PROCEEDINGS of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 66th Annual Scientific Meeting (February 17-22, 2014). Vol. XX

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ROCEEDINGS

American Academy of Forensic Sciences

66th Annual Scientific Meeting Seattle, WA February 17-22, 2014

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 410 North 21st Street Colorado Springs, CO 80904 Phone: (719) 636-1100 Fax: (719) 636-1993 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.aafs.org

PROCEEDINGS of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 66th Annual Scientific Meeting

The Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is an official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). It is devoted to the publication of the abstracts of technical oral papers and posters presented at the AAFS annual scientific meeting. These include various branches of the forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, physical anthropology, psychiatry, immunology, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital evidence, and engineering. Similar submissions dealing with forensic oriented aspects of the social sciences are also included. Please note that some of the abstracts included in the Proceedings deal with topics, results, and/or conclusions which are controversial. The publication of abstracts does not imply that the AAFS, its sections, or the individual section program chairs/committee members have verified or agree with the studies, results, and/or conclusions of each abstract. During the process of planning a scientific program, it is impossible to “peer-review” each abstract and presentation to the degree that is accomplished during manuscript review. Abstracts and presentations are accepted, in part, so that they can be critiqued and reviewed by other scientists. Thus, a forum is created to discuss controversial issues. The views expressed in this publication are not those of the AAFS. The data and opinions appearing in the published material were prepared by and are the responsibility of the contributor(s), not of AAFS nor its respective employees, employers, officers, and agents. The AAFS does not supply copies of meeting papers. Please write directly to individual authors to obtain copies of specific papers. Presentation of some abstracts may have been scheduled or canceled after the publication of this document. English is the official language of the AAFS and its meetings; neither oral nor written translations will be provided. Copyright 2014 by the AAFS. Unless stated otherwise, noncommercial photocopying of editorial material published in this periodical is permitted by AAFS. Permission to reprint, publish, or otherwise reproduce such material in any form other than photocopying must be obtained from AAFS. Printed in the United States of America by Publication Printers, Inc., Denver, CO.

Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences

February 2014 Volume XX

Special Sessions .......................................................................................... 3 Breakfast Seminars ..................................................................................... 7 Luncheon Seminars ................................................................................. 10 Workshops .................................................................................................. 12 6FLHQWL¿F6HVVLRQV Criminalistics ....................................................................................... 27 Digital & Multimedia Sciences ........................................................... 149 Engineering Sciences ......................................................................... 169 General ................................................................................................ 200 Jurisprudence .................................................................................. 251 Odontology ......................................................................................... 282 Pathology/Biology .............................................................................. 316 Physical Anthropology ...................................................................... 397 Psychiatry & Behavioral Science ................................................... 490 Questioned Documents ..................................................................... 519 Toxicology ........................................................................................... 532 Last Word ............................................................................................ 562 Financial Disclosure Index ..................................................................... 567 Key Word Index ........................................................................................ 590 Presenting Author Index .......................................................................... 601

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S1 Fostering the Next Generation of Forensic Scientists: Mentoring in the 21st-Century Matthew R. Wood, MS*, Ocean County Sheriff’s Dept, Forensic Science Laboratory, Toms River, NJ 08753; Anjali A. Ranadive, JD*, SciLawForensics, Ltd, 425 Summit Pass, Brookings, SD 57006; Lara Frame-Newell, MA*, 400 E Jackson Street, Richmond, VA 23219; Ann H. Ross, PhD*, NC State University, Sociology & Anthropology, Campus Box 8107, Raleigh, NC 27695-8107; Steven B. Lee, PhD*, San Jose State University, 1 Washington Square, Macquarrie Hall 521, San Jose, CA 95192; Mark Pollitt, PhD*, Daytona State College, 1770 Technology BV, Daytona Beach, FL 32117; Julie A. Howe, MBA*, Saint Louis University, Franklin, Jefferson & St Charles MEO, College of Health Sciences, 3084, St Louis, MO 63104-1028; Christine Funk, JD*, Department of Forensic Sciences, 401 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024; Holland Maness, DMD*, 875 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163; Marcella F. Fierro, MD*, 8702 Berwickshire Drive, Henrico, VA 23229-7833; Christopher R. Thompson, MD*, 10850 Wilshire Boulevard, Ste 850, Los Angeles, CA 90024; Stephen B. Billick, MD*, 901 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10021-4157; Marilyn A. Huestis, PhD*, Chemistry & Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research, NIDA, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Rm 05A721, Baltimore, MD 21224; Derek L. Hammond, BA*, US Army, Criminal Investigations Lab, 4930 N 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297-5205; Robert N. Anderson, PhD*, RNA Consulting, Inc, 27820 Saddle Court, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022; Anastasia Micheals, MS*, Forensic Materials Consulting, 1784 Sanchez Street, San Francisco, CA 941312741; Erin H. Kimmerle, PhD, University of South Florida, Dept of Anthropology, 4202 E Fowler, Soc 107, Tampa, FL 33820; and 3KRHEH56WXEEOH¿HOG3K'8QLYHUVLW\RI1RUWK'DNRWD'HSWRI Anthropology, 236 Centennial Drive, Stop 8374, Grand Forks, ND 58202 After attending this presentation, attendees will have a better understanding of mentorships, training, young scientist professional committees and other educational development opportunities available within the various disciplines of the eleven sections of the American Academy of Forensics Sciences (AAFS). This Interdisciplinary Symposium will impact the Forensic Science community by informing attendees of opportunities that will enhance their professional development and encourage QHWZRUNLQJDQGPHQWRULQJRIQHZPHPEHUVRIWKH¿HOG Description: Tomorrow’s forensic science leaders are in our classrooms and laboratories today. Education of the next generation of forensic scientists, the continuing professional development and training of current practitioners, and those in the legal community is our collective responsibility and of paramount importance to the future of our profession. In the spirit of the AAFS WK$QQXDO6FLHQWL¿F0HHWLQJWKHPH)RUHQVLF 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ DQG 0HQWRUVKLS  2XU 3DWK )RUZDUG this symposium brings together each section of the Academy to discuss how mentorship, education, and partnership can advance WKH¿HOGRIIRUHQVLFVFLHQFHIRUWKHIXWXUH Criminalistics: The 2,833 members of the AAFS Criminalistics Section represent a wide variety of forensic science *Presenting Author

disciplines and a wealth of hands-on forensic science knowledge, skills, and abilities. The members are actively engaged in research, education, training, continuing education, mentoring, and handson projects and programs. The Forensic Science Program at San Jose State University (SJSU) is an example from the Criminalistics Section of AAFS that has developed educational opportunities and research mentorship programs. First, there are two formal XQGHUJUDGXDWHSURJUDPRIIHULQJVLQ)RUHQVLF6FLHQFH%DFKHORURI 6FLHQFHLQ)RUHQVLF6FLHQFH%6)6 ZLWKD&RQFHQWUDWLRQLQ%LRORJ\ RUD%6)6ZLWKD&RQFHQWUDWLRQLQ&KHPLVWU\%RWKSURJUDPVZHUH developed to meet FEPAC educational standards where students gain knowledge through lectures and reading, hands-on activities, DQG ODERUDWRULHV DQG GHYHORS FULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ WKURXJK VFLHQWL¿F experimentation. Second, has established partnerships with local, regional, national, and international crime laboratories and agencies that have provided mentoring and internships to students. Students who conduct research internships are mentored by experts LQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYH¿HOGVDQGVRPHFRQGXFWWKHLUUHVHDUFKDWFULPH laboratories and agencies offsite. The AAFS supports mentoring WKURXJK WKH