Social Trauma – An Interdisciplinary Textbook 3030478165, 9783030478162

Table of contents :
Introduction
Part I: Theory of Social Trauma
Part II: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy of Social Trauma
Part III: Developmental Psychology of Social Trauma
Part IV: Memory Studies
Part V: Social Psychology of Trauma
Part VI: Legal and Ethical Aspects
Part VII: Specific Methodology and Practice in Social Trauma Research
Part VIII: Social Trauma and Education
Contents
Part I: Theory of Social Trauma
Chapter 1: Social Trauma: A Bridging Concept
1.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
1.1.1 Clinical Theories of Trauma and Posttraumatic Conditions
1.1.2 Social Theories of Trauma
1.1.2.1 Cultural Trauma
1.1.2.2 Collective Trauma
1.1.2.3 Historical Trauma
1.1.2.4 Conceptual Criticism
1.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
1.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
1.3.1 Clinical Starting Point
1.3.2 Theoretical Implications: Relational Theory
1.3.3 Phenomena Related to Social Trauma
1.3.4 Mentalization Model of Social Trauma
1.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
1.4.1 Acknowledgment and Witnessing
1.4.2 Social Healing
1.4.3 Psychotherapy
1.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 2: Chosen Traumas and Their Impact on Current Political/Societal Conflicts
2.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
2.1.1 Massive Traumas
2.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
2.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
2.3.1 Large-Group Identity
2.3.2 Examples of the Re-inflammation of Ancestors’ Historical Images
2.4 Practical in The Field of Social Trauma
2.4.1 The Relationship Between Chosen Traumas and Chosen Glories
2.4.2 Wish to Replace a Chosen Trauma with an Old or New Glory
2.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 3: Cultural Memory
3.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
3.1.1 From Afterlife to Aftermath
3.1.2 Trauma
3.1.3 Impact Event
3.1.4 Historical Wounds
3.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
3.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Three Frames of Transmission—Identification, Ethics, and Empathy
3.3.1 The Identification Mode
3.3.2 The Ethical Mode
3.3.3 The Empathy Mode
3.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
3.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information (Best Practices, Web Sites, etc.)
References
Chapter 4: Cultural Trauma
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Learning Outcome to Social Trauma
4.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
4.4 Practical Implications for the Field of Social Trauma
4.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 5: The Wounds of History: About the Historical Dealing with Traumatic Experiences
5.1 Introduction: Crises Make History
5.1.1 Trauma
5.1.2 Historical Awareness
5.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
5.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Historization of Trauma
5.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
5.5 Further Reading
References
Part II: Clinical Aspects of Social Trauma
Chapter 6: The Complexity of Social Trauma Diagnosis and Intervention
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The Concept of Trauma in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
6.1.2 Psychoanalytic Trauma Theory
6.1.3 History of the Social Trauma Concept
6.1.4 How to Define a Traumatizing Event?
6.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
6.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: The Concept of Social Trauma
6.3.1 Psychological Reactions and Clinical Descriptions
6.3.1.1 Memory
6.3.1.2 Relatedness and Failed Empathy
6.3.1.3 Fragmented Narratives
6.3.2 Between the Individual and the Society: Transgenerational Trauma Transmission
6.3.3 Social Symptoms
6.4 Practical Implications for the Field of Social Trauma
6.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 7: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Social Trauma
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Learning Outcome
7.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Case Examples
7.4 Discussion and Implications for the Field of Social Trauma
7.5 Implications for Work with Social Trauma
7.6 Suggested Readings and Further Information on Work with Social Trauma
References
Chapter 8: Psychiatric Approaches to Social Trauma: From Normal Response to Psychopathology and Psychobiological Conceptions
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
8.2.1 Description of a Normal Response to Trauma
8.2.2 Psychopathologies
8.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Psychobiology
8.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
8.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 9: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approaches to Social Trauma
9.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
9.2 Learning Outcome Related to Trauma-Specific CBT Interventions to Social Trauma
9.3 Trauma-Specific CBT Intervention Approaches to Social Trauma
9.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
9.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 10: A Dialogical-Humanistic Approach to the Treatment of Complex Trauma Sequelae in Social Trauma
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
10.3 Suggested Model: The Dialogical-Humanistic Therapy
10.4 Practical Application
10.4.1 The Four-Phase Dialogic-Humanistic Trauma Therapy for PTSD
10.4.1.1 The Phase of Safety
10.4.1.2 The Phase of Stabilization and Stability
10.4.1.3 The Phase of Trauma Confrontation
10.4.1.4 The Phase of Integration
10.5 Recommended Literature
References
Chapter 11: Psychodynamic Imaginative Trauma Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Social Trauma
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
11.3 The Concept of Psychodynamic Imaginative Trauma Therapy (PITT)
11.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
11.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 12: Music Therapy and Social Trauma
12.1 Introduction: Methods of Music Therapy under Consideration of the Treatment for Posttraumatic Disorder
12.2 Essential Learning Content on Music Therapy and Social Trauma
12.3 Explanatory Approaches to Music, Music Therapy and Social Trauma
12.3.1 Some Reflections on Music, Political Violence and Social Trauma
12.3.2 Musical-Scenic Understanding
12.3.3 Psychodynamic Music Therapy for Social Trauma
12.3.4 State of Scholarly Knowledge
12.4 Practical Implications of Music Therapy for Social Trauma
12.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 13: Dance/Movement Therapy and Social Trauma
13.1 Introduction: Dance/Movement Psychotherapy (DMP)
13.2 DMP and Social Trauma
13.3 Selected Explanatory Model
13.3.1 Individual Therapy
13.3.2 Group Therapy
13.4 Practical Implications for the Area of Social Trauma
13.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 14: Using Psychodrama and Sociodrama to Overcome Social Trauma
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
14.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
14.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
14.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Part III: Developmental Psychology of Social Trauma
Chapter 15: Developmental Trauma and Society
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Developmental Trauma and the Concept of the Average Expectable Environment Revisited
15.1.2 The Impact of Loss on Child Development
15.1.2.1 Attachment Theory
15.1.2.2 Object Relations Theory
15.1.2.3 Mentalization and Regulation Theory of Attachment
15.1.3 Violence in Development
15.1.4 Clinical Perspective on Developmental Trauma: Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS) and Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD)
15.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
15.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
15.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
15.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 16: Complex and Sequential Traumatic Stress Disorders
16.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts
16.1.1 From the Historical Perspective
16.1.2 From the Perspective of Development
16.1.3 From the Analytical Perspective
16.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
16.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Case Example
16.4 Practical Implications for the Field of Social Trauma
16.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 17: Attachment and Mentalization in Social Trauma
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
17.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
17.4 Practical Implications: Mentalization and Attachment as Protective Factors
17.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 18: Age Differences in Childhood Trauma
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Developmental Differences in Reacting to Stressful and Traumatic Experiences
18.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
18.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
18.3.1 Concept of “Developmental Resourceology”
18.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
18.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Part IV: Memory Studies
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Memory in Trauma Survivors
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Biological Correlates
19.1.2 Cognitive Functioning in the Bosnian Sample of PTSD Patients
19.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
19.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
19.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
19.4.1 From Individual to Collective
19.4.2 Conclusion
19.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 20: Social Trauma Memory Construction
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
20.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
20.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
20.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 21: Development of Autobiographical Narrating: Possible Implications for Coping with Social Trauma
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
21.3 The Sociocultural Model of the Development of Autobiographical Narrating: The Possible Impact on the Experience and Consequences of Collective Violence
21.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
21.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 22: Trans-Generational Transmission of Trauma
22.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts /Discussions
22.2 The Trans-Generational Model
22.3 Attachment and Trauma Transmission
22.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
22.5 Suggested Reading
References
Part V: Social Psychology of Trauma
Chapter 23: Social Trauma: A Socio-Psychological Perspective
23.1 Introduction
23.1.1 The Power of the Situation
23.1.2 Prejudices
23.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
23.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
23.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
23.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 24: Organizational Psychology: Traumatic Traces in Organization
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Learning Outcomes Related to Social Trauma
24.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
24.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
24.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 25: Understanding Social Trauma in Low-Resource Settings
25.1 Background and Theoretical Concepts
25.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
25.3 Model of Explanation Social Trauma in LRS
25.3.1 Sociocultural Factors of Social Trauma in LRS
25.3.2 Economic and Political Factors and Social Trauma in LRS
25.3.3 The Social Trauma Response Spectrum
25.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
25.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 26: Social Identity Transformations and Social Trauma Nexus
26.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts
26.1.1 Social Identity, Intergroup Dynamics and Conflicts
26.1.2 Collective Trauma Narratives and Their Transmittance
26.2 Learning Outcomes: Responses and Societal Dealing with Social Trauma
26.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
26.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma: Education for Peace
26.5 Suggested Readings and Further Information
References
Chapter 27: Secondary Traumatization
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Learning Outcome for Social Trauma
27.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Social Trauma in the Context of Secondary Traumatization
27.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
27.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Part VI: Legal and Ethical Aspects
Chapter 28: Legal and Ethical Aspects of Social Trauma
28.1 Introduction
28.1.1 Public Policy and Social Trauma Nexus in Forced Migration
28.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
28.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
28.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
28.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Chapter 29: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Social Trauma
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
29.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
29.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
29.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 30: Environmental Violence and Social Trauma in a Post-War Context: A Psychoanalytic Approach
30.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
30.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
30.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
30.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
30.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Chapter 31: Ethical Aspects of Social Trauma Research
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
31.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
31.3.1 Competence
31.3.2 Informed Consent
31.3.3 Confidentiality
31.3.4 Recruitment of Participants
31.3.5 Relations and Boundaries
31.3.6 Representation
31.3.7 Neutrality, Advocacy, and Politics
31.3.8 Postresearch Obligations
31.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
31.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Chapter 32: Social Trauma Between Psycho-Criminology and Psycho-Victimology
32.1 Introduction: The History of Humanity Is Based on Violence––But Why Violence?
32.2 Learning Outcome for Social Trauma: The Psychological Work Between Crime, Social Trauma, and Individual Trauma
32.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: The Specific Example of the Social Trauma of Yezidi Women
32.4 Practical Implications of Psycho-Victimology in the Context of Social Trauma
32.5 Recommended Further Reading and Information
References
Part VII: Specific Methodology and Practice in Social Trauma Research
Chapter 33: Social Trauma Research
33.1 Introduction
33.1.1 Scientific Research as Cause/Justification of Social Traumatic Events
33.1.2 Specific Methodological Issues in Researching Social Trauma
33.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
33.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
33.4 Practical Implications
33.4.1 The Social Trauma Research Context
33.4.2 Sampling Issues
33.4.3 Finding Scientific Literature on the Topic of Social Trauma
33.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Chapter 34: Quantitative Research in Social Trauma
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Learning Outcomes Related to Social Trauma
34.2.1 Research Questions
34.2.2 Study Design
34.2.3 Sampling Procedures
34.2.4 Measurements
34.2.5 Data Analysis
34.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
34.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
34.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 35: Qualitative Approach to Social Trauma Research
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
35.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
35.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
35.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 36: Videotestimony Research
36.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts/Discussions
36.1.1 Testimony, History, and Veridicality
36.1.2 Social Trauma, Uncertainty Cloud, and Acknowledgment
36.1.3 The Video Dispositif
36.2 Learning Outcome Related to Social Trauma
36.3 Preferred Model of Explanation
36.3.1 Scenic Narrative Microanalysis (SNMA)
36.3.2 A Case Example
36.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
36.5 Suggested Reading and Further Information
References
Part VIII: Social Trauma and Education
Chapter 37: Education and Social Trauma
37.1 Introduction
37.1.1 Modernistic Approaches to Education
37.1.2 Postmodernist Approaches to Education
37.1.3 Nationalism, Collective Identities, and Education
37.2 Learning Outcomes
37.3 Preferred Model of Explanation: Examples from Educational Systems
37.3.1 Segregation in Schools and Its Consequences
37.3.2 The Influence of Structural Variables on the Segregation and Maintenance of Elements of Social Trauma
37.3.2.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina
37.3.2.2 Kosovo
37.3.2.3 Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, and Romania
37.3.2.4 Kazakhstan
37.3.2.5 Tajikistan
37.3.3 Language, Status, and Political Power: The Impact of Model Behavior
37.3.4 Perception of Citizenship
37.3.5 Attitudes toward Segregation/Desegregation
37.3.6 School Books: Books Reflecting Society
37.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
37.5 Suggested Reading
References
Chapter 38: Education of Migrants and Vulnerable Groups: Trauma or Protective Factor?
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Learning Outcomes
38.3 The Main Lines of Effective Integration Policies of Migrant Children and Youth in Education
38.4 Practical Implications for the Field of Social Trauma
38.5 Suggested Further Reading and Information
References
Chapter 39: University Level Education on Social Trauma
39.1 Introduction: Background and Main Theoretical Concepts
39.2 Learning Outcome(s) Related to Social Trauma
39.3 Preferred Model: The International Interdisciplinary Masters Course “Social Trauma” (CST)
39.4 Practical Implications in the Field of Social Trauma
39.5 Suggested Reading
References
Index