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. .

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ч

-6 -154)

я

ɝ. ɍɅɖəɇɈȼɋɄ, ɐȿɇɌɊ ȽȺ - ɂɉɄ, ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɄɢɗȺȾ. 1992 ɝ.

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-6

ȼɋɍ ɌȺ-6Ⱥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɫɠɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɞɨ ɇ = 3000 ɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɪɬɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɞɨ ɇ = 3000 ɦ, ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ ɞɨ ɇ = 9000 ɦ. ȼɋɍ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ȽɌȾ ɫ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ȼɋɍ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ȼɋɍ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ: - ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɫɟɜɨɝɨ 3-ɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ; - ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ; - ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɵ; - ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ; - ɧɚɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɋɍ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ: ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ, ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɨɣ, ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ , ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ȼɋɍ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ.

ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ, % ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ, % ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, % ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ , ɦ Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɝɚɡɨɜ , ɋ : - ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ - ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ - ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ, ɫ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ, ɫ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɱ ɦɢɧ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɚɫɥɚ: - ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɥ - ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ - ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɥ Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ: - ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ, ɋ

2

21+-2 99+-1 99+-2 3000 680 460 550 22-45 32 5, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜ 30 2,5+1 8 10 ɦɢɧɭɫ 25

- ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɋ 115 ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ: - ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ, ɤɦ/ɱ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 525 - ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ȼɋɍ, ɤɦ/ɱ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 575 ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɜ, ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɨɤ 5, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ 15 ɦɢɧ. ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ 2 ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ; ȼɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɛɟɝɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 30% ɞɨ 10%, ɫ ,ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 14 ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ: - ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, % 105+3(-1) - ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɚɡɨɜ: ɚ) ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ, ɋ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 700+-8 ɜ) ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɋ 570+-8 - ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ > 90%, ɤȽɫ/ɫɦ.ɤɜ. 3,2+-0,4 Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɜ ɨɬɫɟɤɟ ȼɋɍ.

ɇɚ ɳɢɬɤɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ȼɋɍ ɌȺ-6Ⱥ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɡɚɛɨɬɨɣ ȼɋɍ: - ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɁȺɉɍɋɄ; - ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ - ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ."; - ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ "ɈɌȻɈɊ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ - ɁȺɄɊɕɌ"; - ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɉȿɊȿɄɊɕȺɇɈɃ ɄɊȺɇ ȼɋɍ ɈɌɄɊɕɌ -ɁȺɄɊɕɌ"; - ɤɧɨɩɤɢ "ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ ɅȺɆɉ ɌȺȻɅɈ ", "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ", "ɋɌɈɉ"; - ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɂɌɗ-1ɌȻ; - ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɌɋɌ-2; - ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɚɫɥɚ Ɍɍɗ-48; - ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ "ɁȺȻɈɊɇɂɄ ɈɌɄɊɕɌ", "Ɋ ɌɈɉɅɂȼȺ", "ȽɈɌɈȼ Ʉ ɁȺɉɍɋɄɍ", "ȼɕɏɈȾ ɇȺ ɊȿɀɂɆ"; - ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ "ɆȺɋɅȺ ɆȺɅɈ", "Ɋ ɆȺɋɅȺ", "ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇȺə ɌȿɆɉȿɊ.", "ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇɕȿ ɈȻɈɊɈɌɕ","ɉɌȺ-6Ɇ ɇȿɂɋɉɊȺȼ.".

3

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ȼɋɍ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɂɌɋ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɪɬɫɟɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ.ȼ ɤɚɛɢɧɟ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɨɦ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ Ɍɍ; ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ; Ʉɧɨɩɤɭ "ɄɈɇɊɌɈɅɖ ɅȺɆɉ ɂ ɌȺȻɅɈ" ɧɚɠɚɬɶ, ɜ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ; ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɉȿɊȿɄɊɕȼɇ. ɄɊȺɇ ȼɋɍ" ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ; Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ" ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɝɨɪɟɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ "ȽɈɌɈȼ Ʉ ɁȺɉɍɋɄɍ", "Ɋ ɌɈɉɅɂȼȺ", "ɁȺȻɈɊɇɂɄ ɈɌɄɊɕɌ"; ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ-ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ" ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ"; Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɆȺɋɅȺ ɆȺɅɈ","Ɋ ɆȺɋɅȺ", ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇȺə ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ", "ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇɕȿ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ ɈȻɈɊɈɌɕ", "ɉɌȺ-6Ɇ ɇȿɂɋɉɊȺȼ" ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ.

ɇɚ 1-2 ɫ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ" ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɦɟɪ. ȼɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ȼɋɍ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ 22-45 ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɣ ɯɨɞ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ: - ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ, ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ. ɇɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 90% ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɝɨɪɟɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ " ȼɕɏɈȾ ɇȺ ɊȿɀɂɆ ", ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɪɨɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 103% ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ Ɂ ɫ; ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ȼɋɍ ɫ ɡɚɛɪɨɫɨɦ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ 570 ɋ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɞɨ 10 ɫ ɫ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ "ȼɕɏɈȾ ɇȺ ɊȿɀɂɆ" ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ȼɋɍ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɣ ɯɨɞ. - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ 15-ɣ ɫ, ɡɚɛɪɨɫ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 680 ɋ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ 2-3 ɫ ; - ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɪɬɫɟɬɢ - ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ 16 v; 4

- ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ - 22- 45 ɫ. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ "ɋɌɈɉ" ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ: - ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ 15-ɣ ɫ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ 550 ɋ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɧɢɠɟ 40% ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 680 ɋ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40%. - ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɡɚɛɪɨɫɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ 103%; - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɩɚɠɚ; - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɱɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ; - ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɨɪɬɫɟɬɢ ɧɢɠɟ 16 v; - ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ; - ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ t ɝɚɡɨɜ 700+8 ɋ , ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ (104 -108%), ɩɪɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ (ɧɢɠɟ 3,2 ɤȽɫ/ɫɦ.ɤɜ. ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 90% ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ 44 ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɨɜɶɟɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɪɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ȼɋɍ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ" ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ-ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ" ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɋɍ.

ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ȼɋɍ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɯɨɞɭ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 1-ɣ ɦɢɧɭɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ " ȼɕɏɈȾ ɇȺ ɊȿɀɂɆ". ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɋɍ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ "ȼɋɍ-ɊȺɉ" ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ "ɈɌȻɈɊ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ-ɁȺɄɊɕɌ" ɧɚ 7-8 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ "ɈɌȻɈɊ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ" ɢɥɢ "ɁȺɄɊɕɌ." ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ, ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɤɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ »3% ɢ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ »10 ɋ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɫ. ȼ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ȼɋɍ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ "ȼɕɏɈȾ ɇȺ ɊȿɀɂɆ". ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ "ɆȺɋɅȺ ɆȺɅɈ" ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2-ɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ( ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ ȼɋɍ ɫ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ

5

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ( "ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇ. ɈȻɈɊɈɌɕ", "ɉɊȿȾȿɅɖɇ. ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌ.", "Ɋ ɆȺɋɅȺ").

Ɉɯɥɚɞɢɬɶ ȼɋɍ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1-ɣ ɦɢɧɭɬɵ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ "ɋɌɈɉ". ɉɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ. ɋ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 30% ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɦɟɪ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɛɟɝɚ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 10%, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 14 ɫ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ- ɏɈɅ.ɉɊɈɄɊ." ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ "ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ.", ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ" ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ "ɉȿɊȿɄɊȼɕȼɇ. ɄɊȺɇ ȼɋɍ". ɗɤɫɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ȼɋɍ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ "ɋɌɈɉ" ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ: - ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ t ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ 560 ɋ; - ɡɚɛɪɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ 101% ɢɥɢ ɭɫɚɞɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟ 97% ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ; - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɱɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ; - ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɩɚɠɚ; ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɩɚɠɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɯɥɨɩɤɢ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ t ɝɚɡɨɜ. - ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ. ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬ ȼɋɍ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ȼɋɍ.

ɏɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɭɞɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɞɵɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɜɵɯɥɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɤ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ, ɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ-ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ." ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ "ɏɈɅ. ɉɊɈɄɊ". Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ "ɁȺɉɍɋɄ" ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɨɦɟɪ. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 21+-2%, ɜɪɟɦɹ 32 ɫ. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ "ɋɌɈɉ".

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Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ȼɋɍ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3000 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 525 ɤɦ/ɱ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ȼɋɍ ɤ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ȼɋɍ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɬɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 720 ɋ. Ɂɚɩɭɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɞɨ 9000 ɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ 575 ɤɦ/ɱ. ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 45 ɦɢɧ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ.

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1. ɊɅɗ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ Ɍɍ-154Ȼ-2; 2. ɇ.ɂ. ɌɂɆɈɎȿȿȼ " Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɥɟɬɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɇɄ-8-2ɍ". Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, 1978 ɝ.

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