PaperAircrafts.com F-117

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www.PaperAircrafts.com

PaperAircrafts.com

F-117 Nighthawk Build an easy paper jet model with your hands, some scissors, two rules and some glue! Check your handiwork skill ! Challenge a child to build it ! Assemble one as a gift for someone ! Collect the most famous jets in the world ! Once built, fly it !

Print on sheet 1 page 8 and opposite 8, on sheet 2 page 9 and on sheet 3 page 10 and opposite 10. Cut parts, fold on the lines to give shape and paste with glue. The plane is balanced and should fly with minor aerodynamic adjustments. Whole process from assembly to flying is detailed in this document.

PaperAircrafts.com presents a flying paper-plane that attempts to replicate simplified, the famous Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk. The F117 is a single seat, twin engine, stealth ground attack aircraft. It first flew in 1981 and was retired in 2008. It was a secret aircraft, flying only by night at Tonopah Test Range, until 1988.

Enjoy !

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Index How to build it………………...3 Note about printing Parts ….7 Airplane Parts……………......8 Airplane Stand …………..….11 V-tail assembly tool…………12 Assembling…………………..13 How to fly it…………..……....28

Copyright Notice All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical. Any unauthorized use, sharing, reproduction, or distribution of parts herein is strictly prohibited. The buyer of this ebook may print as many copies as he want for his personal use. Legal Notice While attempts have been made to verify the correctness and reliability of the information provided in this document, the author do not assume any responsibilities for errors, omissions, or contradictory information contained in this publication. The reader of this book assumes all responsibility and liability for the use of the information and materials described in it, (like glue or scissors).

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How to build it Tools: Two rules to fold paper accurately

Transparent liquid contact glue

Sccissors

Thin stick

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!

Note about Glue

Before start pasteing the aircraft, check your glue: Spread some glue in a sheet of paper and wait some minutes. If the paper gets wrinkled or wavy, then, that glue is not valid for paper; the aircraft would be deformed. Suitable glues could be “transparent liquid contact glue” usually for repairing shoes. They can be found at “Glues” section in big shopping centres or hardware stores.

√

X 4

www.PaperAircrafts.com Print pages 8, 9 and 10 in common paper A4 or Regular Letter. Using a paper with basis weight 20lb // 80gr/m2 would simplify the balancing process. Print at scale 100% to avoid parts distortion and using option ”Autorotate and center pages”. Do not “fit to page” or “shrink to page”. Cut parts over the external lines.

Fold over the lines with the help of the rules to obtain the shape of each part.

Note that you can fold the paper on the lines with the help of the rules, (to the opposite side) and after it, with your fingers, on the same line, to the correct side to obtain the final piece shape.

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Paste parts puting glue on the overlaping surfaces.

X Put little amount of glue. Otherwise, the aircraft would look ugly and it would weight too much.

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Note about printing Parts Use either letter or DIN A4 formats, preferably with basis weight 20lb // 80gr/m2 . There are five pages with parts to be printed on three sheets of paper. Page opposite 8 and opposite 10 must be printed behind page 8 and page 10 respectively, in order to the plane was correctly decorated. Check option “Auto-rotate and center pages” but do not “fit to page” or “shrink to page”. Print at 100% scale. You needn’t to print the rest of the document. View it in the screen and zoom in when needed.

Page 8

Page 9

Sheet 1

Sheet 2

Page opposite 8

Page 10

Sheet 3

Page opposite 10

If you want to build a static model (not to fly) you could print on a high quality paper in high resolution. But if you want a flying model it is better to use normal paper printed in low resolution for saving weight and avoiding wrinkling the paper with excess of ink. A basis weight 20lb//80gr paper is perfect to fold and fly. As thicker is the paper as more difficult to fold and heavier the plane to fly. 7

www.PaperAircrafts.com 22

4

1

6↓

10

21

14↓

22

9

Parts

23↓

4

5

2↓

23↓

10

32↓

31↓

9 21

5

↓

29 ↓

28

8

1 36

↓

35 ↓

7↓

8 10↓

9↓

24 ↓

6

30

↓

↓ 30

6

26 ↓

27 ↓

13↓

12 12

11 11

33

↓

34

↓

13 13

8

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opposite 8

www.PaperAircrafts.com 25 ↑ 12↓

24

14

4↓

3

7

11↓

24

7 22↓

15 ↓

21↓

3

14 15

2

15

3↓

om ircrafts.c

16-1 ↓ PaperA

2

16

34

8

25

↑

6

34

15

13

11

12

21

20

24

30

23

31 3 2

29

10

28

22

16

18

26

19

9

17

25

4 33 3

27

14

2

20

35

18

19

3

17

4

5

1

33

23

↑

7

25

PaperA

ircrafts.c om

33

23

9

30

www.PaperAircrafts.com 33 ↑

30

34 ↑

35

27

27

32

28

26

31

26

28

32

14 ↑

14 ↑ 22 ↑

35

21↑

30

29

31

29

30

36

36

8↓

25

25

10

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opposite 10

www.PaperAircrafts.com Airplane Stand

3

4

3

2 2

4

1

1

2↓

F-117

4↓

2↓

3↓

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www.PaperAircrafts.com V-tail assembly tool

Use the "V-tail assembly tool" in steps 17.6 and 17.8 in order to paste V-tails with correct angle

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Assembling

31

14

32 25

36 34

22

30

10

15

35 8

26

33

28

9 30

12

5

24

7

5 6

27

29 23

11

16,17,18,19,20

13

21

4 3

2 1 13

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www.PaperAircrafts.com About assembling It means: part number 31 It means: part 14 pasted here (opposite side) It means: part 30 pasted here (this side) It means: line of glue

1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.6

3.2

3.3

23

2.4

3.1

1

2

13

15

www.PaperAircrafts.com 3.4

3.5

3.7

3.8

3.6

2

3.9

4 3

3.10

3.11

3

3.12 4

4.1

4.2

4.3

13

5.1

5.2 23

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 6.1

6.3

7.2

7.3

12

11

12

6.4

6.2

11

7.1

28

28

29

7.4

7.5

29

8.1

8.2

8.3

10

10 9

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 8.4

9.1

9

8.5

9.2

30

9.3

30

9.4

10.1

9.5

10.2

7

10.3 24

10.4

10.5

24

10.6

7

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 11.1

31

11.2

32

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

11.7

11.8 31

11.9

32

11.10

11.11

11.12

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27

12.4

12.2

12.3

12.5

12.6

27

26

26

33

12.7

34

12.8

12.9

12.11

12.12

13.2

13.3

33

12.10

34

13.1

25

20

www.PaperAircrafts.com 13.4

13.5

13.6

14.1

14.2

14.3

14.5

14.6

14

14.4

15

14.7

14.8

15.1

15.2

21

15

14.9

15.3

22

21

www.PaperAircrafts.com 15.4

15.5

15.6

22

15.7

15.8

15.9

21

15.10

16.1

15.11

15.12

16.2

16.3

8

16.4

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 17.1

35

17.4

36

V-tail tool

17.2

17.3

17.5

17.6 35

17.7

17.8

17.9

36

18.1

18.2 6

5

5

19.1

19.2

19.3

16

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 20.1

20.2 5

5

6

20.4 20.3

21.1

17 6

21.2

5

18

24.6

19

21.3

5

20

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 22.1 Piece of paper

22.2

22.3

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F-117 Stand

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

4

2

3

1

4 3

2.10

2.11

4

2.12

3

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www.PaperAircrafts.com 2.13

2.14

2.16

2.17

2.15

4i

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How to fly it Elevators / Rudders

Ailerons

1

Aerodynamic cleanness

√

X

If surfaces are bent, force the paper with your fingers trying to straighten them. The airplane may have defects, but they must be symmetrical. 28

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2

Aircraft balanced

Rest the airplane on two fingers so that the wing’s circles get positioned just over them. If it keeps levelled and does not fall…it is balanced.

√

Ready to fly

If it falls forward, the nose is too heavy. Put a load in the tail.

If it falls backward, it needs more weight in the nose. Paste a new part 5 in the nose.

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3 Throwing

It is easier to throw the airplane keeping it on the sight line and impelling it on its longitudinal axis.

1.

2.

√ X 1.

2.

2.

1.

Once the easy throwing is well trained, try to launch over head for a longer flight

X 3.

3.

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4

Correcting the flight path: Pitch

If the aircraft pitchs down going to the ground, deflect upward gently the elevators. Repeat the flight. If it keeps going down, deflect the elevators upward a little more until the aircraft went straight gliding.

If the gliding path osciles like above… the elevators may be too much deflected upward. Reduce the elevators upward deflection.

In this case the nose still needs a little more weight. Cut a new part 5 and paste it in the nose.

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+ If you achieve to stabilize the glide path but it is too inclined downward… the nose may be too heavy. Try to remove part of piece 5 or put weight in the tail and reduce the elevators upward deflection.

5 Correcting the flight path: direction

√

In order to correct the turn, deflect the ailerons asymmetricaly like each picture shows but very gently. The deflection in the pictures is exaggerated; you would obtain the opposite effect. 32

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In case of little corrections in direction, you can use the rudders. Deflect them very gently and always both, in order to avoid pitch effects.

Correct left turns deflecting rudders right

Correct right turns deflecting rudders left.

6 Correcting adverse roll If the airplane rolls 180º then flying upside down, check V-tail angle. Too much opened tails would reduce vertical stability, allowing slips and adverse roll.

√ X

√ X

V-tail assembly tool

Check V-tail correct angle with “V-tail assembly tool”. 33