SCADA-системы. Промышленные шины и интерфейсы

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CALS.К CALS (Computer – aided Acquisition and Logistic Support – ) – [1]. CALS – – (Continuous Acquisition and Life cycle Support) – , , , . , . , CALS, , CALS-

,

(

-

)

[2]. CALS

, ,

,

ША [3].

, : ,

-

, CALS,

-

;

;

,

, , .

3

(

),

-

. CALS : 1. MIL-STD-1840A «А ».

.

2. MIL-STD-1388-2A/2B «А / , -

». Э MIL-STD-1388-2A

.

-

,

MIL-STD-1388-

2B – 3. MIL-D-28000 « ».

. -

,

-

.

(

)

, -

, . 4. MIL-M-28001A « ».

-

. , . 5. MIL-R-28002 « ». Э

CALS ( ША) .

,

4. .

I II

4

,

-

,

-

. 6. MIL-D-28008 «

». . -

, . 7. GOSIP « ». Э

, -

1990 . ISO .

». Э

8. PDES «

-

ША. ,

,

-

( )

.

,

-

,

.

9. STEP «

». PDES,

№4 ISO. 1991 . 10. POSIX « ». POSIX

-

. 184-

-

UNIX ,

. Ada

FORTRAN, UNIX. 11. CITIS « ». Э

-

, 5

ША -

(

)

.

,

-

ША. CALS

-

PDM (Product Data Management). [3]: 1. PDM,

– -

PDM – .

– , .

2.

. PDM,

-

, .

3.

. PDM,

:

. ,

,

. ., . . PDM-

4. К

-

.Э

5. К

-

. . PDM, -

. 6. PDM,

, . CALSERP (En6

terprise Resource Planning – .

), ,

.1.1

, , [2].

CALS-

1–

: , .

2 –

.

-

3–

, 4– .

. ,

: 5–

: ,

,

. .

6– .

6–

-

-

, .

7– ,

. 8–

, -

.

9–

,

, ,

.

.

7

10 –

-

1 2 3 4 5

Д

6 7 8 9 10

я

я

: CAD-CAE, CAM, PDM, TDM, SFC, B2B, BBP, GAAS

Рис.1.1.

Д я: ERP, MPR-II, MPR

ERP-

К , . (

), ,

. , ,

,

,

.

,

. -

CALSCALS-

,

)

(

-

.

,

CALS

. – MES(ManufacManufacturing Enterprise Solutions), , . MES, , -

turing Execution System

, .

MESERP-

– -

, -

[4]. MES:

1.

,

,

,

-

,

-

. 2. . 3. . : ,

; 9

-

, . .

. : –

,

,

-

; ,

.

:

-

; ,

. :

-

; ; ;

.

( .1.2): ERP, MESsory Control and Data Acquisition – А

SCADA (Supervi– ).

ERP – -

-

. –

. ERPR/3 (SAP), BAAN V (BAAN), Oracle Application (Oracle Corporation), MFG/PRO (QAD), People Soft (People Soft Inc/), One-World (J.D.Edvards), BPCS (System Software Associates), Syteline (Symix Systems). ERP: , , . . – , , , , . – . ERP– ERP . , CALS.

10

ERP

MES

SCADA

Рис.1.2. MES-

–

.

– ,

/

-

.

, , -

, , .

MES-

ERPMES.Э

[5],

. ,

.Э

, , ,

. , .

-

. MES-

-

,

-

. 11

, , MES-

ERP

,

-

MES .

ERP . MES,

(

,

, «

» (

)

14 , -

, , ,

.).

Preactor (

)

8.

, ,

-

MES-

.

-

, . SCADA-

: -

, ;

; ;

,

,

;

; ;

; (MES-

)

. )

А

(SCADA-

-

. (

.1.3).

, , . SCADA-

:

;

DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange), OPC (OLE for Process Control) ; SQL , , , , . SCADA – .

12

ERP -

;

SCADA - SCADA – ; -

Рис.1.3.

А

А -

MES

SCADA:

, ,

;

, ;

. SCADA( ; ; (

)

;

;

; ; (А

: К); ;

)

;

(

);

. К SCADA:

-

;

; . .

13

SCADA: SCADA( .1.4).

– Remote Terminal Unit (RTU – ( . К RTU

),

,

) ,

,

.К

– ), Mas-

,

« MS –

. Master Terminal Unit (MTU – ter Station (MS – »(

-)

), , .

-

(HMI). MTU (

) / .

SCADA –

Communication System (CS – ), , )

( -

-

RTU.

CS

Workstation Minicomputer PBX

М

Minicomputer

я

RTU

MTU

Рис.1.4.

SCADAА

: RTU, MTU, CS, ( .1.5). SCADA-

, 100000.

14

М я (HIS - Human Interactive Subsystem)

Mac II

я (TIS - Task Interactive Subsystem)

Mainframe

ъе а е ия

Рис.1.5.

SCADAА

(

)–

-

. , SCADA, . SCADA-

-

[6]: ,

-

; –

RTU; ;

;

; ,

, (

, .1.6); К 15

,

-

; .

Рис.1.6. А

, (Wonderware, ША)

SCADA-

InTouch

SCADA-

MS Windows , ,

. HMIUnited States DATA Co., SCADA(

),

.

Windows NT.

-

,

. , -

. , ,

А

,

. . SCADA. SCADA-

(ETHERNET, ARCNET . .) (NETBIOS, TCP/IP

. .), -

(HART, Modbus on TCP/IP, Profibus, Canbus, LON А .1.7.

.). SCADA -

SQL -

Ethernet : ;

VAX

FieldBUS

Рис.1.7.

SCADA17

SCADA–

(

. .1.1) VBasic,

-

, , ,

,

-

. SCADA-

[6]: (

-

, ); ( VBasic –

.

). ,

, (Toolkits).

,

: SQL, DDE –

,

. . , -

, , ,

. .К К

, ,

,

/

,

. -

. , . , .

1.1. SCADA - сис In Touch iFIX Factory Link GENESIS Real Flex

SCADAи – и Wonderware Intellution Unated States DATA Co. Iconics BJ Software Systems 18

ША ША ША ША ША

RSView Simplicity Monitor Pro WinCC Sitex Citect Trace Mode MIK$Sys К -2000 IGSS BridgeVIEW Advantech Studio

ША ША

Rockwell Software Inc. GE Fanuc Automation Schneider Electric SIEMENS Jade Software CiTechnologies AdAstra Co.

А , . , . , .

«К » Seven Technologies National instruments Advantech

ША

–

SCADA-

. .

.

SCADA,

. ,

, ,

, . . , -

, , . . :

, -

, ,

)

( ;

–

;

– (

.1.8).

19

Рис.1.8. Э

SCADA-

In Touch

RTU – .

RTU

-

, ,

, .

К

Э

.

RTU , (PC).

, RTU:

PC

-

(PLC). PC

, ,

). А

Advantech (

,

,

. – , (

-

)

. :

PC, ,

.

-

,

,

, .

(

)

-

К /

-

/ ,

,

,

,

,

К ETHERNET,

, (

, . RS-485,

). PLC

, IEC-61131-3,

PLC SCADA-

, – ,

(MTU). 21

-

1992

. IEC-61131-3: SFC (Sequential Function Charts); FBD (Function Block Dia-

grams); LD (Leader Diagrams); Text); IL (Instruction List).

:

ST (Structured

;

-

. .);

-

; (

,

,

,

,

; .

IEC-61131-3, , :

/

; ,

;

-

. , ISaGRAF (CJ-International, Paradym 3 (Intellution, ША) HMI, (

, , ), InControl (Wonderware, ША), . , -

.1.9).

MS Windows К

-

Рис.1.9.

22

, SIEMENS ( Electric ( Advantech ( Mitsubishi ( WAGO (

), PEP Modular Computers ( ), Schneider ), GE Fanuc ( ША, К ), Octagon Systems ( ША), ), Allen Bradley ( ША), Omron ( ), ), National Instruments ( ША), Grayhill ( ША), ), VIPA ( ), Fastwel ( ) . SCADA– RTU, / .

Mode . InTouch /

. , Trace SCADA FactoryLink, . SCADA-

: (Dynamic Data Exchange – DDE) . DDE Microsoft OLE (Object Linking and Embedding – ). OLE SCADARSView, FIX, InTouch, Factory Link . ), OLE OPC (OLE А . . SCADA-

,

, , OPC-Toolkits OPC Server Toolkit, OPC Client

. OPCFactorySoft Inc., Toolkit, OPC-

.

OPC-

[7]. А

, 23

.1.10,

-

.1.11

.

-

, (PC, ,

PLC

PLC)

.

, . SCADA-

Citect

Mode ,

-

Trace -

.

Рис.1.10.

А

PC,

, .

К

PC, , PC

, PLC, .1.12).

(

-

-

, .

(

)

, .

, .

24

, ,

, ,

,

-

Citect

-

.

я

Рис.1.11.

А

-

К.

SCADA-

,

. ,

-

, .

, ,

. /

. . Э :

/

; ;

.К 25

;

, .

-

, /

/

,

-

[6].

я

Рис.1.12. К

А

-

и

1.2.

и SCADA-сис

SCADA–

-

, ,

,

,

HMI,

.

SCADA, SCADA-

: ; А

; ;

,

,

,

; 26

,

, -

, А

; ,

; SCADA:

.

(

, );

(

-

, , );

-

( ,

, (

); );

(

, -

,

). Wonderware

Factory Suite

: InTouch – SCADA; IndustrialSQL Server – ; InControl – ; Scout – ; InTrack –

Internet/Intranet – ; InBatch – . InTouch – SCADA. HMI , :

-

.

-

; ;

-

InTouch

-

.

,

. Э , ,

. -

PC, . InTouch .

: 27

,

,

,

,

: DDE – DDE –

/ InTouch-

); OLE –

SCADA-

, . SCADA InTouch , (

( FactorySuite .

-

); OPC – InTouch FactorySuite. Э , Wonderware, SuiteLink.

, ,

/ Citect

SCADA-

), , ,

-

-

. Ci Technologies , . К SCADA, Citect ( / , , : 75, 150, 500, 1500, 5000, 15000,

50000, 150000, 450000. ,

Citect

-

. Citect : I/O –

5000 . Citect /

( /

itect); Display – : Citect ( ,

( , ); Alarms – , ); Trends – ,

( ); Reports –

( 28

-

, ).

К

Citect

-

, PC

.

PC (primary),

Citect,

.

– (standby).

-

PC. ,

,

-

, ,

Citect, . Citect , ,

, ,

SCADA.

, ,

,

, А

, ,

(

,

-

.1.13).

, .

Citect (Library Objects), .

800 , , SCADA-

ё

, (ё . .).

Citect

.

29

,

, -

Рис.1.13.

-

SCADA-

Citect

Citect

SCADACitectScada Batch 5.42 ,

CitectScada Batch, (batch-

) [8]. SCADACitectScada ( .1.14).

CitectScada

MSDE, –

-

.К Batch.

CitectScada Batch

,

-

ActiveX.

Д MSDE

Batch К

/ ActiveX CitectScada

text

Ж

я

/ ActiveX

Рис.1.14.

CitectScada Batch CitectScada Batch

-

.

-

Batch

. ,

. SCADABridgeVIEW – ments. SCADAVIEW. , 31

А

National InstruLab-

, Excel, Access.

, SCADA-

-

BridgeVIEW –

G,

. .

Internet –

– IMAQ Vision; Internet Developers Toolkit; Advanced Analysis. К [9]: SQL Toolkit – ; SPC Toolkit –

; PID Control Toolset – , Fuzzy Logic; Internet Developers Toolkit – Internet; IMAQ Vision – , , ; G Math Toolkit – ; FlexMotion VI Library, ValueMotion VI Library – . BridgeVIEW . – (Engine Process), ( ), , . – (User Process), , , . . , SCADA(VI) ( .1.15). Э , , , . –

, .

–

– .

BridgeVIEW

: (

: ,

G. Tag Configuration Edition. , .

)

, .

32

Рис.1.15.

SCADA-

BridgeVIEW

К

G -

-

. /

, , . .

, LabVIEW, BridgeVIEW . ,

, -

, .

Ш

SCADA-

Advantech Studio (AStudio) SCADA–

Advantech. eAutomation, ,

[9]. К

,

eAutomation

:

-

; , А

;

, -

, »;

« , ,

;

-

, ; К eAutomation : IBM PC Web( , , . К Web-

( .1.16 AStudio).

,

. , .1.16). , InternetSCADAWebLink WebOIT

34

Ethernet , ,

-

AStudio –

ERP -

У / Internet Browser Intranet

М

W ebOIT WebLink

К AStudio

К

К

Рис.1.16.

,

ADAM-4000, ADAM-5000

eAutomation

Advantech

AStudio SCADAeAutomation. К Windows XP/2000, Windows CE; HTML, Web, Explorer, Netscape, OPC, ; ; ; ; DDE; ; ; ,

,

: -

MS Internet ; ; 100 XML; , ; ,

;

-

. SCADA-

AStudio ,

– .

AStudio : , ,

–

, , ;

– ,

,

,

/

,

,

,

. .;

–

-

, -

, , . . ActiveX AStudio , ODBC.

. /

, ,

,

. AStudio e-mail. AStudio – ,

36

-

,

. ,

, -

. SCADA-

AStudio : -

Modbus, Modbus on TCP/IP, Profibus-DR . AStudio OPC , OPC. Windows AStudio ODBC, TCP/IP, DDE, . SCADATrace Mode 5 – А А , К (Softlogic ). Trace Mode 1993 . AdAstra Research Group, Ltd ( , . ). SCADA Softlogic Trace Mode 5 DCOMMicrosoft ( ША), (Windows NT TM , Windows 2000, SQL Server, MS Office .). Trace Mode , ( .1.17). . PLC OPC DDE, T-COM. Trace Mode OPC, DDE DCOM. Trace Mode SQL/ODBC. Trace Mode, Visual C, Visual Basic, Borland Delphi – ActiveX . Trace Mode 5 Windows NT А , SCADA. : ( ) , PLC; А ; TM а . 37

Се

е

Trace Mode 5

У Д К

Trace Mode DCOM

SQL/ODBC OPC

DCOM OPC DDE/NetDDE

T-COM OPC DDE

T-COM OPC DDE

я

я

Д

Рис.1.17. А

,

SCADA-

Trace Mode 5

Trace Mode 5

К

– (

-

) [10]. IEC-61131-3, К. К ( FBD)

, , (

-

IL). Trace Mode 5

FBD

IL ,

150

-

. –

,

-

(

,

)

-

. .

-

,

-

(Ш

),

-

(

,

,

,

,

,

. .).

-

, ,

. IL

. Trace Mode 5 А ,

.

К) Mode 5,

А

.К

К

( К Trace

, ,

А

. -

,

– Trace Mode 5.

,

TM

А (

,

/ ),

,

К

, 39

К

К.

.А К, -

-

-

.

, , А

-

. . .

,

, ,

Visual Basic, Visual

,

,

,

. . ActiveX,

C++

. . Trace Mode , А . : Excel, Access, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, BaseStar, R/3, ( , ), : TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBeui, DCOM, DDE/NetDDE, OPC. А В Trace Mode. Э PC – , , . TRACE MODE GSM: Micro TRACE MODE Modem+

Micro TRACE

MODE GSM+. (

).

Trace Mode –

,

,

-

, ,

, ,

. ) А Supervisor,

( Trace Mode 5 , 40

0,001 [10]. А 0,001 .

-

-

.

-

К,

,

. .

, , Те

,

. , К, е

/ , и ова ие SCADA- и , . SCADA, . .( .1.18).

К,

, ,

,

SCADA -

SCADA 1

SCADA 2

Рис.1.18.

SCADA 3

SCADA-

[6]

SCADA-

-

. . , , . ,

,

,

ActiveX

. 41

-

Р

2.

РА

А

щи

2.1.

Р

Р

с

Р

А

и

и

Р и

с и

К (

),

-

(

),

, , ,

, .

-

К.

К,

, -

,

,

. ,

, ,

/ ,

, .

К

[11]

MIPS ), . .

( , (

,

,

,

)

PLC

. PLC: -

;

-

; (

,

,

,

.); .

А PLC

,

, -

,

. ,

А ,

А

–

. -

,

42

А

. ( .

.2.1):

А , .

,

,

,

,

-

,

-

,

А (

,

-

.2.2):

,

.

А

[12]:

-

( А ); ;

; ; ,

,

, ;

,

, ,

,

,

А

,

А

;

; , ; HMI ; ;

, ,

-

.

43

;

М и

И

е

е

и

е

я

К

К е

е

я У

У е

,

Рис.2.1.

А

и е е

и

М

и

И

е

е

и

е

я

К

К е

е

я К

а

,

я

е

я У

Д

,

Рис.2.2.

Д

е

,

А

и е е

и

-

А

. А

:

(

) (

1

,

, Modbus on TCP/IP, Profibus, / ; А ; К 280/112 , , ; ;

)

/ /

; ; ;

. ,

-

, VME

, , VME9300-42, IUC9000 (PEP Modular Computers), SIMATIC S5-115F, SIMATIC S7-400 (SIEMENS), Premium, Quantum (Schneider Electric), 90-30, 90-70 (GE Fanuc), 600 (Octagon Systems). К А А

,

: ;

/ 1000;

.

А

:

К ( ) , , Modbus, HART, Profibus 1 / ; ; / 100 300, ; ; ; ; . А К VME9000, IUC9000, SMART (PEP Modular computers) . : VME К ; К IUC9000 SMART; OS9 46

К;

К;

IEC61131-3); bus; «

ISaGRAF ( Ethernet, Profibus, Mod; , . ISA) PLC -

», .

К : PCI –

;

-

.

( /

+24 ; /

/

, CPU, DIN – :

. (

)

; ; PID –

; ;

;

; .2.3. К ( 200 (2), /

,

.

К

C200

),

(1), ControlNet (3)

. -

(4). ,

. HONEYWELL (2) –

C200 (

)8

. 100

-

PowerPC 603E. ( )

,

-

К –

4 . -

,

(5) -

.

ControlNet (CNI) (3) – ControlNet. 47

OK

1

2

4 3

3 Honeywell

OK

1

2

5 3

3 Honeywell

Рис.2.3.

-

HONEYWELL ( ША) -

: ,

; -

-

; . PLC

-

. : 1. 2. 3. 4.

(

)

.

(

,

). .

(

-

). 5.

-

. 6.

( ). .К

К– ,

48

(T )

-

-

(

50 0,2 – 4,0

)

(

(T )

)

[11].

T .

1 К

(CPU)

.Э

-

-

.

.К

,

-

.

.2.4 , T ,T , ;T

(T )

К. К, ,

;T -

T -

Modbus, Profibus. (

) .

(

)

T ,

. , .

49

-

T

T

T

T

1

T

2

N

)

T К1

T

1

К2

T

К

T

2

N

N

)

Рис.2.4.

/ Modbus ( ), Profibus ( ) , ,

,

; / ; (Modbus, Ethernet, -

:

Profibus, CAN, Internet

.); (

ISaGRAF, Ultralogic, UltraC/C++ .); ( S-9, QNX-4.25 .); SCADA(DDE, OPC). 50

-

А

: , ;

А

-

К

;

SCADA;

; WEB – (32-

/ Internet ( ); ; , /

),

12 /

/ ;

-

;

(

, , , 2.2.

-

,

-

,

. .). и

и

с

и -

А

. ,

,

-

. . , А

,

«

, »

-

. – CAN –

(Controller Area Network), 70XX Robert Bosch GmbH ( ) . CAN1993 . ISO 11898. ISO 11898 Bosch CAN 2.0A/B – CAN. 51

-

CAN -

– Open System Interconnection, – (

OSI/ISO (OSI ) .2.5).

и

7

CAN HLP

с

и

6

с

5

с

4 3 2

и и

с и

Bosch CAN 2.0A/B ISO 11898

1 CAN

Рис.2.5.

OSI/ISO CAN-

[13]

ISO 11898 ,

,

8 ,

. ,

CAN,

,

8 . CAN HLP (CAN Higher Level Protocol – CAN), , ( .2.5), CAN. , . OSI/ISO А , . CAN : CAL/CANopen, CAN Kingdom, DeviceNet, SDS (Smart Distributed System). 52

CAL : CAN(CMS-CAN Message Specification); (NMT – Network Management); (DBT – Identifier Distributor); (LMT – Layer Management). CMS , CAN, , , 8 . master-slave. NMT, – NMT. . DBTDBT. LMT( , , ) CAN. CANopen CAL ( , , ) ( , , , CANopen . .). OSI CAN (ISO 11898, CAN Specification 2.0 A/B) ( .2.6). ISO 11898 ( – ) CANopen , : 9D-Sub (DIN 41652), 5Mini (ANSI/B93.55M-1981), 5. CANopen : , , , , . CANopen – 64, : 1 / , 800, 500, 250, 125, 50, 20, 10 К / . 53

CANopen -

– COB ( ommunication Object), CAN: – Process Data Objects (PDO); – Service Data Objects (SDO); – Special Function Objects; – Network Management Objects. – PDO SDO. SDO ( 8 – CAN) . Э PDO. PDO ( ) ( ) 8 ( CAN), , SDO, . с

и и с

и ии с Р

и

(CAL + NMT

DBT

и и

и и и

и А

с

и

LMT

и

.

и ) CMS

Bosch CAN 2.0A/B ISO 118098

с и Ш

и

и и

CAN

Рис.2.5. А

CANopen CANopen

:

; 54

;

/ -

. -

. ,

,

.

-

. , :

CANopen / (

-

DSP-401); (DSP-402);

HMI (DSP-403); (WD-404) . CAN CANopen

,

, , ( DeviceNet – Bradley –

.К ,

-

500 ).

,

1994 . .

Allen-

DeviceNet

– 4. viceNet (CAN_H, CAN_L, Vcc, Ground), 500 . К ( -

DeBelden ) -

,

, 65%. .2.1. 200

500 К 24

(1,65

2

DeviceNet DeviceNet –

/ .

, ), 3 А –

8А 2 (0,33, 0,22 ).

55

: 125, -

2.1. DeviceNet -

-

3082А (

( 3083А

(

, /

,

0,96 1,65

22,7 11,8

5,9

12,2

-

120

39.4

,

0,22 0,33

90,9 57,4

10,5

7,0

-

120

39.4

,

0,96 1,65

22,7 11,8

5,9

12,2

-

120

39.4

,

0,22 0,33

90,9 57,4

10,5

7,0

-

120

39.4

) 3085А

,

2

)

(

,

Э

-

) 3084А

Belden

-

,

)

DeviceNet )

«

»(

-

. .

DeviceNet ,

CAN»

«

-

. -

:

/

(I/O messages) « ,

»; ; (Explicit messages) « -

«

-

»

»,

-

;

. 8 . -

slave), peer)

-

(multi-master) . 56

(master(peer-to-

, (change of state). DeviceNet – 64. 2048 ( 32 ). SDS

-

-

Honeywell Inc

PLC ( ) А . DeviceNet SDS Predefined Master/Slave. А SDS OSI/ISO – , .Ш ( ) ( .2.6). : Mini ( ) – 48 А, 5, micro ( ) – 4, 3 А, 4.

-

-

SDS

Рис.2.6.

SDS

, Layer Protocol Data Unit) – . APDU – CANSDS-

SDS (APDU – Application ( ), .2.7).

SDS ( (ID3 – ID9) APDU (3, ID10 (DIR) address) .

-

7-

( SDS – 126). (0…7)

) APDU. , ,

– ,

57

-

(device -

. .

RTR SDS CANAPDU APDU . (2…8)

:

.

-

DLC APDU CAN(EOID)

, . 6 4 )

-

(2), (Service Specifier), (

64

APDU.

7 6 5 4 ID 10 ID 9 ID 8 ID 7 ID 2 ID 1 ID 0 RTR

3 2 1 0 ID 6 ID 5 ID 4 ID 3 DLC (Data Length Code)

1 2

CAN 7

6

DIR APDU Type

5

4

3

2

0

Device Address DLC (Data Length Code) 0 APDU

1 2

SDS

Рис.2.7.

APDU HART Field Communications А

(smart) mote Transduser –

. HART

HART

Rosemount « 4 – 20 А. HART : 1200

1

«1» ,

«0» HART

/

4 – 20 А (Highway Addressable Re) , . [14]. 80», smart , 2200 . (

58

SDS

.2.8).

Рис.2.8.

HART-

: «К» –

,« »–

HART /

К

1,2 .

-

15 (

.2.9). (

1

15). .

-

.2.2 .

2.2. ( ис

и 1 5 10 15

( 65 / 2,8 2,5 2,2 1,8

)

95 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4

1,02 /

) 160 / 1,3 1,1 1,0 0,9

HART

225 / 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7

15

RS232/HART Ме а -681

Рис.2.9. HARTА 4 – 20 А.

, HART-

HART-

4 – 20 А. 60

-

. HART-

(

«

-670»). -

4 – 20 А, . HART, 8UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter – ). К - , ( .2.10). «1»,

-

. 0

D00 D01 D02 D03 D04 D05 D06 D07

P

1

8

Рис.2.10.

HART-

К

: ,

-

;

, . .К ,

: К

, HART-

, 16.

(

)

( , – ,

HART, .2.11). -

, (

.

61

)

щ

«

с

с

и »

–

[ и –

«

щ

с

с

.

]

» [

Рис.2.11

]

.

HART-

.

HART-

-

,

HARTHART-

. .

: -

, ,

,

,

. .

.Э

, .К 12-15

, -

, HART.

.Э . -

А

Modbus

Modicon Inc. [15]. master (MS) – slave (SL) ( master

slave

MS

SL

К

К

К

К

Рис.2.12. Modbus 62

.2.12).

Modbus SL

SL. К 247. MS / (

MS

(

247 1 -

SL), SL). , Modbus

,

:

,

,

.К -

. :

,

,

,

,

(RTU

,

ASCII).

-

, .

-

,

. RTU . 4-

8RTU

ASCII ,

16-

,

.

ASCII .

RTU .

1

CRC-16 (Cyclic Redundancy Check) LRC-16 (Longitudinal Redundancy Check). ( / ) , X 16 ( (MSB) . X 16 + X 15 + X 2 + 1 , 16 ), 11000000000000101. , 16, , , , ( ) . , X 16 + X 15 + X 2 + 1 . CRC, , . 63

К

RTU .

.

,

3,5

,

-

, ,

–

.

,

RTU

8ASCII (

2,

SLMS. К

,

.2.13). ,

SL

-

. 0. ,

SL

-

.

T1-T3

[ 8

8

К

]

.

N*8

T1-T3

16

Рис.2.13.

Modbus

RTU SL

. ,

SL ,

.Э

, . Modbus.

2.3.

К

01

.2.3

-

Modbus с и

и READ COIL STATUS (ON/OFF)

02

READ INPUT STATUS (ON/OFF)

03

READ HOLDING REGISTERS

-

64

04

READ INPUT REGISTERS FORCE SINGLE COIL

05

ON

06

FORCE SINGLE REGISTER LOOP BACK DIAGNOSTIC TEST FETCH EVENT COUNTER COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM REPORT SLAVE LD.

08 09

13 17

OFF

, SL MS

-

MS MS SL

SL -

.2.14 ( ) 01

. Ш

(1/0) . А 2000

( ) 17. -

. .

SL,

,

-

,

. , . -

17

01

00

13

-

00

25

CRC B6

) К CRC 20-27 17

01

05

28-35

CD

6B

36-43

44-51

52-56

B2

0F

10

B6

) Рис.2.14.

0020 – 0056 17 ( )

( ) 65

К

А

К. .

(CL – Current Loop) (

, . .

3

.2.15). -

[16]. И

а

а

+

+

CL i=20 А

1/0

-

А

R

К

1/0

«0» = i17 А

-

)

1

+

CL1

2

+ -

+

CL2

-

+ -

)

Рис.2.15. CL; –

К: – (

–

)

CL (

, .2.15 ). 66

-

А. ),

i=20 «1» ( «0» (

, ,

2 А–

17

А, -

). ,

(

–

). . – 9,6 К

300 .

/

2000 1,2 К / . (

):

.

41« »(

«

( +/ -). Э 9,6 К /

.2.15 ). » ( +/ -) 500 .

RS-232C ,

. ,

)

2 -

,

, ,

( , -

[17]. RS-232C

-

. ,

8 –3

-

: «

TxD, » GND (

.2.16).

232C

9DB9 50

RxD RS25-

DB25. 19,2 К

RS-232C 16 . ,

/ ,

-

. RS-422А 50 , (10 1300 ).

,

13 , 100 К

/ 67

/

10

.

RS-485 32

-

32

. 2

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD

3(2)

3

2(3) GND

7

7(5) DB25 DB9

DB9

Рис.2.16.

RS-232

2.3.

: ,

, ,

, .

(SBC – Single Board Computer)

,

, / .Э Advantech, Diamond Systems, Lippert, Fastwel, Octagon Systems, SBS Technologies . SBC : -40…+85 o , ( g ). SBC . Э . 68

.

–

. .

-

SBC SBC

. ,

,

,

SBC

, -

[18]. «

»

, : PC/104, PC/104+, MicroPC, 3,5”, 5,25”, EBX, CompactPCI, VME. PC/104 –

90×96 15 . PC/104 ISA.

PC/104,

-

. (

) -

PC/104+ ,

MicroPC – gon Systems. 8-

– 20,32

.

-

PCI. 1990 .

, 114x124

Octa,

ISA. 3,5”

3,5, -

(148×95 ). 5,25” – 5(203×145 ). К , PC/104 PC/104+. EBX 5,25”, PC/104+. CompactPCI : – 32/64; – Eurocard 3U, 6U; : – 8/16; 32– 132 / . 69

VME – 32/64; – 21; – 40 / .

: – Eurocard 3U, 6U, 9U; – 20,32 : 32-

-

Technologies , ,

,

,

,

SBS -

.

,

-

.

SBS Technologies CompactPCI VME,

Intel Pentium®M. 6U : CP9, CT9 CR9.

CompactPCI .

9 ,

-

-

. 9 . CR9

,

,

. , ,

. -

USB, COM (RS232/485), Flash/SDRAM , Intel® Pentium® M

: Video, Audio, Fast Ethernet, / . -

.

,

. E7501/P64H2

-

, CP9

-

. «I», «C»

CT9 ,

+30 70

. 32

/133 M

.

3 PCI »

/133 64 1000 Intel 82546GB EthernetPCI 64 /66 M 10/100/1000 M / . PICMG 2.16.

«

/133 M / .

I-

/ 9 – CompactPCI/6U/8HP ( .2.17), Pentium M c 600 M Ethernet PICMG 2.16. , 2.5” HDD (

:

64 PCI

1,8

CompactFlash)

Intel Gigabit PCI-

.

Рис.2.17.

9 – CompactPCI/6U/8HP SBS Technologies Nvidia® GeForce™ 4 410/420 . , CompactPCI 64/66 MHz. 9 «

»

-

8

71

(

),

. 9 : VGA/LCD, 2xGigabit Ethernet, 5xUSB2.0, 2xCOM (RS232/422/485), LPT, , . Windows 2000/XP, QNX, VxWorks, Linux . 9 0/+70 , 40…+75 . , , , , . . 9 – ( .2.18), 9, (4HP). , 9 HDD, . CT9 ( ), IPMI (intelligent platform management interface), . , .

Рис.2.18.

CT9

72

SBS Technologies

R9 –

(

.2.19) , , , -

, . «

» . CR9

.

-

. К , ,

,

-

.

Рис.2.19. CR9 – CompactPCI SBS Technologies SBS Technologies .К

,

. 2004 SBS Technologies CL9, ( .2.20), 3U CompactPCI Intel Pentium M . 73

-

FSB 400

–

. (PC2700) DDR SDRAMs.

333 M

.

L9

-

: -

Intel Pentium M,

600 M 256 M 2,5” HDD;

Flash2 DVI/VGA 64 M ; COM1 COM2, RS232 ; 4xUSB 2.0; 2 Ethernet 10/100/1000BaseT; ,

1,8 1

; );

(

; – 0…+70

–

40…+75 ; -

.

L9 (8 ) . (4HP) VGA, Ethernet1, Ethernet2, USB, 2 RESET. (8HP) USB, COM1 COM2 DVI. . CompactFlash. Flash2 . CL9 , , , , . L9 ,

(4

)

-

DVI.

2,5” HDD IDE

,

, CompactPCI,

74

, -

. Intel Pentium M VME.

-

Рис.2.20. CL9 –

3U CompactPCI SBS Technologies.

75

РА

РА

1.

. . . .

.

2.

.– . ., ERP

// . 54-56. 3. К

.:

. . .

CALS,

А. .,

2002. – 176 . 4.

6. А 7. К

. .,

. // .А. SCADA. №1. 1999. .72-78. . CitectScada Batch

8.

. №11. 2004.

,

.А. MES. . №4. 2003. .64-73. . MES: . №4. 2003. .74-78. . . SCADA-

5.

«

. », 2003. – 264 .

. . . – .: ? //

, -

. //

-

. №11. 2002. .2-24. . //

-

. //

. №4. 2003. .46-47. А. Advantech Studio – SCADA

9. . //

WEB. №1. 2003.

.54-59. 10. А . . SCADA Softlogic TRACE MODE 5 2002 . // . , . №1. 2002. .7-13. 11. . ., . . А . // . №2. 2003. .78-84. 12. . ., А. ., . ., . . А . №5. 2001. .63-67. // 13. А. CAN// . №3. 1999. .6-15. 14. К . . HART , . // . №2. 2004. .75-77. 76

,

. .

-

15. Modicon Modbus Protocol. Reference Guide. PI-MBUS-300 Rev.J. June, 1996. 16. А. К . // . №3. 1999. .34-47. 17. . . . // . №11. 2001. .7-14. 18. К К. // . №4. 2003. .6-17.

77

Р А 1. 1.1. 1.2. 2.

2.1. 2.2. 2.3.

.................................................. 3 ............................................................................... 3 ы а а SCADA...................................... 26

а А

........................................................................... 42

а ы а ........................................................................................ 42 ы ы ы ы а а ы .. 51 а ы ы ы ы .............................. 68 ............................................................................................... 76

78

К 681.5(9075.32) К 32.965 723 56

. .

А. .К Ка

А А ЕВ – а И

ы

А , а а а а

а

: а

а «КВ :

а

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а ,

а , ы

а

а

ы а

А ЕВ ле

А А ,

. .

56

. SCADA.

А SCADA-

Р

РА

Р

Р

/ :

ISBN

-

-

«К Ш ».

К

Э

230103 «А »(

) »

«

-

«

».

681.5(9075.32) 32.965 723 ISBN

К Ш

.

© . . ©

Р

А

А

РА

Р

А

.

РА

с и

. . ; «К Ш », 2006.– 80 .

.

Р .

А

.

: «К Ш ».– К

А А .

авлович

, 2006 К Ш , 2006

.

.

221, 80 / 2. . . . 5.

А.В. а а В.В. а а ё

, № 1269 20.03.00. 60 90/16. « .- . . 2.84. 50

а . .

а

06.04.06 ». .

№ 143.

«К » . , . 38, . К , 236016 .: (0112) 45-12-23, 45-16-73; : (0112) 45-25-35 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: www.kvshu.ru

«К .

, . 38, . К

» , 236016

.