Surface Production Operations, Volume 1:, Second Edition: Design of Oil-Handling Systems and Facilities [2 ed.] 0884158217

In this new edition, experts Arnold and Stewart share their many years of in-the-field and class-room experience. Each c

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Table of contents :
Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
1 Introduction......Page 20
1 Making the Equipment Work......Page 35
1 Facility Types......Page 37
2 Operation of a Control Valve......Page 45
2 Pressure Control......Page 48
2 Temperature Control......Page 49
2 Separation......Page 50
2 Oil Treating......Page 57
2 Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT)......Page 59
2 Pumps......Page 61
2 Compressors......Page 62
2 Gas Dehydrators......Page 65
2 Well Testing......Page 67
2 Gas Lift......Page 70
2 Overview......Page 73
2 Equipment Arrangement......Page 74
3 Specific Gravity and Density......Page 77
3 Viscosity......Page 83
3 Flash Calculations......Page 88
3 Molecular Weight of Gas......Page 106
3 Gas Flow Rate......Page 107
3 Liquid Molecular Weight......Page 108
3 Specific Gravity of Liquid......Page 109
3 The Flow Stream......Page 111
3 Approximate Flash Calculations......Page 112
3 Other Properties......Page 114
4 Introduction......Page 120
4 Horizontal Separators......Page 121
4 Spherical Separators......Page 123
4 Other Configurations......Page 124
4 Scrubbers......Page 126
4 Horizontal vs. Vertical Vessel Selection......Page 127
4 Inlet Diverters......Page 128
4 Defoaming Plates......Page 130
4 Mist Extractor......Page 131
4 Foamy Crudes......Page 134
4 Paraffin......Page 135
4 Settling......Page 136
4 Drop Size......Page 140
4 Horizontal Separators......Page 141
4 Vertical Separators......Page 145
4 Sizing a Vertical Separator......Page 148
4 Sizing a Horizontal Separator......Page 152
5 Introduction......Page 154
5 Horizontal Separators......Page 155
5 Vertical Separators......Page 159
5 Horizontal vs. Vertical Selection......Page 161
5 Sand Jets and Drains......Page 162
5 Water Droplet Size in Oil......Page 163
5 Separator Sizing......Page 164
5 Horizontal Separators......Page 165
5 Settling Equation......Page 167
5 Vertical Separators......Page 170
5 Sizing a Vertical Three-Phase Separator......Page 173
5 Sizing a Horizontal Three-Phase Separator......Page 175
6 Introduction......Page 179
Forming Emulsions......Page 180
Emulsifying Agent......Page 183
Demulsifiers......Page 184
6 Gravity Separation......Page 186
6 Coalescence......Page 187
6 Viscosity......Page 188
6 Temperature Effects......Page 189
6 Heat Input Equations......Page 193
6 Coalescing Media......Page 194
6 Electrostatic Coalescers......Page 195
6 Vertical Treaters......Page 196
6 Horizontal Treaters......Page 199
6 Electrostatic Treaters......Page 200
6 Settling Equations......Page 201
6 Retention Time Equations......Page 203
6 Water Droplet Size......Page 204
6 Design Procedure......Page 207
6 Sizing a Horizontal Treater......Page 208
6 Sizing a Vertical Treater......Page 210
7 Introduction......Page 213
7 System Description......Page 214
7 Gravity Separation......Page 216
7 Coalescence......Page 217
7 Settling Tanks and Skimmer Vessels......Page 218
7 Skimmer Sizing Equations......Page 221
7 Plate Coalescers......Page 226
7 Skimmer/Coalescers......Page 233
7 Free-Flow Turbulent Coalescers (SP Packs)......Page 234
7 Flotation Units......Page 237
7 Hydrocyclones......Page 242
7 Disposal Piles......Page 244
7 Skim Pile......Page 247
7 Information Required for Design......Page 249
7 Produced Water......Page 250
7 Soluble Oil......Page 251
7 Equipment Selection Procedure......Page 252
7 Equipment Specification......Page 255
7 Example: Design the Produced-Water Treating System for the Data Given......Page 256
8 Introduction......Page 263
8 Reynolds Number......Page 264
8 Bernoulli's Theorem......Page 266
8 Darcy's Equation......Page 267
8 Moody Friction Factor......Page 268
8 Liquid Flow......Page 270
8 Gas Flow......Page 273
8 Two-Phase Flow......Page 282
8 Head Loss in Valves and Pipe Fittings......Page 292
8 Flow Coefficient......Page 293
8 Equivalent Length......Page 296
8 Pressure Drop in Liquid Line......Page 297
8 Pressure Drop in Gas Line......Page 300
8 Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Line......Page 303
9 Introduction......Page 304
9 Erosional Flow......Page 305
9 Liquid Lines......Page 308
9 Gas Lines......Page 310
9 Two-Phase Flow......Page 314
9 Standards and Requirements......Page 318
9 General Hoop Stress Formula for Thin Wall Cylinders......Page 319
9 Industry Standards......Page 332
9 Pipe, Valve, and Fitting Specifications......Page 333
9 Liquid Line......Page 343
9 Gas Line......Page 348
9 Two-Phase Line......Page 349
9 References......Page 351
10 Pump Classification......Page 352
10 Centrifugal Pumps......Page 353
10 Reciprocating Pumps......Page 358
10 Diaphragm Pumps......Page 363
10 Rotary Pumps......Page 364
10 Head......Page 366
10 Horsepower......Page 368
10 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)......Page 369
10 Basic Selection Criteria......Page 371
11 Introduction......Page 374
11 Multiple Pump Installations......Page 375
11 Codes and Standards......Page 377
11 ANSI Pump......Page 378
11 Single-Stage API Pump......Page 380
11 Vertical In-Line Pump......Page 381
11 API Barrel Pumps......Page 383
11 Sump Pump......Page 384
11 API Vertical Turbine or Can Pump......Page 385
11 Submersible Pump......Page 386
11 Bearings......Page 387
11 Seals......Page 388
11 Wear Rings......Page 391
11 Installation Considerations......Page 392
12 Introduction......Page 395
12 Pulsation Dampeners......Page 396
12 Pipe Vibrations......Page 403
12 Codes and Standards......Page 406
12 Piping Hookup......Page 410
12 Variable-Speed Motors and Drivers......Page 411
13 Introduction......Page 413
13 Conceptual Study......Page 414
13 Project Definition......Page 418
13 Design Engineering......Page 425
13 Detailed Engineering......Page 428
13 Procurement......Page 431
13 Inspection and Expediting......Page 436
13 Startup......Page 437
13 Engineering Control......Page 438
13 Project Cost Control......Page 445
13 Project Timing Control......Page 446
13 Turnkey......Page 447
13 Negotiated Turnkey......Page 448
13 Modified Turnkey......Page 449
13 Cost-Plus......Page 450
13 Comparison of Formats......Page 451
APPENDIX A: Sample Project Assignment......Page 453
C......Page 456
F......Page 457
H......Page 458
O......Page 459
R......Page 460
T......Page 461
W......Page 462

Surface Production Operations, Volume 1:, Second Edition: Design of Oil-Handling Systems and Facilities [2 ed.]
 0884158217

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