PO=ADNM=what.happen=now
‘ “Why are you doing that?” ’ 333 huy huy ibəšəxʷ əlgʷə huy
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘Then, then they travel.’ 334
ibəšəxʷ ibəš=axʷ travel=now ‘They travel.’
335
u ʷəxʷ u ʷ=axʷ go=now ‘They go now.’
336 hiwil hiwil go.ahead ‘ “Go on.’
əlgʷə PL
492
337
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
u ʷ i tsi s a hus u ʷ
i
go
CONJ
tsi
s a hus
SPEC:FEM
sawbill
‘ “You and Sawbill go.’ 338 xʷi əxʷ gʷəds aƛ’ kʷi gʷəbadsu əƛ’ gʷadsu abaqəd xʷi =axʷ
gʷə=d=s= aƛ’
kʷi
gʷə=bə=ad=s= u– əƛ’
NEG=now
SBJ=1SG.PO=NM=desired
REM
SBJ=ADD=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–come
gʷə=ad=s= u– abaq–t SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–return–ICS
‘ “I don’t want you to come or to return her.’ 339 ƛ’ubəxʷ adsgʷa əxʷ tsi i s a hus ƛ’ub=axʷ
ad=s=gʷa =axʷ
tsi i
s a hus
well=now
2SG.PO=NM=accompany=now
DIST:FEM
sawbill
‘ “It is better now for Sawbill to accompany you.” ’ 340 huy u ʷəxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Then Coyote goes.’ 341
u ʷəxʷ kʷa u ʷ=axʷ go=now
kʷa PTCL
‘They go.’ 342 gʷa ʷəxʷ ti i i
i həbu
gʷa ʷ=axʷ
ti –i i
walk=now
PL–DIST
i ti i cədi s ’istxʷs
i
həbu
i
pigeon
CONJ
CONJ
ti i
cədi
s ’istxʷ–s
DIST
s/he
husband–3PO
‘Pigeon and her husband walk.’ 343 gʷa ʷəxʷ əlgʷə gʷa ʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
walk=now
PL
‘They walk now.’ 344 dxʷ adəxʷ al ti ə dəxʷgʷa ʷs dxʷ– ad=axʷ CNTRPT–where=now
‘They walk all over.’
al ti ə at
PROX
dəxʷ=gʷa ʷ–s ADNM=walk–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
345
493
i i INTJ
‘They continue.’ 346
əƛ’axʷ ti i i əƛ’=axʷ
i sbiaw li laq
ti –i i
come=now
i
PL–DIST
CONJ
sbiaw
li –laq
coyote
PRLV–behind
‘(Sawbill) and Coyote come along behind.’ 347 li laq əlgʷə
i tsi ə səshuygʷas s a hus
li –laq
əlgʷə
PRLV–behind
PL
i CONJ
tsi ə
s= as–huyu•gʷas=s
s a hus
PROX:FEM
NM=STAT–made•pair=3PO
sawbill
‘(Coyote) and the paired-up Sawbill are behind.’ 348 qəlbidbitəbəxʷ tsi i s a hus qəlbid–bi–t–b=axʷ
tsi i
s a hus
garbage–MAP–ICS–PASS=now
DIST:FEM
sawbill
‘Sawbill is discarded now.’ 349 huy huyitəbəxʷ əlgʷə
ə kʷi stuləkʷ ə ti ə cədi
huy
huyu–yi–t–b=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
made–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
PL
ə PR
kʷi
stuləkʷ
REM
river
‘Then this one (Coyote’s Son) makes a river for them.’ 350 hay tulil əlgʷə hay
tulil
əlgʷə
SCONJ
cross.water
PL
‘Then they cross.’ 351 tulil ti ə cədi sbiaw tulil
ti ə
cədi
sbiaw
cross.water
PROX
s/he
coyote
‘Coyote crosses.’ 352 t’i ib t’i ib swim ‘He swims.’
ə PR
ti ə
cədi
PROX
s/he
494
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
353 yə i ƛ’ut’i ib yə i
ƛ’u= u–t’i ib
because
HAB=PFV–swim
‘Because he could swim.’ 354 hay alil əlgʷə hay
alil
SCONJ
əlgʷə
go.ashore
PL
‘They go ashore.’ 355 gʷəl bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə gʷəl
bə=gʷa ʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
ADD=walk
PL
‘And they walk on.’ 356
i i INTJ
‘They continue.’ 357 xʷ ub bəhikʷ ti i bəshuyitəbs əlgʷə stuləkʷ gʷəstuləkʷəs xʷ ub
bə=hikʷ
ti i
bə=s=huyu–yi–t–b=s
əlgʷə
ultimately
ADD=big
DIST
ADD=NM=made–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
stuləkʷ gʷə=stuləkʷ=as river
SBJ=river=3SBRD
‘An even bigger river is made for them, if it is a river.’ 358 bətulil əlgʷə bə=tulil
əlgʷə
ADD=cross.water
PL
‘They cross again.’ 359 bə alildubut bə= alil–dxʷ–but ADD=go.ashore–DC–REFL
‘They get themselves ashore again.’ 360 huy aləxʷ ti i laqəxʷ huy SCONJ
al=axʷ at=now
ti i
laq=axʷ
DIST
behind=now
‘Then at the last one.’
Martha Williams Lamont
495
361 hiˑgʷəxʷ stuləkʷəxʷ ti i shuyitəbs əlgʷə dxʷ aləxʷ gʷəsp’əq’ʷs əlgʷə higʷ=axʷ
stuləkʷ=axʷ
ti i
s=huyu–yi–t–b=s
əlgʷə
big=now
river=now
DIST
NM=made–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
PL
dxʷ– al=axʷ
gʷə=s=p’əq’ʷ=s
əlgʷə
CNTRPT–at=now
SBJ=NM=float=3PO
PL
‘A really big river was now made for them to float (across).’ 362 huy tuliləxʷ ti i ə huy
tulil=axʷ
ti –i ə
SCONJ
cross.water=now
PL–PROX
‘Then these (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) cross.’ 363 gʷəl alil gʷəl SCONJ
alil go.ashore
‘And they go ashore.’ 364 gʷəl gʷa ʷ gʷəl
gʷa ʷ
SCONJ
walk
‘And they walk on.’ 365 hay tuliləxʷ ti sbiaw hay
tulil=axʷ
ti
sbiaw
SCONJ
cross.water=now
SPEC
coyote
‘So then Coyote crosses.’ 366
ʷul’əxʷ up’əq’ʷ dxʷlil ʷul’=axʷ
u–p’əq’ʷ
only=now
dxʷ–lil
PFV–float
CNTRPT–far
‘He just drifts away.’ 367 dxʷ a ad kʷədi s u ʷs dxʷ– a ad
kʷədi
s= u ʷ=s
CNTRPT–downstream
REM.DMA
NM=go=3PO
‘Downstream he goes.’ 368 huy u ʷəxʷ tsi ə s a hus huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then Sawbill goes.’
tsi ə
s a hus
PROX:FEM
sawbill
496
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
369 ha
kʷa tsi s a hus
ha
kʷa
tsi
s a hus
good
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
sawbill
‘Sawbill, of course, is good (at swimming).’ 370 gʷəl tu ʷ huy ƛ’al’ bələp’əq’ʷ gʷəl
tu ʷ
huy
ƛ’al’
bə=lə=p’əq’ʷ
SCONJ
just
SCONJ
also
ADD=PROG=float
‘But she too just drifts off.’ 371 tu ʷ huy lə alil dxʷdi ucid tu ʷ
huy
lə= alil
dxʷ–di •ucid
just
SCONJ
PROG=go.ashore
CNTRPT–other.side•mouth
‘But (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) are just getting to the other side.’ 372 huy u ʷəxʷ ti i cədi s ušəbabdxʷ sbiaw huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ ti i go=now
DIST
cədi
s ušəbabdxʷ
sbiaw
s/he
poor.guy
coyote
‘Then this poor Coyote goes.’ 373 p’q’ʷaxʷ p’q’ʷ=axʷ float=now ‘He drifts (off) now.’ 374
uˑ ʷəxʷ al kʷədi dəxʷ u ʷs u ʷ=axʷ go=now
al kʷədi at
dəxʷ= u ʷ=s
REM.DMA
ADNM=go=3PO
‘He goes far away where he goes.’ 375 gʷa ʷəxʷ kʷa ti ə caadi gʷa ʷ=axʷ
kʷa
ti ə
caadi
walk=now
PTCL
PROX
they
‘However, they (Coyote’s Son and Pigeon) walk on.’ 376 gʷəl ləp’ədil al dᶻə ti i səstab səšə s ƛ’udəxʷusuxʷi xʷi
ə ti i ə
wi wi ƛ’udəxʷu idtxʷs əlgʷə ti i səc’q’aps əlgʷə gʷəl lə=p’ədil al dᶻə ti i s= as–stab SCONJ
PROG=drift.ashore
at
PTCL
DIST
NM=STAT–what
i adad i
Martha Williams Lamont
s= as–šə =s
497
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–s uxʷi xʷi
NM=STAT–make=3PO
adad
i
magpie
CONJ
HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt
ə PR
ti –i ə
i
PL–PROX
CONJ
wi wi
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u– idi–txʷ=s
əlgʷə
snipe
HAB=ADNM=PFV–tied–ECS=3PO
PL
ti i
s=lə=c’q’ap=s
əlgʷə
DIST
NM=PROG=pole=3PO
PL
‘And (Coyote) drifts up onto that thing made for fishing by Magpie and Snipe where they would tie it to what they used for poles.’ 377 huy gʷəl a iləxʷ kʷi s ik’ʷabac ə ti ə sbiaw huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
a–il=axʷ
kʷi
be.there–INCH=now
SCONJ
s= ik’ʷ•abac
ə ti ə
REM NM=hooked•body
PR
PROX
sbiaw coyote ‘And then Coyote gets caught there.’ 378 huy haydxʷəxʷ huy
hay–dxʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
known–DC=now
‘Then he knows.’ 379 di gʷə ti i
i wi wi
i s adad
di
gʷə
ti i
i
FOC
ASSC
DIST
CONJ
wi wi snipe
i
s adad
CONJ
magpie
‘It belongs to Snipe and Magpie.’ 380 huy huyucutəxʷ qʷiqʷ ay ul
a
huy
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
SCONJ
made–ICS–REFL=now
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
a be.there
‘Then he makes himself into a little wooden dish right there.’ 381 qʷiqʷ ay ul əxʷ ti i ƛ’usəshuys i a qʷi–qʷ ay •ul =axʷ
ti i
ƛ’u=s= as–huyu=s
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly=now
DIST
HAB=NM=STAT–made=3PO
i –a ATTN–bowl
‘A little wooden dish is what he would make himself into, a little platter.’ 382 hiha
i a
hi–ha ATTN–good
i –a ATTN–bowl
‘It is a nice little platter.’
498
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
383 gʷəl lə u ʷ ti i
i adad
gʷəl
lə= u ʷ
ti i
SCONJ
PROG=go
DIST
i
adad
CONJ
magpie
‘And (Snipe) and Magpie went.’ 384 ləgʷ ad əlgʷə kʷi s uladxʷs lə=gʷə a–t
əlgʷə
kʷi
s uladxʷ–s
PROG=untied–ICS
PL
REM
salmon–3PO
‘They untie their salmon.’ 385 huy gʷəl lətab cutəb huy
gʷəl
lə=taba
cut–t–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=do
say–ICS–PASS
‘Then it is being spoken,’ 386 hay tsi si ab hay hay
tsi
si ab
hay
SCONJ
SPEC:FEM
noble
SCONJ
‘ “Oh, Lady. Oh.’ 387 qʷiqʷ ay ul ti ə
əsp’ədil
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
ti ə
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
PROX
as–p’ədil STAT–drift.ashore
‘ “What has drifted up is a little wooden dish.’ 388 ha
qʷiqʷ ay ul
ha
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
good
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘ “It is a nice little wooden dish.” ’ 389 gʷəl cutəb ə tsi ə
ay’əds
gʷəl
cut–t–b
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
tsi ə PROX:FEM
‘And she is spoken to by her companion,’ 390 kʷədad tsi si ab kʷəda–t
tsi
si ab
taken–ICS
SPEC:FEM
noble
‘ “Take it, Lady.’
ay’əd–s companion–3PO
Martha Williams Lamont
499
391 kʷədad kʷəda–t taken–ICS ‘ “Take it.’ 392 ƛ’asxʷə
ə ƛ’udəxʷucilalikʷ ə
ƛ’u= as–xʷə HAB=STAT–lack
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–cili–alikʷ
1PL.SUB
HAB=ADNM=PFV–supported–ACT
‘ “We are without something for serving food on.’ 393 yaw’ ha
kʷi uscils dəxʷəscildxʷyid ə ƛ’usuq’ʷəlb ə ti i ƛ’usc’əbixʷ stab
yaw’
ha
kʷi
only.if
good
REM
u=s=cil=s IRR=NM=supported=3PO
ə
dəxʷ= as–cili–dxʷ–yi–t ADNM=STAT–supported–DC–DAT–ICS
ə 1PL.PO
1PL.PO
ƛ’u=s= u–q’ʷəl–b HAB=NM=PFV–cooked–CSMD
ti i
ƛ’u=s=c’əb•bixʷ
stab
DIST
HAB=NM=berry•cluster
what
‘ “It would be really nice to serve what we cook, picked berries, and other (food) on something we can serve with.” ’ 394 hay u ʷtub ti i qʷiqʷ i ul hay SCONJ
u ʷ–txʷ–b
ti i
qʷi–qʷ i •ul
go–ECS–PASS
DIST
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘So that little wooden dish is taken.’ 395
ildub il–dxʷ–b arrive–DC–PASS ‘They manage to arrive with it.’
396 gʷəl (h)uy əlgʷə q’ʷəlb gʷəl
huy
əlgʷə
q’ʷəl–b
SCONJ
SCONJ
PL
cooked–CSMD
‘And then they cook.’ 397 ha ha good ‘It is good.’
500
398
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
i ciltubəxʷ ə ti ə yaw’ ha i –cili–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
PRTV–supported–ECS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
yaw’
ha
PROX
only.if
good
‘ “Being served this way is really great!” ’ stab5
399 ha ha
stab
good
what
‘It is good .’ 400 gʷa əxʷ ti i i
i həbu
gʷa ʷ=axʷ
ti –i i
walk=now
PL–DIST
i
həbu
CONJ
pigeon
‘(Son of Coyote) and Pigeon walk on.’ 401
i i INTJ
‘Yes.’ 402 p’ədiləxʷ p’ədil=axʷ drift.ashore=now ‘(Coyote) drifts ashore.’ 403 huy əy’dubəxʷ ə ti ə caadi əy’–dxʷ–b=axʷ find–DC–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
caadi
PROX
they
‘Then he is found by those (women).’ 404
ubəstubəxʷ ti i qʷiqʷ ay ul ubə–stxʷ–b=axʷ go.inland–ECS–PASS=now adad magpie
i CONJ
ə ti ə
i adad i tsi i wi wi
ti i
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
DIST
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
tsi i
wi wi
DIST:FEM
snipe
ə PR
‘The little wooden dish is taken up the bank by Magpie and Snipe.’
__________ 5
The storytelling is interrupted here as the tape reel runs out.
ti ə PROX
i CONJ
Martha Williams Lamont
501
405 huy gʷəl cutəbəxʷ huy
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
‘And then it is spoken,’ 406
uha
kʷi səxʷcildxʷ ə
u=ha IRR=good
ə
kʷi
səxʷ–cili–dxʷ
REM
INSTR–supported–DC
1PL.PO
‘ “Our means of serving food (with this) will be good.” ’ 407 hay atəb ə kʷi dəxʷ atəbs ti ə ha hay
a–t–b
SCONJ
ə
be.there–ICS–PASS
PR
sq’itbid tasq’ʷəladuptub s ə əds s uladxʷ
kʷi
dəxʷ= a–t–b=s
ti ə
REM
ADNM=be.there–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
ha
s–q’itbid
tu= as–q’ʷəl•adup–txʷ–b
s ə əd–s
good
NP–store.food
PAST=STAT–cooked•land–ECS–PASS
food–3PO
s uladxʷ salmon ‘So, this nice stored food, their food that was baked in the ground, the salmon, was put there where it was put.’ 408 huy bə u ʷ ti i ƛ’uciqʷ əlgʷə
ə kʷədi stab
huy
bə= u ʷ
ti i
ƛ’u=ciqʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
ADD=go
DIST
HAB=dig.roots
PL
ə PR
kʷədi
stab
REM.DMA
what
‘Then they go again to root-dig for those things.’ 409 bə il bə= il ADD=arrive
‘They come back again.’ 410 tiləb ləkʷəd ad tsi ə qʷiqʷ ay ul tiləb
lə=kʷəda–t
tsi ə
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
immediately
PROG=taken–ICS
PROX:FEM
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘Right away they take this little wooden dish.’ 411 gʷəl ləcutəb gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
‘And it is spoken,’
502
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
412 di udəxʷ ə əd s ti i tu d əxʷciltubs di
u=dəxʷ= ə əd=s IRR=ADNM=feed.on=3PO
FOC
ti i
tu=dəxʷ=cili–txʷ–b=s
DIST
PAST=ADNM=supported–ECS–PASS=3PO
‘ “What (the food) was dished up on is where one will eat.’ 413 huy ha huy
ha
SCONJ
good
‘ “That is good.” ’ 414 bəxʷiˑ kʷsi gʷəbəstab gʷəbə a bə=xʷi
kʷsi
gʷə=bə=stab
gʷə=bə= a
ADD=NEG
REM:FEM
SBJ=ADD=what
SBJ=ADD=be.there
‘Again there was nothing there.’ 415 hay tsi si ab hay ay hay
tsi
si ab
hay
ay
SCONJ
SPEC:FEM
noble
SCONJ
INTJ
‘ “Oh, Lady. Oh, my!’ 416 bəxʷi əxʷ ti i ƛ’udsəsq’ʷəladup s ə əd bə=xʷi =axʷ
ti i
ƛ’u=d=s= as–q’ʷəl•adup
s ə əd
ADD=NEG=now
DIST
HAB=1SG.PO=NM=STAT–cooked•land
food
‘ “Again the food which I baked in the ground is gone.” ’ 417 xʷi xʷi NEG
al tsi ə stab qʷiqʷ ay ul al tsi ə at
PROX:FEM
stab
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
what
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘There is nothing on this, whatsits, little wooden dish.’ 418 bə ayitəb sixʷ bə= a–yi–t–b
sixʷ
ADD=be.there–DAT–ICS–PASS
PTCL
‘Again it is put there.’ 419 bəq’ʷəltəb ti ə s ə əd bə=q’ʷəl–t–b
ti ə
s ə əd
ADD=cooked–ICS–PASS
PROX
food
‘Again this food is cooked.’
Martha Williams Lamont
503
420 gʷəl tubəcil i təb ə ti i yaw’ ha gʷəl
tu=bə=cili–t–b
SCONJ
PAST=ADD=supported–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
yaw’
ha
PR
DIST
only.if
good
‘And it is dished up really nicely.’ 421 bəxʷi xʷi ilu əlgʷə bə=xʷi xʷi –ilu
əlgʷə
ADD=hunt–PRPV
PL
‘Again they go to gather food.’ 422 bə u ʷ bə= u ʷ ADD=go
‘They go again.’ 423 huy ƛ’utab əlgʷə
ə kʷədi ƛ’udəxʷuxʷi xʷi s
huy
ƛ’u= u–taba
əlgʷə
SCONJ
HAB=PFV–do
PL
ə PR
kʷədi
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u–xʷi xʷi =s
REM.DMA
HAB=ADNM=PFV–hunt=3PO
‘Then they would do it (i.e., forage) off there where they gather food.’ 424 bə is əlgʷə bə= il–s
əlgʷə
ADD=arrive–ALTV
PL
‘They come back again.’ 425 bəxʷi ti s ə əds bə=xʷi
ti
s ə əd–s
ADD=NEG
SPEC
food–3PO
‘Again their food is gone.’ 426 kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə qʷiqʷ ay ul kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
qʷi–qʷ ay •ul
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘The little wooden dish is taken.’ 427 huy šədᶻaltubəxʷ ə tsi ə dii ’u huy šədᶻal–txʷ–b=axʷ SCONJ
go.outdoors–ECS–PASS=now
ə PR
‘Then this one (woman) takes it outside.’
tsi ə
dii ’u
PROX:FEM
one:HMN
504
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
428 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
‘She is saying,’ 429 tustabəxʷ dᶻə kʷi tuqʷiqʷ ay ul tudšə dəxʷuq’itbid s ə əd tu=stab=axʷ dᶻə kʷi tu=qʷi–qʷ ay• ul PAST=what=now
PTCL
PAST=ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
REM
tu=d=s=šə
dəxʷ= u–q’it–bi–t
s ə əd
PAST=1SG.PO=NM=make
ADNM=PFV–store–MAP–ICS
food
‘ “What must that little wooden dish that I made into a place for putting food have been?’ 430
ʷul’ lələk’ʷtəb kʷi tudsutab ʷul’ lə=lək’ʷ–t–b only
PROG=eaten–ICS–PASS
kʷi
tu=d=s= u–taba
REM
PAST=1SG.PO=NM=PFV–do
‘ “What I make simply gets eaten.’ 431 ƛ’astətagʷəxʷ ə ƛ’u= as–tə–tagʷəxʷ
ə
HAB=STAT–PL–hungry
1PL.SUB
‘ “We are hungry.” ’ 432 biƛ’itəbəxʷ al ti i
’ƛ’a
biƛ’i–t–b=axʷ
al ti i
crushed–ICS–PASS=now
at
DIST
’ƛ’a stone
‘She smashes it on a rock.’ 433 gʷəl (h)uy tab di i sbiƛ’ils s ə ə s gʷəl
huy
taba di i
s=biƛ’i–il=s
s= ə –ə =s
SCONJ
SCONJ
do
NM=crushed–INCH=3PO
NM=INTNS–split=3PO
suddenly
‘And then, it happens, as soon as it is smashed and broken to many pieces,’ 434 gʷəl ləcut gʷəl
lə=cut
SCONJ
PROG=say
‘Then it says,’
Martha Williams Lamont
435
505
əwə a wə a əwə a wə a waa
waa
‘ “Waaa, waaa.’ 436
ʷəl’əxʷ əd ušušuq’ʷa ləp ʷəl’=axʷ only=now
əd
u=šu–šuq’ʷa –ləp
1SG.SUB
IRR=ATTN–younger.sibling–2PL.PO
‘ “I will just be the little younger brother of you guys.’ 437
əwə a əwə a waa ‘ “Waaa.” ’
438 bəmima ədəxʷ bə ’a ’as bə=mima əd=axʷ
bə= ’a ’as
ADD=small=now
ADD=child
‘This time around (Coyote) is now a small child.’ 439 bas i qəxʷ bə= as– i– əq=axʷ ADD=STAT–ATTN–wrapped=now
‘He is swaddled.’ 440 hay tsi si ab hay hay hay
tsi
si ab
hay
hay
SCONJ
SPEC:FEM
noble
SCONJ
SCONJ
‘ “Oh, Lady! Oh, oh.’ 441 kʷədad t(i) adsu suq’ʷa kʷəda–t
ti
ad–su –suq’ʷa
taken–ICS
SPEC
2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling
‘ “Take your little younger brother.’ 442 kʷədad əxʷ kʷəda–t taken–ICS
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
‘ “You take him.’
506
443
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
əqəd q–t wrapped–ICS ‘ “Swaddle him.’
444
əqəd ha ha
q–t wrapped–ICS
good
‘ “Swaddle him well.’ 445 gʷə albiw’ ə ti i gʷə= albiw’
ə
SBJ=stay.with.in.laws
ti i
1PL.SUB
DIST
‘ “He could stay with us.” ’ 446 dii ’u tsi ə
ə ti tiləb ƛ’u iid
dii ’u
tsi ə
ə ‿ti
one:HMN
PROX:FEM
seemingly
tiləb
ƛ’u= ii–t
immediately
HAB=catch.on–ICS
‘It seems that one of these women caught on right away.’ 447 xʷi kʷi səsaydxʷs gʷəsəsk’ʷə cuts xʷi
kʷi
s= as–hay–dxʷ=s
gʷə=s= as–k’ʷə –t–sut=s
NEG
REM
NM=STAT–known–DC=3PO
SBJ=NM=STAT–wild–ICS–REFL=3PO
‘(The other one) did not know that she should be leery.’ 448 gʷəl dii ’u tsi ə ƛ’ucuuc … gʷəl
dii ’u
tsi ə
ƛ’u=cut–c
SCONJ
one:HMN
PROX:FEM
HAB=say–ALTV
‘And the first one would say to her ...,’ 449
əsdukʷildxʷ. as–dukʷu–il–dxʷ STAT–abnormal–INCH–DC
‘She does not completely trust him.’ 450 gʷəl tu ʷ (h)uy kʷədad gʷəl
tu ʷ
huy
kʷəda–t
SCONJ
just
SCONJ
take–ICS
‘But nonetheless, “Take him!’
Martha Williams Lamont
507
451 šuuc šu –c see–ALTV ‘ “Look after him.’ 452
əqəd q–t wrapped–ICS ‘ “Swaddle him.” ’
453 gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ gʷəl
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
‘And he is taken.’ 454 gʷəl huyitəbəxʷ ə ti dəxʷskəki s gʷəl
huyu–yi–t–b=axʷ
ə
SCONJ
made–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti
dəxʷ=skəki =s
SPEC
ADNM=cradleboard=3PO
‘And a cradleboard is made for him.’ 455 gʷəl qtbaxʷ ti ə gʷəl SCONJ
’a ’as
q–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
wrapped–ICS–PASS=now
’a ’as child
PROX
‘And this child is swaddled.’ 456 mima əd bə ’a ’asəxʷ ti ə tuqʷiqʷ ay ul mi–ma əd
bə= ’a ’as=axʷ
ti ə
tu=qʷi–qʷ ay• ul
ATTN–small
ADD=child=now
PROX
PAST=ATTN–wooden.dish•belly
‘This former little wooden dish is now a little child.’ 457 gʷa( ) di i ti ə sbiaw ti ə ləhuyucut gʷa
di –i
ti ə
sbiaw
ti ə
lə=huyu–t–sut
INTJ
INTNS–FOC
PROX
coyote
PROX
PROG=made–ICS–REFL
‘But it is this very Coyote who has made himself over.’ 458 hay gʷəl atubəxʷ hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
a–txʷ–b=axʷ be.there–ECS–PASS=now
‘And so he is put there.’
508
459
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
əscqʷu tubəxʷ ti ə bib a əd as–cqʷu –txʷ–b=axʷ STAT–post–ECS–PASS=now
’a ’as əskəki i ti ə
biba əd
PROX
small
’a ’as child
as–kəki •i STAT–cradleboard•child
‘This small, cradleboarded child is hung on a post.’ 460 šu u u t(i) adsu suq’ʷa šu u u
ti
ad–su –suq’ʷa
INTJ
SPEC
2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling
‘ “Ah, your little younger brother.” ’ 461 labəxʷ ƛ’utitəliq’ʷəbəxʷ həla b=axʷ
ƛ’u= u–titəliq’ʷəb=axʷ
really=now
HAB=PFV–cute=now
‘He would be really cute.’ 462
abyitəb ə kʷədi stab suc’uqʷ u təbs tul’ al ti ə cədi stab s uladxʷ ab–yi–t–b
ə
extend–DAT–ICS–PASS
PR
kʷədi
stab
s= u–c’uqʷu–t–b=s
REM.DMA
what
NM=PFV–sucked–ICS–PASS=3PO
tul’– al
ti ə
cədi
stab
s uladxʷ
CNTRFG–at
PROX
s/he
what
salmon
‘He is given something from a salmon to suck on.’ 463 bə uq’ʷəlb as bə u ʷ bə= u=q’ʷəl–b=as
bə= u ʷ
ADD=IRR=cooked–CSMD=3SBRD
ADD=go
‘When they cook again, they go again.’ 464 lab ha əxʷ stal əxʷ həla b
ha =axʷ
s=tal =axʷ
really
good=now
NM=able=now
‘(The baby) is really nicely capable now.’ 465 bə a ƛ’u əgʷəldub ti ə sbiaw bə= a
ƛ’u= əgʷəl–dxʷ–b
ti ə
sbiaw
ADD=be.there
HAB=leave–DC–PASS
PROX
coyote
‘Again Coyote would be left alone.’ 466 gʷəl ƛ’ugʷə agʷil gʷəl
ƛ’u=gʷə a–agʷil
SCONJ
HAB=untied–AUTO
‘And he would get untied.’
Martha Williams Lamont
509
467 gʷəl kʷukʷcut ə ti i s ə əd gʷəl
kʷukʷcut
SCONJ
cook
ə
ti i
s ə əd
PR
DIST
food
‘And he would cook himself that food.’ 468 gʷəl ulək’ʷəd ti i s ə əd gʷəl SCONJ
u=lək’ʷ–t IRR=eaten–ICS
ti i
s ə əd
DIST
food
‘And he will eat that food.’ 469 hay gʷəl ubək’ʷildxʷ ti i s ə əd hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=bək’ʷ–il–dxʷ
ti i
s ə əd
IRR=all–INCH–DC
DIST
food
‘And so that food will be polished off.’ 470 hay gʷəl ubə u ʷ hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=bə= u ʷ IRR=ADD=go
‘And he will go again.’ 471 gʷəl ubə qagʷil al ti i skəki gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə= q–agʷil
al ti i
IRR=ADD=wrapped–AUTO
at
DIST
skəki cradleboard
‘And again he will tie himself into the cradleboard.’ 472 gʷəl ubə ahəxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
u=bə= a=axʷ IRR=ADD=be.there=now
‘And he will be there again.’ 473 bascicqʷu əxʷ bə= as–ci–cqʷu =axʷ ADD=STAT–ATTN–post=now
‘And again it is sort of upright.’ 474 lil u xʷ ti i caadi səxʷs ulə s lil
u xʷ
ti i
caadi
səxʷs ulə –s
far
PTCL
DIST
they
foraging.territory–3PO
‘Those women are still far away in their foraging territory.’
510
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
475 gʷəl utiliq’ʷəbəxʷ gʷəl
utiliq’ʷəbəxʷ
SCONJ
[??]
‘And ...’ 476 huyucutəxʷ ʷul’ab ə ti i ƛ’uhiha ʷul’ab
huyu–t–sut=axʷ
made–ICS–REFL=now same.way
ƛ’u ’a ’as ƛ’as i q ƛ’ubas axʷ ə
ti i
ƛ’u=hi–ha
ƛ’u= ’a ’as
PR
DIST
HAB=ATTN–good
HAB=child
ƛ’u= as– i– əq
ƛ’u=bə= as– ə =axʷ
HAB=STAT–ATTN–wrapped
HAB=ADD=STAT–mind=now
‘He would make himself into a good little child, swaddled, behaving himself.’ 477 huy yuhud t(i) adsu suq’ʷa huy
yuhu–t
ti
ad–su –suq’ʷa
SCONJ
aware–ICS
SPEC
2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling
‘Then, “Notice your little younger brother.’ 478 la bəxʷ ha
stal əxʷ
həla b=axʷ
ha
stal =axʷ
really=now
good
capable.person=now
‘ “Now he is really a very capable one.” ’ 479 gʷəl ləcutəb ə tsi ə cədi gʷəl
lə=cut–t–b
SCONJ
PROG=say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
tsi ə
cədi
PROX:FEM
s/he
‘But it is spoken by her,’ 480 xʷi əxʷ sixʷ ti tus ə əd ə xʷi =axʷ
sixʷ
ti
tu=s ə əd
NEG=now
PTCL
SPEC
PAST=food
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “Again our food is gone!’ 481 xʷi əxʷ ti i tuha
tul’ al tə a tubastab
xʷi =axʷ
ti i
tu=ha
tul’– al
tə
NEG=now
DIST
PAST=good
CNTRFG–at
NSPEC
tu=bə= as–stab PAST=ADD=STAT–what
‘ “The good things that were from there are gone.’
a be.there
Martha Williams Lamont
511
482 di əxʷ stabəxʷ kʷi gʷə a di =axʷ
stab=axʷ
kʷi
gʷə= a
other.side=now
what=now
REM
SBJ=be.there
‘ “There is nothing there.’ 483 stabəxʷ kʷədi
ulək’ʷyitubu
stab=axʷ
kʷədi
u–lək’ʷ–yi–t–ubu
what=now
REM.DMA
PFV–EAT–DAT–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “What eats (our food) from us?’ 484 stabəxʷ stab=axʷ what=now ‘ “What?” ’ 485
ay əšuuc t(i) adsu suq’ʷa ay
as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV
INTJ
ti
ad–su –suq’ʷa
SPEC
2SG.PO–ATTN–younger.sibling
‘ “Oh, look at your little younger brother.’ 486
əšuuc as–šuu–c STAT–see–ALTV
‘ “Look at him!” ’ 487 huy bəgʷa ʷ əlgʷə huy SCONJ
aləxʷ kʷi cədi tusaydxʷsəxʷ əlgʷə
bə=gʷa ʷ
əlgʷə
ADD=walk
PL
al=axʷ at=now
kʷi
cədi
REM
s/he
tu=s=hay–dxʷ=s=axʷ
əlgʷə
PAST=NM=known–DC=3PO=now
PL
‘Then they walk away when they had it figured out.’ 488 di əw’ə ti ə cədi gədu ti ə
uqada ilbəxʷ ə ti tus ə əds
di
əw’ə
ti ə
cədi
gədu
ti ə
FOC
PTCL
PROX
s/he
so.and.so
PROX
ti
tu=s ə əd–s
SPEC
PAST=food–3PO
u–qada –il–b=axʷ PFV–steal–INCH–MD=now
‘Indeed, it is this so-and-so who has been stealing their former food.’
ə PR
512
Coyote’s Son Had Two Wives
489 gʷəl əs aləxʷ həw’ə kʷi tushuys əlgʷə gʷəl SCONJ
as– al=axʷ STAT–how=now
həw’ə
kʷi
tu=s=huyu=s
əlgʷə
PTCL
REM
PAST=NM=made=3PO
PL
‘But how do they deal with it?’ 490 di əw’ə tušac’səxʷ xʷu ələ di
əw’ə
tu=šac’–s=axʷ
xʷu ələ
FOC
PTCL
PAST=end–3PO=now
maybe
‘That I guess is the end of him.’ 491 xʷi ləhaac ə ti ti i xʷi
lə=haac
NEG
NEGP=long
ə ‿ti seemingly
‘That sort (of story) is not long.’
ti i DIST
2 Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise 1875-1969
Lizzie cleaning fish for a tribal gathering, probably in the 1940s. Photo courtesy of Cal Taylor.
A firm believer that it takes a village to raise a child, Lizzie Krise played an active role in helping to raise many children at Tulalip.1 Frieda Williams, herself a grandmother now, remembers that one day when she was a small child, she was out walking with her father and Lizzie came up to them. “This child is old enough to know right from wrong,” Lizzie told Frieda’s father, and from that time on, Lizzie took Frieda to church each week and then home for __________ 1
This introduction combines the memories of the late George Taylor, the George Taylor family, the late Thom Hess, Frieda Williams, and Rebecca Posey.
514
Chapter 2
Sunday dinner afterwards. Because she was often feeding more kids than there was room for at the dining table, Lizzie had someone make child-sized tables and chairs for the others. Frieda still pictures Lizzie, who was about four-and-a-half feet tall, walking up to her father, who was over six feet tall, and borrowing his child. The late George Taylor, Lizzie’s grandson, recalled that when he was about eleven, Lizzie returned from a trip to the other side of the mountains with a shotgun for him. She took him out to teach him how to hunt, and taught him how to hang up his game on a forked stick and return to collect it later. The first thing he shot was a robin. That night in the kitchen, George saw Lizzie plucking and cleaning the robin. “What are you doing, grandma?” he asked. “I am getting this robin ready to cook,” she told him. “You don’t shoot anything you aren’t going to eat.” Lizzie fed the children from her own garden. She kept rabbits and chickens, and later added a goat, when she heard that goat’s milk could help prevent tuberculosis. At every gathering you could find her in the kitchen. Experiencing life as a series of teachable moments, she was herself an embodiment of all teachings. It was to Lizzie that the tribal chairman recommended the young linguistics student Thom Hess when he first came to Tulalip. Lizzie had the courage to take a chance on working with this young man who appeared out of the blue, and her decision set in motion the preservation of our language. The recordings that Thom Hess made with Lizzie are still in use in our Lushootseed classrooms today. Her gentle voice and laughter testify to a warm working relationship, and she takes pains to speak slowly, as though she could envision all the young ears that would be trying to follow her speech down through the decades. Through Lizzie, Thom was introduced to the two people who became his greatest advisers and teachers, Martha and Levi Lamont. Lizzie’s descendants are the George Taylor family and the Ron Kona family, as well as all the tribal members who have benefited from her legacy.
Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise
Lizzie Krise and her granddaughter Virginia Weeks in the 1960s. Photo courtesy of Cal Taylor.
515
516
Lady Louse
Lady Louse as told by Elizabeth Krise1 First Version 1
əs a lil kʷsi bš ’ad al tə hiˑkʷ al al as– a lil STAT–live
kʷsi
bš ’ad
REM:FEM
louse
al at
tə
hikʷ
al al
NSPEC
big
house
‘Louse lives in a big house.’ 2
day’ay’ day’–ay’ DSTR–uniquely
‘Alone.’ 3
xʷi kʷi gʷə i iišəds xʷi
kʷi
gʷə= i– iišəd–s
NEG
REM
SBJ=RDP–relatives–3PO
‘She has no relatives.’ 4
kʷədadəxʷ kʷəda–t=axʷ taken–ICS=now ‘Oh, she takes it.’
5
gʷəl iq’ʷidəxʷ ti ə gʷəl SCONJ
al als
iq’ʷi–t=axʷ sweep–ICS=now
ti ə PROX
al al–s house–3PO
‘And she sweeps her house.’ 6
qa s ’iq’ʷil qa
s= ’iq’ʷ–il
many
NM=dirty–INCH
‘It is really dirty.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, August 1962, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess; further redaction by Thom Hess. The story is recorded twice in succession on the tape; a “complete” version of the story was created at a later date for pedagogical purposes largely by amalgamating line 6 of the first version into the second. This version was popularized by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert and published as part of Lady Louse Lived There (Hilbert 1996).
Elizabeth Charles (Charley) Krise
7
517
huy ʷil’əxʷ huy
ʷil’=axʷ lost=now
SCONJ
‘She gets lost.’ 8
That’s the end of it.
Second Version 1
əs a lil tsi bš ’ad al tə hiˑkʷ al al as– a lil STAT–live
tsi
bš ’ad
SPEC:FEM
louse
al at
tə
hikʷ
al al
NSPEC
big
house
‘Louse lives in a big house.’ 2
day’ay’ day’–ay’ DSTR–uniquely
‘Alone.’ 3
xʷi kʷi gʷəsya ya s xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=ya ya –s
NEG
REM
SBJ=relative–3PO
‘She has no relatives.’ 4
huy gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ huy
gʷəl
kʷəda–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS=now
‘And then she takes it.’ 5
gʷəl iq’ʷidəxʷ ti ə hikʷ al al gʷəl SCONJ
iq’ʷi–t=axʷ sweep–ICS=now
ti ə
hikʷ
al al
PROX
big
house
‘And she sweeps the big house.’ 6
ʷul’əxʷ u udəgʷiǰiləxʷ al ti i ʷul’=axʷ only=now
al al
u– udəgʷ•i –il=axʷ PFV–centre•covering–INCH=now
‘She gets only to the middle of the house.’
al ti i at
DIST
al al house
518
7
Lady Louse
huy ʷil’əxʷ huy SCONJ
ʷil’=axʷ lost=now
‘She gets lost.’ 8
šəbšuˑb bš ’aˑd šəb–šub
bš ’ad
DSTR–disappear
louse
‘Louse disappears.’ 9
That’s the end.
3 ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam 1907-1973
Hagan, in his mother’s arms, looks at his grandparents, sʔadacut and k’ʷuyaɬ. In the chair is his older brother Alfred. Photo courtesy of Virginia Carpenter.
Lushootseed learners at Tulalip are familiar with the photograph of Hagan Sam that they see at the beginning of their first book of Lushootseed stories: he appears as a white-haired elder in a Sunday suit, Bible under his arm, standing by his wife Ethel and posing for a photograph on their way to or from the Shaker Church.1 Hagan is also one of the first Lushootseed speakers they hear, as he tells on tape the stories transcribed in the present volume. He __________ 1
This introduction combines the memories of William (Sonny) Sam, the late Thom Hess, the late Marya Moses, and Hank Gobin.
520
Chapter 3
is a modern man and an ancient man, and it is hard not to think of him as almost two separate beings. We wonder what it must have been like to be all at once the descendant of a line of tribal leaders whose known history extends back into the mists of time, a virtuoso of a traditional verbal art, a Shaker healer, a logger, a fisherman, a driver of horses across the mountains, a practical joker, a singer of Country Western songs in demand at local fairs and on the radio, and an enthusiastic buyer of new cars. He shares with his generation the mindaltering transition from a life imbued with tradition to a life in which tradition must be sought out. The photograph of Hagan as a baby on the previous page gives a sense of the antiquity and importance of his family. A story is told about the encounter between one of his ancestors and a prehistoric water being. The story illustrates how far back the Snohomish presence along this part of the coast extends. One of his ancestors was a hereditary leader of the main Snohomish village in the 1820s or ’30s, when the only known tsunami to have occurred in Puget Sound killed large numbers of Snohomish people. Hagan’s grandfather sʔadacut was a traditional healer whose work among the community is talked about even today. His father, Casimir, was a celebrated storyteller, against whose memory our storytellers are still measured. The child sitting in the chair grew up to provide testimony in federal court that helped secure tribal fishing rights and illuminate for succeeding generations the importance of the Killer Whale for the people of Tulalip. In the work that he did with Thom Hess, Hagan Sam carried on his family’s work of upholding traditional culture and being of use to the community. The language of his tellings he kept relatively simple for beginners, but in doing so he did not betray the high art of which he was a master. These tellings abound in examples of the narrative strategies that have kept the Lushootseed story community alert and alive through the centuries.
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
Hagan Sam in the 1920s. Photo courtesy of George and Mae Williams.
521
522
Black Bear and Ant
Black Bear and Ant as told by Edward Sam1 1
hay a ti ə syəyəhub ə ti i s ətxʷəd i tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay
a be.there
SCONJ
ti ə
syəyəhub
PROX
legend
ə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
PR
DIST
bear
i CONJ
tsi i DIST:FEM
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd ant ‘So, here is a traditional story about Black Bear and Ant.’ 2
ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl ʷuˑl’ ƛ’u ibibəš ʷul’ ƛ’u= ib– ibəš
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
gʷəl
PROX
bear
SCONJ
only
HAB=DSTR–travel
‘This Black Bear, he would just wander around.’ 3
ʷuˑl’ ƛ’u ibibəš ʷul’ ƛ’u= ib– ibəš only
HAB=DSTR–travel
‘He would just wander around.’ 4
gʷəl tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəl dᶻəgʷa dxʷ ulus gʷəl
tsi i
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
gʷəl
dᶻəgʷa
dxʷ ulus
SCONJ
DIST:FEM
ant
SCONJ
expert
steady.worker
‘And Ant, she is an expert, hard-worker.’ 5
hay aliləxʷ əd ti ə s ətxʷəd hay SCONJ
al–il=axʷ at–INCH=now
əd 1SG.SUB
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘And so, I come to Black Bear.’ 6
ƛ’iqagʷiləxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd tul’ al ti i
al als
ƛ’iqi–agʷil=axʷ
ti i
s ətxʷəd
tul’– al
ti i
emerge–AUTO=now
DIST
bear
CNTRFG–at
DIST
al al–s house–3PO
‘Black Bear comes out of his house,’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 26 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
7
ti i
523
al als ƛ’udəxʷ u ʷs al ti i pədt’əs
ti i DIST
al al–s
ƛ’u=dəxʷ= u ʷ=s
house–3PO
al ti i
HAB=ADNM=go=3PO
at
DIST
pədt’əs winter
‘His house where he would go in the winter.’ 8
ƛ’iqagʷil ti i s ətxʷəd ƛ’iqi–agʷil
ti i
s ətxʷəd
emerge–AUTO
DIST
bear
‘Black Bear comes out.’ 9
huy ibibəšəxʷ huy SCONJ
ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now
‘Then he wanders around.’ 10
ibibəšəxʷ ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now
‘He wanders around.’ 11 gʷə ’əbaxʷ gʷə ’a–b=axʷ search–CSMD=now ‘He is looking for (food).’ 12 stab kʷi gʷəsu ə əds stab
kʷi
gʷə=s= u– ə əd=s
what
REM
SBJ=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
‘What could he eat?’ 13 gʷəl a kʷa tsi ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəl SCONJ
a be.there
kʷa
tsi
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
PTCL
SPEC:FEM
ant
‘And, of course, there is Ant.’ 14 ləcuyayus ləcuyayus ləcuyayus ck’ʷaqid ləcuyayus ləcu–yayus
ləcu–yayus
ləcu–yayus
ck’ʷaqid ləcu–yayus
CONT–work
CONT–work
CONT–work
always
‘She is working, working, working, always working.’
CONT–work
524
15
Black Bear and Ant
uq’ʷu əd ti i stab gʷədəxʷəli is əlgʷə
udəxʷu ə əds stab gʷədəxʷu ə əds
əlgʷə stab gʷu əy’dxʷ u–q’ʷu –t PFV–gathered–ICS
ti i
stab
gʷə=dəxʷ=həli –il–s=s
DIST
what
SBJ=ADNM=alive–INCH–ALTV=3PO
u=dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s IRR=ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
stab
gʷə= u– əy’–dxʷ
what
SBJ=PFV–find–DC
əlgʷə PL
stab
gʷə=dəxʷ= u– ə əd=s
əlgʷə
what
ADNM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
‘She gathers whatever they live on, so they can eat, anything so they can eat, whatever she can find.’ 16 ləcuq’ʷu əd əlgʷə ti i s ə əds ləcu–q’ʷu –t
əlgʷə
ti i
s ə əd–s
CONT–gathered–ICS
PL
DIST
food–3PO
‘She is gathering their food.’ 17 gʷəl ƛ’u a ild əlgʷə
udəxʷ as kʷi stab us u ə əds əlgʷə
gʷəl
ƛ’u= a –il–t
əlgʷə
ti i
SCONJ
HAB=be.there–INCH–ICS
PL
DIST
stab what
u=s= u– ə əd=s
u=dəxʷ= a=s
kʷi
IRR=ADNM=be.there=3PO
əlgʷə
IRR=NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
PL
‘And they always put it away so there will be something for them to eat.’ 18
a kʷa ti ə s ətxʷəd a be.there
kʷa
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PTCL
PROX
bear
‘Of course, there is Black Bear.’ 19
ʷul’ ləcu ibibəš ʷul’ only
ləcu– ib–ibəš CONT–DIM.EFF–travel
‘He is just wandering around.’ 20
ʷul’ ləcu i adəb ə ti ə sq’ʷəla əd ə ti i ƛ’usq’ʷəls ʷul’ ləcu– i ad–b only
CONT–eat.as.ripens–MD
ə PR
ti ə
sq’ʷəla əd
PROX
berry
ƛ’u=s=q’ʷəl=s HAB=NM=cooked=3PO
‘He is just eating berries as they ripen.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
REM
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
21
525
aˑ gʷəl ƛ’ubə axʷ ti i s ətxʷəd a INTJ
gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə =axʷ
ti i
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
HAB=full=now
DIST
bear
‘And then Black Bear always gets full.’ 22 puˑtəxʷ ƛ’asbə put=axʷ
ƛ’u= as–bə
really=now
HAB=STAT–full
‘He is always really full.’ 23 hay gʷəl ƛ’u u ʷəxʷ hay
gʷəl
ƛ’u= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=go=now
‘So he always goes now.’ 24 gʷəl ƛ’udxʷpakʷahəbəxʷ gʷəl
ƛ’u=dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b=axʷ
SCONJ
HAB=CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD=now
‘And he always lies with his rear up.’ 25 hay gʷəl ƛ’u itutəxʷ hay
gʷəl
ƛ’u= itut=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=sleep=now
‘And so he always sleeps.’ 26 huy aƛ’iləxʷ t s i ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd i ti i s ətxʷəd huy SCONJ
aƛ’il=axʷ argue=now
tsi ə
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
PROX:FEM
ant
i CONJ
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
‘Then Ant and Black Bear argue.’ 27
aƛ’iləxʷ əlgʷə aƛ’il=axʷ argue=now
əlgʷə PL
‘They argue.’ 28 huy q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i bək’ʷa kʷbixʷ huy
q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ
ti i
bək’ʷ•a kʷ•bixʷ
SCONJ
gathered–ICS–PASS=now
DIST
all•group•cluster
‘And so, everyone is gathered.’
526
29
Black Bear and Ant
səs q’ʷu s əlgʷə s= as–q’ʷu =s
əlgʷə
NM=STAT–gathered=3PO
PL
‘They gather.’ 30 q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i i si i ab q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ
ti –i i
si –i ab
gathered–ICS–PASS=now
PL–DIST
PL–noble
‘The high-ranking people are gathered.’ 31 gʷəl huy gʷadadgʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷəgʷatəs kʷ(i) uc’əlalikʷ gʷəl
huy
gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ
əlgʷə
gʷə=gʷat=as
kʷi
SCONJ
SCONJ
DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now
PL
SBJ=who=3SBRD
REM
u=c’əl–alikʷ IRR=win–ACT
‘And then they discuss who the winner will be.’ 32
wiliq’ʷitəbəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd gʷəs aləs kʷi ə s wiliq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ
tsi ə
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
gʷə= as– al=as
kʷi
ask–ICS–PASS=now
PROX:FEM
ant
SBJ=STAT–how=3SBRD
REM
ə –s mind–3PO ‘Ant is asked what is on her mind.’ 33 huy cutəxʷ huy
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
‘So she sings,’ 34
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 35
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
36
527
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 37
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 38
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 39
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 40 weˑ xʷe eˑ eˑ weˑ xʷe eˑ ‘♪ “Weee xʷe eee eee weee xʷe eee , ♪’ 41
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 42
a il gʷəl bələ il a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 43
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 44 weˑ eˑ heˑ eˑ heˑ e he ‘♪ “Wee ee hee ee hee e he.” ♪’
528
Black Bear and Ant
45 gʷəl əs al ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl SCONJ
as– al STAT–how
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘And how about Black Bear?’ 46
ʷul’ əxʷpakʷ(ah)əb ti i s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only
as–dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b STAT–CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
‘Black Bear is just lying there with his rear up.’ 47
ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷpusəb ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=bə=xʷpusəb HAB=ADD=lift.head.up
‘He always just lifts his head up.’ 48 gʷəl ƛ’ubəcut gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=cut
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=say
‘And he says,’ 49 dukʷəlaˑdxʷ gʷəl ubələ iˑl. dukʷəladxʷ
gʷəl
next.year
SCONJ
u=bə=lə –il IRR=ADD=light–INCH
‘ “Next year there will be another day.” ’ 50 di day’ ƛ’uscut ə ti i s ətxʷəd di
day’
ƛ’u=s=cut
FOC
uniquely
IRR=NM=say
ə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
PR
DIST
bear
‘That is all Black Bear would say.’ 51 huy əsqʷic’ huy SCONJ
as–qʷic’ STAT–lazy
‘Because he is so lazy.’ 52 haˑy gʷəl tadᶻ xʷul’əxʷ tubətadᶻ tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay
gʷəl
tadᶻ
xʷul’=axʷ
tu=bə=tadᶻ
tsi i
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
dance
only=now
PAST=ADD=dance
DIST:FEM
ant
‘So then Ant dances, she just danced again.’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
529
53 puˑtəxʷ tubəƛ’ac’ahəb tsi i ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd put=axʷ
tu=bə=ƛ’ac’•ah–b
tsi i
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
really=now
PAST=ADD=cinch•bottom–MD
DIST:FEM
ant
‘Ant vigorously cinched up her waist.’ 54
ʷul’ ƛ’ubəxʷpusəb ti ə s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=bə=xʷpusəb
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
HAB=ADD=lift.head.up
PROX
bear
‘Black Bear always just lifts up his head.’ 55 gʷəl ƛ’ubəcut gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=cut
SCONJ
HAB=ADD=say
‘And he always says again,’ 56 dukʷəlaˑdxʷ gʷəl ubələ iˑl. dukʷəladxʷ
gʷəl
u=bə=lə –il
next.year
SCONJ
IRR=ADD=light–INCH
‘ “Next year there will be another day.” ’ 57 di day’ ƛ’uscut ə ti i s ətxʷəd di
day’
ƛ’u=s=cut
FOC
uniquely
IRR=NM=say
ə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
PR
DIST
bear
‘That is all Black Bear would say.’ 58 hay putəxʷ ƛ’ubət’ilib tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd. hay
put=axʷ
ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib
tsi ə
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
SCONJ
really=now
HAB=ADD=sing
PROX:FEM
ant
‘So Ant really sings.’ 59
ʷuˑl’əxʷ ƛ’ubət’ilib ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib HAB=ADD=sing
‘She always just sings.’ 60 puˑtəxʷ ƛ’ubəƛ’ac’ahəb put=axʷ
ƛ’u=bə=ƛ’ac’•ah–b
really=now
IRR=ADD=cinch•bottom–MD
‘She always really cinches up her waist.’
530
Black Bear and Ant
61 hay gʷəl ƛ’ubət’ilibəxʷ hay
gʷəl
ƛ’u=bə=t’ilib=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
IRR=ADD=sing=now
‘And so, she would sing again.’ 62
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 63
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl. a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 64
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 65
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 66
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 67 haˑy ʷeˑ eyaˑ ʷeˑ e haˑwəˑl ʷeˑ e haˑ əˑ əˑ haˑ ehaˑwuˑ ‘♪ “Haay ʷee eyaa ʷee e haawəəl ʷee e haa əə əə haa ehaawuu, ♪’ 68
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 69
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
70
531
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 71 he eheˑ ‘♪ “He eheee.” ♪’ 72 hay gʷəl c’əlalikʷəxʷ
ə ti ə s ətxʷəd
hay
gʷəl
c’əl–alikʷ=axʷ
ə
SCONJ
SCONJ
win–ACT=now
PR
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘So, she wins out over Black Bear.’ 73 tu abyitəbəxʷ ə ti i
a a
ə kʷi di stab s kʷi gʷəs aƛ’s
tu= ab–yi–t–b=axʷ PAST=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
ə
ti i
a a
ə
PR
DIST
powers
PR
stab–s
kʷi
gʷə=s= aƛ’=s
what–3PO
REM
SBJ=NM=desire=3PO
kʷi
di
REM
FOC
‘The spirit powers gave her what she wanted.’ 74 gʷəl a kʷa ti ə s ətxʷəd gʷəl SCONJ
a be.there
kʷa
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PTCL
PROX
bear
‘And there, of course, is Black Bear.’ 75 puˑtəxʷ əsbə put=axʷ
as–bə
really=now
STAT–full
‘He’s really stuffed.’ 76 put ƛ’ubə itut ti i
əxʷpakʷahəb
put
ƛ’u=bə= itut
ti i
really
HAB=ADD=sleep
DIST
as–dxʷ–pakʷ•ah–b STAT–CTD–lie.with.rear.up•buttocks–MD
‘He is always sound asleep with his rear up.’ 77 c’əlalikʷ tsi
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
c’əl–alikʷ
tsi i
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
win–ACT
DIST:FEM
ant
‘Ant wins.’
532
Black Bear and Ant
78 puˑtəxʷ əxʷ əcqgʷas tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd put=axʷ
as–dxʷ– əcqgʷas
really=now
STAT–CTD–cut.in.two
tsi ə
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
PROX:FEM
ant
‘She is really nearly cut in two.’ 79 gʷəl c’əlalikʷ gʷəl
c’əl–alikʷ
SCONJ
win–ACT
‘And she wins.’ 80 c’əlalikʷ huy dxʷ ulus c’əl–alikʷ
huy
dxʷ ulus
win–ACT
SCONJ
steady.worker
‘She wins (because) she is a steady worker.’ 81 ck’ʷaqid ƛ’uyayus ck’ʷaqid
ƛ’u=yayus
always
HAB=work
‘She always works.’ 82 hay tadᶻəxʷ tsi ə ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd hay
tadᶻʷ=axʷ
tsi ə
ƛ’aƛ’ac’apəd
SCONJ
dance=now
PROX:FEM
ant
‘So Ant dances.’ 83
əshii as–hii STAT–happy
‘She is happy.’ 84
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day,” ♪’ 85
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
86
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 87
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 88
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 89 haˑy haˑ ehaˑ wa he aˑ heˑ xʷeˑ e heˑ ‘♪ “haay haa ehaa wa he aa hea xʷee e heˑ, ♪’ 90
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 91
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 92
a il gʷəl bələ iˑl a –il dark–INCH
gʷəl
bə=lə –il
SCONJ
ADD=light–INCH
‘♪ “Night and again day, ♪’ 93 haˑ eˑ e eˑ xʷuxʷuweˑ e eˑ ʷe eˑ e eˑ e eˑ haˑye ‘♪ “Haa ee e ee xʷuxʷuwee e ee ʷe ee e ee e ee haaye.” ♪’
533
534
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
Black Bear and Fish Hawk as told by Edward Sam1 1
a ti i s ətxʷəd al kʷədi dəxʷəs a lils a be.there
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
dəxʷ= as– a lil=s
al kʷədi at
REM.DMA
ADNM=STAT–live=3PO
‘There is Black Bear where he lives.’ 2
hay gʷəl tula dxʷəxʷ ti i sya ya s hay
gʷəl
tu=la –dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
sya ya –s
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=remember–DC=now
DIST
friend–3PO
‘And so he remembered his friend.’ 3
gʷəl tu u ʷcəxʷ gʷəl
tu= u ʷ–c=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=go–ALTV=now
‘And he went to him.’ 4
gʷəl tudᶻəla adbidəxʷ ti i ib ib c’i c’i ti i həla b sda s c’i c’i tu=dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t=axʷ ti i ib ib c’i c’i
gʷəl
SCONJ
PAST=turn•side–MAP–ICS=now
s=da a=s
c’i c’i
N=named=3PO
fish.hawk
DIST
hawk
fish.hawk
ti i
həla b
DIST
really
‘And he visited Hawk – Fish Hawk, that is his real name, Fish Hawk.’ 5
gʷəl tudᶻəla adbid al ti i pə(d)t’əs gʷəl tu=dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t SCONJ
PAST=turn•side–MAP–ICS
al at
ti i
pədt’əs
DIST
winter
‘And he visited him during the winter.’ 6
huˑy u ʷc ti i sya ya s ti la dxʷbidəxʷ huy
gʷəl
tu= u ʷ–c
ti i
sya ya –s
ti
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=go–ALTV
DIST
friend–3PO
SPEC
la –dxʷ–bi–d=axʷ remember–DC–MAP–ICS=now ‘So he goes to his friend who he was remembering.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 24 August 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Alfred Sam, 13 August 1964; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
7
535
hay gʷəl cutəbəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i hay
gʷəl
cut–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
c’i c’i
SCONJ
SCONJ
say–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
fish.hawk
‘And so, Fish Hawk is spoken to.’ 8
əstagʷəxʷəxʷ ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd as–tagʷəxʷ=axʷ
ti i
sya ya –s
s ətxʷəd
STAT–hungry=now
DIST
friend–3PO
bear
‘His friend Black Bear is hungry.’ 9
hay tuk’ʷit’əxʷ al ti i stuləkʷ hay
tu=k’ʷit’=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=shoreward=now
al ti i at
stuləkʷ river
DIST
‘So (Fish Hawk) went down to the river.’ 10 saq’ʷ dxʷšəq ti i c’i c’i saq’ʷ
dxʷ–šq
ti i
c’i c’i
fly
CNTRPT–high
DIST
fish.hawk
‘Fish Hawk flies up high.’ 11 gʷəl tušudxʷ ti i s uladxʷ al ti i sq’a ʷ gʷəl
tu=šu –dxʷ
ti i
s uladxʷ
SCONJ
PAST=see–DC
DIST
salmon
al ti i at
‘And he saw a salmon through the ice.’ 12 gʷaˑl tu usis gʷəl
tu= usil–s
CONJ
PAST=dive–ALTV
‘And he dove after it.’ 13 gʷəl tukʷədxʷ ti ə s uladxʷ gʷəl
tu=kʷəda–dxʷ
ti ə
s uladxʷ
SCONJ
PAST=taken–DC
PROX
salmon
‘And he grabbed the salmon.’ 14 tu ubətxʷəxʷ tu= ubə–txʷ=axʷ PAST=go.inland–ECS=now
‘And he took it up the bank.’
DIST
sq’axʷ ice
536
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
15 hay tukʷukʷcutəxʷ al ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd hay
tu=kʷukʷcut=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=cook=now
al ti i at
DIST
sya ya –s
s ətxʷəd
friend–3PO
bear
‘So he cooked it for his friend, Black Bear.’ 16 hay gʷəl tuhədhəda ibəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i hay
gʷəl
tu=həd–həd•a i –b=axʷ
ti ə
c’i c’i
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=DSTR–warm•hand–MD=now
PROX
fish.hawk
‘So then Fish Hawk warmed up his hands,’ 17 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
drip
drip
drip
drip
drip
‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 18 gʷəl huy u abyidəxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
ə ti i bəs ʷəs]
u– ab–yi–t=axʷ PFV–extend–DAT–ICS=now
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
bə=s ʷəs ADD=fat
‘And next he gives Black Bear more fat,’ 19 gʷəl dəxʷc’ibs ə ti i s uladxʷ ə ti i bəs ʷəs gʷəl
dəxʷ=c’ib=s
SCONJ
ADNM=dip=3PO
ə
ti i
s uladxʷ
PR
DIST
salmon
ə
ti i
bə=s ʷəs
PR
DIST
ADD=fat
‘So that (he could) dip the salmon in more fat.’ 20 hay gʷəl tusulayitəbəxʷ ə ti i sali sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd hay SCONJ
gʷəl
tu=sula–yi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=centred–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
sali
sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd
two
ATTN–berry
‘And so he set before him two little berries.’ 21 hay ə əd ti ə s ətxʷəd hay SCONJ
ə əd feed.on
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘So, Black Bear eats.’
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
22
537
al su ə əds ə ti i s uladxʷs gʷəl xʷiˑ kʷi gʷəsbək’ʷdxʷs al s= u– ə əd=s at
NM=PFV–feed.on=3PO
ə
ti i
s uladxʷ–s
gʷəl
xʷi
kʷi
PR
DIST
salmon–3PO
SCONJ
NEG
REM
gʷə=s=bək’ʷ–dxʷ=s SBJ=NM=all–DC=3PO
‘As he is eating the salmon, he can’t finish it.’ 23 hay dxʷ ʷal’igʷədəxʷ hay
dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–fail•inside.body=now
‘So, he gives up.’ 24
ušuuc ti i sq’ʷəla əd u–šu –c PFV–see–ALTV
ti i
sq’ʷəla əd
DIST
berry
‘He looks at the berries.’ 25 sa sali sq’ʷəla əd sa
sali
sq’ʷəla əd
bad
two
berry
‘ “There are only two lousy berries.” ’ 26 gʷəl əsqʷubidəxʷ as–qʷu –bi–t=axʷ
gʷəl
STAT–water–MAP–ICS=now
SCONJ
‘But (his mouth) waters for them.’ 27 huy tu ə ədaxʷ huy
tu= ə əd=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=feed.on=now
‘So he ate them.’ 28 kʷədad ti ə də ’u kʷəda–t
ti ə
də ’u
taken–ICS
PROX
one
‘He takes one.’ 29 hiˑkʷ tuha
ti i sq’ʷəla əd
hikʷ
tu=ha
ti i
sq’ʷəla əd
big
PAST=good
DIST
berry
‘It is a really good berry.’
538
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
30 hay gʷəl kʷədadəxʷ ti i
i bək’ʷ tubək’ʷ
hay
gʷəl
kʷəda–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS=now
2
i and
bək’ʷ
tu=bək’ʷ
all
PAST=all
‘And next he takes it and everything, and (that) was all.’ 31 bəšudxʷ əsaydxʷəxʷ xʷi əxʷ bə=šu –dxʷ ADD=see–DC
as–hay–dxʷ=axʷ
xʷi =axʷ
STAT–known–DC=now
NEG=now
‘He looks again thinking there are none left.’ 32 huy sa səli huy
sa –səli
SCONJ
ATTN–two
‘But there are two little ones.’ 33 bəšu bə=šu ADD=see
‘So he looks again.’ 34 bə aˑ ti i sq’ʷəla əd bə= a
ti i
sq’ʷəla əd
ADD=be.there
DIST
berry
‘Those berries are still there.’ 35 huy yəla ibidəxʷ ti i s ə əds huy
yəl•a i –bi–t=axʷ
ti i
s= ə əd=s
SCONJ
both•hand–MAP–ICS=now
DIST
NOM=food=3PO
‘So he uses both hands to eat.’ 36 s ə əds s ə əds s ə əds iˑ s= ə əd=s
s= ə əd=s
s= ə əd=s
NOM=food=3PO
NOM=food=3PO
NOM=food=3PO
i and
‘And eat and eat and eat, and ...’ 37 gʷəl bə dxʷ ʷal’igʷəd gʷəl
bə
dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd
SCONJ
full
CTD–fail•inside.body
‘And he’s full and he gives up.’
__________ 2
The last three words here are indistinct in the recording and are uncertain. They are not included at all in Hess 1995, 153, line 31.
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
539
38 huy cuucəxʷ ti i sya ya s c’i c’i huy
cut–c=axʷ
ti i
sya ya –s
c’i c’i
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
DIST
friend–3PO
fish.hawk
‘Then he says to his friend, Fish Hawk,’ 39 day’ əxʷ u əƛ’ dxʷ al ti i d al al əda u ə tubicid day’
əxʷ
uniquely
2SG.SUB
u= əƛ’ IRR=come
dxʷ– al
ti i
d– al al
CNTRPT–at
DIST
1SG.PO–house
u= ə –txʷ–bicid IRR=be.fed–ECS–2SG.OBJ
‘ “After a while you will come to my house and I will feed you.’ 40 dᶻəla adbic əxʷ dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t–s
əxʷ
turn•side–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ
2SG.SUB
‘ “You will visit me.” ’ 41 huy cut ti i c’i c’i huy
cut
ti i
c’i c’i
SCONJ
say
DIST
fish.hawk
‘Then Fish Hawk says,’ 42 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’ 43 hay la d ub ə ti i c’i c’i ti i tuscutəbs ə ti i s ətxʷəd hay
la –dxʷ–b
SCONJ
remember–DC–PASS
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
tu=s=cut–t–b=s PAST=NM=say–ICS–PASS=3PO
c’i c’i
ti i
fish.hawk
DIST
ə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
PR
DIST
bear
‘So Black Bear’s words are remembered by Fish Hawk,’ 44 dᶻəla adbic dᶻəl•a ad–bi–t–s turn•side–MAP–ICS–1SG.OBJ ‘ “Visit me.” ’
əda 1SG.COORD
540
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
45 hay tu u ʷəxʷ hay
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
‘So he went.’ 46 gʷəl dxʷtəyiləxʷ ə ti i stuləkʷ gʷəl
dxʷ–təyil=axʷ
SCONJ
CNTRPT–go.upriver=now
ə
ti i
stuləkʷ
PR
DIST
river
‘And he travels upriver.’ 47
a ti i s ətxʷəd əstədᶻil a be.there
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
as–tədᶻil STAT–lie.in.bed
‘There is Black Bear lying in bed.’ 48 gʷəl
isəb ə ti i
gʷəl
ay’əds c’i c’i
il–s–b
SCONJ
arrive–ALTV–PASS
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ay’əd–s
c’i c’i
companion–3PO
fish.hawk
‘And he is arrived at by his friend, Fish Hawk.’ 49 gʷaˑdadgʷadəxʷ əlgʷə gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ
əlgʷə
DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now
PL
‘They chat a bit.’ 50 hay gʷəl əxʷcutəbəxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
as–dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ STAT–CTD–say–DSD=now
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘And then Black Bear thinks,’ 51 ƛ’al’ əd gʷəbə ulə yid ti ə c’i c’i ƛ’al’ also
əd 1SG.SUB
ə kʷi s uladxʷ
gʷə=bə= ulə –yi–t
ti ə
c’i c’i
SBJ=ADD=obtain–DAT–ICS
PROX
fish.hawk
s uladxʷ salmon ‘ “I too can get salmon for Fish Hawk.” ’ 52 k’ʷit’əxʷ dxʷ a kʷ al ti ə stuləkʷ k’ʷit’=axʷ
dxʷ– a kʷ
shoreward=now
CNTRPT–seaward
‘He goes down to the river.’
al ti ə at
PROX
stuləkʷ river
ə PR
kʷi REM
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
541
53 šu əxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd al ti ə stuləkʷ šu =axʷ
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
see=now
PROX
bear
al at
ti ə
stuləkʷ
PROX
river
‘Black Bear looks towards the river.’ 54 ti i ti s uladxʷ ti i
ti
s uladxʷ
DIST
SPEC
salmon
‘There is a salmon.’ 55 saxʷəbid al ti ə sq’a ʷ saxʷəb–bi–t jump–MAP–ICS
al at
ti ə
sq’axʷ
PROX
ice
‘He jumps after it onto the ice.’ 56
ʷul’ uq’ca ti i s ətxʷəd ʷul’ only
u–q’c•a PFV–strike.back.of.head•head
ti i
s ətxʷəd
DIST
bear
‘Black Bear strikes the back of his head.’ 57 gʷəl ugʷət’q’ʷad gʷəl SCONJ
u–gʷət’q’ʷad PFV–pass.out
‘And he passes out.’ 58 hay u ʷ hay SCONJ
u ʷ go
‘So (Fish Hawk) goes.’ 59
əba təbəxʷ ə ti ə sya ya s c’i c’i əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
sya ya –s
c’i c’i
PROX
friend–3PO
fish.hawk
‘(Black Bear) is carried by his friend, Fish Hawk.’ 60 gʷəl u ʷtubəxʷ dxʷ al ti i gʷəl SCONJ
al als
u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now
‘And he is taken to his house.’
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
al al–s house–3PO
542
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
61 hay gʷəl qə ti i s ətxʷəd hay
gʷəl
qə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
awake
DIST
bear
‘And so Black Bear wakes up.’ 62
ahəxʷ ti i s uladxʷ a=axʷ be.there=now
ti i
s uladxʷ
DIST
salmon
‘There is the salmon.’ 63 tu u ʷcəbəxʷ ə ti i c’i c’i tu= u ʷ–c–b=axʷ PAST=go–ALTV–PASS=now
ə
ti i
c’i c’i
PR
DIST
fish.hawk
‘Fish Hawk went after it.’ 64
u ʷtubəxʷ u ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ go–ECS–PASS=now ‘He takes it to (Black Bear).’
65 s uladxʷ ti i gʷə ti i s ətxʷəd s uladxʷ
ti i
gʷə
ti i
s ətxʷəd
salmon
DIST
ASSC
DIST
bear
‘It is that salmon of Black Bear’s.’ 66 kʷukʷcutyitəbəxʷ ə ti ə c’i c’i ti i sya ya s s ətxʷəd kʷukʷcut–yi–t–b=axʷ
ə
cook–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
PR
ti ə
c’i c’i
ti i
sya ya –s
PROX
fish.hawk
DIST
friend–3PO
s ətxʷəd bear ‘Fish Hawk cooks for his friend, Black Bear.’ 67 hay q axʷ ti i s ətxʷəd hay
q =axʷ
ti i
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
wake.up=now
DIST
bear
‘So Black Bear wakes up.’ 68 huy dxʷcutəbəxʷ huy
dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ
SCONJ
CTD–say–DSD=now
‘Then he thinks.’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
543
69 la dxʷəxʷ ti i tushuy ə ti i c’i c’i la –dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
tu=s=huyu
remember–DC=now
DIST
PAST=NM=made
ə
ti i
c’i c’i
PR
DIST
fish.hawk
‘He remembers what Fish Hawk had done.’ 70
aba ib ti ə s ətxʷəd ə ti ə ab•a i –b extend•hand–MD
i a
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
ə PR
‘Bear extends his hands over a little bowl.’ 71 həda ibəxʷ həd•a i –b=axʷ warm•hand–MD=now ‘He warms his hands.’ 72 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
drip
drip
drip
drip
‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 73
iˑ i CONJ
‘And so on ...’ 74 xʷi əxʷ kʷi gʷəs ʷəs xʷi =axʷ
kʷi
gʷə=s ʷəs
NEG=now
REM
SBJ=fat
‘There is no fat.’ 75 gʷəl bəcut gʷəl
bə=cut
SCONJ
ADD=say
‘Again he says,’ 76 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
drip
drip
drip
drip
‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’
ti ə PROX
i a bowl
544
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
77 bəhəda ib bə=həd•a i –b ADD=warm•hand–MD
‘He warms his hands.’ 78 xʷiˑ xʷi NEG
‘Nothing.’ 79 putəxʷ ləq’ʷup’q’ʷup’a i
ə ti ə s ətxʷəd
put=axʷ
lə=q’ʷup’–q’ʷup’•a i
really=now
PROG=DSTR–shrivel•hand
ə PR
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
PROX
bear
‘Black Bear’s hands really shrivel up.’ 80 hay gʷəl ləbə hay
gʷəl
lə=bə
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=fall
‘So he falls over.’ 81 gʷəl gʷət’q’ʷad gʷəl
gʷət’q’ʷad
SCONJ
PASS.out
‘He passes out.’ 82 hay gʷəl bətə təbaxʷ ti ə s ətxʷəd ə ti ə c’i c’i hay
gʷəl
bə=tə –t–b=axʷ
ti ə
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
ADD=roll–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
bear
c’i c’i fish.hawk ‘And so Fish Hawk rolls Black Bear over again.’ 83 bətədᶻiltubəxʷ bə=tədᶻil–txʷ–b=axʷ ADD=lie.in.bed–ECS–PASS=now
‘He puts him back to bed.’ 84 hay kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə
i a
hay
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
‘So, he takes the little bowl.’
i a bowl
ə PR
ti ə PROX
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
545
85 gʷəl cutəxʷ ti ə c’i c’i gʷəl
cut=axʷ
ti ə
c’i c’i
SCONJ
say=now
PROX
fish.hawk
‘And Fish Hawk says,’ 86 c’iˑ əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
c’i əb
drip
drip
drip
drip
drip
‘ “Drip, drip, drip, drip, drip.” ’ 87 hay gʷəl ləqahil ti i s ʷəs hay
gʷəl
lə=qa–il
ti i
s ʷəs
SCONJ
SCONJ
PROG=many–INCH
DIST
fat
‘And so there is a lot of fat.’ 88
ʷul’əxʷ əšuuc ti i ʷul’=axʷ only=now
ay’əds s ətxʷəd
as–šuu–c
ti i
STAT–see–ALTV
DIST
ay’əd–s
s ətxʷəd
companion–3PO
bear
‘He just looks at his buddy, Black Bear.’ 89 puˑtəxʷ əsq’ʷup’q’ʷup’a i put=axʷ
as–q’ʷup’–q’ʷup’•a i
really=now
STAT–DSTR–shrivel•hand
‘(His) hands are all shrivelled up.’ 90 hay gʷəl əgʷ hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əgʷ leave
‘And so he leaves him.’ 91 hay c’əldub ti i s ətxʷəd ə ti ə c’i c’i hay
c’əl–dxʷ–b
ti i
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
win–DC–PASS
DIST
bear
ə PR
ti ə
c’i c’i
PROX
fish.hawk
‘So, Black Bear is defeated by Fish Hawk.’ 92 hay gʷəl ha licutəxʷ ti i s ətxʷəd c’i c’i
ə ti i s əgʷlyitəbs s ušəbitəbs
ə ti i
ə ti i s uladxʷ ə ti i s ʷəs
hay
gʷəl
ha l–i–t–sut=axʷ
ti i
s ətxʷəd
SCONJ
SCONJ
good–SS–ICS–REFL=now
DIST
bear
s= əgʷl–yi–t–b=s
s ušəbitəbs
ə
NM=leave–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
humble.fellow PR
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ti i
c’i c’i
DIST
fish.hawk
ə PR
546
Black Bear and Fish Hawk
ti i
s uladxʷ
DIST
salmon
ə
ti i
s ʷəs
PR
DIST
fat
‘And so Black Bear is situated comfortably with the salmon and fat which Fish Hawk left for him out of pity.’ 93 gʷəl tula yitəbəxʷ ə ti i sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd sali sq’ʷiq’ʷəla əd gʷəl
tu=la –yi–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
PAST=localize–DAT–ICS–PASS=now
ə
ti i
sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd sali
PR
DIST
ATTN–berry
sq’ʷi–q’ʷəla əd ATTN–berry
‘And the little berries, the two little berries that had been found for him.’ 94 huˑy gʷəl tu əcbidəxʷ huy
gʷəl
tu= əc–bi–t=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
PAST=afraid–MAP–ICS=now
‘And then he was frightened by them.’ 95 gʷəl tu ibibəš gʷəl
tu= ib–ibəš
SCONJ
PAST=DIM.EFF–travel
‘So he walked off.’ 96 huyəxʷ ti i syəcəb huyu=axʷ
ti i
syəcəb
made=now
DIST
story
‘The story is done.’ 97 di shuys di
s=huyu=s
FOC
NM=made=3PO
‘That is the end.’
two
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
547
Coyote and the Big Rock as told by Edward Sam1 1
ti ə sbiaw ti ə
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote.’ 2
u u ʷ ti ə sbiaw u– u ʷ ti ə PFV–go
sbiaw
PROX
coyote
‘Coyote goes.’ 3
gʷəl əy’dxʷ ti i gʷəl
iišəds
əy’–dxʷ ti i
SCONJ
find–DC
iišəd–s
DIST
relatives–3PO
‘And he finds his friends.’ 4
ušudxʷ ti i səsq’ʷu u–šu –dxʷ PFV–see–DC
ə ti i
iišəds al ti ə hikʷ ’ƛ’a
ti i
s= as–q’ʷu
DIST
NM=STAT–gathered
hikʷ
’ƛ’a
big
stone
ə
ti i
iišəd–s
al ti ə
PR
DIST
ə
ti ə
hikʷ
’ƛ’a
PROX
big
stone
relatives–3PO
at
PROX
‘He sees his friends gathered by a big rock.’ 5
puˑt əsp’il ti ə šqabac ə ti ə hikʷ ’ƛ’a put really
as–p’il STAT–flat
ti ə
šq•abac
PROX
high•body
PR
‘The top of this big rock is really flat.’ 6
hay gʷəl wiliq’ʷidəxʷ ti i
iišəds
hay
gʷəl
wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ
ti i
SCONJ
SCONJ
ask–ICS=now
DIST
iišəd–s relatives–3PO
‘And so he questions his friends,’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995).
548
7
Coyote and the Big Rock
stab ti i suhuyləp stab
ti i
s= u–huyu=lap
what
DIST
NM=PFV–made=2PL.PO
‘ “What are you guys doing?” ’ 8
uˑ tu ʷ ə
əsq’ʷu
u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
ə
as–q’ʷu
1PL.SUB
STAT–gathered
‘ “Oh, we have just gathered here.’ 9
ləcu abyid ə ti ə
’ƛ’a
ə ti ə stabigʷs ə
ləcu– ab–yi–t
ə
CONT–extend–DAT–ICS
ti ə
1PL.SUB
PROX
’ƛ’a
ə
stone
PR
ti ə
stabigʷs
PROX
valuables
ə 1PL.PO ‘ “We are giving Rock our possessions,’ 10 gʷəl ti ə
us ibəš ə
gʷəl
ti ə
SCONJ
PROX
u=s= ibəš
ə
IRR=NM=travel
1PL.PO
‘ “It is that we are going on a journey.’ 11 hay gʷəl uhuyutəbəxʷ ’it ti i dəxʷ ibəš ə hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
u=huyu–t–b=axʷ IRR=made–ICS–PASS=now
’it
ti i
dəxʷ= ibəš
near
DIST
NM=travel
‘ “And Rock will make our destination close by.’ 12 di dəxʷut’asad ə ti ə di
dəxʷ= u–t’asad
FOC
ADNM=PFV–pay
’ƛ’a ə
ti ə
1PL.PO
’ƛ’a
PROX
stone
‘ “That is why we are paying Rock.” ’ 13 hay gʷəl cutəxʷ ti ə sbiaw hay
gʷəl
cut=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
PROX
coyote
‘And so Coyote says,’ 14 hay əda uqʷibid hay SCONJ
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “So, I’ll fix him.’
u=qʷibi–t IRR=prepared–ICS
ə 1PL.PO
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
549
15 p’aƛ’aƛ’ ti ə stabigʷs ds abyid p’aƛ’aƛ’
ti ə
stabigʷs
d=s= ab–yi–t
worthless
PROX
valuables
1SG.PO=NM=extend–DAT–ICS
‘ “The possessions that I’ll give him are just worthless stuff.” ’ 16 huy kʷataǰəxʷ ti i sbiaw ə ti i
’ƛ’a
huy
kʷataǰ=axʷ
ti i
sbiaw
ə
ti i
’ƛ’a
SCONJ
climb=now
DIST
coyote
PR
DIST
stone
‘Then Coyote climbs onto that rock.’ 17 huy abyidəxʷ ə ti i huy SCONJ
ʷuˑl’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ə
ti i
PR
DIST
ab–yi–t=axʷ extend–DAT–ICS=now
ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ only
worthless
‘Then he gives him just what is worthless,’ 18 stab gʷəxʷi
s ha s
stab
gʷə=xʷi
s=ha =s
what
SBJ=NEG
NOM=good=3PO
‘Whatever is not any good.’ 19 hay gʷəl xʷt’agʷiləxʷ ti i sbiaw hay
gʷəl
xʷt’a–agʷil=axʷ
ti i
sbiaw
SCONJ
SCONJ
descend–AUTO=now
DIST
coyote
‘And so Coyote climbs down.’ 20
ayəb ti i sbiaw ayəb laugh
ti i
sbiaw
DIST
coyote
‘Coyote laughs,’ 21 stab əw’ə ti ə
’ƛ’a cəxʷyaw’ ut’asbil
stab
əw’ə
ti ə
what
PTCL
PROX
’ƛ’a stone
d=dəxʷ=yaw’ 1SG.PO=ADNM=only.if
‘ “What indeed is this rock that I should pay?” ’ 22 hay gʷəl ibəšəxʷ ti i sbiaw hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ
ti i
sbiaw
travel=now
DIST
coyote
‘And so Coyote travels now.’
u–t’as–b–il PFV–pay–MD–INCH
550
Coyote and the Big Rock
23 gʷəl ti i s u ʷ ə ti i s ibəšs gʷəl
ti i
s= u ʷ
ə
ti i
s= ibəš=s
SCONJ
DIST
NM=go
PR
DIST
NM=travel=3PO
‘And while he goes along his travels,’ 24 gʷəl luudəxʷ ti i stab gʷəl
lu–t=axʷ
ti i
stab
SCONJ
hear–ICS=now
DIST
what
‘He hears something.’ 25 lətuk’ʷucut lə=tuk’ʷu–t–sut PROG=thump–ICS–REFL
‘It is making a thumping sound.’ 26 dᶻalqʷusəxʷ ti i sbiaw dᶻalq•us=axʷ ti i turn•head=now
sbiaw coyote
DIST
‘Coyote looks over his shoulder.’ 27 gʷəl šudxʷəxʷ ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a gʷəl
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
hikʷ
’ƛ’a
SCONJ
see–DC=now
DIST
big
stone
‘And he sees Big Rock.’ 28 ləcu alad u alad ti i sbiaw ləcu= ala–t
u– alad
CONT=chased–ICS
PFV–chased–ICS
ti i
sbiaw
DIST
coyote
‘He is chasing him, he chases Coyote.’ 29 hiˑkʷ lətukʷucut ə ti i sətə s ə ti i s alads ti i sbiaw hikʷ
lə=tukʷu–t–sut
big
PROG=thump–ICS–REFL
ə
ti i
s=lə=tə =s
PR
DIST
NM=PROG=roll=3PO
ti i
s= ala–t=s
ti i
sbiaw
DIST
NM=chased–ICS=3PO
DIST
coyote
ə PR
‘He is thumping loudly as he is rolling, as he chases Coyote.’ 30
əs icil ti i as– icil STAT–angry
’ƛ’a
ə ti i su alads ti i sbiaw
ti i
’ƛ’a
ə
ti i
s= u– ala–t=s
ti i
DIST
stone
PR
DIST
NM=PFV–chased–ICS=3PO
DIST
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
551
sbiaw coyote ‘Rock is angry as he chases Coyote.’ 31 yə i huy xʷi kʷ(i) gʷəstab dəxʷa
s
yə i
huy
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=stab
gʷə=dəxʷ=ha =s
because
SCONJ
NEG
REM
SBJ=what
SBJ=ADNM=good=3PO
‘Because it is stuff that is not good.’ 32
ʷul’ p’aƛ’aƛ’ ti i s abyids ti i ʷul’ only
’ƛ’a
p’aƛ’aƛ’
ti i
s= ab–yi–t=s
ti i
’ƛ’a
worthless
DIST
NM=extend–DAT–ICS=3PO
DIST
stone
‘What he gave to rock is just junk.’ 33 huy təlawiləxʷ ti ə sbiaw huy
təlawil=axʷ
ti ə
sbiaw
SCONJ
run=now
PROX
coyote
‘Then Coyote runs.’ 34 təlaˑwiləxʷ təlawil=axʷ run=now ‘He runs.’ 35 huy alatəb ə ti i huy SCONJ
’ƛ’a
ala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS
ə
ti i
’ƛ’a
PR
DIST
stone
‘Then he is chased by Rock.’ 36 hay wiliq’ʷidəxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay
wiliq’ʷi–t=axʷ
ti i
suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s
SCONJ
ask–ICS=now
DIST
DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO
‘So, (Coyote) questions his younger brothers,’ 37 stabəxʷ kʷi udshuy dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa stab=axʷ
kʷi
what=now
REM
u=d=s=huyu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made
‘ “What will I do, my younger brothers?’
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
552
38
Coyote and the Big Rock
əs c’udəxʷ əd as–c’ud=axʷ
əd
STAT–weak=now
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m weak now.’ 39 xʷak’ʷiləxʷ əd xʷak’ʷil=axʷ
əd
tired=now
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m tired now.” ’ 40 hay gʷəl cutəxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay
gʷəl
cut=axʷ
ti i
suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s
SCONJ
SCONJ
say=now
DIST
DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO
‘And so his younger brothers say,’ 41 gʷəl cutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb gʷəl
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
sixʷ
ha kʷ
PTCL
long.time
əd
as–dxʷ–cut–ab
1SG.SUB
STAT–CTD–say–DSD
‘ “But you always say, ‘I had thought so all along.’ ’ 42
ʷul’ əxʷ ugʷə ’əb ə kʷi stab s əsli lu
ə ti i sbadil xʷa šulagʷil
ʷul’
kʷi
stab
səsli lu
REM
what
little.cave
only
əxʷ
u–gʷə ’a–b
2SG.SUB
PFV–search–CSMD
sbadil mountain
ə
xʷa
PR
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
šulu–agʷil
2SG.COORD
go.under–AUTO
‘ “You just look for something, a little cave in that mountain and you crawl in.’ 43 tu ʷ i əsmi man tu ʷ
i – as–mi man
just
PRTV–STAT–small
‘ “Just a small (one).’ 44 xʷi
kʷi gʷədəxʷšulagʷildubut ə ti i
’ƛ’a
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=dəxʷ=šulu–agʷil–dxʷ–but
NEG
REM
SBJ=ADNM=go.under–AUTO–DC–REFL
‘ “Rock cannot get in.” ’ 45 ti i sbiaw gʷəl u ʷəxʷ ti i
sbiaw
gʷəl
DIST
coyote
SCONJ
‘That Coyote, he goes.’
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ə
ti i
’ƛ’a
PR
DIST
stone
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
553
46 dəgʷagʷiləxʷ ə ti i s əsli lu dəkʷa–agʷil=axʷ inside–AUTO=now
ə
ti i
səsli lu
PR
DIST
little.cave
‘He gets inside a small cave.’ 47 hay gʷəl alatəb ə ti i hay
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
’ƛ’a ə
ti i
’ƛ’a
PR
DIST
stone
ala–t–b chased–ICS–PASS
‘And so he is chased by Rock.’ 48 xʷi
kʷi gʷəshəd iw’dubuts
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=s=həd iw’–dxʷ–but–s
NEG
REM
SBJ=NM=indoors–DC–REFL–3PO
‘(Rock) cannot get inside.’ 49 huy dᶻəlqcutəxʷ ti i ’ƛ’a dxʷ al ti i s əslu huy dᶻəlq–t–sut=axʷ ti i ’ƛ’a dxʷ– al SCONJ
turn–ICS–REFL=now
DIST
stone
CNTRPT–at
ti i
səslu
DIST
cave
‘Then Rock turns himself around towards the cave.’ 50 gʷəl cuucəxʷ ti i sbiaw gʷəl
cut–c=axʷ
ti i
sbiaw
SCONJ
say–ALTV=now
DIST
coyote
‘And he says to Coyote,’ 51
u aˑ əxʷ ti i
ʷul’ adsyubil.
u= a
əxʷ
IRR=be.there
2SG.SUB
ti i DIST
ʷul’ only
u=ad=s=yubil IRR=2SG.PO=NM=starve
‘ “You will be there until you just starve.” ’ 52 gʷəl haˑgʷəxʷ ti i s aˑ ə ti i sbiaw gʷəl
ha kʷ=axʷ
ti i
s= a
SCONJ
long.time=now
DIST
NM=be.there
ə
ti i
sbiaw
PR
DIST
coyote
‘And Coyote is there a very long time.’ 53 puˑtəxʷ tasƛ’uƛ’uil ti i sbiaw put=axʷ
tu= as–ƛ’u–ƛ’u–il
ti i
sbiaw
really=now
PAST=STAT–ATTN–thin–INCH
DIST
coyote
‘Coyote grew really thin.’
554
Coyote and the Big Rock
54 putəxʷ tasƛ’uil put=axʷ
tu= as–ƛ’u–il
really=now
PAST=STAT–thin–INCH
‘He got really thin.’ 55 gʷəl la dxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s gʷəl
la –dxʷ
ti i
suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s
SCONJ
remember–DC
DIST
DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO
‘Then he remembers his younger brothers.’ 56 hay ƛ’iqagʷil ti dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa hay
ƛ’iqi–agʷil
ti
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa
SCONJ
emerge–AUTO
SPEC
1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
‘So, “Come out, my younger brothers.’ 57
əsc’uˑdəxʷ əd as–c’ud=axʷ
əd
STAT–weak=now
1SG.SUB
‘ “I’m so weak now.’ 58 stabəxʷ kʷi udshuy stab=axʷ
kʷi
what=now
REM
u=d=s=huyu IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made
‘ “What shall I do?’ 59 stabəxʷ kʷi u d shuy ti dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa . stab=axʷ
kʷi
what=now
REM
u=d=s=huyu
ti
IRR=1SG.PO=NM=made
SPEC
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling ‘ “What shall I do, my younger brothers?” ’ 60 hay gʷəl ƛ’iqagʷiləxʷ ti i suq’ʷsuq’ʷa s hay
gʷəl
ƛ’iqi–agʷil=axʷ
ti i
suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa –s
SCONJ
SCONJ
emerge–AUTO=now
DIST
DSTR–younger.sibling–3PO
‘And so his younger brothers come out.’ 61 gʷəl cutəxʷ əxʷ sixʷ ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb gʷəl
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
sixʷ
ha kʷ
PTCL
long.time
əd 1SG.SUB
‘ “But you always say, ‘I had thought so all along.’ ’
as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
62
555
ʷul’ əxʷ uq’əwab xʷa uxʷəbəbxʷəbaladi b ʷul’ only
əxʷ
u–q’əwab
2SG.SUB
xʷa
PFV–howl
2SG.COORD
u–xʷəb–b–xʷəb•al•adi –b PFV–DSTR–DIM.EFF–thrown•CNN•ear–MD
‘ “You just howl and toss your head from side to side.’ 63 hay gʷəl gʷə dxʷ cutəbəxʷ ti i
’ƛ’a
hay
gʷəl
gʷə=dxʷ–cut–ab=axʷ
ti i
’ƛ’a
SCONJ
SCONJ
SBJ=CTD–say–DSD=now
DIST
stone
‘ “And so Rock will think,’ 64
uˑ hikʷ əw’ə qa ti i
iišəd ə ti i sbiaw
u INTJ
hikʷ
əw’ə
qa
ti i
big
PTCL
many
DIST
iišəd relatives
ə
ti i
sbiaw
PR
DIST
coyote
‘ “ ‘Oh, Coyote really has a lot of friends.’ ” ’ 65
u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ sbiaw u– ə i– əd=axʷ
əxʷ
PFV–RDP–what.happen=now
2SG.SUB
sbiaw coyote
‘ “What are you doing, Coyote?” ’ 66
uˑ tu ʷ əd ləq’ʷu əd tə d iišəd u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
əd 1SG.SUB
lə=q’ʷu –t
tə
d– iišəd
PROG=gathered–ICS
NSPEC
1SG.PO–relatives
‘ “Oh, I’m just gathering my friends.” ’ 67 huy ədᶻaxʷ ti i ’ƛ’a huy ədᶻ=axʷ ti i SCONJ
scared=now
DIST
‘Then Rock is afraid.’ 68 huy u ʷəxʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ go=now
‘Then he goes.’ 69
əgʷ axʷ ti i sbiaw əgʷ =axʷ
ti i
sbiaw
leave=now
DIST
coyote
‘He leaves Coyote.’
’ƛ’a stone
556
Coyote and the Big Rock
70 cut ti i sbiaw cut
ti i
sbiaw
say
DIST
coyote
‘Coyote speaks.’ 71
ayəb ayəb laugh ‘He laughs,’
72 dəgʷagʷil i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa dəkʷa–agʷil inside–AUTO
i
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa
2PL.IMP
1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
‘ “Get inside, my younger brothers.’ 73 ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb ha kʷ
əd
long.time
as–dxʷ–cut–ab
1SG.SUB
STAT–CTD–say–DSD
‘ “I have known it (i.e., what to do) for a long time.” ’ 74 huy tuc’əlalikʷ ti i sbiaw huy
tu=c’əl–alikʷ
ti i
sbiaw
SCONJ
PAST=win–ACT
DIST
coyote
‘Then Coyote won.’ 75 c’əldaxʷ ti i hikʷ ’ƛ’a c’əl–t=axʷ
ti i
hikʷ
’ƛ’a
win–ICS=now
DIST
big
stone
‘He defeats that Big Rock.’ 76 di sc’əldxʷs di
s=c’əl–dxʷ=s
FOC
NM=defeat–DC=3PO
‘He is the one who managed to defeat (Rock).’ 77 dəgʷagʷil i dsuq’ʷsuq’ʷa dəkʷa–agʷil inside–AUTO
i 2PL.IMP
d–suq’ʷ–suq’ʷa 1SG.PO–DSTR–younger.sibling
‘ “Get inside, my younger brothers!’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
557
78 ha kʷ əd əxʷcutəb ha kʷ long.time
əd 1SG.SUB
as–dxʷ–cut–ab STAT–CTD–say–DSD
‘ “I have known it (i.e., what to do) for a long time.” ’ 79 di əxʷ di =axʷ FOC=now
‘That’s it.’ 80 huyəxʷ ti ə dsyəcəb si ab dsya ya huyu=axʷ
ti ə
d=s=yəc–b
si ab
d–sya ya
made=now
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=report–MD
noble
1SG.PO–friend
‘My story is finished now, my respected friend.’
558
Mink and Tutyika
Mink and Tutyika as told by Edward Sam1 1
a dəgʷi si ab dsya ya a be.there
dəgʷi
si ab
d–sya ya
you
noble
1SG.PO–friend
‘Here it is (for) you, my respected friend.’ 2
tu ʷəxʷ əd uyəhubtubicid ti tusyəhub ə tuˑdi tusluƛ’luƛ’ ə tu ʷ=axʷ
əd
just=now
u=yəhub–txʷ–bicid
1SG.SUB
IRR=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ
tudi
tu=s=luƛ’–luƛ’
DIST.DMA
PAST=NM=DSTR–old
ti
tu=s=yəhub
SPEC
PAST=NM=recite
ə PR
ə 1PL.PO
‘I am simply going to recite to you a traditional story from our distant Elders.’ 3
tuyəcəbtub əd ə ti i tudyəl’yəlab tu=yəc–b–txʷ–b
əd
PAST=report–MD–ECS–PASS
1SG.SUB
ə
ti i
tu=d–yəl’–yəlab
PR
DIST
PAST=1SG.PO–DSTR–elder
‘I was told by my forebears.’ 4
hay əd uyəcəbtubicidəxʷ dəgʷi si ab dsya ya hay
əd
SCONJ
1SG.SUB
u=yəc–b–txʷ–bicid=axʷ IRR=report–MD–ECS–2SG.OBJ=now
dəgʷi
si ab
you
noble
d–sya ya 1SG.PO–friend ‘And so, I am going to tell it to you, my respected friend.’ 5
ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika ti i udsyəhubtubicid ti i
bi–bəš əb
DIST
ATTN–mink
i CONJ
ti i
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ti i
DIST
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika
DIST
u=d=s=yəhub–txʷ–bicid IRR=1SG.PO=NM=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ
‘What I will tell you about is Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Thom Hess, 2 July 1963, at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Thom Hess and Edward Sam; further redaction by Thom Hess. Published in slightly different form in Lushootseed Reader Volume I (Hess 1995). The first line is not heard in the recording but is included in the original transcription.
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
6
559
hay u i da hə b ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika hay
u– i – id•ah–b
SCONJ
PFV–ATTN–tied•bottom–MD
ti i
bi–bəš əb
DIST
ATTN–mink
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika
i CONJ
ti i DIST
‘And so, Little Mink and his little younger brother, Tutyika, are trolling.’ 7
ləcu i da hə b əlgʷə ləcu– i – id•ah–b
əlgʷə
CONT–ATTN–tied•bottom–MD
PL
‘They are trolling.’ 8
huy šudxʷəxʷ ti i
xʷəlu
huy
šu –dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
xʷəlu
SCONJ
see–DC=now
DIST
whale
‘Then they see Whale.’ 9
huy bapadəxʷ əlgʷə huy
bapa–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
be.busy–ICS=now
PL
‘Then they pester him.’ 10 bapadəxʷ əlgʷə ti i
xʷəlu
bapa–t=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti i
be.busy–ICS=now
PL
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘They pester Whale.’ 11 huy xʷak’ʷisəbəxʷ ə ti i
xʷəlu
huy
xʷak’ʷil–s–b=axʷ
SCONJ
tired–ALTV–PASS=now
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Then they are gotten tired of by Whale.’ 12
aˑ bəq’təbaxʷ ə ti i a INTJ
xʷəlu
bəq’–t–b=axʷ have.in.mouth–ICS–PASS=now
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Well, they are swallowed by Whale.’ 13
ixʷ ə dat ti i s dəgʷabacil s əxʷ əlgʷə ti i ixʷ•ə •dat three•CLS•day
xʷəlu
ti i
s=dəkʷa•abac–il=s=axʷ
əlgʷə
ti i
DIST
NM=inside•body–INCH=3PO=now
PL
DIST
‘Three days they are inside Whale.’
xʷəlu whale
560
Mink and Tutyika
14 huy ibibəšəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy SCONJ
ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now
ti i
bi–bəš əb
DIST
ATTN–mink
‘Then Little Mink paces back and forth.’ 15
ibibəšəxʷ ib–ibəš=axʷ DIM.EFF–travel=now
‘He paces back and forth.’ 16 huy k’əwdxʷaxʷ ti i sc’ali
ə ti i
xʷəlu
huy
k’aw–dxʷ=axʷ
ti i
sc’ali
ə
ti i
SCONJ
touch–DC=now
DIST
heart
PR
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Then he bumps into Whale’s heart.’ 17
u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ
əxʷ
PFV–RDP–what.happen=now
2SG.SUB
bi–bəš əb ATTN–mink
‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 18
uˑ tu ʷ əd u ibibəš u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
əd
u– ib–ibəš
1SG.SUB
PFV–DIM.EFF–travel
‘ “Oh, I’m just pacing back and forth.” ’ 19 bibš əb xʷi kʷi gʷ adsuk’əwdxʷ ti i ds c’ali bi–bəš əb
xʷi
kʷi
gʷə=ad=s= u–k’aw–dxʷ
ti i
d–sc’ali
ATTN–mink
NEG
REM
SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=PFV–touch–DC
DIST
1SG.PO–heart
‘ “Little Mink! Don’t bump into my heart!” ’ 20 huy cutəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy
cut=axʷ
ti i
bi–bəš əb
SCONJ
say=now
DIST
ATTN–mink
‘Then Little Mink says,’ 21
uˑ u INTJ
‘ “Okay.” ’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
561
22 hay gʷadadgʷadəxʷ ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika hay
gʷad–ad–gʷad=axʷ
ti i
bi–bəš əb
SCONJ
DSTR–DIM.EFF–talk=now
DIST
ATTN–mink
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika
i
ti i
CONJ
DIST
‘So Little Mink and his little younger brother Tutyika talk it over.’ 23 ƛ’ub ə
uhud up
ƛ’ub well
ə
a kʷukʷcut u–hud• up
1PL.SUB
a
PFV–burn•fire
kʷukʷcut
1PL.COORD
cook
‘ “We ought to make a fire and cook.” ’ 24 huy hud upəxʷ əlgʷə huy
hud• up=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
burn•fire=now
PL
‘Then they make a fire.’ 25
u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ
əxʷ
PFV–RDP–what.happen=now
bi–bəš əb
2SG.SUB
ATTN–mink
‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 26
uˑ tu ʷ əd uhud up u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
u–hud• up
əd 1SG.SUB
PFV–burn•fire
‘ “Oh, I just lit a fire.” ’ 27 huy i ’itəbəxʷ ti i sc’ali huy SCONJ
ə ti i
i ’i–t–b=axʷ slice–ICS–PASS=now
xʷəlu
ti i
sc’ali
ə
ti i
DIST
heart
PR
DIST
xʷəlu whale
‘Then Whale’s heart is cut.’ 28
u ə i ədəxʷ əxʷ bibš əb u– ə i– əd=axʷ
əxʷ
PFV–RDP–what.happen=now
2SG.SUB
bi–bəš əb ATTN–mink
‘ “What are you doing, Little Mink?” ’ 29 day’ uxʷ əsaydub ə ti i day’ uniquely
uxʷ still
xʷəlu
əs–hay–dxʷ–b STAT–known–DC–PASS
ə
ti i
PR
DIST
‘That was (that last thing that) is known by Whale.’
xʷəlu whale
562
Mink and Tutyika
30 huy tu u ʷəxʷ ti i
ʷəlu
huy
tu= u ʷ=axʷ
ti i
SCONJ
PAST=go=now
DIST
ʷəlu whale
‘Then Whale went.’ 31 tiˑləb dxʷt’aq’t ti i s alil ə ti i
xʷəlu
tiləb
dxʷ–t’aq’t
ti i
s= alil
immediately
CNTRPT–inland
DIST
NM=go.ashore
ə
ti i
xʷəlu
PR
DIST
whale
‘Right away, Whale heads for shore and (goes) way up the beach.’ 32
up’ ti i sk’ʷilil ə ti i bibš əb up’
ti i
s=k’ʷil–il
dawn
DIST
NM=peer–INCH
ə
ti i
bi–bəš əb
PR
DIST
ATTN–mink
‘It is dawn (when) Little Mink peers out.’ 33
uluud ti i luƛ’
al tudi t’aq’t
u–lu–t
ti i
luƛ’
DIST
old
PFV–hear–ICS
al at
tudi
t’aq’t
DIST.DMA
inland
‘He hears an old man up there on shore.’ 34 ləcup’ayəq ə ti i sdi dəxʷi ləcu–p’ayəq CONT–hew
ə
ti i
sdi –dəxʷi
PR
DIST
ATTN–hunting.canoe
‘He is making a small hunting canoe.’ 35 huy t’ilibəxʷ ti i bibš əb huy
t’ilib=axʷ
ti i
bi–bəš əb
SCONJ
sing=now
DIST
ATTN–mink
‘Then Little Mink sings.’ 36 t’ilibəxʷ t’ilib=axʷ sing=now ‘He sings.’ 37 stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd. stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd stab what
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
stab
u–kʷixʷid
stab
what
PFV–pound
what
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
stab
u–kʷixʷid
what
PFV–pound
‘♪ “What are you, what do you pound? What are you, what do you pound? ♪’
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
563
38 hagʷəxʷ əd tu acigʷədil ə tə luƛ’ xʷəluˑ ha kʷ=axʷ
əd
long.time=now
xʷəluˑ
xʷəluˑˑ( )
tu= ac•igʷəd–il
1SG.SUB
ə
PAST=centre•inside.body–INCH
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
whale
whale
whale
PR
tə
luƛ’
NSPEC
old
‘♪ “For a long time I’ve been inside Old Whale, Whale, Whale. ♪’ 39 stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd. stab əxʷ stab ukʷiˑxʷiˑd stab
əxʷ
what
2SG.SUB
stab
u–kʷixʷid
stab
what
PFV–pound
what
əxʷ 2SG.SUB
stab
u–kʷixʷid
what
PFV–pound
‘♪ “What are you, what do you pound? What are you, what do you pound? ♪’ 40 hagʷəxʷ əd tu acigʷədil ə tə luƛ’ xʷəluˑ ha kʷ=axʷ
əd
long.time=now
xʷəluˑ
xʷəluˑˑ( )
tu= ac•igʷəd–il
1SG.SUB
ə
PAST=centre•inside.body–INCH
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
xʷəlu
whale
whale
whale
PR
tə
luƛ’
NSPEC
old
‘♪ “For a long time I’ve been inside Old Whale, Whale, Whale.” ♪’ 41 huy təlawiləxʷ ti i luƛ’ huy
təlawil=axʷ
ti i
luƛ’
SCONJ
run=now
DIST
old
‘Then the old man runs.’ 42 yəcəbaxʷ ə ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika yəc–b=axʷ report–MD=now
ə
ti i
bi–bəš əb
PR
DIST
ATTN–mink
i
ti i
CONJ
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika PR
ə
ə ti i s alils əlgʷe DIST
ti i
s= alil=s
DIST
NM=go.ashore=3PO
əlgʷə PL
‘He tells of Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, of their coming ashore.’ 43 huy u ʷəxʷ tə aci talbixʷ huy SCONJ
u ʷ=axʷ tə go=now
NSPEC
‘Then the people go.’
aci talbixʷ people
564
Mink and Tutyika
44 bə atəbəxʷ ti i k’ʷat’aq dəxʷ ibəš ə ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s bə a–t–b=axʷ
ti i
k’ʷat’aq dəxʷ= ibəš
fall–ICS–PASS=now
DIST
mat
i CONJ
NM=travel
ti i
su –suq’ʷa –s
DIST
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
ə
ti i
bi–bəš əb
PR
DIST
ATTN–mink
‘A cattail mat is put down for Little Mink and his little younger cousin to walk on.’ 45 puˑtəxʷ əs uqʷa ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika put=axʷ
as– uqʷ•a
really=now
STAT–peeled•head
ti i
bi–bəš əb
DIST
ATTN–mink
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika
i
ti i
CONJ
DIST
‘Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, are completely bald.’ 46 huy t’uk’ʷtubəxʷ ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s huy
t’uk’ʷ–txʷ–b=axʷ
ti i
bi–bəš əb
SCONJ
go.home–ECS–PASS=now
DIST
ATTN–mink
i CONJ
ti i DIST
su –suq’ʷa –s ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
‘Then Little Mink and his little younger cousin are taken home.’ 47 huy q’ʷu təbəxʷ ti i huy SCONJ
aci talbixʷ tuˑl’ al bək’ʷ adəxʷ
q’ʷu –t–b=axʷ
ti i
gathered–ICS–PASS=now
DIST
aci talbixʷ people
ad=a where=now ‘Then the people are gathered from everywhere.’ 48 huy ə tub tə aci talbixʷ huy SCONJ
ə –txʷ–b be.fed–ECS–PASS
tə
aci talbixʷ
NSPEC
people
‘The people are fed.’ 49 huy gʷəl ǰu iləxʷ tə aci talbixʷ huy
gʷəl
ǰu il=axʷ
tə
SCONJ
SCONJ
enjoy =now
NSPEC
‘And the people have a good time.’
aci talbixʷ people
tul’– al
bək’ʷ
CNTRFG–at
all
ʔ d cut Edward “Hagan” Sam
565
50 ti i higʷiləxʷ si ab ti i bibš əb i ti i su suq’ʷa s tətyika ti i
hikʷ–il=axʷ
DIST
big–INCH=now noble
si ab
ti i
bi–bəš əb
DIST
ATTN–mink
su –suq’ʷa –s
tətyika
ATTN–younger.sibling–3PO
Tutyika
i CONJ
ti i DIST
‘(It is) that Little Mink and his little younger cousin, Tutyika, become noble.’ 51 huˑyəxʷ ti i dsyəhub tubi cid si ab dsya ya huyu=axʷ
ti i
d=s=yəhub–txʷ–bicid
si ab
d–sya ya
made=now
DIST
1SG.PO=NM=recite–ECS–2SG.OBJ
noble
1SG.PO–friend
‘That ends my recitation to you, my respected friend.’ 52 huyəxʷ əd huyu=axʷ made=now ‘I’m finished.’
əd 1SG.SUB
4 lalacut Agnes Jules James 1889-1971
Agnes James in the late 1960s. Photo: Stephanie Blackford Collection.
Agnes James was the daughter of Charles Jules, the last of the hereditary Snohomish leaders to be appointed by the United States government to hold an official position as the representative of his community.1 Agnes made sure that the younger generations of her family knew the family they came from. Agnes used to sit on a low bluff overlooking Tulalip Bay, with her cooking utensils by her side, knitting and waiting for the fishermen to come in. They would give her fish and shellfish, and she would fix dinner for all.
__________ 1
This introduction combines the memories of the late Stephanie Blackford Charlie, the late Marya Moses, Judy Gobin, Hank Gobin, and Lita Sheldon.
568
Chapter 4
As people talk about Agnes, they evoke a person deeply involved in many walks of tribal life. She was one of four women who used to stand beside the priest at Mass, translating his words into Lushootseed for the congregation. Agnes’ spiritual commitment extended beyond the Catholic Church, in which she raised her four children. Marya Moses spoke often of the material and spiritual help that Agnes gave to the generation of young people who revitalized the longhouse way of life after it had lain dormant for years. The late Stephanie Blackford, Agnes’ granddaughter, remembered her grandmother teaching her how to get a drink of water from a horsetail, how to make a cup from a skunk cabbage leaf, how to find the little plant underfoot that would heal a cut or cure a sore throat. From Agnes, Stephanie learned how to weave cedar. As she taught, Agnes told stories, some serving as lessons that applied to recent misbehaviour, and many more just so that Stephanie would have them to pass on. In the 1990s, when the Tribes established the Cultural Resources Department, Stephanie heard her grandmother’s voice telling her to “get in there and teach people how to make baskets before it gets forgotten.” So Stephanie “got in there” and taught a generation of new weavers how to make baskets, mats, hats, and dolls. Among her pupils was Lance Taylor, Lizzie Krise’s great-grandson, now a master weaver. As she taught, Stephanie would tell her grandmother’s stories, just as she had been told them when she was a learner. Agnes was famous for her dolls, which can be seen in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution and the Burke Museum. She began making them one Christmas when Stephanie asked for a baby doll, the kind you could buy at the store. Judy Gobin recalls that Agnes said, “You don’t want a doll like that. You want a doll like us.” She stayed up all night making a cedar doll for her granddaughter. As Stephanie grew older, Agnes would make just the head and shoulders of a doll and then have Stephanie finish it. Still later, Stephanie was entrusted with making the whole doll. Towards the end of her life, it was a sorrow to Agnes that only two friends remained with whom she could speak Lushootseed: Marya Moses and Ethel Sam. It seemed to her that much of what she had held dear was being forgotten. We are consoled on her behalf to see her skills living on, an important part of the life of our Tribe.
lalacut Agnes Jules James
Judy and Heather Gobin’s blue-ribbon winning “Agnes James-style” dolls, made of yellow cedar, with clothing of wool, sweetgrass, yellow cedar, and ermine. Photo courtesy of Judy Gobin.
569
570
Basket Ogress
Basket Ogress as told by Agnes James1 1
əs a lil tsi aci talbixʷ as– a lil
tsi
STAT–live
aci talbixʷ
SPEC:FEM
people
‘A woman lives there.’ 2
huˑy gʷəl aƛ’tubəxʷ ə tsi ə wiw’su kʷi gʷəs u ʷs gʷəs a s huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
aƛ’–txʷ–b=axʷ
ə
desired–ECS–PASS=now
SCONJ
PR
gʷə=s= u ʷ=s
gʷə=s= a =s
SBJ=NM=go=3PO
SBJ=NM=arrive=3PO
tsi ə
wiw’su
kʷi
PROX:FEM
children
REM
‘And then children want to go there.’ 3
huy da diyəy’ huy
da diyəy’
SCONJ
alone
‘Then they are alone.’ 4
cutəb ə ti ə yəl’yəlabs cut–t–b say–ICS–PASS
ə PR
ti ə
yəl’–yəlab–s
PROX
DSTR–elder–3PO
‘They are told by their parents,’ 5
xʷi gʷəs u ʷləp xʷi
gʷə=s= u ʷ=lap
NEG
SBJ=NM=go=2PL.PO
‘ “Don’t go!’ 6
gʷə isəb ələp ə tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ gʷə= il–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS
ələp 2PL.SUB
ə PR
tsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “You might be come upon by the Basket Ogress.’
__________ 1
Recorded by Leon Metcalf (Metcalf tape 25), 2 November 1952, with Agnes James at Tulalip, WA; transcribed by Vi Taqʷšəblu Hilbert, 3 May 1981; further redaction by Vi Hilbert and Thom Hess.
571
lalacut Agnes Jules James
7
a tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ a be.there
tsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “The Basket Ogress is there.’ 8
a a tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ a a powers
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “The Basket Ogress is powerful.’ 9
gʷə isəb ələp ələpa gʷədəgʷatəb al ti ə hiˑkʷ sp u ələp
gʷə= il–s–b SBJ=arrive–ALTV–PASS
ələpa
2PL.SUB
ti ə
hikʷ
sp u
PROX
big
basket
gʷə=dəkʷa–t–b
2PL.COORD
ə PR
ə tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ al
SBJ=inside–ICS–PASS
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
at
‘ “You’ll be come upon and you’ll be put in a big basket by the Basket Ogress.” ’ 10 xʷi gʷə s əsƛ’əlabut ə ti ə wiw’su xʷi
gʷə=s= as–ƛ’əlabut
ə
NEG
SBJ=NM=STAT–understand
PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘The children won’t listen.’ 11
ʷul’ əlgʷə ʷul’ only
i q’iləb al ti ə q’il’bids əlgʷə
əlgʷə PL
i –q’ili–b
al
PRTV–aboard–CSMD
at
ti ə
q’il’bid–s
əlgʷə
PROX
canoe–3PO
PL
‘They just get in their canoe.’ 12 huy gʷəl ulu əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ulu
əlgʷə
travel.by.water
PL
‘And then they canoe.’ 13
aliləxʷ əlgʷə alil=axʷ go.ashore=now
al tudi di ucid ə ti ə stuləkʷ əlgʷə PL
al at
tudi
di •ucid
DIST.DMA
other.side•mouth
stuləkʷ river ‘They go ashore there on the other side of the river.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
572
14
Basket Ogress
ahəxʷ sə a ils a=axʷ
s=lə= a –il=s
be.there=now
NM=PROG=dark–INCH=3PO
‘They are there when it is getting dark.’ 15 huy gʷəl q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd huy
gʷəl
q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
s ə əd
SCONJ
SCONJ
cooked–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
food
‘Then their food is cooked.’ 16 q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
s ə əd
cooked–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
food
‘Their food is cooked.’ 17 gʷəl a ti ə taskikəwi gʷəl
a
SCONJ
be.there
ti ə
tu= as–ki–kəwi
PROX
PAST=STAT–ATTN–hunchback
‘And there is one who was a little hunchbacked.’ 18 di tu a ti ə skikəwi di
tu= a
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
FOC
PAST=be.there
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback was there.’ 19 huy gʷəl k’əyayə ti ə s ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su ti ə huy SCONJ
gʷəl
k’əyayə
ti ə
SCONJ
smoked.fish
PROX
s ə əd food
s= as– acbid=s=axʷ
əlgʷə
NM=STAT–provisions=3PO=now
PL
səs acbidsəxʷ əlgʷə ə
PR
ti ə
wiw’su
ti ə
PROX
children
PROX
‘And then the children’s food, their provisions, is smoked salmon.’ 20 q’ʷəltəbaxʷ ti ə s ə əd ə kʷi sə a il q’ʷəl–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
s ə əd
cooked–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
food
ə PR
kʷi
s=lə= a –il
REM
NM=PROG=dark–INCH
‘Their food is cooked in the dark.’ 21 di ti ə səxʷəlušəd ti ə s abyitəbs ti ə kikəwi di
ti ə
səxʷəlušəd
ti ə
s= ab–yi–t–b=s
ti ə
FOC
PROX
fish.tail
PROX
NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
PROX
573
lalacut Agnes Jules James
ki-kəwi ATTN–hunchback
‘What is given to Little Hunchback is the fish tail.’ 22
adəkʷ sə a il ə əd əlgʷə adəkʷ s=lə= a –il
ə əd
NM=PROG=dark–INCH
each
əlgʷə
feed.on
PL
‘Every night they eat.’ 23 ƛ’al’ u xʷ sixʷ bəsxʷəlušəd ti ə s abyitəbs ti ə ƛ’al’
u xʷ
also
PTCL
ti ə
əskikəwi
sixʷ
bə=sxʷəlušəd
ti ə
s= ab–yi–t–b=s
PTCL
ADD=fish.tail
PROX
NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
as–ki–kəwi
PROX
STAT–ATTN–hunchback
‘Again the one who is a little hunchbacked is given another fish tail.’ 24 huy cutəxʷ huy
cut=axʷ
SCONJ
say=now
‘Then he says,’ 25
uˑ əbil’ ələp ck’ʷaqid ƛ’ulə abyic ə ti ə xʷəlušəd u INTJ
əbil’
ələp
perhaps
2PL.SUB
ti ə
xʷəlušəd
PROX
fish.tail
ck’ʷaqid
ƛ’u=lə= ab–yi–t=s
always
HAB=PROG=extend–DAT–ICS=3PO
‘ “Oh, if you always give me the fish tail,” ’ 26
aƛ’txʷ kʷi s əlus aƛ’–txʷ desired–ECS
kʷi
s əlus
REM
fish.tips
‘He wants fish tips.’ 27
ugʷiid əd kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ u=gʷihi–t IRR=invite–ICS
əd 1SG.SUB
kʷsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
REM:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “I’ll call the Basket Ogress.’
ə PR
574
28
Basket Ogress
uqʷi aac əd kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ u=qʷi aa–c
əd
IRR=call.out–ALTV
1SG.SUB
kʷsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
REM:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “I’ll call the Basket Ogress.” ’ 29
uˑ ƛ’aˑl’ bəxʷəlušəd ti ə bəs abyitəbs al bəsə a il bəsu ə əd ə ti ə wiw’su u INTJ
ƛ’al’
bə=xʷəlušəd
ti ə
bə=s= ab–yi–t–b=s
also
ADD=fish.tail
PROX
al
ADD=NM=extend–DAT–ICS–PASS=3PO
bə=s=lə= a –il
bə=s= u– ə əd
ADD=NM=PROG=dark–INCH
ADD=NM=PFV–feed.on
ə PR
at
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘Oh, again what the children give to him to eat on the next night is fish tail.’ 30 huˑy qʷi adəxʷ ti ə skikəwi huy
qʷi ad=axʷ
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
SCONJ
call.out=now
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
‘Then Little Hunchback calls out.’ 31 qʷi adəxʷ qʷi ad=axʷ call.out=now ‘He calls out,’ 32
aˑ kʷ sxʷi uˑq’ʷ aˑ kʷ sxʷi uq’ʷ a kʷ
sxʷi uq’ʷ
seaward
Basket.Ogress
a kʷ seaward
sxʷi uq’ʷ Basket.Ogress
‘ “Come down to shore, Basket Ogress, come down to shore, Basket Ogress!’ 33
ʷul’ xʷəlušəd ti ə dsu abyitəb ə ti ə ds i wiw’su ʷul’ only
xʷəlušəd
ti ə
d=s= u– ab–yi–t–b
fish.tail
PROX
1SG.PO=NM=PFV–extend–DAT–ICS–PASS
d=s= i –wiw’su 1SG.PO=NM=PRTV–children ‘ “What the other children give me is just fish tail.” ’ 34 tiˑləb uləq kʷsi sxʷi uq’ʷ tiləb immediately
u–ləq PFV–listen
kʷsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
REM:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘Right away, the Basket Ogress hears.’
ə PR
ti ə PROX
575
lalacut Agnes Jules James
35
uˑ a ti ə u INTJ
uqʷi aacəbš
a
ti ə
be.there
u–qʷi aad–c–bš
PROX
PFV–call.out–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
‘ “So, there is one who calls me.” ’ 36 She went like that.2 37
uˑ a ti ə u INTJ
uqʷi aacəbš
a
ti ə
be.there
u–qʷi aad–c–bš
PROX
PFV–call.out–ALTV–1SG.OBJ
‘ “So, there is one who calls me.” ’ 38 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə sp u s kʷəda–t=axʷ
ti ə
sp u –s
taken–ICS=now
PROX
basket–3PO
‘She takes her basket.’ 39 huy gʷəl əba ədaxʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əba –t=axʷ backpack–ICS=now
‘And then she packs it on her back.’ 40 huy gʷə(l) ibəšəxʷ huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
‘And then she goes.’ 41 hiˑkʷ aci talbixʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ hikʷ big
aci talbixʷ people
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘The Basket Ogress is a big person.’ 42
u ʷəxʷ li al ti ə lək’aw’k’aw’ ə ti ə bək’ʷ stab u ʷ=axʷ li – al go=now
PRLV–at
ti ə
lə=k’aw’–k’aw’
PROX
PROG=DSTR–bump
ə PR
ti ə
bək’ʷ stab
PROX
all
‘She goes through there and she is bumping into everything.’
__________ 2
This is preceded by something inaudible on the recording.
what
576
Basket Ogress
43
iˑs ti ə wiw’su il–s arrive–ALTV
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘She comes upon the children.’ 44 di ti ə skikəwi ti ə li dᶻixʷ ti skʷədatəbs di
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
ti ə
li –dᶻixʷ
ti
FOC
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
PROX
PRLV–first
SPEC
s=kʷəda–t–b=s NM=taken–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘The first one to be taken is Little Hunchback.’ 45 gʷəl dəgʷatəb dxʷ al ti ə sp u gʷəl
dəkʷa–t–b
dxʷ– al
ti ə
sp u
SCONJ
inside–ICS–PASS
CNTRPT–at
PROX
basket
‘Then he is put inside her basket.’ 46 huy kʷa gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy
kʷa
gʷəl
dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
PTCL
SCONJ
inside–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
children
‘And then the children are put inside.’ 47 gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ gʷəl
dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
inside–ICS–PASS=now
‘And they are put inside.’ 48 gʷəl dəgʷatəbəxʷ dxʷ aˑl sbək’ʷils gʷəl
dəkʷa–t–b=axʷ
dxʷ– al
s=bək’ʷ–il=s
SCONJ
inside–ICS–PASS=now
CNTRPT–at
NM=all–INCH=3PO
‘And they are put inside down to the last one.’ 49 huˑy ibəšəxʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ huy SCONJ
ibəš=axʷ travel=now
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘Then the Basket Ogress travels.’ 50
ubəstxʷəxʷ ti ə wiw’su ubə–stxʷ=axʷ go.inland–ECS=now
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘She takes the children inland.’
577
lalacut Agnes Jules James
51 tiˑləb kʷi s as kʷi ƛ’u ik’ʷ al ti ə sp u s tiləb
kʷi
s= a=s
kʷi
ƛ’u= ik’ʷ
immediately
REM
NM=be.there=3PO
REM
HAB=hooked
al ti ə at
PROX
sp u –s basket–3PO ‘There are abrupt tugs on her basket (as it gets snagged).’ 52
uˑ di ti ə skikəwi ti ə u INTJ
u ik’ʷ
di
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
ti ə
u– ik’ʷ
FOC
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
PROX
PFV–hooked
‘Oh, it is Little Hunchback who snags it.’ 53
ik’ʷi tə skikəwi ik’ʷ•i hooked•bundle
tə
s–ki–kəwi
NSPEC
NP–ATTN–hunchback
‘Little Hunchback snags the basket.’ 54 hay xʷədᶻk’ʷcutəxʷ hay xʷədᶻk’ʷ–t–sut=axʷ SCONJ
squirm–ICS–REFL=now
‘So he squirms out.’ 55 xʷədᶻk’ʷcut ti ə skikəwi dxʷ aˑl s alils ti ə xʷədᶻk’ʷ–t–sut ti ə s–ki–kəwi squirm–ICS–REFL ti ə
PROX
i šəq
NP–ATTN–hunchback
dxʷ– al
s= al–il=s
CNTRPT–at
NM=INCH=3PO
i –šq
PROX
PRTV–high
‘Little Hunchback lifts himself up and out so that he will be even higher.’ 56
aˑdəkʷ ƛ’us alils kʷi əstu qʷ ay adəkʷ each
ƛ’u=s= alil=s
kʷi
HAB=NM=get.to.place=3PO
REM
‘As they get to each leaning tree,’ 57 huy gʷəl ƛ’ukʷədabacəxʷ huy
gʷəl
ƛ’u=kʷəd•abac=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
HAB=taken•body=now
‘And then he always takes hold.’
as–tu STAT–lean
qʷ ay log
578
Basket Ogress
58 xʷi xʷi NEG
‘He can’t (hold on).’ 59
al kʷi s ixʷa ils huy kʷədabacdubutəxʷ ti ə al kʷi at
REM
əskikəwi
s= ixʷ•a –il=s
huy
kʷəd•abac–dxʷ–but=axʷ
NM=three•CLS–INCH=3PO
SCONJ
taken•body–DC–REFL=now
ti ə
as–ki–kəwi STAT–ATTN–hunchback
PROX
‘The third time, the one who is a little hunchbacked manages to hook himself on.’ 60 hay u ʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ hay
u ʷ go
SCONJ
tsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘So Basket Ogress goes.’ 61
iˑldxʷ dxʷ al al als ti ə wiw’su il–dxʷ
dxʷ– al
arrive–DC
al al–s
CNTRPT–at
house–3PO
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘She manages to get the children to her house.’ 62 hay gʷəl ƛ’alilcəxʷ ƛ’alilcəxʷ ə tə ’ƛ’a dxʷ aˑl s ʷuyilcəbsəxʷ ə ti ə hay
gʷəl
ƛ’al•ilc=axʷ
ƛ’al•ilc=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
put.on•round=now
put.on•round=now
’ƛ’a stone
ə PR
dxʷ– al
s= ʷuy•ilc–b=s=axʷ
CNTRPT–at
NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO=now
’ƛ’a
tə NSPEC
ə PR
ti ə PROX
’ƛ’a stone ‘So then she puts stones (on the fire) so they can be steam-cooked by the stones.’ 63 huy ƛ’iqidəxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy
ƛ’iqi–t=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
emerge–ICS=now
PROX
children
‘Then she takes the children out.’ 64 gʷəl ƛ’iqidəxʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəl
ƛ’iqi–t=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
emerge–ICS=now
PROX
children
‘And she takes the children out.’
579
lalacut Agnes Jules James
65
uˑ xʷi ti ə skikəwi u
xʷi
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
INTJ
NEG
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
‘ “Oh, Little Hunchback isn’t here.’ 66
aˑ u ə id ti ə skikəwi u– ə id
a INTJ
PFV–what.happen
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
‘ “Hey, what happened to Little Hunchback?’ 67 xʷu ələ haw’ə usaxʷəbdubut xʷu ələ
haw’ə
maybe
PTCL
u–saxʷəb–dxʷ–but PFV–jump–DC–REFL
‘ “I guess he must have managed to run away.” ’ 68 huy saxʷəbəxʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ huy
saxʷəb=axʷ
tsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SCONJ
jump=now
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘Then Basket Ogress runs.’ 69 putəxʷ suhiqicut ə kikəwi put=axʷ
s= u–hiqi–t–sut
really=now
NM=PFV–pushed–ICS–REFL
ə
ki-kəwi
PR
ATTN–hunchback
‘At that moment Little Hunchback is shoving off.’ 70 kʷədadəxʷ ti ə
ʷubt əslu lu
kʷəda–t=axʷ
ti ə
taken–ICS=now
PROX
ʷubt
as–lu –lu
paddle
STAT–DSTR–holed
‘He takes the paddle that had a hole in it.’ 71 put əslu lu ti ə put really
ʷubt
as–lu –lu STAT–DSTR–holed
ti ə
ʷubt
PROX
paddle
‘The paddle really is full of holes.’ 72 ƛ’upusutəb ə tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ ƛ’u=pusu–t–b HAB=thrown.at–ICS–PASS
ə PR
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘He is thrown at by Basket Ogress.’
580
73
Basket Ogress
ʷuˑl’ ƛ’ulə u ʷ li al ti ə səslu ti ə ƛ’u s pusutəbs ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=lə= u ʷ
li – al
ti ə
səslu
ti ə
HAB=PROG=go
PRLV–at
PROX
hole
PROX
ƛ’u=s=pusu–t–b=s HAB=NM=thrown.at–ICS–PASS=3PO
‘What is being thrown at him just goes through the hole (in his paddle).’ 74
iš kikəwi iš paddle
iš
ki-kəwi
iš
ATTN–hunchback
paddle
‘Little Hunchback paddles, he paddles.’ 75 ƛ’upusutəb ƛ’u=pusu–t–b HAB=thrown.at–ICS–PASS
‘He is thrown at.’ 76
ʷul’ ƛ’ulə əƛ’ li al ti ə səslu ti ə
’ƛ’a
ʷul’ only
ƛ’u=lə= əƛ’
li – al
ti ə
səslu
ti ə
HAB=PROG=come
PRLV–at
PROX
hole
PROX
’ƛ’a stone
‘The stones just come through the hole (in his paddle).’ 77
aˑ dxʷ ʷaˑl’igʷəd sxʷi uq’ʷ a INTJ
dxʷ– ʷal’•igʷəd
sxʷi uq’ʷ
CTD–fail•inside.body
Basket.Ogress
‘Oh, Basket Ogress gives up.’ 78 huy bəlkʷ huy
bəlkʷ
SCONJ
return
‘Then she goes back.’ 79 gʷəl huy ʷuyilcəbədəxʷ ti ə wiw’su gʷəl
huy
SCONJ
SCONJ
ʷuy•ilc–b–t=axʷ steam.cook•round–MD–ICS=now
‘And then she (is going to) steam-cook the children.’ 80 hudilcəxʷ hud•ilc=axʷ burn•round=now ‘The stones are warm now.’
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
581
lalacut Agnes Jules James
81
aˑ q’ʷu cut ti ə wiw’su a INTJ
q’ʷu –t–sut
ti ə
wiw’su
gathered–ICS–REFL
PROX
children
‘Oh, the children get together.’ 82 gʷəl q’ʷu cutəxʷ ti ə day’ i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su gʷəl
q’ʷu –t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
day’
i –luƛ’–luƛ’
SCONJ
gathered–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
uniquely
PRTV–DSTR–old
‘And just the older children get together.’ 83 huy tatababəxʷ huy
tatabab=axʷ
SCONJ
confer=now
‘Then they talk things over.’ 84
uˑ u ə id ələp u INTJ
u– ə id
ələp
PFV–what.happen
2PL.SUB
‘ “Oh, what is happening with you guys?” ’ 85 tu ʷ ə ləcuhii bid ti dəgʷi ə t(i) adsu ʷuyilcəb tu ʷ just
ə 1PL.SUB
ləcu–hii –bi–t
ti
dəgʷi
CONT–happy–MAP–ICS
SPEC
you
ə PR
ti SPEC
ad=s= u– ʷuy•ilc–b 2SG.PO=NM=PFV–steam.cook•round–MD ‘ “We are just happy for you as you are steam cooking.’ 86
aƛ’txʷ ə kʷi gʷadst’ilib gʷadsdᶻubalikʷ dᶻixʷbid ə kʷi adsq’ʷəltubu aƛ’–txʷ
ə
kʷi
desired–ECS
1PL.SUB REM gʷə=ad=s=dᶻub–alikʷ SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=kick–ACT
gʷə=ad=s=t’ilib SBJ=2SG.PO=NM=sing
dᶻixʷ–bid
ə
first–RLNL PR
kʷi REM
u=ad=s=q’ʷəl–t–ubu IRR=2SG.PO=NM=cooked–ICS–1PL.OBJ
‘ “We want you to sing and dance before you cook us.” ’ 87 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’
wiw’su children
582
Basket Ogress
88 dᶻubalikʷ əxʷ dᶻub–alikʷ əxʷ 2SG.SUB
kick–ACT ‘ “Dance!” ’ 89 ƛ’ub ƛ’ub well ‘ “Okay.” ’
90 huy dᶻubalikʷəxʷ tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ huy dᶻub–alikʷ=axʷ tsi SCONJ
kick–ACT=now
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘Then the Basket Ogress danced.’ 91
ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD wiw’su
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
ʷuy•ilc–b
children steam.cook•round–MD tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
ʷuy•ilc–b
tə
steam.cook•round–MD
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
NSPEC
ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD
‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks, steamcook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’ 92
uˑ uˑ day’əxʷ ha u
u
INTJ
INTJ
ti i adsut’ilib
day’=axʷ
ha
ti i
ad=s= u–t’ilib
uniquely=now
good
DIST
2SG.PO=NM=PFV–sing
‘ “Oh, oh, your song is very good.’ 93 puˑt əxʷ bət’ilib put
əxʷ
really
2SG.SUB
bə=t’ilib ADD=sing
‘ “Really, sing it again!” ’ 94
ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD
tə NSPEC
wiw’su children ‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’
583
lalacut Agnes Jules James
95 huy ƛ’uq’ʷu cutəxʷ ti ə
i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su i qʷiq’ʷqʷiq’ʷ wiw’su
huy
ƛ’u=q’ʷu –t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
SCONJ
HAB=gathered–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
i –qʷiq’ʷ–qʷiq’ʷ
wiw’su
PRTV–DSTR–strong
children
i –luƛ’–luƛ’
wiw’su
PRTV–DSTR–old
children
‘Then the older children, the stronger children, got together.’ 96 ƛ’ub ə ukʷədad ƛ’ub
ə
well
a ədəd dxʷ al ti i səs ʷuyilcəbs s ʷuyilcəbs ’ƛ’a u=kʷəda–t
1PL.SUB
a
IRR=taken–ICS
əd–t
1PL.COORD
pushed–ICS
dxʷ– al
ti i
CNTRPT–at
DIST
s= as– ʷuy•ilc–b=s
s= ʷuy•ilc–b=s
NM=STAT–steam.cook•round–MD=3PO
NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO
’ƛ’a stone ‘ “We had better grab her and push her into the steam-cooking pit, the steamcooking stones.” ’ 97
uˑ ləcu idigʷat ələp wiw’su u
ləcu– idigʷat
ələp
CONT–say.what
INTJ
2PL.SUB
wiw’su children
‘ “Oh, what are you saying, children?” ’ 98
uˑ tu ʷ ə ləcuhii bid ti dəgʷi u
tu ʷ
INTJ
just
ə 1PL.SUB
ləcu–hii –bi–t
ti
dəgʷi
CONT–happy–MAP–ICS
SPEC
you
‘ “Oh, we are just very happy for you.’ 99
ista
ə kʷi us əƛ’s u s alils ti ə
ista
ə
be.like
PR
kʷi ə
1PL.PO
a 1PL.COORD
a u ədəd
u=s= al–il=s
IRR=NM=come=3PO
REM
’it–bid near–RLNL
’itbid ə
u=s= əƛ’=s
IRR=NM=at–INCH=3PO
ti ə PROX
u= əd–t IRR=push–ICS
‘ “It’s that when she comes she will be nearer to us and we will push her.’ 100
uˑ lə əƛ’axʷ tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ u INTJ
lə= əƛ’=axʷ
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROG=come=now
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “Oh, the Basket Ogress is coming now.” ’
584
101
Basket Ogress
ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuyilcəb tə wiw’su ʷuy•ilc–b steam.cook•round–MD
tə
wiw’su
NSPEC
children
ʷuy•ilc–b
tə
steam.cook•round–MD
NSPEC
wiw’su children ‘♪ “Steam-cook children on the rocks, steam-cook children on the rocks.” ♪’ 102
uˑ tu ədtəbaxʷəs
ə ti ə
i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su tiˑləb dxʷ al ti ə
əs ʷuyilcəb
’əƛ’ ’ƛ’a u INTJ
tu= əd–t–b=axʷ=as
ə
PAST=pushed–ICS–PASS=now=3SBJ
PR
ti ə
i –luƛ’–luƛ’
PROX
wiw’su
tiləb
dxʷ– al
ti ə
children
immediately
CNTRPT–at
PROX
PRTV–DSTR–old
as– ʷuy•ilc–b STAT–steam.cook•round–MD
’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone
‘Oh, when she was pushed by the children (she falls) immediately onto the stones for steam cooking.’ 103
alibš i wiw’su ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ
i 2PL.IMP
wiw’su children
‘ “Take me out of the fire, children!’ 104
alibš i wiw’su u abaqtubu əd əd. ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ
i 2PL.IMP
wiw’su children
u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ
əd 1SG.SUB ‘ “Take me out of the fire, children, I will take you back!’ 105
alibš i wiw’su u abaqtubu əd əd ali–bš remove.from.fire–1SG.OBJ
i
wiw’su
2PL.IMP children
u= abaq–t–ubu əd IRR=return–ICS–2PL.OBJ
əd 1SG.SUB ‘ “Take me out of the fire, children, I will take you back!’
585
lalacut Agnes Jules James
106
uˑ kʷədad i ti siq’wayu u
kʷəda–t taken–ICS
INTJ
i 2PL.IMP
ti
siq’wayu
SPEC
forked.stick
‘ “Oh, take the pronged stick!” ’ 107
u alš ə tsi kia ləp u– al–š
ə
PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS
1PL.SUB
tsi
kia –ləp
SPEC:FEM
grandmother–2PL.PO
‘ “We are taking you guys’ grandmother out of the fire.’ 108
u alš ə u– al–š
ə 1PL.SUB
PFV–remove.from.fire–ICS
‘ “We are taking her out of the fire.” ’ 109 kʷədad i ti siq’wayu kʷəda–t
i 2PL.IMP
taken–ICS
ti
siq’wayu
SPEC
forked.stick
‘ “Take the pronged stick.” ’ 110 kʷaˑ
ʷul’əxʷ ukʷədatəb
kʷa
ʷul’=axʷ only=now
PTCL
u–kʷəda–t–b PFV–taken–ICS–PASS
‘However, it is just taken.’ 111 gʷəl biq’itəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su dxʷ aˑl s ʷul’səxʷ uƛ’iq’ dxʷ al ti ’əƛ’ ’ƛ’a gʷəl
biq’i–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
pressed–ICS–PASS=now
ə
s= ʷul’=s=axʷ
PR
u–ƛ’iq’
NM=only=3PO=now
PFV–sticky
ti ə
wiw’su
dxʷ– al
PROX
children
CNTRPT–at
dxʷ– al
ti
CNTRPT–at
SPEC
’əƛ’– ’ƛ’a DSTR–stone
‘And she is pressed down by the children so that she is stuck to the stones.’ 112
aˑtəbəd tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ atəbəd tsi die
SPEC:FEM
sxʷi uq’ʷ Basket.Ogress
‘The Basket Ogress dies.’ 113 kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə bədbəda s kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
bəd–bəda –s
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
DSTR–offspring–3PO
‘Her children are taken.’
586
Basket Ogress
114 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ huy
gʷəl
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
‘And then they are taken.’ 115 gʷəl iq’ʷiduptəb dxʷ al ti ə s ʷuy’ilcəb s ti i i gʷəl
iq’ʷ•i•dup–t–b
SCONJ
swept•CNN•land–ICS–PASS
’ƛ’a
dxʷ– al
ti ə
CNTRPT–at
PROX
s= ʷuy’•ilc–b=s
ti –i i
NM=steam.cook•round–MD=3PO
PL–DIST
’ƛ’a stone
‘And they are swept onto the cooking rocks.’ 116 dxʷ aˑl cutəb ti ə wiw’su dxʷ– al
cut–t–b
ti ə
wiw’su
CNTRPT–at
say–ICS–PASS
PROX
children
‘Until it is spoken by the children,’ 117 di əxʷ ust’uk’ʷdubut ə di =axʷ
3
u=s=t’uk’ʷ–dxʷ–but
FOC=now
IRR=NM=go.home–DC–REFL
ə 1PL.PO
‘ “That is how we will manage to get ourselves home.” ’ 118 huˑy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ tə siq’ʷsiq’ʷwayu huy
gʷəl
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
tə
siq’ʷ–siq’ʷwayu
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
NSPEC
DSTR–forked.stick
‘And then forked sticks are taken.’ 119 huy gʷəl biq’itəbəxʷ ə ti ə wiw’su huy
gʷəl
biq’i–t–b=axʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
pressed–ICS–PASS=now
ə PR
ti ə
wiw’su
PROX
children
‘And then she is pressed down by the children.’ 120
aˑtəbəd tsi ə sxʷi uq’ʷ atəbəd die
tsi ə
sxʷi uq’ʷ
PROX:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘The Basket Ogress dies.’
__________ 3
The tape reel runs out at this point and the story is picked up again in the following line.
587
lalacut Agnes Jules James
121 huy gʷəl kʷədatəbəxʷ ti ə wiw’su sxʷi uq’ʷ huy
gʷəl
kʷəda–t–b=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SCONJ
SCONJ
taken–ICS–PASS=now
PROX
children
Basket.Ogress
‘And then they take the Basket Ogress children.’ 122 huy gʷəl iq’ʷitəbəxʷ dxʷ al ti ə səs ʷuy’ilcəb s dxʷ al ti i huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
iq’ʷi–t–b=axʷ swept–ICS–PASS=now
SCONJ
’ƛ’ ’ƛ’a
dxʷ– al
ti ə
CNTRPT–at
PROX
s= as– ʷuy’•ilc–b=s
dxʷ– al
ti i
’ƛ’– ’ƛ’a
NM=STAT–steam.cook•round–PASS=3PO
CNTRPT–at
DIST
DSTR–stone
‘And then they are swept onto the cooking stones.’ 123 huˑy yuˑbiləxʷ ti ə wiw’su huy
yubil=axʷ
ti ə
wiw’su
SCONJ
die=now
PROX
children
‘And the (Ogress’) children die.’ 124 huy gʷəl qʷibicutəxʷ ti ə
i luƛ’luƛ’ wiw’su
huy
gʷəl
qʷibi–t–sut=axʷ
ti ə
i –luƛ’–luƛ’
SCONJ
SCONJ
prepared–ICS–REFL=now
PROX
PRTV–DSTR–old
wiw’su children
‘And then the older children get themselves ready.’ 125 huy gʷəl əba təbəxʷ ti ə maˑ mad wiw’su huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
əba –t–b=axʷ backpack–ICS–PASS=now
ti ə
ma –mad
wiw’su
PROX
ATTN–small
children
‘And then the small children are backpacked.’ 126 huy gʷəl gʷaxʷəxʷ əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
gʷaxʷ=axʷ
əlgʷə
SCONJ
SCONJ
walk=now
PL
‘And then they walk.’ 127
ahəxʷ kʷa ti ə skikəwi a=axʷ be.there=now
u iləxʷ dxʷ al ti ə
i išəds
kʷa
ti ə
s–ki–kəwi
PTCL
PROX
NP–ATTN–hunchback
dxʷ– al
ti ə
CNTRPT–at
PROX
u= il=axʷ IRR=arrive=now
i– iišəd–s RDP–relatives–3PO
‘There, meanwhile, is Little Hunchback about to arrive at his people.’
588
Basket Ogress
128 yicəbəxʷ yic–b=axʷ reported–CSMD=now ‘He reports to them.’ 129
uˑ
isəb ə
u
ə tsi sxʷi uq’ʷ ə
il–s–b arrive–ALTV–PASS
INT
ə
1PL.SUB
PR
tsi
sxʷi uq’ʷ
SPEC:FEM
Basket.Ogress
‘ “Oh, we have been come upon by Basket Ogress.’ 130 gʷəl u ʷtub ti bəˑk’ʷ tubədbəda ləp gʷəl
u ʷ–txʷ–b
SCONJ
go–ECS–PASS
ti
bək’ʷ
tu=bəd–bəda –ləp
SPEC
all
PAST=DSTR–offspring–2PL.PO
‘ “And she has taken all of your children.’ 131 yaˑ əxʷ əxʷ gʷu ə itub əxʷ ya =axʷ
əxʷ
unable=now
gʷə= u– ə id–txʷ–b
2SG.SUB
əxʷ
SBJ=PFV–what.happen–ECS–PASS
2SG.SUB
‘ “You could not have known what has been done to you.” ’ 132 šuuc i kʷi dəxʷəs a lil ə ti tubədbəda šu –c
i 2PL.IMP
see–ALTV
ə
kʷi
dəxʷ= as– a lil
REM
ADNM=STAT–live
tu=bəd–bəda
ə PR
ti SPEC
ə
PAST=DSTR–offspring
1PL.PO
‘ “Just look at (what has happened to) our children who lived here!” ’ 133
u ʷəxʷ ti ə tu ihišəd ə ti ə tuwiw’su u ʷ=axʷ go=now
ti ə
tu= iišəd
PROX
PAST=family
ə PR
ti ə
tu=wiw’su
PROX
PAST=children
‘The former families of the former children go now.’ 134 gʷəl aliləxʷ gʷəl SCONJ
alil=axʷ go.ashore=now
‘And they go ashore.’ 135 huy gʷəl šuucəb ti ə dəxʷəs a lil ə ti ə tuwiw’su huy
gʷəl
šu –c–b
ti ə
dəxʷ= as– a lil
SCONJ
SCONJ
see–ALTV–PASS
PROX
ADNM=STAT–live
ə PR
ti ə PROX
589
lalacut Agnes Jules James
tu=wiw’su PAST=children
‘And then they see the former children of the village.’ 136 tiˑləb kʷi s əƛ’ ə ti wiw’su tiləb
kʷi
s= əƛ’
immediately
REM
NM=come
ə PR
ti
wiw’su
SPEC
children
‘The coming of the children is sudden.’ 137
uˑ ugʷəlald ə tsi i tusxʷi uq’ʷ u
ə
u–gʷəlal–t PFV–harmed–ICS
INTJ
1PL.SUB
tsi i
tu=sxʷi uq’ʷ
DIST:FEM
PAST=Basket.Ogress
‘ “Oh, we killed the Basket Ogress.’ 138 kʷədad ə
a ədəd dxʷ al ti ə s ʷuyilcəb ’ƛ’ ’ƛ’a
kʷəda–t
ə
taken–ICS
a
1PL.SUB
əd–t
1PL.COORD
pushed–ICS
dxʷ– al
ti ə
CNTRPT–at
PROX
’ƛ’– ’ƛ’a
s= ʷuy•ilc–b NM=steam.cook•round–MD
DSTR–stone
‘ “We have grabbed her and pushed her onto the cooking rocks.’ 139 huy gʷəl atəbədəxʷ bəˑk’ʷ ti ə tubədbəda s əlgʷə huy
gʷəl
SCONJ
SCONJ
atəbəd=axʷ die=now
bək’ʷ ti ə
tu=bəd–bəda –s
əlgʷə
all
PAST=DSTR–offspring–3PO
PL
PROX
‘ “And then all her children died, too.” ’ 140 diˑ dəxʷck’ʷaqid səsƛ’alabut
ə kʷi wiw’su
di
dəxʷ=ck’ʷaqid
s= as–ƛ’alabut
FOC
ADNM=always
NM=STAT–understand
ə PR
kʷi
wiw’su
REM
children
‘That is why children always take heed.’ 141
əsƛ’əlabutbitəb kʷi yəl’yəlabs as–ƛ’əlabut–bi–t–b STAT–understand–MAP–ECS–PASS
‘Their parents are taken heed of.’ 142 di sšac’s di
s=šac’=s
FOC
NM=end=3PO
‘That’s the end.’
kʷi
yəl’–yəlab–s
REM
DSTR–elder–3PO
Glossary of Terms
This purpose of this glossary is to explain, in relatively informal language, the meanings of the terms used in the abbreviations found in the interlinear analyses of the texts and some of the technical terms used in the Introduction. Words in boldface in the definitions below signify terms that have their own definitions in the glossary. While not always technically precise, they should give readers a good sense of the intended meaning of the terminology used in this volume; there are also good (and more accurate) definitions and discussions of many of them online. For each definition, two or three typical uses from the present volume are cited by page and line number. absent (ABS) – indicates that the one being referred to is not present [page 150, line 582; page 190, line 864]. activity (ACT) – a suffix added to a verb to indicate that the subject is performing a culturally significant activity [page 74, line 13; page 331, line 66]. additive (ADD) – a clitic meaning ‘also’, ‘again’, or ‘more’ page 35, line 24; page 47, line 120; page 62, line 237]. adjunct – a part of a sentence that is not required but that adds extra information, such as a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb. adjunctive nominalizer (ADNM) – a clitic that changes the meaning of a clause to refer to a means, motive, or place for the action described by the verb in that clause [page 38, line 47; page 41, line 70; page 42, line 82]. affix (–) – a part of a word that is not its root and that can be assigned a specific grammatical meaning or function. allative applicative (ALTV) – a suffix that adds a goal towards which the subject moves [page 120, line 361; page 188, line 849].
592
Glossary of Terms
allomorphic – reflecting different pronunciations of an affix (e.g., the difference in the sound of the plural -s in cats versus dogs). allophonic – reflecting a change or variation in pronunciation of a sound that does not alter meaning (e.g., the difference in the sound of the /t/ in write versus writing). applicative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new object. aspect – an inflection of a verb that indicates whether it refers to a complete event or something that is ongoing, an unchanging state, etc. attenuative (ATTN) – a reduplication applied to a word that indicates either small size or diminished force [page 32, line 5; page 210, line 83]. autonomous (AUTO) – a suffix that indicates that the subject of a verb has acted deliberately to achieve the state described by the verb’s root [page 99, line 205; page 375, line 54]. causative – an affix that changes the meaning of a verb by adding a new subject that causes the event described by the verb. causative middle (CSMD) – an affix that adds a new subject who causes the event and whose own interests are affected [page 146, line 548; page 484, line 284]. centrifugal (CNTRFG) – expressing motion away from the centre or the point of reference (“from”) page 76, line 28; page 140, line 503]. centripetal (CNTRPT) – expressing motion towards the centre or the point of reference (“to”) page 34, line 15; page 48, line 125]. classifier (CLS) – a suffix used in conjunction with a numeral for counting [page 472, line 188; page 578, line 59]. clause – the part of a sentence that expresses an event or a state and identifies the participants in that event or state. Minimally, a clause contains a predicate (usually a verb) and a subject. A sentence may consist of more than one clause. clitic (=) – an element that is pronounced together with a word that it is not really a part of (e.g., English re in they’re) [see Introduction, pages 18 to 21]. collective (COLL) – a lexical suffix denoting a group or collectivity [page 183, line 818]. connective (CNN) – a meaningless element that occurs between two affixes and helps to join them [page 48, line 128; page 138, line 493]. conjunction (CONJ) – a word used to connect two or more words or phrases (e.g., English and or but). contained (CTD) – a very common prefix with many meanings; originally it had to do with processes that are localized or carried out within some form of containment [page 207, line 62; page 328, line 45], but over time it has come to be used most
Glossary of Terms
593
commonly in words for thoughts, desires, and internal mental states [page 35, line 25; page 64, line 254; page 171, line 734]. continuous (CONT) – an aspect indicating that an event is drawn out over an uninterrupted period of time [page 320, line 75; page 380, line 92]. coordinated – joined by a conjunction such as English and, or, or but. coordinative (COORD) – a special form of pronominal used in a second or subsequent clause in a series of coordinated (compound) sentences [page 40, line 68; page 168, line 710]. dative applicative (DAT) – a secondary suffix that adds a recipient to a clause [page 41, line 75; page 41, line 76]. deictic – having to do with locating something in space relative to the speaker. demonstrative adverbial (DMA) – a type of adverb used to indicate distance and spatial location [page 81, line 62; page 98, line 190]; sometimes these can function as determiners [page 54, line 176; page 94, line 162]. derivational – having to do with the formation of words. desiderative (DSD) – a suffix added to a verb indicating that the subject wishes to perform the action expressed by the verb; it is always accompanied by the contained prefix [page 35, line 25; page 64, line 254]. determiner – a word like the English the or a that introduces a noun or a phrase used as a noun. diminished control (DC) – a suffix used to indicate that the subject is not in complete control of the event described by the verb [page 52, line 162; page 560, line 16]. diminished effectiveness (DIM.EFF) – a reduplication that indicates that an action is performed only partially or ineffectively over and over again [page 34, line 18; page 255, line 148]. distal (DIST) – indicates that something is at a distance from the speaker (further away than proximal, closer than remote). distributive (DSTR) – a reduplication that, when applied to nouns, indicates plurality [page 35, line 23; page 35, line 28] and, when applied to verbs, indicates an action carried out over an area, repeatedly, or by several people [page 51, line 153; page 61, line 230; page 100, line 208]. enclitic – a clitic that comes after the word it attaches to. epenthesis – the insertion of an extra sound in certain phonological contexts. etymology – the study of the history of words.
594
Glossary of Terms
external causative (ECS) – a causative suffix used to add a subject that is less directly involved in the event it causes [page 44, line 100; page 47, line 117] or is not physically affected by the event [page 40, line 68; page 42, line 79]. feminine (FEM) – a form of a word used to refer to females, small things, or things the speaker has affection for. focus (FOC) – indicates that the subject of the sentence is a particular thing that is being singled out for attention [page 86, line 106; page 206, line 58; page 232, line 249]. fossilized – being recognizable as an affix or other part of a word but not having its original meaning (or any meaning at all) because of historical developments. generic – referring to a type of thing rather than anything in particular. gloss – translation. habitual (HAB) – an aspect that indicates that an action is done habitually or repeatedly over a period of time [page 34, line 19; page 68, line 285]. human (HMN) – a form of numeral used to count people. imperative (IMP) – a particle used as part of a command [page 51, line 148; page 68, line 286]. inchoative (INCH) – a suffix that indicates the beginning of an action or state [page 41, line 77; page 50, line 143]. inflection – grammatical elements that are required by words in specific contexts. internal causative (ICS) –a suffix used to add a subject to an event in which it is directly, usually physically, involved [page 40, line 68; page 43, line 91]. instrumental (INSTR) – a prefix added to verbs to create nouns expressing an instrument that is used to perform an action or activity [page 105, line 243; page 501, line 406]. intensivity (INTNS) – a reduplication applied to a verb or an adverb to intensify its meaning (in a way similar to the English very) [page 66, line 271; page 504, line 433]. interjection (INTJ) – a word that expresses speaker attitude and that can be used either on its own or as part of a sentence (e.g., English “Wow!” or “Really?”). interrogative (INT) – a particle used to indicate that a sentence is a question [page 38, line 52; page 58, line 208]. irrealis (IRR) – a mood that indicates that the clause describes an event that hasn’t happened yet (i.e., the future) or is considered unlikely to happen or hypothetical [page 33, line 13; page 86, line 105]. lexeme – the dictionary form of a word, excluding any inflections it may have. lexical class – part of speech (noun, verb, etc.).
Glossary of Terms
595
lexical suffix (•) – a suffix that has a concrete, substantive meaning, usually translated as a noun in English [see Introduction, page 18]. middle (MD) – a suffix that has a wide range of meanings, mostly indicating that the event or action involves or affects only the subject [page 47, line 119; page 91, line 144; page 100, line 209]. middle applicative (MAP) – a secondary suffix that adds a new object to a verb; the object is usually not directly or physically affected by the event [page 130, line 437; page 131, line 441]. modal – expressing mood. monomorphemic – consisting of only one analyzable part. mood – an inflection of verbs that usually indicates speaker attitude about either the reality of an event or its desirability. morpheme – a part of a word that expresses some meaning. morphology – the rules and patterns governing the makeup of words in a language. morphophonemics – phonological changes that apply only to particular affixes. negative proclitic (NEGP) – a clitic that appears in certain types of negative sentences [page 36, line 34; page 44, line 93]. nominalizer (NM) – a clitic that is attached to an adverb or a verb in a clause, making the clause more like a noun (similar to English -ing in expressions like Bill’s competing in the race) [page 11, line 20; page 42, line 77; page 42, line 84]. nominalizing prefix (NP) – a prefix attached to verbs to make them into nouns [page 177, line 773; page 501, line 407], or to nouns to make them generic [page 61, line 231; page 255, line 141]. non-compositional – having a meaning that is not the exact sum of the meanings of its parts (e.g., white-collar). non-specific (NSPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a kind of thing rather than some particular individual. object (OBJ) – the word or phrase that expresses the target of an action (like bread in the baker sliced the bread); objects are often expressed by suffixes on verbs rather than by nouns or pronouns [page 44, line 94; page 51, line 155]. passive (PASS) – a suffix that makes what is usually the object of a verb its subject; what is usually the subject appears in a prepositional phrase in a passive sentence (for example, the English passive of the dog chased the cat is the cat was chased by the dog) [page 46, line 113; page 53, line 163]. partitive (PRTV) – a prefix that means “others” and indicates that only some of the people on the scene perform an action [page 52, line 158; page 183, line 814; page
596
Glossary of Terms
190, line 869], or that only part of a group or an object is involved in an event or action [page 73, line 2; page 113, line 300]. particle (PTCL) – a word that stands by itself without taking affixes of any kind; such words usually have abstract or grammatical meanings. perfective (PFV) – an aspect that indicates that an action is completed [page 42, line 81; page 45, line 105]. phoneme – a sound of a language that could be represented by a unique letter in an alphabet. Changing a phoneme in a word can potentially change it to another word. phonology – the system of sounds used by a language and the rules that govern their combination and interaction. phonotactics – restrictions on the possible combinations of sounds allowed by a language. person – a grammatical term that refers to the people involved in a conversation. First person is the speaker (“I” and “we”), second person is the person being addressed (“you” and “you guys”), and third person is a third party or thing that is being talked about (“he,” “she,” “it,” “they”). predicate – part of a clause that states something about, identifies, or classifies the subject. prefix – an affix that is added before a root. preposition (PR) – a word used to introduce a noun into a clause. Lushootseed has two prepositions: ʔal ‘at’, which appears alone or combines with the centrifugal, centripetal, or prolative prefixes, and ʔə, which has no real meaning but performs a number of grammatical functions. proclitic – a clitic that comes before the word it attaches to. proclivative (PROC) – a prefix for professions or people with a predisposition to perform particular actions [page 58, line 205; page 73, line 3]. progressive (PROG) – an aspect that indicates that an action is in progress or takes place over a stretch of time [page 35, line 26; page 46, line 116]. prolative (PRLV) – indicates location or motion distributed over an area [page 361, line 40; page 389, line 160], or motion along a path [page 150, line 582; page 204, line 36]. pronominal – a clitic that indicates the subject of a sentence (similar to the English pronouns I or she, but not a full word). propriative (PROP) – a prefix indicating ownership or possession [page 32, line 5; page 35, line 24]. prosodic – having to do with the rhythmic or intonational pattern of speech. proximal (PROX) – indicates that something is close to the speaker.
Glossary of Terms
597
purposive (PRPV) – a suffix that means ‘go in order to do something’ page 272, line 77; page 341, line 138]. quotative (QTV) – a particle that indicates the speaker is simply repeating something he or she heard someone else say [page 66, line 270; page 303, line 48]. radical – a technical term for “root.” reciprocal (RCP) – a marker on the verb that indicates that the subject acts on the object and the object acts in the same way as the subject (e.g., English each other in they hit each other) [page 226, line 205]. reduplication (RDP) – a copy of a part of a word that is added back onto the word itself to express some kind of grammatical meaning. Lushootseed has several types of reduplication, the most common being the attenuative and the distributive. reference-tracking – a system for keeping track of who is being talked about in a story or conversation. reflexive (REFL) – a suffix that indicates that the subject is acting on itself (e.g., himself in English, as in he cut himself) [page 55, line 181; page 69, line 293]. relational (RLNL) – a suffix with a number of meanings, most commonly used to form expressions of relative spatial location [page 38, line 52; page 69, line 293]. remote/hypothetical (REM) – indicates that something is far from the speaker, or that it is considered not to be real or is only a possibility. root – the basic part of a word that expresses its central meaning (e.g., write in English rewrites). secondary suffix (SS) – a suffix that combines with other suffixes in order to change the meaning of the verb in a variety of ways. Lushootseed has a variety of these, including the dative and middle applicatives. sentential conjunction (SCONJ) – a word used to organize sentences in a story. specific (SPEC) – indicates that the following noun refers to a specific individual. stative (STAT) – an aspect indicating that what the verb describes is a lasting state or state of affairs [page 11, line 19; page 32, line 1]. subject – the protagonist or most important participant in an event. subjunctive (SBJ) – a mood that indicates that an event is uncertain or hypothetical, or (in negative sentences) that it is not achievable [page 36, line 33; page 42, line 83]. subordinate (SBRD) – special pronominal subject clitics used on verbs in some kinds of subordinate clause [page 47, line 118; page 74, line 10].
598
Glossary of Terms
subordinate clause – a clause that is part of another clause and cannot stand on its own as a full sentence (e.g., if I had known in English: if I had known, I wouldn’t have done that) suffix – an affix that is added after a root. syntax – the rules that govern the structure of sentences and the combination of words in a language. temporal – expressing tense. tense – an inflection of verbs that indicates whether the event happened in the past, present, or future. unique (UNQ) – indicates that the following noun is a unique individual. valency – the total number of subjects and objects that a verb can have. wordform – the full form of a word, including inflections.
References
Bates, Dawn, Thomas M. Hess, and Vi Hilbert. 1994. Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Beck, David. 1999. “Words and Prosodic Phrasing in Lushootseed Narrative.” In Studies on the Phonological Word, ed. Toby A. Hall and Ursula Kleinhenz, 23-46. Amsterdam: Benjamins. –. 2000. “Semantic Agents, Syntactic Subjects, and Discourse Topics: How to Locate Lushootseed Sentences in Space and Time.” Studies in Language 24: 277-317. Beck, David, and David Bennett. 2007. “Extending the Prosodic Hierarchy: Evidence from Lushootseed Narrative.” Northwest Journal of Linguistics 1: 1-34. http://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/. Beck, David, and Thom Hess. 2010. “Two syəyəhub from Harry Moses.” In A Festschrift for Thomas M. Hess on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, ed. David Beck, 1-54. Whatcom Museum Publications 21. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum Publications. Bierwert, Crisca. 1996. Lushootseed Texts: An Introduction to Puget Sound Salish Narrative Aesthetics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa, and M. Dale Kinkade. 1998. “Salish Languages and Linguistics.” In Salish Languages and Linguistics: Theoretical and Descriptive Perspectives, ed. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins and M. Dale Kinkade, 1-68. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Hess, Thomas M. 1976. Dictionary of Puget Salish. Seattle: American Indian Studies, University of Washington Press. –. 1977. “Lushootseed Dialects.” Anthropological Linguistics 19: 403-19.
600
References
–. 1982. “Traces of ‘Abnormal’ Speech in Lushootseed.” In Papers for the 17th International Conference on Salishan and Neighboring Languages, 89-97. Portland, OR. –. 1995. Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar. Volume I: Four Stories from Edward Sam. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 1998. Lushootseed Reader with Intermediate Grammar. Volume II: Four Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. –. 2006. Lushootseed Reader with English Translations. Volume III: Four More Stories from Martha Lamont. Missoula: University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu. 199 a. ə ’usədə
ə gʷəqʷulc’ə , Aunt Susie Sampson Peter:
The Wisdom of a Skagit Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. –. 1995b. siastənu, “Gram” Ruth Sehome Shelton: The Wisdom of a Tulalip Elder. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. –. 1996. Lady Louse Lived There. Seattle: Lushootseed Press. Hilbert, Vi Taqʷšəblu, and Thomas M. Hess. 1977. “Lushootseed.” In Northwest Coast Texts: Stealing Light, ed. Barry F. Carlson, 4-32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kinkade, M. Dale, William W. Elmendorf, Bruce Rigsby, and Haruo Aoki. 1998. “Languages.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau, ed. Deward E. Walker Jr., 49-72. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Kiyosawa, Kaoru, and Donna B. Gerdts. 2010. Salish Applicatives. Leiden: Brill.