Perry's Chemical Engineers handbook [7 ed.] 9780070498419, 0070498415

Table of contents :
HELP!......Page 0
INFORMATION......Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 9
CONVERSION FACTORS......Page 25
CONVERSION OF VALUES FROM U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS TO SI UNITS......Page 47
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS......Page 48
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA......Page 49
GENERAL REFERENCES......Page 54
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES......Page 55
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES......Page 96
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS......Page 124
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES......Page 138
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES......Page 139
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS......Page 147
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS*......Page 157
DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS......Page 167
SOLUBILITIES......Page 168
THERMAL EXPANSION......Page 176
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT......Page 180
CRITICAL CONSTANTS......Page 184
COMPRESSIBILITIES......Page 188
LATENT HEATS......Page 198
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS......Page 209
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS......Page 232
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION......Page 234
HEATS OF COMBUSTION......Page 243
HEATS OF SOLUTION......Page 249
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES......Page 253
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES......Page 366
PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES......Page 385
3. MATHEMATICS......Page 423
MATHEMATICS......Page 429
MENSURATION FORMULAS......Page 432
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA......Page 434
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY......Page 438
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY......Page 442
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS......Page 445
INFINITE SERIES......Page 452
COMPLEX VARIABLES......Page 455
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS......Page 457
DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS......Page 463
INTEGRAL EQUATIONS......Page 464
INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS (OPERATIONAL METHODS)......Page 466
MATRIX ALGEBRA AND MATRIX COMPUTATIONS......Page 468
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPROXIMATE METHODS......Page 471
OPTIMIZATION......Page 487
STATISTICS......Page 491
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS......Page 511
PROCESS SIMULATION......Page 512
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN PROCESS ENGINEERING......Page 513
4. THERMODYNAMICS......Page 515
INTRODUCTION......Page 517
VARIABLES, DEFINITIONS, AND RELATIONSHIPS......Page 518
SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS......Page 522
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES......Page 528
EQUILIBRIUM......Page 538
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES......Page 548
5. HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER......Page 551
HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION......Page 558
HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION......Page 562
HEAT TRANSFER WITH CHANGE OF PHASE......Page 570
HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION......Page 573
MASS TRANSFER......Page 592
6. FLUID AND PARTICLE DYNAMICS......Page 631
FLUID DYNAMICS......Page 634
PARTICLE DYNAMICS......Page 680
7. REACTION KINETICS......Page 685
REACTION KINETICS......Page 687
RATE EQUATIONS......Page 689
IDEAL REACTORS......Page 699
LARGE SCALE OPERATIONS......Page 707
ACQUISITION OF DATA......Page 711
SOLVED PROBLEMS......Page 712
8. PROCESS CONTROL......Page 719
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL......Page 722
ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS......Page 734
UNIT OPERATIONS CONTROL......Page 749
BATCH PROCESS CONTROL......Page 755
PROCESS MEASUREMENTS......Page 761
TELEMETERING AND TRANSMISSION......Page 771
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESS CONTROL......Page 774
CONTROLLERS, FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS, AND REGULATORS......Page 779
PROCESS CONTROL AND PLANT SAFETY......Page 799
9. PROCESS ECONOMICS......Page 803
INVESTMENT AND PROFITABILITY......Page 807
ACCOUNTING AND COST CONTROL......Page 841
MANUFACTURING-COST ESTIMATION......Page 856
FIXED-CAPITAL-COST ESTIMATION......Page 865
10. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF FLUIDS......Page 883
INTRODUCTION......Page 887
MEASUREMENT OF FLOW......Page 888
PUMPING OF LIQUIDS AND GASES......Page 902
PROCESS-PLANT PIPING......Page 949
STORAGE AND PROCESS VESSELS......Page 1020
11. HEAT-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT......Page 1035
THERMAL DESIGN OF HEAT-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT......Page 1038
TEMA-STYLE SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS......Page 1067
HAIRPIN/DOUBLE-PIPE HEAT EXCHANGERS......Page 1080
AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS......Page 1081
COMPACT AND NONTUBULAR HEAT EXCHANGERS......Page 1086
HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR SOLIDS......Page 1092
THERMAL INSULATION......Page 1102
AIR CONDITIONING......Page 1108
REFRIGERATION......Page 1110
CRYOGENIC PROCESSES......Page 1130
EVAPORATORS......Page 1141
12. PSYCHROMETRY, EVAPORATIVE COOLING, AND SOLIDS DRYING......Page 1153
PSYCHROMETRY*......Page 1155
EVAPORATIVE COOLING*......Page 1166
SOLIDS-DRYING FUNDAMENTALS*......Page 1177
SOLIDS-DRYING EQUIPMENT......Page 1188
13. DISTILLATION......Page 1243
CONTINUOUS-DISTILL ATION OPERATIONS......Page 1246
THERMODYNAMIC D ATA......Page 1252
DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND DESIGN VARIABLES......Page 1264
SINGLE-STAGE EQUILIBRIUM-FLASH CALCULATIONS......Page 1267
GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR BINA RY DISTILL ATION......Page 1268
APPROXIMATE MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION METHODS......Page 1277
RIGOROUS METHODS FOR MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION-TYPE SEPARATIONS......Page 1281
ENHANCED DISTILLATION......Page 1296
PETROLEUM AND COMPLEX-MIXTURE DISTILLATION......Page 1327
BATCH DISTILLATION......Page 1338
DYNAMIC DISTILLATION......Page 1346
PACKED COLUMNS......Page 1350
14. GAS ABSORPTION AND GAS-LIQUID SYSTEM DESIGN......Page 1351
INTRODUCTION......Page 1354
DESIGN OF GAS-ABSORPTION SYSTEMS......Page 1355
PACKED-TOWER DESIGN......Page 1358
PLATE-TOWER DESIGN......Page 1361
HEAT EFFECTS IN GAS ABSORPTION......Page 1362
MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS......Page 1365
ABSORPTION WITH CHEMICAL REACTION......Page 1367
GAS-LIQUID CONTACTING SYSTEMS......Page 1373
PHASE DISPERSION......Page 1412
PHASE SEPARATION......Page 1431
15. LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT......Page 1449
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OPERATIONS......Page 1452
PHASE EQUILIBRIA......Page 1454
CALCULATION METHODS......Page 1464
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT......Page 1470
16. ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE......Page 1497
DESIGN CONCEPTS......Page 1500
ADSORBENTS AND ION EXCHANGERS......Page 1504
SORPTION EQUILIBRIUM......Page 1507
RATE AND DISPERSION FACTORS......Page 1513
BATCH ADSORPTION......Page 1521
FIXED-BED TRANSITIONS......Page 1526
CHROMATOGRAPHY......Page 1534
PROCESS CYCLES......Page 1544
EQUIPMENT......Page 1552
17. GAS-SOLID OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT......Page 1563
FLUIDIZED-BED SYSTEMS......Page 1564
GAS-SOLIDS SEPARATIONS......Page 1581
18. LIQUID-SOLID OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT......Page 1623
PHASE CONTACTING AND LIQUID-SOLID PROCESSING: AGITATION OF LOW- VISCOSITY PARTICLE SUSPENSIONS......Page 1627
PASTE AND VISCOUS-MATERIAL MIXING......Page 1647
CRYSTALLIZATION FROM SOLUTION......Page 1657
LEACHING......Page 1677
GRAVITY SEDIMENTATION OPERATIONS......Page 1681
FILTRATION......Page 1696
CENTRIFUGES......Page 1728
EXPRESSION......Page 1747
SELECTION OF A SOLIDS-LIQUID SEPARATOR......Page 1753
19. SOLID-SOLID OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT......Page 1757
INTRODUCTION......Page 1759
SAMPLING OF DRY SOLIDS AND SLURRIES OF SOLIDS......Page 1760
SOLID-SOLID SYSTEMS......Page 1766
FLOTATION......Page 1812
20. SIZE REDUCTION AND SIZE ENLARGEMENT......Page 1823
PARTICLE-SIZE ANALYSIS......Page 1827
PRINCIPLES OF SIZE REDUCTION......Page 1832
CRUSHING AND GRINDING EQUIPMENT......Page 1844
CRUSHING AND GRINDING PRACTICE......Page 1870
PRINCIPLES OF SIZE ENLARGEMENT......Page 1878
AGGLOMERATION RATE PROCESSES......Page 1883
SIZE ENLARGEMENT EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICE......Page 1895
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF GRANULATION PROCESSES......Page 1907
21. HANDLING OF BULK SOLIDS AND PACKAGING OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS......Page 1913
INTRODUCTION......Page 1915
CONVEYING OF BULK SOLIDS......Page 1916
STORAGE AND WEIGHING OF SOLIDS IN BULK......Page 1939
PACKAGING OF SOLID AND LIQUID PRODUCTS AND HANDLING OF PACKAGES......Page 1948
TRANSPORTATION OF SOLIDS......Page 1984
22. ALTERNATIVE SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 1991
CRYSTALLIZATION FROM THE MELT......Page 1993
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 2004
ALTERNATIVE SOLID/LIQUID SEPARATIONS......Page 2010
MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 2027
SELECTION OF BIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES......Page 2059
23. CHEMICAL REACTORS......Page 2071
MODELING CHEMICAL REACTORS......Page 2074
RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION (RTD) AND REACTOR EFFICIENCY......Page 2085
CATALYSIS......Page 2095
HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS......Page 2102
FLUIDS AND SOLID CATALYSTS......Page 2106
GAS/LIQUID REACTIONS......Page 2109
LIQUID/LIQUID REACTIONS......Page 2120
GAS/LIQUID/SOLID REACTIONS......Page 2122
REACTIONS OF SOLIDS......Page 2125
24. BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING......Page 2133
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING......Page 2135
BIOLOGICAL REACTORS......Page 2139
PRODUCT RECOVERY......Page 2147
PROCESS MODELING......Page 2148
ENZYME ENGINEERING......Page 2153
25. WASTE MANAGEMENT......Page 2155
INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT......Page 2158
POLLUTION PREVENTION......Page 2167
AIR-POLLUTION MANAGEMENT OF STATIONARY SOURCES......Page 2176
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT......Page 2212
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES......Page 2234
26. PROCESS SAFETY......Page 2267
INHERENTLY SAFER DESIGN AND OTHER PRINCIPLES......Page 2270
PROCESS SAFETY ANALYSIS......Page 2274
SAFETY DEVICES......Page 2292
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS......Page 2315
27. ENERGY RESOURCES, CONVERSION, AND UTILIZATION......Page 2359
INTRODUCTION......Page 2361
FUELS......Page 2362
HEAT GENERATION......Page 2383
THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION......Page 2398
HEAT RECOVERY......Page 2410
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION......Page 2413
28. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION......Page 2419
CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL......Page 2421
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS......Page 2446
HIGH- AND LOW-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS......Page 2468
29. PROCESS MACHINERY DRIVES......Page 2483
ELECTRIC MOTORS AND AUXILIARIES......Page 2486
RECIPROCATING ENGINES......Page 2496
STEAM TURBINES......Page 2499
GAS TURBINES......Page 2511
EXPANSION TURBINES......Page 2523
POWER RECOVERY FROM LIQUID STREAMS......Page 2528
MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION......Page 2536
30. ANALYSIS OF PLANT PERFORMANCE......Page 2547
GLOSSARY......Page 2550
INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS OF PLANT PERFORMANCE......Page 2551
PLANT-ANALYSIS PREPARATION......Page 2556
PLANT-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS......Page 2563