Stamp and Roulette Decorated Pottery of the La Tène Period in Eastern England: a Study in Geometric Designs 9780904531114, 9781407317199

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Stamp and Roulette Decorated Pottery of the La Tene Period · in Eastern England : a Study in Geometric Designs

Sheila M. Elsdon

British Archaeological Reports I o 1 975

British Archaeological Reports 122

Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7BP, England GENERAL EDITORS

A.C.C. Brodribb, M.A. Mrs. Y.M. Hands

A.R. Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil D.R. Walker, B.A. ADVISORY EDITORS

Neil Cossons, M.A., F.S.A., F.M.A. C.B. B urgess, M.A. Professor B.W. Cunliffe, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. Sonia Chadwick Hawkes, B .A., M.A., F .S.A. Professor G.D.B. Jones, M.A., D.Phil., F.S.A. Frances Lynch, M.A., F.S.A. P.A. Mellars, M.A., Ph.D. P.A. Rahtz, M.A., F.S.A.

B. A.R. 10, 1975: "Stamp and Roulette Decorated Pottery of the La Tene Period in Eastern England: a Study in Geometric Designs" © Sheila M. Elsdon, 1975

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780904531114 paperback ISBN 9781407317199 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780904531114 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

S TA MPED I RON AGE POTTERY

CONTENTS Page L IST OF PLATES L IST OF F IGURES ACKNO WLEDGE MENTS GLOSSARY OF DECORAT IVE TER M INOLOGY I NTRODUCT ION

1

DEF IN IT ION OF TYPES OF DECORAT ION AND GEOGRAPH ICAL D ISTR IBUT ION THE UPPER THA MES REG ION

2 6

THE SUSSEX REG ION

1 3

THE THAMES ESTUARY AND LO WER THA MES REG ION

1 8

EAST ANGLIA

2 4

THE L INCOLNSHIRE REG ION

2 6

D ISCUSS ION

3 7

WIDER S ETT ING

4 2

APPEND IX I : Gazet teer o f S i tes i n Eastern Eng land w ith S tamped , Rou let ted o r D ot ted E le ments i n t he Decora t ion , w ith Pub l ished References .

6 7

APPEND IX I : S chedu le o f S i tes i n Eastern Eng land w ith Ompha los J ars ( and p robab le ompha los j ars ) b ear ing a rc p a t terns .

7 6

APPEND IX I I : Notes o n measure ments o f r ou let te whee l impress ions .

7 9

B IBLIOGRAPHY

8 0

NOTES ON F IGURES

8 6

REFERENCES

1 10

L IST OF PLATES P age I a

S herd f ro m a g lobu lar j ar a t D ragonby w ith p a t tern b urn ish ing

I b

4 7

S herd f ro m t he c ordon o f aw ide mouthed u rn a t D ragonby w ith c irc le a nd d i mp le s tamp a nd d oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing

1 7

H a

S ta mped s herds f rom D ragonby

1 9

I b

S ta mped s herds f rom D ragonby a nd A ncaster

1 9

I I

Ompha los j ar f rom Muck ing

5 1

I Va

S herds f rom Muck ing w ith c ircu lar s ta mps a nd Arc p at terns

I Vb

S herds f ro m Muck ing w ith c ircu lar s ta mps , r eversed S s ta mp a nd d ot ted d ecorat ion

V a

5 3

5 3

S herds f ro m t he s a me v esse l a t Muck ing w ith t oo led a nd d ot ted d ecorat ion i n ap oss ib le s cro l l p at tern

V b

5 5

S herd f ro m a sma l l b lack b urn ished p o t a t Muck ing w ith d i mp le s ta mps

5 5

L IST OF F IGURES Page 1

D istr ibut ion o f S ta mp a nd R ou let te D ecorated La T ene Pot tery i n E astern Eng land

2

4

Ompha los J ars w ith S ta mped a nd Rou let ted Arc Pat terns

3

5

S ta mps a nd Pa t terns o n D ecorated La T ene P ottery i n t he U pper T hames Reg ion : A Ear ly P er iod ; B Midd le P er iod

4

7

S ta mps , Rou let te t ypes a nd Pa t terns o n Decorated La T ene Pot tery i n t he S ussex R eg ion

5

1 4

S ta mps , Rou let te t ypes a nd Pa t terns o n Decora ted La T ene Pot tery i n t he T ha mes E stuary a nd L ower Thames Bas in

6

1 9

S ta mps a nd Rou let te t ypes o n D ecorated La T ene Pot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion

7

2 7

Pat terns o n D ecorated La T ene P ot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion I

8

3 0

Pat terns o n Decorated La T ene P ot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion I

9

3 4

Bow ls a nd S herds i n t he U pper T hames Reg ion : Ear ly L a Tene P er iod

1 0

5 6

Bow ls a nd S herds i n t he U pper T hames R eg ion : Midd le La Tene P er iod

5 7

1 1

Bow ls a nd J ars i n t he S ussex R eg ion

5 8

1 2

S herds i n t he S ussex R eg ion

5 9

1 3

Bow ls a nd J ars i n t he T ha mes E stuary Reg ion

6 0

1 4

S herds i n t he T ha mes E stuary a nd L ower T ha mes Basin R eg ion

6 1

1 5

J ars a nd S herds i n East A ng lia

6 2

1 6

J ars a nd S herds i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion

1 7

J ars a nd Bow ls i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion

1 8

S herds i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion

1 9

S ta mped a nd R ou let ted s herds f ro m Muck ing , E ssex a nd K irm ington , H u mbers ide

I I

6 3 6 4 6 5

6 6

ACKNO WLEDGE MENTS My g rea test d eb t i s t o Mr . J . May f or a l low ing me f ree a ccess t o t he ma ter ia l f ro m h is D ragonby e xcava t ion p r ior t o h is o wn p ub l ica t ion a nd f or h is c on t inued i nsp ira t ion , e ncourage ment a nd g u idance .

Iam i ndeb ted a lso

t o Mrs . M . U . J ones f or p erm iss ion t o e xa m ine a nd p ub l ish mater ia l f ro m h er e xcava t ions a t O ld S lea ford a nd a t Muck ing , f or h er h e lp a nd a dv ice a nd f or r ead ing a d ra ft o f t h is monograph .

Mr . W . J . R odwe l l h as b een most

h e lp fu l w ith i n for ma t ion c oncern ing ma ter ia l f ro m h is e xcava t ions i nE ssex , a nd Not t ingham Un ivers ity h as a l lowed me f ree a ccess t o p ot tery f ro m t he A ncaster e xcavat ions . Ih ave a g reat d ebt t o Mr . M . A ver y w ho v ery g enerous ly l et me s ee a nd u se t he i n for mat ion i n ac opy o f h is u npub lished t hes is o f 1 971 f or O x ford U n ivers ity . Iam i ndebted t o Mr . B . B . S i m mons , Mr . Gordon T ay lor , Mr . F . H . T ho mpson , Mrs . S . C . H awkes a nd Mr . T . G regory f or i n format ion c onc ern ing d ecorated p ot tery , a nd t o D r . F . S chwappach o f Ha mburg U n ivers i ty , who h as f ree ly s upp l ied me w ith d eta i ls o f C on t inenta l d ecora ted p o t tery . Iw ish t o a cknow ledge t he h e lp o f t he s taf fs o f a l l t he museu ms r e ferred t o i n t he n o tes a nd e spec ia l ly Mr . D .G . Mac leod o f S outhend Museu m , Mr . D . Ke l ly o f Ma idstone Museum , Mrs . A . E l l ison , r ecent ly o f R ead ing Museu m a nd Mr . J .H . Lavender o f C hr istchurch Museu m . My t hanks a re a lso d ue , i n n o sma l l measure , t o P rofessor B ar ley a nd t he s ta f f o f t he Depar tmen t o f C lass ica l a nd Archaeo log ica l S tud ies a t t he U n ivers ity o f N ot t ingha m f or a l low ing me t o u se t he f ac i l it ies o f t he D epar tmen t a nd o f t he Un ivers ity w ithout wh ich my work c ou ld n ot h ave b een a cco mp lished . Iw ish t o t hank Mr . W . T . J ones f or p repar ing t he p hotographs , a nd D r . R . R . Lax ton o f t he D epar tmen t o f Mathemat ics a t N ot t ingham U n ivers ity f or h e lp i n measur ing t he s ize o f t he r ou let te w hee l i mpress ions . Last ly Iw ish t o a cknow ledge t he h e lp o f t he ' vo lun teer ' d iggers whose p a t ient a nd p a instak ing work b rought t o l i ght s o much o f t h is p ot tery s o met imes i n m inu te f ragments .

N o t t ingham , N ove mber 1 974

GLOSSARY OF DECORAT IVE TERM INOLOGY a nd c onven t ions u sed i n p a t tern c har ts

S tand ing A rc

' Eyebrow '

C hevron

> 000. 00 K Lozenge

( i nter lock ing c hevron )

P endan t A rc

5 5 5 5 5

Herr ingbone

0 " a I n ter lock ing A rc ' l ea f ' mot if

S tand ing A rc w ith

F la t t oo led l ine

I nc ised l i ne

C hevron

B urn ish ing

C o mp lex S tand ing Arc

91 11 1 11 11. 91 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 11 1 •13 1

D oub le s quare-too thed Wavy L ine

r ou let t ing

0 0 0 00 0 0 0

D ot ted l i ne

R ounde l

•

D i mp le ( rounded ) t hus C oncen tr ic c irc les D i mp le ( f la t ) t hus

I NTRODUCT ION Curv i l inear d ecora t ion i n t he ' La te C e lt ic ' o r t he L a T e-n e s ty le o n B r it ish I ron A ge p o t tery was f i rst r ecogn ised a s ad ist inct ive a rt f or m a t G lastonbury i n S o merset where e xca y t ions b egan i n 1 892 a nd c ont inued u n t i l j ust b e fore t he f i rst Wor ld War .

I t was r ea l ised t ha t B r it ish p ot tery

h ad a s oph ist icat ion o f d ecora t ive t echn iques a nd p a t terns c o m mensura te w ith t hat f ound o n C ont inen ta l f i ne ware f ro m A r mor ica , t he Marne a nd o ther r eg ions , a nd t ha t t he d es igns were l i nked w ith t hose o n meta l work o f t he s ame p er iod .

S ubsequen t ly more f i ne ly d ecora ted p ot tery was d iscov-

e red a t t he a d jacent s i te o f Meare ,2 a nd f ro m many o ther s i tes i n s ou th w estern B r ita in . I n a n a r t ic le o n t he E ar ly I ron Age s i te a t C ray ford i n Ken t i n 1 938 Mr . J .P . Ward-Perk ins f i rst d rew a t tent ion t o as ou th e astern s ty le o f d ecora t ion o n t he L a T ene p ot tery , wh ich h e c on trasted w ith t he s outhwest ern G lastonbury s ty le .3

A n i mportant c on tr ibut ion t o t he s tudy o f L a

T ene d ecora t ion b y P ro fessor W . F . G r i mes i n 1 952 4 c oncentrated o n t he c urv i l inear s ty les o f d ecora t ion , a na lysed t he v ar ious p a t terns a nd d iscusse d s o me C on t inenta l a f f in it ies .

S ince t hen n o f ur ther a na lyt ica l work h as

b een p ub l ished b ut t here h as b een much p iece mea l p ub l ica t ion o f d ecorated p o t tery f rom a w ide r ange o f s i tes .

T he d es igns o n L a T ene meta lwork

h ave b een a na lysed i n g rea t d e ta i l b y S ir C yr i l F ox 5 a nd many o f t he m a re r e la ted t o t he s ty les o fp ot tery d ecorat ion , b u t t h is i s b eyond t he s cope o f t he p resen t w ork . Mr . D . M . E . A very i s c urrent ly work ing o n ac orpus o f a l l t he La T ene d ecora ted p ot tery i n B r ita in a nd h as r ecent ly p ub l ished a n o u t l ine o f h is w ork s uggest ing t he e x istence o f s evera l s ty l ist ic z ones ; as ou th western , ac en tra l , a n e astern a nd a n orth-western o ne .6

C erta in ly t hree d ist inct-

i ve t ypes o f L a T ene d ecora t ion d o n ot c on for m w ith e i ther t he s ou th weste rn o r t he s outh e astern s ty le .

H eng istbury H ead o n t he H a mpsh ire c oast

h as p roduced a l arge q uan t ity o f d ecora ted p ot tery wh ich h as y et t o b e f u l ly s tud ied a nd a na lysed:7

Hunsbury 8 a nd a l l ied s i tes i n N ortha mptonsh ire

h ave q u ite d ist inct ive ly d ecora ted p ot tery ,9 a nd f ro m t he B order a reas o f 1 0&11 Wa les , H ere fordsh ire a nd t he C otswo lds c o me t he ' duck ' s tampedwares . New i n terest i n t he B r it ish L a T ene p ot tery a r ises f ro m t he work o f D r . F . S chwappach o n t he C on t inent .

I n 1 969 a ppeared a d eta i led s tudy o f

t he s ta mp d ecorated p ot tery o f Ar mor ical 2 a nd h e i s c urren t ly c o mp i l ing a E uropean c orpus o f t h is t ype o f d ecora t ion .1 3 T he i nsp irat ion f or t h is s tudy i s d er ived p ar t ly f ro m D r .S chwappach 's w ork a nd p ar t ly f ro m D r . J .N .L . Myres ' s tudy o f t he Ang lo-Saxon p ot tery s tamps ,1 4 b u t a bove a l l f ro m t he c ons iderab le v o lume o f n ew ma ter ia l wh ich h as c o me t ol i ght o ver t he l ast t en y ears a s ar esu lt o f e xcava t ions , p ar t icu lar ly i n L inco lnsh ire a nd E ssex .

1

DEF IN IT ION OF TYPES OF DECORAT ION AND GEOGRAPH ICAL D ISTR IBUT ION T h is i s as urvey o f t he f i ne ware p ot tery o f t he L a l ' ne p er iod o f t he I ron Age i n e astern E ng land wh ich i s p redom inant ly d ecora ted w ith s tamps o f v ar ious t ypes a nd w ith a r ou let te whee l , t he t echn iques b e ing u sed e i ther s eparate ly o r i n c o mb ina t ion . O ccas iona l ly l arger a nd h eav ier s ta mps a re u sed o n c oarse ware j ars a nd t hese w i l l a lso b e c ons idered a s t he u se o f t h is t ype o f s ta mp i s a n e stab l ished I ron A ge t rad i t ion a l though i t may w e l l p ers ist we l l i nto t he R o man p er iod , a s d oes t he r ou let t ing t echn ique .1 5 S o me a t te mpt w i l l b e made t o s ee t h is t ype o f d ecorat ion i n aw ider g eog raph ica l s et t ing . A s c hrono log ica l e v idence i s e i ther l ack ing o r d epends o n t he s tudy a nd p ub l ica t ion o f t he mater ia l f ro m r ecent ly e xcavated s i tes , t h is must b e p r i mar i ly a n i nvest iga t ion o f t he s ty les a nd t echn iques w ith o n ly s econdary c ons idera t ion g iven t o r e lat ive c hrono logy . T he i n ten t ion o f t h is work i s ac orpus o f s ta mps a nd r ou let te d ecora ted p ot tery i n e astern E ng land a nd t here w i l l b e l i t t le a t te mpt t o r e late i n d eta i l t o o ther E ng l ish o r C on t inen ta l s ty les . T he s ta mps u sed a re b oth c ircu lar a nd n on-c ircu lar a l though t he c ircu lar o nes p redo m ina te . A l l a re made w i th a t oo l , b ut t he t oo ls t he ms e lves h ave n ot y et b een f ound o r i den t if ied . T he r ou let te w hee l i s u sua l ly s quare-toothed w ith e i ther a s ing le o r ad oub le r ow o f t eeth . I ti s u sed e i ther a lone o r i n c o mb inat ion w ith a f la t t oo led l ine . A lso i nc luded i n t he s urvey i s t he d ot ted l i ne t echn ique o f d ecorat ion a s t h is i s u sed i n t he s a me way a s t he r ou let te whee l a nd a ppears e i ther t o p ara l le l o r t o p recede c hrono log ica l ly t he r ou let t ing t echn ique . S tamp ing a nd r ou le t t ing a re o n ly t wo amongst o ther v ar ious t echn iques o f w h ich s cor ing , b urn ish ing a nd t he u se o f t he t oo led l i ne a lone a re o thers . H owever i ti s h oped t o d e monstra te ac erta in u n ifor m ity i n t he ir u se i n e astern E ng land b y r eference t o t he p a tt ern c o mb ina t ions o f wh ich t hey f or m a p ar t . I n e astern E ng land a re i nc luded a l l t he c ount ies b order ing t he s ea f ro m S ussex t o L inco lnsh ire a nd a lso S urrey a nd C a mbr idgesh ire .

T he u pper

T ha mes b as in , embrac ing s i tes i n Ox fordsh ire , B ed fordsh ire a nd B uck ingh a msh ire , i s a lso i nc luded s ince t he s tamps a nd p at terns a re o f t he e astern E ng l ish t ype . A s G r i mes a nd Ward-Perk ins h ave a lready d e monstra ted , t here i s a b as ic d i f ference b etween t he s outh western a nd t he s outh e astern t ype o f L a l ' ne d ecorat ion . T h is s urvey w i l l a t temp t t o s how , b oth t hrough a r ee xa m ina t ion o f t he k nown mater ia l a nd t hrough i n tegrat ion o f t he n ew w ith i t , t ha t t h is ' sou th e astern ' s ty le e x tends o ver a much l arger a rea o f e astern Eng land t han h as h itherto b een r ecogn ised . T he e astern s ty le i s p redo m inan t ly g eo metr ic a nd i s b ased o n a rc p at terns a nd a lso o n t he r ect i l inear c hevron a nd l ozenge mot ifs .

T he

emphas is i s o n t he l i ne o f t he p a t tern a nd t he s y mmetry o f t he d es ign . When t he a rcs i n ter lock t o f or m a ' l ea f ' mot if t he ' l eaf ' i s e ither l e f t =decora ted o r i s l i gh t ly b urn ished . O ccas iona l ly t he b ackground o r ' reserved z one ' i s b urn ished a nd t he ' l ea f ' i s l ef t p la in . T h is l i ght b urn ish ing i s s o met i mes

2

u sed i n t he r ect i l inear p at terns i n as im i lar way . T he c ircu lar s ta mps a re u sed t o emphas ise t he g eo metr ic l i ne o f t he p a t terns a nd t he d ecora t ion i s a l most i nvar iab ly c on f ined t o o ne z one . I n c on trast t he s outh western s ty le o f d ecorat ion i s f l ow ing a nd l ess s ta t ic . More emphas is i s p laced o n t he s cro l l , r eturn ing s cro l l a nd wavy l i ne p a t terns a nd t he s ty le h as more i n c o m mon w ith t he l eaf a nd t endr i l t ype o f d ecorat ion o f c on te mporary meta lwork . T he ' l ea f ' , t r iangu lar a nd o ther s paces c rea ted b y t he t oo led l i nes o f t he p at tern a re c o m mon ly f i l led i n w ith c ross h atch ing o r d iagona l l i nes . T h is c reates a n i n terp lay b etween t he t oo led l i nes a nd t he b ackground w ith t he emphas is o n a rea d ecorat ion . Where c ircu lar s tamps a nd r ou let t ing d o f or m e le men ts o f t he s outh weste rn t ype o f d ecora t ion t hey a re most c o m mon ly u sed a s a rea f i l l ing d ev ices . O f ten t he d ecorat ion e x tends t o more t han o ne z one s o t ha t more t han h a lf t he s ur face a rea o f t he p ot i s d ecora ted . T here i s ag rea ter v ar iety o f p a tt erns t han i n t he more a ustere e astern s ty le . I ti s f or t hese r easons t hat t he g roup o f v esse ls d ecora ted i n t he s ty le o f t he H unsbury p ots a re n ot i nc luded a l though t he s i tes l i e g eograph ica l ly w ith in e astern E ng land .

T he

H unsbury t ype p a t terns a re o f t he s cro l l a nd r eturn ing s cro l l v ar iety a nd t he d ecora t ion i s s o met i mes i n more t han o ne z one . T he L a T ine p ot tery d ecorated i n t he e astern t rad it ion f a l ls i n to f our d ist inct r eg iona l s ty l ist ic g roups w ith a p oss ib le f i f th j ust h in ted a t( F ig . 1 ) . T he U pper T ha mes , S ussex a nd T hames E stuary r eg ions e ach c on ta in d isc re te s ty l ist ic g roups . E ast A ng l ia h as more i so la ted e xa mp les o f s ta mped p ot tery a nd a nother l arge g roup i s c oncentra ted i n t wo a reas o f L inco lns h ire . E ach o f t he f our ma in r eg iona l g roups h as a c haracter ist ic f or m o f s ta mped , o r s ta mped a nd r ou le t ted d ecorat ion , a nd t he r eg ions o f S ussex , t he T hames E stuary a nd L inco lnsh ire c an t o s o me e x ten t b e l inked b y t he c o m mon o ccurrence o f ompha los j ars among t he d ecora ted wares ( F ig . 2 ) . T hese r eg ions a ccord f a ir ly w e l l w ith P rofessor C un l if fe 's s ty le g roups w h ich a re b ased o n w ider c ons iderat ions1 .6 T he e xcept ion i s t he o u tstand ing g roup o f s tamp d ecora ted p o ts w h ich f orms t he n uc leus o f t he T ha mes E stu ary r eg iona l s ty le . These f i ve r eg iona l g roups w i l l n ow b e d iscussed i n d eta i l u nder t he f o l low ing h ead ings : a ) S tamp a nd r ou let te t ypes , b ) P a t terns , c ) C haracter ist ic d ecora t ive s ty les a nd v esse l s hapes , d ) G enera l c onc lus ions a nd c hrono log ica l c ons idera t ions .

3

K EY

o STA MPED

DECORATION

ROULETTED

•

e STA MPED

•

DEC ORAT ION

& ROULETTED DEC ORAT ION

• DOTTED

DECORAT I ON

LAND OVER 250f t ( 76 m ) LAND OVER 500f t( 152 M)

F ig . 1 . D istr ibu t ion o f S tamp a nd R ou let te D ecora ted L a T ene P ot tery i n E astern E ng land . 4

F ig . 2 . Ompha los J ars w i th S tamped a nd Rou let ted Arc P a t terns .

5

THE UPPER THA MES REG ION . I . EARLY LA TENE PER IOD T he s ta mp d ecora ted La T ene p ot tery f ro m t h is r eg ion f a l ls i nto t wo c hrono log ica l g roups b e long ing t o t he e ar ly a nd m idd le p hases o f t he r eg ion 's I ron Age .

T h is i s t he o n ly o ne o f t he f ive r eg ions where t he w ho le r ange o f

La T ene p ot tery h as b een t horough ly s tud ied , a nd t he c hrono logy f or t h is s ect ion i s t here fore b ased o n D r . D .W . H ard ing 's work . 17 T he s i tes t o b e c ons idered f or m a f a ir ly c lose k n it g roup o n o r n ear t he n orthern e dge o f t he B erksh ire D owns a nd t he C h i lterns . T hey a re a l l c lose t o t he p reh istor ic t rackway k nown a s t he I ckn ie ld Way wh ich f o l lows t he n or thern e dge o f t hese c ha lk D owns . A ) STAMP AND ROULETTE TYPES T he s ta mps c ons ist o f c irc les a nd r ose t tes w ith o ne p oss ib le e xamp le o f r ou let t ing ( F ig . 3 ) . T hey o ccur i n av ar ie ty o f a rrange men ts e ither o nt he n eck o r t he s hou lders o f t he p ots a l though t hey a re most c ommon ly o n t he s hou lder . T hey a ppear e i ther s ing ly o r i n g roups a nd a re u sed o n t he ir o wn o r i n c o mb ina t ion w ith d ot ted l ine p at terns . T he s i mp le c ircu lar s tamps o ccur a t B lewburton , Ch innor , A l len 's P it a nd Moun t F ar m , D orchester .

T he Moun t F ar m s tamp i s al arge o ne ,

1 5 m ms i n d iameter , a nd o ccurs i n ah or izonta l r ow j ust b e low a f a ir ly a ngu lar s hou lder ( F ig .3 , S .9 ) . A sma l ler v ers ion w ith wh ite i n lay a t A l len 's P it i s a lso a rranged i n ah or izon ta l r ow b ut j ust b e low t he v ery s l igh t ly e verted r im ( F ig .3 , S .2 & F ig . 9 , n o 2 7 ).

Two s herds w ith sma l l c ircu lar

s tamps were f ound a t C h innor ( F ig .3 , S .1 ).

O n o ne s herd t he s ta mps a re

a rranged v er t ica l ly j ust b e low a n u pr ight r im a nd o n t he o ther t hey a re p laced h or izon ta l ly b e low t he n eck ( F ig . 9 , n os 2 9 &3 0 ). A t h icker v ers ion o f t he s i mp le c ircu lar s ta mp o ccurs b oth a t C h innor a nd a t B lewburton i n t wo s izes ( F ig . 3 , S .4 & 5 ) .

A t B lewburton t he sma l ler o ne i s u sed i n a

g roup o f t hree o n t he n eck a nd s hou lder o f a sma l l p ot ( F ig . 9 , n o 1 5 ) . T here were p oss ib ly more i n t he g roup a s t he s herd i s sma l l . On t he r ounded g ir th o f a nother p ot a h or izon ta l r ow o f l arger t h ickened c ircu lar s ta mps i s s urmoun ted b y ar ow o fu n ique o nes o f r ough ly c ruc ifor m s hape w h ich Mr .J .S .P . B rad ford s uggests c ou ld h ave b een made w i th a metatarsa l b one s awn t hrough a t m idsha f t

1 8

( F ig . 3 , S .13 & F ig .9 , n o 1 0 ) .

Bo th t he sma l ler a nd

t he l arger t h ickened c ircu lar s ta mps a ppear o n s herds f rom C h innor a nd a re a l most i den t ica l t o t he B lewburton e xa mp les . T here i s o ne d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp f ro m A l len 's P it ( F ig . 3 , S .3 ) . I ti s p laced i n as ing le h or izonta l r ow o n t he s hou lder o f al arge , t h ick wa l led v esse l , a nd h as t races o f wh ite i n lay ( F ig . 9 , n o 2 1 ). T he d i mp le s ta mps ( F ig .3 , S .7 & 8 ) o ccur o n ly i n t he t hree v a l ley s i tes o f A l len 's P it , L ong W it tenham a nd Moun t F ar m . A t Long W it tenham t here a re s herds f ro m t hree sma l l b ow ls w ith a ngu lar s hou lders . E ach h as a h or iz on ta l r ow o f s ta mps j ust a bove t he s hou lder a nd i n o ne c ase t hese a re c o mb ined w ith a p oss ib le c hevron p a t tern . 19

T hree s herds f rom A l len 's P i t

h ave a v ery s im i lar t ype o f d ecora t ion o n t he s hou lders o f sma l l b ow ls w ith a ngu lar p ro f i les . 2° A t Moun t F ar m a nd a t A l len 's P it t wo s herds h ave l arge

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F ig . 3 . S ta mps ( S ) a nd P at terns ( P ) o n D ecorated La P f tne P ot tery i n t he U pper T ha mes Reg ion : A . E ar ly P er iod ; Per iod .

S tamps 1 /1 . 7

B . M idd le

d i mp le s ta mps o n t he s hou lder a nd n eck , a nd i n o ne c ase t hese a re c o mb ined w i th a n i nc ised l i ne p a t tern ( Fig .3 , S .7 ) .2 1 T he r ose t te s ta mps o ccur o n ly a t B lewbur ton a nd C h innor b u t a re n u merous ( F ig .3 , S .10-12 ) .

T hey r ange i n s ize f ro m 5 t o 1 8

m ms i n

e x terna l d ia me ter a nd a re p laced e i ther s ing ly o r i n c lusters o r a t t he a pex o f p endan t a rcs .

A s w i th t he s i mp le c ircu lar s ta mps t hey c an b e e i ther o n

t he n eck o r o n t he s hou lders o f t he p o t ( F ig .9 , n os 2 ,5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,12-14 ,16 ,19 , 2 4-26 8 /2 8 ). T he l argest r ose t te s ta mp h as a sma l ler o ne i ns ide .

T he t wo

s ta mps were p robab ly s epara te ly a pp l ied a s t hey a re n o t c oncen tr ica l ly p laced ( F ig . 9 , n o 7 ) .

I n a no ther e xa mp le a l arge r ose t te s ta mp h as a

d o t ted r ose t te p laced i ns ide i t( F ig .9 , n o 1 1 ) .

B o th t he e xamp les o f t he

d oub le r ose t te s ta mp c o me f ro m B lewbur ton .

N one o f t he r ose t te s ta mps

f ro m t h is r eg ion s hows a ny t race o f wh i te i n lay .

C lear ly v ery c lose ly

r e la ted t o t hese s ta mps a re t he d o t ted c irc le ts f ro m wh ich i ti s s o me t i mes h ard t o d if feren t ia te t he m ( F ig .9 , n os 1 8 &1 9 , 2 2 &2 3 ). 2 2 O ccas iona l ly i m i ta t ion r ose t te s ta mps were a pparen t ly i nc ised a f ter f ir ing a s t he t oo l ing h as a l l b een c arr ied o u t i n o ne d irect ion w i th n o a t te mp t t o a ch ieve a r ad ia l e f fec t 2 3 O ne s herd o n ly f ro m B lewbur ton h as wha t c ou ld b e t rue s quaret oo thed r ou le t t ing b u t n o t e nough r e ma ins t o b e c er ta in t ha t t he impress ion w as n o t made w i th a c o mb r a ther t han a w hee l ( F ig .9 , n o 6 ) .

T he p a t tern

o f t h is s herd i s a lso u nusua l ( F ig .3 , p. 2 ).

B ) PATTERNS Of ten t he d ecora t ion o n t h is p o t tery g roup c ons ists s i mp ly o f g roups o r r ows o f s ta mps o r d o t ted c irc le ts wh ich a re s o met i mes l i nked b y d o t ted o r i nc ised l i nes . T he p a t te r ns , where t hey d o o ccur , a re more o f ten a g rop ing t owards a s ty le , p oss ib ly t he b eg inn ing o f t he ma ture e astern L a T ene s ty le . T he b ow l f ro m E l lesborough i s p erhaps o ne o f t he e ar l ies t , r a ther u ncer ta in , e xa mp les ( F ig .9 , n o 3 ) . I th as a n i nc ised wavy l i ne o n t he s hou lder w i th a d oub le d o t ted l i ne a bove .

T he w avy c hevron p a t tern o n

t he n eck may h ave b een i nc ised a f ter f i x ing .

T he d oub le d o t ted l i ne h ere , a s

o n t he b ow l f ro m C h innor ( F ig .9 , n o 1 ) , s ee ms t o b e af orerunner o f t he d oub le r ou le t t ing t echn ique . T he p a t terns u sed a re c hevrons , p endan t a nd s tand ing a rcs a nd wha t a ppears t o b e a n im ma ture a t te mp t a t ar unn ing s cro l l . a nd s t if f .

A l l a re v ery s i mp le

A t Ch innor a c rude c hevron i s d e linea ted b y ad oub le d o t ted l ine

o n t he n eck a nd s hou lder ( F ig .3 , P .1 ) , w h i le a t B lewbur ton t here i s ad eve lo pe men t o f t he s i mp le c hevron c o mb ined w i th a s ta mped c irc le t ( Fig .3 ,P .2 ) . T he d ecora t ion i s a pparen t ly i n t wo n arrow z ones w ith a r ou le t ted c hevron a nd s ta mped c irc le ts i n t he u pper , a nd s ta mped c irc lets a lone i n t he l ower o ne ( F ig .9 , n o 6 ) .

Ano ther i n teres t ing s herd f ro m B lewbur ton h as a d o t ted

t r iang le h or izon ta l ly p laced f ro m wh ich a d oub le d o t ted 1 Me l eads o f f r ound t he g ir th o f t he p o t .

T he d o ts a re f i l led w i th wh i te i n lay . 24

Two s herds

f ro m a p o t a t B lewbur ton h ave a r a ther u ncer ta in s tand ing a rc p a t tern c arr ied o u t i n d o ts f i l led w i th wh i te i n lay ( F ig .3 , P .3 ) , wh i le a v ery sma l l

8

b ow l f ro m C h innor h as a more s uccessfu l i nc ised p endan t a rc p a t tern w ith a d ot ted l ine a bove ( F ig . 9 , n o 3 1 ).

B u t a l l t hese p a t terns s ee m f u mb l ing

b eg inner 's p ieces c o mpared w i th t wo f ro m B lewburton .

O ne r estored p ot

a nd o ne s herd h ave a p a t tern o f d oub le d ot ted p endan t a rcs w ith a s ta mped r oset te a t e ach a pex .

I ti s i n terest ing t o n ote t ha t i n b oth t hese e xa mp les

t he p at tern i s n ot c on t inuous a l l r ound t he v esse l ( F ig . 9 , n os 5 & 9 ) . Another s herd f ro m t h is s i te h as t he s a me mot if b ut w ith t hree r ows o f d ott i ng i n t he p endant a rc .2 5

T he s econd ( F ig .3 , P .5 ) i s af i ne ly e xecuted

e xa mp le o f w hat a ppears t o b e as t i lted r ender ing o f t he r unn ing s cro l l mot i f ( F ig . 9 , n o 4 ) .

The r ounde ls a re c o mp lete ly s y m metr ica l ; t he b ow l i s h ae m-

a t ite c oated a nd t he d o ts emphas is ing t he p a t tern a re f i l led w i th wh ite i n lay .

C ) CHARACTER IST IC DECORAT IVE STYLES AND VESSEL SHAPES The d ecorat ive p a t terns a re v ar ied , b u t s i mp le a rcs a nd c hevrons p red om ina te . T he s tamps a lone a re u sed f ree ly w i th a n a pparen t r ando m p laci ng . Th is e xper i men ta l i mpression e x tends t o t he p a t terns where av ar iety a re u sed o n ac o mparat ive ly sma l l n u mber o f p ots . Wh i te i n lay i s u sed f requent ly i n t he d ot ted p a t terns a nd i n t he t wo c ircu lar s ta mps f ro m A l len 's P it . There i s ar e markab le s im i lar ity i n t he r oset te s tamps f ro m C h innor a nd B lewbur ton a nd t hese s ta mps d o n o t o ccur a t a ny o ther s i te i nt he r eg ion . As im i lar u n ity c an b e d etected i n t he d i mp le a nd c ircu lar s ta mps f ro m A l len 's P it , L ong Wit tenham a nd Moun t F ar m . The t yp ica l d ecorated b ow l i s f a ir ly sma l l w ith a g ir th o f a bou t 1 6 t o 1 8 ems .

I th as ah igh f lar ing r im a nd e i ther r ounded o r a ngu lar s hou lders .

B ase s hapes v ary f ro m l ow p edesta ls , s ha l low f oot-r ing a nd s l igh t ly d ished b ases a t C h innor t o ompha los o ne a t L ong W it tenha m a nd A l len 's P it .

D ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS AND CHRONOLOG ICAL CONS IDERAT IONS There i s a marked u n ity i n t h is sma l l g roup o f d ecorated p ot tery b oth i n s tamps a nd p a t tern t ypes a nd i n t he p ot p rof i les , s o t ha t t here i s s o me j usti f ica t ion f or c ons ider ing i t ad iscrete g roup . T he c lose s im i lar ity o f t he C h innor a nd B lewbur ton r ose tte s ta mps s uggest a t l east s o me c ontact b etween t he p ot ters . Hard ing h as r ecen t ly d rawn a t ten t ion t o t he s im i lar ity o f t he c irc le a nd d ot s ta mps a t S tand lake ( F ig .3 , S .6 ) t o t hose a t A l len 's P it . A lthough t he A l len 's P it s ta mps a re n ot o f t he r ing a nd d o t v ar iety t hey a re p lac g o n t he n eck a nd s hou lder o f l arge s i tu late j ars s im i lar t o t hose a t S tand lake . S tandl ake , h e s uggests , c ou ld b e d a teab le t o t he e ar ly s ix th c en tury B . C .2 7 H e a lso n otes t he s im i lar ity b etween t he i mpressed c irc le a nd d ot p a t terns a t S tand lake a nd t hose a t A l l C ann ings C ross i n Wi ltsh ire a nd s uggests t ha t t he o r ig ins o ft h is t ype o fd ecora t ion c ou ld b e l ooked f or a t t h is s i te where t he f i ne ware p ottery i sc haracter ised b yh igh f lar ing r i ms a nd t he u se o f wh ite i n lay . R ecent r ad io c arbon d ates f or t he s i te a t C ow D own , L ongbr idge D ever i l l , W i ltsh ire , w h ich i s b road ly c on te mporary w ith A l l C ann ings C ross , r ange f ro m 5 63 708BC b ased o n t he 5 730 h a lf l i fe . 28 B rad ford , i n 1 942 , r eferred

9

t o t he s i te a t B lewburton a s t he ' potent ia l A l l C ann ings C ross o f n or th B erksh ire ' ,2 9

a nd Hard ing s uggests t ha t t he r ound b od ied b ow ls f ro m B lew-

b ur ton w ith r ounde l a nd p endan t a rc d ecora t ion h ave Ha l lsta t t f eatures a nd a re c o mparab le w ith t he Eastbourne b ow ls .3 °

H owever , i ts hou ld b e n o ted

t ha t t he p ot tery d ecora ted w ith s tamped r oset tes f ro m Ch innor , wh ich a re a l most i den t ica l w i th t he B lewburton r oset tes , c o mes f rom t he u pper l eve ls o f t he s i te .

F or t h is u pper l eve l Hard ing s uggests a d ate b e fore t he m idd le

o f t he f our th c entury B . C .3 1

THE UPPER THA MES REG ION . I . M IDDLE LA TENE PER IOD T he s i tes o f t h is p er iod wh ich h ave p roduced s ta mped p ot tery a re , i n c on trast w i th t hose o f t he e ar l ier p er iod , s i tuated ma in ly i n t he Va le o f t he Wh ite Horse t o t he n or th o f t he B erksh ire D owns . C herbury C a mp , H a t ford a nd F r i lford a re j ust n or th o f t he r iver O ck wh i le C assing ton a nd Yarn ton a re n ear t he r iver E ven lode . B lewburton , wh ich s tands o n a sma l l em in ence n or th o f t he ma in l ine o f t he D owns , h as a lso p roduced s ta mped p ot tery o f t h is l a ter p er iod .

With t he e xcept ion o f F r i lford t hey a re a l l

s et t le men t s i tes o f o ne t ype o r a nother , C herbury a nd B lewburton b e ing h i l l f or ts .

F r i lford h ad a t e mp le a nd s ee ms t o h ave b een a s hr ine .

A ) STA MP AND ROULETTE TYPES T he s ta mps o f t h is p er iod a re a l lc ircu lar a nd a re e ither s i mp le c irc lets o r a re c o mposed o f t wo o r t hree c oncentr ic c irc les . I nc on trast w ith t he e ar li er p er iod t hey a re n o l onger t he d om in an tf ea ture o f t he d ecorat ion b u ta re u sed s par ing ly t o emphas ize t he p endan t a nd i n ter lock ing a rc p at terns . An e xcept ion i s t he sma l l j ar f ro m B lewbur ton t he s ur face o f wh ich i s e n t ire ly c overed b y sma l l r ing a nd d o t s ta mps a bou t 3 -4 m ms i n e x terna l d iameter ( F ig . 3 , S .17 & F ig . 1 0 , n o 1 5 ) .

A s herd f ro m F r i lford s hows t he u se o f

d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps a s a n i n f i l l ing d ev ice f or a c ordon o r ' l ea f ' p a t tern ( F ig .3 , S . 1 6 &F ig .1 0 , n o 1 4 ) w h i le a t Hat ford a r ow o f t hese s tamps a pparen t ly e nc irc led t he b ase o f ar ound b od ied p ot ( F ig . 3 , P .7 ).32 An i n terest ing f ea ture o f t he d ecora t ion i s t he u se o f ' quas i-rou le t t ing ' b etween t oo led l ines . On t he b ow l f ro m F r i l ford i ti s c rescen t ic b u t t he b ow l i s r estored f ro m s o many f ragmen ts t ha t i ti s imposs ib le t o t e l l i ft he t oo l marks r epeat i n s uch a way a s t o s uggest t he u se o f aw hee l ( F i 00 , n o .3 ) . T he s herd f ro m Yarn ton a lso h as t h is c rescent ic t r ou let t ing ' 2 3 One s herd f ro m R ose H i l l , Ox ford , a nd a r estored s aucepan p ot f ro m B lewburt on h ave t he s ame k ind o f ' quas i-rou let t ing ' b etween d oub le t oo led l i nes b ut i n t hese e xa mp les t he ' rou let te ' i s as tra igh t l ine r a ther t han a c rescen t . 34 A t r iangu lar ' rou let te ' i s u sed o nthe F r i lford b ow l w i th t he e laborate i n terl ock ing a rc p a t tern ( F ig . 1 0 , n o 1 ) , wh i le a t B lewburton o ccur b oth s ing le a nd d oub le d o t ted l ines wh ich a re v ery r em in iscen t o f t he t rue r ou le t te t echn ique ( F ig . 3 , P s . 6 & 8& F ig . 1 0 , n o T here i s o ne i nstance o f wha t may b e t rue s quare-toothed r ou le t t ing o n av ery l arge b ow l f ro m B lewburton wh ich was u n fortuna te ly f ound s ha t tered

1 0

i n to many p ieces s o t ha t t he r econstruct ion i n t he d raw ing i s d oubt fu l . T he e xcavator , h owever , was o f t he o p in ion t ha t t he t wo l i nes o f n otched d eco ra t ion o n e i ther s ide o f at oo led l i ne e nco mpass ing t he g ir th h ad b een e xecuted w i th ' a wooden o r b one c o mb w ith t ee th o f r ectangu lar c ross s ect i on ' . 36

A s herd wh ich was b ough t f ro m t he c o l lect ion o f Mr . J esse K ing

o f A pp leford , B erksh ire , h as b een r eferred t o a s r ou let ted b u t o n i nspect i on t h is p roves n ot t o b e t he c ase .

B e low t he r e ma ins o f a n o rna menta l

p ane l o n t he s hou lder i s an arrow r ow o f s quare p unched marks f l anked b y t oo led l ines .3 7

B ) PATTERNS 1 ) P endan t A rcs T h is i s t he s i mp lest p a t tern a nd i tw ou ld s ee m t o b e ad eve lop men t f ro m t he e ar ly B lewbur ton d o t ted p endan t a rcs .

Two , t hree o r f our t oo led

a rcs h ang f rom a s ing le s ta mped c irc let ( F ig . 3 , S .14 ) . A t C ass ing ton E ast was f ound a g lobu lar b ow l w ith t hree t oo led a rcs p endan t f ro m t he c irc le t ( F ig . 3 , P .9 ) .

T he d ecora ted z one i s b ordered b o th a bove a nd b e low b y

t oo led l ines ( F ig . 1 0 , n o 5 ) .

Av ery s im i lar p a t tern a ppears o n ag lobu lar

b ow l f ro m F r i lford w here f our t oo led a rcs h a rp & f ro m t he c irc let . t here i s n o h or izon ta l l i ne b eneath t he p a t tern .3 8

H ere

S l igh t v ar ian ts o f t h is

p a t tern o ccur o n s herds f ro m C herbury a nd Hat ford where t he s ta mped c irc let i s r epeated b e low t he a pex o f t he p endan t a rc ( F ig . 3 , P .10 ) . C herbury t wo t oo led l i nes s ur moun t t he p at tern

3 9

A t

wh i le a t H a t ford t hese

l ines a bove t he p at tern e nc lose a r ow o f sma l l v er t ica l t oo l marks ( F ig . 1 0 , n o 4 ) .

Poss ib le f ur ther v ar ian t s o f t h is s i mp le t oo led p endan t a rc mot if

c an b e s een o n t hree sma l l s herds f ro m F r i lford where t here a re s uggesti ons o f t he i n ter lock ing a rc a nd t an ta l is ing f ragmen ts h in t ing a t o ther d eve lop men ts .

Bu t n ot e nough r e ma ins f or a ny r ea l ist ic h ypotheses ( F ig .

1 0 , n os 1 2 &1 3 ). 2 ) I n ter lock ing Arcs A tF r i lford t he s i mp le p endant a rc d eve lops i n to t he f u l l i n ter lock ing o ne .

On a r ounded b ow l t h is p a t tern i s c o mb ined w ith a t r ip le c oncen tr ic

c irc le s tamp p laced a l terna te ly a t t he s pr ings a nd t he a p ices o f t he a rcs ( F ig .3 , P .11 ).

A s econd b ow l f ro m t h is s i te s hows a v ery i n terest ing f ur-

t her d eve lopment o f t he i n ter lock ing a rc mot if .

T he p ot ter s ee ms t o h ave

s tar ted w ith t he p endan t a rc a nd t hen , i nstead o f s i mp ly a dd ing a s tand ing a rc t o t he p a t tern , h e s p l it i tu p i n to h a lf a rcs t o f i l l i n t he s paces . T h is i s t he t rue C e lt ic i mag ina t ion a tw ork , d iv id ing t he s ty l ised mot i f i nto i t s c omponen t p ar ts a nd r e-co mb in ing t he m t o g rea ter e f fect ( F ig . 3 , P .12 & F ig .10 , n o 1 ) . 3 ) O ther C urv i l inear P a t terns P a ttern n umber t h irteen c omes f ro m t he we l l k nown a nd much i l lustrate d s herd f rom Y arnton . 40

I tn eeds t o b e s tressed , h owever , t ha t i ti s t he

s o le e xa mp le o f t h is t r iske le mo t if f ro m t he who le r eg ion . T he t echn ique o f c rescent ic ' r ou let t ing ' a nd t he t r ip le c oncen tr ic c ircu lar s ta mpis ,however ,

1 1

v ery s im i lar t o t ha t o f t he b ow l f ro m n earby F r i lford ( F ig .1 0 , n o 3 ) .

T h is

Yarn ton s herd i s u nusua l i n o ther ways a s i ti s v ery t h ick a nd must h ave b een p art o f av esse l wh ich was c ons iderab ly l arger t han t he n or ma l sma l l r ounded b ow l . I ndeed , i t s s ize a lone c ou ld a ccoun t f or t he e xper i men ta t ion i ndu lged i n b y t he p ot ter . T here i s o ne e xa mp le o f wha t c ou ld b e as cro l l p at tern o n t he s herd f ro m R ose H i l l , Ox ford . 41

A s cro l l t erm ina l a ppears w i th in a p robab le

s tand ing a rc b ut a ga in , a s a t Yarn ton , t he t echn ique i s r em in iscen t o f F r i lf ord . 4 ) R ect i l inear P a t terns R ect i l inear p a t terns o n t he r ounded b ow ls a re c on f ined t o t he c hevron a nd l ozenge mot if a nd a re r e la t ive ly f ew i n n umber . I t wou ld s ee m t ha t t he p ot ters d id n ot f ind t hese p a t terns s o s a t isfactory f or t he b ow l s hape . T hey a re n ot f ound i n c o mb ina t ion w ith c ircu lar s ta mps . Ab ow l f ro m B lewburton , men t ioned a bove , h as a c hevron p a t tern o f d oub le d ot ted l i nes f lanked b y t oo led o nes ( F ig .3 , P .6 & F ig .1 0 , n o 2 ) .

T h is i s t he s o le e xa mp le o f ac hev-

r on p a t tern o n t h is t ype o f b ow l . T he l ozenge mot i f a ppears o n ly t w ice o n t he r ounded b ow ls , a nd o n ly o nce i n c o mb ina t ion w ith d oub le d ot t ing .

A t

C ass ington a d oub le r ow o f d ots j ust b e low t he r im s ur moun ts a l ozenge f i l led w ith p ara l le l t oo led l i nes . 42 5 ) P a t terns o n S aucepan P ot tery T he s aucepan p ot tery f ro m t h is r eg ion i s n ot s o c o mmon ly d ecora ted a s a re t he r ounded b ow ls , b u t t wo f i ne e xamp les d o o ccur a t B lewburton H i l lo f wh ich o ne b ears a f i gure o f e ight p a t tern made b y d oub le t oo led l ines e nc los ing a s ing le l ine o f d ot t ing . T he p a t tern i s b ordered b oth a bove a nd b e low b y c ordons o f d iagona l i nc ised l i nes ( F ig . 3 , P .8 ). 43

T he s econd p o t h as a

p at tern r em in iscen t o f t he p oss ib le s cro l l o f t he R ose H i l l s herd a nd u ses t he ' quas i-rou let t ing ' t echn ique i n as im i lar manner . 44

C ) CHARACTER IST IC DECORAT IVE STYLES AND VESSEL S HAPES T he most p reva len t p a t tern i s t he p endant a rc b ut i ti s d rawn a s a t oo led l i ne i n c on trast t o t he d ot ted o ne f ro m t he e ar l ier p er iod a t B lewburt on .

I ti s a lways c o mb ined w i th t he sma l l s ta mped c irc lets . On ly a t F r i l-

f ord d oes t he i n ter lock ing a rc o ccur . T he r ounded b ases o f t he p ots a re a lso o ccas iona l ly d ecora ted . U sua l ly t h is s ee ms t o b e ad ev ice f or p os it ion ing

4 5 t he a rc p a t tern o n t he b ody o f t he p ot b u t i n o ne c ase i t i s ac irc le o fs ta mps . T he t yp ica l p ot i s t he g lobu lar b ow l wh ich i s a bout 1 8 ems i n g ir th . T he s aucepan p ot i s a lso f a ir ly c o m mon a nd n o d oub t t he t ype o f d ecora t ion was

i n f luenced b y t he d e mands o f t he s hapes . T he d ecorat ion i s c on f ined t o o ne z one a l though , d ue t o t he d icta tes o f t he p ot s hape , t h is z one u sual ly o ccup ies more t han h a lf t he b ody s pace a va i lab le f or d ecora t ion . T he p a t terns a re b oth c urv i l inear a nd r ect i l inear w ith ap reva lence o f t he f or mer d ue ,n o d oubt , t o t he d om inance o f t he g lobu lar b ow l

t o wh ich t he c urv i l inear p at-

t erns a re more s u itab le . T here s ee ms t o b e n o e v idence t hat t he r ect i l inear t ype o f d ecorat ion p recedes c hrono log ica l ly t he c urv i linear t ype . 1 2

D ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS AND CHRONOLOG ICAL CONS IDERAT IONS T he s i tes c ons idered c luster q u ite c lose t ogether a nd c an b e s a id t o h ave a d ist inct ive d ecora t ive s ty le . W ith t he e xcept ion o f F r i lford t hey a re a l l s et t lemen t s i tes . I t may b e s ign if icant t hat F r i lford , wh ich h as p roduced t he most e laborate ly d ecorated p ot tery , i s t he s i te o f as hr ine a nd c ou ld a lso h ave b een a market a nd c en tre o f p ot tery p roduct ion f or t he a rea . T h is g roup o f d ecorated p ot tery h as b een d ated s econd t o f i rst c en tury B .C . a l though Hard ingnow t h inks t ha t s o me o f i t c ou ld b e e ar ly s econd c entury i fn o t l ate t h ird c entur 0 6 I ti s s eparated f ro m t he f i f th a nd f our th c entury d ecorated wares b y p la in smooth d ark ware wh ich i s u ndecora ted . I ta ppears t ha t i n t he l a te f our th a nd e ar ly t h ird c en tur ies t he a rt o f p ottery d ecora t ion w as d orman t i n t h is r eg ion .

THE S USSEX REG ION T he L a T ene s ta mp a nd r ou let te d ecorated p ot tery f ro m t h is r eg ion c omes ma in ly f ro m a g roup o f s i tes wh ich a re c lustered a long t he s outh c oast b etween t he r ivers A dur a nd C uckmere a nd o n t he D owns b eh ind , e x tend ing n orthwards u p t he v a lley o f t he O use . T he s i tes i nc lude b oth h i l l f or ts a nd u ndefended s et t le ments ; s o me f i nds c ome f ro m p its a t s i tes o f i nde ter m ina te c haracter .

A ) S TA MP AND ROULETTE TYPES 1 ) S tamps I n c ommon w ith t he M idd le La T ene p er iod d ecora t ion f ro m t he U pper T hames r eg ion , t he c ircu lar s ta mps o f S ussex a re sma l l a nd a re u sed s pari ng ly t o emphas ise t he mot i fs . T he r ange o f i nd iv idua l s tamps i s n ot g rea t , b e ing r estr icted t o d i mp les a nd s i mp le c irc lets . T here a re t wo e xamp les o n ly o f a sma l l d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s tamp ( F ig .4 ) . T he q ua l ity o f t he s tamp v ar ies g reat ly . S o me a re a l most p erfect wh i le o thers , a s a t K ingston B uc i ( F ig .4 , S .4 ), c ou ld h ave b een made f ro m s awn o f f b one f ragmen ts . T he s ta mps a re u sua l ly p laced a t t he s pr ings o f s tand ing a rc p a t terns , o f ten i n p a irs a nd o ccas iona l ly i n g roups o f t hree . I n t he c hevron p a t terns t hey a re p laced s ing ly o n t he a ng les , wh i le g roups o f t hree a re u sed i n t he a ng les o f t he s tand ing a rcs o r , i n o ne i nstance , b e low t hem . Two c irc lets a re p laced n ear t he r im o n a sma l l s herd f ro m C har leston B row i n a manner r em in iscen t o f C h innor . 47 2 ) R ou let t ing T he t rue s quare-toothed r ou let te whee l i s a ma jor e le ment i n t he d eco ra t ion a t s ome s ites i n t h is r eg iona l g roup . T he whee l u sed h as a s ing le r ow o f t ee th . T he s i te a t Horsted K eynes , l y ing j ust t o t he s outh o f t he Wea ld ,

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F ig . 4 . S ta mps , Rou let te t ypes ( S ) a nd P at terns ( P ) o n D ecorated La Tene P ot tery i n t he S ussex Reg ion .

1 4

S ta mps 1 /1 .

i n a t l east t wo i nstances , d e l ineated s o le ly b y t he s ing le r ou let te whee l ( F ig .4 , S .6 ) a l though t he l i ne i s s o met i mes r epeated t o g ive t he i mpression o f ad oub le w hee l ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 1 ) .

I n a nother e xa mp le , t he s ing le r ou let ted

a rc i s e nc losed b y p ara l le l t oo led l ines ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 8 ) . O ne s herd h as a s ing le r ou let ted a rc emphas ized b y at oo led l ine a bove wh ich t he r ou let te w hee l h as b een u sed f ree ly a s as pace f i l l ing d ev ice ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 5 ) .

T h is

i s t he o n ly e xa mp le i n t he r eg ion o f t he u se o f t he whee l i n t h is manner a nd i ti s r em in iscent o f t he d ecora t ion f ro m H eng istbury H ead ( see b e low p .37f ) . Av ery l arge j ar h as a d oub le r ow o f r ou let t ing b etween t oo led l ines j ust b e low t he n eck , a nd b enea th t h is i s ar ow o f c irc lets ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 6 ) . A t K ings ton B uc i , o n t he s outh c oast , f ragments o f a nother v ery l arge j ar a re d ecora ted w ith a n e x treme ly sma l l t oothed r ou let te whee l ( F ig .4 , S .7 ) . C hevron a nd a rc p at terns a re e n t ire ly r ou let ted a nd a re emphas ized b y av ery c rude ly made t h ick , c ircu lar s ta mp . T he whee l h as b een l i f ted f rom t he s ur face a t f requen t i n terva ls d ur ing t he a pp l ica t ion , g iv ing a d isj o in ted a nd c are less i mpress ion ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 7 ) . T hree sma l l s herds f ro m t h is s i te h ave f ur ther e xa mp les o f t he v ery sma l l r ou let t ing . 48 Av ery f i ne ompha los j ar f ro m S a ltdean , a lso o n t he s ou th c oast , h as a rcs o f s ing le r ou le t ted l i nes f l anked b y t oo led l i nes . B ut , a s a t K ingston B uc i , t here i s e v idence o f c are less a pp l ica t ion a s t he r ou let t ing wanders i n a nd o ut o f t he t oo led l i nes ( F ig .1 1 , n o 1 0 ). S t i l l o n t he s outh c oast , f ro m C ast le H i l l , N ewhaven , a nd f ro m B roadwa ter c o me s herds wh ich a re d ecora ted w ith a r ou let te whee l .

T he

B roadwater s herd c o mes f rom al arge r ounded j ar a nd h as a s ing le l ine o f l arge s quaretoothed r ou let t ing b e low a b ead r im . T here i s as uggest ion o f f ur ther r ou let t ing b eneath b ut l i t t le r e ma ins . 49

T he t wo N ewhaven s herds

s how r ou let t ing a s a n e le men t o f s tand ing a rc d es igns . O n o ne t he r ou let ti ng i s b etween d oub le t oo led l ines a nd o n t he o ther a d oub le r ou let ted l ine e nco mpasses t he g ir th ( F ig .1 2 , n os 2 & 3 ) . T he t wo o u t ly ing s i tes o f A nst iebury a nd Mer le C o m mon , b oth o n t he s ou thern e dge o f t he N or th D owns , s hou ld b e ment ioned h ere a s t hey c ou ld b e r epresen ta t ive o f a much w ider s pread o f t h is d ecorat ive t echn ique . A nst iebury h as p roduced a n e xamp le o f wha t c ou ld b e ar ou let ted s tand ing a rc . I th as a t oo led l i ne w ith a r ow o f s ing le r ou let t ing u nderneath .5 0 Mer le C o mmon h as a t r ip le r ow o f s ing le r ou let t ing j ust b e low t he n eck o fa l arge j ar .5 1 P ara l le l w ith t he u se o f t he r ou let te whee l t he d ot t ing t echn ique c ont inu es a l though i tp lays a s ubs id iary r o le . T here a re e xa mp les o f b oth r ound a nd s quare d o t ted i mpre,s ions b etween t oo led l i nes f ro m T he C aburn ,

a

h i l l f ort s i te a bove t he O use v a lley ( F ig .12 , n o 6 ) .5 2 A lso f rom T he C aburn c o mes a s herd w ith a d o t ted p endan t a rc p a t tern ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 8 ) . A t P ark B row o n t he D owns west o f t he r iver Adur , t r iangu lar d ot ted i mpressi ons a re p laced w ith in t oo led l i nes f or m ing b oth s tand ing a nd p endan t a rcs ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 1 2 ) a nd o ne s herd h as a d oub le d ot ted l ine j ust b e low t he r im ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 9 ) . A t C h idd ingstone , as i te n or th o f t he Wea ld , al arge s herd h as d ot t ing b etween t oo led l i nes i n ac hevron p a t tern ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 3 ) . C ast le H i l l , N ewhaven , h as a s herd w i th t wo r ows o f d ot ted i mpress ions o nt he n eck5. 3 1 5

T he ' quas i-rou let t ing ' t echn ique o f t he U pper T ha mes i s a lso e choed h ere b u t a t o n ly t wo s i tes , T he C aburn a nd N ewhaven . I ti s n ot a s ign i f icant e le men t among t he r eg iona l d ecorat ive t echn iques .5 4 B ) PATTERNS 1 ) S tand ing Arc T h is i s t he p redo m inant p a t tern i n t he r eg ion a nd i ti s c on f ined t o t he l arge g lobu lar , s o met i mes ompha los b ased j ars a nd t o t he sma l ler , r ound s hou ldered f oot r ing j ars wh ich Ward-Perk ins d escr ibed a s d u mpy p edesta l u rns .5 5

T he s i mp le a nd u nadorned a rc i s f ound o n ly a t H orsted K eynes

( F ig .4 , P .1 & F ig . 1 2 , n os 1 & 4 ) where i ta lso a ppears w i th t wo d i mp le s ta mps a t t he s pr ings o f t he a rc ( F ig .4 , P .6 ).

A no ther e xamp le h as t wo

d i mp le s ta mps p endan t f ro m t he a rc ( F ig .1 1 , n o 3 ) , wh i le a v ar ian t f ro m t h is s a me s i te h as t hree d i mp le s ta mps p laced i n t he a ng le where t he a rcs meet ( F ig .4 , P .2 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 8 ) .

A t S a ltdean t he a rcs s pr ing f rom t wo

i mpressed c irc lets ( F ig .4 , p .3 ) wh i le a t C ast le H i l l , N ewhaven , a nd a t Park B row t hey s pr ing f ro m t hree c irc lets ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 3 ) . A s herd f ro m T he C abu rn a lso h as a s tand ing a rc p a t tern b ut i ti s b roken o ff a t t he p o in twhere t he s ta mp wou ld h ave b een ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 6 ) . Am inor v ar ian t o n t he s tand ing a rc p a t tern i s t he ' e yebrow ' mot i f a nd i ti s b est e xe mp l i f ied o n t he f oo t r ing j ar f ro m L it t le Horsted Lane i n t he O use v a l ley ( F ig .4 , P .5 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 2 ) . H ere t he a rcs d o n ot meet a t t he b ase a nd t hree c ircu lar s ta mps a re p laced b enea th t he m . T he l arge f ragmentary j ar f ro m H orsted Keynes may a lso h ave h ad t h is ' e yebrow ' mot if o n t he s hou lder b u t n ot e nough r e ma ins f or c erta in ty o n t h is p o in t ( F ig .4 , P .4 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 6 ) . I t may b e n oted t ha t t he a pp l ica t ion o f t hese s tand ing a rcs i s n o t a lways a s met icu lous ly c arr ied o ut a s wou ld a ppear f ro m t he r educed d raw ings . O n t he o n ly t wo l arge j ars where t he t o ta l d ecora ted c ircum ference r ema ins , t he a rcs were n ot marked o ut b eforehand a s wou ld s ee m t o h ave b een t he c ase w ith t he d ecora t ion o n t he b ow ls f ro m t he U pper T hames r eg ion i n t he m idd le L a T ene P er iod . T here a re ma jor d iscrepanc ies w here t he p a t tern r eturns t o i t s s tart ing p lace . T h is h ad b een i l lustra ted i n t he c ase o f t he H orsted Keynes j ar a nd t he s a me weakness i n t he e xecu t ion o ccurs o n t he ompha los j ar f ro m S a ltdean ( F ig . 1 1 , n o 1 0a ) . 2 ) P endan t Arc T h is p a t tern i s c on f ined t o s aucepan t ype p ots a nd i s i n frequen t .

I t

o ccurs o n t he we l l k nown u rnl ike v esse l f ro m P ark B row where i ti s p end an t f ro m t he r im , ( F ig .4 , P .10 ) a nd a lso o n as im i lar ly s haped v esse lf ro m T he C aburn ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 8 ) . 3 ) C hevron A s w ith t he s tand ing a rc t h is p at tern i s a l most e xc lus ive ly c on f ined t o t he l arge g lobu lar j ars a nd t o t he f oo t r ing j ars . I ti s n o t o f ten u sed . T here a re t hree e xa mp les f ro m C har leston B row , as i te o n t he D owns b etween t he

1 6

O use a nd C uckmere r ivers .

H ere i ti s c o mb ined e i ther w ith a s ta mped

c irc let o r ad i mp le s ta mp ( F ig .4 , P .8 ), 5 6

a nd a t B roadwater t he c hevron

e nc loses t hree d i mp le s ta mps ( F ig .4 , P .9 ) . A t C h idd ingstone a c hevron o f t oo led a nd d o t ted l ines d ecora tes a s aucepanl ike p ot ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 3 ). T he K ingston B uc i j ar h as t he o ne e xa mp le o f d oub le z one d ecora t ion where a c rude c hevron s ur mounts a s tand ing a rc p at tern o n t he s we l l ing b ody o f t he p ot ( F ig .4 , P .7 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 7 ) . A t S ea ford o n t he s outh c oast a p robab le c hevron i s c o mb ined w ith a s tamped c irc let .5 7 4 ) S cro l l T he C aburn a nd C ast le H i l l , N ewhaven , a re t he o n ly s i tes where t h is p a t tern a ppears .

I ti s c on f ined t o p ots o f t he s aucepan t ype a nd i s n ot u sed

a t a l l o n t he l arge g lobu lar j ars . F our s herds f ro m T he C aburn h ave a s cro l l p a t tern c o mb ined w ith sma l l c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps , p laced i n g roups o f t hree o r f our , ( F ig . 1 2 , n os 1 0-12 ). 5 8

Ar econstruct ion h as b een

a t te mpted f rom t hese f our s herds b u t t h is must r e ma in s pecu lat ive ( F ig .4 , P .11 ) . A sma l l b ow l f ro m N ewhaven a lso h as a f i ne r unn ing s cro l l p a t tern c o mb ined w ith a l arge d i mp le s ta mp . T he s cro l l p at tern i s d ot ted ( F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 C ) CHARACTER IST IC DECORAT IVE STYLES AND VESSEL S HAPES

T he p reva len t d ecora t ive mot if i s t he p la in s tand ing a rc w ith n o h int o f t he i n ter lock ing o r s p l it i n ter lock ing a rc p a t terns o f t he U pper T hames r eg ion . With t he e xcept ion o f t he r are s cro l l p a t tern , t he emphas is i s o n s i mp le e legance a lthough t h is d oes o ccas iona l ly d escend t o c rud ity a nd c lu ms iness . T he s tand ing a rc a nd t he c hevron a re t he p a t terns o f t he l arge g lobu lar j ar , wh ich s o met i mes h as a n ompha los b ase , a nd o f t he f oot r ing j ars o r d umpy p edesta l u rns . T he p endant a rc a nd t he s cro l l a re c onf ined t o t he s aucepan p o ts . I ti s t he d ecora t ion o f t he l arge g lobu lar j ars wh ich i s t he most i n tere st ing f ea ture . O f t he j ars w h ich b ear s tamps , r ou let t ing o r d ot ted l i nes , t wo c erta in ly h ad ompha los b ases a nd s even o thers may h ave h ad .

I t i s

c erta in t ha t t hese d ecora ted s herds a l l c o me f ro m l arge g lobu lar j ars o f a s im i lar t ype whe ther o r n ot t he ir b ases were ompha lo id . T ha t t h is l arge j ar was a p reva len t r eg iona l t ype i s c lear f ro m t he l i tera ture wh ich men t ions s evera l e xamp les t ha t a re e i ther u ndecorated o r h ave a s i mp le t oo led a rc d ecorat ion . S o met i mes o n ly t he d ist inct ive b ases h ave s urv ived .5 9

S o me o f

t he r ou let te d ecora ted j ars w ere v ery l arge i ndeed ; t wo f ro m H orstedKeynes h ave a g ir th o f a bou t f or ty c ent imetres . D ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS AND CHRONOLOG ICAL CONS IDERAT IONS T he p o in ts d iscussed i n d e ta i l a bove s uggest a d ist inct s ty le g roup ingfor t h is LaTene d ecora ted p ot tery c en tr ing o n t he O use v a l ley . T he d at ing , h owe ver , mus t r e ma in p rob le ma t ica l a s most o f t he ma ter ia l c o mes f ro m u nstrat if ied s i tes e xcavated many y ears a go , o r f ro m c hance f i nds i n p its .

1 7

Ward-Perk ins s aw t he l arge ompha los j ars a s c hrono log ica l ly e ar l ier t han t he f oot r ing j ars o r d u mpy p edesta l u rns wh ich h e c onsidered e ar ly p ostc onquest . Bu t h e d id r ecogn ise t he ompha los j ars a s ap oss ib le i n trus ive e le ment wh ich t he g enera l c oasta l d istr ibu t ion wou ld c erta in ly s uggest . " We must n ow a wa it f ur ther e v idence o f f i nds f ro m we ll s trat if ied s i tes . Y et ap roport ion o f t h is f i ne ly d ecorated ware i s v ery c lear ly h and made a nd s o mewhat c rude i n t he d eta i led e xecut ion o f t he p a t terns . T h is makes i t a l i t t le h ard t o a ccept t he l ate I ron Age d a tes u sua l ly a scr ibed t o i t .

THE THA MES E STUARY AND LO WER THA MES REG ION T he s i tes i n t h is g roup a re c oncentrated i n t he T ha mes E stuary w ith o ne o ut lier a t Langenhoe , n ear C o lchester . A lso i nc luded a re a sma l l g roup o f s i tes i n t he L ower T ha mes Bas in a round t he r ivers Wey a nd Mo le , where s ta mped a nd d ot d ecorated p ot tery h as a ppeared . T h is i s a sma l l s ubg roup b ut i s i nc luded w ith t he T ha mes E stuary f or c onven ience . A ) STA MP AND ROULETTE TYPES 1 ) C ircu lar S ta mps C o mpared w ith t he t wo r eg ions s o f ar c onsidered t he c ircu lar s tamps h ere a re l arge , e laborate a nd n u merous .

T here a re o n ly t hree e xa mp les o f

t he s i mp le c ircu lar s ta mp ( F ig . 5 , S .1 ), o ne f ro m Muck ing , o n t he n orthern s ide o f t he E stuary , o ne f ro m C ray ford wh ich i s s outh o f t he R iver a nd o ne f ro m Hawks ' H i l l i n S urrey . A t Muck ing , where s evera l s herds p oss ib ly f ro m t he s a me p ot , h ave t h is s i mp le s tamp , i ti s a lways c omb ined i n a p a t tern g roup w ith t he more c o mp lex s ta mps . A v ery sma l l c ircu lar s ta mp i s u sed o n t hree s herds f ro m t he s a me v esse l a t Hawk 's H i l l , af ar mstead s i te i n S urrey n ear t he r iver Mo le .6 1

T he s ta mps a re p laced i n s tra ight

l ines a nd a re r em in iscent o f at ype o f d ecorat ion u sed a t Wanc l lebury , C a mb r idgesh ire , a nd a t Warha m i n N orfo lk ( see b e low p . 2 5 ) . T here a re n u merous d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncentr ic c ircu lar s ta mps a nd t he ir e xterna l d ia meters v ary f ro m 7 m ms t o 1 7 m ms .

T he sma l ler s ta mps

a re a lways g rouped w ith t he l arger o nes wh i le t he l argest a re u sua l ly p laced s ing ly . T he l argest o f t hese s ta mps c o mes f ro m a v ery sma l l s herd f ro m L ower Ha lstow o n t he s outh b ank o f t he e stuary . I th as t hree c oncentr ic r ings a nd a c entra l d i mp le a nd may h ave b een p laced i n ag roup o f t hree a l though t he s herd o n ly h as t wo c o mp lete e xa mp les ( F ig . 5 , S .10 & F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 8 ). T he o n ly o ther s ta mps w ith a c entra l d i mp le a lso c o me f ro m a s i te s outh o f t he E stuary . A t B orden , n ear S i t t ingbourne , d oub le a nd t r ip le c onc entr ic c irc les e nco mpass a c entra l d i mp le ( F ig . 5 , S s . 8& 9 ) .

O ther

e xa mp les o f d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps o ccur o n e ither s ide o f t he E stuary ( F ig . 5 , S s . 2 -7 ). T he s ta mp i mpress ions t he mse lves a re v ery e ven a nd t he t oo ls wh ich p roduced t he m must h ave b een made w i th g reat p rec ision . T hey a re c aref u l ly a nd e ven ly i mpressed a nd where t hey a re d eep , a s o n t he Langenhoe j ar , t he f ee l ing i s t ha t t h is was i n tent iona l a nd n ot j ust c lumsy work .

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F ig . 5 . S ta mps , Rou let te t ypes ( S ) a nd Pa t terns ( P ) o n Decorated La T he P ot tery i n t he T ha mes E stuary a nd L ower Thames Bas in .

S tamps 1 /1 . 1 9

T he g roup ing o f t he s ta mps i s v ery d ist inct ive a nd t hey d om inate t he s paces b etween t he ' l eaves ' o f t he i nter lock ing a rc p at terns . c o m mon a rrange men t i s i n g roups o f t hree .

T he most

On t he j ar f ro m Canewdon ,

s ou th o f t he r iver C rouch , a nd o n s evera l s herds f ro m Muck ing , t he s ize i s s ub t ly v ar ied , al arger s ta mp s o met i mes b e ing p laced c entra l ly o r i n o ther c o mb ina t ions .

On o ne s herd f ro m Muck ing t hree sma l l p la in c ircu lar

s ta mps a re p laced a t t he c rest o f a wavy l i ne a nd a re f lanked b y p a irs o f l arger d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps .6 2

A s herd f ro m N or Marsh h as

t hree sma l ler s tamps a rranged t r iangu lar ly a round a l arger c entra l o ne ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 2 1 ). T he sma l l s ta mps h ere a re i dent ica l i n s ize w ith t he t wo i nner r ings o f t he l arger s ta mp . T he ompha los j ar f ro m Muck ing h as g roups o f t hree s ta mps b e low t he ' l ea f ' a nd p a irs a bove . Two , o r p erhaps t hree , d i f feren t d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps h ave b een u sed o n t h is j ar , a ppare n t ly a t r ando m ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 2 b ) .

T he s ing ly p laced s ta mp o ccurs a t G reat

Waker ing , o n t he n orth c oast o f t he E stuary .

H ere i ti s l arge , 1 7 m ms i n

e x terna l d ia meter , a nd a dequate ly f i l ls t he a va i lab le s pace ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 3 ) . O n t he L angenhoe j ar t he s ta mp i s a lso p laced s ing ly e xcept f or o ne s pace wh ich i s f i l led w ith t hree i mpress ions o f t he s ame s ta mp ( F ig . 1 3 , n o l a ) . I t a ppears g enera l ly t ha t t hese c ircu lar s tamps were u sed more a s as pace f i l l ing d ev ice t han a s a n emphas is t o t he t oo led l i nes o f t he p at tern . T hey a re n ever p laced a t t he i n tersect ion o f t he a rcs . S o met i mes , a s o n t he C anewdon ompha los j ar , t hey d om inate t he i n ter lock ing a rc p a t terns wh ich b ecomes a s ubord ina te f ea ture . T here a re t wo e xcept ions t o t he g enera l t r iangu lar a rrange men t o f t he c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamps . One i s o n as herd f ro m Muck ing w here a r ow o f t hese s tamps i s e nc losed w ith in a c ordon .6 3

T he o ther i s o n a sma l l j ar

f ro m C rayford ( F ig . 5 , P .8 ). H ere o n t h is t h ick wa l led , h and made , v esse l a sma l l c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp i s u sed i n as ing le r a ther u neven r ow a round t he s hou lder . T h is i s u nusua l i n t hat i td oes n ot c on for m t o t he g enera l v ery c arefu l p lac ing o f t he s ta mps . H owever , t he i mpress ion s hows e v idence t ha t t he t oo l u sed t o make i t was v ery p rec ise ly made ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 7 ) . T he o n ly o ther c ircu lar s tamp i s t he d i mp le wh ich i s ar ar ity ( F ig . 5 , S .11 ). I to ccurs a t Muck ing ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 7 ) a nd o nce a t E sher , as i te i n t he L ower T ha mes B as in b etween t he r ivers Mo le a nd Wey .6 4 2 ) N on-c ircu lar S ta mps Wh i le t hese s ta mps a re f ar f ro m c o mmon t hey a re u sed o ccas iona l ly . O ne s herd f ro m Muck ing h as a sma l l t r iangu lar s ta mp ( F ig . 5 , S .13 ) w h ich i s r epeated i n ah or izon ta l r ow ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 6 ) , wh i le a t C anvey I s land , a lso o n t he n or thern s ide o f t he E stuary , t h is t ype o f s tamp i s u sed t o emphas ize t he t oo led l ine o f t he p a t tern ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 5 ) . A sma l l r eversed S s ta mp i s f ound o n o ne s herd f ro m Muck ing ( F ig . 5 , S .12 ) . I ti s p oss ib le t ha t t h is s tamp was o n ar ou let te whee l b ut n ot e nough r e ma ins t o c heck i ft he s equence r epeats ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 2 ). O ne v ery i n terest ing s tamp c o mes f ro m Ewe l l o n t he n orthe rn s lopes o f t he N or th D owns . T h is i s al arge r eversed S s ta mp made w ith as quare n otched t oo l ( F ig . 5 , S .14 ), a nd i tl i es w ith in a c ordon o n t he s hou lder o f al arge r ounded v esse l ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 1 ).

T he e xcavator c an g ive

n o c er ta in e v idence o f t he d a t ing b u t s ays t he ware c on ta ined f ine wh i te

2 0

q uartz p ar t ic les wh ich a re t yp ica l ly ' ear ly I ron Age ' .6 5

G enera l p ara l le ls

f or t h is t ype o f s tamp o ccur i n t he C otswo lds a t C leeve H i 1 16 6 a nd , more c lose ly , a t t he Marcher h i l l f or ts o f M idsu mmer C amp , C rof t Ambrey a nd S u tton Wa l ls .6 7 T hese a re t he ' duck ' s tamped wares a nd t he S o f t he s tamp i s n ot r eversed a s i ti s a t Ewe l 1 .6 8 3 ) R ou let t ing The s quare-toothed r ou let te i s r are i n t h is r eg ion ; Wickford , B eauc ha mps , n ear t he r iver C rouch , i s t he o n ly s i te where t he d oub le t oothed whee l h as b een d ef in ite ly i den t i f ied o n t wo s herds . O ne s herd i s f ro m a p robab le ompha los j ar a nd t he r ou let t ing emphas ises a n i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern s im i lar t o t ha t a t G un H i l l ( F ig .1 3 , n o 4 ) . T he o ther s herd i s sma l ler a nd b ears p art o f at r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp a nd al ine o f d oub le t oo thed r ou let t ing .6 9

T he o n ly o ther p oss ib le e xamp le o f s quare-

t oothed r ou let t ing c o mes f ro m a s herd f ound b enea th t he Ro man t e mp le s i te a t Wor th , o n t he e ast c oast o f K en t . 7° A p hotograph s hows a s herd w ith a pparen t r ou let t ing o n e i ther s ide o f at oo led l i ne f orm ing a l ozenge mot i f . As herd f rom Borden wh ich h as a s quare n otched d ecora t ion , r eferred t oa s r ou let t ing , p roved o n i nspect ion t o b ear s quare n otches i nd iv idua l ly a pp l ied7. 1 T he o n ly o ther r ou let te f ound s of ar o n t he p ot tery f ro m t h is r eg ion i st ha t w i th a sma l l Z( F ig .5 , S .15 ) . T h is o ccurs a t t wo s i tes , Muck ing 7 2 a nd N or Marsh , n or th a nd s ou th o ft he E stuary r espect ive ly ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 2 1 ). T h is r oul e t te i s u n ique a sn oo ther e xamp les h ave s of ar b een f ound i ne astern E ng land . O n t he t wo s herds f ro m Muck ing t he Z r ou le t te i s r eversed ( F ig . 1 9 , n os 1& 2 ) . T here i s o ne e xamp le o f s quas i-rou let t ing ' o f t he U pper T hames t ype o n ab ow l f rom Hawk 's H i l l . T he p a t tern s ee ms t o b e ap endan t a rc a nd t he b ow l s hape i s s im i lar t o t ha t o f t he M idd le La T ene p er iod .7 3 4 ) D ot ted D ecorat ion The d ot ted t ype o f d ecora t ion u sed a s ap ara l le l t o r ou le t t ing i s more c o mmon . A t Gun H i l l , as i te o n t he n or th b ank o f t he E stuary , ad oub le l i ne o f d ot ted i mpress ions emphas izes a n i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 4 ) i n a manner a l most i dent ica l w i th d ecora t ion f ro m D ragonby , L inco lnsh ire , where t he l i nes a re r ou let ted ( F ig .1 6 , n o 1 ) . A s herd f ro m Wick ford b ears ad oub le r ow o f sma l l r ound d imp les i n c o mb inat ion w ith f la t t oo led l i nes ,7 4 wh i le a t C anvey I s land s ing le d ot ted l i nes f l ank a t oo led o ne i n ac hevron mot if ( F ig .5 , P .7 ) . T h is mo t if , d e l inea ted i n e xact ly t he s ame way , i s f ound a t Wis ley , as i te i n S urrey n ear t he r iver Wey , where t he d ot ted l i ne i s f ound b etween t wo p ara l le l t oo led o nes .7 5 A t Muck ing a s ing le d ot ted l i ne i s f l anked b y t oo led o nes t o f orm awhor l p a t tern ( F ig .1 4 , n o 1 7 ) ,7 6 wh i le a s herd f rom what s ee ms t o b e av ery s im i lar ly d ecora ted p ot c o mes f ro m C aesar 's C amp , Keston , as i te o n t he N orth D owns i n Ken t .7 7 A no ther s herd f ro m Muck ing h as a t oo led l i ne f l anked b y s ing le r ows o f i mpressed d o ts ( F ig .14 , n o 3 ) . Two f ur ther u ses o f t he d o t t ing t echn ique a re r epresented a t Muck ing . O n o ne s herd t he d ot ted i mpress ions a re u sed a s a n i n f i l l ing d ev ice a nd o n s evera l o thers t he d ots f or m ap a t tern o n t he ir o wn , p oss ib ly o fr oset tes .7 8

2 1

D ot ted l i nes a re a lso u sed a s t he s o le me thod o f d ecorat ion a t Wis ley ,7 9 a nd p oss ib ly a t Hawk 's H i l l . T h is a ppears t o b e s im i lar t o t he Wand lebury a nd Warha m u se o f d o t ted i mpress ions . B )PATTERNS T he i n ter lock ing a rc i s t he d om inan t p a t tern a nd , a s i n S ussex , i t s u se i s c on f ined t o t he g lobu lar , o f ten ompha los b ased , j ars a nd t o t he sma l ler r ound s hou ldered f oot r ing j ars . Where t he s tand ing a rc i s u sed a s o n t wo p ots f ro m Ma idstone a nd o ne f ro m F et ter L ane , L ondon , t he p a t tern i s a p la in d oub le t oo led l i ne wh ich i s w ithou t c ircu lar s ta mps .8 0 O ne p oss ib le e xcept ion c o mes f ro m t he I s le o f G ra in o n t he s ou th c oast o f t he E stuary . T he s herd i s n ot i l lustra ted b u t t he e xcava tor d escr ibes i ta s h av ing ' t oo led s em i-c irc les w ith g roups o f t hree i mpressed c oncen tr ic r ings p lacedwhere t he t oo led work meets .

F ro m t h is d escr ip t ion t he a rcs c ou ld b e e ither p en-

d an t o r s tand ing .8 1 1 ) I n ter lock ing Arcs T he s i mp le i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern emphas ised b y ad oub le r ow o f d ott i ng o ccurs a t Gun H i l l a nd W ick ford ( F ig . 5 , p .1 ), A t Cray ford a p la in t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern i s u sed b u t o n o ne s herd t he p a ttern i s a cco mpan ied b y as ing le c irc le b e low t he i n tersect ion o f t he a rcs .8 2 B u t t h is i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern i s most c o mmon ly a ccompan ied b y t hree o r f our sma l l c oncen tr ic c ircu lar s tamps o r b y o ne l arge o ne p laced i n t he s paces b etween t he ' l eaves ' ( F ig .5 , P . 2 ) . O n t he Langenhoe j ar a s ing le s tamp i s u sed e xcept i n o ne s pace w here t hree a re p laced t r iangu larl y ( F ig .1 3 , n o l a ). T he g roup o f t hree s tamps u sua l ly f ea tured i n i l lus trat i ons o f t h is v esse l , i s a no ma lous a s t he g enera l i n tent ion i s s ing le s tamps . On t h is j ar t he ' l eaves ' a re l i gh t ly b urn ished w ith a f la t t oo l a nd s ix i n terl ock ing a rcs make u p t he t o ta l d ecora t ion . T he G rea t Waker ing j ar h as a v ery l arge s ing ly p laced s tamp a nd a lso , a most u nusua l f ea ture , t races o f at oo led c hevron p a t tern i n al ower z one ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 3 ). T he f oo t r ing j ar f ro m C anewdon h as a v ery e legan t v ers ion o f t he i n ter lock ing a rc mo t i f , u s ing t hree sma l l p er fect ly p laced c irc les ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 9 ) . T h is p at tern was a lso u sed a t Muck ing a s i s i nd ica ted b y s evera l s herds ( F ig .1 4 , n os 1 & 4 ) , a nd o ne s herd h as c lear e v idence o f b urn ish ing w ith in t he ' l eaves ' ( F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 3 ). P a t tern n u mber t hree , t aken f ro m j us t o ne e xa mp le a t C anewdon , i s a v ery i n terest ing v ar ia t ion o n t he i n ter lock ing a rc t he me . H ere t he p endan t a rc i s r ep laced b y a wavy l i ne wh ich s uggests a more c urs ive f or m o f t he r ather f or ma l a rc . I ti s a nother e xa mp le o f t ak ing a p at tern t o p ieces a nd r e-co mb in ing i t .8 3 On a r ecen t ly d iscovered ompha los j ar f ro m Muck ing t he ' i nter lock ing a rcs ' a re more w ide ly s paced t han n orma l a nd a re e ccentr ica l ly p laced . T hey d o n ot i n ter lock a nd l eave a w ide c en tra l z one f ree o f a ny d ecora t ion ( F ig . 5 , P .4 ) . G roups o f t hree d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamps a re p laced i n t he l ower t r iang les f or med b y t he p endan t a rcs , a nd p a irs o ccupy t he c orresp ond ing s paces i n t he u pper s tand ing a rcs . T he p a t tern c ompr ises f ive 2 2

s tand ing a nd f ive p endan t a rcs wh ich i s u nusua l ; more n or ma l ly p a t terns a re c o mposed o f f our , s ix o r e ight ( F ig . 1 3 , n os 2 & 2 b ) . Yet a no ther v ar ia t ion o f t he i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern i s u sed o n t he l arge ompha los j ar f ro m C anewdon ( F ig . 5 , P .5 ). H ere t he l ines o f t he p endant a nd s tand ing a rcs a re s o met i mes e x tended u pwards o r d ownwards t o meet t he t oo led l i ne e nc los ing t he d ecora t ive z one . T h is i s n ot d one c ons istent ly a nd s ee ms a c lear c ase o f e xper i men ta t ion t owards a n ew t ype o f p a t tern . Twe lve i n ter lock ing a rcs c o mpr ise t he t o ta l p a t tern a nd t hese v ary i n s ize c ons iderab ly ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 6 ) . 2 ) R ounde l T h is mot i f c an p oss ib ly b e s een o n ap robab le f oot r ing j ar f ro m C anvey I s land ( F ig .1 3 , n o 5 ) . Mr . W . J . R odwe l l h as r econstructed t h is a s ar ounde l p a t tern b ased o n ac o mpar ison w ith a mot if f ro m Meare .8 4

H ere , h owever ,

t he r ounde ls s ee m t o b e l inked w ith a f igure o f e ight r a ther t han w ith as cro l l a s o n t he Meare v esse 1 .8 5

Af urther p ara l le l i s r epresen ted b y as herd

f ro m Dragonby , L inco lnsh ire , where a c o mp lete r ounde l i s p reserved ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 8 ) . 3 ) C hevron T he p la in c hevron c o mb ined w ith d ot ted d ecora t ion i s v ery r are . On ly o ne s herd f ro m Canvey I s land r epresen ts i ti n t h is r eg ion ( F ig .5 , P . 7 ) .86 At oo led c hevron b eneath a n i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern o n t he G reat Waker ing j ar h as a lready b een men t ioned ( F ig . 1 3 , n o 3 ) . C ) CHARACTER IST IC DECORAT IVE STYLES AND VESSEL S HAPES The i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern i s t he o n ly o ne wh ich i s u sed e x tens ive ly a nd i t s p oss ib i l it ies a re e xp lored i n av ar iety o f d i f feren t ways . T here i s n o s tereotyped c opy ing o f at rad it ion b u t much e xper i men ta t ion w ith n ew c o mb ina t ions . T h is v ar iety e x tends t o t he n u mber o f a rcs wh ich make u p t he t o ta l p at tern . T hese r ange f ro m f ive t o t we lve i n n u mber . The c ircu lar s ta mps a re l arge a nd f or m a ma jor e le ment o f t he d ecora t ion , a nd t hey a re n o l onger u sed s i mp ly t o emphas ise t he i n tersect ions o f t he p a t terns . T he t oo ls wh ich p roduced t he i mpress ions were met icu lous ly made a s t he r ings a re u sua l ly p er fect ly c oncentr ic . S o me p a t tern b urn ish ing i s u sed w i th in t he ' l eaves ' b u t t he b urn ish ing more o f ten c overs t he who le v esse l , g iv ing i t af ine smoo th f i n ish . The v ar ia t ions a nd i rregu lar it ies i n t he p a t terns , h owever , s uggest h and made p ot tery a s d oes t he f abr ic o f t he ware wh ich i s n ear ly a lways we l l g r it ted w ith s he l l , c a lc ite o r q uar tz . Y et a v ery h igh d egree o f c ra f ts mansh ip i s n ot iceab le i n t he t h inness a nd s hap ing o f t he p ots a nd t he f i ne b urn ished f i n ish .8 7 T he d ecora t ion i s a lways i n o ne z one o n t he s hou lder . E legan t f oot r ing j ars a re s tamp d ecora ted b ut t he c o m monest f or m o f d ecorated j ar i s t he l arge g lobu lar o ne wh ich c an h ave e i ther a t oo led r im o r a n u pr ight s l igh t ly

2 3

e verted n eck .

F ive o f t hese j ars h ave ompha los b ases a nd s ix o thers a re

s im i lar i n s hape a nd p robab ly h ad b ases o f t h is t ype . They a re f ound i n a c lose-kn it g roup a round t he T ha mes E stuary ( F ig . 2 ) . D ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS AND CHRONOLOG ICAL CONS IDERAT IONS Know ledge o f t he d ecora t ion o f wha t Ward-Perk ins h as c a l led ' sou th e astern B ' p ot tery h as b een much e x tended o ver r ecent y ears a s ar esu lt o f e x tens ive e xcava t ions a t Muck ing b y Mrs . M . U . J ones a nd a lso b y Mr . W . J . R odwe l l f ro m t he s i tes a t Gun H i l l , o n C anvey I s land a nd a t Wick ford . Muck ing h as y ie lded much n ew a nd i n terest ing i n for mat ion a bout t he w ide r ange o f d ecora t ion u sed o n t h is g roup o f p o t tery . T he o vera l l impress ion g iven i s o f v ery f i ne c ra f ts mansh ip b oth i n t he d ecorat ive t echn iques a nd i n t he c onstruct ion o f t he h and made v esse ls . I ti s t e mpt ing t o t ry a nd c onstruct a s ty l ist ic d eve lop men t f ro m t he s tand ing a rcs o f t he S ussex r eg ion t o t he more e laborate i n ter lock ing a rcs o f t he T hames E stuary b ut t here i s n ot e nough c hrono log ica l i n for ma t ion t o d o t h is r e l iab ly . Y et i t wou ld s ee m t hat t here c ou ld b e ap ara l le l d eve lopmen t h ere t o t ha t n o ted i n t he U pper T ha mes r eg ion , where t he s i mp le p end ant a rcs d eve loped i n to i n ter lock ing a nd s p l it i n ter lock ing a rc p at terns . N one o f t he e ar l ier-d iscovered e xamp les o f t h is f ine ly d ecorated p ot tery i s r e l iab ly s tra t if ied . T he ' sout h e astern B ' p ots f ro m Canewdon were f ound a t t he s ame t ime a nd a t t he s ame s i te a s t he c ordoned whee l made p ots a nd were b rough t i n to t he Museum b y work men .8 8

T he s i te was

e v iden t ly a c e metery , b u t t here i s n o r eason t o a ssu me a s hort p er iod o f u se , a nd t he b ur ia ls c ou ld we l l h ave e x tended o ver s evera l s uccess ive p ot tery s ty les . A l l t he ompha los j ars f ro m t he r eg ion , a nd p robab ly a lso t he t a l lf oot r ing f ro m C anewdon , a re h and made . P rofessor C . F . C . Hawkes ' h in t a bout t he p oss ib le p re-Ay lesfordS war l ing d a te f or s o me o f t he E ssex d ecora ted p ot tery r e ma ins t o b e i nvest i ga ted .8 9

H e h as w ondered i fi tc ou ld b e c onnected w ith t he Ga l lo-Be lg ic A

a nd B c o inage d a ted b y Mr . D . F . A l len f ro m a bout 1 50 t o 1 00 B . C . 9°

EAST ANGL IA T he s i tes , wh ich a re f ew i n n umber , c over a v ery w ide a rea b u t t hey d o n ot c onven ient ly f i t i n w i th t he o ther g roups a nd s o a re c ons idered s eparatel y . T hree s i tes a re n ear t he e astern c ont inuat ion o f t he I ckn ie ld Way o n t he n or thern e dge o f t he C h i lterns wh i le t he o thers a re f urther a f ie ld i nN or fo lk a nd S u f fo lk . STAMP AND ROULETTE TYPES 1 ) C ircu lar S ta mps T hese a re o f t he d i mp le a nd p la in c ircu lar v ar iety . A t A b ing ton P igot ts , C a mbr idgesh ire , o ne l arge s herd h as f i ve d i mp le s ta mps , 8 m ms i n e x terna l

2 4

d ia me ter , a rranged i n t wo r ows b e low t he n eck o f af l a t r i m med v esse 1 .9 1 D i mp le s tamps o f h a lf t h is s ize a t Ar m ingha l l , N or fo lk , a re c o mb ined i n h or izonta l a nd v er t ica l r ows w i th a t oo led c hevron .9 2

D ar msden , S u f fo lk ,

h as a d i mp le s ta mp s im i lar i n s ize t o t he Ab ing ton P igot ts o ne p laced a t t he a pex o f ap robab le t oo led c hevron .9 3 T here a re o n ly t wo e xa mp les o f t he s i mp le c ircu lar s ta mp b u t t hey a re b o th a bout 8m ms i n e x terna l d ia meter , a nd b oth c o me f ro m s i tes i n t he e ast o f t he r eg ion . O ne , f ro m D ar msden , s tands a t t he a pex o f at r iang le wh ich i s f i l led w ith sma l l d o ts 9 4 w h i le t he s econd , f ro m E a ton H ea th , n ear Norw ich ,9 5

i s p laced i n ap robab le r ow a round t he s hou lder .9 6

2 ) Rou let t ing T rue s quaretoothed r ou le t t ing a ppears a t Ab ington P igot ts .

T he

whee l u sed i s s ing le-rowed a nd t he v esse ls d ecora ted a re o f t he s aucepan p ot v ar iety . I n t wo c ases t he d ecora t ion i s j ust a s ing le l i ne b e low t he r im wh i le o n at h ird s herd t wo l i nes o f s ing le r ou let t ing b order a s ha l low c hevr on . A l l t he s herds a re b urn ished i n an arrow b and b e low t he r im a nd o ne h as l igh t s cor ing o n t he b ody b e low t he r ou let ted l i ne ( F ig . 1 5 , n o 5 ) . A v ery sma l l s herd f ro m A ldw ick , Bar ley , H ert fordsh ire h as a p oss ib le r ou let ted l i ne b ut t he n otches a re i rregu lar a nd t he s herd i s n o t l arge e nough t o s ee a p oss ib le r epeat o f t he p a t tern .9 7

I n S t . I ves Museu m ,

Hun t ingdonsh ire , i s t he b ase o f av esse l wh ich h as t wo r ows o f s quare n otched d ecora t ion j ust a bove t he f oot b u t t h is c annot c er ta in ly b e s a id t o b e r ou let t ing .9 8 3 ) D ot ted D ecorat ion T he d ot ted d ecora t ion i s b o th more p reva len t a nd more i nterest ing . F ro m Ab ing ton P igo t ts c o mes a c o mp lete p ot wh ich i s r em in iscen t o f t he C h innor p ot tery b oth i n s hape a nd d ecora t ion . T he d ecora t ion i s i n t he f or m o f p endant a rcs a nd i s c arr ied o u t e n t ire ly i n t he d ot t ing t echn ique ( F ig .1 5 , n o 1 ) . A s herd f ro m a p ot o f s im i lar s hape h as a s hou lder d ecora t ion o f sma l l d i mp les r a ther t han d o ts b u t t he p at tern i s i ndec ipherab le .9 9

A t

Ar m ingha l l a sma l l n ecked j ar h as a d ot ted p at tern o n t he s hou lder . d ots a re i n s tra ight l i nes b u t t he p a t tern i s u nc lear . 1°0

T he

Two s i tes h ave sma l l s herds o f p ot tery wh ich i s d ecorated w i th d ot ted r oset tes . T hese a re t he h i l l f or ts a t Wand lebury i n C a mbr idgesh irel° 1 a nd a t Warha m n ear t he n orth c oast o f N or fo lk .1 02

T he d ot ted r ose t tes a re

u neven a nd a re l inked w ith o ther d ot ted p a t terns b u t t he s herds a re t oo sma l l t o s pecu late o n t he n a ture o f t hese p a t terns . T he t ype o f d ecora t ion h as more i n c o m mon w ith t he f ew s herds f ro m Muck ing a lready men t ioned t han w ith t he C h innor r oset tes . C ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS T h is a rea d oes p resen t a n u nna tura l g ap i n t he d istr ibu t ion map o f s ta mp a nd r ou let te d ecora ted p o t tery a nd i ts ee ms p oss ib le t ha t t here i s much more o f t h is t ype o f p ot tery a wa it ing d iscovery o r i den t if ica t ion . C un l if fe i n 1 968 p ostu la ted a f our th t o t h ird c entury B . C . D ar msden s ty le

2 5

g roup wh ich embraces d ecora ted a nd p la in p ot tery f ro m s i tes b oth i n E ast Ang l ia a nd t he L ower T hames B as in . 1°3

More r ecent ly h e h as l inked t he

Wand lebury a nd A b ing ton P igot ts p ot tery w ith t han o f C h innor i n af i f th t o t h ird c en tury B . C . g roup .1 04

B ut t he e v idence i s t oo s parse a s y et f or a ny

s uggested g roup ing o f t he d ecorated p ot tery .

THE L INCOLNSH IRE REG ION T he d istr ibu t ion map s ee ms t o i nd ica te t ha t t he L inco lnsh ire g roup o f d ecora ted p ot tery i s i so lated f ro m t he o ther g roups . Wh i le t h is i s s o g eog raph ica l ly i ti s n ot s ty l ist ica l ly t rue , f or i t s d ecora t ion b e longs v ery much t o t he s a me e astern E ng l ish L a T ene f am i ly . T he L inco lnsh ire s i tes f a l l n a tura l ly i n to a n or thern a nd a s outhern g roup . T he n or thern g roup c o mpr ises D ragonby n ear t he c on f luence o f t he r ivers T ren t a nd H u mber , K ir m ing ton f i f teen m i les t o t he e ast i n ag ap t hrough t he Wo lds , a nd F onaby , 1°5 a l i t t le t o t he s outh a nd o n t he e dge o f t he Wo lds . T he s outhern g roup c lusters a round t he Ancaster Gap where t he u pper wa ters o f t he r iver S lea d escend f ro m t he l imestone e scarp ment . D ecora ted p ot tery h as b een k nown f or s o me t ime f ro m Ancaster , Ewerby a nd O ld S lea ford , where i t was f i rst d iscovered i n 1 963 .1 06 a t S apperton ,1 07

R ecen t ly a s i te

al i t t le t o t he s outh o n t he l imestone r idge , h as s tarted t o

p roduce s ta mped a nd r ou let ted p ot tery . I ngo ldme l ls , as a ltern s i te o n t he e ast c oast , i s i so la ted f ro m t he o ther s i tes b u t h as p roduced o ne o f t he most p er fect l i t t le p ots o f t he who le g roup .1 08 A ) STAMP AND ROULETTE TYPES Twen ty-s ix d i f ferent s ta mp t ypes h ave b een r ecorded i n L inco lnsh ire , b oth c ircu lar a nd n on-c ircu lar . T he c ircu lar s tamps h ave f ro m t wo t o f our c oncen tr ic r ings o r a re p la in c irc lets . T here a re a lso s tamped r oset tes a nd ar ange o f d i mp le s ta mps . T he n on-c ircu lar s tamps a re v ar ious i n s hape a nd a lways c on f ined w ith in a c ordon . T he s ize o f t he c ircu lar s ta mps i s g enera l ly sma l ler t han t hose o f t he T hames E stuary g roup a nd t hey a re u sed o f ten b ut n ot i nvar iab ly f or emphas is r a ther t han a s s pace f i l l ing d ev ices . 1 ) C oncen tr ic C ircu lar S tamps T he s i mp le c ircu lar s tamp ( F ig . 6 , S .1 ) i s n ot c o m mon . A t Dragonby i t a ppears o n a sma l l Sp ro f i le b ow l where t here must h ave b een a g roup o f f our o r more ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 5 ) . T he d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le i s more w ide ly u sed a nd i s n or ma l ly a bou t 8 m ms i n e x terna l d iameter ( F ig .6 , S .2 & F ig .1 8 n o 1 ) , a lthough t he r ange v ar ies f ro m 5m ms t o1 6 mms ( F ig . 1 8 , n o1 5 &F ig . 6 , S .2 6 ). Two s herds f ro m D ragonby h ave a t h ickened v ers ion o f t h is s ta mp ( F ig . 6 , S .3 & F ig . 1 8 , n o 8 ) . T he s ta mp w ith t hree c oncentr ic c irc les i s b y f ar t he most p opu lar o f t he c ircu lar s ta mps ( F ig . 6 , S .4 ). I th as s evera l v ar ian t f orms a l though t he e x terna l d iameter i s n ever g reater t han 1 1 m ms . T he s ame t oo l h as b een u sed t o p roduce t he i mpress ion o n s evera l o f t he D ragonby s herds ( F ig . 1 6 ,

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F ig . 6 . S ta mps a nd R ou let te t ypes ( S ) o n D ecorated La T\ e ne Pot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion .

2 7

S ta mps 1 /1 .

n o 7 , F ig .1 7 , n o 6& F ig . 1 8 , n o1 1 ). A v ery s im i lar s tamp i mpress ion o ccurs b oth a tK irm ing ton ( F ig . 7 ,P .5 ) a nd a tA ncas ter . I n e ach c ase t he r ings o f t he s tamp a re p er fect ly c oncen tr ic . Av ar iant o f t h is s tamp , w here t he r ings a re p laced c lose t o t he o uter p er i meter , o ccurs o n as herd f ro m D ragonby ( F ig .6 , S .5 ). T he s tamp w ith f our c oncen tr ic c irc les ( F ig .6 , S .6 ) o ccurs a t O ld S lea ford , Ancaster a nd p oss ib ly a tK irm ing ton . 1°9 Wh i le i ti s i mposs ib le t ob e c er ta in , t he i mpress ions f ro m O ld S lea ford a nd Ancaster c ou ld h ave b een made w ith t he s ame t oo l ( F ig . 1 8 , n os 3 & 1 0 ) . T h is s tamp i mpress ion i s e xcept iona l ly f i ne a nd t he r ings a re v ery e ven ly p laced . S tamp n umber s even , ad i mp le w i th in a c irc le , o ccurs o n ly a t Dragonby a nd O ld S lea ford . An i den t ica l t oo l h as b een u sed o n t wo s herds f ro m d i f feren t v esse ls a t D ragonby ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 8 &F ig .1 8 , n o 6 ) , wh i le t h e O ld S lea ford e xa mp le d i f fers s l ight ly ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 0 ) . T h is s tamp i s p laced i n g roups o f t wo , t hree a nd f our . I n s tamp n umber e igh t t he o u ter r ing i s t h ickened a nd t he c en tra l c irc le i s f l a t i nstead o f ar ounded d i mp le s hape . T h is s tamp a ppears o n ly a t D ragonby a nd i s s ha l low ly i mpressed i n ad oub le r ow w ith in ac ordon ( F ig .1 8 , n o 4 ) . 2 ) R oset te S ta mps T hese s tamps a re r are b ut d ist inct ive . O ne i s c o mposed o f e igh t t r ia ngu lar n otches a nd t here a re f our i den t ica l v ers ions o f i tf rom O ld S lea ford , p robab ly f ro m t he s ame v esse l ( F ig .6 , S .9 & F ig . 1 8 , n o 7 ) . T hree s herds f ro m K irm ington h ave a v ery s im i lar s tamp ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 ) . A b ad ly a braded s herd f ro m Ancaster p robab ly h as a s tamp o f t h is t ype . T he s econd r oset te s tamp , i n wh ich t he i nd iv idua l n otches a re s quare r a ther t han t r iang u lar , a ppears o n ly o nce a t D ragonby ( F ig .6 , S .10 & F ig .1 8 , n o 1 4 ) . T he r ese mb lance o f t h is s tamp t o t he r oset t e s tamps f ro m B lewburton i s v ery c lose . 3 ) D i mp le S tamps I ti s p oss ib le t o d etect a s ub-reg iona l emphas is i n t he u se o f t he sma l le st o f t hese s tamps wh ich h as a n e x terna l d iameter o f 5 mms ( F ig .6 , S .11 ). I to ccurs a l most e xc lus ive ly w ith in r ect i l inear p a t terns o n t he O ld S lea ford , Ancaster , S apper ton a nd Ewerby g roup o f f oot r ing j ars a nd b ow ls . I t i s u sed i n t r iangu lar g roups o f t hree a t t he a ng les o f c hevrons a nd i n v er t ica l r ows o f t hree a nd s ix w ith in t he t oo led l i nes o f s im i lar p a t terns ( F ig .1 7 , n os 1 2-17 ) . I ta lso a ppears o n t he sma l l ompha los b ow l f rom I ngo ldme l ls ( F ig .1 7 , n o 4 ) . As l ight ly l arger d i mp le s tamp , 6t o 7 m ms i n e xterna l d iameter ( F ig .6 , S .12 ) , a ppears o n s herd s f rom D ragonby a nd K ir m ing ton a nd i s u sed b oth t o emphas ise t he p a t terns a nd t of i l l i n s paces . O n as herd f ro m D ragonby i th as b een s uper i mposed o n ac ross-ha tched p a t tern o f t oo led l i nes ( F ig .1 8 , n o 9 ) , wh i le o n t he K ir m ing ton s herd i ti s p laced r andom ly b etween r ou let ted l i nes .1 1 ° T he l arges t d imp le s tamp i s u sed o n t wo v esse ls f ro m D ragonby i n c o mb ina t ion w ith a n i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern . I ti sp laced b oth i n g roups o f t hree w ith in t he t r iang les f or med b y t he a rcs , a nd s ing ly a nd i n t wos a t t he p o ints where t he a rcs i n tersect ( F ig . 6 , S .13 & F ig .1 6 , n o 4 ) .

2 8

T he v ery sma l l o va l s tamp i mpress ion ( F ig . 6 , S .14 ) i s u n ique i n t h is r eg ion a nd a ppears o n ly o n o ne s herd f ro m D ragonby ( F ig . 1 8 , n o 5 ) .

I t

s ee ms t o h ave b een made w i th ap lant s ta lk wh ich was h o l low a t o ne e nd . T he d ot t ing t echn ique a nd t he p a t tern a re r em in iscen t o f t he Warham a nd Wand lebury s herds . T he l arger o va l d i mp le s ta mp i s u sed t o a ccen tua te a l ozenge p a t tern o n t he s hou lder o f al arge j ar f ro m D ragonby ( F ig . 6 , S .15 ). 4 ) N on-circu lar S tamps T h is t ype o f s tamp i s f ound w ith in c ordons o n t he s hou lders o f l arge j ars . I n s p ite o f t he ir s ize t hese j ars a re f in ished e i ther b y smooth ing w ith as l ip o r b y b urn ish ing a nd c an b e c lassed a s f ine wares . A t D ragonby t he s imp le t r iangu lar s ta mp ( F ig .6 , S .17 ) i s p laced i n ad oub le o pposed r ow w ith in a f la t t oo led c ordon ( F ig .1 8 , n o 1 7 ), wh i le s tamp n u mber e ighteen c ons ists o f t wo l inked t r iang les s im i lar ly p laced ( F ig . 1 8 , n os 1 8 &2 0 ) . T he t h ickened s em i-circ le a nd r eversed s em i-c irc le s ta mps ( F ig . 6 , S s . 1 9 & 2 0 ) o ccur o n l arge j ars f ro m D ragonby a nd f ro m O ld S lea ford ( F ig . 1 8 , n os 1 6 &1 9 ) . T he ' maggot ' s ta mps ( F ig .6 , S s . 2 1 &2 2 ) b oth c o me f ro m D ragonb y . O ne i s p laced i n ad iagona l r ow b e low t he s hou lder c ordon o f a sma l ler f i ne ware j ar ( F ig . 1 8 , n o 1 3 ) w h i le t he o ther i s a pp l ied i n t wo o pposed d iago na l r ows w ith in t he c ordon o n al arge j ar . S herds f ro m t wo c oarse ware j ars , o ne f ro m S apperton a nd o ne f ro m O ld S lea ford , b ear l arge c rude c ircu lar s ta mps ( F ig .6 , S s . 2 4 &2 5 ).

A s

t h is t ype o f w are i s c o m mon a nd a l most i mposs ib le t o d ate t h is c ou ld r epr esen t ac on t inua t ion o f t he u se o f c ircu lar s ta mps i n to a l a ter p er iod . 5 ) R ou let te T ypes T he r ou let te whee l u sed i s o f t he s quare-toothed v ar iety , u sua l ly w ith a d oub le r ow o f t eeth .

E nstances o ft he u se o f as ing letoothed whee l a re r are .

T he s ize o f t he t oo th most c o mmon ly u sed o n t he r ou let te whee l i s r epres en ted b y s tamp n umber t wen ty-seven ( F ig .6 ) , b ut t here a re v ar ia t ions a s i s i nd icated b y t he o ther t wo t ypes i l lustrated . N u mber t wen ty-n ine i s u sed o n at h ick wa l led j ar . T he d oub le-toothed whee l i s s o met i mes u sed o n i t s o wn w ithout a ny o ther f or m o f d ecora t ion ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 8 ) b ut i to ccurs more c o m mon ly i n c o mb ina t ion w ith a t oo led l i ne . T he r ou let ted l i ne e i ther emphas izes t he t oo led o ne o r i s e nc losed w ith in p ara l le l t oo led l i nes . Where r a ised c ordons o ccur o n av esse l t he r ou let te w hee l i s u sed t o d ecora te t he m w ith c lose ly p acked d iagona l l ines . V ery o ccas iona l ly t he r ou le t t ing t echn ique i s u sedfor f i l l ing s paces , On o ne s herd f rom O ld S leaford a ' l ea f ' p at tern i s t reated i n t h is manner a nd o n aD ragonby e xa mp le p art o f ar ounde l mot if ( F ig . 1 6 , n os 8& 1 6 ). B ) PATTERNS Ag rea ter v ar iety o f p a t terns a re u sed h ere t han i n a ny o ther r eg iona l g roup , a l though t h is must b e q ua l if ied b y t he n umber o f k nown s herds , wh ich i s c ons iderab le . O ther r eg ions h ave , s o f ar , p roduced l ess e v idence .

2 9

T he

l it. .... : :%1•• . .......

F ig . 7 . Pat terns ( P ) o n Decora ted La T ene Pot tery i n t he L inco lns h ire Reg ion I .

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p a t terns a re a l most i nvar iab ly e xecu ted w ith t he r ou let te whee l e i ther a lone o r i n c o mb ina t ion w i th a t oo led l i ne . T he t echn ique o f d ot t ing t o emphas ize a t oo led l ine i s a l most u nknown . Af requent ly u sed d ev ice i s t ha t o f p a t tern b urn ish ing . T he p a t terns f a l l i nto t he t wo b road d iv is ions o f c urv i l inear a nd r ect il i near t ypes . T he c urv i l inear p at terns more f requent ly o ccur o n v esse ls w ith ar ounded p rof i le a lthough t h is i s b y n o means i nvar iab le ; an umber o f s herds w h ich p robab ly c o me f ro m l arge g lobu lar ompha los j ars d o b ear r ect i l inear p at terns . B oth t ypes o f p a t terns a re u sed o n t he f oot r ing j ars a nd b ow ls . Af urther g roup o f p at terns i s l im ited t o c ordons a nd t hese w i l l b e c ons idered s epara te ly .

S o me d ecorated b ases w i l l a lso b e c ons idered .

1 ) I n ter lock ing Arc Amongst t he c urv i l inear p a t terns t he i n ter lock ing a rc i s p reva len t b u t n ot d om inan t a s i n t he T ha mes E stuary g roup . T h is mot if i s p r i mar i ly u sed o n t he l arge g lobu lar ompha los j ars t o wh ich i ti s s o we l l s u ited . A lthough o n ly t wo c omp lete v esse ls w i th t h is t ype o f d ecora t ion h ave b een f ound t here a re many s herds f ro m l arge r ound s hou ldered j ars wh ich must a l most c ert a in ly h ave b e longed t o ompha los b ased p ots . T he most s uccessfu l ly d ecora ted v esse ls h ave o ne l arge d ecorat ive z one o n t he s hou lder . T he a rcs a re s omet i mes , b u t n ot a lways , c omb ined w ith c ircu lar s ta mps i n g roups o f t hree . F ro m D ragonby t here i s o ne c o mp lete j ar where t he t oo led l i nes o f t he a rcs a re emphas ized b y ad oub le r ou let ted l ine ( F ig . 7 , P .1 & F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 ) . A lso f ro m t h is s i te c omes a s herd where t he t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc i s c o mb ined w ith l arge d i mp le s tamps ( F ig . 7 , P .2 & F ig . 1 6 , n o 4 ) . I n b oth t hese e xamp les t he ' l eaves ' a re b urn ished . O ld S lea ford h as t wo e xa mp les o f t h is p at tern where c ircu lar s ta mps , r ou let t ing a nd p at tern b urn ish ing a re u sed ( F ig .? , P .3 & F ig . 1 7 , n os 1 0 &1 3 ) . F ro m D ragonby c o mes a nother s ubt le v ar ia t ion o f t he mot i f o n al arge g lobu lar j ar w ith a r o l led r im . H ere t he p a t tern i s e xecuted w ith p la in t oo led l i nes a nd i ti s t he b ackground r ather t han t he ' l eaves ' wh ich i s b urn ished . One r ounded f oot r ing j ar f ro m O ld S lea ford a lso h as t he i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern b u t h ere i ti s e longa ted s ideways i n o rder t o a dapt t o t he s hape o f t he v esse l , t o wh ich i ti s n ot s u ited . H ere a ga in i ti s t he b ackground a nd n ot t he ' l eaves ' wh ich i s b urni shed ( F ig .1 7 , n o 1 3 ). S o met imes t he i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern o ccurs i n t wo r ows o n t he s hou ld er b u t much o f t he i n tr ins ic b eau ty i s l ost i n t hese i nstances b ecause o f t he n ecessary c ompress ion ( F ig . 7 , P .4 & F ig . 1 6 , n o 2 ) . I n af ur ther e xamp le o n al arge g lobu lar j ar f ro m D ragonby t he i n ter lock ing a rc i s c o mpressed i n to an arrow c ordon . T h is i s a pparen t ly o ne o f s evera l c over ing t he who le b ody o f t he j ar . T hese d ecorated z ones a re s eparated f ro m e ach o ther b y r a ised c ordons . T he o ther r e ma in ing z ones b ear t oo led c hevrons a nd d iagona l l i ne p a t terns . T h is d ecora t ion i s u nusua l i n t ha t t he ' l eaves ' a re f i l led w ith i nc ised l ines r ather t han b e ing b urn ished . 2 ) S tand ing A rc T h is p a t tern o ccurs o n ly o nce i n L inco lnsh ire o n as herd f ro m K irm ing-

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t on , wh ich c o mes f ro m t he s hou lder o f al arge g lobu lar j ar . W ith in t he a rc s tands a c hevron i n wh ich a re p laced t hree t r ip le c oncentr ic c ircu lar s ta mps . T he s pace b etween a rc a nd c hevron i s b urn ished w h i le t he t oo led p a t tern i s emphas ized b y as ing le l i ne o f r ou let t ing ( F ig . 7 , P .5 8 /F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 4 ) . 3 ) P endan t A rc A l most e qua l ly r are i s t he p endant a rc p at tern wh ich o ccurs o n o n ly t wo v esse ls , b oth f ro m D ragonby . O n a sma l l Sp rof i le b ow l t he p a t tern i s e xecuted s o le ly w ith t he d oub le r ou le t te ( F ig .P . p .7 & F ig . 1 7 , n o 6 ) , w h i le o n al arger j ar t he a rc i s p endan t f ro m a s ta mped r oset te v ery much i n t he manner o f t he e ar ly B lewburton p a t terns ( F ig . 7 , P . 6 &F ig . 1 6 , n o 6 ) . T here may b e s econd z one o f d ecora t ion o n t h is p ot , b ut t he s herd i s t oo sma l l f or c erta in ty . 4 ) Wavy L ine T here a re t hree e xa mp les o f what c ou ld b e c a l led a f ree h and o r w avy l i ne p a t tern where t he r ou let te whee lh as b een a l lowed t o r un f ree ly o ver t he v esse l i n o rder t o p roduce a c urs ive a rc d es ign . Two o f t hese p at terns a re o n sma l l Sp rof i le b ow ls f ro m D ragonby . O n o ne p er fect ly s haped a nd h igh ly b urn ished b ow lt he c urs ive r ou let ted l ine i s t he s o le d ecora t ion ; t he e f fect i s v ery c haste ( F ig . 7 , P .9 & F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 8 ).

I n t he s econd e xamp le t he c ur-

s ive l i ne e nc loses a g roup o f p robab ly s evera l c ircu lar s tamps r a ther t han t he n orma l , more s ty l ised g roup o f t hree ( F ig . 7 , P .8 & F ig .1 7 , n o 5 ) .

T he

t h ird i nstance o f t h is f ree h and s ty le i s h igh o n t he s hou lder o f al arge g lobu lar j ar . Aga in t he r ou let te i s t he s o le t oo l u sed b ut t here a re s igns o f c are less , a l most r eck less a pp l icat ion ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 5 ) . Ap oss ib le c o mb inat i on o f t h is wavy l ine p a t tern w ith t he ' l ea f '

mot if i s s uggested i n p a t tern

n umber e leven . T h is i s ac on jectura l r econstruct ion b ased o n s evera l s herds f ro m t he s a me p ot . A pparen t ly a l ternat e a rcs o n ly were f i l led i n w i th t he ' l ea f ' mot i f , d u ly a ccen tuated w ith c ircu lar s ta mps ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 3 ) . 5 ) R ounde l T here i s o ne i nstance o n ly o f av ery i n terest ing r ounde l p a t tern . O ccuri ng o n t he s hou lder o f al arge g lobu lar j ar i ti s r em in iscen t o f t he s uggested r econstruct ion o f ap a t tern f ro m C anvey I s land a nd f ro m Meare ( see a bove p . 2 3 ) . J ust e nough o f t he p a t tern i s e x tan t t o s uggest t ha t t he r ounde l was n ot e nc losed i n as cro l l b u t w ith in a n a rc o r c hevron mot if ( F ig . 7 , P .10 & F ig . 1 6 , n o 8 ) . T he p at tern i s c rude ly c arr ied o ut . Another s herd f rom D ragonby h as t races o f what c ou ld b e t he b ase o f ar ounde l p at tern ( F ig .1 6 , n o 1 5 ) . 6 ) C o mp lex S tand ing Arc T h is p a t tern i s r are a nd o ccurs o n ly o n s tra igh t s ided j ars f ro m O ld S lea ford a nd Ancaster w ith a p oss ib le f ur ther e xa mp le f ro m D ragonby .

O n

t he O ld S lea ford s herd i ta ppears more a s ap endan t , o r c ompressed , ' l ea f '

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mo t i f ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 0 ) b u t a t Ancaster a t r ip le s tand ing a rc i s p endan t f ro m ag roup o f t hree d i mp les ( F ig . 7 , P .12 & F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 ) . 7 ) R ect i l inear Pat terns T he r ect i l inear p a t terns a re b as ica l ly a n a rrange men t o f c hevrons a nd v er t ica l l i nes , s o met i mes c o mb ined w ith d i f ferent ia l b urn ish ing . s tamps u sed w ith t h is t ype o f p a t tern a re sma l l d i mp les .

T he

I n o ne i nstance

o n ly a re c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamps c o mb ined w ith wha t c ou ld b e e i ther a c hevron o r al ozenge mot if ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 7 ) . F ive e xamp les o f r ect i linear p a t tern o ccur o n t he u pper p art o f l arge g lobu lar j ars i n o ne z one o f d ecora t ion ( F ig . 8 , P s . 1 3-17 ). B u t t he r ec t i li near p at terns a re e xc lus ive t o t he g roup o f f oot r ing j ars f ro m Ancaster a nd Ewerby w here t hey a re we l l a dapted t o t he n arrow s pace a va i lab le f or d ecorat ion . T he d oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing o n t h is g roup i s a lways b etween p ara l le l f lat t oo led l i nes ( F ig . 8 , P .18 & F ig . 1 7 , n os 1 2 &1 4-17 ). T h is g roup o f p ots e xh ib its a h igh d egree o f c o mpetence b oth i n t he ir o vera l l s hape a nd i n t he a pp l ica t ion o f t he d ecorat ion . One o f t he m i s p robab ly whee l made . A t t he o ppos ite e x tre me i st he c hevron d ecora t ion o n asma l lr ounded b ow l f rom O ld S lea ford wh ich i s e x treme ly c are less ly c arr ied o u t ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 3 ) . S evera l s herds f ro m D ragonby a re d ecorated w i th t he r ou let te i n wha t s eems t o b e ah err ing b one p a t tern . T h is c ou ld b e al og ica l d eve lop men t f rom t he a l ternate ly a rranged d iagona l l i nes wh ich a ppear o n d ecora ted c ordons ( compare F ig . 8 , P .22 ) , b u t n one o f t he s herds a re l arge e nough t o p erm it o f c er ta inty o n t h is p o in t . One o f t he f inest e xa mp les o f r ect i l inear d ecorat ion i n t h is r eg ion i s o n t he sma l l ompha los b ow l w ith af l ar ing r im f ro m I ngo ldme l ls . H ere a d e l ic a te ly i nc ised c hevron i s p unctua ted w ith sma l l d i mp le s ta mps om it ted i n t he o r ig ina l d rawing . B e low t h is i s az one o f v ert ica l h a tch ing ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 4 ) . T here i s n o p rec ise p ara l le l i n t he r eg ion f or t h is b ow l a l though wha t s ee ms t o b e a n ompha los b ow l f ro m A ncaster h as a r ou let ted c hevron o n t he s hou ld er ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 7 ) . B oth i n s hape a nd i n c onst itu t ion a nd t h ickness o f f abr ic t he I ngo ldme l ls b ow l i s s im i lar t o t he e ar ly b ow ls f ro m B lewburton i n t he U pper T hames

r eg ion .

8 ) C ordon D ecorat ion T he d ecorat ion w ith in c ordons i s d ist inct ive a nd r equ ires s epara te c ons iderat ion . T hese c ordons s o met i mes a ppear s ing ly o n t he s hou lder , s o met imes i n r ows o f t wo o r t hree , a nd s o met i mes t hey c o mp lete ly c over t he v esse l . T hose o ccur ing s ing ly o n t he s hou lders o f l arge f i ne ware j ars a nd e nc los ing r ows o f s tamps h ave b een d iscussed ( see p .29 a bove . F ig . 8 ,P .19 ). F ro m D ragonby t here a re c ons iderab le n u mbers o f s herds f ro m v esse ls w h ich c ou ld h ave b een e i ther c ordoned p edesta l u rns o r c ondoned f oot r ing j ars . Un for tuna te ly e v idence f or t he t ype o f b ase a nd n umber o f c ordons i s l ack ing a s y et ( F ig . 1 7 , n os 8 & 9 ) . T hese v esse ls h ave t wo o r more n arrow c ordons o n t he s hou lder a nd g ir th wh ich a re f i l led w i th d oub le r ou let ted

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F ig . 8 . Pa t terns ( P ) o n D ecora ted La ' e e r ie Pot tery i n t he L inco lns h ire Reg ion I .

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l i nes p laced d iagona l ly . S o met imes t he r ou let ted l i nes h ave i nc ised o nes b e tween t he m b ut t hey most c om mon ly s tand a lone ( F ig . 8 , P .20 ). The most s pectacu lar o f t hese c ordon d ecorated v esse ls f ro m D ragonby i s a sma l l o pen mou thed u rn ( F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 8 ) . C ordons c over t he e n t ire s urf ace e xcep t f or a sma l l a rea n ear t he b ase a nd f our d if feren t p a t terns a re u sed o n f i ve c ordons ( F ig . 8 , P s . 2 1-24 ) .

B etween t he d ecorated c ordons

t he v esse l i s b urn ished t o ar ich s h in ing b rown .1 11

T here i s o ne f ur ther

o pen mouthed u rn o f t h is t ype f ro m D ragonby b u t t he c ordons h ave t he u sua l s i mp le d iagona l r ou let t ing . 9 ) B ases These n or ma l ly b ear a s imp le t oo led o r b urn ished c ross d ecorat ion b u t o ne e xa mp le f ro m D ragonby h as t h is c ross d ecorat ion i n d oub le-rowed r ou let t ing . A sma l l d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp i s p laced c en tra l ly ( F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 1 ) . A nother s herd f ro m a n O ld S lea ford b ase h as a p oss ib le r oul e t ted c ross wh i le f ro m D ragonby t here a re f rag men ts o f al arge b ase where t he r ou let t ing i s r ep laced b y ad ot ted d ecora t ion c o mb ined w ith a t oo led l i ne . C ) CHARACTER IST IC DECORAT IVE STYLES AND VESSEL S HAPES The d ist inct ive d ecora t ive f ea ture i s t he u se o f t he s quare-toothed d oub le-rowed r ou let te whee l .

I ti s u sed i n n ear ly a l l t he p a t terns , a nd d ec-

o ra t ion w ith t he t oo led l ine a lone i s c o mparat ive ly r are . A s econd r eg iona l t echn ique i s t he w idespread u se o f p at tern b urn ish ing i n a reas , b ands o r l ines e i ther t o f or m t he ma in e le men ts o f t he d ecorat ion , o r i n c o mb ina t ion w i th o ther d ecorat ive t echn iques , t o emphas ize p ar ts o f t he p a t tern . T he b urn ish ing c an b e e ither w ith in t he ' l eaves ' o f t he p a t tern o r , l ess c o mmon ly , o n t he b ackground . D if feren t ia l b urn ish ing i s u sed i n t he r ect i linear p at terns a nd o ften t h is b urn ish ing i s i n v ert ica l s tr ips b etween t he g irth a nd t he f oot . T he i ns ide o f t he n eck i s c o m mon ly b urn ished t o a d ep th o f 2 cms b e low t he r im . There i s aw ide v ar iety o f s ta mp t ypes , b oth c ircu lar a nd n on-c ircu lar . T he c ircu lar s ta mps a re sma l ler t han i n t he T ha mes E stuary g roup b u t t hey a re u sed b o th f or emphas is a nd s pace f i l l ing . T he n on-c ircu lar s ta mps a re a lways w ith in z ones d ef ined b y c ordons . T he v ar ie ty o f p a t terns i s g rea ter t han i n a ny o ther r eg ion i n e astern E ng land a nd n o s ing le d ist inc t ive r eg iona l t ype c an b e i so la ted . T he c urv i li near p a t terns a re a l most e xc lus ive t o t he l arge g lobu lar j ars a nd t o t he sma l ler r ounded b ow ls . T he s ize o f t he l arge g lobu lar j ars g ives s cope f or e xper i men ta t ion w ith t he c urv i l inear p a t terns . T he wavy l i ne p a t terns wou ld s ee m t o b e an a tura l d eve lop ment wh ich o ccurred where t he r ou let te whee l w as a l lowed t o r un f ree ly . Wh i le t he r ect i l inear p a t terns d o a ppear o n t he l arge g lobu lar p ots t hey a re n ot c o m mon o n t he m b ut a c o mpressed v ers ion o f t h is t ype o f p at tern i s e xc lus ive t o t he g roup o f f oot r ing j ars f ro m Ancast er a nd Ewerby . S evera l d i f feren t p ot f orms b ear s tamped a nd r ou let ted d ecorat ion . T he l arge g lobu lar ompha los j ar h as a lready b een men t ioned , a nd a l though o n ly

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t wo c o mp lete e xa mp les e x ist t here a re many d ecorated s hou lder s herds f ro m p ots a l most c erta in ly o f t h is t ype . T here a re sma l l Sp rof i le b ow ls a nd f oot r ing j ars w ith a n arrow d ecora ted z one o n t he s hou lder . Examp les o f wha t c ou ld b e c ordoned p edesta l u rns o f Ay lesford-Swar l ing t ype h ave r ou let te d ecora ted c ordons . One c erta in a nd t wo p robab le e xa mp les o f a s tra igh t-s ided j ar o f s aucepan t ype a lso h ave r ou let te d ecora t ion . Two o pen mou thed u rns h ave r ou let te d ecorated c ordons c over ing t he e nt ire s ur face . D ) GENERAL CONCLUS IONS AND CHRONOLOG ICAL CONS IDERAT IONS T he ma in i mpress ion g iven b y ac lose s tudy o f t h is L inco lnsh ire d eco ra ted p o t tery i s o ne o f r ich s ty l ist ic v ar iety .

T here a re p oss ib le c onnec-

t i ons w ith t he B lewburton , C h innor a nd Wand lebury s ty les v ia t he J urass ic Way a nd w ith t he T ha mes E stuary b y ac oasta l r oute . Bu t f or t he n onc ircu lar s ta mped wares t he c losest p ara l le ls a re i n t he We lsh B order h i l l f orts . Most o f t he s tamp a nd r ou let te d ecora ted p ot tery c o mes f ro m r ecen t e x tens ive e xcava t ions a t D ragonby

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a nd f ro m r escue e xcava t ions a t O ld

S lea ford , a nd q uest ions o f c hrono logy mus t a wa it more d e ta i led s tudy o f t he mass o f ma ter ia l f ro m b oth t hese s i tes . A t D ragonby t here s ee m t o b e t hree ma jor p re-conquest p hases . P hase Ip ot tery i s h and made a nd e ar l ier t han D r . A . B ircha l l 's ' Ay lesford-Swar ling ' L a T ene I I t ypes .1 13

Much o f t he s tamp a nd r ou let te d ecorated p o t tery

b e longs t o t h is p hase .

P hase I i s o f ten whee l made a nd i nc ludes p edesta l

u rns a nd b ow ls wh ich r ese mb le , s o met imes c lose ly , t he E ar ly a nd M idd le ' Ay lesford-Swar l ing ' p hases . S o me o f t hese v esse ls h ave r ou letted d ecora t ion o n r a ised c ordons . P hase I I i s h ard , f ine , g enera l ly w hee l made ware a nd i nc ludes sma l l q uan t it ies o f Ga l lo-Be lg ic i mports . V ery l i t t le r ou let te d ecora t ion i s f ound i n t h is p hase . T he a l l o ver c ordon d ecora t ion i s n ot a n i nd icat ion o f al ate La T ene d a te a t D ragonby , a s i t o ccurs o n b oth t he e ar ly o pen mou thed u rn a nd o n s o me f oot r ing j ars wh ich a re c erta in ly l a te I ron Age . Amongst t he c ircu lar s ta mps t he t wo r oset te o nes d o s tand o u t a s h av ing c lose p ara l le ls i n t he e ar ly s tamps o f t he U pper T hames r eg ion , b u t t hese l inks s ee m a l i t t le t enuous . Ap re l im inary a na lys is o f t he D ragonby c ircu lar s ta mps h as r evea le d t hat t hey f igure most f requent ly o n aware wh ich o ccurs t owards t he e nd o f P hase Ia nd a t t he b eg inn ing o f P hase I . H owever , c erta in p a tterns a re e xc lus ive t o P hase Ip o ts a t Dragonby i n ac lassi f ica t ion b ased b o th o n s trat igraph ica l a nd p re li m inary f abr ic a na lys es . T hese a re t he r ounde l p a t tern a nd t he a l l o ver c ordon d ecorat ion o n t he w ide mou thed u rn . O thers o ccurr ing o n P hase Ip ot tery a re t he i n ter lock ing a nd p endant a rc a nd t he c urs ive wavy l i ne p at terns . A l l t he s ta mp a nd r ou le t te d ecorat ed p ots f ro m Dragonby wh ich h ave b een d escr ibed b e long t o P hases I& I a t t h is s i te a nd a d a te o f t he m idd le a nd l a ter h a lf o f t he f irst c en tury B . C . w ith a p oss ib le c on t inuat ion i n to t he e ar ly y ears o f t he f i rst c entury A . D . i s s uggested f or P hase 1 .1 14

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Phase Ii s d e monstrab ly e ar lier a nd i nc ludes b oth ompha los j ars a nd t he o pen mou thed u rn . T he ompha los j ars h ave u ndoubted c onnect ions w ith t hose o f t he T ha mes E stuary a nd t he D ragonby c hrono logy may u lt i mate ly b e s een t o h ave s o me b ear ing o n t he p rob le m o f ' south e astern B ' .

T he

d a te o f t he e ar l iest D ragonby p o t tery i s s t i l l i n d oub t . S o me r ese mb lances m ight b e s een w ith s o me Gau l ish La T ene I p ot tery ,1 15

a l though t he La

T ene I a b rooch r ecovered f rom D ragonby i n 1 973 s ee ms t oo e ar ly t o b e a ssoc iated w ith t he P hase Ip o ttery , f or wh ich a d ate a round o r b efore 1 00 B . C . a ppears more a ppropr ia te a t p resen t .

D ISCUSS ION A ) CO M MON FACTORS Th is s urvey h as d e monstra ted t ha t t here i s v ar iety i n s tamp t ypes , t echn iques a nd p at terns t o b e f ound i n t he s ta mp a nd r ou let te d ecora ted p ot tery f rom e astern E ng land . N everthe less t h is who le g roup d oes s hare c erta in c ommon c haracter ist ics a lthough t hese a re n ot e qua l ly d istr ibu ted t hroughou t t h e a rea . T here a re f our ma in e le ments s hared b y a l l t he r eg ions : c ircu lar s tamps , t he r ou let t ing t echn ique , b as ic u n ity o f p a t terns ,

a nd t he

a pp l icat ion o f t hese p at terns t o al im ited r ange o f p ot s hapes , a l though t h is l ast e le men t d oes n ot a pp ly i n t h e U pper T hames a nd E ast Ang l ian r eg ions , w h ich h ave o ther v esse l f or ms . 1 ) C ircu lar S ta mps S ta mps o f t h is t ype o ccur i n a l l r eg ions a nd r ange f ro m s imp le c irc les t o f our c oncen tr ic r ings , t he s imp ler o nes b e ing c oncen trated i n t he U pper T hames a nd S ussex r eg ions w h i le t he more e laborate h ave a n e ast c oast a nd L inco lnsh ire d istr ibu t ion . R oset te s ta mps h ave b een f ound s o f ar o n ly i n t he U pper Thames a nd L inco lnsh ire , wh i le t hose r oset tes c o mposed o f sma l l t r iangu lar n o tches a re l im ited t o L inco lnsh ire . D imp le s tamps a re w ide ly u sed b oth i ne astern E ng land a nd o n B r it ish L a T ene d ecorated p ot tery g ene ra l ly . S o i s t he r ange o f n on-c ircu lar s ta mps , w hose u se i s a pparent ly g overned more b y t he s hape o f t he l arge j ars t hus d ecorated , a nd t he c onf ini ng n ature o f t he f lat c ordons w i th in wh ich t hey a re p laced , t han b y a ny r eg iona l c ons idera t ions . 2 ) R ou lett ing Wh i le t h e ma in c oncen tra t ion o f s quare-toothed r ou let ted d ecora t ion i s i n L inco lnsh ire i td oes o ccur i n s ign if icant q uan t it ies a t f our o ther w ide ly s eparated s i tes ; Horsted Keynes i n S ussex , A b ing ton P igot ts i n C ambr idges h ire , Wick ford i n E ssex a nd a t H er ig isbury H ead i n H ampsh ire . Zr ou le t t ing i s l im ited t o t he T hames E stuary . Wh i le H eng istbury H ead c annot b e i nc luded u nder t he e astern E ng l ish h ead ing i th as p roduced a v ery l arge n umber o f s herds d ecora ted w ith t he r ou let te whee l i n a manner wh ich i s i n a ccord n e ither w ith t he e astern n or

7

w ith t he s outh western t rad it ion .1 16 T he r ou let te most c ommon ly u sed i s o f t he d oub le s quare-toothed v ar iety f am i l iar i n L inco lsh ire , b ut a t r ip le o ne i s a lso u sed . B oth a d iagona l a nd a t r iangu lar r ou let te i mpress ion a lso a ppear o ccas iona l ly . T he p a t terns a re most ly r ect i l inear : c hevron , l ozenge a nd f ret . S tand ing a rcs , f am i l iar f ro m t he p ub l ished r epor t , r epresen t o n ly a sma l l n u mber o f s herds .1 17 T he p ot s d ecorated i n t h is w ay a re l arge g lobu lar j ars c o mparab le i n s hape t o t h ose o f S ussex . C lear ly r e la ted t o t he r ou let t ing t e chn ique i s t ha t o f d oub le o r s ing le d ot ted l i nes u sed b oth a lone a nd i n c o mb ina t ion w ith t oo led l i nes . A tC anvey , Wick ford a nd Muck ing i n E ssex t he t echn ique i s v ery c lose t o t he L inco lns h ire r ou let t ing wh i le i ti sl ess s o i n S ussex a nd i n t he U pper Tha mes .

I n

i nsp ira t ion t h is t ype o f d ecora t ion i s a lmost i den t ica l t o r ou let t ing a nd i t wou ld s ee m t ha t o ne g roup o f p ot ters p ossessed t he s k i l l t ou se ' mechan ica l d ot t ing ' wh i le o thers d id n ot . 3 ) P a t tern T ypes P a t terns t hroughou t t he a rea a re b ased o n t he a rc mo t i f , s tand ing , i nterl ock ing a nd p endan t . T he a rcs a re u sua lly l a id o ut i n r ows a nd a re n o t much e labora ted . T he s cro l l , t r iquetra a nd r eversed s cro l l mot i fs a re u nknown e xcept f or o ne s cro l l a t T he C aburn i n S ussex a nd o ne t r ique tra a t Y arn ton i n Ox fordsh ire . R ect i l inear p a t terns a re a s ubs id iary t ype a nd t hese a re b ased o n c hevr on a nd l ozenge mot i fs . B u t t he emphas is t hroughout i s o n t h e g eo me tr ica l n ature o f t he c ompos it ions a nd t he i n terest i s i n t he l ines o f t he p a t terns r ather t han i n t he s hapes f or med b y t he i n ter lock ing o f t he a rcs o r b y t he r earrange ment a nd j ux tapos it ion o f t he v ar ious mot ifs . Whereas i n t h e s ou th w estern t rad it ion t he ' l ea f ' a nd o ther b ackground s hapes a re h a tched , i n L inco lnsh ire t hey a re b urn ished i n s uch a way a s t o emphas ize t he l i neari t y o f t he p a t tern wh ich i s t he f ocus o f t he d ecora t ion . I n a ccordance w ith t h is p r inc ip le t he c ircu lar s ta mps a re most c om monl y u sed t o a ccen tua te t he g eo metr ica l p at terns r a ther t han a s s pace f i l l ing d ev ices . T hey a re p laced a t t he i n tersect ions , a p ices o r s pr ings o f t he a rcs o r i n t he a ng les o f t he r ect i l inear p at terns . T he e xcept ion t ot h is i s i n t he T hames E stuary g roup where t he l arger s tamps a re u sed n o t w ith in t h e ' l eaves ' b u t f i l l t he v acan t t r iangu lar s paces , u sua l ly i n g roups o f t hree . T hroughou t e astern E ng land t he emphas is i s o n as ing le z one o f d ecora t ion o n t he s hou lder o f t he p ot . 4 ) V esse ls

F orms

A lthough s tamped a nd r ou let ted a rc p a t terns o ccur o n av ar iety o f d i f fe rent ly s haped v esse ls , t wo t ypes a re p art icu lar ly d om inan t . T he f i rst i st he g lobu lar ompha los j ar a nd t he s econd t h e f oot r ing j ar . T he ompha los j ar c an h ave a r o l led r im o r a n u pr ight n eck w ith as l ight ly e verted r im . T he g irth s ize v ar ies f rom a bou t 3 0 cms a t H orsted K eynes a nd C anewdon t o 2 2 cms a t L angenhoe .

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N ine o f t hese l arge g lobu lar ompha los j ars i n t hree r eg ions o f e astern E ng land b ear e ither s ta mped a nd r ou let ted d ecora t ion o r s tamped d ecora t ion i n c omb inat ion w ith a t oo led a rc p a t tern ( F ig . 2 ) . N ine f ur ther s i tes h ave s herds , s o me t i mes n umerous , wh ich s eem a l most c erta in ly t o h ave b een f rom j ars o f t h is t ype a nd wh ich b ear t he s ame k ind o f d ecora t ion . F our f ur ther s ites h ave ompha los j ars w ith p la in t oo led a rcs a nd T he C aburn h as b oth a n ompha los b ase a nd s tamp d ecorated s herds b u t n oa ctua l j o ins ( Append ix I ).

N ew e xamp les e xtend t he d istr ibu t ions o f Ward-

P erk ins i n 1 938 1 18 a nd o f P ro fessor F rere i n 1 944 ,1 19 b u t t he c oasta l a nd r iver ine d is tr ibut ion o f t hese j ars i sv ery marked , a nd t he s im i lar it ies w ith t he Heng istbury Head r ou let ted j ars c ou ld b e n oted i n t h is c onnect ion . Wh i le t hese ompha los j ars d o a ppear t hroughou t t he r eg ion , t he T hames E stuary g roup s tands o u t a s a sma l l d iscrete o ne . A l l a re marked ly s im i lar b oth i n s ize a nd i n t he c o mp lex ity o f i n ter lock ing a rc a nd c irc let d ecorat ion . T hey a re , w i thou t e xcept ion , h and made . T h is g roup wou ld s ee m t o c onst itu te a c lear e xamp le o f t he l oca l d eve lopmen t o f as ty le a s t hey a re , L angenhoe e xcepted , v ery c lose ly g rouped g eograph ica l ly . T he L inco lnsh ire j ars a re s im i lar i n s hape b ut n o t i n d ecora t ion wh ich i s more d iverse , w h i le t he S ussex j ars a re b o th l arger t han t he o thers a nd b ear t he s tand ing a rc p at tern o n ly . T he s econd t ype o f v esse l , f a ir ly w idespread t hroughou t t he s ame t hree a reas o f e astern E ng land , i s t h e f oot r ing b ow l o r j ar w ith r ounded o r a ngul ar s hou lders . However , ad istr ibu t ion map b ased o n p resen t e v idence wou ld s uggest a n u ndue p reponderance o f t h is t ype o f j ar i n L inco lnsh ire w i th a f ew e xa mp les i n S ussex a nd i n t he T hames E stuary . S uch a map wou ld g ive af a lse impress ion a s i t wou ld n ot a l low f or n ew ma ter ia l c urren t ly a ppeari ng i n E ssex a nd S u f fo lk . N ever the less t he p resen t p os it ion d oes s uggest t ha t t hese f oot r ing j ars a re awe l l d eve loped r eg iona l t ype i n L inco lnsh ire , h av ing p oss ib le c onnect ions w ith t he more r ounded t ypes f ro m S ussex a nd f rom Cray ford i n Ken t .1 20 T hree o ther f orms f requen t ly o ccur a l though n one i s e xc lus ive t o e aste rn E ng land . F irst , t he ' s torage ' j ars w ith f l a t c ordons o n t he g irth o r j ust b e low t he n eck b ear ing a v ar iety o f n on-c ircu lar s tamps , a s a t D ragonby a nd O ld S lea ford i n L inco lnsh ire a nd a t Muck ing i n E ssex . S econd , t he r ounded b ow ls o f H ard ing 's m idd le p er iod i n t he U pper T hames r eg ion , a nd f i na l ly , t he v esse ls f ro m D ragonby w ith t wo o r more s hou lder c ordons d iagona l ly r ou let ted . T hese l a t ter v esse ls may b e r e la ted t o t he u ndecora ted Ay lesfordS war l ing p edesta l u rns .1 21 T he f unc t ions o f t hese p ots , were t hey k nown , m ight r evea l f urther c ommon f actors amongst t hem . S o me ompha los j ars h ad a t l east s econdary u se a s c rema t ion u rns , a t Muck ing a nd C anewdon f or e xamp le , b u t many more o f t hem f ro m s e t t le men t s i tes w ere a pparen t ly n ot s o u sed . T he j ar f rom K ings ton Buc i h as h o les f or s uspens ion ; t he o ne f rom Langenhoe c ame f rom a h o l low b enea th a s a ltern s i te b u t c annot w ith a ny c erta in ty b e r e la ted t o t he s a lt i ndustry .1 22

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B ) TECHN IQUES AND TOOLS T he t oo ls wh ich p roduced t he s tamp i mpress ions h ave y e t t o b e i den t if i ed i n e astern E ng land . C u t r eeds may h ave s erved t o p roduce t he s imp le c irc lets f or t he sma l lest s tamps , o f wh ich t he sma l l o va l o ne f ro m D ragonb y i s ag ood e xamp le ( F ig . 6 , S .14 ) . H ere t he r eed may h ave b een h o l low a t o ne e nd a nd s o l id a t t he o ther a s ar esu l t o f c u t t ing a cross t h e j o int . A t C h innor were f ound e leven p ig 's i nc isors worked t o f i ne p o in ts wh ich t he e xcava tor c ons idered t oo sma l l f or a w ls a nd w ere p oss ib ly t o o ls f or p rod uc ing d ot ted d ecora t ion o n f i ne p o t tery .1 23

I n c on trast a tG lastonbury

s evera l a nt ler o b jects were f ound c arved w i th sma l l c up s haped d epress ions o f d i f ferent d iameters b ounded b y t h in s harp e dges ,1 24

wh i le a t Meare e igh t

worked b ones a nd s ix worked a n t ler t i nes h ave b een c lass if ied a s p ot ters ' t oo ls . O ne o f t he a nt ler t oo ls h as a c ross s tamp c arved i n to i t .1 25 W i th t hese a na log ies i tw ou ld s ee m l og ica l t o c onc lude t ha t s o me o f t he t oo ls w ere made f ro m a n t ler t i nes . O thers were p robab ly made f rom h ard , f i ne g ra ined w ood wh ich w ou ld a ccoun t f or t he ir r ar ity . T he i mpress ions s how t ha t t he q ua l i ty o f t he t oo ls p roduc ing t he c oncentr ic c ircu lar s tamps must h ave v ar ied e normous ly , b u t t he b es t a re e x tre me ly p rec ise a nd must h ave b een made w ith a c o mpass . C ompass d rawn c irc les a re f requen t ly f ound o n b one w eav ing c ombs o f t he p er iod a nd t he c o mpass w as u sed i n t he d ecora t ion o f meta lwork . T he r ou let te whee l must h ave b een made e i ther f ro m b one o r f rom a v ery f i ne g ra ined wood .1 26 S o me s ort o f ah and le must h ave b een a t tached t o ac en tra l h o le . N o whee ls h ave b een f ound b u t i th as b een p oss ib le , w ith t he a id o f magn if ica t ion , t o s ee c haracter ist ics i n t he r ou le t t ing o f d ist inct i ve i nd iv idua l t oo ls , a nd t o e st i ma te t he w hee l d iameter w h ich was a bou t t hree c en t i metres i n o ne c ase ( Append ix I I ). O ne p oss ib le p ot ter 's t oo l , h owever , f ro m D ragonby , i s ap iece o fb one a bou t 1 1 c en t i metres l ong a nd f l a t tened a t o ne e nd where i ti s 7 mi l l imetres w ide . T h is was p robab ly u sed i nb urn ish ing g reen h ard p o ts , a nd t he marks wh ich c an b e made w ith i tr ese mb le t he t oo l ing o n s urv iv ing s herds f rom t he s i te . W ith f ew e xcept ions t hese d ecora ted v esse ls were h and made a nd o f ten v ery s k i lfu l ly s o . B u t t he a rc p a t terns a re o f ten n ot v ery c arefu l ly a pp l ied , n or w ere t hey a pparent ly marked o u t b e forehand . O n t hree w e l l k nown p ots f ro m S a ltdean , H orsted K eynes a nd C anewdon t he p ot ter h as e xper ienced d i f f icu lt ies when r eturn ing t o h is s tart ing p o in t a nd was f orced t o a dapt t he a rcs t o f i t t he r e ma in ing s pace . T h is f act i s o f ten masked b y r educed d rawi ngs where t he d ecora t ion a ppears more p er fect t han i ti s i n r ea l ity . I ti s p oss ib le t ha t s ome k ind o f as low w hee l o r t ournet te was u sed t o h e lp w ith t he a pp l ica t ion o f t he d ecora t ion . Two b locks o f b urn t c lay r esemb l ing s ha l low r ee ls , a bou t 1 3c ms h igh a nd 1 1 cms w ide , d iscovered w i th t he I ron A ge p ott ery a t B orden i n K en t , may h ave b een p arts o f as low whee l o f t h is t y pe .1 27

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C ) DECORAT IVE STYLES AND RELAT IVE CHRONOLOGY Any r e la t ive c hrono logy t hat c an b e d educed f ro m t he v ar ious s ty les a nd s ta mps must b e c on jectura l a t t he mo ment ; n ever the less c erta in p o in ts a re worthy o f c ons idera t ion . T he o n ly r ea l e v idence f or t he e ar ly u se o f s tamps c o mes f ro m t he B lewburton a nd C h innor r oset t es where s tamped s herds a re c on f ined t o t he u pper l ayers o f t he s i tes .1 28

V ery s im i lar s ta mps o ccur a t K ir m ing ton ,

Ancaster , O ld S lea ford a nd D ragonby b u t o vera l l p a t terns d i f fer i n t he t wo r eg ions ; o ne s herd a t D ragonby , h owever , h as a n a rc p endan t f ro m a r ose tte i n t he manner o f B lewbur ton . I n t he U pper T hames r eg ion t here s ee ms t o b e ac hrono log ica l d eve lo p men t f rom t he e ar ly p endant a rc p a t terns t o t he more c o mp lex i nter locki ng a rcs f i l led w ith l i near d o ts a nd ' quas i-rou let t ing ' o f t he m idd le p er iod . H ard ing p ostu la tes a g ap b etween t hese t wo p er iods o f d ecora ted p ot tery wh ich i s f i l led b y a smooth , d ark , u ndecora ted ware . T he s ame a pparen t d eve lop men t c ou ld p erhaps b e s een f ro m t he s i mp le s tand ing a rcs o f t he S ussex r eg ion t o t he c o mp lex i n ter lock ing a rcs a nd e labora te c oncen tr ic c ircu lar s tamps o f t he T hames E stuary . B u t t hese c onnect ions c annot v a l id ly b e made f ro m o ne r eg ion t o a no ther a nd i ts ee ms more l ike ly t ha t e ach r eg iona l s ty le d eve loped i n i t s o wn way w ith in i t s o wn c hrono log ica l f ra mework . T he l arge g lobu lar ompha los j ars o f S ussex , t he T hames E s tuary a nd L inco lnsh ire c an c lear ly b e s een a s ag roup . A l l a re h and made a nd a re i n i nsp ira t ion a nd g enera l s ty le f ar r emoved f ro m t he smooth u ndecora ted whee l made p ot tery o f Ay les ford-Swar l ing t ype . Ad i f ference i n d a t ing b etween t hese t wo g roups wou ld s ee m v ery l ike ly . I n L inco lnsh ire t wo g roups wh ich a re b oth s ty l ist ica l ly a nd g eograph ica l ly d ist inct c an b e r ecogn ised ; an orthern o ne c en tered o n D ragonby a nd K irk ing ton a nd a s econd s ou thern o ne c entered o n t he O ld S lea ford g roup o f s i tes . T he d i f ferences i n v esse l s hapes a nd d ecora t ive t echn iques c ou ld mere ly emphas ize t he g eograph ica l s epara t ion o f t he t wo g roups o r t hey c ou ld i nd ica te a c hrono log ica l d i f ference . T he Ancaster g roup o f f oot r ing b ow ls a re a ngu lar i n p ro f i le a nd b ear more s tereotyped r ect i l inear p a t terns t han a ppear o n t he n or thern p o t tery g roup . B u t t hese Ancaster j ars e xh ib it ah igh s tandard o f c ra f ts mansh ip wh ich c ou ld we l l b e a n i nd ica t ion o f al a ter d ate . A lterna t ive ly t he c hange i n t he s ty le o f d ecora t ion c ou ld s i mp ly b e d ue t o t he d icta tes o f ad i f feren t p o t s hape . O ld S lea ford was c erta in ly a c ons ide rab le s e t t le men t i n t he I ron A ge a nd a l mos t c er ta in ly a m in t s i te , a s we l l o ver t wo t housand c o in p e l le t mou lds were r ecovered . I t wou ld n o t s ee m u nreasonab le t o s ee i ta s ap ossib le p ot tery p roduc ing c en tre a lso . T he w ay f orward h ere may l ie i n p etro log ica l a na lys is s uch a s D r . D . J . P eacock h as made o f t he p ot tery f ro m s outh west B r ita in .1 28

S uch a na lys is

c an b e au se fu l p o inter t o p oss ib le p o t tery p roduc ing c en tres . S evera l o f t he D ragonby f abr ics c an b e d ist ingu ished v isua l ly a nd f urther a na lys is a long t hese l i nes may a lso g ive h e lp w ith c hrono logy .1 29

4 1

D ) SUM MARY OF THE EASTERN ENGL ISH S TYLE T he e astern E ng l ish s ty le l ays emphas is o n t he l ine o f t he s i mp le g eo metr ic p a t terns , u s ing c ircu lar s ta mps t o a ccen tua te t hese p a t terns . An u nder ly ing u n ity c an b e s een t hroughout t he a rea . T he e ar ly s tamps o f t he U pper T ha mes s uggest a n i nd igenous o r ig in f or t he t echn ique wh ich c ou ld b e c o mb ined w i th c on t inen ta l i nf luences a s i s i nd ica ted b y t he c oasta l d istr ibu t ion o f t he ompha los j ars .

WIDER S ETT ING E xa mp les o f b o th s tamped a nd r ou le t ted p ot tery o ccur i n aw ider s et t ing , o n b oth B r it ish a nd C ont inen ta l p o t tery . O n t he C on t inen t t he L aT ene t rad it ion o f s tamp ing p o t tery h as r oo ts i n t he H a l lsta t t p er iod a s i ta lso h as i n Br i ta in . I na dd it ion t o t he e ar ly s tamped v esse ls f ro m A l l C ann ings C ross a nd S tand lake t here i s a n e ar ly e xa mp le f ro m W is ley i n S urrey o f ap ot w ith a l arge t r ip le d i mp le s tamp o n t he s hou lder .1 3 ° B u t , a s w i th t he a rc p a tterns , t h is t rad it ion o f u s ing c ircu lar s tamps i s v ery p ers isten t a nd c on t inues i n to t he R o man a nd e ven t he S axon p er iod i n B r ita in .1 31 T he r ou let ted p o t tery o f e astern E ng land s ee ms t he o n ly d ecora t ive t ype t o h ave f ew c on t inen ta l a f f in it ies . Where a s quare n otched d ecora t ion o ccurs i n Armor ica i ti so f ten p roduced w ith a s em i-c ircu lar o r a n Ss haped n o tched s tamp r a ther t han w ith a whee 1 .1 32

Tha t t he r ou let te whee l was k nown i n

t h is r eg ion i s d e monstra ted b y t he d ecora t ion o n t he b ase o f av esse l f ro m Mang -Rou l larde i n Morb ihan . A wavy l i ne c o mposed o f s quare n otches s urr ounds t he p a t tern o f c irc lets o n t he b ase o f t h is p ot .1 33

B u t n owhere i n

Ar mor ica i s t he r ou le t te whee l u sed a s t he ma jor e le men t o f t he d ecora t ion a s i ti s i n L inco lnsh ire a nd a t H eng istbury H ead . I n B r ita in t he r ou le t te whee l i s u sed a s ad ecora t ive d ev ice a t t he C orn ish s i tes o f C ast le D ore 1 34 a nd S t . Mawganin-Pyder .1 35 T he u se o f t he whee l a t t hese t wo s i tes i s s o mewha t s im i lar t o t ha t i n e astern E ng land b u t i td oes n o t f orm t he ma jor e le ment o f t he d ecorat ion . At h ird C orn ish s i te a t Mu lfra H i l l , B odr if ty , n ear P enzance , a lso h as r ou le t te d ecora ted p ot tery b u t t he whee l h ere i s u sed p ure ly a s a n i n f i l l ing d ev ice .1 36

T he

r ou le t te i s am inor e le men t among t he d ecora t ive t echn iques a t G lastonbury a nd Meare . I ti s u sed i n d iagona l l i nes i n c ordons , t o emphas ize t oo led l i nes a nd , i n o ne i nstance , t o f or m a p endan t a rc p a t tern .1 37 Arc p a t terns a re v ery w idespread i n E uropean La T ene a r t a nd J acobst ha l s uggested o r ig ins f or t he m i n s ix th a nd s even th c en tur ies B . C . s ou thern a r t f ro m I t a ly a nd G reece .1 38 H e a lso i l lustra ted t he p ers istence i n p opu lari t y o f t he a rc p a t terns i n to t he R o man p er iod b y r eference t o t he d ecora t ion o f ag roup o f s econd c entury A . D . b rass b ow ls .1 39 P rofessor 0 . H . F rey a nd D r . F . S chwappach h ave s hown r ecent ly h ow , i n c on t inenta l E urope , ad ist inct e astern a nd western La T ene s ty le d eve lo ped i n t he c ourse o f c opy ing a nd a dapt ing c lass ica l l otus a nd p a l met te

4 2

mot i fs .140

T hroughou t t he e as tern L a T ene a rea t he p a t terns a re b roken

d own i n to a bstract f r iezes o f c irc les a nd a rcs , t he p lan t like e lemen ts b e ing i gnored i n f avour o f g eo metr ica l d es igns w ith t he b ud t er m ina ls b eco m ing c irc lets . I n c on trast , i n t he e ar ly western La T ene s ty le , t he c lass ica l mot i fs a re b roken d own t o f or m l ea f a nd t endr i l , s cro l l a nd whor l p at terns . A r ecen t s tudy b y S chwappach o f t he s tamp d ecorated p ot tery o f A r mo r ica s hows t ha t t he a rc a nd i n ter lock ing a rc p a t terns a re a lso f requen t ly u sed t here i n t he d ecora t ion o f e ar ly L a T ene p ot tery .1 41 H e i so lates a d ist inct ive ' a rc s ty le ' o f t he s econd h a lf o f t he f ourth c entury B . C ., where t he emphas is i s o n r ows o f p endan t , s tand ing a nd i n ter lock ing a rcs a ccentu a ted w ith o ne o r more sma l l c ircu lar s tamps c ons ist ing o f s evera l c oncen tr ic c irc les . B u t wherea s t he p a t terns a nd s tamps a re v ery s im i lar t o t hose u sed i n t he e astern E ng lish s ty le , t he emphas is i s q u ite d i f feren t . I n E ng land t h e p a t terns o ccur i n as ing le w ide r ow a nd o ccupy t he s hou lder a rea a lone , w h i le i n A r mor ica t hey a re c rowded i n to r ows c over ing l arge a reas o f t he p ots ' s ur face .1 42

T hese mu lt ip le r ows o f f i ne ly t oo led p a t terns

a re t he mos t i mportan t e le men t r a ther t han t he l arge s ing le r ows a s i n E ngl and . The l a te Ha l lsta t t p ot tery f ro m A r mor ica h as a w ide v ar iety o fs tamps , b o th c ircu lar a nd n on-c ircu lar . T hey r ange f ro m s quares , l ozenges a nd t r iang les t or eversed S s tamps , s p ira ls a nd ' duck ' s ta mps .1 43 B u t , a sw ith t he l ater p o t tery , t he emphas is i s o n r ows o f d ecora t ion . S chwappach s ees t he o r ig ins o f t h is t ype o f s tamped d ecora t ion i n t he Ha l lsta t t s tamped a nd p a in ted p ot tery o f E ste a nd G o lasecca i n n orthern I t a ly a nd i n t he n orth w est A lp ine a reas .1 44

T he e ar ly L a T ene ' arc s ty le ' o r ig ina tes i n t he e ast-

e rn European La T ene a reas . An u npub l ished d istr ibu t ion map b y S chwappach s hows L a T ene s tamp d ecora ted p ot tery w idespread i n c en tra l a nd e astern E urope . I to ccurs o n t he m idd le a nd u pper R h ine , t h e u pper a nd m idd le D anube , a nd o n t he u pper E lbe , c over ing t he a reas o f p resen t d ay s outhern G er many , A ustr ia , C zecho s lovak ia a nd H ungary . T ha ti st os ay i ti sw idespread o ver t he p lateau l and a nd r iver b as ins t o t he n or th a nd n orth e ast o f t he A lps . T here a re o ut ly ing e xamp les o f t h is s tamped p ot tery i n t he u pper Marne a nd L o ire v a l leys a nd f rom a f ew s i tes s ou th o f t he A lps i n n or thern Y ugos lav ia , a nd S chwappach h as r ecen t ly p ub l ished e xamp les o f s tamped p ot tery s herds f ro m s i tes a t S t iCna a nd V a l igna .1 45 T hroughou t t h is a rea t he c ircu lar s tamps a re u sual ly a ssoc iated w ith s i mp le a rc p at t erns . T he p ot tery f l agon f rom D ürrnberg n ear Ha l le in i n Austr ia i l lustra ted b y J acobstha l i s ag ood e xamp le .1 46 T hree f ur ther f ine e xa mp les f ro m K oryCany i n C zechos lovak ia , n ow i n t he Morav ian Museu m a t B rno , h ave r ows o f s tand ing a nd p endan t a rcs w i th v er t ica l r ows o f t hree o r f our s tamped c irc lets . 1` 1 7 Moreover , t he s tand ing a rc wh ich s pr ings f ro m g roups o f t hree s tamped c irc lets o n ap o t f ro m B ag i n S lovak ia 1 48 i s s im i lar t op a t terns n o ted i n e astern Eng land .

4 3

SUM MARY A lthough t here a re n o d irect p ara l le ls , t he s ta mped a nd r ou let ted p ot tery o f e astern E ng land s ee ms t o b e p ar t o f t he g enera l p at tern o f E uropean L a T ene d ecorated p ot tery . T he e astern Eng lish d ecora t ive s ty le h as c loser a f f in it ies w ith t he c on t inen ta l e astern La T ene s ty le t han w i th t he western . B ut t here a re c hrono log ica l d if f icu lt ies a s a l l t he c on t inen ta l p ot tery c an b e d a ted g enera l ly much e ar l ier t han t ha t f ro m b oth e astern a nd western E ng land , w ith t he e xcept ion o f t he U pper T ha mes g roup . Y et w ith in e astern Eng land t he o verr id ing i mpression i so ne o f g eog raph ica l ly s epara ted c o m mun it ies e ach d eve lop ing t he ir i nd iv idua l s ty les o f p ot tery d ecora t ion w ith in t he g enera l L a T ene f ra mework .

4 4

P l . I a

S herd f ro m g lobu lar j ar a t D ragonby w ith p a t tern b urn ish ing ( sca le i n mm ) F ig .1 6 , n o 4 . ( Photograph b y W . T .J ones )

P l . l b

S herd f ro m c ordon o f w ide mouthed u rn a t D ragonby w ith c irc le a nd d i mp le s tamp a nd d oub le s quare t oothed r ou let t ing ( sca le i n mm ) F ig .1 6 , n o 1 8 . ( Photograph b y W . T . J ones )

4 6

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S ta mped s herds f ro m Dragonby ( sca le i n mm ) F ig . 1 8 , n os 9 ,13 & 1 7 . ( Photograph b y W . T . J ones )

P l . I l b

S ta mped s herds f ro m Dragonby a nd Ancaster ( sca le i n mm ) F ig . 1 8 , n os 4 ,10 ,11 & 1 4 . ( Photograph b y W . T . J ones )

4 8

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( Photograph b y W . T . J ones )

5 0

P l . I Va

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F ig .14 , n os 1 ,2 ,4 & 8 .

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P l . I Vb

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P l . V b

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5 7

F ig .11 . B ow ls a nd J ars i n t he S ussex R eg ion ( 1 /4 ) .

5 8

F ig .12 . S herds i n t he S ussex Reg ion ( 1/2 ). 5 9

F ig .13 . B ow ls a nd J ars i n t he T hames E stuary Reg ion ( 1/4 ). 6 0

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6 4

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6 5

F ig . 1 9

S ta mped a nd Rou let ted s herds f ro m Muck ing , E ssex a nd K ir m ing ton , H u mbers ide ( 1/2) .

6 6

APPEND IX I GAZETTEER OF S ITES I N EASTERN ENGLAND WITH STA MPED , ROULETTED OR DOTTED ELE MENTS I N THE DECORAT ION , W ITH PUBL ISHED REFERENCES AB INGTON P IGOTTS , CA MBS .

TL 3 01451

O pen s ite : Museu m o f Archaeo logy a nd E thno logy , C a mbr idge 3s herds d ec . w ith s ing le s quare-toothed r ou le t te ; b urn ished r i ms . ( 51 . 2 90 a -c ). 1p ot w ith d oub le d ot ted l ine p at tern ( 51 . 2 81A ) . 1s herd d ec . w ith sma l l d i mp le s ta mps ( 51 . 2 81B ) . 1s herd d ec . w ith g roup o f l arge d i mp le s ta mps ( 51 . 2 81C ). F ox , 1 924 , p l . V ( f ac ing p .2 22 ), C&D , a nd F ig . 3 , A ( may b e Ang lo-Saxon ). F e l l , 1 952 , p .3 7 , F ig . V , A&B . ALD WICK , BARLEY , HERTS .

TL 3 98388

O pen s ite : Museu m o f Archaeo logy a nd E thno logy , C a mbr idge . 1s herd d ec . w ith p oss ib le s quaretoothed r ou let te ; b urn ished b lack . C ra yster a nd Wi lk inson , 1 960 , p .3 9 , F ig . 8 , n o 1 00 . ALLEN 'S P IT , n r . D orchester , OXON .

C . SU 5 8 . 9 6 .

P it : Ash mo lean Museum . 2s herds , o ne d ec . w ith c irc le a nd o ne w ith d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps . 2s herds d ec . w ith d i mp le s ta mps . B rad ford , 1 942a , p .46 , F ig . 1 1, n os 2 ,6 , 7& 1 6 . ANCASTER , L INCS .

SK 9 81436

S et t le men t s i te : Not t ingha m U n ivers ity Museu m . C .50 s herds , i nc lud ing s o me c omp lete p rof i les , d ec . w ith d i mp le , 4c onc en tr ic c irc le a nd s tar r ose t te s ta mps . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing . May , 1 964&5 . B ar ley , W i lson , T odd e t a l . 1 963-70 . ANST IEBURY , n r . D ork ing , SURREY

TQ 1 53440

H i l l f ort : F .H . T ho mpson , E sq ., S oc iety o f An t iquar ies , L ondon . 2s herds ; o ne d ec . w ith s ing le s quare-toothed r ou let te a nd o ne w ith a r ow o f d ots o n e ach s ide o f a n i nc ised l ine ( AN 7 2/IA/7 ) . A nst iebury E xcava t ion 1 973 : I n ter im R epor t . APPLE FORD , BERKS .

SU 5 2 . 9 3 .

S tray f ind : A sh mo leum Museu m . 1s herd d ec . w ith s ing le l ine o f s quare-toothed s tabb ing f lanked b y f la t t oo led l ines ( 1924 . 5 05 ). H ard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 8E .

6 7

AR M INGHALL , NORFOLK

TG 2 39061

H enge monu men t : Museum o f A rchaeo logy a nd E thno logy , C ambr idge ( ? ) 2p ots ; o ne d ec . w ith l inear d ots a nd o ne w ith d i mp le s ta mps . C larke , 1 936 , p .16 , F ig . 7 , n os 1 5 & 1 7 . BLE WBURTON H ILL , BERKS .

SU 5 47862

H i l l f ort : Read ing Museu m . C . 2 8 s herds d ec . w i th c irc le , r ing a nd d o t a nd r oset te s tamps ; d ot ted r oset tes ; s quare-toothed c o mb s ta mps ( ? ) ; s quare-toothed s em i-c ircu lar s ta mps ( ? ) ; d oub le a nd s ing le l inear d o ts w i th in p ara l le l i nc ised l ines a nd d oub le l inear d ots a lone . B rad ford , 1 942b , p .9 9 , F ig . 1 , n os 2 3 &2 4 ; p .101 , F ig . 2 , n os 3 9-41 ; p .103 , F ig .4 , n os 4 5 &4 6 ; p .104 , F ig .5 , n os 4 8 &4 9 . C o l l ins , 1 947 , p .16 , F ig . 8 , n os 1 ,2 ,4& 10 ; p .2 4 , F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 , F ig . 1 3 , n o 1 . C o l l ins , 1 952 , p .29 , F ig .11 , n os 6 -8 ; p .40 , F ig . 1 4 , n o 3 ; p .41 ,

F ig .15 .

C o l l ins a nd C o l l ins , 1 959 , p .6 5 , n o 1 7 ; p .6 6 , n o 2 8 . Hard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 8H . BORDEN , n r . S it t ingbourne , KENT H i l l f ort ( ? ) : Ma idstone Museu m . 2s herds : o ne d ec .w ith d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp w ith c en tra l d i mp le a nd d oub le l ine o f s quaretoothed i mpressions ( probab ly n ot r ou let t ing ); s econd d ec . w ith d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp w ith c en tra l d i mp le a nd f la t t oo led l ines . Worsfo ld , 1 948 , p .151 , F ig . 3 , n o 5 ; p .154 , F ig .4 , n o 5 . BROAD WATER , W . SUSSEX

TQ 1 5 . 0 4 .

S tray f inds : Wor th ing Museum . 2s herds ; o ne d ec . w ith t hree d i mp le s tamps ; o ne w ith s quare-toothed r ou let t ing ( ? ) .

( 401B & 3 018 )

CABURN , n r . L ewes , E . SUSSEX

TQ 4 45088

H i l l f ort : B arb ican Museu m , L ewes .

P it t R ivers Museu m , F arnham ( ? ) .

1c o mp lete p ot ( restored ) a nd 7 s herds d ec . w ith d ot ted p endan t a rcs ; l i near d ots f lanked b y i nc ised l i nes ; s quare-t oo thed l inear s tabb ing f l anked b y i nc ised l ines ; r ing a nd d ot s ta mps ; r ing a nd d i mp le s ta mps a nd d oub le c onc en tr ic c irc le s ta mps . Lane-Fox , 1 881 , P l . XXV , ( f ac ing 1 3 .492 ) , n os 3 6 &3 7 , 4 0 &4 1 ,4 4 . Hawkes , 1 939a , p .2 53 . P l . X I , F ig . K8 0 . CA ISTOR , L INCS . R epor t f ro m Mrs . E . R udk in o f a n I ron A ge s herd w ith a s tar r oset te s ta mp s im i lar t o t he K ir m ing ton a nd O ld S lea ford e xa mp les . Now l ost . CANE WDON , E SSEX

TQ 8 9 . 9 3 .

C e metery : P r it t lewe l l P r iory Museu m , S ou thend . S herds f ro m t hree p ots d ec . w ith d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps a nd f la t t oo led l ines . P o l l it t , 1 953 , p .65 , P l . XX . 6 8

CANVEY I SLAND , T horney B ay , E SSEX P r it t lewe l l P r iory Museu m , S outhend . 2s herds ; o ne d ec . w i th l inear d ots f lank ing a f la t t oo led l ine a nd o ne d ec . w i th s ing le l i ne o f s tabbed t r iangu lar i mpress ions emphas iz ing a f la t t oo led l i ne .

( TB/927 ).

1r econstructed p ot h as a d oub le r ow o f s quare-toothed r ou let t ing b e low t he r im . Th is a ppears t o h ave b een made b y as ing le whee l w ith 6 t eeth . R odwe l l a nd D rury , 1 973 , p .76 ,

F ig . 1 4 , n os 4 5 &4 6 .

CASS INGTON EAST , OXON

SP 4 55111

P its : Ashmo lean Museu m . 1r estored p ot d ec . w ith s ing le c ircu lar s ta mp a nd f l a t t oo led l ines ( 1933 . 5 56 ). H ard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 7A . CASTLE H ILL , Newhaven , E . S USSEX

TQ 4 46000

O pen s ite o r d estroyed h i l l f or t : B r it ish Museu m a nd B arb ican Museu m L ewes . 4s herds d ec . w ith s ing le a nd mu lt ip le l inear d ots a nd s ing le c ircu lar s ta mps s ta mps . A lso e xa mp les o f ' quas i-rou let t ing ' w ith in p ara l le l f l at t oo led l ines . H awkes , 1 939b , p .282 , F ig .4 , &p .2 85 , F ig . 5 , n os 7 & 8 . CHARLESTON BROW , E . SUSSE X

TQ 4 84054

B ank a nd d i tch s et t le men t s i te w ith f i e ld s yste m : B arb ican Museu m , L ewes . 2s herds a nd s evera l more s herds f ro m t wo p ots d ec . w ith s ing le c irc le a nd l arge d i mp le s ta mps a nd d oub le f la t t oo led l i nes . P arsons a nd C urwen , 1 933 , p .171 , F igs . 9 ,13 ,14 & 1 6 . CHERBURY CA MP , OXON .

SU 3 74963

H i l l f or t : A shmo lean Museum . S herds f rom o ne p ot d ec . w ith s ing le c ircu lar s tamp a nd f la t t oo led l ines ( 1966 . 1 871b ) . H ard ing , 1 972 . P l . 6 7 C . CHESTED-CH IDD INGSTONE , KENT S tray f ind : D r . Gordon Ward ( ? ) .

TQ 5 0 . 4 6 .

1l arge s herd d ec . w ith d oub le r ow s ha l low f la t t oo led l ine e nc los ing l i near d o ts , l arge d i mp le s ta mp a nd ' quas i ' c rescen t ic r ou let t ing ( not s een ) . C ook , 1 933 , p .281 , n o 1 . CH INNOR COM MON , CH INNOR , OXON .

S P 7 67005

( So me s herds l abe l led B led low b u t t h is i s ad i f feren t s i te f ro m L odge H i l l , B led low ) . O pen s ite : A sh mo lean Museum a nd B r i t ish Museu m . 9s herds d ec . w ith s tamped r oset tes a nd c ircu lar s tamps ( B . M .1954 .10 .1 .16 , 1 9 &2 8 ) . 2p ots a nd t hree s herds d ec . w i th l inear d ots ( B . M .1954 .10 .1 .14 ) . R ichardson a nd Young , 1 951 , p .143 , F ig . 8 , n os 5 6 , 6 1-64 ,7 3-75 , 7 8 &8 2 .

6 9

C ISSBURY , W . SUSSEX

TQ 1 39081

H i l l f ort : B r ighton Museu m . 1p ot w ith p oss ib le s ing le l ine o f s quare-toothed r ou lett ing j ust b e low n eck . C urwen , 1 937 , P l . XXV I I , 9( f acing p .2 74 ). CRAYFORD , KENT

TQ 5 10751

Open s i te (? ), b u i lders ' f inds : Dart ford P ub l ic Museu m . 1p ot a nd 1 s herd : p ot d ec . w ith t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s tamps a nd s herd w ith d oub le ( ? ) c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp a nd l inear d ots b etween s ha l low f la t t oo led l ines ( not s een ) . Ward-Perk ins 1 938 , p .161 , F ig . 7 , n o 1 2 &p .163 , F ig . 9 , n o 5 . DAR MSDEN , SUFFOLK 2s herds d ec . w ith d i mp le a nd s i mp le c ircu lar s ta mps i n c o mb inat ion w ith f la t t oo led a nd i nc ised l ines ( not s een ). Cun lif fe , 1 968 , p .187 , F ig . 3 , n o 2 4 ; p .188 , F ig .4 , n o 5 2 . DRAGONBY , n r . S cunthorpe , HU MBERSIDE

SE 9 05138

Open s i te u nder R o man s et t le ment : S cunthorpe Museu m a nd N ot t ingham U n iversity Museu m . C . 2 00 s herds & 3 c o mp lete p ots d ec . w ith s ing le , d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncent r ic c irc le s ta mps ; s ing le c irc le a nd d imp le s ta mps ; r oset te s ta mps ; o va l s ta mps ; t r iangu lar a nd d oub le t r iangu lar s ta mps ; c rescen t ic a nd d oub le c rescent ic s ta mps ; ' maggot ' s ta mps ; s ing le a nd d oub le s quare-toothed r oul et te whee l a lone , w ith in p ara l le l f la t t oo led l ines a nd emphas izing s ing le f la t t oo led l ine . May , 1 970 , p .2 37 , F ig . 7 ; p .2 39 , F ig . 8 . EATON HEATH , n r . Norw ich , NORFOLK

TG 2 09060

H i l l f ort : C ast le Museu m , Norw ich . 1s herd d ec . w ith s ing le c ircu lar s ta mp . Wa inwr ight , 1 973 , p .36 , F ig .17 , P 34. ELLESBOROUGH , BUCKS .

SP 8 45065

2p its : Ay lesbury Museu m ( ? ). 1l arge s herd d ec . w ith d oub le l inear d ots a t b ase o f n eck a nd i ncised wavy l ines . Head a nd P iggot t , 1 944 , p .2 08 , F ig . V . C ocks , 1 909 , 3 49-61 . E SHER , SURREY

TQ 1 28650

Open s i te . 1s herd d ec . w ith d i mp le s ta mp a nd f la t t oo led l ines . Burche l l a nd F rere , 1 947 , p .3 8 , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 0 .

7 0

EWELL , S URREY

TQ 2 18623

( S ite 1 ) . 1s herd d ec . w ith s quare-too thed ' runn ing d og ' s ta mp .

( There i s ap oss i-

b i l ity t hat t h is s herd may b e S axon b u t Hawkes c ons iders t he f abr ic t o b e E ar ly I ron A ge . Not s een .) L owther , 1 935 , p .24 , F ig .5 , n o 2 . EWERBY , L INCS .

TF 1 17465

S ur face f ind ; G reyfr iars Museum , L inco ln . R im a nd s hou lder o f whee l made b ow l d ec . w ith d oub le s quare-too thed r ou let te whee l b etween p ara l le l f la t t oo led l i nes a nd sma l l d i mp le s ta mps i n g roups o f t hree . EMAB , n o 7 , 1 964 , p .6 & p .21 , F ig .3 , n o 4 . FONABY , L INCS .

TA 1 10032

1s herd f rom b enea th S axon c emetery d ec . w ith d oub le s quare-too thed r ou let te a nd f l a t t oo led l i ne ; I ns t itu te o f Archaeo logy , Ox ford ; Mrs . S . C . H awkes . FR ILFORD , BERKS .

SU 4 39962

O pen s i te ( shr ine ? ) u nder R o man t e mp le ; A shmo lean Museum . 3p ots a nd 3 s herds d ec . w ith s ing le , d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic r ing s tamps ; ' quas i r ou let t ing ' b etween p ara l le l f l a t t oo led l i nes . B rad ford a nd G oodch i ld , 1 939 , p .2 2 , F ig . 7 , n os 7 7-85 . GRAIN , I SLE OF , KENT

TQ 8 78755

Workmens ' f i nds . 1s herd d ec . w ith g roups o f t hree c oncentr ic c irc le s tamps c o mb ined w i th t oo led l ines ( no t i l lustra ted a nd n ot s een ) . Evans , 1 950 , p p . 1 45-6 . GREAT WAKER ING , E SSEX S herds f rom o ne p ot d ec . w ith l arge t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp a nd s ha l low f la t t oo led l ines . Pr it t lewe l l P r iory Museum , S outhend . GUN H ILL , W . T i lbury , E SSEX

TQ 6 55778

W .R odwe l l E sq . 1l arge s herd d ec . w ith d oub le l i near d ots a nd f la t t oo led l ine . R odwe l l & D rury , 1 973 , p .76 , F ig . 1 4 , n os 4 3a & 4 3 . HATFORD , B ERKS .

SU 3 3 . 9 4 .

A shmo lean Museu m . 2s herds : o ne d ec . o n b ase w i th s ing le c irc lets a nd o n wa l ls w ith c irc lets w ith in t oo led l i nes ; o ne d ec . w i th c irc lets a nd f l a t t oo led p endan t a rcs 1 966 , 9 2e & A . M . 1 966 , 1 871b ). H ard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 5C ; P l . 6 7B .

7 1

( A .M .

HA WK 'S H ILL , n r . Leatherhead , SURREY

TQ 1 55554

F ar mstead , o pen s i te . 1b ow l p rof i le a nd 6 s herds . B ow l d ec . w ith ' quas i r ou let t ing ' w ith in p ara l le l f lat t oo led l i nes a nd s herds d ec . w ith l inear d ots b o th a lone a nd i n c o mb ina t ion w ith t oo led l ines .

D ot ted i mpress ions u sed a s ' i n f i l l '.

Hast ings a nd Cun l if fe , 1 965 , p .16 , F ig .6 , n os 1 & 1 5 ; p .28 , F ig . 1 2 , n os 1 7-20 ; p .30 , F ig . 1 3 , n o 4 0 . TM 0 4 . 7 8 .

H INDERCLAY , SUFFOLK 1b ow l p rof i le w ith s ing le c ircu lar s ta mp a nd f lat t oo led l i nes . Cun l if fe , 1 968 , p .189 , F ig .5 , n o 6 3 . HORSTED KEYNES , W . SUSSEX

TQ 3 84262

D itch : Barb ican Museu m , L ewes . S herds f ro m a t l east 8 p ots d ec . w ith s ing le c ircu lar s tamps i n g roups o f t wo o r t hree a nd i n ar ow b etween p ara l le l f l a t t oo led l ines ; d oub le a nd s ing le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a lone a nd b etween f lat t oo led l ines a nd o n o ne s herd t he r ou let te u sed a s ' i nf i ll '. Hardy e t a l ., 1 937 , p .258 ; F igs . 8 ,10-12 ; p .260 , F ig . 2 9 . I NGOLDMELLS , L INCS . S a ltern s i te : Greyfr iars Museu m , L inco ln . 1p ot d ec . w ith sma l l d i mp le s ta mp a nd f l at t oo led l ines . Baker , 1 958 , p .32 , F ig .3 , n o 1 . KESTON , C aesar 's C a mp , KENT

TQ 4 2 . 6 4 .

H i l l f or t . 1s herd d ec . w ith l i near d ots b etween p ara l le l f l at t oo led l i nes . F ox , 1 969 , p .191 , F ig . 5 , n o 1 . K INGSTON BUCI , W . SUSSEX

TQ 2 33059

P its a nd s tray f i nds : Barb ican Museu m L ewes . 1p ot p rof i le a nd t hree s herds . T he p ot d ec . w ith v ery f i ne s quaretoothed r ou let te whee l a nd t he s herds w ith a d oub le d ot ted l i ne wh ich c ou ld h ave b een a pp l ied w ith a whee l . Curwen a nd Hawkes , 1 931 , p .196 , F ig .25 ; p .202 , F ig . 3 6 . K IR M INGTON , HU MBERS IDE

TA 0 93112

S urface f i nds : S cun thorpe Museu m a nd G . T ay lor E sq ., C leethorpes . 1 3 s herds d ec . w ith s tar r oset te , s i mp le c irc let , t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le a nd d i mp le s tamps ; d oub le a nd s ing le s quare-toothed r ou le t t ing emphas iz ing f la t t oo led l ines . KMAA . L incs . HA , 1 966 , n o 1 , f o l .

p .40 , F ig .I Id .

LANGENHOE , ( Red H i l l 3 ) , E SSEX

TM 0 17167

S a ltern S ite : C o lchester a nd E ssex Museum . 1p ot d ec . w ith d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps a nd f lat t oo led l ines . Reader , 1 909 , p .191 , F ig . 8A ( photo , o n f ac ing p age ). Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig . 1 0 , n o 4( draw ing i ncorrect ). 7 2

L ITTLE HORSTED LANE , E . S USSEX S tray f ind : B arb ican Museum , L ewes .

TQ 4 61172

1p ot d ec . w ith s ing le c irc le s ta mps a rranged i n g roups o f t hree a nd b road f l a t t oo led l i nes . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .165 , F ig .11 , n o 1 . C urwen , 1 937 , P 1 .28 ( f ac ing p .275 ), n o 2( photo ). LONG WITTENHA M , OXON .

C .SU 5 4 . 9 3 .

3s herds d ec . w ith d i mp le s tamps o n s hou lder . 1s herd h as f l a t t oo led l i nes . S avory , 1 937 , p .5 , F ig . 2 , n os 1 1 ,12 & 1 4 . LOWER HALSTO W , KENT

C . TQ 8 67680

S tray f ind o n s hore : Ma idstone Museu m . 1s herd d ec . w ith t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp w ith c en tra l d i mp le . MEON H ILL , HANTS .

SU 3 44352

P i ts . 1s herd d ec . w ith r ing a nd d o t s tamp . L idde l l , 1 937 , p . 2 8 , P l . 2 4 , P .179 . MERLE COM MON , n r . L i mpsf ie ld , SURREY

TQ 4 4 . 5 2 .

B u i lders ' f i nds . 1s herd d ec . w ith t hree r ows o f r ou let t ing b e low n eck . Margary , 1 934 , P l . XX I I I , 4( f ac ing p .110 ). L owther , 1 947 , p .145 , F ig .5 . MOUNT FARM , Dorchester , OXON .

SU 5 83969

P its : A shmo lean Museu m . 3s herds d ec . w ith s ing le c ircu lar s ta mps a nd l arge d i mp le s tamps o n s hou lder . Myres , 1 937 , p .31 , F ig .7 , ' ) \7 , +o f ,6 . MUCKING , E SSEX C . TQ 6 73803 O pen s i te : G rays a nd T hurrock Museu m a nd Mrs . M . U . J ones . 1c omp lete p ot a nd c .3 3 s herds d ec . w ith s ing le , d oub le a nd t r ip le c oncent r ic c irc le s tamps ; d i mp le s ta mps ; r eversed Z r ou let t ing ; Sr ou let t ing ( ? ) ; s ing le l inear d o ts o n e i ther s ide o f f la t t oo led l i ne a nd w ith in p ara l le l f la t t oo led l ines ; d o t ted i n f i l l ing a nd d ot ted p a t terns ( roset tes ? ) . NOR MARSH , KENT

TQ 8 18695

S tray f ind o n s hore , S a ltern s i te ( ? ) , Ma idstone Museum . 1l arge s herd d ec . w ith c ircu lar s ta mp w ith c en tra l d i mp le ; d oub le c oncent r ic c ircu lar s ta mp w ith c en tra l d i mp le ; Zr ou let t ing a nd f la t t oo led l ines .

7 3

OLD SLEAFORD , L INCS .

TF 0 78462

D itches : Greyfr iars Museu m , L inco ln a nd Mrs . M .U . J ones . 3p ot p rof i les a nd c .8 0 s herds d ec . w ith t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le , d imp le a nd s ing le c irc le s ta mps ; s tar r oset te s tamps ; d oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te whee l b oth w ith in p ara l le l f lat t oo led l ines a nd u sed a s I n f i l l ing ' ; c rescent ic s ta mps a nd v ery l arge d i mp le s ta mps . EMAB , n o 6 , 1 963 , p p .5-6 . PARK BRO W , W . SUSSEX

TQ 1 54090

Lynchets : Br it ish Museu m ( ? ). C . 6s herds d ec . w ith l inear d ots w ith in p ara l le l f l at t oo led l i nes a nd o n e ither s ide o f t oo led l ines ; sma l l a nd l arge d i mp le s ta mps . Wo lse ley e t a l . 1 927 , p .21 , F ig . 1 4 ( Park B row a nd F indon Park ), F ig . 1 3a . ROSEH ILL , I f f ley , Ox ford

C . S P 5 38037

S tray f i nd : Ash mo lean Museu m . 1l arge s herd d ec . w ith ' quas i ' r ou let t ing b etween d oub le f l a t t oo led l i nes a nd d i mp le s ta mp ( 1935 .506 ). Gr i mes , 1 952 , p .172 , F ig .11 , n o 1 . Hard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 8G . ST . I VES , HUNTS . 1b ase s herd w ith p oss ib le d oub le r ow o f s quare-toothed r ou let t ing . Cun l if fe , 1 974 , p .338 , n o 6 . SAL TDEAN , E . SUSSEX

TQ 3 8 . 0 2 .

S tray f i nd : Br ighton Museum . 1r estored p ot d ec . w ith s ing le s quaretoothed r ou let te w hee l w ith in p ara l le l f la t t oo led l ines a nd s ing le c irc le s ta mp . Curwen , 1 937 , p .279 , F ig . 8 1 . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig .10 , n o 3 . SAPPERTON , n r . Grantha m , L INCS .

TF 0 19328

S urface f i nds n ear Ro man s et t le ment : B . B . S i m mons Esq ., C ar Dyke Research Group . 6s herds d ec . w ith d oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te whee l b e tween a nd o n e ither s ide o f f la t t oo led l i nes ; sma l l d i mp le s ta mp . S EAFORD BAY , E . SUSSEX

C . TV 4 95978

Bu i lders ' f inds : Barb ican Museu m , Lewes . 1s herd d ec . w ith s ing le c irc le s ta mp a nd p a irs o f f lat t oo led l ines . Sm ith , 1 939 , p .299 , F ig . 1 4 . STANDLAKE , OXON .

C . S P 3 89046

Open s i te : R . Grace E sq ., H erne B ay , K en t . S herds o f l arge p ot d ec . w ith d oub le r ow o f r ing a nd d o t s ta mps o n n eck a nd s hou lder . Bradford , 1 942c , p .212 , F ig .4 , n o 1 . Hard ing , 1 972 , P 1 .47F .

7 4

THORNTON-LE-DALE , n r . P icker ing , N . YORKS . S tray f ind : Y orksh ire Museu m , York . 1 sma l l s herd d ec . w ith d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp w ith c entra l d ot . S ta mp c . 1 4 m ms e x terna l d iameter ,

f abr ic g rey/brown , b urn ished , w ith

f i ne ly c rushed f i l ler ( not s een ) . WANDLEBURY , CA MBS .

TL 4 94534

H i l l f ort : Museu m o f Archaeology a nd E thno logy , Cambr idge . 3s herds d ec . w ith d ot ted p a tterns ( roset tes? ). Hart ley , 1 957 , p .17 , F ig . 8 , n o 3 6 . WARHA M CA MP , We l ls , NORFOLK

TF 9 44409

H i l l f ort : N orw ich C ast le Museu m . 1s herd d ec . w ith d ot ted r oset te . Gray , 1 933 , p .411 , F ig . 5 , n o 2 1 . WICKFORD , Beaucha mps , E SSEX .

TQ 7 61937

W . J . Rodwe l l Esq . 4s herds d ec . w ith s ing le a nd t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps ; d oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a lone a nd emphas iz ing s ing le f la t t oo led l i ne ; sma l l d i mp les a rranged i n ad oub le l ine b etween f la t t oo led l ines . WISLEY , S URREY

TQ 0 59596

P its : Weybr idge Museu m a nd B r it ish Museu m . 3s herds d ec . w ith a r ow o f d o ts o n e ither s ide o f af la t t oo led l i ne ; l inear d ots b etween p ara l le l f la t t oo led l ines a nd d ot ted p at terns . Sm ith , 1 924 , P l .X IXb ( f ac ing p .4 5 ), p hoto . L owther , 1 945 , p .34 , F ig .2 , n os 2 4-26 . WORTH , KENT

TR 3 3 . 5 5 .

U nder Ro man t e mp le s i te . 1s herd d ec . w ith a l most c er ta in f ine s quaretoothed r ou let te o n e i ther s ide o f i nc ised l ine ( not s een ) . K le in a nd Sm ith , 1 928 , P l . XX Ie ( f ac ing p .8 4 ). YARN TON , OXON .

S P 4 82131

S tray f ind : B r it ish Museu m . 1l arge s herd d ec . w ith t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp a nd ' quas i r ou let t ing ' b etween f la t t oo led l i nes ( B . M . 7 6 . 8 2 .1 .). Sm ith , 1 925 , p .142 , F ig .137 . Hard ing , 1 972 , P 1 .68F .

7 5

APPEND IX I S CHEDULE OF S ITES I N EASTERN ENGLAND WITH OMPHALOS J ARS ( AND PROBABLE OMPHALOS JARS ) BEAR ING ARC PATTERNS .* CANE WDON , E SSEX

F ig . 1 3 , n o 6 .

2 ompha los j ars w ith f la t t oo led i nter lock ing a rc p at terns a nd s ta mped c irc lets . P o l l it t , 1 953 , p .6 5 , P l .) 0 C . S outhend Museum , Pr it t lewe l l Pr iory . CANVEY I SLAND , E SSEX Poss ib le ompha los b ow l w ith i n tersect ing p endant a rcs c arr ied o ut i n f l a t t oo led l ines . F ound i n 1 950s , e xact p rovenance u nknown : W .J . Rodwe l l E sq . CABURN , n r . L ewes , E . SUSSEX

F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 2 .

One ompha los b ase f ound a nd a n amount o f p ot tery b ear ing c urv i linear d ecora t ion i n c o mb ina t ion w ith s ta mped c irc lets . Hawkes , 1 939a , p .253 , P l .X I , 8 0 &p . 2 54 . Barb ican Museum , L ewes a nd P it t R ivers Museum , Farnham ( ? ). BORDEN , KENT

F ig . 1 3 , n o 8 ; F ig . 1 4 , n o 2 0 .

Probab le ompha los j ars w ith f lat t oo led i nter lock ing a rc p a t tern a nd c ircul ar s ta mps . 1s herd f ro m p oss ib le f urther ompha los j ar d ecorated w ith s ta mped c irc lets a nd l inear s quare n otches . Worsfo ld , 1 948 , p .151 , F ig . 3 , n o 5 . Ma idstone Museu m . BOR MER , E . SUSSEX Ompha los j ar w ith t oo led s tand ing a rc p a t tern . Poss ib ly e ar ly R o man . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .165 , F ig . 1 1 , n o 2 . Barb ican Museum , Lewes . CASTLE H ILL , Newhaven , E . SUSSEX

F ig . 1 2 , n os 2 & 3 .

S herds f ro m t wo p oss ib le ompha los j ars w ith c irc lets a nd s tand ing a rcs e xecu ted w ith l inear d ots a nd f la t t oo led l i nes . Hawkes , 1 939b , p .285 , F ig . 5 , n o 7 . Br it ish Museu m a nd Barb ican Museu m , L ewes .

* Severa l j ars a re r epresented o n ly b y t he d ist inct ive d ecora ted s herds f ro m t he s hou lder , t he b ody s herds h av ing b een p robab ly p assed b y u nnot iced . Bu t t hese s herds a l most c erta in ly r epresent ompha los j ars a nd a re i nd ica ted t hus 0

i n F ig . 2 .

I nc luded i n t h is s chedu le a re ompha los j ars w ith s i mp le f lat t oo led a rc p a t terns wh ich a re om it ted f ro m F ig . 2 . A l l t he ompha los j ars h ave u pstand ing , s l ight ly e verted n ecks a nd r i ms w ith t he e xcept ion o f o ne f ro m Canewdon a nd o ne f ro m Dragonby b oth o f wh ich h ave r o l led r i ms .

7 6

DRAGONBY , HU MBERSIDE

F ig .1 6 , n os 1 -10 & 1 2 .

2 ompha los j ars w ith f la t t oo led a nd r ou let ted i n ter lock ing a rc p a t terns . 9s herds f rom p robab le ompha los j ars w ith v ar ious s tamped a nd r ou le t ted p a t terns . 1p oss ib le ompha los j ar w ith r o l led r im a nd f l a t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern ( no t i l lustra ted ). May , 1 970 , p .237 , F ig . 7 , n o 7 . S cunthorpe Museu m a nd N ot t ingham U n ivers ity Museum . FETTER LANE , L ondon E . C . 4 . Ompha los j ar w ith l ight ly t oo led s tand ing a rcs . Probab ly e ar ly R o man ( C laud ian ) . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig .10 , n o 7 . G u i ldha l l Museum , L ondon . GRA IN , I s le o f , KENT 1s herd f ro m p robab le ompha los j ar w ith t oo led s tand ing a rcs ( ? ) a nd c ircu lar s tamps . E vans , 1 950 , p .145-6 . GREAT WAKER ING , E SSEX

F ig . 1 3 , n o 3 .

P robab le ompha los j ar w ith t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern a nd c ircu lar s ta mps . P r it t lewe l l P r iory Museum , S outhend . GUN H ILL , W . T i lbury , E SSEX

F ig .13 , n o 4 .

P robab le ompha los j ar w ith f la t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern emphas ized b y d oub le l i near d o ts . R odwe l l &D rury , 1 973 , p .7 6 , F ig .1 4 , n o 4 3 . W . J .R odwe l l , I nst itute o f Archaeo logy , Ox ford . HORSTED KEYNES , W . SUSSEX

F ig . 1 1 , n os 1 ,3 ,5 & 6 .

1 ompha los j ar w ith t oo led s tand ing a rc p a t tern a nd d i mp le s tamps . S herds f ro m t hree f ur ther p oss ib le ompha los j ars w ith b oth t oo led a nd r ou let ted s tand ing a rc p a t terns . H ardy e t a l ., 1 937 , p .258 , F igs . 1 0 &1 2 . B arb ican Museu m , L ewes . K INGSTON BUCI , W . SUSSEX

F ig . 1 1 , n o 7 .

P oss ib le ompha los j ar w ith r ou let ted s tand ing a rcs a nd c ircu lar s tamps . C urwen a nd H awkes , 1 931 , p .202 , F ig .3 6 . B arb ican Museum , L ewes . K IR M INGTON , HU MBERS IDE

F ig . 1 6 , n os 1 1 8 /1 4 .

S herds f rom 4 p robab le ompha los j ars w ith t oo led a nd r ou let ted a rc p a t terns , c ircu lar s tamps a nd s tar r oset te s ta mps . LHA , 1 966 , n o 1 , f o l . p .40 , F ig . I d . S cunthorpe Museu m a nd G . T ay lor E sq ., C leethorpes .

7 7

LANGENHOE , E SSEX

F ig . 1 3 , n o 1 .

Ompha los j ar w ith f la t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern a nd c ircu lar s tamps . R im m iss ing . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig . 1 0 , n o 4 . C o lchester a nd E ssex Museu m . MERLE CO M MON , n r . L i mpsf ie ld , SURREY S herd f ro m p oss ib le ompha los j ar w ith t hree r ows o f r ou le t t ing b e low n eck . Margary , 1 934 , P l . XX I I I , 4( f ac ing p .1 10 ) . L owther , 1 947 , p .145 , F ig . 5 . MA IDSTONE , KENT Sma l l ompha los j ar w ith t oo led s tand ing a rc d ecora t ion . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig . 1 0 n o 5 . Ma idstone Museum . MUCKING , E SSEX

F ig . 1 3 , n o 2 ; F ig . 1 4 , n os 1 ,2 ,4 & 5 .

Ompha los j ar w ith f la t t oo led mod if ied i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern a nd c ircu lar s ta mps . S evera l s herds f ro m p oss ib le f ur ther e xamp les . G rays a nd T hurrock museu m a nd Mrs . M . U . J ones . NOR MARSH , n r . S i t t ingbourne , KENT

F ig . 1 4 , n o 2 1 .

Large s herd f ro m p robab le ompha los j ar w ith t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern , s tamped c irc lets a nd Z r ou let t ing . Ma idstone Museum . OLD S LEAFORD , L INCS .

F ig . 1 6 , n os 1 0 ,13 & 1 6 .

S herds f ro m 3 p robab le ompha los j ars w i th t oo led a nd r ou le t ted i nter lock ing a rc p a t terns . Mrs . M . U . J ones , D ep t o f t he E nv ironmen t , L ondon . PLAXTOL , KENT Ompha los j ar w ith v ery c rude f la t t oo led s tand ing a rc p a t tern . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .165 , F ig . 1 1 , n o 3 . Ma idstone Museu m . SALTDEAN , E . SUSSEX Ompha los j ar w ith t oo led a nd r ou let ted s tand ing a rc p a t tern a nd c ircu lar s tamps . Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .164 , F ig .1 0 , n o 3 . B r igh ton Museu m . WICKFORD , B eaucha mps , E SSEX 2s herds f ro m p robab le ompha los j ar w ith f la t t oo led a nd r ou let ted i n ter locki ng a rc ( ? ) p a t tern a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . W . J .R odwe l l E sq ., I nst itu te o f A rchaeo logy , Ox ford .

7 8

APPEND IX I I N ote o n Measure men ts o f R ou le t te Whee l I mpress ions The ma jor ity o f r ou le t te d ecora ted s herds a re n ot l arge e nough f or d e ta i led measure men ts o f t he r epea t o f t he p a t tern i n o rder t o d e ter m ine t he s ize o f t he whee l u sed .

H owever , t he p o t d rawn i n F ig . 1 7 ,

n o 1 8 ,

p roved s u i tab le f or s uch measure men ts ,w ith w h ich D r .R . L ax ton a ss isted me . We u sed a t rave l l ing m icroscope w ith a na t tached g ra t icu le a nd measured b oth t he i nd iv idua l t ooth marks a nd t he s paces b etween t he m . A l l t he a va i la b le r ou le t te r uns o n t h is p ar t icu lar p ot were measured . T h is e nab led u st o d eter m ine ap at tern r epea t o f 9 .75 cms . T h is t herefore r epresen ts t he c irc umference o f t he w hee l u sed , w h ich must h ave b een j ust o ver 3 cms i n d ia meter . T he t eeth a re a rranged i n p a irs a nd t he d istance b etween t he o u ter e dges o f e ach p a ir o f t ooth marks i s a pprox i ma te ly 4 m ms . T hus t he m in i mu m w id th o f t he whee l was 4 mms . T he r ou let te w hee l must h ave h ad s o me k ind o f ac entra l a x le , p oss ib ly a t tached t o ah and le f or e as ier a pp l ic a t ion . The me thod o f measuremen t u sed was a l i t t le t ed ious a l though e xact , a nd we c onc luded t ha t a magn ify ing g lass g iv ing a n 8t imes magn if ica t ion a nd w ith a s ca le o f mi l l i metres a nd 1 0th o f m i l l i me tres a t tached wou ld b e a deq ua te i n f u ture . Pho tograph ic e n large ments i ncorpora t ing a s im i lar s ca le w ou ld e nab le t he measure men ts t o b e t aken o f f t he p r ints .

7 9

ABBREV IAT IONS U SED I N THE B IBLIOGRAPHY An t .J .

An t iquar ies J ourna l

Arch . Can t .

A rchaeo log ia C ant iana

Arch .J .

Archaeo log ica l J ourna l

B erks . Arch .J .

B erksh ire Archaeo log ica l J ourna l

B . M .

B r it ish Museu m

EMAB

East M id land Archaeo log ica l Bu l let in

JR IC

J ourna l o f t he Roya l I nst itut ion o f Cornwa l l

L incs . AAS

L inco lnsh ire Arch i tectura l a nd Archaeo log ica l S oc iety

L incs . HA

L inco lnsh ire H istory a nd Archaeo logy

Oxon .

Oxon iens ia

PCAS

Proceed ings o f t he C ambr idge Ant iquar ian S oc iety

PCNHFC

P roceed ings o f t he C otswo ld Natura l H istory a nd F ie ld C lub

PHFC

Proceed ings o f t he Ha mpsh ire F ie ld C lub a nd Archaeo log ica l S oc iety

PPS

Proceed ings o f t he Preh istor ic S oc ie ty

PPSEA

Proceed ings o f t he Preh istor ic S oc iety o f East A ng lia

Rec . o f Bucks .

Records o f Buck ingha msh ire

SAC

S urrey Archaeo log ica l C o l lect ions

S x . AC

S ussex Archaeo log ica l C o l lect ions

TEAS

T ransact ions o f t he E ssex Archaeo log ica l S ociety

Wor ld Arch .

Wor ld Archaeo logy

8 0

B IBLIOGRAPHY A l len , D .W . 4958

' The Or ig ins o f C o inage i n Br ita in : A Reappra isa l ' i n P rob le ms o f t he I ron Age i n S outhern B r ita in , e d . F rere , 9 7-308 .

Avery , M . , 1 971

' So me A spects o f t he I ron Age i n S outh- Western Eng land ', Ox ford , 1 971 , ( unpub l ished ).

1 972-3

' Br i t ish La T ene Decorated Pot tery : a n o ut l ine ', E tudes C e lt iques , 1 3 , 5 22-551 .

B aker , F . T . ,1 958

' The I ron Age S a lt I ndustry i n L inco lnsh ire ' , L incs . AAS , 8 , 2 6-34 , e t a l .

B ar ley , M .W . ,Wi lson ,

' Pre l im inary Reports o n Excavat ions a t t he I ron

D .R . & T odd , M . e t a l

Age a nd Ro mano-Br it ish s i tes a t Ancaster , n ear

1 963-70

Gran tha m ,L inco lnsh ire ; ' U n ivers ity o f N ot t ingh am . Depts . o f C lass ics a nd Adu lt Educat ion .

B ircha l l ,A . ,1 965

' The Ay lesford-Swar l ing Cu lture : t he P rob le m o f t he B e lgae r econs idered ' , PPS , XXX I , 2 41-367 .

B rad ford ,J .S .P

1 942a

' An E ar ly I ron Age S i te o n B lewburton H i l l , B erks ' , B erks . Arch . J ., 4 6 , n o 1 , 9 7-104 .

1 942b

' An E ar ly I ron Age S i te a t A l len 's P it , D orchester , Oxon ., 7 ,3 6-60 .

B rad ford ,J .S .P

&

' Excavat ions a t F r i lford , Berks ' , Oxon , 4 ,1-70 .

Goodch i ld ,R .G ., 1 939 B r iscoe , G ., 1 949

' Comb ined B eaker a nd I ron Age S i te a t Lakenhea th , S u f fo lk ' , PCAS , 4 2 , 9 2-116 .

B u l le id ,A . & Gray , H .S t .G .

1 911

' The G lastonbury L ake V i l lage ' v o l . 1 .

1 917

v o l . 2 . ( G lastonbury An t iquar ian S oc iety )

1 948

' The Meare Lake V i l lage ', v o l .l .

1 953

v o l . 2 .

1 966

v o l .3 . ( pr iva te ly p r inted a t T aun ton Cast le ), v o l .3 , e d . Mrs . M . A . C ot ton .

B urche l l ,J .P . T . &

' The O ccupat ion o f S andown Park , E sher , S urrey ,

F rere ,S .S . ,1 947

d ur ing t he S tone Age a nd Ear ly I ron Age , a nd t he Ang lo-Saxon P er iod ', An t .J ., 2 7 , 2 4-46 .

B ushe-Fox ,J .P ., 1 915

' The Excavat ions a t H eng istbury Head , 1 911-12 ' , Research Repor t o f t he S oc iety o f An t iquar ies o f L ondon , n o 3 , 1 915 .

C larke ,J .G . D . ,1 936

' The T i mber monu men t a t Ar m ingha l l a nd i t s A f f in it ies ' , PPS . , 2 , 1 -51 .

8 1

C ocks , A . H . ,1 909

' Preh istor ic P it-Dwe l l ings a t E l lesborough ,R ec . o f B ucks

C o l l ins , A . E . P . ,1 947

I X , 3 49-61 .

' Excava t ions a t B lewbur ton H i l l , 1 947 ', B erks . Arch .J . ,5 0 ,4-29 .

1 952

' Excavat ions a t B lewburton H i l l , 1 948-49 ' , B erks . Arch .J ., 5 3 ,21-64 .

C o l l ins , A . E . P . &C o l l ins , ' Excavat ions a t B lewburton H i l l , 1 953 ' , B erks . F . J . ,1 959

Arch .J . ,5 7 ,52-73 .

C ook , N ., 1 933

' Ear ly I ron A ge Pot tery f ro m C h idd ingstone ' , Arch . C an t ., 4 5 ,280-283 .

C ra 'ster , M . D . ,1 960

' The A ldw ick I ron Age S et t le men t , Bar ley , H ertf ordsh ire ' , PCAS , 5 4 ,22-46 .

C un l if fe , B . ,1 968

' Ear ly Pre-Ro man I ron Age C o mmun it ies i n E astern Eng land ' , An t .J . ,4 8 ,175-191 .

1 974

' I ron Age C o m mun it ies i n Br ita in ' ( London s g i B oston , 1 974 ).

Curwen , E . C . ,1 937

' The Archaeo logy o f S ussex ' ( F irst e d . London , 1 937 )

1 954

' The Archaeo logy o f S ussex ' ( Second e d .; r ev ised , L ondon , 1 954 ).

Curwen , E . C . & Hawkes , C . F . C .,1931 Dud ley , D . ,1 956

' Preh istor ic R e ma ins f ro m K ingston Buc i ' , S x . AC . , 7 2 ,185-217 . ' An Excava t ion a t B odr if ty , Mu lfra H i l l , n ear Penzance , C ornwa l l ' , Arch .J ., 1 13 ,1-32 .

Evans ,J .H . ,1 950

N ote c oncern ing t he I s le o f Gra in i n Arch . C an t ., 6 3 ,145-6 .

F e l l , C . I . ,1 936

' The Hunsbury H i l l-For t , Northants : an ew s urvey o f t he mater ia l ', Arch .J . ,9 3 ,57-100 .

1 952

' An Ear ly I ron Age S et t le ment a t L inton , C a mbr idgesh ire ' , PCAS , 4 6 ,31-42 .

F or man ,W . B . & Pou l ik ,

' Preh istor ic A rt ' , S pr ing Books , L ondon .

n o d a te F ox , C . , 1924

' A S et t le men t o f t he Ear ly I ron A ge a t Ab ing ton P igot ts , C ambr idgesh ire , a nd i t s s ubsequen t h istory ; a s e v idenced b y o b jects p reserved i n t he P igot t c o l lect ion ' , PPSEA , 4 ,211-233 .

1 958

' Pa t tern E iP urpose . AS urvey o f E ar ly C e lt ic Art i n B r ita in ' , N at iona l Museu m o f Wa les ( Card if f ).

F ox , Mrs .N .P iercy , 1 969 F rere , S .S . ,1 944

' Caesar 's C amp , Keston ' , Arch . C an t . ,8 4 ,185-199 . ' An I ron Age s i te a t West C landon , S urrey , a nd s o me a spects o f I ron Age a nd R omano-Br it ish c u lture i n t he Wea lden Area ' , A rch .J ., 1 01 ,50-67 .

8 2

F rey , 0 . H . &S chwappach , F ., 1 973

' S tud ies i n Ear ly C e lt ic Des ign ' , Wor ld Arch ., 4 ,339-356 .

F ro mo ls ,J . ,19 55

' Recense ment d es T u mu lus e t F ou i l les a rche ol og iques d ans l a F or k d es Pothe es ( Ardennes ) ; F ou i l les d e M . M . Br isson , L op in e t Heg ly e n 1 938 & 1 939 ' , Memo ires d e l a S ocie te d 'Agr icu lture , C o m merce , S c iences e t Arts d e l a Marne ( Chä lons-sur- Marne ).

G ray ,H .S t .G . ,1 933

' Tr ia l Excava t ions i n t he s o-ca l led Dan ish Camp a t Warha m , n r . We l ls , Nor fo lk ' , An t .J ., X I I , 3 97-413 .

G ray ,J .W . & Brewer , G .W . S ., 1 904

' Ev idences o f Anc ient Occupat ion o n C leeve H i l l , n ear Che ltenha m ' , PCNHFC , 1 5 ,1904 ,49-57 .

G r i mes ,W . F . ,1 951

' The J urass ic Way Across Eng land ' , p p . 1 44-171 i n A spects o f Archaeo logy a nd B eyond : e ssays p resented t o 0 . G . S . Crawford , e d . W . F . Gr i mes ( London , 1 951 ).

1 952

' Art o n B r it ish I ron Age Pot tery ' , PPS , XV I II , 1 60-175 .

H ard ing , D .W . ,1 972

' The I ron Age i n t he U pper T ha mes Bas in ' , ( Oxford , 1 972 ).

1 974

' The I ron Age i n L ow land Br ita in ' , ( London a nd B oston , 1 974 ).

H ardy , H .R . ,Curwen , E .C . & Hawkes , C .F . C.

' An I ron Age Pot tery s i te n ear Horsted Keynes ' , S x . AC , 7 8 ,253-265 .

1 937 H art ley , B .R . ,1 957

' The Wand lebury I ron Age H i l l-Fort Excava t ions , 1 955-6 ' , PCAS , 5 0 ,1-27 .

H ast ings , F .A . &

' Excava t ion o f a n I ron Age F ar mstead a t Hawk 's

C un lif fe , B . ,1 965 H awkes , C . F . C . ,1 939a

H i ll , Leatherhead ' , SAC , 6 2 ,1-43 . ' The Caburn Pot tery a nd i t s I mp l ica t ions ' , S x . AC , 8 0 ,217-262

1 939b

' The Pot tery f ro m Cast le H i l l , Newhaven ' , S x AC , 8 0 ,269-292 .

1 968

' Nev T hough ts o n t he B e lgae ' , An t iqu ity , XLII , 6 -16 .

H ead ,J . F . &P iggot t , C . M . ,1 944

' An I ron Age s i te a t B led low , B ucks ' , Rec . o f B ucks ., 1 4 ,189-209 .

J acobstha l , P . ,1 944

' Ear ly C e lt ic Art ', ( Oxford , 1 944 ).

K le in , W. G . ,& Sm ith ,

' Roman T e mp le a t Wor th ' , Ant .J . ,8 ,76-86 .

R .A . ,1 928

8 3

' Excavat ions a t Mount C aburn C amp , n ear

Lane-Fox , A . ,1 881

Lewes , c onducted i n S epte mber a nd October , 1 877 a nd J u ly , 1 878 ' , Archaeo log ia , 4 6 , 4 23-495 . ' Report o f t he Ha mpsh ire F ie ld C lub 's Excava-

L ide l l , D . M . ,1 937

t i ons o f Meon H i l l ', PHFC , X I I I , 7 -54 . Lowther , A . G .W . 4935 1 945

' Excavat ions a t Ewe l l i n 1 934 ', S AC , 4 3 ,17-35 . ' I ron Age Pot tery f ro m Wis ley , S urrey ' , PPS , 1 1 ,32-38 .

1 946

' Pot tery f ro m Mer le C o m mon , L impsf ie ld , S urrey S urrey ( June , 1 933 )' , SAC , 5 0 ,144-7 .

May ,J ., 1 964 & 5

Notes i n EMAB , n o 7( 1964 ), p .5 ; n o 8( 1965 ),p . 8 . ' Dragonby : A n I n ter i m Report o n E xcavat ion o f a n

1 970

I ron Age a nd Ro mano-Br it ish S i te n ear S cunthorpe , L inco lnsh ire ' , 1 964-9 ' , Ant .J ., 5 0 ,222-245 . Murray-Thre ip land , L .,

' An Excavat ion a t S t . Mawganin-Pyder , N orth C ornwa l l ' , A rch .J . ,1 13 ,33-81 .

1 956 Myres ,J .N . L . ,1 937

' A Preh istor ic a nd Ro man S ite a t Moun t F ar m , D orchester ', Oxon ., 2 ,12-40 .

1 969

' Ang lo-Saxon Pot tery a nd t he S et t le ment o f Eng land ' , ( Oxford , 1 969 ).

Oswa ld , F . ,1 948

' The C o m mandan t 's House a t Marg idunum ' , Not t ingha m U n iversity C o l lege , 1 948 .

Parsons ,W .J . & Curwen , E . C . , 1933 Peacock , D . P . S . ,1 969

' An Agr icu ltura l S et t le ment o n C har leston B row , n ear F in e B eacon , S x . AC , 7 4 ,164-180 . ' A c on tr ibut ion t o t he S tudy o f G lastonbury Ware f ro m S outh Western Br ita in ', A n t .J . ,4 9 ,41-62 .

P ic ,J .L . ,1 903

' S taroZ itnost i

z eme C esk e ' ,

D i l . I , S vazek , 2 ,

Prague , 1 903 . Po l l it t ,W . ,1 953

' Southend Be fore t he Nor man C onquest ' , p ub l ished b y S ou thend P ub l ic L ibrar ies & Museu ms C o mm it tee .

Rad ford , C . A .R . ,1 951

' Repor t o n t he E xcava t ions a t C ast le Dore ' , JR IC , New S er ies , v o l .1 , ( Append ix , 1 951 ).

Reader , F .W . ,1 909

' Report o f t he R ed H i l ls Excava t ion Co m m it tee , 1 906-7 ' , Proceed ings o f t he S oc ie ty o f An t iquari es o f L ondon , S econd S er ies , v o l .

R ichardson ,K . & Y oung ,A . ,1 951 Rodwe l l ,W .J . & Drury ,P . J . ,1 973

2 2 ,164-207 .

' An I ron Age A S ite o n t he Ch i lterns ', A n t .J . ,3 1 , 1 32-148 . ' Excava t ions a t Gun H i l l , W. T i lbury ', E ssex Archaeo logy a nd H istory , TEAS , 5 ,48-112 .

8 4

S avory , H .N . ,1 937

' An E ar ly I ron Age S et t le men t a t Long Wit tenh am , B erks ' , Oxon ., 2 ,1 -11 .

S chwappach , F . ,1 969

' S tempe lverz ier te Keram ik v on Ar mor ica t , S ond erdruck . F undber ich te a us Hessen . Be ihef t 1 ., F estschrof t D ehn .

1 971

' S tempe lverz ierte La f ene-Kera m ik a us d em R ingwa l l v on S t iCna ' , Arheö losk i V estn ik , A cta A rchaeo log ica , 2 0 ( I-XX I I , L jub l jana , 1 970-1 ( Acade m ia S c ien t iar ium e t Ar t ium S loven ica ) .

Sm i th ,R . A . ,1 924 Sm ith , V . G . , 1939

' Pot tery f inds a t Wis ley ' , An t .J ., 4 ,40-45 . ' I ron Age a nd Ro mano-Br it ish s i te a t S ea ford ' , S x . AC ., 8 0 , 2 93-305 .

S tan ford , S .C . ,1 972

' We lsh B order H i l l-for ts ' , i n ' The I ron Age i n t he I r ish S ea Prov ince ' ; p apers g iven a t aC .B .A . c onference i n C ard if f , 1 969 ; e d . C . T ho mas . C . B .A . R esearch R eport , 9 ,2 5-35 .

Wa inwr igh t ,G .J . ,1 973

' The Excava t ion o f Preh istor ic a nd R o manoB r it ish S e t t le ments a t E a ton Hea th , N orw ich ; A rch .J ., 1 30 , 1 -43 .

Ward-Perk ins ,J . ,1 938

' An E ar ly I ron Age

S i te a t C ray ford , Ken t ' .

PPS , 4 ,151-168 . Wo lse ley ,G .R . ,Sm ith , R . A .

&

H aw ley ,W . ,

' Preh istor ic a nd Ro man S et t le ments o n Park B row ', Archaeo log ia , 7 6 , 1 -40 .

1 927 Worsfo ld , F . H . ,1 948

' An E ar ly I ron Age s i te a t B orden ' , A rch . C an t . , LX I , 1 48-155 .

8 5

NOTES ON THE F IGURES ( The s ta mps i n t he r eg iona l c harts a re r eproduced a t 1 /1 a nd t he measurements g iven i n b rackets a re f or t he e xterna l d ia meters . T he s ource o f t he i l lustra t ions i s q uoted i n c ases where Ih ave e i ther n ot s een t he p ot tery o r h ave n ot p roduced a n o r ig ina l d raw ing .) ABBREV IAT IONS : A . M .

Ash molean Museu m , Ox ford

B . M .

Br it ish Museu m

B . M . L ewes

Barb ican Museu m , Lewes

C .U .M .A .E .

Ca mbr idge U n ivers ity Museu m o f Archaeo logy a nd E thnography

N . U . M .

Not t ingha m U n iversity Museu m

R . M .

Read ing Museu m

S .M .

Pr itt lewe l l Pr iory Museum , S outhend

S c .M .

S cunthorpe Museu m

F IGURE 1 . D istr ibu t ion o f S ta mp a nd Rou let te Decora ted La I l ene P ot tery i n E astern Eng land S ee Append ix If or d eta i ls o f s i tes , d ecorat ion a nd p ub l ished r eferences . F IGURE 2 . Ompha los J ars w ith S ta mped a nd Rou le t ted Arc Pa tterns S ee Append ix I f or d e ta i ls . F IGURE 3 . S ta mps a nd Pa t terns o n D ecora ted La T ene P ottery i n t he U pper T hames Reg ion :

A . Ear ly Per iod ;

S ta mps , ( S ) A .

B . Midd le P er iod .

1 C h innor ( 4 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig . 9 , n os 2 9 &3 0 . 2 A l len 's P it ( 9 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le ,

F ig . 9 , n o 2 7 .

3 i b ( 11 .5 m ms ), F ig .9 , n o 2 1 . 4 C h innor ( 4 mms ), 1 e xa mp le , n ot i l lustrated , ( B . M . 1 954 .10 .1 .28 ). 5 B lewburton ( 8 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig . 9 , n o 1 0 . C h innor ( 8 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , n ot i l lustrated , ( B . M . 1 954 .10 .1 .19 ). 6 S tand lake ( 9 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , Hard ing , 1 972 , P l .4 7F . Meon H i l l ( 9 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , L ide l l , 1 937 , p .28 , P . 1 79 . 7 A l len 's P it ( 11 mms ), 2 e xa mp les , B radford , 1 942b , p .46 , F ig .11 , n os 6 & 1 6 . 8 L ong Wit tenha m ( 4m ms ), 3 e xa mp les , S avory , 1 937 , p .5 , F ig .2 , n os 1 1 ,12 & 1 4 . 9 Mount F ar m ( 14 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , Myres , 1 937 , p .31 , F ig . 7 , n o

.

8 6

1 0

B lewbur ton ( 18 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig . 9 , n o 7& R . M . ( BBTN E-2/3 .300 .47 ).

1 1 & 1 2

B lewburton ( 8 m ms 8 /1 1 m ms ), 1 3 e xa mp les ,

F ig . 9 , n os 2 ,5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,12 ,13 & 1 6 ; Co l l ins , 1 947 , p .16 , F ig . 8 , n o 1 ; Brad ford , 1 942a , p .101 , F ig .2 , n o 3 9 & F ig . 4 , n o 4 6 ; R . M . ( BBTN 2 24 .49 & BBTN 2 64 .49 ). Ch innor ( 9 m ms ), 5 e xa mp les , F ig . 9 , n os 2 4-26 & 2 8 ; B . M . ( 1954 .10 .1 .16 ) n ot i l lustra ted . B .

1 3

B lewbur ton , 1e xa mp le , F ig . 9 , n o 1 0 .

1 4

F r i lford ( 5 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig .10 , n os 1 2 &1 3 .

1 5

Yarnton ( 6 m ms ), F ig . 1 0 , n o 1 0 . F r i lford ( 6 m ms ), F ig . 1 0 , n o 3 .

1 6

Hat ford ( 4 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig . 1 0 , n o 1 1 .

1 7

B lewbur ton ( 4 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .10 , n o 1 5 .

Fr i lford ( 5 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .10 , n o 1 4 .

Pat terns , ( P ) A .

1 C h innor , Oxon ., F ig . 9 , n o 1 . 2 B lewbur ton H i l l , Berks ., F ig . 9 , n o 6 . 3 i b ., F ig .9 , n o 2 0 ( wh ite i n lay ). 4 i b ., F ig . 9 , n o 5 . 5 i b ., F ig .9 , n o 4( wh ite i n lay ).

B .

6 i b ., F ig .10 , n o 2 . 7 Hat ford , B erks ., F ig .10 , n o 1 1 . 8 B lewbur ton H i l l , F ig .10 , n o 8 . 9 Cass ing ton East , Oxon ., F ig .10 , n o 5 ; F r i lford , B erks ., Hard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 7D ( 4 p endant a rcs ). 1 0

Hat ford , F ig .10 , n o 4 ; Cherbury Ca mp , Oxon ., Hard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 7C ( 2 f la t f lat t oo led l i nes a bove p endant a rcs ).

1 1

F r i lford , F ig .10 , n o 3 .

1 2

i b ., F ig .10 , n o 1 .

1 3

Yarn ton , Oxon ., F ig . 1 0 , n o 1 0 .

F IGURE 4 S ta mps , R ou lette t ypes a nd P a t terns o n D ecorated La T ene Pot tery i n t he S ussex Reg ion . S ta mps , ( S )

1C har leston B row ( 5 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig . 1 1 , n o 1 1 a nd o n sma l l r im ; 1e xa mp le ; Parsons a nd Curwen , 1 933 , p .171 , F ig .16 ; S a ltdean ( 5 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , F ig .11 , n o 1 0 ; Cast le H i l l , Newhaven ( 6 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig . 1 2 , n os 2 & 3 ; S ea ford ( 6 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig . 1 2 , n o 5( t h icker c irc let ); Horsted Keynes ( 4 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig . 1 1 , n o 6 .

8 7

2 L it t le Horsted Lane ( 8 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .11 ,n o2 . 3 Caburn ( 4 m ms ), 4 e xa mp les , F ig .12 , n os 7 ,10-12 . 4 K ingston Buc i ( 8 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .11 , n o 7 . 5 Broadwater ( 3 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le ,

F ig .12 , n o 1 6 ;

Horsted Keynes ( 3 mms ), 3 e xa mp les , F ig .11 , n os 3 , 8& 9 . 5 a

Larger d i mp le s tamps . C h idd ingstone ( 12 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .12 , n o 1 3 ; Cast le H i l l , Newhaven ( 12 m ms ),

F ig .12 , n o 1 ;

Caburn ( 12 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig .12 , n os 1 0 &1 1 ; Char leston Brow ( 6m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , Parsons & Curwen , 1 933 , p .171 , F igs .13 & 1 4 . 6 Mer le C o m mon , t r ip le r ow o f s ing le r ou let t ing , Lowther , 1 947 , p .145 , F ig .5 ; Anst iebury , 1s herd w ith s ing le r ow o f r ou let t ing ( AN 7 2/IA/7 ); Horsted Keynes , 5p ots d ec . w ith s ing le r ou let te ( 1mm s quare ); F ig .11 , n os 1 ,4-6 & 8 . S a ltdean , 1p ot d ec . w ith s ing le r ou let te ( 1m m s quare ), F ig .11 , n o 1 0 ; Broadwater , 1s herd d ec . w ith r ou let te ( ? ), ( 2 m ms s quare ), Worth ing Museu m , 3 018 . 7 K ingston Buc i , sma l l s ing le r ou let te ( 0 .5 m ms ), F ig .11 , n o 7 . Pa t terns ,

( P )

1 Horsted Keynes , W .S ussex , F ig .11 , n os 1 & 4 . 2i b ., F ig .11 , n o 8 ; Caburn , E .S ussex , F ig .12 , n o 6( probab ly w ithou t d i mp les ). 3S a ltdean , E .S ussex , F ig .11 , n o 6 ; Cast le H i l l , Newhaven , E . S ussex ,

F ig .12 , n os 2 & 3

( arcs s pr ing ing f ro m 1 & 3 c irclets ). 4 Horsted Keynes , F ig .11 , n o 6& F ig .12 , n o 4 . 5L it t le Horsted Lane , E . S ussex , F ig .11 n o 2 . 6H orsted Keynes , F ig .11 , n o 9 , F ig .11 , n o 3( 2 p endant d i mp les ). 7K ingston Buc i , W. S ussex , F ig .11 , n o 7 . 8 Char leston Brow , E .S ussex , F ig .11 , n o 1 1 ; S ea ford , E . S ussex , F ig .12 , n o 5 . 9 Broadwa ter , W .S ussex , F ig . 1 2 , n o 1 6 . 1 0 Park Brow , W. S ussex , F ig .11 , n o 1 2 ; Caburn , F ig .12 , n o 8 . 1 1 Caburn , r econstructed f ro m 2 s herds F ig .12 , n os 1 0,7, 1 2 . Notes o n Pa t terns Ps . 1 ,3 ,4 ,7 & 9 a re o n l arge g lobu lar ompha los ( ? ) j ars ; Ps .2 ,5 & 6 a re o n r ound-shou ldered f oot-r ing j ars ; Ps . 1 0 & 1 1 a re o n s aucepan-type p ots .

8 8

F IGURE 5 S ta mps , Rou let te t ypes a nd Pat terns o n D ecorated La T ene Pot tery i n t he T ha mes Estuary a nd Lower T ha mes Bas in S ta mps ,

( S )

1 Muck ing ( 5-7 m ms ), c . 6e xa mp les , F ig .14 , n os 1 ,2 ,4-6 &1 3 ( ? ) ; C rayford ( ? n o s ca le ), 1 s herd , n ot a va i lab le , WardPerk ins , 1 938 , p .163 , F ig .9 , n o 5 ; Hawk 's H i ll ( 3-4 m ms ), 3 e xa mp les , Hast ings a nd Cun lif fe , 1 965 , p .28 , F ig .12 , n os 1 8-20 . 2 Muck ing ( 6-7 m ms ), c . 3e xa mp les , F ig .14 , n o 8 ; Canewdon ( 6 m ms ), 3 e xa mp les , F ig . 1 3 , n os 6 & 9 ; ( 9 m ms ), P o l l it t , 1 953 , p .65 , P l . XX , b ot to m ; Nor Marsh ( 6m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 2 1 . 3 Muck ing ( 10-11 m ms ), 5 e xa mp les , F ig .14 , n os 1 ,2 ,4 (? ), 5& 7 . 4 Muck ing ( 13-15 m ms ), 3 d i f ferent e xa mp les o n s a me p ot , 1 w ith a c en tra l d ot , F ig .1 3 , n os 2 & 2 b . 5 C rayford ( 9m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .1 3 , n o 7 . 6 Canewdon ( 1 1 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig . 1 3 , n o 6 ; Nor Marsh ( 10 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 2 1 . 7 Muck ing ( 15m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 1 0 ; Grea t Waker ing ( 17 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .1 3 , n o 3 . 8 B orden ( 15 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .1 3 , n o 8 . 9 i b ., ( 9 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 2 0 . 1 0 1 1

L ower Ha lst ow ( 17 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 1 8 . Muck ing ( 5 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 1 7 ; E sher h as a v ery l arge d i mp le s ta mp ( c .20 m ms ), Burche l l & F rere , 1 947 , p .38 , F ig .1 6 , n o 1 0 .

1 2

Muck ing , 1e xa mp le , e i ther s ing le s ta mp o r r ou let te , F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 2 .

1 3

i b ., 1 e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 1 6 ; C anvey , l i near s tabbed t r iang les , F ig . 1 3 , n o 5 .

1 4

Ewe l l , 1e xamp le , F ig .14 , n o 1 1 .

1 5

Nor Marsh , 1e xa mp le , F ig .14 , n o 2 1; Muck ing , 2s herds d ec . w ith r eversed Z r ou let te ( Mrs . M . U . J ones ); (W ick ford , B eaucha mps h as t wo s herds w ith d oub le s quaret oothed r ou le tt ing b ut Ih ave n ot s een t he m . ( W . J . Rodwe l l .)

Pa t terns ,

( P )

1 Wick ford , B eaucha mps , E ssex , 1s herd w ith d oub le s quaret oothed r ou le tt ing , W .J . Rodwe l l . Gun H il l , W. T i lbury , E ssex , 1s herd w ith d oub le l i near d ots d ots , F ig .13 , n o 4 . 2 Canewdon , E ssex , 1c o mp lete p ot w ith g roups o f t hree c ircu lar s tamps i n u pper a nd l ower r eserved z ones , 4 (? ) i nter lock ing a rcs , F ig . 1 3 , n o 9 .

8 9

N or Marsh , Kent , 3 sma l l a nd 1 l arge c ircu lar s tamps i n b oth u pper a nd l ower r eserved z ones , Zr ou let t ing , F ig .14 , n o 2 1 . Langenhoe , E ssex , 1a l most c o mp lete p o t w ith s ing le c ircu lar s ta mp i n b oth u pper a nd l ower r eserved z ones ( 3 i n o ne l ower z one o n ly ), 6 i nter lock ing a rcs ,

F ig .1 3 ,

n os 1 & l a . C rayford , Kent , 1s herd w ith a pparent ly 1 c ircu lar s ta mp i n t he r eserved z ones , Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .165 , F ig . 9 , n o 5 . Great Waker ing , E ssex , 1f rag mentary p ot w ith 1 l arge c ircu lar s ta mp i n r eserved z ones , 4 (? ) i n ter lock ing a rcs , F ig .14 , n o 2 1 . 3 C anewdon , 1f rag mentary p ot w ith t hree c ircu lar s ta mps i n u pper z ones a nd 1 i n l ower z ones , P o l l it t , 1 953 , p .6 5 , b ot to m . 4 Muck ing , E ssex , 1p ot , c entra l r eserved z one u ndecora ted , w ith g roups o f t hree c ircu lar s ta mps b e low a nd t wo a bove i t , 5p endant a rcs , F ig . 1 3 , 2& 2 b . 5 C anewdon , 1p otwith2 sma l l a nd 1 l arger c ircu lar s ta mp i n b oth u pper a nd l ower r eserved z ones . T he f la t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p at tern i s i rregu lar a s t he u pward c ont inua t ion o f t he a rc i s p resen t i n a l l b u t o ne , wh i le t he d ownward c ont inuat ion i s o n o n ly 5 o f t he t ota l 1 2 i n terl ock ing a rcs , F ig . 1 3 , n o 6 . 6 C anvey I s land , 1s herd , F ig . 1 3 , n o 5 . T h is c ou ld b e e ither a r ounde l o r ac o mp lex s tand ing a rc , c p . F ig . 1 7 , n o 1( Ancaster ), F ig . 1 6 , n o 8 (Dragonby ) & Meare P l . I , P .143 . 7 Canvey I s land , 1s herd , f lat t oo ling a nd l i near d ots , Rodwe l l , 1 973 , F ig .14 , n o 4 6 . 8 C rayford , 1p ot w ith c irc lets a rranged i n a pparent r ando m manner . Notes o n Pat terns Ps . 1 -5 & 7( ? ) o ccur o n ompha los j ars ; P s . 2 , 6( ? ) & 8o ccur o n f ootr ing j ars .

9 0

F IGURE 6 S ta mps a nd R ou let te T ypes o n D ecorated L a T ene Pot tery i n t he L inco lns h ire Reg ion S ta mps ,

( S )

1 D ragonby ( 5-6 m ms ), 3 e xa mp les ( 1 R . B? ), F ig . 1 7 , n o 5 , ( DR 7 0 CGJ , DR 6 6 AL , DR 7 1 BT ). 2 i b ., ( 6-8 mms ), 3 e xa mp les , F ig .18 , n os 1 & 1 5 , ( DR 6 9 ZB , DR 7 3 LN , DR 7 3 GJ ). Ancaster ( 6 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , ( AC 6 7 GN ). 3 D ragonby ( 1 1. 8m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , F ig .18 , n o 8 , ( DR 7 0 NC , DR 7 0 KE ). 4 D ragonby ( 9-10 .5 m ms ), 9 e xa mp les , 6w ith i den t ica l s ta mp i mpress ion , F ig . 1 6 , n o 7 ; F ig . 1 7 , n o 6 ; F ig .18 , n os 2 & 1 1 , ( DR 6 6 ?X0 , DR CV , DR 6 6 E J , DR 6 7 SM , AG , DR 6 6 OY , DR 7 0 BXO , DR 6 6 KO , DR 7 2 GD , DR 6 6 KS ) . Ancaster ( 11 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , s a me p ot(? ) ( AC 6 4J Z ). K ir m i ,ngton ( 8 .5 m ms ) , 2e xa mp les ,(K MAA ) &G .Tay lor E sq . 5 D ragonby ( 1 1 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , ( DR 7 0 BG W ). 6 O ld S leaford ( 12 . 5m ms ) , 3e xa mp les w ith i dent ica l s ta mp impress ions , 2f ro m s a me p ot , F ig .18 , n o 3( OS B 5 1 88 , OS A6 1 75 , O S B 5 1 49 ). Ancaster ( 12 . 5m ms ), 2 i dent ica l e xa mp les , F ig .18 , n o 1 0 , c ou ld b e i den t ica l w ith O ld S lea ford s ta mps , ( AF 7 3 EK , AF 7 3 DH ). 7 Dragonby ( 8 m ms ), 1 2 e xa mp les f ro m 3 p ots , a l l i dent ica l , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 8 ; F ig .18 , n o 6 , ( DR 6 9 ABA , DR 7 2 TG , DR 7 0 YA & 8 o thers f ro m s a me p ot ). O ld S lea ford ( 9 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .16 , n o 1 0 . 8 Dragonby ( 10 m ms ), 2 i dent ica l e xa mp les f ro m s a me p ot? , F ig .18 , n o 4 , ( DR 7 2 AM I , DR 7 3 NS ). 9 O ld S leaford ( 7 . 5m ms ), 4 i dent ica l e xa mp les f ro m s a me p ot?, F ig .18 n o 7 , ( OS A 6 1 89 , O S A 6 1 75 , 3s herds ). Ancaster ( 10 m ms? ), 1 b ad ly a braded & u neven e xa mp le o n c oarse ware , ( AG 7 3 EG ). K ir m ing ton ( 8-11 m ms ), 4 s tamped s herds , G . T ay lor E sq . F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 1 . 1 0 1 1

Dragonby ( 11 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le , F ig .18 , n o 1 4 , ( DR 6 4 I F ). Dragonby ( 4-5 m ms ), 2 e xa mp les , ( DR 6 6 CK , DR 7 0 AF W ). Ancaster ( 4-5 m ms ), 7 e xa mp les , F ig .17 , n os 7 ,15 ,16 & 1 7 , ( AC 6 4 AO , AF 6 7 HQ & HR , AC 6 7 JF , AC 6 8 EW , AC 6 8 G I & GN , AC 6 8 EL , AC 6 8 Fl y ). O ld S lea ford , 8e xa mp les o f sma l l d i mp le s ta mp . Ewerby ( 4-5 m ms ), F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 4 . S apperton ( c . 5m ms ), 3 i mperfect e xa mp les , SA A 8 . I ngo ldme l ls (5 & 2 . 5m ms ), 2 s ta mps s uper i mposed .

1 2

Dragonby ( 6m ms ), 6 e xa mp les , 2i dent ica l , F ig .18 , n o 9 , ( DR 7 1 BGJ , DR 7 1 BVK , DR 7 1 BVJ , DR 6 9 AST , DR 7 0 AAK , DR 6 4 CH ).

9 1

Ancaster ( 7 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , ( AC 6 7 G J ). K irm ing ton ( 6 m ms ) ,

s im i lar t o F ig .1 8 , n o 9b u t w ith

r ou let ted l i nes . G . T ay lor E sq . 1 3

D ragonby ( 8 m ms ), 4 e xa mp les , 2i den t ica l ,

F ig .1 6 , n o

4 , ( DR 6 6 KO , DR 7 2 BQK , DR 6 4 LP , DR 7 2 AZN ) . 1 4

D ragonby ( 2 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , p oss ib ly made w ith t he h o l low a nd s o l id e nds o f t he s a me p lan t s ta lk , F ig . 1 8 , n o 5 , ( DR CV ).

C p , F ig . 1 4 , n o 1 5 , d o t ted r ose t te f ro m

Muck ing ; Gray 1 933 , p .411 , F ig . 5 , n o 2 1 , r ose t te f ro m Wareha m , N or fo lk , a nd Har t ley , 1 957 , F ig . 8 , n o 3 6 , r ose t te ( ? ) f ro m Wand lebury . 1 5

D ragonby ( 4 m ms ), 1 e xa mp le emphas is ing l ozenge p a tt ern , ( DR 7 0 CAU ).

1 6

D ragonby ( he igh t 9m ms ) , 1e xa mp le , F ig . 1 8 , n o 1 2 , ( DR 6 9 GN ).

1 7

D ragonby , 1e xamp le , F ig . 1 8 , n o 1 7 ( DR 6 9 P J ) .

1 8

D ragonby , 2e xa mp les , s a me pt ( ? ) , F ig . 1 8 , n os 1 8 &

1 9

D ragonby , 1e xamp le ( he igh t l l m ms ) , ( DR 7 1 AP G ).

2 0

D ragonby , 1e xa mp le ( he igh t 1 9 m ms ), F ig . 1 8 , n o 2 0 ,

2 0 , ( DR 6 4 MT , DR 7 0 A IT ) . F ig . 1 8 , n o 1 9 ,

( DR 7 1 BLB ). 2 1

D ragonby , 1e xa mp le ( he igh t 1 1 .5 m ms ) , F ig . 1 8 , n o 1 3 , ( DR 7 0 BYZ ).

A s im i lar s ta mp o ccurs a t Muck ing o n a

whee l t hrown p ot , C amu lodunu m 2 58 , a nd a t C o lchester o n at azza . 2 2

D ragonby , 2e xa mp les ( he igh t 8m ms ) , t h is s tamp o ccurs a s i l lustra ted a nd a rranged i n av er t ica l c hevron ( DR 6 8 S J & DR 7 0 SV ) .

2 3

O ld S lea ford , 2e xamp les , r ow o f impressed c rescent ic h o l lows w ith in f i ne g rooved l ines i n ah or izonta l c ordon ( OS B 3 41 V I I I

2 4

,O S B3 72 V I I I

) .

O ld S lea ford , ( 20 mms ) , f la t d i mp le s tamp i n g roup o f t hree o n at h ick , c oarse g r i t ted s herd ( OS A 5 87 Q J 3® ) .

2 5 S apperton , ( 13 .5 m ms i n terna l ly , e xter ior i ndeterm inate ), 1 s tamp o n c oarse ware s herd w ith l arge a nd p ro fuse s he l l f i l ler . 2 6

D ragonby , ( 16 m ms ) , 1e xa mp le o n c oarse ware s herd w ith l arge a nd p rofuse s he l l f i l ler ( DR 6 9 EC ).

2 7

T h is i s t he c o m monest r ou let te t ype o ccurr ing a t a l l t he L inco lnsh ire s i tes . T he l eng th o f t he t ee th v ar ies f ro m 0 .9 - 1 . 6m ms . T he w hee l u sed i s u sua l ly d oub le r owed a l though s ing le r owed whee ls o ccur .

2 8

D ragonby , t h is v ery sma l l s ing le r owed r ou let te i s r are a nd o ccurs o n t hree s herds ( DR 7 2 BDX , DR 6 7 LX , t h ick s herd w ith v ery l arge s he l l f i l ler , DR 7 1 EM , f ine ware w ith s and f i ller R . B . ? ) .

2 9

D ragonby , t h is l arge s ing le r owed r ou let te o ccurs o n ly o n l arge c oarse ware j ars w ith in f l a t c ordons ( DR 6 6 E I , DR 6 3 C 7 , DR 6 3 A 6B , DR 6 5 KS , DR 6 6 BH , FQ e tc .).

N otes o n s tamps S s .

1 -15 a re u sed g enera l ly a s p art o f c urv i l inear p a t terns a nd , l ess o f ten , a s p ar ts o f r ect i l inear p a t terns .

S s . 1 6-23 a re u sed o n ly w ith in c ordons a nd u sua l ly o n t h ick , c oarse ware . S s . 2 4-26 a re o n ly u sed o n t h ick c oarse ware . S .

1 1

i s o f ten u sed b etween v ert ica l t oo led l i nes a nd i s v ir tua l ly e xc lus ive t o t he r ect i l inear t ypes o f p a t tern .

F IGURE 7 Pa t terns o n D ecora ted La T ene P ot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion , I . ( A l l t he L inco lnsh ire r ou let t ing i s s quaretoothed a nd h ere r eferred t o a s ' rou let t ing ' .) P a t tern ,

( P )

1 D ragonby , s evera l e xamp les , b urn ish ing w ith in ' l eaves ' a nd d oub le r ou le t t ing o n o ne s ide o f f l a t t oo led l i ne . Pa t tern u sed o n g lobu lar ompha los j ars , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 ( DR 6 6 HX , S cunthorpe Museum ) . A s econd g lobu lar ompha los j ar w ith r o l led r im h as a s i mp le f l a t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern a nd t he ' backg round ' i s b urn ished ( DR 6 7 J E ). O ld S lea ford , p a t tern o n f oot-r ing j ar . S i mp le f l a t t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern w ith ' background ' b urn ished a nd t hree sma l l d i mp le s ta mps a t i n tersect ions o f a rcs . D oub le r ou le t t ing b etween f l a t t oo led l i nes a bove a nd b e low p a t tern z one , F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 3 , ( OS A 6 1 80 ) . 1s herd f rom g lobu lar j ar h as a n a pparent i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern w ith d oub le r ou let ted ' i n f i l l ing ' , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 6 , ( OS 8 89 ). 2 D ragonby , e xa mp les f ro m 2 o r 3g lobu lar p ots . L arge d i mp le s tamps , ' l eaves ' , h igh ly b urn ished , F ig . 1 6 , n o 4 , ( DR 6 4 LP , DR 7 2 BQK , DR 7 2 AZN ) . 3 O ld S lea ford , s evera l e xa mp les f ro m l arge g lobu lar j ars . ' Leaves ' s omet i mes l i ght ly b urn ished , r ou le t t ing b etween p ara l le l t oo led l i nes , F ig . 1 6 , n os 1 0 &1 3 , ( OS 1 89 B 5 , O S 2 52 B 5 ). 4 D ragonby , 1ompha los j ar . 2z ones o f d ecora t ion w ith f la t t oo led l i nes a nd l i near d o ts . ' Lea f ' b urn ish ing , F ig . 1 6 , n o 2 , ( DR 7 2 ALX ). O ld S lea ford , f oot-r ing ( ? ) j ar h as t oo led i n ter lock ing a rc p a t tern w ith t oo led c hevron p a t tern i n s econd z one a bove . V ery c rude ly e xecu ted , ( OS B 5 2 10 ) .

9 3

5 K ir m ington , 1s herd . Z one b etween c hevron a nd s tandi ng a rc s l ight ly b urn ished . S ing le l ine o f r ou let t ing emphas is ing t oo led l i ne , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 4 , ( K MAA ); 2s herds w ith p robab le s tand ing a rc p a t tern w ith t oo led l ine a nd r ou let t ing , G . T ay lor E sq . 6 Dragonby , 1s herd f ro m g lobu lar j ar . P endant a rc ( ? ) a nd p oss ib le s econd z one o f d ecorat ion b e low , F ig . 1 6 , n o 6 , ( DR 6 4 I F ).

N ote t he p ara l le l o f s ta mps a nd

p at tern w ith B lewbur ton H i l l . 7 Dragonby , p endan t a rc , d oub le r ou let t ing a lone ; sma l l r ounded b ow l , F ig . 1 7 , n o 6 , ( DR 6 6 OY ). 8 Dragonby , 1s herd , sma l l r ounded b ow l , d oub le r ou let ted wavy l i ne p at tern a nd a g roup o fp robab ly more t han t hree c irc lets , F ig . 1 7 , n o 5 , ( DR 7 0 CGJ ). 9 Dragonby , d oub le r ou le t ted wavy l ine p a t tern o n sma l l j ar , F ig .17 , n o 1 8 , ( DR 6 5 WI2 ). S econd e xa mp le f ro m g lobu lar j ar , mu lt ip le d oub le r ou let t ing i n f ree wavy l i ne p a t tern ,

F ig . 1 6 , n o 5 , ( DR

6 7 AEH ). 1 0

D ragonby , r ounde l , t oo led a nd w ith d oub le r ou let t ing . S urround ings i nd ist inct , c ou ld b e a rcs o r c hevrons . G lobu lar j ar . C p . Meare P l . I ,

Ps . 1 43 & 2 0 , Bu l le id

& Gray , 1 953 , a nd C anvey , Rodwe l l , 1 973 , F ig . 1 4 , n o 4 5 S econd e xa mp le w ith t races o f r ou let ted p at tern s urroundi ng r ounde l ( ? ). F ig .16 , n o 1 5 , ( DR 7 0 APC ). 1 1

D ragonby , c on jectura l r econstruct ion b ased o n s evera l s herds .

Poss ib le wavy l i ne w ith a lterna te ' pendan t a rcs '

b ear ing t he ' l eaf ' mo t if , F ig . 1 6 , n o 5( DR 7 2 GD , DR 6 4 BD , I V , B I , I F ).

C p . G lastonbury , P l . LXXXV I I I , P 310 ,

Bu l le id & Gray , 1 917 . 1 2

Ancaster , 1e xa mp le f ro m s tra ight s ided j ar . C o mp lex o r t r ip le s tand ing a rc . R ou let t ing w ith in p ara l le l t oo led l i nes . T hree o f t hese c o mp lex a rcs wou ld h ave c overed t he who le p ot .

S econd e xa mp le o n sma l l s herd ( AC 7 3 CH ). F ig . 1 7 ,

n o 1 , ( AC 6 7 JF ). O ld S leaford , c o mpressed i nter lock ing a rc o rd oub le c o mp lex s tand ing a rc , s tra ight s ided s herd , F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 0 , ( OS 4 82 ). D ragonby , 2p ossib le e xa mp les f ro m 2 d i f ferent p ots . 1 h as s ta mped c irc lets a t t he a pex o f ap oss ib le c o mp lex s tand ing a rc , ( DR 6 4 MY & DR 6 6 LS ). Notes o n Pat terns P s . P s . P . P s .

1 -5 & 9 -11 o ccur o n g lobu lar ( ? ) ompha los j ars ; 6 -9 1 2

o ccur o n r ound s hou ldered f oot r ing j ars a ndbow ls : o ccurs o n s tra ight-s ided j ars ;

1& 7 -10 a re Phase Ia t Dragonby .

9 4

F IGURE 8 P a t terns o n d ecora ted L a T ene P ot tery i n t he L inco lnsh ire Reg ion , I . P a t terns ,

( P ) 1 3

D ragonby , d oub le r ou le t t ing o n e i ther s ide o f t oo led l ine ; s evera l e xamp les o n g lobu lar p ots , ( DR 7 0 AA , DR 6 6 EH ) ; a lso 2 s herds w ith r ou let ted l ozenge p a t tern , ( DR 6 4 MW , DR 6 5 MY ).

1 4

D ragonby , 4s herds , d oub le r ou le t t ing o n o ne s ide o f f la t t oo led l i ne . B urn ish ing w ith in v er t ica ls a nd d iagona ls o f p a t tern . R a ised c ordon a bove w ith d iagona l r ou le t t ing , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 2 , ( DR 6 8 AKJ , DR 6 9 TM , DR 7 1 AJV , DR 7 2 AQH ).

1 5

O ld S lea ford , v ery c o m mon p a t tern . C hevron w ith p ara ll e l f l a t t oo led l i nes e nc los ing d oub le r ou let t ing , c o mb ined w ith o ne d i mp le s ta mp o r g roups o f t hree , F ig .1 7 , n o 1 4 , ( OS A 6 1 75 ) , f oot-r ing , ( OS C 2 2 5 , O S 6 24 & 6 25 ) , g lobu lar p ots . A ncaster , v ery c o m mon p a t tern , F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 5 , ( AC 6 8 FT ). S l igh t v ar ia t ion , F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 6 , ( AC 6 8 GN & G I ) , a nd s evera l s herds .

1 6

A ncaster , 1s herd f ro m g lobu lar p ot , p oss ib le c hevron a s P 18 .

D oub le r ou let t ing w ith in p ara l le l t oo led l i nes ,

F ig .1 6 , n o 9 , ( AC 6 8 EL ). 1 7

D ragonby , 2e xa mp les , p a t tern o n ly r ou let ted , c ou ld b e e i ther c hevron o r l ozenge , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 7 , ( DR 6 7 SM & AG ) a nd s im i lar w ith s ta mped c irc let u nder a pex o f c hevr on , ( DR CV ) . B oth s herds f ro m g lobu lar p ots .

1 7a

D ragonby , af ur ther p a t tern n ot i n c har t i s t he h err ing b one f orm ing a v er t ica l z ig-zag p a t tern o n g lobu lar j ars . T he c hevron i s c arr ied o u t e i ther i n d oub le r ou let t ing a lone o r w ith i nc ised l i nes b etween t he r ou le t t ing , ( DR 6 6 HR , DR 6 3 MA , DR 7 1 CR ) . Ancaster , 1e xa mp le w ith t hree sma l l d i mp les a t a pex o f r ou let ted c hevron , s ha l low r ounded b ow l , F ig . 1 7 , n o 7 , ( AF 6 7 HR ). I ngo ldme l ls , t he p a t tern o n sma l l ompha los b ow l h as s o me a f f in it ies .

1 8

A ncaster , p oss ib ly s im i lar t o P .16 , b u t o n s ha l low , whee l made f oo t r ing j ar , F ig .1 7 , n o 1 7 , ( AC 6 8 EW ). O ld S lea ford , 1s herd f ro m g lobu lar j ar w ith d iagona ls b etween u pr igh ts i nstead o f c hevrons . Pa t tern i n l ower z one w ith p oss ib le c hevron p a t tern i n u pper z one ( OS B 1 3 5 ) . S econd e xamp le f ro m r ounded f oot r ing b ow l , h asty a nd c rude v ers ion o f p a t tern , F ig . 1 7 , n o 3 , ( OS B 5 2 10 ).

9 5

1 9

Dragonby , c ordon p a t tern . A lso t r iang le , c rescen t a nd r eversed c rescent s ta mps , F ig . 1 8 , n os 1 6-20 , ( DR 6 4 MT , DR 7 0 A IT , DR 6 9 P J , DR 7 1 APG , DR 7 1 BLB ).

2 0

Dragonby , v ery c om mon p a t tern o n r a ised c ordons , o f ten w ithout i nc ised l i nes . Two o r more r a ised c ordons o n ( ? ) p edesta l u rns w ith d iagona l r ou le t t ing i n o ppos ing d irect ions , F ig .17 ,n os 8& 9 , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 7 ,( DR 6 5 YF , DR 6 9 BZ , DR 7 1 CCZ , DR 7 1 BMT ) a nd many more s herds . Rare ly t h is c ordon p a t tern o ccurs o n g lobu lar j ars ( DR 7 3 CT ).

1e xamp le o n w ide mou thed u rn s im i lar t o

F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 8 , a nd a pparent ly c over ing t he who le p ot , ( DR 6 9 HZ ). 2 1-24

Dragonby , a l l c o me f ro m t he s a me p ot w h ich i s a ppare nt ly u n ique , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 8 .

Notes o n Pat terns P s . 1 3-17 & 1 7a o ccur o n g lobu lar j ars ; P .

1 7

o ccurs a lso o n sma l l ompha los b ow l a t I ngo ldme l ls a nd o n al arger , p ossib le ompha los b ow l a t Ancaster ;

P .

1 8

o ccurs o n ly o n f oot r ing j ars f ro m Ancas ter a nd O ld S lea ford ;

P .

2 0

o ccurs o nr a ised c ordons o f ( ? ) p edesta l u rns . a nd w ide-mouthed u rns .

Notes o n d ecora ted Bases Dragonby h as o ne e xamp le o f ar ou let ted c ross p a t tern o n a b ase w ith a c ircu lar s tamp p laced c entra l ly , F ig . 1 7 , n o 1 1 , ( DR 7 0 ABY ).

A s econd b ase h as a f lat t oo led c ross a nd

c oncave d ia mond p at tern emphas ised b y l i near d ots , ( DR 7 1 AYX ) O ld S lea ford h as a r ou let ted b ase s herd w h ich i s p ar t o f wha t c ou ld b e ac ross p at tern ( OS 9 69 ).

F IGURE 9 B ow ls a nd S herds i n t he U pper T ha mes R eg ion : E ar ly La T ene Per iod 1

C h innor , Oxon ., o u ter f ace b rown , b urn ished ; p at tern l i near d ots . A . M . a nd ( not i l lustra ted ) 1s herd f ro m v ery s i mi lar p ot , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed ; i nner f ace b rown ; v ery f i ne f i l ler . B . M . ,( 1954 .10 .1. 1 4 ).

2

B lewburton H i l l , B erks ., o uter f ace b rown-grey , b urn ished ; c ore g rey/ b lack ; i nner f ace smooth b lack ; p a t tern p r icked w ith w h ite i n lay . R . M ., ( 16 .42 ).

9 6

3 E l lesborough , B ucks ., p a ttern o f l i near d ots a nd wavy l i nes i nc ised a f ter f i r ing ( ? ). S ource : Head & P iggot t , 1 944 , p .208 , F ig . V . 4

B lewbur ton H i l l , smooth , b r ick r ed h ae ma t ite c oa ted , c irc les i nc ised b efore f i r ing a nd c o mp lete ly s y m metr ica l , d ot ted p at tern w ith wh ite i n lay . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .104 , F ig . 5 , n o 4 9 . Now m iss ing .

5

B lewbur ton H i l l , p at tern o f s ta mped r oset tes , p endant a rcs i nd iv idua l ly a pp l ied . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .9 9 , F ig . 1 , n o 2 4 . Now m issing .

6

B lewbur ton H i l l , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore b rown/grey/brown ; i nner f ace d ark b rown . T h in r ed l ayer i n p laces j ust b e low o uter s ur face . Outer f ace a braded , i nner f ace o f n eck b urn ished . F i l ler f i ne c rushed f l int/she l l , p rofuse . 2s ta mped r oset tes o f d i f ferent s izes , s quaret oothed r ou lett ing/co mb . R .M . ( BBTN 3 00 .4 7 ).

7 B lewbur ton H i l l , o uter f ace d ark b rown-red ; c ore s im i lar . 2s eparate c ircu lar r oset te s ta mps . R . M . ( BBTN 1 26 .49 ). 8

B lewbur ton H i l l , s ta mped r oset te . S ource , B rad ford , 1 942a , p .103 , F ig .4 , n o 4 6 .

9 B lewburton H i l l , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore g rey/brown ; i nner f ace b rown ; o uter f ace a braded , i nner f ace b urn ished . V ery f i ne q uartz f i l ler . S ta mped r oset tes a nd s em i-c ircu lar s ta mp f or p endant a rc . R . M . ( BBTN 1 26 .49 ). 1 0

B lewbur ton H i l l , h igh ly b urn ished . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .104 , F ig . 5 , n o 4 8 .

1 1

B lewbur ton H i l l , o uter c irclet s ta mped ( ? ), i nner c irc let i nd iv idua l ly a pp l ied , w h ite i n lay . R . M .

1 2

( BBTN 1 30 . 0 9 ).

B lewbur ton H i l l , o u ter f ace b lack , h igh ly b urn ished ; c ore r ed/grey ; i nner f ace b rown . F ine q uar tz ( ? ) f i l ler . S ta mped r oset te d eep ly i mpressed . R . M . ( BBTN 2 28 .4 9 ).

1 3

B lewbur ton H i l l , o uter f ace b lack ; c ore g rey ; i nner f ace g rey . F ine q uartz f i l ler . S ta mped r oset te d eep ly i mpressed . R . M . ( BBTN 3 66 .47 ).

1 4

B lewbur ton H i l l , s ta mped r oset te . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .101 , F ig . 2 , n o 4 0 .

1 5

B lewbur ton H i l l , s awn b one s ta mp ( ? ). S ource : C o l l ins , 1 947 , p .16 , F ig . 8 , n o 1 0 .

1 6

B lewbur ton H i l l , v ery h ard f abr ic ; o uter f ace b lack b urn ished ; c ore d ark r ed/b lack /dark r ed ; i nner f ace b lack b urn ished ; r oset te s ta mp p oss ib ly i ncised a f ter f ir ing , p oss ib le wh ite i n lay . S ha l low s ta mp i mpress ion . R . M .

1 7

( BBTN 3 53 .47 ).

B lewburton H i l l , o uter f ace b urn ished ; c ore d ark g rey ; i nner f ace r ed , b urn ished . Med iu m c rushed c ha lk ( ? ) f i l ler , f a ir ly p rofuse . R . M . ( BBTN 3 00 .47 ).

9 7

1 8

B lewburton H i l l , sma l l t r iangu lar d ots i nd iv idua l ly a pp l ied . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .101 , F ig . 2 , n o 4 0 .

1 9

B lewburton H i l l , o uter f ace b lack b urn ished ; c ore g rey w ith t h in r ed l ayer j ust b e low o uter f ace ; i nner f ace b lack . Large c rushed f l int ( ? ) f i l ler , s parse . Large , c oarse ware p ot . Pat tern i nd iv idua l ly a pp l ied d ots . R . M . ( BBTN 2 67 .49 ).

2 0

B lewburton H i l l , p at tern p r icked w ith wh ite i n lay . R . M . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942a , p .101 ,

2 1

F ig . 2 , n o 3 8 .

A l len 's P it , Oxon ., h ard , b lack , g lossy b urn ish . Row o f c oncentr ic c irc les w ith wh ite i n lay b e low n eck g roove . S ource : B rad ford , 1 942b , p .46 , F ig .10 , n o 7 .

2 2

C h innor C o m mon , Oxon ., d ot ted a nd f l at t oo led p at tern . A .M .(BL E 3 . ) S ource : R ichardson & Y oung , 1 951 , p .143 , F ig . 8 , n o 6 2 .

2 3

C h innor C o m mon , d ot ted c irc let a nd l i near d ots . A . M . S ource : o p . c it ., n o 6 3 .

2 4

C h innor C o m mon , o uter f ace b lack ; c ore d ark b rown ; i nner f ace b lack . Large c rushed s he l l/ca lc ite f i l ler , p rofuse . R im o f l arge c oarse p ot . S ta mped r oset te d eep ly i mpressed . A . M . ( 632 BL E 4

.

2 5

C h innor C o m mon , f abr ic a nd s ta mp a s a bove . A . M . ( BL 0

2 6

C h innor C o m mon , f abr ic a nd s ta mp a s 2 4 . A . M . ( BL C) ) .

2 7

) .

A l len 's P it , h ard , b urn ished , b lack . T race o f wh ite f i l l ing i n c irc lets . S ource : B radford , 1 942b , p .46 , F ig .11 , n o 2 .

2 8

C h innor C o m mon , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed/grey/red . Very f i ne f i l ler a nd t h in s herd . S ta mped r ou let te . A . M . ( BL C 3

2 9

) .

C h innor C o m mon , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed ; i nner f ace b rown . S ta mped c irc lets . A . M . ( B led low 1

3 0

C h innor C o m mon , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore g rey ; i nner f ace b rown . S ta mped c irc lets . A . M .

3 1

C h innor C o m mon , o uter f ace b rown , b urn ished ; c ore b u f f/dark b rown/ b uf f . L inear d ots a nd p endant a rcs i nc ised a f ter f ir ing . A . M . ( B led low TR11 1 953-187 ).

9 8

F IGURE 1 0 B ow ls a nd S herds i n t he U pper T hames Reg ion : M idd le L a T ene P er iod 1

F r i lford , B erks ., o u ter f ace b lack b urn ished ; c ore b rown/grey , b lack ; i nner f ace b lack . F ine f abr ic . V ery much r estored a nd p a t tern c ou ld b e q uest ioned . A . M . ( 1940 .195 ) .

2 B lewbur ton H i l l , B erks ., o uter f ace o range-brown b urn ished ; c ore g inger/b lack . V ery f ine ware b u t o u ter s urface b ad ly a braded . R . M . ( 43 .49 ). S ource , Hard ing , 1 972 , P 1 .68 H . 3

F r i lford , o uter f ace p ink ish-brown , b urn ished ; c ore a nd i nner f ace n ot v is ib le d ue t or estora t ion ; t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . A .M .( 1940 1 96 ).

4

H a t ford , B erks ., o u ter f ace b lack a nd w orn w ith t races o f b urn ish ing ; c ore d ark b rown ; i nner f ace b lack ; f ine q uar tz f i l ler ; s ta mped c irc lets . A . M . ( 1943 . 7 ).

5 C ass ing ton East , Oxon ., o u ter f ace b lack w ith b rown s how ing t hrough where w orn , b urn ished ; c ore g rey/brown ; i nner f ace b lack . S andy f abr ic ; t wo h o les i n b ase ; s ta mped c irc lets . A . M . ( 1933 . 5 66 ). 6 B lewbur ton H i l l , t r iangu lar s ta mp i mpress ions a nd l i near d ots . S ource : C o l l ins & C o l l ins , 1 959 , p .65 , F ig .6 , n o 1 7 . 7 B lewbur ton H i l l , g rey-brown f abr ic . P a t tern o f l i near d ots . R . M . S ource : C o l l ins , 1 947 , p .24 , F ig . 1 3 , n o 2 . 8 B lewbur ton H i l l , l i near d ot ted d ecora t ion . R . M . S ource : C o l l ins , 1 947 , p .24 , F ig .12 , n o 1 . 9 A pp leford , Berks ., o u ter f ace b rown-b lack w ith t races o f b urn ish ing ; c ore b rown/b lack/brown ; i nner f ace b lack-brown . D ecora ted w ith c ross h a tch ing a nd l inear s quare d ots . 1 0

A . M . ( 1924 . 5 05 ).

Y arn ton , O xon ., o u ter f ace b rown-b lack w ith t races o f b urn ish ing ; c ore g rey/brown ; f i l ler f i ne a nd s parse . T r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . B . M . ( 7 6 .8 2 . 1 ).

1 1

1 2

Ha t ford , o u ter f ace b lack b urn ished ; c ore b lack ; i nner f ace b lack . N o g r its . I mpressed d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le ts . A . M . ( 1966 . 9 26e ) . F r i lford , b u f f-brown b urn ished w ith s tamped c irc le t . S ource : B rad ford a nd G oodch i ld , 1 939 , p .2 2 , F ig . 7 , n o 8 0 .

1 3

F r i lford , h ard b rown-b lack b urn ished w ith s ta mped d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le t . S ource : o p .c i t . n o 8 1 .

1 4

F r i lford , h ard , d ark g rey-b lack b urn ished . Z one o f a l terna t ing s ta mped c irc lets . S ource : o p . c i t . n o 8 2 .

1 5

B lewbur ton , sma l l , we l l-made p o t w ith i mpressed c irc let . S ource : C o l l ins , 1 952 , p .40 , F ig .14 , n o 3 .

9 9

F IGURE 1 1 B ow ls a nd J ars i n t he S ussex Reg ion 1

H orsted K eynes , W .S ussex , d ecora ted w ith s quare-too thed s ing le r ou let te . B . M . L ewes (? ) . S ource : H ardy e t a l ., 1 937 ,

2

P .

2 58 , F ig .1 2 .

L it t le H orsted Lane , E .S ussex , s ta mped c irc let . B . M . L ewes (? ) . S ource : Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .165 , F ig .11 , n o 1 .

3

H orsted Keynes , o u ter f ace smoothed w ith a f la t t oo l a nd l igh t ly b urni shed , c rushed s he l l ( ? ) f i l ler , f a ir ly p rofuse . D i mp le s ta mps . B .M . L ewes .

4

H orsted Keynes , o u ter f ace b rown , b urn ished ; c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler , p rofuse . S ing le s quaretoothed r ou le t te d ecora t ion . B .M . L ewes .

5

H ors t ed Keynes ,o u ter f ace b rown ,b urn ished ; med iu m ( 2m ms ) c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler ,p rofuse .S ing le s quare-toothed r ou let te d ecora t ion .B .M . L ewes .

6

H orsted Keynes , f ragmen tary p ot ; o u ter f ace b rown , b urn ished ; l arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler . S ing le s quaretoothed r ou let te w i th p oss ib le wh ite i n lay ; c irc let s ta mps . B . M . L ewes .

7 K ingston B uc i , W. S ussex , f ragmen tary p ot , o uter f ace b rown , b urni shed ; h ard ware ; c rushed c a lc ite ( ? ) f i l ler , p rofuse . D ecora ted w ith v ery f ine r ou let te a nd c rude c irc le t s ta mps . H o les p ierced f or s uspens ion . Whee l- made ( ? ). B . M . L ewes . 8

H orsted Keynes , o uter f ace r ed-brown , b urn ished ; i nner f ace r edb rown , b urn ished ; med ium c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler . S ing le s quaret oothed r ou le t te d ecora t ion a nd d i mp le s ta mps . B .M . L ewes .

9

H orsted Keynes , o u ter f ace r ed ; v ery f i ne c a lcite f i l ler . D i mp le s ta mp . B . M . L ewes .

1 0

S a ltdean , E .S ussex , o u ter f ace d ark g rey-brown ; f ine c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler . S quare-toothed r ou let ted d ecora t ion a nd c ircu lar s ta mps . B r igh ton Museum .

l o a 1 1

D eta i l o f d ecora t ion o n n o 1 0 . C har leston B row , E .S ussex , o u ter f ace r ed ; s and f i l ler . D ecora ted w ith c irc let s ta mps . Whee l- made ( ? ) . B . M . Lewes .

1 2

Park B row , W . S ussex , d ecora ted w ith sma l l l inear t r iangu lar s ta mp i mpress ions . S ource : Wo lse ley e t a l . 1 927 , p .2 1 , F ig . 1 4 .

1 00

F IGURE 1 2 S herds i n t he S ussex R eg ion 1 C ast le H i l l , Newhaven , E .S ussex , o u ter f ace b lack , b urn ished ; r estored ; c ore a nd i nner f ace n o t v is ib le . L inear d ot ted d ecora t ion w ith l arge d i mp le s ta mp . B . M . L ewes . 2

C ast le H i l l , Newhaven , o ut er f ace l igh t b rown ; s and ( ? ) f i l ler . S quaret oothed r ou let t ing a nd c irc let s ta mp i n d ecora t ion . B . M L ewes .

3 C ast le H i l l , Newhaven , a s n o 2 . 4

H orsted K eynes , W. S ussex , f ro m p ot a bou t 1 2 .5c ms d ia meter a t w idest p ar t . C irc let s ta mps i n d ecora t ion . B . M . L ewes ( ? ). S ource : H ardy e t a l ., 1 937 , p .2 60 , F ig . 2 9 .

5 S ea ford B ay , E .S ussex , o u ter f ace b lack-brown ; s o f t f abr ic w ith f i ne f i l ler . S tamped c irc let i n d ecora t ion . B . M . L ewes . S ource : Sm ith , 1 939 , p .2 99 , F ig . 1 4. 6

C aburn , n r . L ewes , E .Sussex , o u ter f ace l i gh t o range-bu f f , l i gh t ly b urn ished ; f ine , s o f t f abr ic w ith l arge f i l ler . L inear d ot d ecora t ion . B . M . L ewes . S ource : H awkes , 1 939a , p .260 , F ig . 3 0 .

7 C aburn , d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps . P it t R ivers Museum , F arnham ( ? ). S ource : L ane-Fox , 1 881 , P l . XXV ( f ac ing p .492 ) n o 3 6 . 8 C aburn , o u ter f ace b rown ish-grey , l igh t ly b urn ished ; f abr ic s o f t w ith c a lc ite f i l ler . L inear d ot ted d ecora t ion . B . M . L ewes . S ource : Hawkes , 1 939a , p .261 , F ig .3 2 . 9 Park B row o r F indon Park , W. S ussex , e xact l oca t ion n o t s pec if ied . L inear d o t ted d ecora t ion . B . M . ( ? ). S ource : Wo lse ley e t a l ., 1 927 , p .21 , F ig .13A . 1 0

C aburn , s ee n o 7a bove ; n o 4 0 .

1 1

C aburn , i b ., n o 4 1 .

1 2

C aburn , o u ter f ace g rey-b lack ; f i ne c rushed f l in t f i l ler ; d oub le c oncent r ic c irc le s ta mps . P it t R ivers Museu m , F arnha m ( ? ). S ource : H awkes , 1 939a , p .253 , P l .X I , n o 8 0 .

1 3

C h idd ingstone , Ken t , h ard b rown ware c overed w ith a ' soapy ' s l ip ; q uartz f i l ler . L inear d o t ted d ecora t ion w ith ' sha l low c ircu lar p it a t a pex o f t r iang le ' . S ource : C ook , 1 933 , p .281 , F ig . 1 .

1 4

P ark Brow o r F indon P ark , s ee n o 9a bove . D i mp le o r c irc let s ta mp .

1 5

C aburn , o u ter f ace s andy b rown ; i nner f ace b lack ; s and f i l ler . D ecora t ion w ith p unched s quare i mpress ions . B . M . L ewes .

1 6

B roadwa ter , W . S ussex , o uter f ace d ark b rown , a braded ; f ine c rushed f i l ler . D imp le s ta mp . Wor th ing Museu m , ( 401 B .)

1 01

F IGURE 1 3 B ow ls a nd J ars i n t he T ha mes E stuary R eg ion 1

L angenhoe , E ssex , o u ter f ace b lack b urn ished , f lak ing i n p laces ; f ine c rushed q uartz ( f l in t? ) f i l ler ( 1 .5 m ins ), s parse . R im m iss ing . D ecora ted w ith l arge d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp d eep ly i mpressed , b urn ished w ith in l eaves w ith af l a t-ended t oo l .C ast le Museu m ,C o lchester .

l a P a ttern o f n o 1o pened o u t . 2

Muck ing , E ssex , o u ter f ace b rown-orange , b urn ished ; f abr ic d ense w ith f ine c rushed f l in t ( quar tz? ) f i l ler a nd o ccas iona l l arger p ieces . 3d if feren t d oub le c oncentr ic c ircu lar s tamps , 1w i th a c entra l d ot . G rays a nd T hurrock Museu m , ( Cre ma t ion 8 7 ).

2 b Pa t tern o f 2o pened o u t . 3

G rea t Waker ing , E ssex , f ragmentary p ot , o u ter f ace d ark b rown ; f i ne ly c rushed q uar tz ( f l in t? ) f i l ler . L arge t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp , v ery d eep ly i mpressed . S . M .

4

Gun H i l l , E ssex , s herd f ro m p ot d ecorated w ith d oub le l inear d ots . S ource : R odwe l l &D rury , 1 973 , p .76 , F ig .14 , n o 4 3 .

5

C anvey , E ssex , s herd f ro m p it d ecora ted w ith t r iangu lar l inear s tabb ing . S ource : R odwe l l &D rury , 1 973 , p .76 , F ig . 1 4 , n o 4 5 . S .M .

6

C anewdon , E ssex , o u ter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore a nd i nner f ace b rown ; med ium c rushed s he l l ( ? ) f i l ler , p ro fuse . Ou ter f ace smoothed v ert ica l ly w ith f l a t-ended t oo l . 2d i f feren t d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps . S .M .

7

C ray ford , Ken t , o u ter f ace r ed-brown t o b lack , l igh t ly b urn ished ; t h ick ware w ith f i ne c rushed f i l ler . T r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . Dart ford Museu m .

8

B orden , K en t , o u ter f ace b rown ; i nner f ace b lack ; c a lc ite ( ? ) f i l ler , s parse . O u ter f ace smoothed v ert ica l ly . D oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp w ith c en tra l d i mp le , a sy m metr ica l . Ma idstone Museum .

9

C anewdon , o u ter f ace d ark b rown-red ; med iu m c rushed s he l l ( ? ) f i l ler , p rofuse . V ery t h in f i ne ware . D oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . Smoothed v ert ica l ly b e low d ecora ted z one . S .M .

1 02

F IGURE 1 4 S herds i n t he T ha mes E stuary a nd L ower T hames Reg ion 1 Muck ing , E ssex , o u ter f ace g rey , smoothed w ith s l ip ; i nner f ace g rey ; med ium c rushed c a lc i te f i l ler , p rofuse . Hard f abr ic . C irc le t a nd d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps . Mrs . M . U . J ones . 2

Muck ing , o uter f ace r ed , b urn ished ; f ine c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler , s parse . H ard f abr ic . C irc let a nd d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mps . Mrs .M .U .J ones .

3

Muck ing , 1o f 5s herds f ro m t he s a me p ot w ith a s cro l l p a t tern . Large r ounded j ar . S ing le a nd d oub le r ows o f l inear d ots . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

4

Muck ing , f abr ic i den t ica l w ith n o 1 , s a me p ot ( ? ). C irc le t s tamp . Mrs . M . U . J ones .

5 Muck ing , o u ter f ace b lack , b urn ished ; i nner f ace b lack ; med ium c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler , f a ir ly p rofuse . H ard f abr ic . C irc let a nd d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mps d eep ly i mpressed . Mrs . M . U . J ones . 6 Muck ing , o uter f ace b lack ; i nner f ace b lack ; v ery f i ne ly c rushed f l int ( ? ) f i l ler , p rofuse . C irc let s ta mp . Mrs . M . U .J ones . 7 Muck ing , o uter a nd i nner f aces b rown ; med ium c rushed f l in t ( ? ) f i l ler . D oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . Mrs . M . U . J ones . 8 Muck ing , 2s herds f ro m s ame p ot , o u ter f ace b lack , b urn ished , i nner f ace r ed ; v ery f i ne f i l ler . D oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp . Mrs . M . U . J ones . 9 1 0

Muck ing , d ot ted ' i n f i l l ' d ecora t ion . Mrs . M . U .J ones . Muck ing , o uter a nd i nner f aces b rown ; med ium c rushed f l in t f i l ler . Large t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . Mrs . M . U . J ones .

1 1

Ewe ll , S urrey , d ark b rown ware ; f i ne q uar tz f i l ler , p rofuse . S quare n otched r everse S s tamp . S ource : L owther , 1 935 , p .2 4 , F ig . 5 , n o 2 .

1 2

Muck ing , o uter f ace b rown ; i nner f ace r ed ; f i ne f i l ler . R eversed S r ou let te (? ) . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

1 3

Muck ing , o uter f ace b lack a nd p ar t ly b urn ished ; i nner f ace b lack ; l arge s he l l/ca lc ite f i l ler , p rofuse . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

1 4

Muck ing , o uter a nd i nner f aces b lack ; l arge c rushed c a lc ite f i l ler , p rof use . Mrs . M . U . J ones .

1 5

Muck ing , 4s herds f ro m s ame ( ? ) p ot ; h ard d ark b rown f abr ic w ith f ine c rushed f i l ler . D ot ted r ose t tes a nd l i near d ot ted p a t terns . Mrs . M . U . J ones .

1 6

Muck ing , o uter a nd i nner f aces b rown ; f i ne ly c rushed f i l ler . T r iangu lar s ta mp . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

1 7

Muck ing , o uter f ace b lack , b urn ished ; i nner f ace b rown ; f i ne ly c rushed f i l ler . D i mp le s ta mp a nd l i near d o ts . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

1 03

1 8

L ower H a lstow , Ken t , v ery f laky d ark b rown f abr ic ; s parse f i l ler . L arge t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp w ith c en tra l d i mp le , a sy mmetr ica l . Ma idstone Museum .

1 9

Muck ing , o uter a nd i nner f aces b lack ; c rushed f l int f i l ler . L inear d ot d ecora t ion . Mrs . M . U .J ones .

2 0

B orden , n r . S i t t ingbourne , Ken t , o u ter a nd i nner f aces b rown-b lack ; c ore b rown ; med ium c rushed s he l l ( ca lc ite? ) f i l ler , p rofuse . H ard f abr ic a nd o u ter f ace b urn ished . D oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp w ith c entra l d i mp le . S quare l i near n otches , p robab ly n ot r ou let t ing . Ma idstone Museu m .

2 1

N or Marsh , n r . S i t t ingbourne , Ken t , o u ter f ace b lack-orange ; c ore b u f f-grey ; i nner f ace d ark g rey . Med ium c rushed s he l l ( ca lc ite? ) f i l ler . 1d oub le a nd 1 t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp , d eep ly i mpressed . R eversed Z r ou let ted , p oss ib ly t wo d i f feren t whee ls u sed . Ma ids tone Museum .

F IGURE 1 5 J ars a nd S herds i n t he E ast Ang l ia R eg ion 1 A b ing ton P igot ts , C a mbs ., r econstructed , c rude ly made p ot . O u ter f ace g rey ; c ore a nd i nner f ace n ot v is ib le . D ecora t ion l i near d o ts i n p endan t a rc p a ttern . C . U . M . A . E ., ( 51 .281 A ). ( N . B . t h is p o t i s i l lustra ted i n F e l l , 1 952 , b u t d oes n ot c o me f ro m L in ton .) 2

A b ing ton P igo t ts , o u ter f ace b lack , l igh t ly b urn ished v er t ica l ly b e low p a t tern z one ; c ore g rey . Med ium c rushed c a lc ite ( ? ) f i l ler . Hard f abr ic . Sma l l d i mp le s ta mp . C . U . M . A . E ., ( 51 .281 B ) .

3

A b ing ton P igot ts , o u ter a nd i nner f aces r ed-brown ; f i ne c rushed c a lc i te ( ? ) f i l ler . Ou ter f ace b urn ished a t n eck ; h ard f abr ic . S ing le s quaret oothed r ou let te ( 2 m ms i n h e igh t ). C . U . M . A . E ., ( 51 .290 B ) .

4

A b ing ton P igot ts , o u ter f ace b lack ; c ore g rey ; i nner f ace b lack ; f i ne c rushed c a lc ite ( ? ) f i l ler . H ard f abr ic , b urn ished o n o u ter f ace o f r im . S ing le s quaretoothed r ou let te ( 2 m ms i n h e igh t ) a nd p oss ib le s econd sma l ler o ne u sed . R im d iame ter c . 2 4c ms . C . U . M . A . E ., ( 51 . 2 90 A ).

5 A b ing ton P igot ts , o u ter f ace d ark b rownl igh t b rown ; f i ne c rushed c a lc ite ( ? ) f i l ler . O u ter f ace b urn ished a t n eck , v ery l i ght ly s cored b e low r ou let t ing . S ing le s quare-too thed r ou let te ( 1 .5 m ms i n h e igh t ). C . U . M . A . E . ,( 51 .290 C ). 6

E a ton H ea th , n r . N orw ich , N or fo lk , h ard , med iu m-coarse , s andy , d ark g rey f abr ic . E x ter ior l igh t ly b urn ished , al i t t le f l in t g r i tt ing , w hee lmade . S herd f ro m s hou lder o f v esse l . S ource : Wa inwr ight , 1 973 , p .3 3 , F ig . 1 7 , P .34 . N orw ich C ast le Museum .

7 Warham C amp , We l ls , N orfo lk , smooth b rown f abr ic . Sma l l r ing a nd d ot s tamps i n r ose t tes a nd t wo l ines . S ource : Gray , 1 933 , p .411 , F ig . 5 , n o 2 1 . N orw ich C ast le Museum . 1 04

F IGURE 1 6 J ars a nd S herds i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion I 1 D ragonby , n r . S cun thorpe , H umbers ide , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore p ink/ b rown . F ine c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . Ou ter f ace l igh t ly b urn ished w ith in ' l eaves ' . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing . S c .M ., ( DR 6 6 HX ). 2 D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed/b lack/dark b rown ; i nner f ace d ark b rown-b lack . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . O u ter f ace b urn ished a t r im a nd n eck , a nd w ith in ' l eaves ' . S c .M ., ( DR 7 2 ALX ). 3 Dragonby , o u ter f ace b rown , l i ght ly b urn ished ; c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace r ed ; med ium ( 2mms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te u sed f or p a t tern a nd r a ised c ordons ; d oub le ( ? ) c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 4 I V . BD . B I ). 4

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b lack ; c ore l i gh t b rown ; i nner f ace b lack . F ine t o med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . O u ter f ace h igh ly b urn ished w ith in ' l eaves ' . H ard f abr ic . L arge d i mp le s tamp . S c . M . ( DR 6 4 LP ).

5

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown a nd l i gh t ly b urn ished ; c ore a nd i nner f ace r ed . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p ro fuse . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te d ecora t ion . S c . M ., ( DR 6 7 AEH ).

6 D ragonby , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore l i gh t b rown/b lack ; i nner f ace d ark b rown . Med ium t o l arge ( 2 .5 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . O u ter f ace a braded , p robab ly b urn ished . D oub le s quaret oothed r ou let te a nd r ose t te s tamp . S c . M ., ( DR 6 4 I F ) . 7 D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; i nner f ace f l aked o f f . L arge ( 3-4 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . Ou ter f ace c overed w ith s l ip ( ? ) a nd b urn ished . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 7 AG/S M ) . 8 D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore o range/purp l ish-brown/orange ; i nner f ace o range , f l aky . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , s parse . O u ter f ace smoothed w ith t oo l . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te . S of t f abr ic . S c .M ., ( DR 7 1 BG I ) . 9 Ancaster , L incs ., o uter f ace b lack , b urn ished . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler . O u ter f ace p a t tern b urn ished . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te a nd d i mp le s tamp . N . U . M ., ( AC 6 8 EL ). 1 0

O ld S lea ford , L incs ., o u ter f ace b lack , b urn ished . C rushed s he l l f i l ler , f a ir ly p ro fuse . D oub le s quare-too thed r ou let t ing a nd c irc le t a nd d i mp le s tamp . Mrs . M . U .J ones , D ept . o f t he E nv ironment , L ondon ( OS B 5 1 89 ) .

1 1

K irm ington , H umbers ide , o u ter f ace a nd c ore b rown ; i nner f ace f l aked ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a nd s tar r ose t te s tamps . As econd s im i lar s herd e x ists w ith t hree l arge r oset te s tamps e nc losed i n at r iangu lar ( ? ) p at tern o f d oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing . T he f abr ic i s o f ah ard , s and g r it ted , n on I ron Age v ar iety a nd i s p oss ib ly

1 05

Ro man ware u s ing a t yp ica l I ron Age d ecora t ion .

G . T ay lor E sq .,

C leethorpes . 1 2

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore a nd i nner f ace l igh t b rown ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , f a ir ly s parse . O u ter f ace p a t tern b urn ished ; h ard f abr ic . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou le t te d ecorat ion . S c . M ., ( DR 6 8 AKJ ).

1 3

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace r ed ; i nner f ace g rey . F ine c rushed s he l l ( ca lc ite? ) f i l ler . 2 more s herds f rom s a me p ot . Mrs . M . U .J ones , a s n o 1 0 , ( OS B 5 2 32 ) .

1 4

K ir m ing ton , o u ter f ace b rown ; med ium t o l arge c rushed s he l l f i l ler . Ou ter f ace l igh t ly p a t tern b urn ished . S ing le s quaretoothed r ou le t te a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp .

1 5

S c . M ., ( K MAA ) .

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore l i gh t b rown , i nner f ace r ed . F ine c rushed s he l l f i l ler a l most e n t ire ly l eached o u t . D oub le s quaret oothed r ou let te d ecora t ion . S c . M ., ( DR 7 0 APC ).

1 6

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace a nd c ore b rown . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te d ecora t ion . Mrs . M . U .J ones , a s n o 1 0 , ( OS 8 89 ).

1 7

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown a nd l igh t ly b urn ished ; c ore l igh t b rown ; i nner f ace f laked o f f . Med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p ro fuse . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te d ecora t ion o n c ordon . S c .M ., ( DR 6 9 MO ).

1 8

Dragonby , o u ter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore a nd i nner f ace b rown . Ou ter f ace b urn ished o n u ndecora ted c ordons ; i nner f ace b urn ished f or 2 c ms b e low r im . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a nd r ing a nd d i mp le s ta mp . A l most c o mp lete p ot . S c . M ., ( DR 7 0 YA e tc .).

F IGURE 1 7 J ars a nd B ow ls i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion I 1

Ancaster , L incs ., o u ter f ace d ark b rown w ith l i gh ter p a tches ; med iu m ( 2 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler . O u ter f ace b urn ished a nd i nner f ace b urni shed f or 2 -3c ms b e low r im . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a nd s ha l low d i mp le s ta mps . N . U . M ., ( AC 6 7 JF ).

2

O ld S lea ford , L incs ., o u ter f ace r ed-brown , c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace b rown ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler . Burn ished o n o uter f ace b e low r im . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te . Mrs . M . U .J ones , D ept . o f t he E nv iron men t , L ondon , ( OS B 5 1 88 ).

3

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace b lack , b urn ished ; med iu m ( 2 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing a nd s tamp i mpress ion p robab ly made w ith a b roken o r v ery w orn t oo l . Mrs . M . U .J ones , a s n o 2 , ( OS B 5 2 10 ) .

1 06

4

I ngo ldme l ls , L incs ., o u ter f ace b lack a nd l i gh t ly b urn ished ; c ore a nd i nner f ace d ark g rey ; med iu m t o l arge c rushed s he l l f i l ler ( 3 m ms ), f a ir ly p ro fuse . Wa l l o f v esse l i s u nusua l ly t h ick b e ing 7m ms a t t he s hou lder . More f i rm ly b urn ished v er t ica l l i nes o n n eck . 2s uperi mposed d imp le s ta mps o f d i f ferent s izes a nd f l a t t oo led p a t tern . G reyf r iars Museu m , L inco ln .

5

D ragonby , Hu mbers ide , o u ter f ace b rown , l i gh t ly b urn ished ; c ore a nd i nner f ace l ight b rown . L arge ( 4 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rof use . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let ted a nd c irc le t s tamp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 0 CGJ ) .

6

D ragonby , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore b lack , l igh t b rown ; i nner f ace b rown t o b lack . O uter f ace smoothed ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse , l eached o u t . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te a nd t r ip le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c . M ., ( DR 6 6 OY ) .

7 Ancaster , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; med ium t o l arge ( 2 .5 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p ro fuse . H ard f abr ic . I nner f ace b urn ished f or 1 .5c ms b e low r im . N . U . M ., ( AF 6 7 HR ). 8

D ragonby , o uter f ace d ark b rown , b urn ished ; c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace b rown a nd b urn ished a t r im a nd n eck ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p ro fuse . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing i n c ordons . Whee lmade ( ? ) . S c . M . ,( DR 6 5 YF ).

9

D ragonby , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace b rown . O u ter f ace smoothed ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . H eavy , d ense f abr ic . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te w ith in c ordons . S c . M . ,( DR 6 9 H I ).

1 0

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace d ark b rown b urn ished , c ore a nd i nner f ace b rown , med iu m c rushed s he ll f i l ler . Hard , d ense f abr ic . D oub le s quaret oothed r ou let te w ith in p ara l le l t oo led l i nes a nd d i mp le s ta mp . Mrs . M .U . J ones , a s n o 2 , ( OS 4 82 ) .

1 1

D ragonby , b ase f ragmen t , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore b rown ; i nner f ace d ark b rown ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te a nd c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 0 ABY ) .

1 2

O ld S lea ford , o u ter a nd i nner f aces b rown t o b lack , c ore b rown ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler . O u ter f ace b urn ished e xcept f or p a t tern z one . H eavy v er t ica l b urn ished l i nes b e low n eck . D oub le s quare-too thed r ou le t t ing w ith in t oo led l ines a nd d i mp le s tamp . Mrs . M . U . J ones , a s n o 2 , ( OS A 6 1 75 ).

1 3

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace b lack , c ore r ed/brown , i nner f ace b lack ; med ium t ol arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler . O uter f ace b urn ished w ith p at tern b urn ish ing w ith in ' l eaves ' . D oub le s quare-too thed r ou le t t ing a nd d i mp le s tamp .

1 4

Mrs . M . U . J ones , a s n o 2 , ( OS A 6 1 80 ) .

Ewerby , L incs ., o uter f ace b lack , smoothed ; c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou le tte a nd d i mp le s tamp . G rey fr iars Museu m , L inco ln .

1 07

1 5

A ncaster , o u ter f ace b lack-bu f f ; i nner f ace b lack ; med iu m t o l arge ( 2 .5 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing . N . U . M . ,( AC 5 8 FT ).

1 6

A ncaster , o u ter f ace b lack-bu f f ; i nner f ace b lack-bu f f ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler . O u ter f ace b urn ished a nd smoo thed w ith v er t ica l l i nes t owards b ase . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te a nd d i mp le s ta mp . N . U . M ., ( AC 6 8 GN/GI ).

1 7

A ncaster , o uter f ace b lack b urn ished ; i nner f ace b urn ished f or 1 .5c ms b e low r im ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quare-toothed r oul et t ing a nd d i mp le s ta mp , d eep ly i mpressed . Whee l-made ( ? ). N .U .M . ( AC 6 8 EW ).

1 8

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b lack-brown ; c ore b rown/b lack/brown ; i nner f ace b rown . O u ter f ace h igh ly b urn ished w ith h or izon ta l s trokes o ver d ecora ted z one a nd v ert ica l o nes t owards t he b ase . Med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . S c . M ., ( DR 6 5 W I 2 ) .

F IGURE 1 8 S herds i n t he L inco lnsh ire R eg ion 1

D ragonby , n r . S cunthorpe , H umbers ide , o uter f ace b rown , c ore b rown/ b lack ; i nner f ace f laked o f f . O u ter f ace smoo thed ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . D oub le s quare-too thed r ou let t ing a nd d oub le c oncentr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 3 LN ) .

2

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown , smoo thed ; c ore a nd i nner f ace l igh t b rown ; f i ne c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . D oub le s quaretoo thed r ou le t t ing ; t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp a nd d imp le s tamp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 6 KO ).

3

O ld S lea ford , L incs ., o u ter f ace b lack , c ore g rey , i nner f ace b lack ( f laked ). O u ter f ace p a t tern b urn ished , i nner f ace b urn ished a t n eck ; med ium t o l arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou le t t ing a nd q uadrup le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . Mrs . M . U . J ones , D ept . o f t he E nv ironment , L ondon , ( OS B 5 1 88 ).

4

D ragonby , o u ter f ace d ark b rown , b urn ished ; c ore b u f f/b lack/bu f f ; i nner f ace d ark b rown , smoo thed ; v ery f i ne c rushed s he l l f i l ler , s parse . H ard f abr ic . C irc le a nd d i mp le s tamp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 2 A lV I I ).

5

D ragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed/dark b rown ; i nner f ace f l aked ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . S tamp p lant s ta lk ( ? ) -( cou ld b e h o l low a nd k not s ect ions r espect ive ly o f s ame t h in r eed ) , a nd p ar t o f l arger c irc le t s tamp i n t he c en tre o f t he r oset te . S c . M ., ( DR CV ).

6

D ragonby , o u ter f ace d ark b rown , smoothed ; c ore b rown ; i nner f ace d ark d ark b rown , f l aked ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing a nd c irc le a nd f l a t d i mp le s tamp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 9 ABA ) .

1 08

7 O ld S lea ford , o uter f ace d ark b rown , i nner f ace f l aked ,b urn ished i n' l ea f ' ; c rushed s he l lf i l ler , s tar r ose t te s tamp . Mrs .M .U .Jones , a sn o3 ,( OS A 61 75 ) . 8 Dragonby , o uter f ace b rown , smoothed ; c ore l i gh t b rown ; i nner f ace d ark b rown ; f ine c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . D oub le s quare-too thed r ou let t ing a nd d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c .M . ,( DR 7 0 KE ). 9 Dragonby , o u ter f ace b rown ; c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace b rown ; med ium c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D i mp le s ta mp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 9 A ST ). 1 0

Ancaster , L incs ., o u ter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore b rown ; med iu m t ol arge c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . Quadrup le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . N . U . M .

1 1

( AF 7 3 EK ).

Dragonby , o uter f ace b rown , smoothed ; c ore r ed/brown/red ; i nner f ace f laked . Med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let t ing a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s ta mp . S c . M ., ( DR 6 6 ?XO ).

1 2

Dragonby , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore a nd i nner f ace b rown ; l arge ( 3-4 mms ) , c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . Ova l s ta mp . S c .M ., ( DR 6 9 GN ).

1 3

Dragonby , o uter f ace d ark b rown , b urn ished ; c ore b rown/red ; i nner f ace f l aked o f f ; f i ne c rushed s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . ' Maggot ' s tamp a nd v ert ica l c o mb ing b e low . S c .M ., ( DR 6 4 BYZ ).

1 4 1 5

A s F ig .1 6 , n o 6 . Dragonby , h ard f abr ic r ed t hroughou t w ith b lack b urn t p a tch . F ine a nd v ery s parse f i l ler . C ord i mpress ions ; c irc le t a nd d oub le c oncen tr ic s ta mp i mpress ions made w i th b one h a irp in ( ? ). S c . M ., ( DR 7 3 GT ) .

1 6

Dragonby , o uter f ace r edd ish b rown ; c ore b rown/b lack ; i nner f ace b rown ; v ery l arge ( 7-9 mms ) s he l l f i l ler . T h ick , c oarse ware . Reversed c rescent ic s tamp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 1 BLB ).

1 7

Dragonby , o uter f ace b rown , c ore r ed ; i nner f ace f laked o f f ; l arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . T r iangu lar s ta mp . S c . M ., ( DR 6 9 P J ).

1 8

Dragonby , o u ter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore b rown ; i nner f ace f l aked ; l arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p ro fuse . H ard ware . D oub le t r iang le s ta mp . S c .M . ,( DR 6 4 MT ) .

1 9

Dragonby , o u ter f ace r ed ; c ore b rown/b lack ; i nner f ace f l aked ; med iu m c rushed s he l l f i l ler . C rescent ic s tamp . S c . M ., ( DR 7 0 An ).

2 0

Dragonby , o uter f ace b rown , smoothed ; c ore a nd i nner f ace b rownb lack ; l arge ( 3 m ms ) c rushed s he l l f i l ler , v ery p rofuse . H ard ware . D oub le t r iang le s ta mp i dent ica l w ith n o 1 8 . S c . M ., ( DR 7 1 APG ).

2 1

O ld S lea ford , o u ter f ace r ed ; c ore g rey ; i nner f ace r ed ; v ery l arge s he l l f i l ler , p rofuse . L arge , c rude f la t d i mp le s ta mp . Mrs . M . U .J ones , a s n o 3 , ( OS A 5 87 Q J3 ) .

1 09

F IGURE 1 9 S tamped a nd R ou let ted s herds f ro m Muck ing , E ssex a nd K irm ing ton , H umbers ide 1 Muck ing , E ssex , o uter f ace b lack , b urn ished ; c ore l i gh t b rown ; i nner f ace b rown a nd smoothed . R eversed Z r ou let t ing . Mrs .M .U .J ones . 2 Muck ing , E ssex , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore b rown ; i nner f ace b rown w ith l i ghter l ayer j ust b e low s ur face . Med ium ( 2-3 mms ) c rushed s he l l/ c a lc ite f i l ler , p rofuse . R eversed Z r ou let t ing a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp t he o uter t wo r ings b e ing f e int . Mrs . M . U .J ones . 3 K ir m ing ton , H umbers ide , o u ter f ace b lack ; c ore g rey ; i nner f ace b lack . H ard f abr ic w ith s and f i l ler , l i ke R .B . ware . D oub le s quare-toothed r ou let te ( f ine ) a nd s tar r oset te s tamp d eep ly i mpressed . Mr . G . T ay lor , C leethorpes . 4

K ir m ing ton , o uter f ace d ark b rown ; c ore l i ght b rown ; i nner f ace b rown . Quar tz f i l ler . D oub le s quaretoothed r ou let te a nd f ine ly c u t s tar r oset te s ta mp . Mr .G . T ay lor .

5 K irm ing ton , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore a nd i nner f ace l i gh t b rown ; l arge ( up t o 3m ms ) c rushed s he l l/ca lc ite f i l ler , p rofuse . D oub le s quaret oothed r ou let t ing a nd s tar r oset te s tamp . Mr .G . T ay lor . 6 K irm ing ton , o u ter f ace d ark b rown a nd p ar t ly b urn ished ; c ore l i gh t b rown ; i nner f ace f l aked . Q uar tz f i l ler , s parse . F ine ly c u t d oub le s quare-toothed r ou let t ing a nd d i mp le s tamps . Mr .G . T ay lor . 7 K ir m ing ton , o uter f ace b rown ; c ore l i gh t b rown ; i nner f ace b rown . S he l l / ca lc ite f i l ler , l eached o u t . S ing le s quaretoothed r ou le t t ing a nd t r ip le c oncen tr ic c irc le s tamp . Mr .G . T ay lor . 8 K irm ing ton , o uter a nd i nner f aces b rown ; c ore l i ght b rown ; o uter f ace p ar t ly b urn ished . F i l ler l eached o u t . S ing le c irc let s tamp . Mr . G . T ay lor .

1 10

REFERENCES 1

B u l le id & G ray , 1 911 & 1 917 .

2

B u l le id & G ray , 1 948 , 1 953 & 1 966 .

3 Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 . 4

G r i mes , 1 952 .

5

F ox , 1 958 .

6 A very , 1 972-3 . 7

B ushe-Fox , 1 915 .

8

F e l l , 1 936 .

9 G r i mes , 1 951 , P l . V I f ac ing p .144 & F ig .4 1 , n o 3 , p .160 . 1 0

S tan ford , 1 972 .

1 1

C un liffe , 1 974 , p .333 , n os 1 -7 .

1 2

S chwappach , 1 969 .

1 3

S chwappach f orthco m ing , H a mburger B e iträge z ur Archäo log ie .

1 4

Myres , 1 969 .

1 5

Ag irth b eaker o f t he C laud io-Neron ian Per iod f ro m Marg idunu m , N ot t inghamsh ire , h as s quare-toothed r ou let t ing i n h or izonta l l ines ( Nott ingham Un ivers ity Museu m ), a lso a g rey g lobu lar b eaker f ro m t he s a me s i te s hows t he u se o f as im i lar whee l i n t wo w ide ly s paced r ows , ( Oswa ld , 1 948 , P l .X IV , n o 8 , p .35 ).

1 6

C un liffe , 1 974 , p p .42-47 .

1 7

H ard ing , 1 972 & 1 974 .

1 8

B rad ford , 1 942a , p .104 .

1 9

S avory , 1 937 , F ig .2 , n os 1 1 , 1 2 & 1 4 , p .5 .

2 0

B rad ford , 1 942b , F ig .11 , n os 5 ,6 , &1 6 , p .46 .

2 1

S avory , 1 937 ,

F ig .7 , n os + & 0 16 , p .31 .

B rad ford , 1 942b , F ig . 1 0 , n o 7 , p .45 . 2 2

B rad ford , 1 942a , F ig .4 , n o 4 5 , p .103 .

2 3

C o l lins , 1 947 , F ig . 8 , n os . 2& 3 , p p .16 & 1 7 .

2 4

B rad ford , 1 942a , F ig . 1 , n o 2 3 , p .99 . S evera l f urther s herds h ave wh ite i n lay i n t he d ot ted d ecora t ion , F ig . 2 , n os 3 6-38 , p .101 & F ig . 5 , n o 4 9 , p .1 04 .

2 5

C o l lins , 1 952 , F ig .11 , n o 6 , p .29 .

2 6

H ard ing , 1 972 , P 1 .47 F , s ee a lso my S s . 2& 3 .

2 7

i b ., p p .8 2-84 .

2 8

C un liffe , 1 974 , p p .31 & 3 53 .

2 9

B rad ford , 1 942a , p .97 .

3 0

H ard ing , 1 974 , F igs . 3 9 &4 0 ,

3 1

H ard ing , 1 972 , p .95 .

3 2

i b ., P l .6 5C . There a re Ar mor ican p ara l le ls f or s ta mp d ecora t ion o n

p p .

1 46-148 .

t he b ases o f p ots , c p . S chwappach , 1 969 , Abb . 2 , p .219 . 3 3

H ard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 8F , ( & B . M . Gu ide t o t he An t iqu it ies o f t he E ar ly

3 4

H ard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 6B & 6 8G .

3 5

i b ., P l . 6 6F .

I ron Age l 1 905 , F ig .137 , p .142 ).

3 6

C o l lins , 1 952 ,

3 7

H ard ing , 1 972 , P 1 .68E .

F ig .15 , p .41 .

3 8

i b ., P l .6 7D .

1 11

3 9

l b ., P l . 6 7C .

4 0

c p . n o 3 3 .

4 1

Hard ing , 1 972 , P l . 6 8G .

4 2

i b ., P l . 6 8B .

4 3

i b ., P l . 6 6F .

4 4

i b ., P l . 6 6B .

4 5

i b ., P l . 6 5A-D . T he s i mp le c ross p a t tern o n t he b ase s ee ms t ob e a d ev ice f or p os it ion ing t he a rcs wh ich o ccur e i ther i n f ours o r e igh ts a round t he v esse l . But t he b ow l w ith t he s p l it i nter lock ing a rcs f ro m F r i lford h as s ix a rcs .

4 6

Hard ing , 1 974 , p .198 .

4 7

Parsons & C urwen , 1 933 , F ig . 9 , n o 1 6 , p .171 . Th is s herd s hou ld b e v iewed t he o ther way u p .

I ti s b roken j ust b e low t he r im .

4 8

Curwen & Hawkes , 1 931 , F ig . 2 5 , p .196 .

4 9

Wor th ing Museum , 3 018?

5 0

I n for ma t ion f ro m F . H . T ho mpson E sq .

Another s herd f ro m t h is s i te

h as d ot ted l inear d ecorat ion o n e i ther s ide o f at oo led l i ne h igh o n t he s hou lder o f ar ounded b ow l . 5 1

Lowther , 1 946 , F ig . 5 , p .145 .

5 2

A s herd i n t he B arb ican Museum , L ewes . A r ow o f s quare impressions b etween p ara l le l t oo led l i nes f or m ing a p robab le c hevron ,

F ig .1 2 , n o 1 5 .

5 3

Hawkes , 1 939b , F ig .4 , n o 3 , p .282 .

5 4

i b ., F ig .4 , n os 1 & 2 .

5 5

The n u mber o f e xa mp les g iven wou ld b e much g reater i fp la in t oo led s tand ing a rcs were i nc luded , c p . H orsted Keynes , Hardy , 1 937 , F igs .3 -7 &9 ,p .2 58 . T h is p resen t s urvey i ncludes o n ly t hose s tand ing a rcs w h ich a re e i ther r ou let ted o r d ot ted , o r a re c o mb ined w ith s tamp d ecorat ion .

5 6

Parsons & C urwen , 1 933 , F igs . 1 3 &1 4 , p .171 ( d i mp le ).

5 7

Sm ith , 1 939 , F ig .14 , p .299 .

5 8

Lane-Fox , 1 881 , P l . XXV , n os 3 5 , 3 6 ,40 & 4 1 .

5 9

F rere , 1 944 , p .66 , l i sts s o me e xamp les .

6 0

Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 .

6 1

Hast ings & Cun l if fe , 1 965 , F ig . 1 2 , n os 1 8-20 , p . 2 8 .

6 2

I n for mat ion f ro m Mrs . M . U . J ones .

6 3

S a me s ource .The s ta mps a re f l ankedby r ows o f Zr ou let t ing , my F ig .19 ,no 2 .

6 4

B urche l l & F rere , 1 947 , F ig . 1 6 , n o 1 0 , p .38 .

6 5

L owther , 1 935 , p .23 .

6 6

Gray & B rewer , 1 904 ; 3s herds i n C he ltenha m Museum a nd A r t G a l lery .

6 7

S tan ford , 1 972 , F igs . 1 0 &1 2 , p p . 2 7 &2 9 .

6 8

One f urther s herd w ith ' duck ' s ta mp , d oub le c oncen tr ic c irc le a nd ' maggot ' s ta mps f ro m Merthyr Mawr , G la m ., Wa les , i l lustra ted i n Ear ly I ron Age Art i n Wa les , Na t iona l Museu m o f Wa les , S avory , 1 968 , F ig . 1 2 , n o 5 , p .13 .

6 9

Rodwe l l & Drury , 1 973 , p .9 4 , n ote 3 , r efers t o n otched r ou le t t ing f ro m Wick ford a nd Muck ing . Ih ave n ot s een t h is .

7 0

K le in & Sm ith , 1 928 , P l .x x i e , f ac ing 1 3 .8 4 .

7 1

Worsfo ld , 1 948 , F ig .4 , n o 5 , p .154 .

7 2

I n for mat ion f ro m Mrs . M . U . J ones .

1 12

7 3

Hast ings & Cun l if fe , 1 965 , F ig .6 , n o 1 , p .16 .

7 4

I n for ma t ion f ro m W .J .R odwe l l E sq .

7 5

Lowther , 1 945 , F ig .2 , n os 2 4 8 /2 6 , p .34 .

7 6

Th is r ese mb les t he ' berr ied r oset te ' wh ich o ccurs w ide ly o n e astern Eng lish meta lwork , f or e xamp le o n t he b ronze s tr ip f ro m a b ucket(? ) a t S an ton , Downha m , N orfo lk , o n t he U lceby , L incs ., b it r ing a nd f ro m E l mswe l l , S uffo lk . O n p ot tery t h is c an b e p ara l le led a t Hunsbury , Draughton , Desborough a nd B lack thorn , Nor than ts .

7 7

P iercy F ox , 1 969 , F ig .5 , n o 1 , p .191 .

7 8

I n for ma t ion f ro m Mrs . J ones .

7 9

L owther , 1 945 , F ig . 2 , n os 2 3 &2 5 , p .34 .

8 0

Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 ,

F ig . 1 0 , n os 5 & 7 , p .164 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 3 , p .165 .

8 1

Evans , 1 950 , N ote

1 45-6 .

8 2

Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , F ig . 9 , n o 5 , p .163 .

8 3

Po l l it t , 1 953 , P l . XX ( bot tom ), p .6 5 .

8 4

Rodwe l l & Drury , 1 973 , p .76 , F ig . 1 4 , n o 4 5 a nd n ote 2 , p .9 4 .

8 5

Bu l le id & Gray , 1 948 , P l . I , P .143 .

8 6

R odwe l l 8 / Drury , 1 973 , p .76 , F ig . 1 4 , n o 4 6 .

8 7

T he f oot r ing j ar f ro m C anewdon i s e x tre me ly t h in wa l led a nd e xpert ly

p p .

made . 8 8

I n for ma t ion f ro m D . G . Mac leod E sq .

8 9

Hawkes , 1 968 .

9 0

A l len , 1 958 .

9 1

I n Cambr idge Museu m o f A rchaeo logy a nd E thno logy , ( 51 .289 . C ).

9 2

C larke , 1 936 , F ig . 7 , n o 1 7 , p .16 .

9 3

Cun lif fe , 1 968 , F ig .3, n o 2 4 , p .187 .

F ox , 1 924 ,

F ig .A , p .221 .

9 4

i b ., F ig .4 , n o 5 2 , p .188 .

9 5

Wa inwr ight , 1 973 , F ig . 1 7 , P . 3 4 , p .3 6 .

9 6

Possib le f urther c ircu lar s ta mp , 8m ms e x terna l d ia meter , c o mb ined w ith a t oo led l ine p at tern f ro m H inderc lay , S uf fo lk . Not s een . Cun l if fe , 1 968 , F ig .5 , n o 6 3 , p .189 .

9 7

Cra 'ster , 1 960 , F ig . 8 , n o 1 00 , p .3 9

9 8

Cun lif fe , 1 974 , F ig .A 23 , n o 6 , p .338 .

9 9

F e l l , 1 952 ,

F ig .5 B , p .3 7 .

1 00

C larke , 1 936 , F ig . 7 , n o 1 5 , p .16 .

1 01

Har t ley , 1 957 , F ig . 8 , n o 3 6 , p .17 .

1 02

Gray , 1 933 ,

1 03

C un l if fe , 1 968 .

1 04

Cun l if fe , 1 974 .

1 05 1 06

I n for ma t ion f ro m Mrs . S .C . Hawkes . 1s herd f ro m u nder a S axon s i te . I n for ma t ion f ro m Mrs . M . U .J ones . Ma ter ia l f ro m 1 960-3 e xcava t ions .

1 07

I nfor ma t ion f ro m B . B . S i mmons E sq .

1 08

Baker , 1 958 ,

1 09

I n for mat ion f ro m G . Tay lor E sq .

1 10

S a me s ource .

1 11

Ap oss ib le Cont inenta l p ara l le l f or t h is v esse l i s a sma l l ' dr ink ing '

F ig . 5 , n o 1 1 , p .411 .

F ig . 3 , n o 1 , p .3 2 .

b eaker f ro m E cury-sur-Coo le ( Marne ) , b ut i ti s o n ly 1 4c ms t a l l . ( Schwappach , 1 969 , Abb . 2 3 , n o 2 , p .260 ).

1 13

1 12

May , 1 970 .

1 13

B irche l l , 1 965 .

1 14

May , 1 970 , p .2 36 .

1 15

F ro mo ls , 1 955 .

1 16

T here a re o ver 1 00 s herds b ear ing o n ly r ou let ted d ecorat ion o f wh ich t he B r it ish Museu m h as a l arge c o l lect ion a nd t he R ed House Museu m , C hr istchurch , Han ts ., h as a s e lect ion .

1 17

Bushe-Fox , 1 915 , P l . XX I , 3& 4 .

1 18

Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , p .166 .

1 19

F rere , 1 944 , p p .60 & 6 6 .

1 20

Ward-Perk ins , 1 938 , F ig . 9 , n os 1 -4 , p .163 & F ig . 1 1 , n o 1 , p .165 .

1 21

B irche l l , 1 965 , F ig . 1 , n os 3 & 4 , p .3 24 ; F ig . 2 , n o 1 3 , p . 3 25 ; F ig .3 , n o 2 8 , p .326 . C lass I a .

1 22

Reader , 1 909 , p p . 1 72-3 .

1 23

R ichardson & Y oung , 1 951 , p .138 .

1 24

Bu l le id & Gray , 1 917 , p p . 5 02 ,456 & 4 65 ; h orn s ta mps H .19 .74 , 7 5 8 1 3 48 .

1 25

i b ., e d . C ot ton , 1 966 , p p .3 03 & 3 43 ; P l . LV , p .2 97 ( H .206 ); P l . LX I , p .3 33 .

1 26

2 meta l ' whee ls ' w ith c ogs o f d iame ters 2 .0 & 1 .8 c ms were f ound a t t he o pp idu m o f S tradon ice i n C zechos lovak ia . T hey a ppear o n ap age o f i l lustrat ions o f s im i lar ' whee ls ' w ithout c ogs wh ich were p endan t f ro m b rooches a nd f unct ioned a s ad ress f asten ing . H owever , s o me p ot tery f ro m t h is s i te a ppears t o h ave r ou let ted d ecora t ion a nd t he e xcavator may h ave b een m istaken i n t he f unct ion o f t hese o b jects a s ac entra l a x le a nd a h and le wou ld make t he m e f f icien t r ou let te whee ls . P ic , 1 903 , T ab .X , n os 2 9 &3 0 .

1 27

Worsfo ld , 1 948 , p .152 , p hoto . P 1 .1 .

1 28

Peacock , 1 969 .

1 29

Heavy m inera l a na lys is h as p roduced u nencourag ing r esu lts . P oss ib ly microscop ic e xa m inat ion o f t h in s ec t ions wou ld b e more s at isfactory .

1 30

L owther , 1 945 , F ig .4 , n o 4 , p .37 .

1 31

B r iscoe , 1 949 , F ig . 1 6 , p .109 .

1 32

S chwappach , 1 969 , Abb .1 , S s . 1 9 , 2 2 &2 3 , p .2 16 .

1 33

i b ., T a fe l 1 7 ,10e .

1 34

Rad ford , 1 951 .

1 35

Murray-Thre ip land , 1 956 .

1 36

Dud ley , 1 956 .

1 37

Bu l le id & Gray , 1 917 , P l . LXXXV I II , P . 3 10 ; P l . LXXXV , P 2 70 .

1 38

i b ., 1 948 , P l .X I I , Ps . 1 21 & 1 22 .

1 38

J acobstha l , 1 944 , V o l . I .

1 39

i b ., V o l . I , P l . 2 62 , P s . 3 4-42 .

1 40

F rey & S chwappach , 1 973 .

1 41

S chwappach , 1 969 .

1 42

i b ., A bb . 9 , p .2 30 .

1 43

i b ., A bb .1 , p .2 16 .

1 44

i b ., Abb . 1 9 , p .2 48 .

1 45

S chwappach , 1 971 .

1 14

1 46

J acobstha l , 1 944 , V o l . I , P l . 2 08 , n o 4 05 & P l . 2 62 , P .17 .

1 47

Forman & Pou lfk , P 1 .125 .

1 48

S chwappach , 1 971 , Ta fe l 9 , n o 1 .

1 15