Teen Life in Europe 9780313084195, 9780313327278

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TEEN LIFE IN EUROPE

Recent Titles in Teen Life around the World Teen Life in the Middle East Aii Akbar Madhi, editor Teen Life in Asia Judith]. Slater, editor Teen Life in Africa Toyin Falola, editor Teen Life in Latin America and the Caribbean Cynthia Margarita Tompkins and Kristen Sternberg, editors

TEEN LIFE IN EUROPE Edited by Shirley R. Steinberg Foreword by Richard M. Lerner

Teen Life around the World Jeffrey S. Kaplan, Series Editor

GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London

Library of Congress Cataloging'in'Publication Data Teen life in Europe / edited by Shirley R. Steinberg; foreword by Richard M. Lerner. p. cm. — (Teen life around the world, ISSN 1540-4897) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 - 3 1 3 - 3 2 7 2 7 - 0 (alk. paper) 1. Teenagers—Europe—Conduct of life. 2. Teenagers—Europe—Social conditions. 3. Teenagers—Education—Europe. 4- Self-esteem in adolescence—Europe. I. Steinberg, Shirley R., 1952- II. Series. HQ799.E85T44 2005 305.235*094— Hawk, by Yasar Kemal, Eduardo Roditi (Translator), London: Harvill Press (1998). Salman the Solitary, by Yasar Kemal, Thilda Kemal (Translator), London: Harvill Press (1999). Behhazzars Daughter: A Novel of Istanbul, by Barbara Nadel, New York: St. Martin's Minotaur (2004). The Black Book, by Orhan Pamuk, Guneli Gun (Translator), (2002). M)> Name Is Red, by Orhan Pamuk, Erdag Goknar (Translator), London: Vintage (2002). The New Life, by Orhan Pamuk, London: Vintage, reprint edition (1998). Snow, by Orhan Pamuk, Toronto: Knopf (2004). Tfie White Castle: A Novel, by Orhan Pamuk, London: Vintage, reprint edition (1998). Dear Shameless Death, by Latife Tekin, Saliha Paker (Translator), Mel Kenne (Translator), London: Marion Boyars Publishers, Ltd. (2001).

Turkey

Web Sites http://www.die.gov.tr/ (statistics about Turkey) http://www.exploreturkey.com/ (history, culture, life, tourism) http://www.gazeteler.com/ (newspapers—Turkish and English) http://www.kultur.gov.tr/ (Turkish Ministry of Culture) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ (Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs) http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html (CIA Factbook) http://www.turizm.gov.tr/ (Turkish Ministry of Tourism) http://www.tursab.org.tr/english/default.htm (tourism, information) http://www.worldtrek.org/odyssey/mideast/timeturkey.html (cultural travel)

More Information Abercrombie & Kent 1520 Kensington Road Oak Brook, IL 60523 Tel: 800-323-7308, 630-954-2944 Fax: 630-954-3324 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.aegeantours.com/ ALP Travel 1029 Main Street, Unit D Paterson, NY 07503 Tel: 973-247-1622 Fax: 973-247-0777 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.alptravelusa.com/ ATC Anadolu Tours 420 Madison Avenue, 10th floor New York, NY 10017 Tel: 1-888-ANADOLU, 212-755-6516 Fax: 212-486-4014 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.atc-anadolu.com/ New York Tourism Information Attache Office of the Turkish Tourism Information Attache 821 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017

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Tel: 212-687-2194 Fax:212-599-7568 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.tourismturkey.org/ A Touch of Class Tours 21820 Burbank Boulevard, Suite 225 Woodland Hills, C A 91367 Tel: 800-203-0438 Fax: 818-883-4624 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.atoctours.com/ Turkish Embassy 2525 Massachusetts Avenue N W Washington, DC 20008 Tel: 202-612-6700 Fax: 202-612-6744 E-mail: [email protected] American Turkish Council (ATC) http://www.americanturkishcouncil.org/ Assembly of Turkish American Associations (ATAA), http://www.ataa.org/ Assembly of Turkish Student Associations (ATSA-DC) http://www.atsadc.org/ Ataturk Society of America (ASA) http://www.ataturksociety.org/ Federation of Turkish American Associations (FTAA) http://www.ftaa.org/ Institute of Turkish Studies (ITS), http://www.turkishstudies.org/ Intercollegiate Turkish Students Society (ITSS) http://www.itss.org/ Turkish American Business Forum http://www.forum.org/

Pen Pal Information http://www.polyglot-learn-language.com/recherche.php ?country=Turkey

INDEX ABB, 228 ABBA, 3, 229 Abortion, 179-81 Ace of Base, 229 Adolescence, 1, 2, 23, 64, 130, 143 Adoption, 211 Aerobics, 164, 199, 243 Afghanistan, 88, 129 Africa, 61, 123, 169,207 Age of Enlightenment, 230 AIDS, 24, 72 Airbus, 60 Akerlund, Jonas, 229 Alba, Joanna, 177 Alcohol, 4, 23, 37, 49, 50, 64, 90, 96, 111,62, 1 6 2 , 2 2 1 , 2 3 5 , 2 4 1 - 4 2 Algerian War, 61 Allergies, food, 237 Alternative music, 140 America, 33, 36, 42, 43, 50, 106-7, 169; Americanization, 122; culture, 122; fashion, 138; forces, 129; hippies, 95; influences, 255; teenagers, 123, 180 Amphetamines (speed), 22, 48, 97, 140 Anglo-American products, 25, 29 Anglo-American world, 221 Anglo-Normans, 105 Anorexia, 218 Antidepressive drugs, 245

Anti-Semitism, 76 Arabesque music, 264 Archery, 163 Astronomy, 105 Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 249, 251, 262 Australia, 50 Aznar, Jose Maria, 209 Backstreet Boys, 229 Badminton, 25, 52, 163 Baggio, Roberto, 140 Balkans, 129 Ballroom dancing, 48 Barbour, Scott, 177 Barenaked Ladies, 3 Bars, 211, 137, 196 Baseball, 242 Basketball, 25, 52, 72, 95, 120, 163, 219,263-64 Beckham, David, 54, 219 Beloki, Joseba, 220 Bergman, Ingmar, 229 Berlusconi, Silvio, 128 Blans, Jan Huib, 179 Bodybuilding, 96, 140 Boeing, 60 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 230 Bono, 122 Books, 197

274 Bosnia, 129 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 88 Bowling, 140, 163 Brazilian music. 200 British forces, 129 Bullying, 44 Burger King, 42, 66, 113, 122, 157-58 Bush, George Sr., 54 Cannabis, 221 Cannavoraro, Fabio, 140 Canoeing, 138 Canute (king), 34 Capitalism, 36, 208 T h e Cardigans, 229 Carl Gustav XVI (king), 228 Cars, 46 Carthaginians, 151 Cassettes, 196 CDs, 24, 196 Cell phones (mobile phones), 2, 10, 14, 21,46,137,196,213,234,240-41 Celtic music, 220 Cervantes, Miguel de, 208 Chanel, 72 Charlemagne, 105 Chat (talk) shows, 50 Cheb Mami, 74 Chess, 163 Chirac, Jacques, 60 Choctaw Nation, 107 Churchill, Winston, 107 The Cider House Rules, 229 Cigarettes, 49 Classical music, 96 Climbing, 96, 138 Clinton, President Bill, 108 Clubbing (club culture), 48, 221 Cocaine (coke), 48, 140, 221, 255 Collins, Michael, 107 Computer games, 24, 29, 111, 154, 174,197 Computers, 14, 141, 233, 242 Connery, Sean, 62 Contraception, 72, 95, 120, 129, 163, 178,217,242 Cricket, 52 Crime, 36

Index Criminal offenders, 241 Cultural capital, 200 Cybercafes (Internet cafe), 21, 218, 265 Cycling (bicycling), 9, 72, 139, 182, 219-20, 242 Dancing, 132, 137-38, 140, 161-62, 195, 242-43; dance clubs, 221; dance music, 200; dance sports, 96 Dark-music, 97 Darwin, Charles, 35 Davis, Miles, 74 Debutante balls, 200 Declaration of Independence, 230 Del Piero, Alessandro, 140 Democracy, 29, 30, 209, 211, 223 Designer clothes, 137 De Swaan, Abram, 172 Diabetes, 237 Diana, Princess, 53 Dibango, Manu, 74 Dien Bien Phu, 61 Diesel, 210 Dion, Celine, 229 Disability, 136, 236 Discotheques, 90, 132, 137, 140-41, 195-96 Disney film, 267 Divorce, 11, 12, 38, 189, 211 DJs, 162 DNA, 35 Doc Gyneco, 75 Dope, 48 Drinking, 22, 46, 242 Driver's license and driving, 37, 50, 64, 133, 2 1 3 , 2 3 5 , 2 5 5 Drugs, 4, 22, 46, 96, 140-41, 176, 188-89, 241, 221; abuse, 180, 255; hard drugs, 140, 180; illegal, 245; soft drugs, 49, 140, 179-180. See also Amphetamines; Cocaine; Ecstasy; Hashish; Heroin; Marijuana; Mushrooms Drum 'n' bass music, 200 DVD, 243 EC (European Community), 170 Eco, Umberto, 62 Ecstasy, 4, 22, 48, 97, 240, 221

Index EEC (European Market), 61 Egbert (king), 34 Egyptian pyramids, 105 Electrolux, 228 Elizabeth II (queen), 34 Elliott, Missy, 72 Elofsson, Jorgen, 229 E-mail, 111, 137 Eminem, 51, 72 English language, 6, 93, 174-74, 228, 256 Estopa, 220 Ethiopia, 121 European Union (EU), 6, 36, 86-88, 5, 127, 153,255 Exercise, 138

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Gonzalez, Raul, 219 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 86 Gothic style (fashion and music), 94, 96 Goths (invasion), 105 Great Depression, 86 Great Hunger, 106 Group of Eight (G8), 36, 127 Gucci, 72 Guevara, Ernesto (Che), 137 Gymnastics, 52, 138, 198-99,163-64

Fascist occupation, 129 Fashion, 218 Fencing, 138 Ferry, Jules, 67 Films (cinema/movies), 20, 25, 50, 74, 97, 111,218,244 Fishing, 139 Fitzgerald, Ella, 74 Flamenco, 220 Folk music, 96, 140 Formal dances, 48 Formula One racing, 52, 95 Franco, Francisco, 209, 217, 223; Francoism, 209, 217 Franco-Prussian War, 85 French hip-hop, 75 French Revolution, 61 Friends, 50

Hallstrom, Lasse, 229 Hampton, Lionel, 74 Handball, 25, 95, 96, 263 Hashish (hash), 4, 22, 23, 96, 140-41, 179 Heavy metal, 94, 97, 140, 137, 200 The Hellacopters, 229 Heroin, 97, 140, 179, 188,255 Hevia, Liuba Maria, 220 Hiking, 27, 73, 154, 164, 242 Hip-hop, 3, 51, 72, 74, 75, 94, 122, 140, 181 Hitchhiking, 112 HIV, 138 T h e Hives, 229 Hockey, 52, 120 Homelessness, 40 Homosexuality, 95, 138, 181, 217; homophobia, 48; homosexual marriage, 176 Horseback riding, 96, 138, 163, 243 House music, 96 Hunting, 139, 163, 236 Hurley, 120

Gaelic football, 120 Garbo, Greta, 229 Gaudi, Antonio, 208 Gays, 48 217; gay-bashing, 48 GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 87 Geldof, Bob, 121 Gender identity, 2, 23 Gender inequalities, 216 Gender roles, 217 Gilbert Grape, 229 T h e Gipsy Kings, 74 Golf, 96, 220, 243

I ragazzi del muretto (The Little Wall Kids), 137 IAM, 75 Ice hockey, 242-43 Ice skating, 140, 182,211 Identity, 218 Immigrants, 62, 69, 123, 125, 170, 180-81, 229-30 Industrialization, 126, 150 In-line skating (roUerblading), 140, 182 International Criminal Court, 88 International Film Festival (Cannes), 74

276 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 88 Internet (Net, Web), 2, 9, 14, 76, 90, 95, 96, 141, 143, 1 9 7 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 8 , 2 3 3 Interrail, 25 IRA (Irish Republican Army), 107-8 Islam, 62 Islamic youth, 253 Japan, 54 Jazz, 96, 140 Jazz clubs, 162 Jews, 38 John Paul II (pope), 222 Jones, Bridget, 50 Juan Carlos I (king), 209 Karembeu, Christian, 77 Kassav, 74 Keita, Salif, 74 Kepa Junkera, 220 Ketting, Evert, 176, 178 KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken), 42, 157 Khaled, Cheb, 74 Kidjo, Angelique, 74 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 108 Koran, 62 Kosovo, 88, 129 Kounda, Toure, 74 Latino clubs, 162 Leigh, Vivien, 51 Lesbians, 48, 217 Levine, Judith, 177 Levi's, 210 Libya, 128 Live Aid, 121 Lizarazu, Bixente, 77 Lorca, Federico Garcia, 208 Los Angeles, 33 LSD, 140 Macedonia, 88 Machismo, 39 Madonna, 229 Mafia, 131 Magazines, 196-97, 242 Malcolm X, 72

Index Maldimi, Paolo, 140 Males, Mike, 176 Malls, 258 Mandela, Nelson, 122 Manson, Marilyn, 51 Marijuana, 4, 96, 140, 141, 179, 180 Marshall Plan, 86 Martial arts, 73, 96, 163, 220 Martin, Max, 229 Martires del Compas, 220 The Matrix, 244, Mayo, Iban, 220 McDonald's, 42, 49, 66, 71, 113, 122, 143,157-58, 267 McSolaar, 72, 75 Media, 7, 9, 20, 25, 29, 49, 89, 203, 218 Middle Ages, 207 Midwest, 33 Millencolin, 229 Mitchell, Senator Jim, 108 MP3 player, 232 MTV, 110, 173,221,243 Mushrooms (psychedelic), 4, 22, 179 Music, 9, 10, 50,96,140, 174, 181, 199-200,218,221,232 Music channels, 20 Muslims, 25, 38; French Muslims, 75; Muslim girls, 24; Muslim populations, 62 M^ Life as a Dog, 229 Nationalism, 87 N A T O (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 36, 129 Nazi occupation, 129 N C A A championships (National Collegiate Athletic Association), 73 N'Dour, Youssou, 74 Neo-Nazi violence, 88 Nesta, Alessandro 140 New Christianity, 97 New Orleans, 66 Newspapers, 196-197 Newton, Isaac, 35 New-wave music, 181 NHL (National Hockey League), 242 9/11 (September 11, 2001), 53, 76 Nintendo, 141 Normans, 105

Index Notting Hill, 50 N T M , 75 The Nubians, 72 Nunez, Carlos, 220 O'Hara, Scarlett, 51 Ojos de Brujo, 220 Oklahoma, 107 Opium, 140 Organ donation, 223 Ottoman Empire, 249, 251, 256 Overweight teenagers (fatness), 17, 37 Owen, Michael, 54 Pagan invasions, 105 Painting. 197, 243 Partying, 10, 25, 242-43 Pato, Cristina, 220 Phoenicians, 151 Photography, 243 Physical appearance, 2 Picasso, Pablo, 208 Piercings, 219 PlayStation, 132, 141, 164 Polo, 138, 163 Pool, 140 Pop music, 200 Popular culture, 3, 267 Populist parties, 87, 88 Potter, Harry 54 Poverty, 36, 62 Prado Museum, 208 Prearranged marriages, 262, 263 Pregnancy (teenage), 24, 40, 48, 241; teenage mothers, 181; unwanted pregnancy, 217 Pre-marital sex, 72, 120, 163, 242, 262 Prevert, Jacques, 77 Privatization, 36 Punk, 94, 96, 137, 181 Quicksilver, 210 R&B (rhythm and blues), 96 Racism, 44, 62, 97 Radio, 95, 196,221 Rap, 54, 122, 140 Rave, 221

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Reading, 90, 132, 196-97 Refugees, 123 Reggae, 96, 140 Relationships, 241 Renault Clio, 72 Right-wing parties, 87, 88 Rock clubs, 162 Rock music, 96, 200 Role-playing games, 3, 233 Roman Empire, 104, 105 Romantic relationships, 3, 95 Ronaldinho, 219 Ronaldo, 219 Rosario, 220 Rowling, J.K., 35 Roxette, 229 Rugby, 52, 72, 73, 138 Rwanda, 123 Saab, 228 Sahara Hotnights, 22 Sailing, 73, 138 Saint Patrick, 105 San Francisco, 66 Sandemose, Aksel, 8 Saxons, 105 Scotland, 33, 34 Scouts, 132 Self-presentation, 23 Sexuality, 4, 162, 167-178, 180, 217, 262, 266; sex and drugs education, 44; sex (intercourse), 23, 40, 46, 48, 49, 95, 177-78, 186, 191, 234; sexual behaviors, 138; sexual identity, 2; sexual segregation, 255 Shakespeare, William, 35 Shakespeare in Love, 50 The Simpsons, 40, 50, 54 Skateboarding, 220 Skating, 96 Skifs, Bjorn, 229 Skiing, 95, 1 3 8 , 2 1 1 , 2 2 0 , 2 6 3 Skin-heads, 94 "Smart shops," 179 Smoking, 22, 221 SMS (short message system/text messages), 21, 213, 218, 240 Snowboarding, 96, 220

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Index

Soccer (football), 25, 52, 72, 73, 77, 95, 120, 138-39, 163-64, 182, 198-99,218-19,243,263-64 Social class, 37, 49, 50, 1 7 3 , 2 1 3 , 2 1 8 Sorenstam, Annika, 243 Soundtrack of Our Lives, 229 South Africa, 107, 122 Southeast Asia, 61 South Korea, 54 Spears, Britney, 51, 229 Sports magazines, 95 Sports programs, 20, Star Wars, 244 STDs (sexually transmissible diseases/ venereal disease), 24, 72 Stone Age, 151 Stonehenge, 104 Suez Canel, 152 Swimming, 25, 52, 118, 138, 164, 198, 219-20, 263

U2, 122, 264 Unemployment, 8 Unification of Europe, 88 United Nations Security Council, 36 United Nations (UN), 88, 228 United States 54, 61, 66, 73, 104, 115-116, 176, 208, 229, 236, 253, 261

Table tennis, 52, 95 Tagging, 74 Tattoos, 219 Techno music, 96-97, 140, 200 Teen alcoholism, 4 Telephones, 196 Tennis, 25, 52, 72, 73, 95, 138, 219, 243 Thuram, Lilian, 77 Tobacco, 22, 96, 162, 181,221 Totti, Francesco, 140 Tour de France, 73 Track (and Field), 163-64, 219, 263 Trail of Tears, 107 Trapping, 163 Trash metal, 200 Treaty of Paris, 152 TV, 9, 10, 1 4 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 5 0 , 9 0 , 95-96, 111, 130, 132, 141, 143, 154, 174, 188, 1 9 9 , 2 1 3 , 2 2 1 , 2 3 3 - 3 4 , 242-43, 267; cable, 50, 221; digital, 50; lifestyle shows, 50; reality TV, 54; satellite, 243, 250 2001 European Championship, 264 2002 World Cup, 54, 264

TheWaltons,54 Warsaw Pact, 86 Water polo, 164 Water sports, 220 Web sites, 241 Welfare state, 36 Westernization, 251 Westlife, 229 White, Jenny, 250 Wicks, Judy, 177 Wilde, Oscar, 33 Williams, Robbie, 229 Wine and beer, 4 World Cup, 54, 120 World War I, 53, 74, 85, 251 World War II, 60, 74, 86, 97, 126 Wrestling, 52, 263 Writing, 197 W W F (World Wrestling Federation), 52

U.S. films, 243 U.S. sports teams, 72 U.S. teenagers, 252, 260

Vandals, 105 Vatican, 61, 128 Velazquez, Diego, 208 Video, 21 Videogames, 2, 140-41, 211, 219, 265 Vietnam, 61 Vikings, 105 Virginia, 107 Volkswagen Golf, 72 Volleyball, 23, 95, 96, 138-39, 163, 219 Volvo, 228 Von Linne, Carl, 229

Xbox, 141 Xenophobia, 88 Youth clubs, 49 Youth issues, 90 Yugoslalvia, 129 Zidane, Zinedine, 77, 219

ABOUT THE EDITOR AND CONTRIBUTORS Shirley R. Steinberg is the program head of graduate literacy at Brooklyn College and also teaches with the CUNY Graduate Center Urban Education Doctoral Program in New York City. She is the author and editor of many books and articles, as well as the senior and founding editor of Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education. She is the series editor of many successful book series in education and cultural studies. Her most recent books are: The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Youth Culture, (with Priya Parmar and Birgit Richard): Greenwood Press, 2006; Kinderculture: The Corporate Construction of Childhood, Westview Press, 2004; Things You Don't Know About Schools, Palgrave Press, 2005; 19 Urban Questions: Teaching in the City, Peter Lang, 2004; and The Miseducation of the West: How Schools and the Media Distort Our Understanding of the Islamic World, Praeger Press, 2004 (many with Joe L. Kincheloe). Her areas of research are youth culture, media studies, queer theory, and pedagogy. She is a devoted fan of rock and roll, and travels internationally with Joe Kincheloe, presenting on issues of youth and of education. Anna-Maria Ahlen has an M.A. in international education and is working at the Department of Education, Uppsala University in Sweden as a Ph.D. student. Anthony E. Azzopardi is a senior lecturer at the University of Malta. He coordinates the Youth Studies Programme and chairs the Extracurricular Credits Board. He is the chairperson of the Youth Research Network of the Council of Europe and a consultant on youth policy. He has

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About the Editor and Contributors

published a number of articles and book chapters both in Malta and in Europe. Frangoise Bodone is an international scholar who received her Ph.D. in educational policy and leadership from the University of Oregon. Her interests include critical pedagogy as applied to research and classroom practices and cultural/social justice in education. She is the editor of What difference does research make and for whom? (Peter Lang Publishing). Marilyn Clark is a social psychologist specializing in criminal behavior and addiction studies. She lectures full time with the Programme of Youth Studies and the Department of Psychology at the University of Malta. She is presently an assistant to the Magistrate on the Juvenile Court. Vitor Sergio Ferreira is a sociologist and junior researcher in the Institute of Social Sciences of Lisbon University. Ainhoa Flecha is researcher at the Department of Sociological Theory, University of Barcelona. She teaches sociology of education and women in popular education. Her research interests focus on gender studies, particularly from the perspective of dialogic feminism and the inclusion of "otherized women." Carme Garcia is assistant professor at the University of Lleida, where she teaches in communication studies. Among her research interests are learning communities and the study of active citizenship. She has worked close to the student movements in relation to the democratization of higher education. Amanda Kluveld is assistant professor of cultural history at faculty of humanities of the University of Amsterdam. Her current research topic is the history of pain from the nineteenth century to the present. Claire Lambe was born in Ireland. She taught high school art and art history in Dublin for many years. She moved to the United States in 1996 and now lives in Woodstock, New York. She is currently teaching English and art history to high school students at the Woodstock Day School. Jose Machado Pais is a social scientist and is "Coordinator Researcher" at the University of Lisbon (Portugal) and has been visiting professor in several South American universities. He has conducted research in the fields of

About the Editor and Contributors

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youth, culture, leisure and social structures and has been coordinating the Portuguese Youth Observatory since 1991. Antonio Petrone has a Ph.D. in methodology of social sciences and is a lecturer in sociology at the University of Molise. He has published some articles and contributes about new media, youth, elderly and society and the environment. Nicole Pfaff is a Ph.D. candidate at Martin Luther University in Wittenberg, Germany. Mustafa Sever, born in Turkey, is currently Ph.D. candidate in Department of Educational Leadership and Policy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. A graduate of Ankara University, he earned his M.A. degree in social and historical foundations of education. Gitte Staid is assistant professor of film and media studies at University of Copenhagen. She is working on three studies: media and mobility; online gaming cultures; and fascination of death and violence in computer games. She participated in the European comparative project Children, Young People and the Changing Media Environment 1995-1998, and in the research program Global Media Cultures 1999-2001. She is currently finishing the project Global Media, Local Youth. She is the editor (with T Tufte) of Global Encounters: Media and Cultural Transformation (Luton Press 2002). She is local head of a cooperative research and development project on qualitative content for young Danes' mobile devices. Michael Watts is a senior research associate at the Von Hugel Institute, St. Edmond's College, Cambridge. His main research focuses on global citizenship and widening participation in higher education. Wiel Veuglers is a professor of education at the University for Humanistics in Utrecht and a teacher and researcher at the University of Amsterdam. He has published many articles and books on youth culture, moral and democratic education, and educational change.