On Minerals and Mineral Products: Chapters on Minerals from his “Kreutterbuch” [Reprint 2019 ed.] 9783110858648, 9783110069075

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Eucharius Rösslin the Younger On Minerals and Mineral Products Chapters on Minerals from his "Kreutterbüch"

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ARS MEDICA Texte und Untersuchungen zur Quellenkunde der Alten Medizin Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin der Freien Universität Berlin Begründet von Heinz Goerke und Konrad Schubring f

IV. Abteilung Landessprachige und mittelalterliche Medizin Herausgegeben von GERHARD BAADER • GUNDOLF KEIL • R I C H A R D TOELLNER

Band 1

Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York 1978

EUCHARIUS RÖSSLIN THE YOUNGER On Minerals and Mineral Products Chapters on Minerals from his "Kreutterbüch" Critical Text, English Translation, and Commentary by J O H A N N A S C H W I N D BELKIN a n d E A R L E RADCLIFFE C A L E Y

Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York 1978

Publication subsidized by the College of Humanities and the Department of Chemistry of the Ohio State University

Redaktion: GERHARD BAADER u n d GUNDOLF KEIL

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Roesslin, Eucharius, d. 1526. On minerals and mineral products. (Ars medica : Abteilung 4, Landessprachige und mittelalterliche Medizin ; Bd. 1) Translation of selected chapters from the 1535 ed. of Kreutterbuch. Text in English and German. "Works of Rösslin the Younger" : pp. 4—7 1. Minerals in pharmacology — Early works to 1800. I. Belkin, Johanna Schwind. II. Caley, Earle Radcliffe, 1900- III. Title. RS85.R64213 615'.2 77-18996 ISBN 3-11-006907-5

CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme

der Deutschen

Bibliothek

Rösslin, Eucharius O n minerals and mineral products: chapters on minerals from his "Kreutterbuoch" / crit. text, Engl, transl. and commentary by Johanna Schwind Belkin and Earle Radcliffe Caley. — 1. Aufl. — Berlin, New York : de Gruyter, 1978. (Ars medica : Abt. 4, Landessprachige u. mittelalterl. Medizin ; Bd. 1) Einheitssacht.: Kreutterbuoch ; Teilausg. d. Orig.-Werks. ISBN 3-11-006907-5 N E : Belkin, Johanna Schwind [Hrsg.]

© 1978 by Walter de Gruyter 8c Co., vormals G. J. Göschen'sche Verlagshandlung • J . Guttentag, Verlagsbuchhandlung Georg Reimer • Karl J. Trübner • Veit & C o m p . , Berlin 30, Genthiner Straße 13 Printed in Germany Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Ubersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. O h n e ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie, Xerokopie) zu vervielfältigen. Satz und D r u c k : Walter de Gruyter & C o . , Berlin 30; Bindearbeiten: Wübben & C o . , Berlin 42

PREFACE This critical edition of the chapters on minerals and mineral products from the German herbal of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger, published at Frankfurt am Main by Christian Egenolff in 1535, is intended as a contribution toward a better understanding of German medical works from the late Middle Ages. Since both philological scholarship and scientific knowledge are required, an edition of this sort could not have been produced in this age of specialized learning without interdisciplinary collaboration, which is a necessity for the relatively young branch of philology concerned with German scientific and technical prose. Rosslin's herbal of 1535 belongs to the family of medical works that began with the "Gart der Gesundheit" of 1485, and is indeed its last member. Together with W. L. Schreiber's account of the history of the versions of the "Gart der Gesundheit" and the "Hortus Sanitatis" in the commentary to his facsimile edition of the "Hortus Sanitatis/Deutsch" (Peter Schoffer, Mainz, 1548), and a work closely related to the "Gart der Gesundheit", Henricus Breyell's Hortus-manuscript, edited and commented on by Otto Bessler, this partial edition of Rosslin's herbal of 1535 may contribute to the understanding of this complex family of early medical texts in the German language. Rosslin's herbal of 1535 was selected for special study from among the variants of the "Gart der Gesundheit" because it contains a considerable amount of supplemental information taken from the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and other works. Rosslin's 1535 herbal is of special interest for the history of science because it marks the end of the medieval viewpoint in writing about nature. His chapters on minerals show this exceptionally well. Rosslin's text on these substances comes exclusively from such medieval sources as Matthew Silvaticus, Vincent of Beauvais, Thomas of Cantimpre, Arnold of Saxony, Albertus Magnus, and Isidore of Seville. In contrast, the text of the " D e natura fossilium" of Georg Agricola published in 1546, within Rosslin's lifetime, is in large part original, even though Agricola relies to a considerable extent on Pliny and other ancient writers. Furthermore, Agricola classifies minerals in a systematic way and includes many personal observations about their occurrence and properties. Because of the medieval origin of Rosslin's text on minerals and because of the emphasis on lithotherapy rather than mineralogy, it is entirely appropriate that the present volume is the first of a new and fourth series of "Ars Medica" dealing with medieval medical texts in Latin and in the vernacular. The lack of critical

VI

Preface

editions of German medical works of medieval and early modern date will now be remedied by the publications of this new part of "Ars Medica". The critical edition of the text that we present here is as close as possible to the original, and includes all inconsistencies and peculiarities of spelling. There are, however, a few minor changes such as the expansion of certain abbreviations and the correction of obvious printer's errors. Most of these are duly noted in the critical apparatus. We hope that the close English translation will be helpful for a proper understanding of the text. The Index Verborum, which retains the morphological and phonetic features of the original, should be useful for any philological study of the text. The intention of the editors was to prepare the way for phonetic, morphological, orthographical, syntactical as well as lexicographic studies on the basis of this edition, which we hope is a contribution to the better understanding of Early New High German, especially as it is used in scientific and technical works. The grammatical notations of the Index Verborum have been arranged by the editors of the series "Ars Medica" according to their usual practice. O u r edition also has a historical component. For example, the position of Rosslin's text within the body of both German and Latin medieval medical literature is shown by a detailed study of the sources of this text. The historical component is further evident in the list of variants and in the commentary. Our detailed commentary is intended to be especially helpful for an understanding of certain chemical, mineralogical, and medical terms, and of certain pharmaceutical preparations and technical processes described in the text. This commentary, as well as the text and translation, should therefore be of considerable interest to historians of medicine, pharmacology, mineralogy, or chemical technology. We express our sincere thanks to all who have helped us in our task. One of us (J.S.B.) is especially indebted to Prof. Dr. Gerhard Eis of the University of Heidelberg, who provided important guidance at the beginning of the project and made very valuable suggestions for obtaining access to the body of medieval German literature used in the preparation of the edition. We thank the Directors of the Institute for the History of Medicine at the Free University of Berlin, Prof. Dr. med. Dr. med. dent. Walther Hoffmann-Axthelm, and likewise Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Rolf Winau, and the publisher Walter de Gruyter and Co. for including the edition in the series "Ars Medica". Dr. Gerhard Baader, Prof. Dr. Dr. Gundolf Keil und Prof. Dr. Richard Toellner as editors of the subseries have very kindly helped read the proofs. We especially thank Dr. Gerhard Baader of the Institute for the History of Medicine at the Free University of Berlin, and Prof. Dr. Dr. Gundolf Keil of the University of Wiirzburg for the expenditure of much care and time in correcting the manuscript, arranging the book for the press, and supervising its publication; in this task, they enjoyed the aid of two members of the Institute of Berlin, the secretary Lieselotte Hiibel and cand. med. Archibald von Strempel. Prof. Dr. Klaus Matzel of the University of Regensburg gave useful advice for the arrangement of the edition. Mr. Georg Rasch, at one time a research associate at The Ohio State University and a student at the University of Regens-

Preface

VII

burg helped with the preparation of the list of variants. Prof. Robert Tibbetts of The Ohio State University Library gave us valuable technical advice for our bibliographic descriptions of the editions of Rosslin's herbal. The first stages of our studies were supported by generous grants from the National Science Foundation (U.S.). We also received grants from the Department of Chemistry of The Ohio State University for the typing and reproduction of manuscript material. One of us (J.S.B.) was awarded research leave for the Autumn term of the academic year 1974 by the Department of German and the College of Humanities of The Ohio State University in order to work intensively on the preparation of this book. Publication was made possible by grants from the College of Humanities and the Department of Chemistry of The Ohio State University. For all this personal and financial aid we are very grateful. The O h i o State University

J. S. Belkin E. R. Caley

CONTENTS Preface Bibliography Introduction I. Eucharius Rösslin the Younger II. Works of Rösslin the Younger III. Bibliographic Description of the Editions of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch" . . IV. Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch" and its Relationship to other German Herbals of the Late 15th und Early 16th Centuries V. Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin in Preparation of the Enlarged Edition of 1535 VI. Arrangement of our Edition of Rösslin's Treatise on Minerals The Chapters on Minerals and Mineral Products in the Herbal of Eucharius Rösslin. Text and Translation Commentary Introduction Commentary on Chapters I—XCIII Appendix A : Facsimiles Appendix B : Lists of Editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit" (la) and those supplemented by parts of the "Hortus Sanitatis" (lb) Appendix C Table I: Titles and Numbers of Chapters or Pages on Minerals and Related Inorganic Materials in the Small "Gart der Gesundheit" (1485) and Certain of its Later Versions (Prüss, 1507; Beck, 1527; Rösslin, Egenolff, Frankfurt, 1533) Table II: Correlations of the Names of Stones and Related Substances Indices Index Verborum of the German Text Index of Proper Names including Derivations Word Index Name and Subject Index Corrections

V XI 1 1 4 8

21 47 51 207 207 210 327 335 337

337 340 355 355 355 356 391 417

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Editions and Translations Aetius of Amida (Aet.) Libri medicinales. Edidit Berlin, 1935-1950.

ALEXANDER OLIVIERI ( =

Corpus medicorum Graecorum V i l i 1.2).

Abulcasim see Simon of Genoa Agatharchides (Agatharch.) De mari Erythraeo libri (Erythr.) Ex Agatharchidis de mari Erythraeo libris excerpta. In : Geographi Graeci minores. E codicibus recognovit, prolegomenis, annotatione, indicibus instruxit, tabulis aere incisis illustravit C A R O L U S M Ü L L E R U S . Vol. 1, Paris, 1855, pp. 111-195. Georgius Agricola (Agricola) Epistula ad Meurerum (epist. ad Meur.) In: Schriften zur Geologie und Mineralogie I. Ubersetzt und bearbeitet von GEORG F R A U STADT in Verbindung mit H A N S PRESCHER (= Georgius Agricola - Ausgewählte Werke. Gedenkausgabe des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden — Hrsg. HANS PRESCHER, v o l . 3). B e r l i n , 1956, p p . 9 - 4 2 .

De natura fossilium (foss.) In: De ortu et causis subterraneorum libri V. De natura eorum quae efflunt ex terra libri IV. De natura fossilium libri X. De veteribus et novis metallis libri II. Bermannus sive de re metallica dialogus. Johannes Froben, Basel, 1546, pp. 167—380. De natura fossilium libri X . Die Mineralien übersetzt und bearbeitet von GEORG FRAUSTADT in Verbindung mit H A N S PRESCHER (= Georgius Agricola - Ausgewählte Werke. Gedenkausgabe des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden — Hrsg. HANS PRESCHER, vol. 4). Berlin, 1958.

De natura fossilium (Textbook of Mineralogy). Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1 5 4 6 by M A R K C H A N C E BANDY and JEAN A. BANDY (_= The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 63). New York, 1955. De mensuris et ponderibus Romanorum atque Graecorum libri quinque (mens.) In : Liber quinque de mensuris et ponderibus in quibus pleraque a Budaeo et Portio parum animadversa diligenter excutiuntur. Johannes Froben, Basel, 1533, pp. 1 — 110. In: Schriften über die Maße und Gewichte (Metrologie). Ubersetzt von GEORG FRAUSTADT und W A L T E R W E B E R f (= Georgius Agricola — Ausgewählte Werke. Gedenkausgabe des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden — Hrsg. HANS PRESCHER, vol. 5). Berlin, 1959, pp. 11-183. De re metallica libri XII (metall.) De re metallica libri XII. Johannes Froben, Basel, 1556 (Reprint Brussels, 1967). De re metallica, libri X I I . Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1 5 5 6 by HERBERT C L A R K HOOVER and Lou HENRY H O O V E R . London, 1912 (Reprint New York, 1950).

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Albertus Magnus (Albert. M.) D e mineralibus (miner.) In: Opera omnia ex editione Lugdunensi religiöse castigata cura ac labore AUGUSTI BORGNET. Vol. 5, Paris, 1890, pp. 1 - 1 0 3 (Reprint Quebec, 1951). B o o k of Minerals. Translated by DOROTHY WYCKOFF, Oxford, 1967. Pseudo-Albertus Magnus (Ps.-Albert. M.) De mirabilibus mundi (De mirab.) Albertus Magnus D e mirabilibus mundi. (Florence of Straßburg, Venice, c. 1472) and many subsequent editions; cf. G K W I, pp. 3 3 1 - 3 3 2 (no. 6 9 0 - 6 9 4 ) . Albrecht von Scharfenberg Der jüngere Titurel (Titurel) Collected edition Albrecht von Scharfenbergs Jüngerer Titurel. Nach den ältesten und besten Handschriften kritisch hrsg. von WERNER WOLF ( = Deutsche Texte des Mittelalters, hrsg. von der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 45, 55, 61). Berlin, 1955—1968. Selected editions Albrecht von Scharfenberg Der jüngere Titurel. Ausgewählt und hrsg. von WERNER WOLF ( = Altdeutsche Übungstexte, hrsg. von der Akademischen Gesellschaft Schweizerischer Germanisten, vol. 14). Bern, 1952. I N : ZARNCKE, p p .

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Alexander of Tralles Alexander von Tralles. Original-Text und Ubersetzung nebst einer einleitenden Abhandlung. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Medizin von THEODOR PUSCHMANN. Wien, 1878/79 (Reprint Amsterdam,

1963).

Alexandri yatros practica cum expositione glose interlinearis Iacobi de Partibus et (Simonis) Ianuensis in margine posite. Franciscus Fradin, Lyon, 1504. Alphita I n : Collectio Salernitana ossia documenti inediti, e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla scuola medica Salernitana, pubblicati a cura di SALVATORE DE RENZI. Vol. 3, Naples, 1854, pp. 271—322.

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17-167.

Antidotarium Nicolai (Antidot. Nicolai) I n : GOLTZ, DIETLINDE: Mittelalterliche Pharmazie und Medizin dargestellt an Geschichte und Inhalt des Antidotarium Nicolai. Mit einem Nachdruck der Druckfassung von 1471 ( = Veröffentlichungen der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie, Neue F o l g e , b e g r ü n d e t v o n G E O R G EDMUND D A N N , h r s g . v o n W O L F G A N G - H A G E N H E I N , v o l . 4 4 ) .

Stuttgart, 1976. IN: VAN DEN BERG, W. S.: Eene Middelnederlandsche vertaling van het Antidotarium Nicolai (Ms. 15624—15641, Kon. Bibl. te Brüssel) met den Latijnschen tekst der eerste gedrukte uitgave van het Antidotarium Nicolai. Leiden, 1917, pp. 2—193. Aristotle (Arist.) Collected works Aristotelis Opera. Ex recensione IMMANUELIS BEKKERI edidit Academia regia Borussica. Berlin, 1831.

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Pseudo-Aristotle (Ps.-Arist.) De lapidibus (lap.) In: Rose Aristoteles, pp. 349-382, 384-397; Ruska Steinbuch, pp. 183-208. In: Ruska Steinbuch, pp. 9 3 - 1 8 2 (Arab.). Arnald of Villanova (Arnald de Villanov.) De viribus cordis Avicennae (cord.) In: Liber canonis Avicenne. Paganinus de Paganinis, Venice, 1507, pp. 544r—552". Arnold of Saxony (Arnold. Saxo) De finibus (fin.) Die Enzyklopädie des Arnoldus Saxo zum ersten Mal nach einem Erfurter Codex herausgegeben von E M I L STANGE (= Kgl. Gymnasium zu Erfurt. Beilage zum Jahresbericht 1904/05, 1905/06, 1906/07). Erfurt, 1905-1907. In: Rose Aristoteles, pp. 424-454 (3, 1 - 8 1 [De virtutibus lapidum]: pp. 428-447; 4, 8 [De lapidibus]: pp. 424-427). Düdesche Arstedie (Arstedie) In: Das Gothaer mittelniederdeutsche Arzneibuch und seine Sippe. Hrsg. von SVEN N O R R B O M (= Mittelniederdeutsche Arzneibücher, hrsg. von CONRAD BORCHLING, vol. 1). Hamburg, 1921. Avicenna see Arnald of Villanova, Gerard of Cremona Bartholomew the Englishman (Barth. Angl.) De genuinis rerum coelestium, terrestrium et inferarum proprietatibus libri (propr.) De genuinis rerum coelestium, terrestrium et inferarum proprietatibus libri XVIII. Opus incomparabile . . ., cui accessit liber XIX de variarum rerum accidentibus, procurante G E O R G I O BARTHOLDO PONTANO A BRAITENBERG. Frankfurt am Main, 1 6 0 1 (Reprint Frankfurt am Main, 1 9 6 4 ) . Beda Venerabiiis (Beda) Explanatio apocalypsis (apoc.). In: PL 93, Paris, 1862, pp. 129-206. Pseudo-Beda (Ps.-Beda) or Pseudo-Marbode (Ps.-Marb. Red.) Hymnus de duodecim lapidibus pretiosis in fundamento caelestis civitatis positis (hymn.) I n : P L 171, Paris 1893, p p . 1 7 7 1 - 1 7 7 2 . I n : GARRETT, p p . 2 7 — 3 1 .

Vanoccio Biringuccio Pirotechnia (Pir.) Vanoccio Biringuccio. De la pirotechnia libri X. Veneto, 1540. The Pirotechnia of Vanoccio Biringuccio. Translated from the Italian with an Introduction and Notes by C Y R I L STANLEY SMITH and M A R T H A TEACH GNUDI. New York, 1 9 4 3 (Reprint N e w Y o r k , 1959).

Biringuccios Pirotechnia. Ein Lehrbuch der chemisch-metallurgischen Technologie und des Artilleriewesens aus dem 1 6 . Jahrhundert, übersetzt und erläutert von O T T O JOHANNSEN. Braunschweig, 1925. Hieronymus Bock New Kreütter Büch von vnderscheydt / würckung und namen der kreütter so in Teutschen landen wachsen. Wendel Rihel, Straßburg, 1539.

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Henricus Breyell see Bessler Hortus-Manuskript Hieronymus Brunschwig Liber de arte distillandi de compositis. Johannes Grüninger, Straßburg, 1512 (Reprint Leipzig, 1972). Das nüwe distillierbuoch. Johannes Grüninger, Straßburg, 1528. Thesaurus pauperum. Haußapotheck. C. Egenolff Erben, Frankfurt am Main, 1566. Cassius Dio (C. D.) Historiarum Romanorum quae supersunt. Edidit U R S U L U S PHILIPPUS BOISSEVAIN. Berlin, 1895-1931. Cassius Felix De medicina ex Graecis logicae sectae auctoribus liber translatus sub Artabure et Calepio consulibus (anno 4 4 7 ) . Nunc primum editus a VALENTINO ROSE (= Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana). Leipzig, 1879. Das Buch von alten Schäden (Buch alt. Schäd.). PETERS, H A N S - J O A C H I M [Ed.]: 'Das Buch von alten Schäden'. Teil 1973. A. Cornelius Celsus (Cels.) Cornelii Celsi quae supersunt. Recensuit Latinorum, vol. 1). Leipzig/Berlin, 1915.

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Viewed from the Angle of their Subject Content: Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Natural Science, Physics, Technology. New Y o r k , 1970. S t i l l w e l l I n c u n a b u l a = STILL WELL, MARGARET B I N G H A M : I n c u n a b u l a in A m e r i c a n

Libraries.

A Second Census of Fifteenth Century Books Owned in the United States, Mexico and Canada. N e w Y o r k , 1940. STRAUSS, PETER: Arnold von Villanova deutsch unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der " R e g e l der Gesundheit". Phil. Diss. Heidelberg, 1963. STRICKER, WILHELM : Ueber Johann von Cube Stadtarzt zu Frankfurt am Main und Verfasser des O r t u s sanitatis, zum Theil nach den Aufzeichnungen des verstorbenen Herrn Med.-Raths P r o f . D r . Georg Kloß. Archiv für Frankfurts Geschichte und Kunst (1. F . ) 7 (1855) pp. 1 1 0 - 1 1 7 . S T U D E R , P A U L a n d J O A N EVANS: A n g l o - N o r m a n L a p i d a r i e s . P a r i s ,

1924.

Sudhoff Frühdruck = SUDHOFF, KARL: Frühdruck und Handschrift. Ein besonderer Beleg für ihre enge Verwandtschaft in einer medizinischen Inkunabel, einem Sonderdruck der "Prognostica Hippocratis" mit einem Anhang lateinisch-deutscher Rezepte. Archiv für G e s c h i c h t e der Medizin 9 (1916) pp.

200-208.

Sudhoff Handbuch = SUDHOFF, KARL: Kurzes Handbuch der Geschichte der Medizin. 3. u n d 4 . A u f l a g e v o n J U L I U S L E O P O L D PAGELS " E i n f ü h r u n g in d i e G e s c h i c h t e d e r M e d i z i n "

(1898), Berlin, 1922. Sudhoff Inkunabeln = SUDHOFF, KARL: Deutsche medizinische Inkunabeln. Bibliographischliterarische Untersuchungen ( = Studien zur Geschichte der Medizin, hrsg. von der Puschmann-Stiftung an der Universität Leipzig, H . 2/3). Leipzig, 1908. Sudhoff Regimen = SUDHOFF, KARL: Zum Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum I—XV. Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 7 ( 1 9 1 3 - 1 9 1 4 ) pp. 3 6 0 - 3 6 2 ; 9 ( 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 6 ) pp. 2 2 1 - 2 4 9 ; 10 ( 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 1 7 ) pp. 9 1 - 1 0 1 ; 12 (1920) pp. 1 4 9 - 1 8 0 . Sudhoff Rösslin = SUDHOFF, KARL : Eucharius Rösslin, der Sohn, über seinen medizinischen Lehrgang (1526 und 1528). Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 2 (1909) pp. 1 3 9 - 1 4 0 . Sudhoff Texte = SUDHOFF, KARL : Die gedruckten mittelalterlichen Texte in germanischen Sprachen. Eine literarische Studie. Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 3 (1910) pp. 273—303. SVENNUNG, JOSEF: Compositiones Lucenses. Studien zum Inhalt, zur Textkritik und Sprache ( = Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift 1941, 5). Uppsala/Leipzig, 1941. TELLE, JOACHIM : Petrus Hispanus in der altdeutschen Medizinliteratur. Untersuchungen und T e x t e unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des 'Thesaurus pauperum'. Phil. Diss. Heidelberg, 1972.

T h L L = Thesaurus linguae Latinae editus auctoritate et consilio Academiarum quinque Germanicarum Berolinensis Gottingensis Lipsiensis Monacensis Vindobonensis. Vol. I f f . , Leipzig, 1900 ff. Thorndike History = THORNDIKE, LYNN: A History of Magic and Experimental Science During the First Thirteen Centuries of O u r Era. New York/London, 1 9 2 3 - 1 9 5 8 . T H O R P E , THOMAS EDWARD: D i c t i o n a r y o f A p p l i e d C h e m i s t r y . L o n d o n ,

1921.

TRÜBNERS d e u t s c h e s W ö r t e r b u c h . B e g r ü n d e t v o n ALFRED GÖETZE. I n Z u s a m m e n a r b e i t m i t M A X G O T T S C H A L D u n d G Ü N T H E R H A H N h r s g . v o n WALTHER M I T Z K A . B e r l i n ,

TSCHIRCH,

ALEXANDER:

Handbuch

der

Pharmakognosie,

Leipzig,

1939—1957.

1909-1927;

vol.

1,1—2,1: 2 . erweiterte Auflage in Gemeinschaft mit zahlreichen Fachgenossen, hrsg. von ALEXANDER TSCHIRCH. L e i p z i g ,

1930-1936.

Ullmann Chemie = Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie. 3. völlig neu gestaltete Auflage der Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, hrsg. von FRITZ ULLMANN, München, 1951-1970. Ullmann Medizin = ULLMANN, MANFRED: Die Medizin im Islam ( = Handbuch der Orientalistik, hrsg. von BERTOLD SPULER, 1. Abteilung, Erg.bd. 6, 1. Abschnitt). Leiden/Köln, 1970.

Bibliography

XXXVII

Ullmann Naturwissenschaften = ULLMANN, MANFRED: Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam ( = Handbuch der Orientalistik, hrsg. von BERTOLD SPULER, 1. Abteilung, Erg.bd. 6, 2. Abschnitt), Leiden, 1972. URDANG, GEORGE: Pharmacopeias as Witnesses of World History. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 1 (1946) pp. 46— 70. Walde-Hofmann = WALDE, ALOIS: Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3. neubearbeitete Auflage von JEAN BAPTIST HOFMANN ( = Indogermanische Bibliothek, 1. Abteilung: Lehr- und Handbücher, 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher, vol. 1), Heidelberg, 1938-1956. WARTBURG, WALTHER V.: Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Eine Darstellung des galloromanischen Sprachschatzes. Vol. Iff., (Tübingen, Basel), 1922ff. WATSON, GILBERT: Theriac and Mithridatium ( = Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Library, Edition: FREDERICK NOEL LAWRENCE, New Series, vol. 9). London, 1966. Weimann Fachsprache = WEIMANN, KARL-HEINZ: Die deutsche medizinische Fachsprache des Paracelsus. Phil. Diss. Erlangen, 1951 (typewritten). Weimann Wortschatz = WEIMANN, KARL-HEINZ: Paracelsus und der deutsche Wortschatz. In: Deutsche Wortforschung in europäischen Bezügen, hrsg. von LUDWIG ERICH SCHMITT. Vol. 2, Giessen, 1963, pp. 359-408. Wellmann Steinbücher = WELLMANN, MAX: Die Stein- und Gemmenbücher der Antike. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Medizin 4 (1935) pp. 426-489. WICKERSHEIMER, ERNEST: "Ignis sacer" — Bedeutungswandel einer Krankheitsbezeichnung. Ciba-Symposium 8 (1960) pp. 160-169. WIGAND, PAUL: Der Büchernachdruck im 16. Jahrhundert. Wetzlarsche Beiträge für Geschichte u n d R e c h t s a l t e r t h ü m e r 1 (1839) p p . 2 2 7 - 2 3 1 .

W N I D = Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd Edition unabridged. Springfield/Massachusetts, 1948. ZARNCKE, FRIEDRICH: Der Graltempel. Vorstudie zu einer Ausgabe des Jüngeren Titurel. In: Abhandlungen der Kgl. Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, vol. 17 ( = Ab handlungen der philologisch-historischen Classe der Kgl. Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, vol. 7), Leipzig, 1879, pp. 375-554 ( = N o . 5). ZEDLER, JOHANN HEINRICH: Großes vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste. Halle und Leipzig, 1732-1754 (Reprint Graz, 1961-1964).

INTRODUCTION I. Eucharius Rösslin the Younger Eucharius Rösslin the Younger was a German physician and medical writer, w h o has often been confused with his father Eucharius Rösslin, because their names were identical. The elder Rösslin, about whom more is known 1 , was town physician in Frankfurt am Main at the time of his death there in 1526. His son succeeded him in this position shortly afterwards, and possibly held it up to the time of his own death. F. Wilhelm Emil Roth 2 appears to have been the first to call him Eucharius Rösslin the Younger in order to differentiate him clearly from his father. Although it seems that Eucharius Rösslin the Younger achieved considerable fame, at least locally, as a writer and official physician, no biography of him has ever appeared, and none is now possible because most of the necessary information has long since disappeared. Nevertheless, some interesting facts about his education, professional career, and family may still be gleaned from the few letters that have survived, as well as from official records, and miscellaneous sources. Even though we do not know when and where Eucharius Rösslin the Younger was born, some information is available about his education. The principal source is his first letter of application to the city council of Frankfurt for the position of "Stadtarzt" (town physician). The letter 3 was written "am dunstag nach omnium sanctorum anno domini 1526" (November 8, 1526) and bears the notation "byt umb den dinst als artzt" (petition concerning position as physician). In this letter he states that his father instructed him from his youth on in the "materialia" - i. e. the substance and preparations used by physicians - and declares that he studied medicine for seven years at the universities of Cologne, Freiburg, and Leipzig. It can, moreover, be assumed that he studied the liberal arts for the first three or four of these years, and medicine proper in the remaining years, as was customary at this time. His name does not appear on the rolls of the 1

2 3

C o n c e r n i n g the elder Eucharius Rösslin cf. Roth Rösslin der Ältere, pp. 289-311; Baas Lebensgang, p p . 429-444; Klein, pp. 315-316; Daniels-Moes, pp. 113-126. C f . R o t h Rösslin (der Jüngere), p p . 273-274, 338-340. T h e original is in the city archives of F r a n k f u r t under the call n u m b e r Medicinalia I, fol. 2 9 0 ' and A facsimile copy (Figure 1 b) and an edited version appear in the A p p e n d i x (pp. 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 ) . Parts of this letter and of a second letter of application dated 1528 w e r e previously published by Karl Sudhoff (Sudhoff Rösslin, p p . 139-140).

2

Introduction

University of Cologne, but he was registered at Freiburg for the winter semester of 1518 4 . In a second letter of application 5 for the position at Frankfurt, dated February 11, 1528, he again refers to his education. There is no doubt that he was graduated in medicine, for in the Mayoral Record of the City of Frankfurt for January 5, 1527 (Sabat. post circumcisionem) he is called " d e r artzney licentiat" 6 , and in his second letter of application Rösslin added that title to his signature. Moreover, in the foreword to the 1533 and 1535 editions of his herbal he calls himself "der Artznei Licentiat". The exact date of his university graduation and qualification as a physician is not known. Following his graduation Eucharius Rösslin the Younger traveled in Denmark and Holland, and practiced medicine in the vicinity of Jülich, Germany until 1526, as is shown by his first application to the city council of Frankfurt. After his father's death in 1526, he received the remainder of the stipend due his father. This is stated in the Mayoral Record of the City of Frankfurt for January 5, 1527 "Item 17 x /2 fl. geben Euchario Rösslin der artzney licentiat von wegen syns heren vnd vatters seligen für syn verdient firteljar" (Also given 17l/2 fl. to the licensed physician Eucharius Rösslin, in payment of his deceased father's earnings for a quarter of a year). In his first application Rösslin had declared himself willing to be appointed on trial to the position left vacant by the death of his father, but no such appointment appears to have been made, and he certainly did not receive a regular appointment in 1526 or 1527. In fact, we cannot even be sure that a second application, dated 1528, resulted in his appointment as town physician. All that we know is that he held this position in 1533, as is shown by the phrase "Stattartzt zu Franckfurt am M e y n " , which follows his name on the title page as well as on the Preface of the first edition of his herbal. Apparently no official documents indicating the dates of his subsequent appointments have come down to us. Rösslin certainly was never appointed permanently to this position, for town physicians of that period were not named for life but only for terms of from one to six years with the possibility of renewal 7 . At any rate, the title "Statartzt zu Franckfurt am Meyn" appears in the heading of the foreword to the successive editions of his herbal from 1533 to 1546. Rösslin is also mentioned in the annals of Johann Fichard 8 as being town physician in 1541. It seems clear, therefore, that he served continuously as town physician in Frankfurt until 1546 and, possibly, until his death the following year. The conditions of his employment, including salary, were probably much the same as they had been for his father. According to the Mayoral Record of the City 4 5

6

7 8

Baas Rösslin, pp. 38-40, 70-71. T h e original is in the city archives of Frankfurt under the call number Medicinalia I, fol. 2 7 4 7 " . See Appendix A for a facsimile copy (Figure 2a,b) and edited version (pp. 331 - 3 3 3 ) ; partially previously published by Sudhoff (Sudhoff Rösslin, pp. 139—140). C f . Kriegk, p. 3: „ D i e promovierten Ärzte hießen meist Licentiaten der Medicin . . . oder Magister der Medicin." Kriegk, pp. 8-9. Fichard Annalen p. 271.

Eucharius Rösslin the Younger

3

of Frankfurt for May 12, 1517 81 , the annual salary of the elder Rosslin was 70 guilders for a term of six years. Eucharius Rosslin the Younger may also have received other compensation. Georg Ludwig Kriegk's investigations6-7 show that in this period the town physicians of Frankfurt were given cloth for one or two coats or the money to purchase a fur lining for them every year. They were also excused from guard duty, exempt from taxes (Beedezahlungen) and sometimes from paying mint and miller's fees. Occasionally they were even reimbursed for the rental of a house. Information about the personal life and family of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger is fragmentary and sparse. Most of the facts now available are contained in the court records (Judicialia) of the City of Frankfurt. According to these records 9 - 1 0 Rosslin was first married to Barbara, the widow of council clerk Oswald Haug. Barbara died soon after the birth of her daughter Margretha. Further information about Rosslin's life becomes evident from the records of a lawsuit following Barbara's death. Katharina, Barbara's daughter by her first marriage to Oswald Haug and now married to Heinrich Freund, contested Rosslin's claim to Barbara's inheritance from Oswald Haug. Katharina Freund's lawsuit against Rosslin concerned the house called "clain Schoneck" (klein Schoneck) on the Kornmarkt as well as certain other possessions which had come to him from his wife Barbara and which were to revert to Katharina, as the daughter of her first marriage. Because of the unfavorable outcome of his suit Rosslin appealed to the highest court (the Reichskammergericht) but then decided to discontinue his appeal, probably because of the notorious delays in cases brought before this court. The whole matter was thereupon referred to a city commission for final settlement, and its decision, rendered on September 19, 1542, was that Rosslin had to leave "clain Schoneck" and transfer its ownership to Katharina. Furthermore, he was required to give Katharina 50 florins in cash, and to return her father's insignia ring, a silver cup, and a bed with all accessories. In return she had to renounce by oath all further claims to the inheritance of her mother. The court records also show other details of the settlement, such as the sharing of the court costs 9 . There was, moreover, at the request of the accounting officers of the city of Frankfurt, an enquiry into the unpaid taxes and fees for "clain Schoneck". In a letter dated December 9, 1542, Katharina's lawyer wrote that she was unwilling to pay the taxes 1 0 . Since she took over the house without liens it seems likely that Eucharius Rosslin had to pay the taxes. Evidently Rosslin occupied the house on the Kornmarkt for only a few yfears but it is not known where he lived after that. The records of the lawsuit also mention that Barbara had a son named Oswald by her first marriage. Rosslin himself apparently remarried, as can be deduced from a reference to Margretha, "seiner tochter (die er mit Barbara seiner) erster ehe Hausfrawen seliger bekomen " [his daughter (by Barbara his) deceased first wife]. This second marriage had evidently taken place by 1537. Rosslin's second wife is not mentioned in the court records and not even her name is known. 811 10

Bmb. 1517, fol. 7 V . Judicialia R 87 (1542) fol. 2 r - 4 r .

' Judicialia R 87 (1542) fol. 54 v -59 r .

4

Introduction

The exact date of death of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger cannot be precisely determined 11 . Roth 1 2 and others 13 have surmised that he died in 1553 or 1554, an opinion that is apparently based on the assumption that his immediate successor was Adam Lonicer who was appointed town physician in Frankfurt, October 4, 1554. In a later publication, however, Roth 1 2 concludes that the 1546 edition of Rosslin's herbal was the last one edited by him and that the 1550 edition was issued after his death, as is indicated by its very considerable deviation from the format of the 1546 edition. The Mayoral Record of the City of Frankfurt which we have examined confirms this conclusion and allows a closer estimate of the date of Rosslin's death. In an entry dated May 1, 1548, on fol. 188 r and 188v, "Eucharius Rosslin licentiat" is listed as deceased12®, four persons being appointed by the city council to settle a dispute among the guardians of his children 133 . That this entry relates to the elder Rosslin is highly improbable, for he died in 1526 and all his children would have reached their majority by 1548. The younger Rosslin might have died early in 1548, but this does not seem likely because of the time needed for this dispute to develop and be acted on by the City Council. This consideration makes it probable that the died in 1547. The matter is further complicated by the fact that the death records of the city of Frankfurt do not begin until 1556 and thus contain no mention of Rosslin. He was survived by at least one child by his second marriage and by Margretha. After Rosslin's death Ludwig Grave (Graff) and Johann Stock were appointed town physicians in Frankfurt on April 12, 1548. The first continued his service until November, 1559 and the second until August, 1559. One of these can probably be considered Rosslin's successor.

II. Works of Rösslin the Younger Rösslin the Younger's first work, entitled " D e partu/ hominis, et quae circa ipsum/ accidunt . . . " i s most likely a translation into Latin of the elder Rosslin's " D e r Swangern Frauwen vnd hebammen Rosegarten" 14 . It was first printed in 1532 by Egenolff in Frankfurt am Main and carries the name Rhodion, the Grecized form of Rösslin. Several reprints of " D e partu hominis" were published 11

12 12a 13

According to D r . Andernacht, the present director of the city archives, these archives do not seem to contain any other kind of record that lists the exact date of death of the younger Rösslin. R o t h Rosslin der Altere, pp. 291, 2 9 3 ; Rösslin (der Jüngere), pp. 2 7 3 - 2 7 4 . B m b . 1547. Choulant Incunabeln, pp. 42, 8 9 ; Stricker, p. 117; Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154; Klein, p. 3 1 6 ; Schreiber Kräuterbücher, p. X L V I I .

13a

T h e actual wording of this entry is as follows: „Zwischen weilent licentiaten Eucharii Rösslins zweierlei/ Kinder Furmunder gutlich handlung sint verordent D(r.) Johan Fichart, Oiger von Melem, Thomas Vgelnheimer vnd Jacob Greiff."

14

This is the title of the edition of 1513 according to Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 293.

Works of Rösslin the Younger

5

in the following years, as well as translations into other languages such as French and English 1 5 . The younger Rösslin has also been credited with the editions of the "Ehestandsarzneibuch", which is essentially a republication of the "Rosengarten". The first edition of this work was printed in 1526 in Erfurt, where also several later editions appeared. After Egenolff had set up his printing shop in Frankfurt in 1530, Rösslin asked him to prepare one more edition of the "Ehestandsarzneibuch". The book subsequently appeared in 1533 16 . Egenolff also printed Rösslin's "Kalender mit allen astronomischen haltungen . . ." in Frankfurt am Main in 1533 and in 1537 17 . More important than the preceding works is Rösslin the Younger's "Kreutterbüch", also printed by Christian Egenolff. Which one of them first proposed the publication of an herbal cannot be determined; such a work, however, may well have seemed an attractive commercial venture for each of them, since Frankfurt, with its two annual book fairs, was a very suitable place for the sale and distribution of any work on natural history and popular medicine. However, when Egenolff 1 8 displayed the first edition of Rösslin's "Kreutterb ü c h " at the fair during the fall of 1533, it gave him little satisfaction, since the book involved him in a lawsuit, with Johann Schott, the Strassburg printer. Schott accused Egenolff of illegally reprinting an herbal which he had published in 1532 in Strassburg and which was protected from reprint by Imperial Privilege 19 . The summons of the Reichskammergericht in Speyer, which is addressed to Egenolff, reads in part 2 0 : "Wiewol wir ine hieuor der mindern jarzall Christi vnsers hern in dem zwentzigisten jar zu Wormbss vnnd nachmals vff vnserm reichstag zu Augspurg des dreissigsten jars inhallt zweier vnsser keiserlicher freiheiten begnaded vnd begäbet, also das ime keiner seine bucher von ime gedruckt in einer benenten zeit erstlich bei zehen vnnd zu dem andern funff marck lotigs golts benenter penen nachtrucken, oder gedanken zu feilem kauff furtragen noch verkauffen solle, wie dan das alles in gemelten key(serlichen) freiheiten mit weiten Worten begriffen, so sollest du doch darüber vnd wider disz lauffenden drei vnd dreiszigsten jars ime alle vnnd iede kreutter, souil er deren erstlich seins angebens durch Hansen Wyditz maier zu Strassburg nach leblicher art ausz der erden kunstlicher 15

16

17 18

19

20

For a list of the editions of this work see Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 291 and especially pp. 305-311 and pp. 113-126. See Roth Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 273; Klein, pp. 315-316. Four other editions of the "Ehestandsarzneibuch" were printed by Wolffgang Stürmer in the years 1540, 1542, 1544, and 1549; see v. Hase, pp. 2618 (No. 217), 2619 (No. 221), 2620-21 (No. 226), 2745 ( N o . 1069). See Roth Rösslin der Ältere, pp. 291-292; Rösslin der Jüngere, p. 273. Concerning Christian Egenolff's life see Grotefend, pp. 1-23. See also Kallmorgen, pp. 188-189. About the lawsuit with Johann Schott, see Grotefend, pp. 16-18; Wigand, pp. 227-231; Choulant Abbildungen, p. 228. We give here a quotation of a part of the summons which is written in the name of Emperor Charles V and is dated October 28, 1533. A xerox copy of the original was obtained from the Stadtarchiv Frankfurt a. Main (RKG S 7647/3, fol. 2r).

6

Introduction

warnemung irer aller21, kraut, bletter, samen, steudlin vnnd wurtzeln nun lange zeit etlich jar heer, bisz in das funfft mit grosser muhe, costen vnnd arbeit abcontrafeit, als ein neu werck vormals im truck nie gesehen, darzu weiter auch vil contrafeyth figurn in seine tabulas22 gerissen, abbossiert, nachreisen vnd nachschneiden lassen von strich zu strich verjungen vnd zu truck volgents aussgehn lassen, auch vergangen Franckfurter herbst mesz, vnangesehen das du berurter vnser freiheiten zuuor gnungsam erinnert vnd gewarnet, gantz verächtlicher weisz offens marckts verkaufft vnd darmit seinen schaden vnd nachteil zum höchsten gemehret, ine auch seins vorgetruckten wercks treffenlich hinderstellt, dardurch auch bestimpte penen verwurckt . . ." (Although we have previously granted him two Imperial Privileges, one in the twentieth year of our Lord (= 1520) in Worms and thereafter one at our Diet of Augsburg in the 30th year (= 1530), to the effect that no one would reprint any of the books printed by him within a given time, on pain of a fine of 10 gold marks in the first case and 5 in the second; and that none may offer for sale or sell such books. Although all this was stated in the above mentioned Imperial Privileges most explicitly, you are accused of having disregarded this and, during this 33rd year (= 1533) of having caused figures to be engraved into his illustrations, and of having copied figures to be redrawn, recut and reembossed, and of having released them for printing; those herbs which he had drawn by Hans Wyditz, a Strassburg painter, who did them from nature, skillfully observing their leaves, seeds, bushes and roots, over several years until the fifth, at great pains and cost; then you caused this to appear in print as a new work that had never appeared before and you have also sold it openly last fall at the Frankfurt Fair in spite of having been reminded and warned of our privileges; thus you have greatly contributed to his loss and damage and have deprived him of the fruits of his aforeprinted work; in so doing you have also incurred certain fines . . .). Egenolff, in turn, defended himself by pointing out that the accusation was entirely unfounded: the material for his work had come from an old book compiled and written by a Doctor Johannes von Cuba, about 30 or 40 years before. "Nun ist aber je niemandtz verpoten, alte biicher nachzutrucken, besonnder solliche bücher daruß dem menschen geholffen werden mag, dweyl jetz zu vnnsern zeithen vnerherte vnd schwere kranckheyten vfstehen"23 (No one, however, is prohibited from reprinting old books, especially not such books as are of benefit to mankind, inasmuch as unprecedented and serious diseases have arisen in the present age). Egenolff's defense was based on the concept of public domain and on the principle of the common weal. During those years of the epidemics a book on medicine, written in a popular vein, must indeed have been of considerable value. Egenolff emphasized further, that Schott's book had little similarity to his own. On comparing these two works with respect to text and figures, it was evident, that his herbal contained over 50 herbs which were not in his adversary's book. "Des beclagten herbario hat vber funfftzig Kreutter die der Schoth gar nit 21

The

22

W e take 'Taruionus' in the original to mean 'tabulas'. Quotation from R K G S 7 6 4 7 / 3 , fol. 2 r , Stadtarchiv Frankfurt a. Main.

23

original

reads

"alchers"

o r "althers".

"Aller"

is a conjecture by the

editor.

Works of Rösslin the Younger

7

hat, dessgleichen vber funfftzig Kreuter in des Schoten, des der beclagt nit hat, seindt mer dan hunderterley Kreuther, die gar nit gegen ainannder gehalten

werden konnten"24 (The herbal of the accused has over fifty herbs which Schott does not have at all; likewise, there are more than fifty herbs in Schott's book which the accused does not have; that makes more than a hundred herbs which do not match). T h e book which Schott was trying to protect was probably a herbal by O t t o Brunfels; either the "Herba/rvm vivae Eiconeb (!)/ ad nature imitationem summa cum/ diligentia et artificio effigiatae,/ vna cum effe-/ctibus . . . " of 1530 and 1532 or the German herbal under the title "Contrafayt Kreüterbuch/ Nach rechter vollkommener art, vnud (!) Beschreibungen der Alten, besßt-berümpten ärtzt, vormals/ in Teütscher sprach,/ der masßen nye/ gesehen, noch in Truck außgangen . . . " 2 S . Rösslin's herbal is certainly not a reprint of Brunfels' work, but some illustrations from Brunfels' books were used as models in Frankfurt 2 6 . T h e archives in Frankfurt apparently do not possess any material on the outcome of the law suit. Whether the decision was favorable to Egenolff or not, it was most likely a factor in Rösslin's reorganization of his "Kreutterbüch", apparent in the second edition of 1535. A number of reprints of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch" appeared shortly thereafter. B y 1547, the year of Rösslin's death, seven editions had been published, all of them by Christian Egenolff in Frankfurt am Main. O f these, edition B is a revision of A and C - G are reprints of B . For the present edition of the text on minerals we examined the following versions, all of them published during Rösslin's lifetime: 1. A : Frankfurt am Main, March 26, 1533 2.

B : Frankfurt am Main, 1535

3. C : Frankfurt am Main, August 1536 4. D : Frankfurt am Main, Herbstmonat 1538 5.

E : Frankfurt am Main, Herbstmonat 1540

6.

F : Frankfurt am Main, 1542

7. G : Frankfurt am Main, 1546 Since there is as yet no detailed bibliographical description of the prints of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch", we give here an account of every edition which appeared during Rösslin's lifetime. The hitherto best information on these editions is to be found in Pritzel Thesaurus, p. 352 (No. 11901); Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), pp. 3 3 8 - 3 4 0 ; Choulant Incunabeln p. 70 (No. 27); Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154; Nissen Kräuterbücher, pp. 61-62. 24 25 26

Quotation from RKG S 7647/3, fol. 2 r , Stadtarchiv Frankfurt a. Main. Titles from Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 26 (No. 257, 258). See Röttinger, pp. 9 - 1 8 , 20.

8

Introduction

III. Bibliographic Description of the Editions of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch" 1. A (1533)27 Title: Kreutterbüch von allem Erdtgewachs/ Anfenglich von Doctor Johan Cuba zusa-| men bracht/ Jetz widerumb new Corrigirt/ | vnd auß den bestberumptsten Artzten/ | auch taglicher erfarnuß/ gemehrt. | Mit warer Abconterfeitung | aller Kreuter. | Distillierbüch Hierony| mi Braunschwig/ von aller kreuter außgebrennten Wassern/ hiermit | füglich ingeleibt. | [Roman] D. Eucharius Rhodion, [Fraktur] Stattartzt zu Franckfurt am Meyn. | C [Italic] Zu Franckfurt am Meyn, Bei Christian Egenolph. | 153328. Coll.: Fol. JT8 A - C c 4 Dd 6 , 118 leaves, pp. [xvi] I-CCXII [CCXIII-CCXX], Misnumbered pages: XII-XIII (misnumbered as XIII-XIIII); XXVII (misnumbered as XXXVII); LXXIX (misnumbered as LXXXVII); CXCII (misnumbered as CXCXII, CXXXIX (misnumbered as CXXXI). Woodcuts: See Röttinger, pp. 9-13, 27. Contents: [i] title page: title and place of publication, surrounded by woodcuts. The title page of this first edition has no note of an imperial license. [ii] preface with the title: Eucharius Rößlin/ der Artznei Licenciat/ Statartzt zu Franck» | furt am Meyn/ wünscht dem gutigen Leser Gottes gnad | vnnd alles gut beuor. Rösslin states in the Preface that God has, through plants, herbs, roots, and flowers, given mankind "vnaussprechliche hülff vnd rath" for bodily ailments. His edition, Rösslin continues, is a revision of a book on herbs by Johan Cuba; he has removed "vii iamerlichs vnnützes dings" which Cuba's successors had added, and has then augmented the original text with newer authenticated materials, "also das gollt auß dem kat gescheyden". Even though this book had been of great use in Germany and was a "schätz/ von souil edlen Artzneien/ Recepten/ Salben/ Trencken/ plastern/ Cur vnd Juuuamenten", it had not received much notice from the common man. He intended to give the "gemeynen man" a "Haußapoteck vnd Artzney buch". Rösslin also explains that he has incorporated the "Distillier büch" of Hieronymus Braunschweig. Since herb names differ from region to region, he provides a number of synonyms as an aid for his readers. Then follows a plea to the reader to receive the book well, and a prayer to God, to bestow his grace upon us all. At the end of the Preface the place and date of publication are listed again: Datum Franckfurt / Den xx. tag Mertzens. Anno M. D. xxxiii. Following the Preface there is a printed illustration, which recurs in the editions of 1535 and 1536. It represents perhaps a portrayal of Joshua on his triumphal march, as may be concluded from the woodcut in the 1536 edition 27

28

The editions of 1533 and 1535 are described in detail, while only general accounts are given of the other editions, since they are more or less reprints. Fraktur understood if not indicated otherwise.

Bibliographie Description of Rösslin's " K r e u t t e r b u c h "

9

which contains a reference to Exodus 17. The woodcut of 1536 depicts the battle of Joshua against Amalek rather than the triumphal march (cf. Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 and Röttinger, p. 27). The victory over Amalek through weapons is probably intended as an analogy to the physician's victory over sickness and suffering. [iii-viii]: a discussion of distillation apparatus, the production of distilled waters, an explanation of the gradation system of the four degrees, as well as an explanation of the use and properties of distilled waters. It is divided into the following parts: 1) Ein kurtzer/ leichter begriff | vnnd vnderricht/ gemeyne Distillir odder | Brennofen / mit zügehörender bereydt-schafft zemachen/ vnd alle Kreu|ter zu Distillieren. 2) Ein geringe vnnd leichte | Form on allen kosten / in der eil / vnnd fürs gemeyn baursuolck/ einen | Brennofen zumachen. 3) Von rectification/ haltung | vnd verwarung der gebrennten wasser. 4) Wie man die Gradus/ da-|uon diß Büch meidung thüt/ verstehn sol. 5) Vonn Distillierung in ge-|meyne/ vnd dem Gebrauch | der gebrannten wasser. 6) Vnderschidliche eines ieden | Wassers Eygenschafft vnd Qualitet. This part of the text closes with a listing and classification of each of the individual distilled waters. Also mentioned here are the names of some of the authorities on which the text is based, i. e. the "Namen etlicher alten bestberümptenn natürlichen meyster vnd Irtzt/ bei denen diß Büch gegründt ist". These authorities are: Almansor; Auerrois; Cassius Felix; Dioscorides; Galenus; Hippocrates; Isidorus; Oribasius; Paulus; Plinius; Rasis; Serapio, and others. [viii-xvi]: A Latin index followed by one in German. In the Latin index [viii—xii] 643 entries are grouped alphabetically. Entries within each group are listed in serial order according to the chapter numbers. The German index [xiii-xvi] with 603 entries is arranged in the same manner as the Latin one. I - [ C C X I I I ] : main part of the book. The numbering begins after the title page, Preface, and indices ( = 16 unnumbered pages). Each page of the entire text is printed in double columns, but only in the main text are the two columns of each page further subdivided into the quadrants, A, B, C, and D. There is no numbering of chapters in the main text. The main section has 412 entries on plants, plant substances, animals, animal substances, and inorganic substances. These are arranged alphabetically but not according to subject. The arrangement is the same as that in the German edition of the "Gart der Gesundheit", but different from the subsequent editions of Rösslin's work. [ C C X I I I - C C X I X ] : index of remedies. A list of all illnesses discussed in the "Kreutterbuch" with their page reference, under the following title: "Voigt ein gar nützlich vnd ] ey gentlich Register/ zu allen kranckheitpn/ vnd gebresten/ Artznei vnd Rath eilendts | in disem büch zefinden / an welchem blat | vnnd vnder welichem neben gesetzten Büchstaben." Here too the arrangement is only roughly alphabetical.

10

Introduction

[ C C X I X ] : colophon: Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn/ Bei | Christian Egenolff/ Volendet vff den ] xxvi. tag Mertzens, Nach der | geburt Christi vnsers Se|ligmachers | M. D. XXXiij. iare 29 . Corrigenda are listed in the last column of the text: "Correctur dessen so vnderm trucken on-|gefar hinein kommen." Locations 3 0 : British Museum, Catalogue N o . 7029. g. 19; the University of Kiel, Catalogue N o . : Archiv III. 84 29 ; Rome, Vatican, Catalogue No.: Palatina II. 355, int. 2; University of Wisconsin, not catalogued. Literature: Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70; Pritzel Thesaurus, p. 352 (No. 11901); Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 338; British Museum Catalogue, vol. 46, p. 806; Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 (No. 1667), which gives details on the illustrations. Nissen Kräuterbücher, p. 62, Tafel 21a. For the illustrations see also Choulant Abbildungen, p. 229; Sprengel, vol. 2, p. 296; Röttinger, p. 9. 2. B (1535) Title: Kreutterbuch. | Von aller Kreutter/ Gethier/ | Gesteyne vnnd Metal/ natur/ | nutz / vnnd gebrauch, [ornament] Distillier zeug vnd Bericht / | Allerhandt Kostbarliche Wasser zubrennen/ | halten vnnd gebrauchen, [hand] [Italic] Mit Keyserlicher Maiestat Gnad vnd Priuilegio / | Getruckt zu Franckenfurt am Meyn / Bei | Christian Egenolff. Coll.: Fol. a-b 6 A - B b 6 Cc 4 Dd 6 , 172 leaves, pp. [xxiv] I - C C C X I X [ C C C X X ] (t 4 missigned as t 1, p. CXLVIII misnumbered as CXLII). Woodcuts: See Röttinger, pp. 18-20, 27, 54-56, 64, 70. Contents: [i]: title page. Title is surrounded by woodcuts, [ii]: preface, taken from the 1533 edition. [iii-viii]: Latin name index, with page references in alphabetical order and with the Latin reference words in italics. [viiii-xvi]: German name index with page references in alphabetical order, [xv-xxiv]: German subject index, listing mostly diseases and their remedies. The entries are grouped alphabetically, but within each group there is neither alphabetical nor serial arrangement. At the end of this index there is an illustration of distillatory operations. I—VI: the main body of the work begins with a section on distillation, which is repeated from the 1533 edition. The numbering of the pages begins with this section. At the end of page VII there appears the same list of authorities as in the 1533 edition. VIII-XLIIII: 'Das Erst theyl diss Büchs" follows, containing 117 chapters, of which (a) the first chapter deals with man; 29 30

T h e description of the print was made from the edition at the University of Kiel. Here, as elsewhere, we only indicate the locations known to us, without claiming completeness of information.

Bibliographie Description of Rösslin's "Kreutterbuch"

11

(b) the next fifty chapters describe a variety of domestic and wild animals; 37 deal with mammals, 2 with amphibians, 3 with reptiles and 8 with insects; (c) there follows a group of 58 chapters under the title "Von den vogeln", of which 47 deal with true birds, 9 with insects, 1 with a reptile, and 1 with eggs; (d) finally, there are 8 chapters, entitled "Von den Fischen", 3 of which deal with true fishes, 1 with the whale, 2 with shellfish and 2 with snails. It is noteworthy that this section is given the title "Von den vogeln Das Erst Capittel", even though there is no further division into chapters. For the entire work, the arrangement of the individual entries is generally alphabetical in accordance with the Latin names. X L V - L X X X I : the second main part is entitled "Voigt hernach/ von Nat u r e n / Eygenschafft | vnnd wirckungen der Edelgesteyn/ E r t z / | Metall/ Erden vnd G u m m i " . It contains 126 chapters which are introduced by a chapter entitled "Von Polierung allerhandt Edelgesteyn/ rechter Kunst". Only the 93 chapters on true minerals and what are considered minerals in the sixteenth century are included and discussed in our edition. The excluded chapters deal with animal and vegetable products, particularly gums of medicinal interest. LXXI-LXXIX, entitled "Kreutterbuch / | Von allem Erdtgewechß / | Pflantzen vnd Kreuttern" is the final main part and is subdivided into: 1. General remarks on: (a) " W u n d e r b a r / seltzam vnnd lustbarliche verimpffung der bäum/ | vnd friicht." (b) "Wie Girten sollen in ein gemeyn ge|macht vnd gearbeyt werden." (c) "Von der Impffung." (d) "Von den biumen inn | einer gemein." 2. The actual section on plants (LXXXIX-CCCXIX), entitled "Von der kreuter | Natur vnd Eygenschafft" - the largest section of the work, dealing with 350 plants and sundry products. Among these products are: Aloe, Judenleim (Bitumin), Essig (Acetum), Wasser (Aqua), Butter (Butirum), Hirtzschwam (Ceruibolitus), Kese (Caseus), Mastix, Mirr (Mirrha), Honig (Mel), Pfeffer (Piper), Petroleum. Since Rösslin's work seeks to give "dem gemeynen man, so etwan den Artzten vnd Apotecken entsessen . . . ein haußapoteck vnd Artzneibüch", all plants, animals, stones, and other substances are given their common names in the title. The long descriptions of plants, such as Beifusz (XC), are generally followed by a description of the distilled water prepared from these plants. [CCCXIX]: notation of the date M. D. XXXV. Locations: British Museum, Catalogue N o . 434, f. g. (1.); Hessische Landesbibliothek Fulda, Catalogue N o . : 4° N W A S/10; complete 31 . Literature: Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70; Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 338; Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 (No. 1668); Nissen Kräuterbücher, p. 62, Tafel 121b; British Museum Catalogue, vol. 46, p. 806. 31

This description was made from the edition in the Hessische Landesbibliothek Fulda.

4

R ö s s l i n : O n Minerals

12

Introduction

3. C (1536) Title: Kreuterbüch/ von | aller Kreuter/ Gethier/ Gesteine vnd | Metal/ N a t u r / nutz/ vnnd gebrauch. | Mitt aller derenn leblicher | Abconterfeytunge. | Distillier zeug vnd Bericht/ Aller|handt Kostbarliche Wasser zubrennen/ halten j vnd gebrauchen. | Alles über vorige Edition/ Gebesseret vnnd gemehret. | Inhalt Dreier fleissigen fürgstelten Register. [Italic] Mit Keyserlicher Maiestat Gnad vnnd Priuilegio, Getruckt | zu Franckenfurt, am Meyn, Bei | Christian Egenolffen. Coll.: Fol. a-b 6 A - B b 6 Cc 4 Dd 8 , 174 leaves, pp. [xxix] I - C C X I X [CCXXIII]. Woodcuts: See Röttinger, pp. 27, 34, 51, 55f., 64, 70. Contents: [i] title page: title is surrounded by woodcuts. On the lower part of the page the same woodcut recurs which appeared in the 1535 edition, while woodcuts on the upper part of the page represent plants, animals, fruits, and minerals. Since the 1536 edition is a reprint of the edition of 1535 and since the layout of contents and form has been preserved, the reader is referred to our description of the 1535 text. However, four unnumbered pages [ C C C X I X - C C C X X I I I ] have been added to the work. This section has the title: "Von gewissem vnnd gerechtem vrtheyl aller geschicklicheyt des mensch | en Harns/ darauß aller gebrechen vnd | kranckheiten grundt zu erkennen." A separate subdivision of this section deals with the "zirckel". [ C C C X X I I I ] : colophon: Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn/ bei Christian Egenolph. | Im Augstmon. Anno M. D. X X X V I . Location: British Museum, Catalogue N o . 547. k. 6 (l) 3 2 . Literature: Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70; Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 338; Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 (No. 1668). 4. D (1538) Title: Kreutterbüch. Vonn aller Kreutter, Gethier, Gesteyne unnd Metal, natur nutz unnd gebrauch. Mit aller deren leblicher Abconterfeytungen Distillier zeug und Bericht Allerhandt Kostbarliche Wasser zu brennen. Coll.: Fol. a-b 6 A - D d 6 Cc 4 Dd 8 , 174 leaves, pp. [xxiv] I - C C C X I X [ C C C X X I I I ] . ( C C X I X misnumbered as C C I X ; CCLIIII misnumbered as CCIII; C C L X X X misnumbered as C C X X X ) . Woodcuts: See Röttinger, p. 27. Contents: The edition of 1538 follows in layout, form, and title headings the previous edition of 1536. It ends with the colophon: Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn / bei Christian Egenolph. | Jm Herbstmon. Anno M. D. XXXVIII. Location: Hessische Landesbibliothek Fulda, Catalogue No.: 4° NW A S/10a; incomplete 33 . 32 33

T h e description was made from a xerox copy from the British Museum. T h e title is quoted according to Nissen Kräuterbücher, p. 62, Tafel 21b. The only existing edition, as far as we know, is in the Landesbibliothek Fulda. This edition is in-

Bibliographie Description of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch"

13

Literature: Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 (No. 1668); Nissen Kräuterbücher, p. 62, Tafel 21b. 5. E (1540) Title: Kreuterbüch/ von | aller Kreuter/ Gethier/ Gesteine vnd | Metal/ Natur/ nutz vnnd gebrauch. | Mit aller derenn leblicher | Abconterfeytunge. Distillier zeug vnd Bericht/ Aller | handt Kostbarliche Wasser zubrennen/ hal- | ten vnd gebrauchen. [ Alles über vorige Edition / Gebessert vnd gemehret. | Inhalt dreier fleissigen fürgstelten Register. [Italic] Mit Keyserlicher Maiestat Gnad vnd Priuilegio; Getruckt | zu Franckenfurt, am Meyn, Bei | Christian Egenolffen. Coll.: Fol. a-b 6 A-Bb 6 Cc 4 Dd 8 , 174 leaves, pp. [xxiv] I-CCCXVIII [ C C C X I X - C C C X X I V ] . (S 4 missigned as S, Aa 3 missigned as A 3. Numerous errors in pagination.) P. X V misnumbered as X X XLIII XLIIII XLI LXI X L VIII LXVIII LXIII LXXII C XXXI CXXXIII C CXXVIII CCXVIII CCIX CCXIX CCLIII CCLIIII CCLVII CCLVIII CCXXX CCLXXX CCXCXIX CCXCIX CCCVIII CCCXVIII Pages missing: X L I X - L I I I . Woodcuts: See Röttinger, p. 27. Contents: The title page is set up as the one in the edition of 1536. Preface, and indices follow the 1536 and 1538 version. The only difference is a note added at the end of the index to the effect that a section on urine is to be found on "blatt C C C X I X " . An illustration concerning a distillation process is found after the German index. In layout, form, and title headings the main part of this edition follows the previous editions of 1536 and 1538. The text ends with the colophon: Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn/ bey Christian Egenolph. Jm Herbstmon. Anno M. D. X L . Locations: Senckenbergische Bibliothek, Frankfurt am Main, Catalogue N o . : 4° Q 192. 1942/1 34 .

34

4*

complete, with title page and preface missing. The description was made from the text in Fulda. T h e description was made from the edition in the Senckenbergische Bibliothek, Frankfurt am Main.

14

Introduction

Literature: Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70; Roth Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 338, N o . 4; Pritzel Thesaurus, p. 352 (No. 11901); Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, 154 (No. 1668). 6. F (1542) Title: Kreuterbüch/ vonn aller kreu-|ter/ Gethier/ Gesteine vnnd Metal/ N a t u r / nutz vnnd | gebrauch. Mit aller deren leblicher Abcon-|terfeytungen. Distillier zeug vnd Bericht/ Allerhandt kostbarlich | Wasser zubrennen/ halten vnd gebrauchen. | Alles über vorige Edition/ Gebessert vnd gemehrt. Jnhalt | dreier fleissigen fürgestelten Register. [Italic] Mit Keyserlicher Maiestat Gnad vnnd Priuilegio, | Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn, | Bei Christian Egenolph. Coll.: Fol. [Prelim, gatherings cannot be determined, ] A-Ll 6 , [?] leaves, pp. [?] I-XCIII [XCIIII], Ff. XC-CCXLVI (H 3 missigned as G 3; Ff 4 missigned as Gg 4. Numerous errors in pagination and foliation)35. P.

IX misnumbered as XI IX XI XX XV XVII XVIII LXI-LXIII XLI-XLIII LXIII XLIIII XL VIII LXVIII CXV F. CXVIII CXXIIII-CXXXIII CXXIII-CXXXII CXXXVI-CXXXVII CXXXV-CXXXVI CLXXIIII CLXXIII XC-XCII CXC-CXCII ccx CC CCXXXVII CCXXXXVII CCXL I CCXL Pp. LXXXVI, LXXXVIII, XCIIII are unnumbered.

Woodcuts: See Röttinger, p. 27. Contents: The title on the title page is no longer enclosed in a border of woodcuts. There is a woodcut on distillation processes on the top of the page, and the woodcut of previous editions is at the bottom. Preface, index, and register are probably repeated from previous editions. The copy in Frankfurt am Main has an incomplete Latin and German index, with the Latin index starting with the letter "S", and the German index running only till "Amey". I—VII: first part of the main body: this section, dealing with distillation, follows the previous editions, as do the next sections. VII-XLIIII: "Das Erste teyl dises Büchs." XLV-LXXXI: "Voigt hernach/ | Von Naturn/ eygenschafft vnnd wirckung der Edelgesteyn/ Ertz/ | Metal/ Erden vnd Gummi."

Bibliographie Description of Rösslin's "Kreutterbuch"

15

L X X X I I - X C I : "Volget das Kreuterbüch/ | Von allem Erdgewechs / Pflantzen vnnd Kreuttern." Beginning with this part each page contains only one column. X C I I - C C X L V I : This is the actual section on plants, entitled " V o n der Kreuter N a t u r | vnnd Eygenschafft", containing 396 chapters. There is no section on urine and "zirckel" in this edition. C C X L V I : The edition of 1542 ends with Egenolff's printer's mark and the colophon: " G e t r u c k t zu Franckfurt am Meyn/| Bei Christian Egenolph. | Anno M . D . X L I I . " O n Egenolff's printing mark, see Grimm Buchdruckersignete, p. 292-293; Röttinger, p. 77; Grotefend, Beilage: Signete Christian Egenolffs. Locations: Senckenbergische Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, Catalogue N o . : 4° Q 192. 1942/2 3 5 ; Staatliche Bibliothek Regensburg, Catalogue N o . : 4° Med. 17; incomplete. Literature: Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 ( N o . 1668); Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 338. 7. G (1546) Title: Kreutterbuch/ vonn aller Kreuter/ B a u m / Gesteud vnd Frücht Desz j gleichen der Gethier/ edlen gesteyn/ Metal vnd ande|rer Simplicien vnnd Stucken der Artznei/ Naturlichem j nutz vnd gebrauch. Mit aller deren fleissiger | Beschreibung/ vnd leblichen | Abcon-|terfeytungen. Distillier zeug vnd bericht/ Kostbarliche Wasser | zubrennen/ halten vnd gebrauchen. | Alles über vorige E d i t i o n / Gebessert vnd gemehrt. Jnhalt | dreier fleissigen fürgestelten Register. Mit Keyserlicher Maiestat Gnad vnd Priuilegio/ Getruckt zu | Franckfurt am M e y n / Bei Christian Egenolph. Coll.: A 6 - 2 a - q 6 r 8 , 258 leaves, ff. [xvi] I - C C X L I I (ff. V and C C X X V I are unnumbered; f. C X L I I I misnumbered as C X L I I I I , and f. C L V I I misnumbered as C C X X V I I ) 3 6 . Woodcuts: See Röttinger, p. 27. Contents: [i]: title page: set up as in the edition of 1542. [ii]: preface: the preface is taken from the 1533 edition; although the information on place and date are missing in contrast to previous editions. For the first time no reference is made to Hieronymus Brunschwig and to Matthew 6. =:-6::-*6*=:-*4. ¡ n c l i c e s consisting, as in previous editions, of three parts: (a) a Latin name index; (b) a German name index; (c) a German subject index. I—XIII: the first part of the main body of the book, dealing with distillation. N e w emphasis is put upon distillation vessels, as the following section headings indicate: "Mancherhand Instrument vnnd gleser/ zum | Distilliern/ Putreficirn/ Circulirn/ Resoluirn/ vnd Dige | r i m / mancherley grSsse vnd gestalt." - "Wie man die langen hils solcher gleser/ wo von | nöten/ zum teyl abnemen m a g . " "Cucurbiten oder Kürbsgltser beste art | vnd gestalten." - "Wie man glasz zü35

36

T h e copy of the Seckenbergische Bibliothek has three leaves following L I 6 with partial manuscript index. T h e collation was made from the editions in the Staatsbibliothek München and the Stadtbibliothek Mainz.

16

Introduction

schweyssen s o l l . " - "Andere form vnnd gestalt der Distillierglaser/ zu | der Circulation/ auff vnd nider steigen/ in der Distillation/ | dardurch die materi gereynigt/ subtiliert/ vnd | das grob darinn verzert w i r t . " - " D i s e nachfolgende/ seind fast breuchliche glaser | von zweyen stucken in der glaßhütten zusamen gestossen/ darinn kan man die abfallenden tröpfflin sehen." X I I I - X X X I I I I : " V o n Gethier. | Das Erste Theyl dises | Büchs/ Von N a t u r e n / Eygenschaff-|ten vnd wirckungen lebendiger Creaturen/ vnnd Thier." It is divided into (a) a chapter on man (f. X I I I ) ; (b) a section on animals (ff. XIII-XXXIII). X X X I I I - X L I X : " F o l g t hernach von natur/ ey-Jgenschafft/ vnnd wirckung/ der Edel gesteyn/ | E r t z / Metall / Erden vnd G u m m i . " L - L I I I I : "Volget das Kreuterbüch/ Von allem Erdgewechs/ Pflantzen | vnnd K r e u t e r n . " This section is set up as in the previous editions. L I I I I - C C X L I I : " V o n Kreuttern. | Von der Kreuter Natur | vnnd Eygens c h a f f t " ; 450 chapters. C C X L I I : end of the text and colophon "Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn/ | Bei Christian Egenolph. | Anno M . D . X L V I " . C C X L I I : Egenolff's printer's mark. Locations: Stadtbibliothek Mainz, Catalogue N o . : II 1 : 271182; incomplete. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Catalogue N o . : 2° Phyt. 243 wb. Contrary to what Nissen reports and according to information from the Germanische M u s e u m , there is no copy .of this edition at the Germanische Museum Nürnberg. Literature: Roth Rösslin der Ältere, p. 292; Rösslin (der Jüngere), pp. 338-339; Nissen Buchillustration, vol. 2, p. 154 (No. 1668). After Rösslin's death the "Kreutterbüch" was published several times in Egenolff's printing house 3 7 , more or less in its old form, by Adam Lonicer, a Frankfurt physician and Egenolff's son-in-law 3 8 . When Lonicer died in 1586, Rösslin's work was still so popular that about twelve more editions were prepared, some supervised by Peter Uffenbach and Balthasar Ehrhardt; the last edition appeared in Augsburg in 1783. By that time the book was better known under the name of its later editor, Adam Lonicer, than under that of Eucharius Rösslin. Schreiber 3 7 says it made Lonicer famous for two centuries: " D a s letztere Werk hat ihm zwei Jahrhunderte hindurch zu einer Art Unsterblichkeit verholf e n . " Many of the illustrations which adorned Rösslin's first edition of his text can still be found in this last edition which shows how these illustrations travelled f r o m Frankfurt to U l m and from there to Memmingen and finally to Augsburg.

37

38

For the posthumous editions see Roth Rösslin (der Jüngere), p. 339; Schreiber Kräuterbücher, p. X L V - X L V I I ; Nissen Buchillustation, vol. 2, p. 154 ( N o . 1669); Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70. After Egenolff's death the printing house was called Egenolff's heirs (Egenolff's Erben), one of the heirs being A d a m Lonicer.

Rösslin's Kreutterbuch and its Relationship to other German Herbáis

17

I V . R o s s l i n ' s " K r e u t t e r b u c h " and its Relationship t o other G e r m a n H e r b a l s of the Late 15th and early 16th Centuries Rosslin's herbal is in large part a confluence of subject matter from three earlier works: I. The " G a r t der Gesundheit", II. The "Hortus Sanitatis" and III. The " L i b e r de arte distillandi" of Hieronymus Brunschwig. This third work will not be considered in our general discussion because it was merely the source of certain specialized information, and the subject matter derived from it constitutes only a small proportion of the whole. The " G a r t der Gesundheit", the "Hortus Sanitatis" and their prototype, the "Herbarius Mogentinus", are the first books of herbs and materia medica published in Germany. The "Herbarius Mogentinus" by Peter Schoffer, Gutenberg's son-in-law, first appeared in 1484 in Mainz. In 1485 the "Gart der Gesundheit" was printed in the same city and by the same Peter Schoffer. The "Hortus Sanitatis" was published six years later by Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz. All three works and their successors are beautifully illustrated by woodcuts of plants, animals, and minerals important for medical usage, some even with handilluminated woodcuts. Each underwent several editions or printings, which shows their popularity. All three are herbals in the 15th-century sense, meaning that they are medical books intended for use not only by physicians, but also by the general public. In spite of their common features the three members of this family of herbals have characteristics which distinguish them from each other. Since the "Herbarius Mogentinus" is not a direct source for Rosslin's "Kreutterbuch", only the " G a r t der Gesundheit" and the "Hortus Sanitatis" will be considered here. The " G a r t der Gesundheit", written in the vernacular and printed in Fraktur, is introduced by a large woodcut showing thirteen figures. The three central ones of the group have been considered by some to be the fathers of Greek medicine - the old man with long beard being either Hippocrates of Galen, the turbaned figure representing Avicenna, the third principal figure with an open book perhaps resembling the author himself. The other five seem to be Arabs, Jews, ecclesiastics, and medieval scholars 3 9 . Thus the "Gart der Gesundheit" is a link in an age-old tradition of centuries of medicine, bringing together, as it does, the knowledge of the Near East and the Occident. This is further attested by the Preface which refers to such authorities as Galen, Avicenna, and Serapion. The Preface also indicates that the " G a r t der Gesundheit" is based in part on the speculative systems and theories of the Middle Ages, such as the theory of the four elements or natures 4 0 . Although the "Gart der Gesundheit" as well as the other herbals mentioned above are mainly compilations and lay no claim to originality, they were compiled with a certain degree of critical sense and contain some empirical observations made by their authors. Rosslin gives an indication of such 39 40

See Payne, p p . 90-91. T h e Preface, which Payne, p. 92 calls " s o beautiful in feeling and language", was translated into English by Arber, pp. 22-26.

18

Introduction

critical awareness when, in his Introduction, he says with respect to the old work of Johann Cube: "vnd wes ich guts durch meine oder anderer erfarung gehabt/ an die stat gesetzt/ also das golt au!5 dem kat gescheiden". The editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit" fall into two distinct groups. The first group - group (a) - , which begins with Peter Schoffer's version of 1485, deals mostly with plants. Each of these editions contains 435 chapters, 382 of which are devoted to plants, 25 to animals or animal products, and 28 to minerals and other organic substances. All the chapters are arranged in alphabetical order according to title, but based on the first letter of the caption only. Even the last of these editions, that of Eucharius Rosslin, published in 1533, is set up in this same general pattern 41 . In the case of minerals, not only is the number of chapters dealing with minerals almost the same as in the earliest of the series, but the numbering of these chapters coincides, as shown in Appendix C, Table I, p. XXX). Normally the chapter heading gives both the technical and popular name of a substance. The chapter itself contains a description of the substance, its virtues and properties, its gradus or degree of heat, cold, dryness, and moisture, as well as its medicinal use. Sometimes medicinal lore and superstition are interspersed, and classical or medieval authorities are often quoted or mentioned. The main text of the work is followed (1) by a list of drugs indexed according to their uses, (2) a part on "The Colors of Urines", (3) an index of the herbs and other substances contained in the book. The physician who compiled the herbal was probably Johann von Cube, who names himself in chapter 76 as "Meister Johan von Cube". He has been identified with Dr. Johann Wonnecke or Dronnecke of Caub or Cube on the Rhine; a town physician in Frankfurt am Main at the end of the 15th century (1484-1503). Eucharius Rosslin declares in his "Kreutterbuch" of 1533 that he based his work on his predecessor "Doctor Johan Cuba/ weiland Statartzt alhie zu Franckfurt", but that he removed a great deal of useless material added by Cube's successors 42 . The editions of the second group of the "Gart der Gesundheit" - group (b) deal with approximately the same number of plants as the editions in group (a). Group (b), moreover, includes separate treatises containing much information about animals and about precious stones and other mineral substances - information derived from the "Hortus Sanitatis". Before group (b) and Rosslin's editions of the "Kreutterbuch" belonging to it can be discussed, a short description of the "Hortus Sanitatis" is necessary. The "Hortus Sanitatis", which bears the title "Ortus Sanitatis" on the first leaf, has often been regarded as a Latin translation of the "Gart der Gesundheit". 41

42

Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70, discusses the editions of Rosslin's works in a chapter on the "Hortus Sanitatis" but without establishing that Rosslin's edition of 1533 belongs to the " G a r t der Gesundheit" series. Johann von Cube's authorship has been questioned, for instance by Choulant Incunabeln, p. 39. A l t h o u g h his connection with the w o r k cannot be definitely established, the fact that, only 50 years later, Rosslin attributes the herbal to Johann Cuba makes it quite probable that Johann von Cube played an important part in its compilation.

Rösslin's Kreutterbüch and its Relationship to other German Herbáis

19

It is, however, not only more complex because of added material, but also less original than the "Gart der Gesundheit", and it corresponds to the text of the " G a r t der Gesundheit" only to a small degree. The part that most closely follows the " G a r t der Gesundheit" is the Preface. It includes the story of how the originator of the book traveled to the Orient, collected medical curiosities, and took an artist along who provided an illustrated account of the journey. The Preface differs from that of the "Gart der Gesundheit" in the way it speaks of the author of the work. The author of the Preface is said to be identical with the author of the main body of the work; and a certain nobleman (nobilis quidam dominus) w h o travelled to the Orient is stated to be the originator who persuaded the author to write the book. In the Preface of the "Gart der Gesundheit" however, the author of the Preface is both the traveller a n d the originator of the book w h o caused a master learned in medicine to compile the work and who engaged a skillful artist to prepare the illustrations. The identity of the author is unknown. It is possible that Jacob Meydenbach, the printer, was also the editor of the book, with a doctor and woodcutters assisting 43 . At any rate, in the Epilogue Meydenbach claims for himself the credit of producing the herbal. The " H o r t u s Sanitatis" consists of the following parts: (1) Prohemium; (2) a treatise on herbs, in 530 chapters; (3) a treatise on land animals, in 164 chapters; (4) a treatise on birds, in 122 chapters; (5) a treatise on fishes, etc., in 106 chapters; (6) a treatise on stones and minerals, in 144 chapters; (7) a treatise on urines; a long therapeutical index of diseases, referring to each division of the book separately, an alphabetical index to each part, and an epilogue by the printer. As this outline shows, the book contains large sections which have no parallel in the "Gart der Gesundheit". It is also arranged in a more systematic way, namely, according to subject, and thus comes closer to a scientific classification. Each chapter contains an account of the substance, its synonyms, and - at times its geographical origin. The medicinal use is described in a separate section entitled "Operationes", which is subdivided into paragraphs designated by letters of the alphabet. Each chapter is illustrated with a woodcut. The woodcuts depicting birds and fishes often allude to mythology and ancient fables, whereas those for the stones are often little genre pictures, such as the one of a man extracting the stone called 'borax' from the head of a toad. Payne rightfully calls the "Hortus Sanitatis" a "delightful old medieval picturebook". The popularity and usefulness of the "Hortus Sanitatis" are attested to by the number of editions which followed. There was, however, no complete translation of the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" into German 4 4 . Only the part relating to animals and minerals was translated and combined with the "Gart der Gesundheit", so that the two together form a German "Hortus". These editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit", which were thus supplemented by a large amount of information taken from the " H o r t u s Sanitatis", may be called group (b) of the "Gart der 43 44

See Choulant Incunabeln, pp. 37-38. The only complete translation of the "Hortus Sanitatis" was into French, printed by A. Verard, in Paris, about 1500.

20

Introduction

Gesundheit" family. The distinctive composite character of group (b) is especially well illustrated by the edition of Johann Priiss, published in 1507/09 in Strassburg, since the treatise on herbs, containing nearly the same material as the original edition of group (a), was printed separately in 1507, whereas the parts discussing animals and minerals were published in 1509. There are four of these added treatises, one each on animals, birds, fishes, and stones. Johann Priiss based his German text, however, not on Meydenbach's original edition, but on his own reprints of Meydenbach's "Hortus Sanitatis", especially that of 1497 4 5 . The supplemental parts in group (b) are taken from the "Hortus Sanitatis". This is further documented by the fact that Johannes Grüninger, in his 1529 edition specifically states that his chapters on animals and stones were translated from Latin into German. Rösslin's editions published in 1535, 1536, 1538, 1540, and 1546 belong to group (b) of the "Gart der Gesundheit" 4 6 . As was mentioned above, Rösslin himself connects his work with the tradition of the "Gart der Gesundheit" when he says in the foreword to all his editions that he has, "den alten Herbarium, oder Kreutterbuch/ anfenglich vonn dem wolerfarnen Doctor Johan Cuba/ weiland Statartzt alhie zu Franckfurt zusamen getragen". The reference to Johan von Cuba, and hence to the "Gart der Gesundheit", is justified since Rösslin's editions, including that of 1533, contain nearly the same amount of material on plants as the original "Gart der Gesundheit". There are 350 chapters in the section on plants in the editions of 1535 through 1546, as compared with the 435 of the " G a r t der Gesundheit" - a difference of 85; 51 of these 85, however, deal with animals and mineral substances. They are included in the sections on animals and minerals respectively, in the editions of 1535 through 1546. Rösslin only omits a few chapters on plants that appear in the "Gart der Gesundheit", such as Orant, Sandalum/Sandelholtz, Sebesten/ein frucht, Soldanella, Sticados arabicum, and he adds three, Pfirsing (chapter C C X L I X ) , Rapuntzel (chapter C C L X X V I I ) , and Erenpreisz (chapter C C C X I ) . Furthermore, when comparing the chapters on plants in the "Gart der Gesundheit" with those in the "Kreutterbuch" it becomes evident that a very high proportion of these chapters deal with the same plants. With respect to number and kinds of stones in Rösslin's treatise on mineral substances it can be said, they are nearly the same as those included in at least one other early treatise of group (b), namely that of Priiss, 1509. In conclusion, it can be said that Rösslin's "Kreutterbuch" constitutes the final stage in the tradition of the "Gart der Gesundheit". The editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit" (I) and the "Hortus Sanitatis" (II) are listed in Appendix B, (pp. 335—336), together with bibliographical references. This list shows the position

45 46

See Klebs Catalogue, p. 33. Choulant Incunabeln, p. 70, asserts that Rösslin's Kräuterbuch scarcely belongs to the tradition of the " G a r t der Gesundheit". However, Choulant was only able to examine the edition of 1550, which was no longer edited by Rösslin, as is indicated by the large number of alterations in the text.

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin

21

of Rosslin's edition of 1533 at the end of group (la), and the position of his editions of 1535 to 1546 at the end of group (lb).

V. Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin in Preparation of the Enlarged Edition of 1535 After the publication of the first edition of his "Kreutterbüch" in 1533 and the resulting court trial, Rösslin could not have had more than a year and a half available for the preparation of the greatly enlarged edition of 1535. This must have required remarkable diligence and rapid work on his part in view of the extensive additions to the text. More than four times as many minerals and mineral products are, for example, dealt with here than in the 1533 edition. In addition, it is apparent that Rösslin not only increased the number of subjects he dealt with but also rearranged and rephrased the text. He borrowed additional material on mineral substances almost exclusively from the treatise on stones in Johann Priiss' work, published in Strassburg in 1509. The latter work is essentially a translation of the corresponding passages in the "Hortus Sanitatis". For a newly introduced stone not listed in his 1533 edition - in other words the final edition of the "Gart der Gesundheit" (Group a) - Rösslin selects suitable sentences, phrases, or even isolated words from the corresponding chapter in Priiss. This may be illustrated by the following comparison of the two texts on 'alabandina': Priiss, 1509, Von den Steinen, Chapter 3: Alabandina. ysido(rus). Alabandina der stein ist genant von dem land alanbanda in asia/ vnd ist ein gslecht des cristallin welches färb zücht vff granaten aber dinner. Arnoldus. Alabandina hat den schin der do rot clar ist als ein sardius. Sein würckung. Des tugend ist daz er den blütfluß bringt vnd meret. Vß dem steinbüch. Alabandina ist ein stein/ welchs schin ist nach uolgen dem sardin/ betrügt aber den guten fründt mit dem namen vß india. Rösslin, 1535, Edelgesteyn/ Ertz/ Metall/ Erden vnd Gummi, Chapter VI: Alabandina Ist ein geschlecht des Cristallin/ welches färb zeucht auff granaten/ aber dünner/ hat den schein der da rot ist als ein sardius. Des tugent ist das er den blütfluß bringet vnd meret. It is evident that Rösslin's text consists of the phrases here shown in italics from the Priiss text of 1509, the only difference being orthographic changes. When discussing a stone already included in the 1533 edition, Rösslin combines certain material from his earlier edition with selections from Priiss. The following analysis of the immediate sources for the body of the 1535 text on 'antimonium' illustrates this.

22

Introduction

Lines by number in Rösslin's text of 1535 3-7

8-40

41-56

Lines by number from the sources: a. Prüss, 1509 4-7 9-10 18-19 none

21-27 43-49 51-54

b. Rösslin 1533 none

20-62

64-65 69-71 none

These statistics might seem to indicate that Rösslin's 1535 text is nothing more than a compilation of verbatim excerpts selected from his sources and mechanically assembled without discrimination or criticism. Certainly, the "Kreutterbüch" is not an original work; but this is to be expected, for the medical and pharmaceutical works of the period are commonly composed of material taken from recognized ancient and medieval authorities. Rösslin's contribution does not so much lie in the body of knowledge he presents as in his method of treating that material. This method evolves from the very specific purpose and intention in writing his herbal. Whereas, the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and, to a considerable degree, Prüss' "Gart der Gesundheit" are mainly intended for scholars and members of the learned professions, Rösslin's 1535 edition appears consciously designed for a wider public. This public would certainly have included the educated members of the growing middle class, particularly those in the smaller towns and in the countryside. Indeed, Rösslin clearly states in his foreword that his herbal is written for "den gemeynen man". In other words, this new edition is not designed as a textbook for professionals, nor as a handbook in the apothecary shop, but rather as a book of information and instruction for the layman. H o w then does Rösslin's intention to popularize medical knowledge affect the content and style of his treatise on minerals? When we compare the treatise on minerals in the "Kreutterbüch" with the corresponding texts of its predecessors, it immediately becomes evident that Rösslin eliminates some of the superfluous erudition of his sources. Thus, wherever possible, Rösslin heads his chapters with the German name of a given mineral substance, adding the Latin equivalent, whereas the Latin term always takes precedence in his sources. Even in Rösslin's text, however, the alphabetical listing is arranged according to the alphabetical sequence of the Latin names. Greek and Arabic equivalents of Latin mineral names listed in Rösslin's sources are almost always omitted in the "Kreutterbüch", as for example, in the following statement by Prüss in his chapter on the ruby (108), "der rotstein oder Rubin ist minder vnd kleiner dann der iacinct/ vnd heißt in arabisch hager albigedi",

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin

23

which R ö s s l i n reduces to "ein rubin stein ist minder vnd kleyner dann der J a c i n c t " , thus omitting entirely the last phrase. O n l y in the chapter on Bezaar d o e s R ö s s l i n repeat the equivalent Arabic names listed by Priiss. Similarly, he leaves o u t etymological explanations for mineral names such as the one given by Priiss in his chapter on Crisoprassus (Stein. 37) " c r i s o heißt zu kriechisch gold vnd prassius grien als der lauch". In order to m a k e his work more practical and less cumbersome for the c o m m o n m a n , Rösslin does not refer to any of the authorities mentioned in the " G a r t der G e s u n d h e i t " and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". In doing so, he is also free to omit quotations f r o m several authorities which frequently repeat similar material obtained f r o m a c o m m o n source, or, occasionally hold diverse opinions. Rösslin usually selects f r o m the versions of given authorities the one that expresses the subject m o s t concisely and comprehensively. H e makes an attempt to transform the material into a systematic whole and to gain a clarity and logical arrangement of content lacking in previous works of a similar type. H e thus directs the reader's attention to the essential subject matter. Rösslin's method of omitting all reference to authorities furthermore results in greater simplicity of expression and effectiveness of style. This is achieved by using the direct discourse, instead of the indirect and the subjunctive, as the following quotes from the passage on Antim o n i u m (15) may illustrate. Priiss says in this chapter, " V n d sprichet auch daz a n t i m o n i u m beneme d a z vberfltissig fleysch daz d o wechset in einer wunde . . . vnd reynige d y e w u n d e n " ; whereas Rösslin is able to convey the same information in direct and concise language, "spießglaß . . . benimpt das überflüssig fleysch . . . reyniget die w u n d e n " . Rösslin thus appears to compose, not compile his chapters. T h e m o d e r n reader should bear in mind that verbatim quotations without naming the source w a s at that time not considered plagiarism; nor does the failure to mention his sources b y any means remove Rösslin's strong reliance on authorities. T h e greater freedom f r o m erudite tradition is also manifest when Rösslin translates Latin technical names and phrases that occur in his sources, including his o w n 1533 edition. T h u s the term 'collirium' (chapter Antimonium, Rösslin 1533) is changed to 'augenwasser' in the 1535 text. Again, in the chapter Bolus A r m e n u s (Rösslin, 1533) where the stone is said to be good for "splenecticis colericis s t o m a t i c i s " , Rösslin substitutes " d e n miltzsuchtigen/lebersuchtigen/ vnd die einen bösen magen h a b e n " in the 1535 edition. N o r d o e s Rösslin retain other information that is of interest only to professionals in the healing arts. F o r example, there is a detailed recipe for a pharmaceutical preparation, occupying nearly seven printed lines in the chapter on A r m e n u s (14) in the Prüss edition. This is not included by Rösslin even though Priiss is his sole source of information. Both general and specific localities for minerals are named in the sources, but as a rule Rösslin mentions only general regions and not specific localities. F o r example, in his chapter on Saphirus, Priiss says that these stones " k o m e n t von orient vnd indien. E r würt auch funden in y p i d o m i o b y der stat p o d i u m im selben land gelegen", whereas Rösslin states s i m p l y that it " k o m t von orient vnd J n d i e n " .

24

Introduction W i t h the general public in mind, Rösslin also seems to change his attitude

t o w a r d classical m y t h o l o g y . T h u s , when Prüss (Stein. 6) tells the story o f h o w M i l o o f C r o t o n (6th century B . C . ) became invincible due to the use of the stone ' A l l e c t o r i u s ' , R ö s s l i n merely says that the stone confers invincibility. D e s p i t e Rösslin's effort to popularize, he does not lower his treatise to the level o f f o l k remedy tracts. T h u s , he is restrained in his treatment of some o f the magical properties o f certain stones, which n ö doubt were o f popular appeal, and f r e q u e n t l y described in his sources. Prüss, for instance, in his chapter on Aquileus (Stein. 10) has a brief account, derived indirectly from Albertus, of eagles collecting this stone and carrying it to their nests, since n o young could be brought forth w i t h o u t the presence o f this so-called eaglestone. Rösslin does not relate this s t o r y . It is, however, characteristic for Rösslin, as well as for his time, that he c a n n o t entirely free himself f r o m superstitious beliefs. Although he omits the fanciful s t o r y , he does not fail to mention the stone's magic power, i. e., its effectiveness in assisting in childbirth. O t h e r passages also illustrate this close c o n n e c t i o n between magic and science. Rösslin in his chapter on Trachenstein tells o f the stone being b r o k e n out o f the head o f a living dragon, an event which Prüss (Stein. 4 8 ) claims to have witnessed himself and which he reports with obvious delight. R ö s s l i n wisely omits this. Prüss' story reads like this: " A b e r ich hab in tütschen landen in swaben gesehen ein stein / über den mer dann xx. schlangen komen w o r e n t / z w u s c h e n den bergen vff einer matten / vnd do der landßher daruon gienge / da schlügen seine knecht die schlangen in vil s t u c k / aber am boden lag ein grosser schlang der wart in vil stuck zerhawen vnder des kopff funden wir ein swartzen stein f o r m i e r t als ein spitz dry eckig d i n g / nit durchsichtig/ vnd sunst allenthalben b l e i c h f a r / hat in m e r gar ein schöne figur einer schlangen s t o n / vnd der stein wart m i r vofi der frawen des selben edlen herren gegeben vnd b r a c h t / mit sampt der schlangen k o p f f " . H o w e v e r , Rösslin in his chapter on Corallen indicates that he still adheres to some belief in the magical power of stones. Rösslin accepts the n o t i o n , w h i c h is stated in Prüss (Stein. 4 2 ) , that crushed coral should be scattered in fields t o prevent bad weather and that coral is valuable against evil spirits. N e v e r t h e l e s s , he modifies his source. In reference to the use of a drink made from c o r a l and b u r n t hartshorn, Rösslin's source, the " G a r t der G e s u n d h e i t " (Gart l a [ G r ü n i n g e r , Straßburg 1 4 8 5 / 8 6 ] 130) says " v n d sunderlich benympt diser tranck die bösen d r e y m e " , whereas Rösslin states " v n n d sunderlich nimpt diser tranck die b ö s e n w ü r m " . It seems m o r e probable that the change from 'dreyme' to ' w ü r m ' ( ' d r e a m s ' to 'worms') was deliberate rather than the result o f a misreading; and there can be n o doubt about Rösslin's omission o f the allusion to the devil w h i c h o c c u r s in Prüss and the G a r t . Rösslin also suppresses Prüss' statement in t h e same chapter. " E r ist auch grusam den tüffeln vnd das villeicht d a r u m b / dann z u m dickernmal h o n d seine öst vnd zincken daz zeichen eins c r ü t z e s " . Although h e o m i t s the passage concerning the influence o f the devil, he accepts the notion o f evil spirits. " V n d wider die bösen gespenst an den hals gehenckt" becomes the final sentence in Rösslin's chapter on coral. H e r e , as in other places in Rösslin's w o r k w e e n c o u n t e r relics o f occult medicine, which relates diseases with the

25

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rosslin

supernatural, with d e m o n s and evil spirits, but nowhere does Rosslin stress the supernatural. Rosslin's emphasis remains on scientific information about stones. M u c h of what n o w strikes us as unscientific in Rosslin's text in general is rooted in the assumption that G o d endowed the universe with forces serving m a n s ' s welfare. Rosslin says in his Preface that everything created is given to man " z u aller noturfft seins leibs vnaufisprechliche hiilff vnd rath" and is " m i t naturlichenn krefften vnd wirckungen b e g a b t " . The inward quality of a thing can, according to medieval belief, be recognized by its appearance, by its outward sign. Red stones such as Carnelian and Hematite stop hemorrhage, or else induce it, as for instance A l m a n d i n e . Galactite (milk stone) increases the flow of milk in a nursing m o t h e r and induces milk in sheep. T h e yellow-colored Ligurius says Rosslin "bringt wider die farb den gelsiichtigen im angesicht", liver-colored M o g r a is given to people with a liver ailment and the fire-colored Peridonius burns one's hands when held. T h u s , the therapeutic effect is established b y way of analogy between the color of a stone and the quality of a given disease. F o r m and shape of a mineral are also an indication of its virtue. Eaglestone, for instance, helps in giving birth, since it contains a small stone in its interior similar to a mother carrying her child. Even the origin of a stone can be indicative of its healing power. Alectorius, for instance, g r o w i n g in the liver of a capon, causes a capon to stop drinking; it is accordingly able to quench thirst when placed under the tongue. The stone H i e n a e n d o w s man with the faculty of prophesy, since it is said to grow in the eyes of the hyena. T h e belief that G o d has provided man with remedies in every plant, r o o t , and stone goes back to the beginning of the Middle Ages and is incorp o r a t e d in the writings of Isidore of Seville, Marbode, Avicenna, Albertus Magnus, B a r t h o l o m e w and others, and is handed down no the 16th century. Isidore and especially M a r b o d e give an account of the virtues assigned to stones in earlier lapidaries, and the main stream of the medieval tradition of the virtues of stone is based on their writings. This medieval speculative theory of the virtues of stones is amalgamated with ancient philosophical ideas descended from the scientific lapidaries of T h e o p h r a s t u s , D i o s c o r i d e s , and Pliny. T h e ancient belief in the medicinal virtues of stones is based mainly on the system of the four elements, the action of heat and cold u p o n the watery and earthy elements. Rosslin still considers the distinguishing qualities of stones in the light of this philosophical scheme of the f o u r elements. H o w e v e r , he does this only occasionally, and then only when the " G a r t der G e s u n d h e i t " alludes to it. Rosslin's text gives the impression that this old f r a m e w o r k of thought is breaking down and is no longer of real consequence. H i s almost total disregard of the alchemistic elements in the treatise on stones is in agreement with the scientific and practical purpose of the

"Kreutterbuch",

stressing the therapeutic properties of substances. O n l y in the chapter on R6telsteyn d o e s Rosslin mention ' A u r u m uitae' as a remedy against leprosy, adding " w e l c h e s gold die Alkumisten wol wissen zemachen". J u s t as m o s t of the substantive changes in Rosslin's treatise are due to eliminating

unnecessary

or unwanted detail,

so too are stylistic

alterations

basically the result of omitting the superfluous and of condensing. Rosslin uses

26

Introduction

virgules instead of conjunctions, aims at compact sentence structure and a concise way of expression. This procedure may be illustrated by comparing a typical sentence in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" (chapter 76: Bolus armenus) with the one in Rösslin's 1535 text ( X X V I I : Rötelsteyn). That of the " G a r t der Gesundheit" (Grüninger, Straßburg 1485/86) reads thus: "Item er spricht auch sey es sach das dem nit geholffen werde von disen obgeschryben kranckeyten der den bolum also nützet als obgeschriben stet dem hylfft selten ein ander artzney oder nümer kein ander vßgenommen eyn golt des lebens genant aurum vite mit seynem züsatz genützt ist an zwyfel ein gewisse artzny manig mal versucht an vil enden von mir meyster J o h a n von C u b e " . But Rösslin says: " S o etwan Bolus armenus für die pestilentz nit helffen würde / wie obstet / so ist ein gold des lebens/ genant Aurum uitae, mitt seinem züsatz genützet / on zweifei ein gewiß artznei/ dickmal versucht an vil enden/ welches golt die Alkumisten wol wissen zemachen". Often Rösslin's changes consist only of minor corrections, but these too show his skill as an editor, as may be seen in a sentence on Cristallus. The text in Priiss reads " s o man in stoßt vnd honig vermischet/ vnd das ein frawen in gibt/ so fült er ir die brüst vol milch", whereas Rösslin says 'mit honig' and corrects 'er' to 'es', thus referring to the mixtture of honey and crushed stone, rather than to the stone alone: " s o man jn stoßt vnd mit honig vermischet/ vnd das einer frawen inngibt/ so füllet es jr die brüst voll milch". When we judge Rösslin's ability as editor of the treatise on minerals, we must also consider some of his shortcomings. Although the passages selected from the " G a r t der Gesundheit" and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" are, in general, skillfully joined, careless and mechanical compilations from these sources sometimes occur. In the chapter on Rötelsteyn, for instance, Rösslin simply adds a few sentences f r o m Priiss (Stein. 26) to those taken from the " G a r t der Gesundheit" (76: Bolus armenus lines 49-58) even though they do not contribute any new information. Similarly, unnecessary repetitions occur in the chapter on gold which recommends this metal twice as a remedy for palpitation of the heart, twice for stengthening the heart, and twice as a remedy for leprosy. There are even two separate chapters on g y p s u m , both constructed from the text of Priiss. A striking example of confusion appears in the chapter on Marcasit and Magnesia where Rösslin runs together fragments of source material relating to each of these minerals, thus giving the impression of writing about a single mineral, whereas the chapter actually deals with two entirely different species. Similarly, Rösslin's editing incorrectly combines information on the stones Exacolitus and Exebenos. Priiss (Stein. 52) reads correctly, "Exacolitus ist ein gemengter stein den mag man zerlassen/ als die weisen artzet sagen. Dias(corides). Exebenos ist ein wisser stein vnd schön mit dem die gold schmid pflegen daz gold zeriben/ vnd schön luter zu machen"; Rösslin, however, omits the name Exebenos and some descriptive material and says, "Exacolitus ist einn weisser stein/ vnnd schön mit dem die goldschmid pflegen das gold zereiben/ vnd schön lauter zumachen". Perhaps these mistakes are not entirely due to the careless combination of source material, but also to Rösslin's lack of sufficient knowledge of minerals.

27

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rosslin

There are other places where excessive condensing of source material obscures the meaning of the text. When Rosslin, for example, takes the following sentence from Priiss (Stein. 16, Atramentum) "Atramentum ist ein wasser vnd ferbung daz des ertrichs diirre druckenheit hatt machen gerynnen/ vnnd hert werden" and reduces it to "Atramentum ist ein wasser vnnd ferbung des erdtrichs diirre druckenheit", he loses the sense of the original sentence. A passage like that leaves one with the impression that some editorial changes were made to save space and cut down on expenses. There are various indications that Rosslin was a hurried editor, who lacked sufficient time for the preparation of an unusually large book. A number of inconsistencies point to this. Thus, in the chapters Wetzsteyn, Bezaar and Schwalbensteyn Rosslin fails to eliminate references to authorities. N o w and then, information that is little suited to the lay reader is retained. Expressions like 'diafiniconis', 'diachartami', 'electuarium de succo rosarum', 'gummi albotin' in the chapter on Sulfur could have been properly understood only by an apothecary or physician. T h e same is true for a recipe to treat leprosy in the chapter on Gold, which recommends that a patient take grated gold along with a preparation called 'hieralogodium'. This would not have been of much help to the layman. Although it is conceivable that an ordinary person might have made grated gold, he would have had difficulty in obtaining 'hieralogodium', which was a very complex mixture of drugs. Only a trained apothecary could have combined the necessary drugs properly. Moreover, it seems very unwise to recommend the use of 'hieralogodium' to a lay person without the supervision of a physician because this preparation contains a variety of dangerous ingredients. Occasionally, Rosslin even misreads his source. In the chapter on Peridonius the word 'glid sucht' (arthritis) occuring in line 5 of the Priiss account (Stein. 99), Rosslin renders as 'geelsucht' (jaundice).

That the reading in Priiss is the correct one is shown not

only by the context but by the Latin 'arteticam' in the corresponding place in chapter 99 of the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Rosslin was, nevertheless, an understanding editor in spite of these defects of his treatise on minerals, as can be shown by referring to some of his own contributions to the text. In the chapter on Blutstein Rosslin ( L I : Emathites) adds some information pertaining to the color of the stone which is neither in Priiss nor in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" (173: Ematites blut steyn). Rosslin says: "Diser steyn ist an der farbe gleich dem Jaspis" and he may have had in mind red jasper. In the same

chapter

Rosslin

makes

a

slight

change

with

respect

to

a

recipe,

recommending 'honigwasser' instead of 'rosenwasser' as in Priiss. He says: " W e l c h e r blut speiet/ der nem dises steyns puluer gemischt mit honig wasser/ vnd dar zu gummi

arabicum/ vnd draui? pillulen gemacht".

Rosslin's

personal

experience becomes evident in his chapter on Weinsteyn. Here we have a situation where the source (Priiss, Stein. 129) is totally rephrased. Whereas Priiss refers to Bartholomew, saying "Tartarus sey die triisen des wins / die do an dem vafi hert werden wie erd oder ein weicher steyn", Rosslin obviously speaks on the basis of his own observation "Weinsteyn wechfiet inn weinfassen/ darinn starcke wein 5

Rosslin: O n Minerals

28

Introduction

lang ligen/ so mann den Wein außthüt/ samlet mann diß an den tauben vnd bödemen". The "Gart der Gesundheit" (406: Tartarus) does not contain this passage at all. That Rösslin is attempting to take his own position and find his own formulation is also evident in the chapter on Kalck. Whereas the "Gart der Gesundheit" (136: Calx), which seems to have served as main source for this chapter, relates of different and partly obsolete ways to obtain 'kalck' (from 'merstein', 'gemein steyn', 'marmeln steyn', 'eyerschalen') Rösslin gives a brief factual statement, "Kalck würt gebrennt auß steynen/ so er frisch auß dem Kalckofen gehet/ zündet er sich mit wasser an". Another remarkable example of an addition by Rösslin occurs in the chapter on Salarmoniac. The following passage is not in Prüss, the "Gart der Gesundheit", Rösslin's own 1533 edition, or Beck's text (Gart I b [Beck, Straßburg 1515; 1520; 1527; 1528; 1529; 1530]): "Sal armoniac durch ein glisin helm distilliert/ das selbig wasser mit einem federlin vff die schwartzen zeen gestrichen machet die hübsch vnd weiß. Salmiax in brunnwasser zerlassen / des ein tropffen gelassen in die oren / darin ein 6rlin oder oritzel/ oder andere würm weren/ t6dtet die das manns mit einem ohr griffel herausser mag thün". Various minor additions are indicated in the Apparatus accompanying the German text and discussed in the Commentary. In spite of such an occasional desire to furnish insights of his own,' Rösslin's treatise is in general not based on first-hand knowledge, and it is doubtful that Rösslin ever saw some of the minerals he writes about. Rösslin makes no attempt to arrange or classify mineral substances on any scientific basis. His only form of classification is the alphabetical listing of these substances in accordance with their Latin names. N o r does Rösslin describe mineral substances in a systematic way; he merely mentions at random their most obvious physical characteristics. Their color is almost always stated, as well as their luster or lack of it, their hardness or softness, and their apparent lightness or heaviness. The author refers to size when this is significant, but rarely says anything about crystalline form. Since he very often mentions only two or three such characteristics in his descriptions of individual minerals, their identification in terms of modern mineral species is sometimes difficult. Additional information contained in Rösslin's sources is, however, frequently very helpful in identifying the minerals he describes. In summary it can be said that the chapters on precious stones, metals, rocks, earths, salts, and other inorganic substances contained in Rösslin's enlarged herbal constitute a treatise on the mineral "kingdom". With some exceptions, as we have pointed out previously, Rösslin's work is medieval in form and spirit, in spite of the fact that it was published in the second quarter of the 16th century. The year of its last appearance in its original form, 1546, is of special significance in the history of mineralogy. It was in this year that Georg Agricola published his famous " D e Natura Fossilium", a work that is generally regarded as marking the advent of modern mineralogy. Rösslin's treatise on mineral substances therefore represents the final stage in the long history of medieval mineralogy. O n e of the several ways in which Rösslin differs from Agricola in viewpoint is Rösslin's emphasis on the therapeutic applications of mineral substances, on

29

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rôsslin

what may be called lithotherapy. On the basis of our line count about 60% of Rosslin's chapters deal with such applications as contrasted to only about 4 % in Agricola's treatise. The disorders and diseases most frequently mentioned by Rosslin as amenable to treatment with minerals and their derived products are listed in the following table. Category Superficial Skin Lesions Mental Disorders Eye Disorders and Diseases Hemorrhage Abscesses, Cancers, Fistulas, Ulcers Stomach and Intestinal Disorders Female Troubles Wounds Arthritis and Gout Poisoning Ear Troubles Heart Disorders and Diseases Any Other

No. of Times Mentioned 44 37 36 32 30 25 17 16 9 8 7 6 5 or less

The frequency figures in this table show the number of times a given kind of disorder or disease is mentioned in the text. However, these figures obscure the sharp differences between the therapeutic applications of precious or semiprecious stones and those of the other mineral substances. As is apparent from the table below, these stones were frequently used only for the treatment of a few categories of disorders and diseases, with mental disorders leading the list. Category Mental Disorders Eye Disorders and Diseases Stomach and Intestinal Disorders Female Troubles Hemorrhage Poisoning Any Other

No. of Times Recommended 30 20 16 14 8 6 5 or less

Although precious and semiprecious stones, because of their chemical inertness, can have no real physical effect in the treatment of any disorder or disease, their use in the treatment of such mental disorders as abnormal fear, hallucination, and depression could have been beneficial for psychological reasons, particularly when patients had a firm faith in the efficacy of the treatment. It is even possible 5 :: "

30

Introduction

that the frequent use of precious and semiprecious stones for the treatment of eye disorders and diseases may have had some logical explanation. Since such stones are pleasing to look at it seems reasonable to suppose that they can benefit the eyes. Furthermore, the ability of a person to see the fine details of objects viewed through convex transparent stones may easily have led to the belief that they improved the eyes themselves, even though they only improved vision because of light refraction. Apart from imagination, there seems to be no basis for the frequent use of precious and semiprecious stones in the treatment of other kinds of bodily ills listed in the preceding table (p. 29). The frequency figures in the following table show how different were the kinds of disorders and diseases most frequently treated with minerals or mineral products other than precious and semiprecious stones. Category Superficial Skin Lesions Abscesses, Cancers, Fistulas, Ulcers Hemorrhage Eye Disorders and Diseases Wounds Stomach and Intestinal Disorders Mental Disorders Arthritis and Gout Any Other

No. of Times Recommended 41 27 24 16 14 9 7 6 5 or less

Here, superficial skin lesions head the list, followed by deep lesions and hemorrhage. These conditions are clearly among those that will not respond to treatment by psychological means but require some active therapeutic agent to produce visible improvement or cure. The only large category common to the tables on p. 29 and p. 30 is eye disorders and diseases. This is probably not only an indication of the prevalence of eye troubles of various sorts in late medieval times, but of the attempts to remedy them by all possible means. Some 22 different mineral substances of all kinds are recommended in the text for the treatment of disorders and diseases of the eyes. From the next table it will be seen that a number of different mineral substances were used for the treatment of the disorders or diseases of each of the important categories, 15 for example being advocated for the treatment of superficial skin lesions. Only a very few of these substances, such as sulphur, are really effective and safe for this particular purpose. Others, such as glass, are clearly worthless. The same applies in various degrees to the substances listed for the other categories. This table also shows that the same mineral substance was often used for more than one category of disease. Alum, for example, appears as a remedy for all five categories, and Armenian bole, lime, and verdigris for all but one.

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Ròsslin

Category Superficial Skin Lesions

31

Minerals or mineral Products A l u m , Armenian Bole, Atramentum, Brick-Tile, Glass, Iscultos, Lime, Litharge, Natron, Orpiment-Realgar, Sal Ammoniac, Salt, Sulp h u r , Tartar, Verdigris, White Lead

Abscesses, Cancers, Fistulas, Ulcers

Alum, Armenian Bole, Asian Stone, Atram e n t u m , Brick-Tile, Burnt Copper, Lime, Pumice, Salt, Terra Sigillata, Verdigris

Hemorrhage

A l u m , Armenian Bole, Ash, Atramentum, Clay, G y p s u m , Hematite, Lime, Red Ochre, Stibnite, Terra Sigillata, Vitriol

E y e D i s o r d e r s and Diseases

Alum, G y p s u m , Iscultos, Petroleum, Pumice, Sal Ammoniac, Salt, Stibnite, Verdigris, White Lead

Wounds

Alum, Armenian Bole, O c h r e , Tartar, Terra Vitriol, White Lead

Lime, Pumice, Red Sigillata, Verdigris,

In view of the sources of the text, Rosslin's chapters on minerals probably represent fairly well the lithotherapy of the late medieval period. Whether Rosslin, himself, believed in and practiced this kind of therapy cannot be k n o w n , but he certainly r e c o m m e n d e d it to others by means of a work to which he attached his name. A large p r o p o r t i o n of the chapters in Rosslin's treatise deal with substances that were called " s t o n e s " in the 16th century and are now classified as minerals or mineral products. Even though a few of his so-called "stones", namely, belliculi marini, coral, and tartar are not minerals in the modern sense, the chapters on these substances are included in this study because they were so clearly classified as " s t o n e s " in Rosslin's day. N o doubt arose about the exclusion of the few chapters on substances of recent animal and plant origin that are intermingled with his chapters on " s t o n e s " . Finally, a word should be said about the sources of Rosslin's text. Since his edition of 1535 does not mention authorities 4 7 , it became necessary to base our study of sources on the corresponding passages in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the text of Priiss, 1509, f o r the latter two works cite many authorities. It should be noted that this text of Priiss is a close translation of passages selected f r o m the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". 47

Exceptions are: Bezaar (Serapio in buch aggrega. cap. Hagerbezaar; Rasis); Schwalbensteyn (Albertus; Euax); Wetzsteyn (Dioscorides); occasionally a general " m a n spricht" occurs (Alabastrites) or a "sprechen die alten weisen" (Amethist).

32

Introduction

N o manuscript has been found that can be considered the immediate source of the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" or the "Gart der Gesundheit". Klebs 48 concludes that " t h e printed Hortus books are of purely autochthonous origin, i. e., the text collected, the pictures drawn and cut right there and then, in or near the printing-office". Fritz Hommel 4 9 agrees with Klebs that no single source exists, but that the material was collected instead from various texts. Fritz Hommel and Julius Schuster 50 give an account of the sources as they are mentioned in the " H e r b a r i u s " (1484), the "Gart der Gesundheit" (1485) and the "Hortus Sanitatis" (1491). Schuster 50 goes beyond Hommel to the extent that he establishes the following main sources: for the "Herbarius" it is the "Circa instans" and the "Pandecta" of Matthaeus Silvaticus; for the "Gart der Gesundheit" it is the "Circa instans", Vincent of Beauvais ("Speculum naturale") and Matthaeus Silvaticus; for the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" it is the "Speculum naturale" of Vincent of Beauvais and the "Pandecta" of Matthaeus Silvaticus 50 . The investigations by H o m m e l and Schuster, however, are based only on the chapters on plants, and no corresponding study of the sources has so far been made for the chapters on minerals, which form a separate appendix in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and a separate section later in the texts of Priiss and Rosslin. We therefore investigated the authorities quoted in these chapters on minerals to determine not only the immediate source or sources of the information they contain. The following is an alphabetical listing of direct or indirect authorities mentioned in these chapters, each with an identification of the authority and a frequency count for both the "Hortus Sanitatis" and Priiss. Aben mesuay: Identification uncertain; probably Abu Musa Gabir ibn Haiyan, who lived at the end of the 8th century in Cordova and seems to have been Greek by birth, although he wrote in Arabic (cf. Sezgin, vol. 4, pp. 132-269). It might perhaps also be possible that Aben mesuay is Abu Zakariya' Yuhanna ibn Masawaih, whose Latin name was Mesue Maior, or Mesue the Elder. He was a Christian physician writing in Syriac and Arabic in Bagdad and who died in 857 A. D. See Sarton, vol. 1, pp. 532-533, 574; Ullmann Medizin, pp. 112-115; Sezgin, vol. 3, pp. 231-236. Aben mesuay is only mentioned in the chapter on Vitrum. vfi der ler aben mesuay: 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis" (auctoritate Aben mesuay). Actor: Actor is a misprint for Auctor as used by Vincent of Beauvais when he writes on his own authority. Cited as "Actor": 8 entries, Priiss; 8 entries "Hortus Sanitatis". 48 49 50 50

Klebs Herbals, p. 56. Hommel, pp. 72-79. Cf. Schuster, pp. 203-237. Cf. also Bessler Hortus-Manuskript, p. 266 and the table next to it.

33

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin Albertus:

T h i s is Albertus M a g n u s whose " D e mineralibus" (especially 2 , 2) is a major s o u r c e o f information for the accounts of stones contained in Priiss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". H i s apocryphal " D e mirabilibus m u n d i " is only a very m i n o r source o f such information. F o r editions of his works see the Bibliography. Q u o t e d b y name o n l y : 68 entries, Priiss; 68 entries, " H o r t u s

Sanitatis".

A l b e r t u s in seinem buch (steinbuch): 10 entries, Priiss. A l b e r t u s in lapidario suo: 12 entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". A l b e r t u s in den wondlichen dingen spricht: 1 entry, Priiss; A l b e r t u s in mirabilis dicit: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". A l b e r t u s vnd y s i d o r : 1 entry, Priiss; A l b e r t u s et y s i d o r : corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Alcanzi (Ascanij): Identification uncertain, but ' A l c a n z i ' is perhaps a corrupt form o f al-Qäsim ibn Salläm (died 8 3 9 ) w h o m Steinschneider, p. 4 8 , mentions as the author o f a " B o o k of Stones". Serapion spricht auch vß der lere ascanij: 1 entry, Prüss (Terra sigillata, Stein. 1 3 0 ) ; E t idem Serapion Alcanzi: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". C o r r e s ponding

entry

in Matthaeus

Silvaticus

(pand.

6 8 1 ) : Serapion

auctoritate

Alcanzi. Serapion auctoritate A l c a n z i : " H o r t u s Sanitatis" (Litargirium, lap. 83); Prüss m e n t i o n s o n l y Serapion. Corresponding entry in Matthaeus Silvaticus (pand. 5 3 1 ) : Serapion auctoritate alcanzi. A l c h i m i s t a , alchimie, alchimy: T h e s e are a n o n y m o u s citations o f teachings of the alchemists. A l c h i m i s t a : 2 entries each in Priiss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". vß der lere der a l c h i m y : 1 entry, Prüss. ex doctrina alchimie: 1 entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Aichindus: T h i s is A b ü Y ü s u f Y a ' q ü b ibn Ishäq ibn al-Sabbäh al-Kindl, latinized Alkindus, A i c h i n d u s . H e is an encyclopedic Arabic scientist (died after 870) and wrote

m a n y medical treatises

(cf. Ulimann

Medizin, pp.

123,

301-302;

Sezgin, vol. 3 , pp. 2 4 4 - 2 4 7 ) . O n l y one is k n o w n in Western Europe because it was appended to Mesue's w o r k s : " L i b e r de medicamentis c o m p o s i t i s " . T h e r e is a 16th century edition entitled: " D e medicinarum compositarum gradibus investigandis libellus" (Straßburg, 1531). See Choulant Bücherkunde, p p . 3 3 6 - 3 3 7 ; Sarton, vol. 1, pp. 5 5 9 - 5 6 0 . According to Steinschneider, p. 4 8 , he also w r o t e t w o treatises on precious stones. T h e name is o n l y mentioned o n c e in Prüss and in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" (lap. 14: A r m e n u s ) .

34

Introduction

Prüss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" also make one reference each to Lachindus (lap. 40: Cinnabar): Idem auctoritate Lachindi. This is an error and should be Alchindus, as the corresponding chapter in Matthaeus Silvaticus (pand. 163) shows. Alexander: Alexander Trallianus. Famous Byzantine physician who settled in Rome, died 605 A. D. His main work is a general treatise on pathology and therapeutics in 12 books. For editions see the Bibliography. Quoted by name three times in Prüss and in the "Hortus Sanitatis". Almansor: This is the name of a work by ar-Rází. In Arabic it is usually entitled "Kitáb al-Mansürí" and in Latin "Liber medicinalis ad Almansorem". Cf. Ullmann Medizin, p. 132; Sezgin, vol. 3, pp. 281-283. Cited as 'Almansor': 1 entry each in Prüss and the "Hortus Sanitatis". Cited as 'Rasis in Almansore': 2 entries each in Priiss and the "Hortus Sanitatis". Aluredus: This authority could not be identified. It is mentioned in Vincent of Beauvais (nat. 8,51 De carbunculo: Et dicit Aluredus) and 'Philosophus' is cited as the source. The same passage occurs in the "Hortus Sanitatis" (lap. 29), but Priiss (Stein. 29) mentions Aluredus without citing 'Philosophus'. See below for identity of 'Philosophus'. Aristotle: Where this ancient Greek philosopher is cited by name only in Prüss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis", the quoted material is not from any of his genuine works but from the so-called "Lapidary of Aristotle"; this work is of Arabic origin. Cf. Sezgin, vol. 4, p. 103; Ullmann Naturwissenschaften, pp. 105-110. The work cited as 'libri metheororum', 'libro iiii metheororum', 'libri iiii', etc., is a medieval Latin version of the Greek 'Meteorologica' of Aristotle. The material quoted from 'Aristóteles in libro de animalibus' must come from a medieval Latin translation of his treatises on animals. For editions see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 13 entries, Prüss; 12 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Aristóteles liber III: 1 entry, Priiss; Aristotiles libro tertio: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Aristóteles in libro metheororum III: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". als geschriben stat im vierden buch metheororum: 1 entry, Priiss; sicut enim dicitur libro quarto metheororum: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". vfi dem vierden büch metheororum: 1 entry, Priiss; Ex libro iiii metheororum: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Item im vierden büch: 1 entry, Priiss;

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin

35

Idem in libro iiii: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Aristoteles im thier buch: 2 entries, Priiss; Aristoteles in libro de animalibus: 2 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Arnoldus: This is Arnoldus Saxo, one of the important sources for the accounts of stones contained in Priiss and the "Hortus Sanitatis". All quotations are from the third part of his "De finibus rerum naturalium" entitled "De virtutibus lapidum", but they all come indirectly through the "Speculum naturale" of Vincent of Beauvais. For editions see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 32 entries, Priiss; 33 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Athabaris, Atabaris: 'Atabari' is Abu 1-Hasan 'All ibn Sahl Rabban at-Tabari. His main work is the "Paradise of Wisdom" (completed 850). He was a Muslim physician, son of a Persian Jew and became the teacher of ar-RäzI in medicine. The "Paradise of Wisdom" has not been published. At-Tabari was dealing chiefly with medicine, but also with philosophy, meteorology, zoology, embryology, psychology, astronomy. His knowledge is based on Greek and Hindu sources. Cf. Ullmann Medizin, pp. 119-122; Sezgin, vol. 3, pp. 236-240. Vnd (als athabaris lernet): 1 entry, Priiss (Stein. 77, Margarite); et idem auctoritate Athabari: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". das sagt auch Atabaris in seinem steinbüch: 1 entry, Priiss (Stein. 79, Magnesia); dicit Atabari in lapidario suo: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis"; hoc item Atabari dicit in lapidario suo: corresponding entry, Matthaeus Silvaticus (pand. 467). Avicenna: Ibn Slna, the most famous of the Arabic physicians, born at Afsana, 980 A . D . His most important work is the "Kitäb al-Qanün fi t-tibb", called " C a n o n medicinae", or "Liber canonis". One of his smaller works which is usually appended to the " C a n o n " is "De viribus cordis seu de medicamentis cordialibus". Cf. Ullmann Medizin, pp. 152-156. For a listing of 15th and 16th century editions see GKW III, 220—249; for other editions see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 20 entries, Priiss; 20, "Hortus Sanitatis". Avicenna im ii. buch: 7 entries, Priiss; Auicenna liber ii: 7 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Auicenna im ii canone: 7 entries, Priiss; Auicenna in secundo canone: 7 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Auicenna in i. canone: 1 entry, Priiss; Auicenna in 1. canone: 1 corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Auicenna in dem buch von den krefften des hertzen; im buch der hertze

36

Introduction

krefften (hertzkrefften); im buch von den hertzkrefften; In dem buch von der hertz krefftunge: 5 entries, Priiss; Auicenna in viribus cordis; in liber de virtutibus cordis: 5 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Auicenna IV canones fenn. j. von der ruhen zungen: 1 entry, Priiss; Auicenna IV canones fenn. i. de asperitate lingue: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Total: 41 entries, Priiss; 41 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Bartholomeus: This authority is Bartholomaeus Anglicus (13th century) who compiled an encyclopedic work in 19 books entitled " D e proprietatibus rerum". The citations are from the 16th book which deals with minerals and metals. See the Bibliography for editions. im buch der natur: 1 entry, Priiss. im buch von der ding eygenschafft: 1 entry, Priiss. in libro de proprietatibus rerum: 2 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Buch der Natur: See under "Liber de natura rerum". Bulcasim: Vincent of Beauvais calls him Bulcasim: eben: aben: azer (see chapter on Viride eris); in Matthaeus Silvaticus he is named 'Eben Aberi azarim (pand. 531, litargirium). These names stand for 'Abulcasis' or 'Albucasis', which are Latin versions of A b u 1 - Q a s i m . Abu 1-Qasim Halaf al-'Abbas az-Zahrawi was an Arabic physician who lived in Cordova, where he died ca. 1009. He wrote a medical encyclopedia in 30 parts. The first part to appear in print is dealing with the preparation of drugs and was entitled "Liber servitoris sive liber X X V I I I Bulchasin Benaberacerin, interprete Sim. Januensi et Abraamo Judaeo", Venice, 1471. See Ullmann Medizin, pp. 149—151. im buch servitor(is): 4 entries, Priiss; in libro qui dicitur (vocatur) servitor: 4 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Cassius Felix: Cassius Felix was a Roman physician who wrote ca. 447 a work entitled " D e medicina ex graecis logicae sectae auctoribus liber translatus". For the edition see the Bibliography. Cassius felix sagt in einem eigenen cap.: 1 entry, Priiss; Cassius felix cap. de petroleo: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Cassius felix im tractat von den trociscen: 1 entry, Priiss; Cassius felix tractate de trosciscis: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis".

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin

37

Constantinus: Constantinus Africanus, born in Carthage, lived in Monte Cassino from ca. 1056/1060 and died there in 1087. For the edition of his "Liber de gradibus simplicium medicamentorum" see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 5 entries, Priiss; 5 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Constantinus im buch der graduum: 2 entries, Priiss; Constantinus in libro graduum: 2 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Constantinus vnd Albertus: 1 entry, Priiss; Constantinus et Albertus: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Diascorides, Dyascorides, Dioscorides: In the chapters on stones in Priiss and the "Hortus Sanitatis" the name of this authority is not often given in full. The abbreviations 'Dias.' and 'Diasco. appear in Priiss, and 'Dyas.' and 'Dyasco.' in the "Hortus Sanitatis". On the other hand, Vincent of Beauvais in his "Speculum naturale" usually gives the name in full as 'Dioscorides' and sometimes as 'Diascorides'. The usual form in the "Pandecta" of Matthew Silvaticus is 'Diascorides'. Although some of the quotations about mineral substances in Vincent of Beauvais and in Matthew Silvaticus appear to be based, at least in part, on the chapters in the latter part of Book V of the "Materia Medica" of Dioscorides Pedanios (1st century A. D.), others clearly do not, especially those dealing with precious and semiprecious stones. For example, there is nothing in the standard Greek text of the ancient Dioscorides about the stones called 'adamas', 'balagius', 'crystallus', 'exebenos', 'iacinthus', and 'smaragdus'. This reflects the fact that the Greek Dioscorides could not possibly be known to the Latin Middle Ages. Even the Latin Dioscorides translation (6th c. A. D.) which was produced near Ravenna was scarcely known in the Middle Ages. Only the Salernitan text of the Latin Dioscorides version was widely distributed. This Salernitan text was an enlarged and alphabetically arranged Dioscorides text. This so-called Dyascorides predominantly consisted of material from the "Materia Medica"; it gives little information from other sources. In other words, the manuscript was what Goltz (p. 114) calls "Verarbeitungen" of the text of the ancient author. Quoted by name only: 60 entries, Priiss; 57 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapion vnd Diascorides: 1 entry, Priiss; Serapion auctoriate Dyascorides: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapion liber aggregatoris . . . auctoritate Dyascorides: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis" (in Priiss with name only). Serapion im buch der versamlung . . . vß der lere diascorides: 1 entry, Priiss; Serapion liber aggregatoris . . . auctoritate Dyascorides: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Serapio vß der lere diascorides: 1 entry, Priiss; Serapio libro Aggregatoris . . . auctoritate Dyascorides: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Diascorides im cap. de terra sigillate . . . noch in der kriechischen trans-

Introduction

38

latz . . . V n d auch in der arabischen translatz: 1 entry, Priiss; D y a s c o r i d e s capitulo de terra sigillata . . . translationem grecam . . .

trans-

lationem A r a b i c u m : corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Enax: In w o r k s earlier than the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" the form of this name is 'Evax' o r ' E u a x ' . In B o o k I I o f the treatise on minerals by Albertus, for example, this authority is so cited seven times. T h e form ' E n a x ' may have been produced b y the misrecording o r b y accidental reversal of the letter 'u'. H o w e v e r it m a y have arisen, the fictitions form ' E n a x ' occurs consistently in certain chapters

of

the

"Hortus

Sanitatis"

and

in the

corresponding

chapters

in Priiss. N e a r l y all passages in Albertus for which Evax is cited as the authority appear to c o m e f r o m M a r b o d e , w h o begins his lapidary poem with the w o r d s " E v a x , R e x A r a b u m , legitur scripisse N e r o n i , Q u i post Augustum regnavit in U r b e secundus . . . " , and w h o is cited by some later writers as ' E v a x ' because o f this incipit. H o w e v e r , a few passages in Albertus for w h i c h ' E v a x ' is cited as the authority appear to c o m e from

Damigeron,

w h o s e Latin version claims to be a translation made by a person named ' E v a x ' . T h i s name itself is probably fictitious, for it seems to be based on the following reading in some manuscripts of Pliny (nat. 2 5 , 8 ) : " E x his E v a x rex A r a b u m scripsit, Cratevas, Dionysius, e t c . " , whereas in better manuscripts the reading is only " E x his Cratevas, Dionysius, e t c . " .

Cf.

C h o u l a n t B ü c h e r k u n d e , pp. 2 4 4 - 2 4 5 ; Pannier, pp. 3 - 1 7 . Q u o t e d b y name o n l y :

14 entries, Priiss; 13 entries, " H o r t u s

Sanitatis".

E n a x in seinem steinbüch: 11 entries, Priiss. E n a x in lapidario s u o : 12 entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". E n a x in seinem steinbüch als man in der swartzen kunst lernet: 1 entry, Priiss; E n a x in magicis: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Galienus: ' G a l i e n u s ' in the medieval form of 'Galenus'. F o r editions of this famous physician see the Bibliography. Q u o t e d b y name o n l y : 14 entries, Priiss; 14 " H o n u s Sanitatis". Serapio vß der lere galieni: 1 entry, Priiss; Serapio auctoritate Galieni: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Serapion

im büch

Serapion

liber aggregatoris

der versamlung vß der lere Galieni:

1 entry,

Prüss;

. . . auctoritate Galieni: corresponding

entry,

" H o r t u s Sanitatis". Serapio vnd Galienus sagen: 1 entry, Prüss; Serapio auctoritate Galieni: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". H a l y regalis, H a l y : T h e n a m e stands f o r 'Ali ibn a l - ' A b b ä s , a Persian o f the 10th century. T h e latinized name is 'Ali A b b a s ' or ' H a l y A b b a s ' . H e wrote a medical ency-

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rosslin

39

clopedia called " K i t a b al-malakl" ("Royal B o o k " ) . Thus 'Haly' is the proper name, 'regalis' part of the title of Haly's work. The work of 'Alt ibn al'Abbas was translated into Latin by Constantine of Africa around 1070-1080 and by Stephen of Antioch in 1127. The title of Constantine's translation is " L i b e r pantegni", Stephen's, however, is "Liber regius", or "Regalis disp o s i t i o " . Only the translation of Constantine of Africa was really known and widely read at the universities of the Middle Ages. Cf. Ullmann Medizin, p p . 140-146. F o r editions see the Bibliography. Q u o t e d by name only: 1 entry, Priiss (Haly); 1 entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis" (Haly). Haly regalis in seiner practica an der andern rede: 1 entry, Priiss; Haly regalis in practica sua. sermone secundo: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis"; Vincent of Beauvais (nat. 7,14). Helyman, Helymandus, Helynandus, Helinandus: Probably Helinandus, Cistercian monk of Froidmont, died ca. 1229. His work is entitled "Chronica a creatione mundi"; books 1-24 are lost. They had been still used by Vincent of Beauvais. Helyman im x. buch der cronica: 2 entries, Priiss; Helymandus in cronicis libro X : two corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Helynandus X : 1 entry, Priiss; Helynandus libro decimo: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Helinandus: 1 entry, Priiss; Helynandus

libro duodecimo: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s

Sanitatis".

Huba: This authority is mentioned as Iuba in a corresponding passage on beryllus in Vincent of Beauvais (nat. 8,47) which reads: "Iuba scripsit quod coniugis dat amorem e t c . " Actually Iuba is not cited by Vincent of Beauvais as an independent authority but is included in a quotation from Helinandus (chron. 10). The compiler of the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" evidently split the quotation and thus made " H u b a " apear to be an independent authority. Iuba is mentioned in other quotations in Vincent of Beauvais, particularly in those in which Pliny is given as the authority. For example, one in nat. 1,101 which is the same as a statement in Pliny (nat. 33,118), and another in Vincent of Beauvais (nat. 7,102) which is very close to one in Pliny (nat. 35,39). Bailey (Plin. nat., vol. 1, pp. 219-220) identifies this Iuba as Iuba II, King of Maurentania, who was a historian and archeologist. See Sarton, vol. 1, p. 232. H u b a hat geschriben: 1 entry, Priiss; H u b a scripsit: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Johannes mesue: Under Mesue's name goes a Latin pseudo-epigraphic pharmaceutical compendium of the 13th century which is based on Arabic sources that cannot be

Introduction dated before the 11th century. It was extremely popular and widely distributed in the Late Middle Ages. See Ullmann Medizin, pp. 304-306. Quoted by name only: 3 entries, Priiss; 3 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". ph, Joseph (Rösslin: Joseph[us]): Joseph is an unidentified authority. However, there is a German poem, the introduction of which states that its author is called Joseph: Joseph bin ich genant Vnd bin dar bey bekant, Das ich hon vor gedieht Vndt die weit bericht Von liegen vnd warheit; Von mir ward nye gedacht, Noch gar zu teütsch gebracht, Wan das mich sere mût, Das man die steine gilt Velschet also verre. This poem was edited and published by Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching (1811). Büsching's text is based on a manuscript from Dresden (M 55, pap. fol. 15th c. bl. 78 c -86 c ) and on an Erfurt edition of 1498. Another manuscript of the same poem exists and was described by Jacob Bächtold in 1873 (pp. 153-166). Hans Lambel in his edition of Volmar's "Steinbuch" (1877) has established that the above mentioned Dresden manuscript, the Erfurt edition, and the manuscript in the British Museum are variants of Volmar's lapidary and he includes them into his list of existing variant readings of this lapidary. Lambel speaks of two groups of traditions of Volmar's "Steinbuch", one which calls the author Joseph, and the other which calls him Volmar (see Lambel Volmar Stein., p. VII). Büsching states, and with him later Lambel, that the name Joseph has already been mentioned in Albertus' lapidary. Lambel assumes that the name was taken from Albertus, since Albertus lists Joseph among the "maximae autoritatis in philosphia" in the first chapter of his first book on minerals (Albert. M. miner. 1,1 p. 2a, 17), and because he mentions him as an authority in the chapter on 'celidonius' (Albert. M. miner. 2,2,3, p. 33a, 34-35). Büsching thinks (Footnote p. 88) that Joseph is a contemporary of Albertus, Lambel leaves the question open. However, if Lambel's assumption is correct, that Volmar's = Joseph's poem was written in reply to Strieker's polemic against the belief of the time in the power of precious stones, it must have been written during the middle of the 13th century (Strieker's poem was written after 1236). For other editions see the Bibliography. als ioseph sagt: 1 entry, Priiss; vt Joseph dicit: corresponding entry,"Hortus Sanitatis".

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rösslin

41

Liber de natura rerum: This is the title of the enyclopedia of Thomas of Cantimpre in twenty books. Only Book XIV, entitled "De lapidibus pretiosis et eorum virtutibus, deals with stones. The passages attributed to the "Liber de natura rerum" in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" do not come directly from this book, but from the chapters on stones in the "Speculum naturale" of Vincent of Beauvais, which contain many quotations, partial quotations, and paraphrases of statements about stones made by Thomas of Cantimpre. As a consequence the passages in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis", and of course the corresponding ones in Priiss and Rösslin, often differ considerably from the original statements made by Thomas. See the Bibliography for the recent edition of the text of the "Liber de natura rerum" of Thomas of Cantimpre. The usual form of citation in the "Hortus Sanitatis" is "Ex. Ii. de na. re." and in Priiss "vß dem buch der natur", but one entry in Priiss reads, "vß dem buch von der ding natur". There are 41 entries in both Priiss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". magi: die natürlichen weisen meister meinen: 1 entry, Priiss; magi putant: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". es sagen die alten weisen: 1 entry, Priiss; hoc magi finguntur: corresponding enty, "Hortus Sanitatis". die weisen sprechen: 1 entry, Priiss; magus affirmat: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". als die weisen sagen: 1 entry, Priiss; magi credunt: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". als man in der swartzen kunst lernet: 1 entry, Priiss; in magicis docetur: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". in magicis autem traditur: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis" (not in Priiss). die alten weisen (wysen) sagen: 2 entries, Priiss; magi negant: corresponding two entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Marbodus: This authority is nowhere mentioned by name in Priiss and the "Hortus Sanitatis", but his famous lapidary poem "Liber de gemmis" is often cited in the ways indicated below. Although this work is the basis of many later lapidaries, it is curious that Marbode is not often mentioned by name. In some texts he is called "Lapidarius". For a modern edition of "Liber de gemmis" see the Bibliography. vß dem steinbüch, nach dem steinbüch: 17 entries, Priiss. ex lapidario, iuxta lapidarium: 16 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Palladius: Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus. A Latin author of the 4th or 5th century A. D. H e wrote a book on agriculture entitled "De re rustica",

42

Introduction

which was still used in the Middle Ages. For the edition see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 1 entry, Priiss. Palide agricultura liber I: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta: This is the " O p u s Pandectorum medicinae" of Matthaeus Silvaticus, active in Salerno in 1297-1317. In 1317 Matthaeus Silvaticus dedicated his work to King Robert of Sicily and it is entitled: "Opus Pandectorum medicinae, quo auctor vocabula obscura, quae ad medicinam et medicamenta Graeca, Latina, Arabica, barbara ex omni genere antiquorum congesta, explicat". For editions see the Bibliography. Pandecta cap. XIII; 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis" (gives cap. XCIII which is the correct chapter number in the "Pandectae" [cap. Belliculi marini]). Pandecta cap. CLXIII: 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta cap. C C C C : 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta cap. C C C C X X X I : 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta cap. dlv (= 555): 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta cap. CCLVI: 1 entry, Priiss; corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Pandecta cap. CCXXXVIII: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis"; corresponding entry in Priiss says only "Pandecta". Paulus: Paulus Aegineta, 7th century. He wrote a medical encyclopedia in 7 books. His medical knowledge is derived from Galen, Oribasius and Aetius. For the critical edition of the Greek text see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only (Paulus): 7 entries, Priiss; 7 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Philosophus: In the chapter Auricalcum (Stein. 19), Priiss 1509, we find the reference "dann Aristotiles sagt in dem buch des alluns/ das vK der kind ham vnnd messing gut gold werde". The parallel passage in the "Hortus Sanitatis" (lap. 19) reads however: "Dicit enim philosophus in libro de alumine . . ." The source of those two texts seems to be Vincent of Beauvais, "Speculum naturale", book VII, chapter XXXVI which reads: "Dicit enim Philosophus in libro de lumine: quod ex vrina pueri, et aurichalco fit aurum optimum". At the margin the "Speculum naturale" notes: "Dictum philosophi exponitur". Priiss' assumption that Aristoteles is the "philosophus" may have resulted from the fact that the next source reference given in the "Speculum naturale"

Editorial Procedures and Practices used by Rôsslin

43

and in the "Hortus Sanitatis" is "Dicit enim idem Aristoteles". Thus, Vincent's "in libro de lumine" became "in libro de alumine" and then "in dem buch des alluns". Who the "Philosophus" was can perhaps not be answered with certainty. That he is one of the alchemists is indicated by the quote, and also by the fact that the Latin texts of Auricalcum continue with a reference to " E x doctrina alchymiae". The other chapters in which the "Philosophus" is mentioned (Cuprum, lap. 46; Dyacodos, lap. 49; Iaspis, lap. 66; Ligurius, lap. 75; Vitrum, lap. 149) and which seem to have taken their reference from the "Speculum naturale", only mention the name "Philosophus" without any further explanation as to what he has written or who he is. Lippmann Alchemie, vol. 1, pp. 37-39, mentions two alchemists, a "Philosophus Anonymus" and a "Philosophus Christianus" (6th, 7th, or 8th centuries). If it were not for the mention of the title of a book in the chapter Auricalcum, one might assume that "philosophus" is a general term for "alchemist". Dicit enim philosophus in libro alumine: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis" (lap. 19, Auricalcum); Aristoteles sagt in dem buch des alluns: corresponding entry, Priiss. Philosophus: name only, 5 entries, Priiss; 6 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Physiologus: For editions see the Bibliography. Quoted only once by Priiss and the "Hortus Sanitatis". Platearius: Two Salernitan physicians carry the name Platearius, Johannes Platearius and Matthaeus Platearius. Johannes is at times quoted as the author of the "Liber de simplici medicina dictus circa instans". For editions see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 5 entries, Priiss; 4 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". In libro de simplici medicina: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Plinius: Although the "Historia naturalis" of Gaius Plinius Secundus is a chief primary source of information for the medieval lapidaries in general, he is less often mentioned by name in them than might be expected. For various editions of Pliny see the Bibliography. Cited by name only: 21 entries, Priiss; 21 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". liber X V I : 3 entries, Priiss; 3 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". liber X X V I : 1 entry, Priiss; 1 corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". liber X X X I I I : 1 entry, Priiss; 1 corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". liber X X X V I : 1 entry, Priiss; and 1 entry, Priiss, with the apparently incorrect reading X X X ; 2 corresponding readings, "Hortus Sanitatis". liber X X X V I I : 2 entries, Priiss; 2 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". 6

Rosslin: O n Minerals

44

Introduction

Rabanus: H r a b a n u s Maurus, bishop of Mainz, 784?-856 A. D . For the edition of his w o r k " D e universo" see the Bibliography. Q u o t e d only once by name in Priiss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Rasis: Abü Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyä' ar-Räzl, called in Latin 'Rasis', 'Rhasis', 'Rhazes'. H e was a physician in Bagdad and died in Raiy in 923 A. D . The t w o w o r k s mentioned in our texts are: "Liber medicinalis Almansoris" (see p. 34) and "Liber de aluminibus et salibus"; for editions see the Bibliography. O n l y in the Latin tradition is it connected with ar-Räzl. Vincent of Beauvais names 'Rhazes' as the author of the "Liber de aluminibus et salibus". The text he used was edited by Steele. The title "Liber de aluminibus et salibus" is misleading. A different title " D e mineralibus liber" is given in the edition of 1560 which says that the author is Johannes Garlandinus and which is more significant. The Arabic original does not give an author, but according to Ruska, the main sources of the text are Gäbir ibn Haiyän and ar-Räzl (Ruska Buch, pp. 13, 15f.). Ruska thinks the text was written in Spain around 1100. The "Liber de aluminibus et salibus" is also known as Pseudo-Gerhardus Cremonensis (see Steele and Ruska Buch). Q u o t e d by name only: 7 entries, Priiss; 7 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". buch der allunen vnd saltz: 3 entries, Priiss; liber de aluminibus et salibus: 3 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis" (2 without mentioning the name "Rasis"). im buch der allun: 1 entry, Priiss; in libro de aluminibus: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". buch der eigentschaft: 1 entry, Priiss; liber de proprietatibus: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Serapion auctoritate Rasis: 1 entry, Priiss; 2 entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Seneca: Lucius Annaeus Seneca. The work mentioned in our text is the "Naturalium quaestionum libri V I I I " . For editions see the Bibliography. Seneca in den natürlichen fragen im VII. buch: 1 entry, Priiss; Seneca in naturalibus questionibus libro septimo: corresponding entry in " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Sergius: Identity uncertain, unless it is the physician and philosopher Sergios of Resaina w h o studied in Alexandria and w h o died at Constantinople in 536. Sarton, vol. 1, pp. 423—424 calls him "one of the greatest translators from Greek into Syriac". Sergius spricht aber: 1 entry, Priiss; Sergius tarnen dicit: corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Vincent of

Bibliographie Description of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch"

45

Beauvais mentions Sergius in the same passage (chapter on Gagates), but in a quotation ascribed to the "Liber de natura rerum". Thus, Sergius is not an independent authority. Servius: Servius (ca. 400 A. D.) was a Latin grammarian and author of a commentary on Vergil. For editions see the Bibliography. Item Seruius über das hürten buch virgilij spricht: 1 entry, Priiss; Item Seruius super bucolicom, Uirgilij in ecloga pastoris dicit: corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapio, Serapion: His "Liber de medicamentis simplicibus" or "De temperamentis simplicibus" is a pseudo-epigraphic work like the Pseudo-Mesue; cf. Ulimann Medizin, pp. 283-284. As Pseudo-Mesue it seems to exist in manuscript form in medieval apothecaries and to constitute an important handbook. The first printed edition appeared in Mailand, 1473, under the title: "Liber Serapionis aggregatus in medicinis simplicibus, translatio Simonis Januensis interprete Abraham Judaeo Tortuosiensi de arabico in latinum". Quoted by name only: 24 entries, Priiss; 21 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapio in dem buch der versamlung: 16 entries, Priiss. Serapio liber aggregatoris: 29 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapion auctoritate Diascorides: 7 entries, Priiss; 7 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis" (the "Hortus Sanitatis" saying twice: Serapion liber aggregatoris . . . auctoritate Dyascorides). Serapion liber aggregatoris . . . auctoritate rasis: 1 entry, Priiss; 1 corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapion liber aggregatoris . . . auctoritate Galieni: 2 entries, Priiss; 2 corresponding entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapio auctoritate Galieni: 1 entry, Priiss; 1 corresponding entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". Serapion auctoritate Alcanzi: 1 entry, Priiss (ascanij); 2 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Solinus: Gaius Julius Solinus (3rd century A. D.), author of "Collectanea rerum memorabilium". It was first published under the title "Polyhistor, sive de mirabilibus mundi", Venice: Nicolaus Jenson, 1473. For a critical edition see the Bibliography. Quoted by name only: 4 entries, Priiss; 5 entries, "Hortus Sanitatis". Theofrastus, Theophrastus: Theophrastos of Eresos, pupil of Aristotle. For editions of his work on stones see the Bibliography. Theofrastus dicit: 1 entry, "Hortus Sanitatis". 6'

Introduction

46

T h e o p h r a s t u s in einem eygen ca. spricht: 1 entry, Priiss; T h e o f r a s t u s in p r o p r i o c a p . : corresponding entry, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Y s a a c beniamin ( b e n y a m i n ) , ysaac: 'Isaac b e n i a m i n ' cannot be identified with any certainty. ysaac beniamin (benyamin): 4 entries, Priiss; 4 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". y s a a c : 2 entries, Priiss; 2 corresponding entries, " H o r t u s Sanitatis". y s i d o r u s , Isidorus: Isidore o f Seville, died 6 3 6 A . D . I n the X V I t h b o o k o f his encyclopedia he gives an explanation o f mineral names, mostly according to Pliny. F o r editions o f Isidore's " E t y m o l o g i a r u m sive O r i g i n u m " see the Bibliography. Q u o t e d b y name o n l y : 65 entries, Priiss; 66 entries, " H o r t u s

Sanitatis".

In addition, the following b o o k s are mentioned specifically: liber X V I , Priiss, with c o r r e s p o n d i n g entry in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" given as liber X X I ; liber X V I , o n e entry in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis", but Priiss mentions only the name; liber X I X , two entries in Priiss and the " H o r t u s Sanitatis".

In summary, we may say the preceding listing of the ancient and medieval authors and w o r k s and especially the frequency counts for each authority suggests that the principal sources o f the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and Priiss were most likely A l b e r t u s M a g n u s , A r n o l d o f S a x o n y , Avicenna, Isidore, and Serapion. A n exact comparison o f chapters and quotations in the H o r t u s Sanitatis-Priiss texts and t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g texts in the above-named authors does not, however, indicate such a close relationship that these authors can be considered direct textual sources. R a t h e r , the immediate sources prove to be t w o texts which Schuster has already found

to

be

the main

sources

o f the chapters on plants -

namely

1) the

" P a n d e c t a " o f Matthaeus Silvaticus and 2) the " S p e c u l u m naturale" o f Vincent o f Beauvais. A n additional, though m i n o r , source was B a r t h o l o m e w . While these 13th and 14th century w o r k s are the direct sources of the Hortus Sanitatis-Priiss texts and even though the earlier, m o r e o r less original w o r k s on stones which are f r e q u e n t l y cited are not sources in a strict sense, they are clearly sources from the standpoint o f c o n t e n t : most o f the lines in the H o r t u s Sanitatis-Priiss and Rosslin texts are similar in meaning to corresponding passages in these primary, and more original sources. It should further be pointed out that the Hortus-Priiss texts on minerals never mention the name of either Vincent o f Beauvais or Matthaeus Silvaticus. Silvaticus is at least quoted a few times under the title of his work " P a n d e c t a " (as in chapter lap. 2 5 = Stein. 25 for instance) but Vincent of Beauvais is n o t referred to at all. E v e n t h o u g h the texts o f Vincent o f Beauvais and Matthaeus Silvaticus are repeated a l m o s t verbatim in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis", some citations of sources w h i c h o c c u r in these texts are omitted in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis". Still more o m i s s i o n s o f references t o authorities can be found in the corresponding chapters

Arrangement of our Edition of Rosslin's Treatise on Minerals

47

of Priiss. In Rosslin this process of successively eliminating citations of authorities reaches a climax, for in his corresponding chapters very few authorities are mentioned. Rosslin's treatment of his sources is further discussed in our Introduction, pp. 21-28. Reference should also be made here to the commentary accompanying the German text of our edition of Rosslin's chapters on minerals. This commentary is a line by line comparison of Rosslin's text with the source material as it appears in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and the "Gart der Gesundheit".

VI. Arrangement of our Edition of Rosslin's Treatise on Minerals 1. Our edition of the chapters on minerals and mineral substances is based on Eucharius Rosslin's 1535 text of his "Kreutterbuch". It was decided to use the 1535 text since later reprints do not show any substantial improvements or changes, but rather contain many errors. The first edition of 1533 was rejected because it contains substantially less material on inorganic substances and minerals. As was discussed in the Introduction, the 1533 text had its origin in the "Gart der Gesundheit", which lists only a few mineral substances in alphabetical order among the chapters on herbs. On the other hand, the 1535 text is related to the Latin "Hortus Sanitatis" in its treatment of inorganic substances, which devotes a whole section to minerals and mineral substances. 2. A critical edition of the text was given preference over a nearly diplomatic form of publication or facsimile reproduction, even though a facsimile precludes any mistakes on the part of the editor and typesetter and completely preserves the original. However, the user of our text can gain an impression of the printing, the original appearance of the text, the arrangement of pages, and the illustrations from the facsimile page in the Appendix. The part of Rosslin's "Kreutterbuch", reprinted and discussed here, with excerpts from other issues of the same work, is presented in accordance with the basic concepts of a critical edition, which is a rendition of a text that is as close as possible to the author's intent and which avoids as much as possible any interference with the textual composition and order of the original. It should be emphasized therefore that this edition contains a traditional-historical component since it includes a list of variants and sources, a description of the various editions of the text, and the concordances contained in the Appendix (Tables I and II, pp. 3 3 7 - 3 5 4 ) . (a) In general, the orthography of the text has not been altered. Where a word or segment of a word varies, these variations have been preserved. Without treating the phonemes and the morphology of the text in detail and without giving a systematic analysis of individual phonemes (which can only be done on the basis of the entire text), some examples of inconsistencies in orthography are given here as they occur in the original and are preserved in the later reprints. For example, the text indiscriminately uses nummer - niimmer; stein steyn; artznei - artzney; melancholei - melancholy; abthun - abthun; daruff - dar-

48

Introduction

auff; rawch - rauch; flegma - phlegma; brandt - brand - brant; wethum wethumb; benimpt - benimmet; kompt - komt; verhaltet - verhellt; hey It heylet; Rofiwasser - Rosenwasser. The frequent alternation of u and v, i and j has been preserved, but not that of s and f and if and is. Furthermore, inconsistencies in vowel and consonant doubling remain unchanged, as in: vund - vnnd; in - inn; mit - mitt; hauptwee - hufftwe; verzeeren - verzeren. The spelling sz was preserved in the few places where it appears, which are hereby listed: sz is used in the title for Spieszglasz (XLVIII 51 ), Bleiweisz (LVIII), Turckisz (LXXIX), Glasz (LXXX), and within the text, for ausz (Elitropia, LXIII), and darausz (Saltz, LXXVII). The arbitrary separation or joining of words or parts of words was generally retained in the present text. Examples are: viol farb - violfarb (Amethist, XLVII); faul fleysch (Quecksilber, LI) - faulfleysch (Saltz, LXXVII); wolreden (Schwalbensteyn, LVII) - wol reden (Agathes, XLVI); baum 611 - baum&l (Saltz, LXXVII). However, it was sometimes difficult to determine if two words were printed separately or together. In some places the line has certainly been compressed for reasons of space. In these places, and wherever the separation or connection of words seemed to depend on printing technicalities, the editor did make changes in keeping with the general usage of the text. The 'zu' ('ze') before the infinitive is usually written separately in the original. However, where it is connected, as in zeuerzeren (Weinsteyn, LXXVIIID), and zuuerzeren (Alaun, L B), it is preserved in the reprint. The variations in capitalization have been kept without exception, for instance Steyn (Ophthalmius, LXXI) - steyn (Opalus, LXXI); meer - Meere (Magnet, LXIX); Corallen (Corallen, LIX) - corall (Corallen, LIX); Arsenicum (Operment, LIIII) - arsenicum (Operment, LV); Rosenwasser (Trachenblut, LXXVIII) - rosenwasser (Bleiweisz, LVIII). In the original text, after a period, a small letter is occasionally placed at the beginning of a sentence. This could well be an oversight of the printer, since there generally is a capital letter after the period at the end of the sentence. The editor has made corrections in these cases, as for example in the chapter on Bims (LXXII), line six. Obvious printing and spelling errors, i. e. mechanical errors, were emended on the basis of other existing reprints of the text; a reference is given in the list of variants. These are typographical errors, for instance n instead of u, t instead of r, r instead of a, f instead of s and vice versa, o instead of a, as well as the omission or repetition of syllables. Examples are: 'angenn' instead of 'augenn' (Saltz, LXXVII); 'lungeun' instead of 'lungenn' (RStelsteyn, LVI); 'verereibbt' instead of 'vertreibt' (Agstein, LXXIIII); 'zweyethand' instead of 'zweyerhand' (Operment, LIIII); 'et' instead of 'er' (Blutstein, LXIII); 'er' instead of 'es' (Salarmoniac, LXXVII); 'gegegen' instead of 'gegen' (Zignites, LXXXI); 'Bolus armenns' instead of 'Bolus armenus' (RStelsteyn, LV); 'bertrum* instead of 'bertram' (Alaun, L); 51

In this section, the Roman numbers do not refer to chapter-numbers in the part dealing with stones and minerals of Rosslin's "Kreutterbuch" (our edition chapter I—XCIII) but to the page numbers of the 1535 edition which appear in parentheses at the top of each page of our edition. See paragraph 2(d).

Arrangement of our Edition of Ròsslin's Treatise on Minerals

49

'Artimonius' instead of 'Antimonium' (Spieszglasz, XLIX); 'do' instead of 'da' (Salniter, LXXI). In addition to this, typographical errors which seem to be misreadings on the part of the typesetter also appear, as for example 'baumwoll' (Alaun, L) for 'baumSl', as well as confusion of similar numbers in the pagination, for instance XLVIII instead of LXVIII. Wherever a word in the original has been set beneath a line for lack of space, the editor has added it at the end of the line. One example of this is 'hat', found in the chapter on Alaun, line 12, which was set under the word 'geschmack' in the original text and set off by an open parenthesis; Alaun mag man halten ein lang hat. (b) The punctuation in the original was also preserved. Above all, the virgules were left as they were in the original text. Beside the virgule, the period is the most important punctuation mark in the text. Periods are missing at the ends of sentences in only a few places. These were put in by the editor, for almost all such omissions seemed to be due to the shortcomings of printing techniques, especially since it is apparent that the period was sometimes struck over by the last letter or omitted for lack of space. A comma after a word in Roman type instead of the virgule is also included in this reprint, for instance in the chapter on Operment (LVA): Wer ein nagel wil abetzen/ der nem gummi serapinum, vnd arsenicum, ieglichs gleich vil/. The colon occurs occasionally and is also retained in this edition; for instance, in the chapter on Kalck (LVIIC), where it serves as an indication of contrasting statements. According to sixteenth-century conventions, both cardinal and ordinal numbers are followed by a period, which has been preserved in our text, for instance ij. lot; 4. lot; das wert X. jar vnuersert. Occasional paragraph signs (£) were left intact, even though their usage did not seem to be systematic. At the end of the chapter on Zignites, a sign for etc. (2C.) is missing in our text. The sentence reads as follows in the original: Ende von steynen/ gummi/ JC. In general, our text avoids word division. The division at the end of lines was not dependent on syllabification but could follow at any letter. Somes examples are: sch/neiden (Amethist, XLVII D); we/chset (Spieszglasz, X L I X A); u/berkommet (Armenus, XLVIII D). Because of this problem, the edtitor has taken certain liberties with word division at the end of lines in the reprint. All diacritical marks were preserved. In a few places where a typesetter's error may be assumed, or where there was doubt whether there was an umlaut mark (") or an umlaut (e) above the vowel, decisions or corrections were made on the basis of general written usage. (c) The abbreviations which were used haphazardly and without discrimination by the typesetter have been spelled out. They have been analyzed as follows; the macron served three purposes: (1) to indicate gemination of a nasal: man (mann), bren (brenn), abkorft (abkomm), benimt (benimmt), marmelsteyn (marmelsteynn). (2) to designate a following nasal: gebunde (gebunden), tuget (tugent), vnde (vnden), gege (gegen). (3) to show that a nasal was followed by a hormorganic voiced stop: vri (vnd), darurft (darumb), vmgeben (vmbgeben), vm (vmb).

50

Introduction

(4) in one case a circle over a v indicates the prefix 'ver'. dz and d stand for 'daz' and 'der' respectively. Abbreviated names are written in full in the reprint with parentheses; for instance Joseph(us), and the period which served as the sign of an abbreviation was eliminated. This is also true in Serapio aggregat(or). (d) Paragraphs were preserved as in the original German text. However, in the English edition the text is sometimes divided into more meaningful paragraphs. As already mentioned, the original has no chapter numbers, but only a pagination and division of the columns into quadrants. The page number and quadrant designation of the original text are noted as the top of each page of the reprint in parentheses, for instance (LXV C - XLVI A). The Roman numerals without parentheses refer to chapter numbers, which have been introduced for the convenience of the reader. The original text does not have line numbers. The editor has made a line count to facilitate the use of the text and the list of variants. (e) Some terms in the original text are in Roman type. These have not been distinguished from the rest of the text of our edition.

THE CHAPTERS ON MINERALS AND MINERAL PRODUCTS IN THE HERBAL OF EUCHARIUS ROSSLIN

Prints of Rösslin's "Kreutterbüch" A B C D E F G

= = = = = = =

Frankfurt Frankfurt Frankfurt Frankfurt Frankfurt Frankfurt Frankfurt

am am am am am am am

Main, Main, Main, Main, Main, Main, Main,

Egenolff, Egenolff, Egenolff, Egenolff, Egenolff, Egenolff, Egenolff,

1533 1535 1536 1538 1540. 1542 1546

Von Edelgesteyn / Ertz / Metall I

52

(XLV A-C)

Voigt hernach/ von Naturen / Eygenschafft vnnd wirckungen der Edelgesteyn/ E r t z / Metall / Erden vnd Gummi.

I Von Polierung allerhandt Edelgesteyn/ rechter Kunst. Feursteyn gepüluert/ damit polirt mann alle harte steyn/ als Berillen. Rubin oder Bailas zu Poliern/ Brenn einen Amethisten zwischen zweyen tigeln/ zerreib den vff eim steyn/ brenn jn noch eynest/ so würt er gut zu allen weychen steynn. Reynen Pumiß brenn vff einem steyn / so würt er gut zu allen süssen steynen / V n d die müstu polirn vff eim böckin leder/ oder vff eim birbaumin brett. Rubin soltu schleiffen auff eim blei / mitt Schmiril/ dann sol mann jn polirn vff eim K u p f f e r / mit schwartzem feurstein/ wol gebrannt vnd geriben. Smaragd sol man außwendig polieren vff dem rohr mit reynem wasser/ Man mag jn auch poliren auff birbiumen holtz/ mitt färben von Trippel/ vnnd vff dem rohr so gewinnt er seinen lautern glantz. Berill sol man polirn vff weissem leder/ mit Perlenmutter der wolgebrennt s e i / vnd geriben. Ballas polirt mann mit Marcasit/ das ist Golt ertz / vnnd mit leinSl/ Das thü auff K u p f f e r / E s machet einen rechten glantz/ mitt Perlenmutter/ der wol gebrennet i s t / vnd mit lauterm wasser geriben/ auff weissem leder/ so würt er schön. Saphir Polir mitt schwartzen feurstein vff kupffer mit lautterm wasser. Topasien Polier mit trippel färben/ der wol geriben sei/ das thü auff Zyn. Amethisten Polir vff Z y n / oder birbaumen holtz/ mit gebranten feurstein. T ü r c k e ß polir als den Schmaragd. B C D E F G 2 Naturn E F : natur G 3 wirckung E F G 7 gpuluert F darmit G polieret E: poliert G 8 polieren G Amatisten F G 9 auff G eynest] ein mal G wirdt G zu G 10 steynen E F : steinen G 11 Pumis G auff G wirt G zu G 12 müst du G vff eim 1 ] auff eim F : auff einem G vff 2 eim 2 ] auff einem G Byrbiumen G breth G 13 vff F einem G 14 auff F G einem E F 15 polirn E F auff G 16 poliern E F G auff] vff E byrbiumen G holtze E F vff] auff G 17 röhre E F gewinnet E F G 18 auff G perlenmutter C : perlenmütter D : Perlenmuter E F : Perlenmüter G wol gebrant G 20 Goldertz G 21 vff G macht E F G Perlenmütter G 22 gebrennt E F : gebrant G vff E F wirdt G 24 schwartzem F G auff G 25 zin C D : zinn G 26 Amethist G oder] oder vff F birbiumen D : byrbiumen G 27 Türckes C D : Türckis G Smaragd C D G

(XLV A-C)

On Mineral and Mineral Products I

53

After this comes: On the Nature, Quality, and Efficacy of Precious Stones, Ores, Metals, Earths, and Gums

I

About the True Art of Polishing All Kinds of Precious Stones All hard stones, such as beryls, are polished with powdered hornstone. For polishing ruby or balas, bake an amethyst between two crucibles, grind it on a stone, and bake it once more. Thus it becomes good for all soft stones. Bake clean pumice on a stone. Thus it becomes good for all mild stones. And you must polish these on buckskin, or on a block of pearwood. You should grind ruby on a lead (disc) with emery, then polish it on a copper (disc) with black hornstone well baked and pulverized. Smaragdus should be polished outward on the cylinder with clean water. It may also be polished on pearwood with tripoli, and on the cylinder. Thus it receives its clear luster. Beryl should be polished on white leather with mother-of-pearl that has been well baked and pulverized. Balas is polished with pyrite, which is gold ore, and with linseed oil. Do this on copper. A true luster is produced on white leather with mother-of-pearl that is well baked and pulverized along with clear water. It thus becomes beautiful. Polish saphirus on copper with black hornstone and clear water. Polish topasius with tripoli that is well pulverized. Do this on tin. Polish amethysts on tin, or pearwood, with baked hornstone. Polish turquoise like emerald.

52,5—54,4 The material of this chapter is not in the " G a r t der Gesundheit", the "Hortus Sanitatis", the "Speculum Naturale" of Vincent of Beauvais, the "Pandecta" of Matthew Silvaticus, or the work of any extant ancient author. Its exact immediate source could not be located. However, similar polishing procedures are contained in the "Mappae Clavicula" of the 9th to the 12th century. See especially the recipes 146B, 1 4 6 C , 191 A. It seems likely that Rósslin extracted the passages of this chapter from a late 15th or early 16th century printed recipe book that contained polishing procedures largely based on those in the "Mappae Clavicula".

54

Von Edelgesteyn / Ertz / Metall I—II

(XLV C - X L V I A)

Korniol/ Koman/ Onichilum/ Agat/ Chalcidonien / Jaspis sol man Polirn auff Z y n / mit trippel färb / odder feurstein/ auff birbaumen holtz. Christall polir mit gebrannten Christall vnd linden holtz / mit trippel färben. Turquillis schleiff auff eim wetzsteyn.

II

Adamant. Adamas. Diamant. Demant. Adamas ist ein gantz harter stein/ wenig dunckeler dann der Cristall/ doch schwartz glesten färbig / also hert das er weder mit feur noch mit andern dingen gebrochen werden mag/ er würt aber doch weych gemacht vnd vffgethon/ besunder mit dem blut eins bocks. Sein grösse ist erfunden gleich einer haselnuß/ er wechset in Arabia vnnd Cipern/ aber das in Cipern ist mehr weycher vnnd dunckel/ vnnd wann diser steyn vnder den magnet gelegt würt / so bindt er den magnet/ vnd laßt jn nit eisen ziehen. .ektoov, amber.

180,5

wie der magnet: This is incorrect, for the lodestone does not attract leaves, straw, and threads as amber does when rubbed. Rosslin copied this phrase from Priiss 1053 , but the latter did not correctly translate the passage in the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1052 which reads as follows: "Confricatur autem trahit folia et paleas et fila sicut magnes ferrum" (If rubbed it attracts leaves, straws, and threads as the lodestone attracts iron). This passage is an exact quotation from Albertus Magnus 1 0 5 5 , who is cited as the authority by the compiler of the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1052 .

See the Commentary on Chapter V.

180,11 A back reference to Chapter V.

LXXXII 180,14.16 Sulphur uiuum, Lebendiger Schwefel: 'Lebendig' (live) as applied to minerals is an obsolete term that is equivalent to native or virgin. 180,14.16 Sulphur uiuum, Lebendiger schwefel: For the etymology of Latin 'sulphur' see Walde-Hofmann, vol. 2, p. 628. According to Kluge-Götze, s. v. Schwefel, German 'Schwefel' and Latin 'sulfur' go back to idg. :: 'suelphos; Schräder 1056 , however, sees no etymological connection between German 'Schwefel' and Latin 'sulfur'. Pliny 1 0 5 6 3 mentions four kinds of sulphur, one of them being 'sulphur vivum': "genera IUI: vivum, quod Graeci apyron vocant". 'Sulphur vivum' occurs in early medieval texts, for instance in Isidore 1057 , as well as such later ones as in the Dispensatorium Viennense 1058 and in the list of Arends/Hickel/ Schneider 1059 ; 'lebendiger swebel' in Megenberg 1060 , 'levende sulfer' in Jan Yperman 1 0 6 1 and 'sweuel leuendich' in the German Hortus-manuscript of Breyell 1062 . See also Goltz, p. 162; Lüschen, p. 316.

1051

Dispensatorium Vienn. 21 p. 135b Senfelder = p. 18b Zekert. H o r t u s san. lap. 122. 1053 Gart Ib (Prüss, Straßburg) Stein. 122. 1054 H o r t u s san. lap. 122. 1055 Albert. M. miner. 2,2,17. 1056 Schräder, vol. 2, p. 359. lose» p i i n n a t 35,175. 1057 Isid. orig. 16,1,9. 1058 Dispensatorium Vienn. 376 p. 116 Senfelder = p. 126 Zekert. 1059 Warenlager p. 32 ( N o . 323). 1060 Megenberg N a t . 7,9. 1061 Yperman Chirurgie 1,27 p. 64a Leersum. 1062 Cf. Bessler Hortus-Manuskript, p.254 (No.334). 1052

312

Commentary

182,7

diafiniconis: A remedy prepared from dates. The name is derived from Greek ötä, from and qxuviS;, date palm, i. e. the fruit of the date palm. The usual form is 'diaphoenicon'. Recipes for this preparation are given in the Dispensatorium Viennense 1063 ; cf. Zedier VII, 769.

182,7

diachartami: Variants of this name in editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit" are 'dyacarchami' 1064 ; 'diachorchan' 1065 ; 'diacarthami' 1066 . As the name indicates, this is an extract and remedy prepared from Carthamus tinctoria L., safflower. Both the seeds and flowers of this plant have been utilized, the former having a much stronger carthartic action. Cf. Zedier IV, 439; Stille and Maisch, pp. 358-359.

182,7—8 electuarium de succo rosarum: A syrup prepared from the petals of Rosa sp. and of active drugs. For a recipe see the Dispensatorium Viennense 1067 . 182,18 weiß nießwurtz: Veratrum album L. Cf. Pritzel-Jessen Volksnamen, p. 427; Fischer, p. 287; Stille and Maisch, pp. 1514—1516. 182,18 lein 61: Oil from the seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. as in Peter von Ulm 1 0 6 8 and Paracelsus 1069 . Cf. Lexer I, 1028 s. v. linöl; Dtw. VI, 708; Keil Peter von Ulm, p. 415; Weimann Fachsprache, p. 386. 184,6 salniter: Crude natural sodium carbonate. See the Commentary on Chapter LXVIII. 184,14 gummi albotin: A synonym for turpentine, the oleoresin from various Pinus sp. Cf. Ruland, p. 25 'albotim', 'albotai', and others. The name may refer to the Alboti, a Macedonian people (cf. Zedier I, 1035).

LXXXIII 184.16 Saltz: For Ohg., Mhg. 'salz', 'saltz' see Schade, p. 740; Lexer 11,587; Dtw. VIII, 1706. 184.17 Sal: The usual equivalent Greek name for Latin 'sal' is akq (e. g. Dioscorides 1070 ). These terms denote only common salt for domestic use, as does the 'saltz' of Rosslin's text. 184,18—186,1 The kind of salt from mines (rock salt) was probably almost pure sodium chloride. That obtained from the sea or from brackish lakes near the sea contained small proportions of other salts, such as magnesium chloride, and that obtained from mineral springs was probably still more impure.

1063 Dispensatorium Vienn. 210.211 pp. 64f. Senfelder = p. 79 Zekert. Gart Ib (Arndes, Lübeck 1492) 671. 1065 Gart Ia (Schönsperger, Augsburg 1499) 379. 1066 Gart Ib (Beck, Strassburg 1527) 671. 1067 Dispensatorium Vienn. 209 p. 64 Senfelder = pp. 7 8 - 7 9 Zekert. 1068 p e t e r v o n Ulm 75 Keil. 1069 Paracels. Große Wundarzn. 1,2,7 p. 123. 1070 Dsc. 5,109,1. 1064

Commentary

313

186,9

blat in der kelen: As a medical term 'blat' means uvula or epiglottis, but also inflammation and swelling of such an anatomical part and surrounding tissue, particularly angina, an inflammatory affection of the fauces or throat, which occurs in croup and quinsy, and tends to produce spasmodic suffocative attacks. Cf. Höfler, pp. 4 7 - 4 8 . 186,18 Cristieren: Nhg. 'klistieren' (to clysterize); Rösslin, 1550 ed., 'clistiern'. Cf. Lexer I, 1738; D f g . , 127c; Dtw. V, 2334. 186,21 dienet es zu der schone (it serves to beautify)-, 'schone' (noun). Nhg. 'Schönheit', 'Klarheit', 'Weisse'. Cf. Lexer II, 768; Dtw. IX, 1490. 188,2

fratten hüfften: 'fratten' (adj.), chafed. Cf. Lexer III, 492 s. v. vrat; Dtw. IV 1,67. LXXXIV

188,3.5 The history of the term 'sal ammoniacum' and of the substance it designates is described by Julius Ruska in his paper on Sal ammoniacus (1923) and by Goltz, pp. 274—277. 'Salarmoniac' is derived from Greek' Amiomaicöv (Dioscorides 1 0 7 0 ), and Latin 'ammoniacum' or 'hammoniacum' (Pliny 1 0 7 1 ); however, these terms were applied in antiquity to a particular variety of common salt. Rösslin's 'salarmoniac', 'Sal Armoniac'. 'Salarmoniacum' stands for more or less pure ammonium chloride ( N H 4 C l ) . In this meaning 'salarmoniac' occurs in the German Hortus-manuscript of Breyell 1 0 7 2 , 'sal armoniac' in Peter von U l m 1 0 7 3 (var. 'salmoniac'); 'sal hammoniacum' in the Dispensatorium Viennense 1 0 7 4 , 'sal ammoniacum' in the Dispensatorium Viennense 1 0 7 5 , 'sal armoniacum' in O n o l f 1 0 7 6 , the list of Arends/Hickel/Schneider 1 0 7 7 , Suff 1 0 7 8 ("Sal armoniacum — ist ain fast scharpffer ecz stain"), Minner 1 0 7 9 . Cf. also Bailey Plin. nat. vol. 1, p. 163; Lüschen, pp. 306—307; Keil Peter von Ulm, p. 454; Broszinski Minner Chirurgia, p. 294. 188,4

Salmiac, Salmiax: These names are contractions of 'sal armoniacum' or 'sal armoniac' and occur since late medieval times. 'Salmiax' is for instance used in Peter von U l m 1 0 8 0 , Minner 1 0 8 1 ("in tütsch salmiax") and Paracelsus 1 0 8 2 . 'Salmiax'

1071 1072

1073 1074

1075 1076 1077 1078

1079 loso 1081

1082

Plin. nat. 31,78-79. Cf. Bessler Hortus-Manuskript, p.253 (No. 331). p e t e r v o n Ulm 148.151 Keil. Dispensatorium Vienn. 290 p. 90 Senfelder = p. 102 Zekert. Dispensatorium Vienn. 18 p. 134b Senfelder = p. 17b Zekert. Ortolf Arzneibuch 98.103 Follan. Warenlager p. 32 (No. 331). Suff Glossar p. 119 Broszinski. Mi n n er Thes. 361,1 Schmitz; Chirurgia p. 85 Broszinski. p e t e r v o n Ulm 42.148.149.151 Keil. Minner Thes. 361,1 Schmitz. Paracels. Von Blatern der Franzosen 10 p.476 Sudhoff.

314

Commentary

is listed in Dtw. VIII, 1699, but not in Lexer. See also Keil Peter von Ulm, p. 454; Weimann Fachsprache, p. 450; Broszinski Minner Chirurgia, p. 294. For a full account see Emil Ploss (1959) 1083 ; see also Goltz, pp. 274-277. 188.5

Sal Armoniac wiirdt auK steynen gezogen: Ammonium chloride occurs sparsely in the form of crusts and efflorescences on rocks in volcanic regions, as at Etna and Vesuvius. The first certain observation of this occurrence was in the 18th century. Rosslin's statement here might seem to indicate that the natural salt was observed earlier, and that the rocks on which it occurs were used for its production. However, the extraction of ammonium chloride from such rocks, though entirely feasible, would not yield it in useful quantities because of the scarcity of this salt in the natural state. N o detailed account of the production of ammonium chloride from volcanic rocks could be located, and all early accounts of its manufacture such as that of Geber (see below) show that it was obtained artificially. Rosslin's statement appears to have no real basis. Cf. Dana, pp. 249-250; Liischen, pp. 306-307.

188.6

Sal ammoniac cannot be made from common salt alone, but this salt may be one of the essential ingredients in a process for its manufacture. Such a process appears to have been first described by Geber 1 0 8 4 . He lists the ingredients for the manufacture of sal ammoniac as follows: 5 parts of human urine, 1 part of sweat, 1 part of common salt, and 1/2 part of wood soot. These were heated together until the water evaporated, and the dried residue was then heated more strongly to sublime out sal ammoniac, which was collected on a cool surface. The sublimate was dissolved in water and the heating procedure repeated in order to obtain the pure salt. The essential ingredients are the urine which furnishes ammonium ion from dissolved ammonia and ammonium salts, and the sodium chloride which furnishes chloride ion. These two ions unite to form ammonium chloride which is easily separated from all the other solid material because of its volatility. In similar later processes animal urine was more often the source of the ammonium ion.

188,12—13 A distillation involving only the dry salt cannot be meant here, for this would not yield a liquid product. Either a sal ammoniac solution was distilled or the dry salt was placed in the distilling flask and water in the receiver. If one or the other distillation was done in an unsealed apparatus, which seems certain, more ammonia than hydrogen chloride would escape through volatilization, with the result that the water in the receiver would be slightly acid from the presence of hydrochloric acid. What is recommended here, therefore, is the cleaning of teeth with very dilute hydrochloric acid, which is no doubt somewhat effective for this purpose but damaging to the teeth. 188,15 orlin oder oritzel: Cf. Hofler, p. 452, who cites Lonicerus (15 82) 1085 , for 'ohrlin' or 'oritzel'. Equivalent German terms are 'Ohrwurm', 'Ohrlaus', and 'Ohrling'. 1083 1084 1085

Ploss Salmiak, pp. 321-324. Darmstaedter Geber, pp. 105-106. Lonicerus Kreuterbuch 6,16.

315

Commentary

188,17 Schellwurtz safft: Juice from Chelidonium majus L. 190.1

holderol: Oil from Sambucus nigra L.

190.2

die maitzigen flecken: For 'maitzig', aussätzig, VI, 1516; Höfler, p. 391.

leprosus

see Lexer 1,2016; Dtw.

LXXXV 190,3.4 Weinsteyn, Tartarum: 'Tartarus/tartarum' is not documented in classical Latin. Goltz 1086 , however, makes it likely that Latin 'tartarus/tartarum' goes back to Greek tqotoqoc;. Goltz documents 'tartarum' as early as the 7th century ("Compositiones ad tingenda musiva") 1087 and the adjective 'tartaralis' for the 4th century (Pelagonius) 1088 . 'Sal tartre' occurs in Chaucer 1089 and also 'tartre' 1090 . From the 12th century on the term 'tartarus/tartarum' occurs regularly, designating wine stone which was considered a mineral till the chemical composition of the substance was determined. 'Tartarus' is for instance documented in the "Circa instans" 1091 ; in the list of Arends/Hickel/Schneider 1092 ; the Dispensatorium Viennense 1093 , the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1094 , Priiss 1095 , the "Gart der Gesundheit" 1096 , the German Hortus-manuscript of Breyell 1097 ; 'tartarum' in Minner 1098a ("tartarum, daz ist winstein"). Mhg. 'winstein' occurs approximately since the 13th century (cf. Lexer III, 913; Dtw. XIV, 1, 1, 992-994). See also 'weinstein', Peter von Ulm 1 0 9 8 and the "Gart der Gesundheit" 1096 ; 'winstein', Minner 1098a ; 'wynsteyn', the German Hortus-manuscript of Breyell 1097 . Cf. Keil Peter von Ulm, p. 485; Broszinski Minner Chirurgia, p. 314. Tartar is a light or dark red crystalline material deposited in wine casks during or after fermentation. Sometimes a distinction is made between the material deposited on the bottom (lees) and that which collects on the sides of the container or on top of the liquid as a crust (wine stone). Its principle constituent is potassium bitartrate. Because of its crystalline appearance and hardness it was

Goltz, pp. 2 8 5 - 2 8 6 . Compos. Luc. S 20; cf. Svennung, p. 75. loss Pelagon. 260. 1 0 8 9 Chaucer T. G 810 (16278). 1 0 9 0 Chaucer T. G 813 (16281). 1 0 9 1 Circa instans pp. 1 1 3 - 1 1 4 Wölfel. 1092 Warenlager p. 33 (No. 347). 1 0 9 3 Dispensatorium Vienn. 224 p. 70 Senfelder = p. 85 Zekert. 1 0 9 4 Hortus san. lap. 129. 1 0 9 5 Gart lb (Prüss, Straßburg) Stein. 129. 1 0 9 6 Gart la (Schönsperger, Augsburg 1485) 406. 1 0 9 7 Cf. Bessler Hortus-Manuskript, p. 255 (No. 349). loss p e t e r v o n u i m 1 7 2 . 1 9 7 Keil. 1098a Minner Thes. 399,1 Schmitz. 1086

1087

23

Rösslin: O n M i n e r a l s

316

Commentary

classed as a stone in medieval times, but it is, of course, not a mineral in the modern sense of the term. 190,5—6 This first sentence does not occur in Priiss, Rösslin's 1533 edition, or in early editions of the "Gart der Gesundheit". It seems to be an original statement on the part of Rösslin. 190.6

tauben (staves): Cf. Dtw. II, 829 s. v. Daube; XIV 1, 993 s. v. Weinstein.

190.7

Prüss 1 0 9 5 says that it is hot and dry in the third degree.

190,13 Diapenidion: This was an electuary prepared from a form of sugar variously known as 'penidium', 'penith', or 'penid'. Its name came from the Arabic 'fanid' or 'panid' meaning a sweet paste or cake sugar. 'Penidium' was prepared by first cooking ordinary sugar until it yielded threads on being tested. The hot mass was then poured on a greased plate, kneaded, drawn out, and twisted. Various drugs were added to make the electuary. In the 16th century the addition of powdered starch, almond oil, and tartar was usual. Cf. the list of Arends/Hickel/Schneider 1 0 9 9 ; the Dispensatorium Viennense 1100 . See also Dfg., 179b; Lippmann, pp. 165-167, 274.

LXXXVI 192,1

Terra sigillata: In a general way this medieval Latin term is equivalent to the 'sphragis' of Pliny 1 1 0 1 and to the Greek acpQayi? of Dioscorides 1102 and Galen 1 1 0 3 , for both these ancient names signify a cake of medicinal earth stamped with a seal. 'Terra sigillata' is not listed in the medieval lapidaries of Marbode and Albertus Magnus, but it occurs in such botanical and pharmaceutical works as Rufinus 1 1 0 4 , the Dispensatorium Viennense 1105 , Minner 1 1 0 6 , the list of Arends/Hickel/Schneider 1 1 0 7 , the "Gart der Gesundheit" 1 1 0 8 , the German Hortus-manuscript of Breyell 1109 , Priiss 1110 , and the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1111 . In his account of the medicinal earth of the island of Lemnos, Dioscorides 1102 states that this earth was mixed with goat's blood, formed into cakes, and stamped 1099 Warenlager p. 38 (No. 498) diapenidium; 34 (No. 387) saccharum penidii. 1100 Dispensatorium Vienn. 7 p. 10 Senfelder = p. 27 Zekert. 1101

Plin. nat. 35,33. Dsc. 5,97,1. 1103 Gal. De simpl. medicament, temp. 9,2. XII 169-174 Kühn. 1104 Rufinus pp. 3 1 3 - 3 1 4 Thorndike. 1105 Dispensatorium Vienn. 24 p. 16 Senfelder = p. 33 Zekert; Catal. simpl. 20 p. 135b Senfelder = p. 18b Zekert. 1106 Minner Chirurgia p. 58 Broszinski; Thes. 383,1 Schmitz, no? Warenlager p. 46 (No. 679). 1108 Gart la (Schönsperger, Augsburg 1485) 400. 1109 Cf. Bessler Hortus-Manuskript, p. 254 (No. 346). 1110 Gart lb (Priiss, Straßburg) Stein. 130. 1111 Hortus san. lap. 130. 1102

Commentary

317

with the image of a goat, but Galen found that in his day goat's blood was not used and that the cakes were stamped with the image of Diana, to whom the goat is sacred. Ancient authors do not say that designs were stamped on cakes of medicinal earth coming from other sources, but it is not unlikely that this was done. N o information appears to exist as to what design or designs were stamped on cakes of terra sigillata in medieval or early modern times. The apparent purpose of stamping characteristic designs on cakes of medicinal earths was to indicate their genuineness. Terra sigillata is not the same as Lemnian medicinal earth, for this is reddish in color, whereas terra sigillata is a white earth, as is indicated by the synonyms of 'terra sigillata' listed in this chapter. Cf. Bailey Plin. nat., vol. 2, pp. 209—211; Liischen, pp. 317—318; Broszinski Minner Chirurgia, p. 304. 192.2

Terra hispanica: Rufinus 1 1 1 2 lists 'terra yspanensis'. This was the name given to a white medicinal earth found in Spain.

192.3

Lett: Cf. Chapter XV and the Commentary on it.

192.4

Weisser Bolus: Late Latin bolus is a Latinised form of Greek ßwXog, meaning clod of earth. 'Weisser Bolus' denotes a white earthy clay.

192.5

Versigelt weiß erd: This term also shows that 'terra sigillata' was a white earth of some sort, probably an earthy clay.

192,20 die betruglichen geschwer: Cf. "Hortus Sanitatis" 1111 : "et curat vlcera fraudulenta: etiam si fuerint sórdida".

LXXXVII 194,10.11.12 Zigelsteyn, equivalent 'later' includes ceramic 1103; Dfg. 320a,

Tegula, Later: In a narrow sense 'Ziegelstein' and the Latin mean only building brick. In a wider sense 'Ziegelstein' also tile, especially roof tile, called 'tegula' in Latin. Cf. Lexer III, 545b; Dtw. XV,916.

194.16 mit den plastern: Priiss so translated the corresponding 'cum cerotis' of the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" 1113 . Not common plaster is meant here, but a medicinal plaster made by blending beeswax vegetable oils or fats, in other words, cerate. 194.17 trfisen: A general term embracing a variety of glandular swellings, abscesses, and sores. Cf. Lexer 1,472 s. v. druos, driiese; Dtw. II, 1458—1460; Höfler, pp. 102-103. LXXXVII I 196,1

Topasius: The name is probably of eastern origin. Latin 'topazus', '-os' and 'topazius', '-ion' is borrowed from Greek xóna^og or xojtáí^iov (Agatharchides 1112 1113 23' 1

Rufinus p. 89 Thorndike. Hortus san. lap. 131.

318

Commentary

De mari Erythraeo 1114 ; Diodorus Siculus 1115 ; Dionysius Periegetes1116). Pliny 1117 uses 'topazus'. Variants in medieval lapidaries include 'topazion' (Isidore 1118 ; Marbode 1119 ; Arnold of Saxony 1120 ; Vincent of Beauvais 1121 ; "Hortus Sanitatis" 1122 ); 'topasion' (Albertus Magnus 1123 ); 'topasion' (Heinrich von Miigeln 1124 );'topazius' (Bartholomew 1125 ; Megenberg1126 [ var. 'topazi']); 'topazjus' (Volmar 1127 ); 'thopasius' (the St. Florianer Steinbuch1128 1 07); 'topasius' (Volmar 1127 ). For numerous other variants, as for instance 'topazje' or 'topaze' which are derived from French forms, or for 15th century 'topas' and Luther's 'topaser', see Schade, pp. 1432-1435; Liischen, pp. 333-334. The identity of the stone or stones known by these names varied at different times. According to Agatharchides1114 the stone is transparent, resembles glass, and has a golden color. On the other hand, Pliny reported 'topazus' to be a greenish stone that was found on the island called Topazus (the present St. John's Island) in the Red Sea. This locality makes the identity of his 'topazus' almost certain, for chrysolite, especially in the form of peridot, is known to occur on this island. Pliny 1117 also says that recent authorities recognize two varieties of this stone, one, the prasoides (leek-like) and the other chrysopteros (goldenfeathered). These two varieties appear to correspond to olivine, the green variety of chrysolite, and peridot, the yellowish-green kind. Furthermore, Pliny remarks that topazus is rather soft and does not have to be smoothed with emery as do other gemstones. This too indicates chrysolite, which has a hardness below that of quartz, about 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Although the authors of the Latin medieval lapidaries also state that there are two varieties of this stone, they do not say that either one was green. Instead, they state that one resembles gold or is very much like gold, and that the other has a similar but paler, weaker, or more transparent color. If their descriptions of the first variety are taken literally, it must have been a golden-yellow opaque stone having a metallic luster, a set of properties that apply to pyrite, but if their descriptions are taken to refer only to color then the stone could have been a golden-yellow topaz. Their meager and ambiguous descriptions of the second variety could apply to pale topaz or citrine Agatharch. Erythr. 82. D.S. 3,39,5. 1 1 1 6 D.P. 1121. 1 1 1 7 Plin. nat. 2 4 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 9 . 1 1 4 . 1 1 1 8 Isid. orig. 16,5,9. 1 1 1 9 Marb. Red. lap. 13 = 2 0 5 - 2 1 4 Riddle. 1 1 2 0 Arnold. Saxo fin. 3,75. 1 1 2 1 Vine. Bellovac. nat. 8,105. 1 1 2 2 Hortus san. lap. 132. 1 1 2 3 Albert. M. miner. 2,2,18. 1 1 2 4 Heinr. Mug. Dom 33,1 Kube. 1 1 2 5 Barth. Angl. propr. 16,96. 1126 Megenberg Nat. 6,77. 1 1 2 7 Volmar Steinb. 85 Lambel = 79 Biisching. 1128 Florianer Steinbuch 107. 1114 1115

Commentary

196,2

319

quartz. The problem of the topasius of Rösslin is complicated by the description of topazius given by Agricola 1 1 2 9 which depends largely o n Pliny; as a consequence his description of topazius as a green stone with yellow glow is strongly indicative of peridot. Because of these various contradictions, the identity of Rösslin's topasius must remain uncertain. Cf. Bandy and Bandy Agricola foss., pp. 128, 232; Dana, p. 277; Wyckoff Albert. M . miner., p. 122. The immediate source of this statement is Priiss 1 1 3 0 . Rösslin failed to include a subsequent passage in which Priiss describes another variety of this stone.

196.3—4 A n y cold stone of sufficient weight dropped into a small volume of boiling water will cause the water to stop boiling, but anyone attempting to withdraw the stone immediately may well have his hand scalded. However, Albertus Magnus states that a member of his order in Paris found that he could withdraw the stone. Probably this experimenter waited a short time before he attempted to d o so. The late meaning of the word 'statim', which Albertus Magnus 1 1 2 3 uses in writing about the withdrawal of the stone, may be significant, for this word could have meant soon or afterwards rather than immediately as it does in classical Latin. 196.4—6 This observed phenomenon was probably the appearance of spectral colors caused by the refraction of sunlight through a prismatic crystal. The same statement occurs in the Lübeck edition of the " G a r t der Gesundheit" (1402) 1131 .

LXXXIX 196,9—10 Türckisz, Turchois: The stone was first found in Turkestan and was named "Turkish stone". 'Türckisz' and 'turchois' go back to the O F . adjective form 'turqueis', later 'turquois', f r o m Low Latin 'Turcus', a Turk, which is from Tatar 'turk'. 'Turcois' occurs in Arnold of Saxony 1 1 3 2 and Vincent of Beauvais 1133 ; 'turchois' in Albertus Magnus 1 1 3 4 ); 'turkoyse' in Wolfram 1 1 3 5 ; 'turkois' and 'turkas' in Volmar 1 1 3 6 . For other forms see Schade, p. 1436. Turquoise was very probably k n o w n under some other name or names in ancient times. The 'callaina' 1 1 3 7 of Pliny was almost certainly our turquoise. The two separate descriptions in Rösslin's text cover fairly well the color variations of turquoise, which is a hydrous aluminum phosphate containing a small

1129

Agricola foss. 6 p. 291 - 2 9 2 . Gart lb (Priiss, Straßburg) Stein. 132. 1131 Gart lb (Amdes, Lübeck 1492) 657. 1132 Arnold. Saxo fin. 3,76. U33 v ; n c Bellovac. nat. 8,106. 1134 Albert. M. miner. 2,2,18.

1130

1135

Wolfr. Parz. 741,6.

1136 Volmar Steinb. 551 Lambel = 543 Büsching. 1137 Plin. nat. 37,110-112.

320

Commentary

proportion of copper. Cf. Schade, p. 1436; D t w . XI 1, 2, 1862—1864; Lüschen, p. 337. 196,12 er wachset: O n e of the medieval theories about stones in that they are generated and grow in ways analogous to those observed in animals and plants (cf. Adams, pp. 7 7 - 1 3 6 ) . 196,14.19 vnfellen, zufellen probably have to be taken literally as falling, falling down, since the sources repeatedly mention that turquoise protects f r o m falls (Volmar 1 1 3 8 for instance).

XC 198,1—3 Spongrün. Viride aeris. Aerugo: 'Spongriin' occurs in various forms, e . g . 'spongrien' (Prüss 1 1 3 9 ; Suff 1 1 4 0 ; 'spongrüni' (Minner 1 1 4 1 [var. 'spongrün']); 'spangrün' (Minner 1 1 4 2 ); 'spangrien' (Paracelsus 1143 ); 'spongrien' (Paracelsus 1144 ); 'spangrün' (Paracelsus 1145 ); 'spanschgruen (Agricola [1546] 1146 ). It is a loan word of Late Latin 'viride hispanicum', which means a green color of Spanish origin, but it probably came to stand for an identical or similar color imported from any foreign source. By transposition it was altered to 'Grünspan' (cf. Ruland, p. 15; 'griinspan', Peter von Ulm 1 1 4 7 ; 'grünespan', Paracelsus 1148 ). Both Agrícola 1 1 4 6 and Ruland list it as being equivalent to Latin 'viride aeris' and aerugo'. Cf. also Keil Peter von Ulm, p. 394; Weimann Fachsprache, p. 316. 'Aerugo' is formed from Latin 'aes' and is used by Pliny 1 1 4 8 3 and most later Latin authors ('erugo' for instance in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" 1 1 4 9 ). The equivalent Greek term 105 occurs in Theophrastus 1 1 5 0 and Dioscorides 1 1 5 1 . For 'viride aeris' see also the Dispensatorium Viennense 1 1 5 2 , the list of Arends/Hickel/ Schneider 1 1 5 3 . For 'viride eris', Suff 1 1 5 4 . Cf. also Lexer II, 1068 s. v. spangriien; 1138

Volmar Steinb. 551-556 Lambel. Gart lb (Prüss, Straßburg) Stein. 138. 1140 Suff Glossar p. 116 Broszinski. 1141 Minner Chirurgia pp. 56.71 Broszinski. 1142 Minner Thes. 184,1 Schmitz. 1143 Paracels. Impost. 1,10 p. 793 Sudhoff. 1144 Paracels. Vorlesung von Apostemen 1,28 p. 257 Sudhoff. 1145 Paracels. Bertheonei 2,6 p. 147 Sudhoff. 1146 Agri c o l a epist. ad. Meur. s. v. Spanschgruen. U47 p e t e r v o n uijjj )52 1 5 6 197 Keil. 1148 Paracels. De nat. rer. 5 p. 335 Sudhoff. 1148 Plin. nat. 34,110-116. 1149 Hortus san. lap. 138. 1150 Theophr. lap. 57. 1,51 Dsc. 5,79,1. 1152 Dispensatorium Vienn. 374 p. 115 Senfelder = p. 126 Zekert; Catal. simpl. 18 p. 134a Senfelder = p. 17b Zekert. US3 Warenlager p. 33 (No. 358). 1154 Suff Glossar p. 116 Broszinski. 1139

Commentary

321

I, 1099 s. v. griinespan; Adelung IV, 538; D t w . IV 1, 6, 9 6 0 - 9 6 1 ; X 1, 1881-1882; Kluge-Gotze, s. v. Griinspan; Goltz, pp. 135-136, 2 5 6 - 2 5 7 ; Weimann Fachsprache, p. 487. 198,4

Kupffer rost: This means a natural corrosion product formed by the weathering of metallic copper. Cf. Adelung I, 1483.

198,5—6 The names listed at the head of this chapter were given to various green copper compounds or mixtures of these compounds. The kind that was dug up is mentioned by Dioscorides 1 1 5 4 3 as being found as a mineral, and by Pliny 1 1 5 5 as being scraped off the stone from which copper was smelted. Probably this kind was almost always malachite, basic copper carbonate, though chrysocolla, copper silicate is a possibility. W h y it should be called the best is not clear. Perhaps the manufactured kind was often adulterated, a practice described in some detail by both Dioscorides 1 1 5 5 3 and Pliny 1 1 5 6 . It is not certain from Rosslin's statement, or from the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" 1 1 4 9 , whether the second kind was scraped off a copper ore (cf. Pliny 1 1 5 5 ) or from naturally corroded copper. The former seems more likely since no ancient or medieval author says specifically that such corroded copper was a source of the product. The problem of the source of this second kind is further confused because Dioscorides lists 105 §110x65 (scraped-off verdigris) as a variety that was obtained by scraping plates of copper that had been artificially corroded with vinegar. N o t only was such verdigris the result of manufacture, but its composition was different from that of any natural copper compound. The third, or manufactured kind, listed by Rosslin must have been one of the basic copper acetates, a mixture of such acetates, or a mixture containing either of these as a principal component. Various methods for the manufacture of verdigris are described by ancient authors. Theophrastus, writing in the late fourth century B. C . , states that copper is placed over residues f r o m grapes, probably fermented marc, to form verdigris which was later scraped off the copper. Dioscorides and Pliny give more details about this method of manufacture. Another method described by these two authors is to hang a copper plate over vinegar in a cask, and to scrape off the accumulated verdigris after several days. The clearest and most detailed ancient account for making verdigris by corroding copper with vinegar is contained in the Stockholm Papyrus 1 1 5 7 . In still another ancient method vinegar was sprinkled over copper filings until the metal was all consumed. The method of making verdigris by corroding copper with fermented marc has been extensively practiced in the wine districts of France throughout most of modern times, and this may well have been the principal method in use in Rosslin's day. Cf. Bailey Plin. nat., v o l . 2 , 171; Caley and Richards Theophr. lap., pp. 191 — 193; Thorpe, vol. 1, p. 24; Ullmann Chemie, vol. 4, p. 676.

1154

Dsc. 5,79,3. Plin. nat. 34,110. " 5 5 ° Dsc. 5,79,4. 1156 Plin. nat. 34,112. 1157 P H o l m . if$ 1 0 - 2 1 Lagercrantz; cf. the notes on it pp. 1 9 4 - 1 9 5 .

1155

322

Commentary

198,12—13 The Lübeck edition of the "Gart" (1492) 11S8 is much clearer: "Mit honnige olye vnde wasse tempereret: vordriuen se de naren. Se helen stinckende vule wunden". 198.12 schnatten: 'Schnat', 'Schnatte' means weals or scars and is an Upper German form. Cf. Lexer II, 1025 s . v . snate, snatte; Götze, p. 192 s . v . schnatte; Dtw. IX, 1192. 198.13 armoniaci: 'Ammoniacum' (Lat.), 'Ammoniakgummi' (Nhg.), a gumresinous exudation from Dorema ammoniacum Don. See also the note to line 18. 198,15 anmale: Skin blemishes of various sorts, such as moles, pock marks, and scars. Cf. Dtw. I, 405; Götze, p. 11; Höfler, p. 388. 198,15 lauter: Cf. "Hortus Sanitatis" 1159 'attenuant'; "Gart" (Lübeck 1492) 1158 'dünne'. 198.18 sal ammoniaco: This term, which goes back through Priiss 1160 to the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1159 , appears to be an error resulting from a confusion between the names of ammoniac ('armoniaci', line 13) the gum, and sal ammoniac ('sal armoniac', Chapter LXXXII) the salt. The passage in the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1159 reads as follows: "Fistulas admixto sale ^moniaco medicatur". This statement is ascribed to Dioscorides 1161 , but this author actually says that verdigris was mixed with ammoniac (the gum) for the treatment of fistulas. There is in fact no evidence that sal ammoniac was known at the time of Dioscorides. Furthermore, a suitable salve or suppository for the treatment of fistulas could easily have been made by mixing verdigris with a soft gum but not by mixing it with a dry salt. 198.19 den groben: The word 'den' is an error or misprint. Rösslin, 1550 edition (XLIX) says correctly: "hilfft auch dem groben".

XCI 200,3

Chemical analyses of glasses made in Central Europe in the Middle Ages indicate that they were usually potash-lime glasses, the ingredients for which are silica sand, limestone, and vegetable ashes of some sort. The much less common lead glasses were made by combining silica and lead oxide (PbO). The fine earth mentioned here must have been finely divided silica of some kind, possibly diatomaceous earth. Apparently in the process mentioned in this sentence lead was melted in the presence of silica and a good supply of air so that the lead was converted to oxide, which then combined with the silica to form the glass. This is a much slower process than the modern one of combining silica directly with lead oxide to form lead glass. Rösslin and Priiss 1162 , like all writers from ancient to early modern times who touch on the subject of glass manufacture, fail to give exact information as 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162

Gart lb (Arodes, Lübeck 1492) 682. Hortus san. lap. 138. Gart lb (Priiss, Strassburg) Stein. 138. Dsc. 5,79,10. Gart lb (Priiss, Strassburg) Stein. 139.

Commentary

323

to how glass was made, which is not surprising since glassmakers have generally guarded the details of their processes as trade secrets. Nevertheless, Agricola 1 1 6 3 gives a fairly satisfactory account of how glass was manufactured in Germany in the middle of the 16th century. The use of the ashes of ferns, thistles, and other common field plants in glass manufacture is mentioned by Priiss and also by Agricola, but Agricola says much more about the use of ashes made from the wood of trees, especially oak trees. It seems not unlikely that the use of ashes of small plants was an earlier practice than the use of ashes from trees. 200,13

ol sambucion (elder oil)-. Oil obtained from some plant of the genus Sambucus. However, in Ròsslin's editions of 1540, 1542, 1546, and 1550 the reading is 'Wech(h)olter 61(e)' (juniper oil). Moreover, Ròsslin describes this oil as being an important product of the juniper ('Wegholder', 'Wechholder', 'Iuniperus') but fails to mention any oil as coming from the elder ('Holder', 'Sambucus') in his chapters on these plants in his various editions. Pritzel-Jessen Volksnamen, p. 361, lists under Sambucus nigra L. the popular names 'Wahsholdir', 'Washolder', and under Sambucus racemosa L. 'Waldholder' (Bock 1 1 6 4 ). 'Oleum Sambuci' is also listed by Arends/Hickel/Schneider 1165 . There may be some confusion in nomenclature here. The fact is that junipers are an important source of essential oils, whereas members of the elder family are not.

202,6

Ròsslin omits the following sentence in Priiss 1 1 6 2 , " E s mocht auch kein stein on sy werden/ besonder one saltz" (Also no stone can come into existence without them, especially without salt). This statement originates from the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1 1 6 6 and from Priiss, both texts citing "Alchimists" as authority for their information. The " a r t " (German 'kunst', Latin 'ars') referred to here is apparently that of the alchemists, who considered salt to be one of the fundamental elements or principles of all substances. In Ròsslin's 1550 edition the corresponding sentence is less esoteric, for it reads: "Mit saltz vnd glafi werden vii kiinst zuwegen bracht".

XCII 202.7

Victrill: 'Victrill' as well as 'victril' on p. 202 line 9; p. 204 line 2, 'victriol' on p. 202 lines 13, 14, 'vitriol' on p. 204 line 6 and Mhg. 'vitriel', 'vitriol' are derived from Latin 'vitriolum'. The Mhg. forms date from the 13th century. Cf. Lexer III, 375; Dtw. X I I , 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 .

202.8

Vitriolum: This term is derived from Latin 'vitreus', expressing the glassy appearance of vitriol crystals (see Kiechle, p. 45). It is documented from the ii63 Agricola metall. 12 p. 4 7 0 - 4 7 7 ; cf. Hoover Agricola metall., pp. 5 8 4 - 5 9 2 . Bock Kreutterbuch 3,24; cf. Hoppe, p. 352. lies Warenlager p. 41 (No. 559). 1 1 6 6 Hortus san. lap. 139. 1144

324

202,8

202,8

Commentary

7th century (Compositiones ad tingenda musiva 1167 ), but Lippmann 1 1 6 8 believes that the term may have been in use earlier, for Pliny 1 1 6 9 remarks that the crystals were deposited like glassy berries and may be mistaken for glass (vitrum). The medieval Latin form is 'vitreolum' (Albertus Magnus 1170 ). Cf. Goltz, pp. 153, 184, 191-192, 199, 210. In late medieval and early modern times 'vitriolum' and 'vitriol' included (a) crystals of hydrated copper sulphate ( C u S 0 4 • 5 H 2 0 ) , (b) crystals of hydrated ferrous sulphate (FeS0 4 • 7 H 2 0 ) , or (c) mixed crystals containing both these salts. Such crystals were prepared by leaching a weathered sulphide mineral of copper or iron with water, boiling the resulting solution to remove the excess of water, and allowing the crystals to separate spontaneously from the concentrated solution. When chalcocite (copper sulphide) was used as the starting material, the product was nearly pure hydrated copper sulphate, when marcasite or pyrite (iron sulphide) was used it was nearly pure hydrated iron sulphate, but when the starting material was bornite or chalcopyrite (copper iron sulphide) it was a mixture of the two salts, unless some method of separation was employed. The first clear and detailed account of the procedures used for making vitriol is contained in the "Pirotechnia" of Biringuccio 1171 published in 1540. Cf. Bailey Plin nat., vol. 2, pp. 178—180; Hoover and Hoover Agricola metall., p. 572. Colcotar: From Late Greek xa^Kudgtov 1 1 7 2 or xodKixaQiv and Arab, 'galgatar' Cf. Lippmann, Alchemie, vol. 1, p p . 4 2 , 414; Goltz, pp. 282—285. Variants include 'calcotar' and 'calcatar' (Priiss 1173 ). Colcotar had various meanings (cf. Ruland, p. 163). In the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1 1 7 4 it is described as a mineral that changes to green vitriol (hydrated ferrous sulphate), and this is probably how Rosslin understands it. However, it more commonly meant the solid residue left in a distillation flask or retort, especially the reddish iron oxide residue from the dry distillation of iron sulphate for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Cf. O E D II 1, s. v. colcothar. Chalcitis: From Greek XCIXKITIS (Dioscorides 1175 ) and Arab, 'galadis'. 'Chalcitis' is the corresponding Latin term as used by Pliny 1176 , medieval writers, and some early modern writers such as Agricola 1177 . The variant 'calcitis' appears in the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1174 . Cf. Goltz, pp. 282-285. The descriptions given by Dioscorides 1175 , Pliny 1176 , and Agricola 1177 indicate that chalcitis meant certain weathered copper ores or minerals, especially 1.67 1.68 1.69 1170 1,71 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177

C o m p . Luc. E 17.21, G 21; cf. Svennung, p p . 4 7 - 4 8 . Lippmann Alchemie, vol. 1, p. 42. Plin. nat. 34,123. Albert. M. miner. 5,3. Biringuccio Pir. 2,5. LSJ Suppl., p. 149. Gart l b (Priiss, Strassburg) Stein. 140. H o r t u s san. lap. 140. Dsc. 5,99,1. Plin. nat. 34,2,117-119; 35,186. Agricola foss. 1 p. 172.180.

Commentary

325

weathered bornite and chalcopyrite (copper iron sulphides). When these minerals become weathered by exposure to air and moisture, chalcanthite (hydrated copper sulphate) and melanterite (hydrated ferrous sulphate) form on their surfaces. In a sense these weathered minerals are very crude or impure forms of vitriol from which a pure vitriol may be obtained by extraction with water. 'Calcitis' and 'colcotar' appear to be synonomous terms in the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1 1 7 8 . Since 'colcotar' was said to yield green vitriol (hydrated ferrous sulphate), any copper present in the aqueous extract from the weathered minerals must have been removed when only green vitriol was desired. Agricola 1 1 7 9 describes just how this unwanted copper was removed. Iron strips were thrown into the aqueous extract before crystallization, which caused the copper to collect on the iron by displacement, leaving only iron sulphate in solution. Cf. Bailey Plin. nat., vol. 2, pp. 175—176; Berendes Dsc., p. 528; Dana, pp. 147—148, 152, 197-198. 202,9—10 The three phrases ending with the virgule in line 5 do not occur in Rosslin's 1533 edition or in Priiss 1 1 7 3 . This part of the text may be an original introductory statement by Rosslin. 202.9

einer blae der ander gelb: The blue kind was either hydrated copper sulfate or a mixed salt containing this compound in considerable proportion. Biringuccio 1 1 7 1 names Cyprian vitriol as the kind that has a lovely blue-green color. Biringuccio also mentions a kind of vitriol from Germany that was somewhat yellowish in color. This was probably iron vitriol that had become superficially oxidized and contained both ferrous and ferric sulphates.

202.10 Alaun bergen: Alaunberge are hilly or mountainous localities where deposits of alum shale or alunogen occur. Biringuccio 1 1 8 0 mentions localities of this kind in Italy that were important in the second quarter of the 16th century. Marcasite or pyrite commonly occurs in deposits of alum shale and these minerals when weathered can be used to produce iron vitriol. 202,11 der goltfarbe: Apparently this is the same as the yellow kind mentioned on p. 202 line 9. 202,16 quint: An abbreviation of 'quintlin'. According to Hoover's tables 1 1 8 1 this weight is a fourth of a 'lot' and is equal to 56.4 grains Troy (3.66 grams). Babylonisch vitriol: The statement about this variety goes back through Priiss 204,6 to the "Hortus Sanitatis" 1 1 7 4 where the medieval "Dyascoridis" is cited as the authority. Babylonian vitriol is not mentioned by the Greek writer Dioscorides or by Pliny. Biringuccio 1 1 7 1 lists it as one of the recognized kinds of vitriol but he does not describe it.

1178 1179 1180 1181

Hortus san. lap. 140. Agricola metall. 12. Biringuccio Pir. 2,6. Hoover Agricola metall., App. C, p. 617.

326

Commentary

204,10 im wasser distilliert ist: The distillation of a solution of a vitriol would yield only distilled water unless the dry salt residue left in the still were heated stongly enough to cause decomposition of the vitriol. In this event sulphur trioxide would pass over into the receiver and the distilled liquid would be a dilute solution of sulphuric acid.

XCIII 204,14 Zignites: Neither 'zignites' (Hortus Sanitatis 1182 ; Megenberg 1 1 8 3 ; Arnold of Saxony 1 1 8 4 ), nor the variant 'zigrites' (Albertus Magnus 1 1 8 5 ) are documented in ancient works. For that reason Matthew Silvaticus 1186 suggests that 'zignites' is a corruption of 'lychnites', which Pliny 1 1 8 7 uses for a white marble (cf. Schade, p. 1440). More likely it is a corruption of 'lychnis' (var. 'lychnites', 'lichinites') described by Pliny 1 1 8 8 as a red, scarlet, or purple gemstone. The names of the localities where it was found make it probable that the red kind was garnet and possibly ruby. The other two kinds were probably varieties of tourmaline, as is indicated by their pyroelectric and electrostatic behavior mentioned by Pliny. However, it is difficult to reconcile the accounts of the ancient lychnites or lychnis with the description of zignites given by Albertus Magnus 1 1 8 5 , Arnold of Saxony 1 1 8 4 , Megenberg 1 1 8 3 , and Rosslin unless it is assumed that an exceptional degree of corruption occurred in the successive accounts over the years. Other suggestions as to the origin of 'zignites', like that of Wyckoff 1 1 8 9 , seem even less plausible and contribute nothing towards the identification of the stone. Regardless of the possible past history of the name 'zignites', the works of Albertus Magnus 1 1 8 S , Arnold of Saxony 1 1 8 4 , Megenberg 1 1 8 3 , and Rosslin must have made this name well known as one that denoted some glass-like stone that was both colorless and transparent. It may seriously be doubted that such a stone ever had any real existence, but even if it did, no identification is possible from the meager description given in the works of these authors.

Hortus san. lap. 144. usa Megenberg Nat. 6,82. 1 1 8 4 Arnold. Saxo fin. 3,81. 1 1 8 5 Albert. M. miner. 2,2,20. 1 1 8 6 Matth. Silvat. pand. 487. 1 1 8 7 Plin. nat. 36,14. 1 1 8 8 Plin. nat. 3 7 , 1 0 3 - 1 0 4 . 1189 Wy C koff Albert. M. miner., p. 125. 1182

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- flir bit viifcjciwpKit tI)ieiVivibcrl'iicff/I).iöci-uiib rjiß.-Aiiilaiiff ber faiiMfeiutibL>í>(ch jceiffo. mitcö;|cm Gey» ivcrb:»a»bcrc|iíy»i» ^m'd>!ócI)crr/.:Ui r:«coöcr líiveitíwtt. 3 ¡ t fltli|c cmfcfmMrijtr(lcyiiniitw«'|7«t áí>ahii/\?imbtvürc|ailciitailberbcogt« iVblccbts timber»» viltlcy»er/bergleídíift bCIItCOWll. Q.:o bate gcfcbiccbc it)4d;pcbcrntcrtr« tl>cyl in bo- i»|v.:¡Tlr/iimiptrtl6brtIbbci>|'d;incroci»!)li». löfltofliii vffbietviiiibgclcge/obbcruti' traite" mit ivei» gebe»/!?cylt ber fd;lit»gcn bif/(úaiMgeiim.icbttvi«lrcbcM/ivcí|"c/líct» lid; viibaiigcitcm. (Stiegt ji'i ben [>iiipcciicit;ù fcblaffcnöirt jeygt er vilci'ley bilbiiiigeitbcr t r í u m . (Bdíjrtcc^ínfccptu G.ig.i;cs. Karibc. 2((jfrcy». Scel SdiiV4rg^2(g|t aben(d)t aben(d)t n. m. (des — dts) 104,2 (am — nt) 140.2 aber* conj. 54,11.14 60,16 62,6 64,7 often abetzen v. w. pres. ind. (ab etzet) 96,3—4 (-et . . . abe) 110,15 (etzt . . . ab) 136.3 inf. 96,19 abfallen v. s. pres. ind. (feilet ab) 96,21 abgehn v. s. pres. ind. (geht . . . abe) 162,7 inf. 96,8 164,11 abgiessen v. s. pres. itif. (-n) 152, 19 imp. (geuß . . . ab) 152,18 abheben v. s. pres. imp. (-e . . ab) 110,8 abkom(m)en v. s. pres. ind. (-kompt) 96,11 (-kommet) 96,23 subj. (-komm) 96,12 (-komme) 96,18 abnehmen v. s. pres. inf. 110,1 abreiben v. s. pres. inf. subst. (das — n) 128,10 abschaben v. w. pres. ind. (-bet) 198,5 abschabet n. neut. 176,14 abscheren v. s. pres. inf. (abzuscheren) 170,13-14 abschlagen v. s.pres. inf. 58,19—20 abschneiden v. s. pres. ind. (schneidet ab) 126,6 abseihen v. w. pres. imp. (seihe . . . ab) 110.4 absieden v. s. pass. past part. (-gesotten) 110,11 absyinthius n. m. (-synth-) 62,3 (-sinth-) 62,12.18

abwaschen v. s. pres. imp. (wesch . . . ab) 96,11 — 12 — pass. past part. (-geweschen) 126,8 (-gewaschen) 154,10 abziehen v. s. pres. ind. (-zeuhet) 172,5 achsel n. f . (lincke) 112,8 - pl. (gestank vnder den -n) 152,5 (fratte) 188,2 acht num. 176,14 achten v. w. pres. ind. (acht) 164,6 — pass. pres. ind. (ist . . . geacht/als) 200,10

acker n. m. pl. 126,2 adamant n. m. 54,5 156,7 adamas n. m. 54,6.9 64,5 ader n. f . (-r oder fundgrüb) 70,15 (der erden) 74,12 102,5 (des Steynes) 154,15 (des steins) 172,4 (weiss) 64,7 — pl. 56,10 (weit breite) 140,13 (zerschlagene) 188,2 aderfluß n. m. pl. (gulden) 78,1 iderlin n. neut. pl. (weisse) 56,7 (verborgen) 68,13 adler n. m. 138,12 (steyn) 70,14 adlersteyn n. m. 70,11 aerugo n. f . 198,3 aes n. neut. (viride aeris) 198,2 (aes ustum) 136,4.8.9.11-12 affter n. m. 74,15 agapis n. m. 56,5 agat n. m. 54,1 agathes n. m. 56,4.5.13 138,13 aggrega(tor) n. m. 100,1 agstein, agsteyn, augsteyn n. m. (agsteyn) 58.3 154,3 (augsteyn) 60,1.6.9 (agstein) 138,3 180,1 (geel agsteyn) 58.4 (schwartz agsteyn) 58,5 (weiß agsteyn) 58,6 - pl. (augsteyn) 60,9 al:f (inflected aller, alle, alles) pron. adj. 52,7.9.11 92,18 often (über allen seinn leib) 82,9 (all morgen) 124,17 - subst. use pl. 160,4 198,5 204,3 - adv. use (aller best) 62,6 66,18 92,7 142,12 172,17 (allerbest) 68,9 (aller k6stlichest) 106,4 (allermeist) 178,4 (allermeyst) 62,8 156,4 198,7 (aller schlechtest vnd schneidest) 62,6—7 (aller wüsten vnd schnodisten) 66,10 —> allerhandt, alle samen, allwegen, alweg, alzeit alabandina n. f . 60,15 alabastrites n. m. 62,1.4.14 alaun n. m. 80,7.8.10.14 82,1.5.11.13.15. 17.19 (aller) 84,7

Index Verborum of the German Text alaun berg n. m. pl. 203,10 al(l)aun wasser n. neut. (alaun wasser) 84,2.3 (allaun wasser) 84,6 albeston n. m. 70,7.8 albus adj. (arsenicum -um) 94,6 (corallus -us) 124,3 alkumist n. m. pl. 104,12 allectorius n. m. 64,13.14 allein, -eyn adv. (alleyn) 68,9 106,8 116,13 (allein) 86,5 114,18 (allein) 138,1 (on allein das; = außer) 98,5 allerbest —> al allerhandt adv. 52,5 allermeist, -meyst —> al alle samen adv. 166,11 al(l)weg(en) adv. (allwegen) 94,17 (alweg) 202,5 als*, also* 1 adv. dem. adv. for comparison before adj.: (also hen) 54,11 (also feste) 74,3 (als vil) 82,5 108,21 114,10 (als lang vnd vil) 114,11-12 (also gut) 192,11 often before adv.: als bald ( = sofort) 56,14 92,7 130,3 142,3 154,5 modifying a verb: (so) 92,14 96,4.5 108,7 108,15 114,9.11 150,2 152,6.15 174,16 192,23 196,12 often als - als (so - wie) 86,5 108,5 als lang (bis) 182,8 2 conj. adverbial and subordinating conj., mostly for comparison; = nhg. wie, als ob, so wie 52,7.27 54,20 60,17 64,5.8 66,7 72,8 (bis) 82,2 86,20 94,1 100,13.16 102,7 110,8 112,11 126,19 130,1 152,21 160,8.10 166,7 168,2 172,12 172,16.19 176,12 178,2 181,7 190,2 192,12 194,1 198,14 200,10 rel. als dann 82,7 also das ( = so daß) 78,15 82,11 90,9 96,4. 12.17. 21 108,16 118,7 142,13 146,15 158,8 176,9 178,11 als ob 106,11 134, 14 als so ( = als ob) 196,15 al(l)t adj. (bóser - husten) 96,2 (kat) 92,1 (podagra) 162,4 (schaden) 192,24 (Schäden) 108,10.18 (weisen) 68,1 n. pl. m. (die Alten) 126,1 (die alten) 176, 2 (des vogels) 114,1 alter n. neut. 178,13 alumen n. neut. 84,12 (-n liquidum) 80,9 (-n plumosum) 80,9 (-n rotundum) 80,8 (-n scissum) 80,8 (-n zuccarinum) 80,8 alweg —» al(l)weg(en) alzeit adv. 86,2 amandinus n. m. 62,2.11.16

357

amet(h)ist n. m. (-thist) 52,8.26 66,4.6 68,6 (-tist) 66,18 166,10 amet(h)istus n. m. (-thistus) 66,5 (-tistus) 68,3 an* prep. witb dat. 54,17 58,9 60,7 68,12 94,12 96,6.9.11 98,6.13 often (am) 60,3 92,9 96,10 124,7 140,2 often witb acc. (an) 56,1 (ann) 138,17 ancke n. f. pl. 168,13 andechtig adj. 174,4 ander" 1 pron. adj. 54,10.21 66,13 86,1.9 88,8 often 2 ord. num. in tbe sense of "second" (grad) 60,3 74,5 102, 108,1 124,8 148,13 156,16 164,9 (tag) 96,11 - subst. 124,7 144,2 198,5 in tbe sense of Lat. "alter" one of two der, das, ein, einer — den, das ander; die andern 94,9 104,21 124,11-12 146,7.10 162,3 202,9 —» anders conj. anders conj. 96,13 andromanta n. f. 64,1.4 ane komen v. s. pres. ind. (kompt . . . ane) 114,6 anfang n. m. 74,5 angenem adj. (lieblich vnd -m) 56,16 ang(e)sicht n. neut. (anges-) 102,1 164,18 (angs-) 154,12 anhangen v. s. pres. inf. (-en als leime) 160,8 anhencken v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 138,17 ankommen v. s. pres. ind. (kompt . . . an) 176,17 anlauff n. m. (der fantasei) 54,19 anstreichen v. s. pass. past part. (angestrichen) 198,16 antimonium n. neut. 74,11 76,1.4.8.12.17 (das puluer -ij) 78,5 antlitz, ant(z)lit n. neut. (antlitz) 94,11 150,18.20 (antzlit) 190,2 (vngestalt des antlits) 190,2 antracites n. m. 64,2.7 antrax n. m. 64,3.10 anzeigen v. w. pres. ind. (-zeygt) 146,8 anzünden v. w. pres. ind. (anzündet) 58,11 (zündet . . . an) 98,14 refl. (zündet. . . sich . . . an) 106,17 apostem n. neut. pl. (des ingeweyds vnnd des miltzes) 126,9 (der wassersüchtigen) 186,18 (faule) 110,14 (harte) 110,10.11 (herte) 194,16 (kalte harte) 116,10 (pestilentzische) 104,13 apostolicum n. neut. 76,6 136,12—13 aquileus n. m. 70,12.14 arbeiten v. w. pres. inf. 86,2 refl. 138,2 argentum n. neut. 90,2 (uiuum) 90,12

358

Indices

argilla n. f . 72,11.13 arm n. m. (lincker) 54,17 118,12 armenus n. m. —> Index Verborum P. N . armoniacum —> Index Verborum P. N . s. v. Armoniacus arsenicum n. neut. 94,9.10.13.17 96,3.19 (ein halb lot -um) 96,6 (ein quintlin -um) 96,1 (-um das drit teyl) 96,14—15 (album) 94,6 (rubeum) 94,6 artz(e)nei, artzney n. f . (artznei) 58,8 68,10 86,9 88,5 (artzenei) 100,3 (artzney) 188,8 (gewiß artznei) 104,11 (groß artznei) 102,10 (brauch der artznei) 1 2 2 , 1 4 - p l . (artzney) 88,16 (artzenei) 122,10 (artznei) 164,3 (vil artzneien) 154,10 (alle artzneien) 192,11 (die gifftige artzneien) 194,5 (artzneien der aussetzigkeit) 184,8 asch, esch n. f . (asch) 122,1.3.7 (esch) 122,9.13 (esch der bittern höltzer) 122,10 (buchen isch) 94,13 (wasser) 1 2 2 , 1 0 - p l . (die andern) 122,12-> eych esch, feigen esch aschlauch n. m. 118,3—4 asius n. m. —* Index Verborum P. N . s. v. Asius astenon n. neut. 72,5 asterites rt. m. 72,A athem n. m. (der - ist eng) 104,16 (stinckender) 84,13 atrament(um) n. neut. (-um) 78,10.11 (das -nt) 78,15 - pl. (die -nt) 78,13 auch conj. 60,7.11 62,6 66,15 74,2 82,4 often (auch so) 184,20 auff, vff prep, with acc. (vff) 52,11 56,15 66,13 often with dat. (auff) 52,13.22 54,4 (vff) 52,13.15.18 often (oben vff) 62,8 - conj. vff das ( = damit) 176,3 (a)vffblasen v. s. pres. ind. (blaset vff) 94,11 — pass, past part, (auffgeblasen blater) 78,4 (a)vffbleung n. f . (vff-) 118,13 (a)vff das — (a)uff auffetzen, vffetzen v. w. pres. inf. (auff zu etzen) 110,10 (vffzuetzen) 194,13 auff gehn, vffgehn v. s. pres. ind. (vffgehend) 200,19 inf. (vnden auff gehn) 182,14 auffhauwen v. s. pres. ind. (hauwen . . . auff) 1 3 0 , 3 - 4 auffheben v. s. pres. ind. (auffhebt) 184,1 (a)vffhören v. w. pres. ind. (h6rt . . . vff) 196,8 aufflauffen, vfflauffen v. s. pres. inf. (vff-

lauffen) 192,13 subst. (aufflauffen) 198.11 (aufflauffen der lefftzen) 84,5 aufflegen v. w. pass, past part, (vffgelegt) 198,20 (auffglegt) 78,8 aufflösen v. w. pres. ind. (16set auff) 186,3 (a)vffressen v. s. pres. ind. (frisset vff) 96,13 auffsetzigkeyt n. f . 134,15—16 —> aussetzigkeit (a)vffsteigen v. s. pres. ind. (vffsteigt) 122,16

auffstreichen, vffstreichen v. w. ind. pres. (auffstreichet) 8 0 , 3 - 4 (vffstreichet) 200,13 — pass, past part, (auffgestrichen) 56.13 162,10 auffthun, vffthün v. an. pres. ind. (vffthüt) 112,5 (thüt auff) 168,12 (thüt vff) 194,16 auffwerffen v. s. pres. ind. (auffwirfft) 90.14 augapffel n. m. (die weissen flecken im -1) 158.12 augbrawe n. f . pl. (lauter) 198,16 (stechen) 198,19 auge n. neut. (geelfarb) 104,22 - pl. 66,13 76,9.17.18.19 98,8 112,23 116,9 124,15. 17 (bis) 126,6 142,7 166,15 170,16 172,9 186,16 188,17 (vnder den -en; = im Gesicht) 82,13-14 (blöde) 60,9 (feucht trieffend) 98,13 (tunckle) 82,13 158,11 (blintheyt) 162,4 (die dünckle) 116,17 198,10 (geyl fleysch) 170,12 (masen) 170,10 (mosen) 198,10 (schmertzen) 166,5 —» äugen artznei, äugen geschwer, äugen trieffen, augenwasser, augenwee äugen artznei n. f . 74,12 äugen geschwer, augschwer n. neut. (weiss augschwer) 168,15 — pl. (weisse äugen geschwer) 162,11 äugen trieffen n. neut. 126,8 augenwasser n. neut. 76,9 augenwee, äugen wee n. neut. (augenwee) 148,5 (äugen wee) 160,12 166,13 augschwer —> äugen geschwer augsteyn —> agstein, agsteyn augstmonat n. m. 112,14 auripigment n. neut. 94,8 —> operment auripigmentum n. neut. (-um) 94,7 204,4 (-nt) 94,8 —» operment aurum n. neut. 84,18 (-um uitae) 104,10 auß prep. (auß) 64,4 66,6 82,14 92,3 96,3 108,3 (bis) . 7 o f t e n (ausz) 134,9 (von grundt auß) 108,14

Index Verborum of the German Text außbrechen v. s. pres. inf. 204,9 außbringen v. an. pres. ind. (bringt . . . auß) 112,21 aussatz, außsatz n. m. (aussatz) 188,5 190,9 (außsatz) 184,10 aussen adv. 164,12 ausserziehen v. s. pres. inf. 196,4 —* außziehen außetzen v. w. pres. ind. (etzet . . . auß) 136,8 (etzet auß) 186,2 (etzt . . . auß) 190,8 aussetzig, vssetzig adj. (vssetziger mensch) 86,16 (aussetzige haut) 182,10 - n. m. pl. (?) (den aussetzigen) 198,18 aussetzigkeit, außsetzigkeyt n. f . (aussetzigkeit) 86,7.14 184,8 (außsetzigkeyt) 88,15 —» auffsetzigkeyt außfallen v. s. pres. ind. (außfalt) 90,14 (feit auß) 176,16 - pass. past part. 128.13 außfarn v. s. pres. ind. (fert . . . auß) 192,8 außfüllen v. w. pres. ind. (füllet ausz) 70,2 (-et) 126,13 (füllet auß) 170,10 (füllt auß) 170,16 außgang n. m. 104,7 150,15 auszhülen v. w. pres. ind. (hfilen . . . ausz) 62,4 ausslauffen v. s. pres. inf. subst. 104,17 (des bauchs) 154,7 (alles) 142,2 außlegung n. f . 62,17 außlöschen v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 164,17 außnemen, vßnemen v. s. pres. ind. (nemen vß) 130,4 — pass. pres. ind. (außgenommen würt) 104,22 außsatz, außsetzigkeit —* aussatz, aussetzigkeit außthün v. s. pres. ind. (thüt auß) 170,5 (-t) 190,6 außtreiben v. s. pres. ind. (treibet auß) 100,4 156,10 182,4 204,1 (treibt auß) 182,12.14 außtreibung n. f . 100,2 außtrücken v. w. pass. ind. (wirt . . . außtrückt) 100,18 außwaschen v. w. pres. ind. (wascht . . . auß) 164,4 außwendig adj. (fygwartzen) 78,2 (leib) 116,2 (vnfelle) 196,13 - adv. 52,15 158,2 außziehen v. s. pres. ind. (zeucht . . . auß) 184,14 (ziehen . . . auß) 60,11 —12 — pass. past. part. (außzogen) 112.14 —» ausserziehen

359

bach n. m. pl. (beche) 84,18 bad n. neut. 96,16 (des allaun wassers) 84,6 balagius n. m. 98,2.4 (der stein Ba-) 98,8 bald adv. 68,12 96,7.22 186,7 192,13 200,12.20 202,11

balieren v. w. pres. ind. (-iert) 128,1 174.17 —» polieren balierer n. m. 172,5 bailas n. m. 52,8.20 bart n. m. 200,5 bass adv. 96,9 bauch n. m. 60,6 152,6 154,11 156,4 162,18 (der schwalben) 112,4 (außlauffen) 154,7 (weethumb) 124,19 bauch wee, bauchwee n. neut. (-h wee) 164.18 (-hwee) 168,18 bäum n. m. (gummi) 60,3 (rinde) 200,18 - pl. (bium) 126,2 baum61, bäum 611 n. neut. (-m 611) 186,4 (-m61) 186,6.9 baumwol(l) n. f . (-11) 76,11 78,5.8 (-1) 82,10 bech n. neut. (reynigung vnd schäum) 168,11 bedecken v. w. pres. ind. (-ckt) 160,10 subj. (-cke) 152,16-17 begiessen v. s. pass, past part, (-ossen) 64,9 behalten v. s. pres. ind. (-helt) 92,7 134,5 (-haltet) 196,13 (-halt) 170,8 196,18 202,5 (-halten) 60,14 subj. (-halt) 62,5 imp. (-halt) 152,21 behend adv. 116,14 behendiglich adv. 132,13 behüt(t)en v. w. pres. ind. (-ttet) 134,18 (-tet) 186,2 - pass, past ind. (ist behüt) 104,5 bei;:" prep. 58,19 60,13 66,3 106,5.6 118,6 124,9 often beyd num. 58,7 bei einander adv. 116,3—4 beyn n. neut. 176,6 bei nahe adv. 102,7 beissen, beyssen v. s. pres. ind. (beisset) 68,17 part, (beyssende raud) 80,3 190,14 (beissend haut) 190,11 gerund (beissen) 184,7 186,19 192,20 beitrager n. m. 112,17 166,7 bekant adj. 66,15 belliculus n. m. pl. (-i marini) 100,14.15 benemen v. s. pres. ind. (benimmet) 124,18-19 148,15 (benimpt) 76,12. 14.17 90,7 96,2 104,6 108,14 116,3

360

Indices

132,4.7 148,15 150,2.11 182,12 186,4.7 188,9.17 190,2 192,6.7 (bnimpt) 76,7 114.16 (benemen) 60,6 i n f . (benemen) 60,4 bequem adj. 184,11 194,1 beriuchen, bereuchen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (-iuchet würdt) 184,4 past part. (-euchet) 184,12 bereyt adj. 186,11 —> bereyten bereyten v. w. pres. i n f . 152,13 — pass, past ind. (-reyt seind) 158,9 part. —> bereyt adj. berg n. m. pi. 84,18 (Jndie) 70,15 (hohe) 124,9 berill n. m. (-ill [nom.]) 98,1 (-ill [ auß bringen brinnen —» brennen brüchig, brichig adj. (brüchig) 68,13 170,3 (brichig) 164,10 brunnen n. m. pl. (brünnen) 84,18 brunnen wasser, brunnwasser n. neut. (brunnwasser) 188,14 (sonderes brunnen wasser) 186,1 brunst n. f . (hitzige -st des wilden feurs) 152.12 brüst n. f . pl. (brüst) 120,8 (brüst) 128.10 138,17 b s t — * bestbüch n. neut. (-ch aggregator) 100,1 buchen adj. (asch) 94,3 Calcedonie —» Index Verborum P. N . calx n. f . (-X extineta) 106,13 (-x uiua) 106.13 108,4 campffer n. m. 188,19 cap(itel) n. neut. (cap.) 100,1 (capitel) 138,13 capaunstein n. m: 64,12 —» kappaun, kappe carabe —» karabe carbunculus n. m. 106,3 carfunckel, carbunckel n. m. (-rb-) 66,13 106,2.4 (-rf-) 64,7 98,4 106,10 140,5. 6 148,4 (liechter carb-) 166,10 (roter carf-) 64,10 (der weiß carf-) 148,3 cauerne n. f . pl. (-n) 124,9 centner stein n. m. 92,5

362

Indices

ceruus n. m. (cor -i) 86,18 cerussa n. f . 114,4.5 chalcitis n. f . 202,8 Chakidonie —> Index Verborum P. N. chelidonius n. m. 112,3.4 cholera n. f . 152,9 chrisolectrus n. m. 116,11.12 (-trum [acc.]) 116,15 chrisolitus n. m. 118,8.9 chrisoprassus n. m. 118,1.2.6 christal(l), christallisch, christallus —» cristal, cristallisch, cristallus cinis n. m. 122,2 cinnaberis n. f . 120,10 citrin adj. (Mirabolan) 76,8 citrin farb adj. 94,9 colcotar n. m. 202,8 complexion n. f . (heisse) 74,5 (kalte, truckne) 154,8 cor n. neut. (-r cerui) 86,18 corall n. m. 56,8 126,4 - pi. 124,1.6.8.14. 15.16.18.20 (rot) 124,4.13 (weiß) 124,5 corallus n. m. 124,2 (-us albus) 124,3 (-us rubeus) 124,3 coriander wasser n. neut. 80,4 corneol, korniol n. m. (co-) 126,16 (ko-) 54,1 corneolus n. m. 126,17.18 cörper n. m. 130,4 144,5 152,4 - pi. 176,3 (todte) 176,1 c6rper kleyd n. neut. pi. (vnflat der -der) 164,4 cos n. f . 128,7 cristal(l), christal(l) n. m. (ch-11) 54,3 120,1 (c-11) 54,9 72,6 1 46,5 (c-1) 64,14 (des c-llin) 60,16 (gebrannter ch-11) 54,3 (weisser c-11) 66,18 cristallisch adj. (steyn) 72,6 cristallus, christallus n. m. (ch-llus) 120,2 (c-llus) 120,3 cristier n. neut. 132,10 150,14 162,18 194,4 - pi. (-ier) 78,2 cristieren v. w. pres. inf. gerund (zu dem -n) 186,18 da*, do (164,16) adv. demonstr. adv. 96,10 124,9 156,7 (da sein) 122,4 relat. 108,8 128,13 130,1 160,7 172,5 184,1 200,18 204,3 together with pron. (das da) 152,1 (der da) 60,17 98,16 114,7 130,1 152,8 188,7 (der do) 164,16 (die da) 68,19 86,19 100,3 102,11 (bis) 106,10 108,18 114,14 122,15

152,8 156,7 158,6 194,3 (wer da) 150,13 together with adv. (als da) 192.12 —» dabei, dafür, damit, darab, daran, darauf, daraus, darein, darin, darnach, darüber, darumb, darunder, darzü dabei adv. — sein 114,1 116,4 dach n. neut. 146,10 dafür adv. 104,5 damit adv., conj. adv. 52,7 84,1 90,6 94,10 96,16 102,9 106,1 108,12 112,24 114.13 124,17 150,10.12.19 152,11 160,10 162,18 164,4 170,13.18 182,11. 16.19 184,3.4.12 186,4.7.9.20 190,1 194,4.14 conj. 192,11 tmesis da . . . mit 108,10 dann"', dan (178,15), denn (106,5 152,4 158,19) adv., conj. adv. 52,13 56,2 92,3 102,13 124,10 196,3 (als dann) 82,7 182,7 - conj. 62,5 74,7 90,15 92,8 104,15 106,8 112,21 116,1 128,11 148,1 152,11.20 (dan) 178,15 often (dann so) 92,3 (als dann) 182,6-7 after comp. 54,9 64,16 122,11 140,6 158,2 164,17 172,4 (denn) 106,5 152,4 158,19 d(a)rab adv. (drab) 196,5 d(a)ran adv. (dar-) 96,13.17 114,11 162,11 (dr-) 152,19 —» daran giessen daran giessen v. s. pres. inf. (daran zegiessen) 152,20 d(a)r(a)uff adv. (darauff) 56,13 82,7 108,19 116,5 (daruff) 82,2 78,2 92,6.20 124.15 128,12.13 202,5 (druff) 150,17 d(a)raufflegen v. w. pres. suhj. (-ge drauff) 136,13 d(a)r(a)uffstrewen v. w. pres. suhj. (-we druff) 150,16-17 daraus, darauß*, darausz, drauß adv. (daraus) 204,2 (darausz) 186,25 (darauß) 70,5 76,9 82,1 96,7.15 102,1 often (drauß) 114,13.17 132,6 150,14 tmesis da . . . auß 160,5 darein, dar ein adv. (darein) 76,4 78,1 82,17 148.16 196,3 (dar ein) 178,15 darinn(en), darin, drinn adv. (darin) 78,3.8 82,4.7 102,17 138,10 often (darinn) 70,1 76,7 96,7 110,2 156,2 164,8 often (drinn) 110,12 (darinnen) 166,2 170,16 176,2 196,12.16 204,13 darm n. m. pl. (derme) 194,3 darnach* adv. 78,2 82,6 94,14.17 96,22 110,8 often d(a)rüber adv. (dar-) 82,2.5 196,14 (dr-) 108,23

Index Verborum of the German Text daruff —• d(a)r(a)uff darumb adv., conj. adv. 188,5 — con). 54,17 60,7 116,1 118,4 122,4 142,1 146,12 (darumb so) 100,7 116,8 1 1 8 , 2 - 3 138,12 166,6 172,16 174,8 (darumb das) 70,10 100,3 130,8 darunder adv. 76,11 92,2 110,4 —> darunder mischen darunder mischen v. w. pres. imp. (misch d-) 92,22 94,1 114,10 150,9.13 (mische d-) 104,1 subj. (misch d-) 150,19 — pass, past part, (d- gemischt) 108,16 182,10 darzü, darzu, dar zu adv. (-zu) 92,23 140,2 (dar zu) 132,6 (-zu) 100,13 darzü thun darzü thün v. an. pres. ind. (-ü thüt) 202,1 imp. (thü -ü) 152,16 das* conj. 52,5 68,1 90,14 98,9 100,11 104,14 often (so lang biß das) 152,13 (on allein das; = außer) 98,5 —> der daselbst adv. 96,12 dauon* adv. 74,8.15 76,6.10 86,19 92,21 often de prep, (os de corde cervi) 86,18 dein poss. pron. (wille) 110,9 (werck) 152,22 demant —» diamant denn —» dann der1', die*, das*' art., dem. pron., rel. pron. def. art. 52,15.16.27 54,12 often demonstr. pron. 52,9.12.20.25 54,14 56,1.5 often relat. pron. 52,18.20.25 56,8.9 58,10 68,9 often - > das conj. derselb(e), dieselbe, dasselbe demonstr. pron. 92,14 (der selb) 172,7 adj. (stat) 96,4 (wunden) 88,2 art. contracted with preceding prep, (am selben end) 96,10 -> selb der selbig, die selbig, das selbig demonstr. pron. 92,20 96,12 - adj. (von dem selben menschen) 58,9—10 (dieselbig haut) 108,11 (das selbig wasser) 188,12 desgleichen, de(s)ßgleichen adv. (des-chen) 104,7 112,19 1 3 4 , 1 - 2 172,19 186,5 (desß-chen) 94,11 — conj. (deß-chen so) 134,1-2 g(e)leich dester adv. 114,2 diachartami n. neut. 182,7 diafiniconis n. neut. 182,7 diamant, demant n. m. (dia-) 54,7 (de-) 54,8 diapenidion n. neut. 190,13 dich —> du 26

Rösslin: O n Minerals

363

dick adj. 110,6 162,15 adv. 92,23 meaning 'often' 96,18 114,6 dickmal adv. 88,12 104,11 dienen* v. w. pres. ind. (-nt) 68,6 98,8 100,3 104,17 132,18 144,18 often (-net) 76,4 80,3 82,2 84,6.15 90,3 often (-nen) 60,7 158,14 subj. (-ne) 112,8 dieweil conj. 130,2.4 ding n. neut. 194,1 (grosses) 122,5 (vil wunderlichs) 68,2 - pi. (-ng) 100,2 142.3 202,6 (alle) 112,21 136,17 166,14 (alle anderen) 88,8 (etliche) 78,14 (gute) 174,5 (künfftig, -ge) 142.9 178,6 (leibliche) 88,7 (leichte) 154.4 (feule) 186,11 dir —> du diser*, dise (diß), dises (diß, dis) demonstr. pron. m. (diser)54,14.2058,9.11.13.17 often f . (dise) 192,13 (diß) 96,10 (diser \gen.]) 148,2 neut. (diß) 58,13 80,14 108,9 110,1.5 114,12 132,3.10 often (dis) 132,9 (dises) 186,7 - pl. (diß drei stuck) 108,22 distillieren v. w. pass, past ind. (-iert ist) 204.10 part, (-iert) 188,12 do —» da doch adv., conj. adv. 74,3 98,7 110,1 (aber doch) 54,11 - conj. 54,9 146,7 176,10 (doch so) 176,5 donder n. m. (-r vnd vngewitter) 126,1 dörren v. w. pres. ind. -rret) 84,12 (-rret vnnd drücknet) 84,14 (-rret oder trücknet) 122,9 döten —» todten drache n. m. 130,2 (haupt) 128,17 - pl. (groß -enn) 130,1 (schlaffende -en) 130,3 —* trachenstein dran —» daran draconites n. m. 128,16.17 draufflegen —* d(a)raufflegen drauß —* daraus drei num. card, (jar) 64,15 (tag) 58,13 108,24 (bis) (stuck) 108,22 dreierley adj. 80,13 144,2 drei stund num. multipl. 170,6 drincken —» trincken drinn —> darinn(en) dritt, drit (96,15) num. ord. (geschlecht) 56,9 (grad) 74,14 80,13 148,13 200,4 (mal) 170,6 (das drit teyl) 96,15 drüber —> darüber drucken —> trucken druckenheit —» truckenheit druff sim. —» d(a)r(a)uff sim.

364

Indices

drucknen, drücknen —» trucknen dü : i , pen. pron. 58,18 68,3 82,5.16 92,5.6 96,6 often enclitic (magstu) 96,9 (mustu) 52,12 (soltu) 52,13 (dir) 94,16 (dich) 94,14 96,17 often dunckel, tunckel (82,13 158,11) adj. 54,14 106,6 134,8 142,13 (d-1 vnd nübelicht) 142,11 (den tuncklen augen) 82,13 (tunckel augen) 158,11 - comp, (d-ckeler) 54,9 (d-ckler) 98,5 dunckelfarb adj. 126,18 duncken v. w. —> tuncken 1. duncken v. an. pres. ind. (-ckt) 124,16 sub), refl. (dich -eke) 194,1 2. duncken v. w. pass, past part, (gdunckt) 78,5 duncklen v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 166,14 dünckle n. f . (der augen) 116,17 198,10 dünn adj. (an der farb) 118,9 (nit durchsichtig noch dünn) 196,17 - comp.

60,16 düpf(f)lin n. neut. pl. (guldin -pflin) 118,4 (güldin -pfflin) 148,9 durch prep. loc. 56,2 68,12 78,2 94,14 118.11 138,8 188,12 caus. 162,8 168,8 194.8 durch einander adv. (-ch -er mischen) 96,15 (-ch -er gehn) 182,1 durchleuchtig adj. 58,6 durchlöchern v. w. pres. ind. (-rt) 92,8 — pass. pres. ind. (werden -rt) 54,20 (-rt würt) 118,11 durchsichtig adj. 62,9 126,18 172,15.17 176.9 184,4.19 196,16 (färbe) 144,11 (natur) 98,4 (stein) 140,5 (wolcke) 174,1 durchtringen v. s. pres. ind. (-gt) 92,10 dürfen v. an. aux. pres. ind. (darff) 90,9 130.12 dürr adj. 122,4 146,15 (druckenheit) 78,11 durst n. m. 66,2 120,6 eben adv. eben als = als ob 118,3 echites n. m. 70,13 eclipsis n. f . 134,14 edel adj. sup. 88,7 —» edel gesteyn edelgesteyn, edel gesteyn n. neut. (edelgesteyn) 60,3 (edel gesteyn) 58,15 — pl. 52,3 (allerhandt edelgesteyn) 52,6 edelsteyn n. m. 62,11 ehe, ee conj. e(h)e das = bevor (ehe das) 176,15.18 (ee das) 194,3 ey n. neut. 70,15 162,17.20 (weych) 182,13 (dotier) 182,5 (das weiß) 96,1 cf.

weiß von eym ey 132,8 - pl. 200,19 —> ey(e)rklar, eyerschale, eyes weiss eychbaum n. m. 122,13 eych esch n. f . 122,14 ey(e)rklar n. neut. (eyrklar) 192,15 (eyerklar) 192,18 eyerschale n. f . pl. 108,7 (bis) eyes weiss n. neut. (mit einem eyes weiß) 96.1 cf. weiß von eym ey 132,8 eygen adj. (natur) 124,10 eygenschafft, eygentschafft n. f . (eygenschafft) 64,8 (eygentschafft) 100,4 (eygenschafft . . . der edelgesteyn) 52,2 (wunderlich tugent vnd eygenschafft) 74,8 eilends adj. 200,20 eymer n. m. (halb) 110,4.6 - pl. 108,23 110,4 ein, eine, ein indef. art. 52,11.13.21 54,9 often contr. eim 52,9.12.13.14 54,4 often eins 54,12 56,6 200,9 -> ein wenig einander adv. 100,16 eincherley adj. invar, (weisse) 62,7 einer, eine, ein(e)s indef. pron. (— jemand) 58,17 100,2 104,16. 21 124,6 134,15 198,7 often contr. eim. 92,19 112,23 136.11 with def. article (der ein - der ander) 94,9 eynest num. adv. 52,9 ein lassen v. s. pres. imp. (laß dis vnden ein) 132,9 ein mal adv. 70,9 76,19 einnemen, innemen v. s. pres. ind. (einnimpt) 194,7—8 — pass, past part. (eing-) 182,5 (ing-) 182,13 einnschlucken v. w. pres. imp. (schluck . . . einn) 186,7 einsieden v. s. pres. inf. 110,8 eintrincken v. s. pres. imp. (trinck . . . ein) 86,15 ein wenig num. indef. (resse) 192,19 — subst. with gen. part, (mit eim wenig alauns) 82,12 (ein wenig Boli Armeni) 150,14 - adv. 168,17 186,7 (blafarb) 74,2 (braun) 104,21 (röter) 140,6 (schwecher) 98,5 - » wenig eisen adj. (pfand) 92,2 eisen(n) n. neut. (eisen) 54,15 136,14.16.17 154,16 156,6 172,12 202,3 (eisenn) 172.12 met. 128,12 154,9 (spitzen) 56.2 eisenfarb, ysenfarb adj. (eis-) 70,7 144,2 (ys-) 130,11

Index Verborum of the German Text eisen nagel n. m. pl. 156,3 eys(s)e n. m. or n. pl. (die betrüglichen eyssen) 70,4 (die schweren eysen) 84,14 eittel adj. (brechen) 162,8 eyter n. m. 166,2 182,13 184,2 eyttern v. w. pres. inf. subst. 164,20 electron, -um n. neut. (-on) 180,3 (-um) 60,2 electuarium n. neut. 86,16 190,13 (-ium de succo rosarum) 182,7-8 elitropia n. f . ( = stein) 134,7.8 (der steyn -a) 134,13 (das kraut -a) 134,10 emat(h)ites n. m. (ematites) 130,6 (emathites) 130,8 embor adv. 92,6 empfangen v. s. past ind. 118,5 empfengknus n. f . 144,18 empfinden v. s. pres. subj. (-ünden) 126,3 ende n. neut. 204,18 (gut) 112,19 (zu end) 152,20 - pl. (etliche) 178,12 (vil) 104,11 endecken v. w. pass. pres. ind. (wirt . . . -decket) 172,6 endern v. w. pres. ind. refl. (sich endert) 176,10 enderung n. f . (schön) 166,12 endiuien wasser n. neut. 102,9 eng adj. (atem) 104,16 engbrüstig adj. n. pl. m. 184,3 engbrustigkeyt n. f . (-t vnd husten) 168,16 entdecken —* endecken entspringen v. s. pres. ind. 136,7 entstehen v. s. pres. ind. (-steht) 102,14 entzünden v. w. pres. ind. refl. (-dt er sich) 116,14 - pass. pres. ind. (würt -det) 138.6 (wirt -dt) 168,10 past ind. (-dt ist) 70,9 epistrites n. m. 134,17.18 er* pers. pron. 52,9.17.22 54,10.11.13 often gen. (sein) 56,7 104,21 112,4 162,4 168,17 170,4 194,7 dat. (jm) 68,12.14 70,14 72,7 74,3.6 often acc. (ja) 52,9. 13.16 54,15 110,17 112,10 often (jne) 114.7 (jhn) 172,7 - refl. (jm) 106,9 (jhm) 172,9 erbgrindt n. m. 94,2 erblenden v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 166,6 erbsiechtag n. m. pl. 68,4—5 erde n. f . 180,8 (rot) 146,9 (subtil) 200,3 (versigelt weiß) 192,5 (ader) 74,12 102,5 (bittrigkeit) 80,10 (feystigkeyt) 168.8 (gestalt) 124,8 - pl. 52,4 erdgewechs, -chß n. neut. (-chß) 150,6 (-chs) 202,9 26»

365

erdrauch wasser n. neut. 108,11 erdtrich n. neut. 88,9 (zeh) 72,13 (druckenheit) 78,11 erfaren v. s. pass, past part. 128,2 erfinden v. s. pass, past ind. (ist -funden) 54.13 136,16 erheben v. s. pres. ind. refl. (sich -en) 102,15 erkalten v. w. pres. inf. 170,8 erkelten v. w. pres. ind. (-keltet) 174,2 erkleren v.w. pres. ind. (-klertdas gesicht) 144,15 erlamen v. w. past subj. (-et weren) 82,8 erledigen v. w. pres. ind. (-gt) 98,16 erleschen v. w. pres. ind. (-lescht) 62,16 (-leschet) 64,8 — pass. pres. inf. (-leschet werden) 70,10 erligen v. s. pres. inf. 134,4 erlösen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (wirt erlößt) 58.14 ermüden v. w. pres. inf. 134,4 erquicken v. w. pres. ind. (-quiekt) 86,4 162.5 erster, erste, erstes num. ord. (grad) 102,7 124,7 126,4 150,8 200,4 erst geboren adj. (kindt) 162,10 erstocken v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 140,15 (-stockt) 152,6 ertrincken v. s. pres. ind. (ertrinckt) 146,2 ertz n. neut. (gebrant) 136,3 — pl. (wirckungen) 52,3 ertzgrube n. f . pl. 176,11 erwachsen v. s. pass, past part, (fleysch) 126.6 erwelen v. w. pres. inf. 164,16 170,3 es* pers. pron. 80,1.5 82,17 84,13 86,2 88,10 often enclitic (machts) 92,1 esch —* asch eschrich n. m. 110,3 esels har n. neut. 118,11 essen v. s. pres. ind. (ysset) 176,1 (essen) 92,18 204,3 (die vmb sich essen) 80,5 part, (zu den vmbsichessenden geschweren) 186,23 (wunden) 198,10-11 (zanfleysch) 198,15 past ind. (gessen hat) 100,10 - pass, past part, (gessen) 86,7 essig n. m. 70,3 82,12.19 84,9 92,23 94,15 114,7.8 116,5 132,8 142,5 150,11.13 164,15 184,5 186,6.19.20 192,17 194,2 (starck) 72,15 192,22 etlich(e) pron. indef. (ding) 78,14 (enden) 178,12 subst. 58,7 108,3 (bis).7 148,3

366

Indices

176.12 (bis) with gen. part, (etlich diser steyn) 58,7 etwa adv. 194,14 etwan(n) adv. (etwan) 74,3 104,9 200,3 (etwann) 140,9 et(t)was indef. pron. n. (etwas) 164,8 182,6 194.7 (ettwas) 68,12 etzen v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 82,14 108,14 (etzt) 96,10 110,12 - pass, past part. (geetzt) 114,8 exacolitus n. m. 132,14.16.18 exebenos n. m. 132,15 134,1 extinguere v. pass, past part, (calx extincta) 106,13 ey, ey—> ei, eifadem n. m. 180,5 -pi. (-den) 146,15 fahen v. s. pres. ind. (-het) 112,5 fallen v. s. pres. ind. (felt) 100,2 172,5 (fallet) 178,16 part, (seucht) 114,6 124.13 (siechtlgige) 72,3 (sucht) 88,14 176,17 fallensichtige n. m. pi. (-n) 138,7 fantasei n. f . (all) 148,15 (böse) 58,10 (anlauff) 54,19 (-ei vnd gespenst) 146,3 (-ei vnd narheyt) 118,14 - p i . (-eien) 148,4 fantasiern v. w. pres. inf. (mit sich selbs reden vnd -iern) 88,4 farb(e) n. f . (-be) 56,5 66,17 130,16 148,9 160,15 196,11 (-b) 60,16 62,11 66,7.11.14 106,4.8 108,9 116,12 118,3.7.9 154,11 156,1 156,6 164,7.13 168,2 172,16 178,4 (-b eins ieden metalls) 158,19 (-b eines menschen nagels) 174,10 (des steins -b) 178,2 (mancherley stein -b) 166,9 (durchsichtig -be) 144,11 (gele vnd weisse -b) 100,7 (geel weiß -b) 100,12 (grun -b) 98,6 (mancherley -b) 102,7 (verachte -b) 122,6 (rot von -ben) 102,6 (hübsch an der -b) 178,4 (-be von trippel) 52,16 -pi. (-ben) 80,10 (-benn) 174,11 (mancherley) 62,4 (vile) 166,4 (vilerley) 158,19 (schone -ben des regenbogens) 146,11 —»trippel farb farbig adj. (schwartz glesten) 54,10 farn v. s. pres. ind. (-rt) 156,2 farn esche n. f . 200,3 vaß n. neut. 170,19 fassen v. w. pass, past part, (gefaßt) 118.14 vast, fast —» vest, feste

faul adj. 194,3 (aposteme) 110,14 (fleysch) 84,8 88,1 92,17 114,16 136,8 190,8 (faulfleysch) 76,5 78,8 82,14 186,2 (materie) 86,10 (wunden) 90,8 108,2 202,10 (zanfleysch) 198,15 faulen(n) v. w. pres. ind. (-en) 108,18 116,7 inf. (-en) 122,10 (-enn) 186,12 faulfleysch —> faul, fleisch faulheyt n. f 98,12 faulwerdung n. f . 104,13-14 feber n. /., neut. 112,12 116,15 144,12 (viertägig) 150,2 - p i . (-bres) 102,15 fechter n. m. (streiter vnnd -er) 66,1 feder n. f . 96,7.8 110,2 -pi. (-ern) 110,2 federlin n. neut. 78,4 188,13 feigblater n. f . pi. (-em) 74,15 128,2-3 feigen esch n. f . 122,11 feilen v. w. pass, past part, (gefeielt golt) 88,14 feilot n. neut. (von seinem abschabet oder -oten) 176,14 feind n. m. pl. (-de) 146,3 178,7 (der-d schaden) 98,12 feystigheit n. f . (der erden) 168,8 feld n. neut. 126,2 feil n. neut. (feil darinn [= in den äugen]) 188,17 fels n. m. pl. (-sen) 168,7 fenchelsamen n. m. 150,2 fenchelwasser n. neut. 76,18 verachten v. w. pass, past part, (-te farb) 122,6 ferben v. w. pres. ind. (-bet) 176,10 re/7, (sich . . . -bet) 152,14 inf. (sich . . . -ben) 200,11 ferber n. m. pl. (-er vnd maier) 74,3 verbergen v. s. pass, past part, (-borgen lderlin) 68,13 verbleychen v. s. pres. ind. (-cht) 106,5 verbrennen v. w. pres. ind. (-brennt) 146,17 (-brent) 170,4 -pass, past part, (-brante stucke) 122,3 ferbung n. f . (des erdtrichs) 78,11 verderben v. s. pres. ind. (-dirbt) 138,1 vergifften v. w. pass, past ind. (ist -fft) 202,12 vergifft n.f. 182,4.9 vergleichen v. s., w. pres. ind. refi, (-cht sich) 166,12 —pass. pres. (wiirt -chet) 60,3 vergiilten v. w. pass. pres. inf. (-It werden) 92,4 verhalten v. s. pres. ind. (-halt) 152,5

Index Verborum of the German Text (-haltet) 72,3 84,12 104,13 126,11 144,17 (-helt) 186,11 (-hellt) 68,3 72.16 126,10 128,10 (-halten) 158,14 verhelen v. w. pres. ind. (-hellt) 68,3 verhüten v. w. pres. ind. (-tet) 144,7 verker(e)n v. w. pres. ind. (-rt) 106,7 - pass, past part, (-ret) 182,1 verkleiben v. w. pres. subj. (-b) 92,3 verkünden v. w. pres. inf. 142,9 verleschen v. s. pres. ind. (-escht) 58,12 vermengen v. w. pres. ind. (-get) 194,16 -pass, past part, (-gt) 76,16 7 8 , 7 - 8 82.17 110,10 116,17 156,9.11-12 vermercken v. w. pres. ind. (-ckt) 182,9 vermischen v. w. pres. ind. (-sehet) 120,7 — pass. pres. ind. (-seht würt) 70,3.5 past part, (-sehet) 96,1 148,12 190,1 198,16 (-seht) 62,15 66,7.19 82,12 130,11 132,18 140,2 188,19 198,12. 14.17 Vermischung n. f . (eins andern steins) 148.10 verneinen v. s. pres. ind. (-nimpst) 110,5 (gutt) 144,8 vernunfft n. f . (böß) 92,16 verriechen v. s. pres. inf. 134,12 ferrum n. neut. 136,15 versaltzen v. s. pass, past part, (-tzner geschmack) 80,14 versamlen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (-mlet würt) 128,12 verschlucken v. w. pres. ind. (-ckt) 176,1 verschneiden v. s. pass, past ind. (-schnitten ist) 64,15 part, (-schnitten) 64,15 verschwinden v. s. pres. ind. (-det) 118,6 verseren v. w. pass. pres. ind. (-rt werden) 122,15 versigeln v. w. pass, past part, (-gelt weiß erd) 192,5 -> sigillare verstehn v. an. pres. inf. 62,17 verstellen v. w. pres. ind. (-llet) 122,13 (-11t) 160,7 inf. (-llenn) 192,11 verstentnis n. f . (gute) 68,7 verstillen v. w. pres. ind. (-11t) 152,6 verstopffen v. w. pres. inf. (zuuerstopffen) 84,7 —pass, past part. n. m., f . pi. (die -pfften) 154,11 verstopffung n. f . pi. (-gen) 168,12 versuchen v. w. pass, past part, (-cht) 104.11 vertreiben v. s. pres. ind. (-bet) 76,10 144,12.17 152,4 154,7 174,3 184,7 204,8.13 (-bt) 68,7 84,13 118,12.14 126,9 136,1 138,8.12 140,7 146,3 170,16

367

174.13 176,4 180,7.10 186,14 200,5 204,16 (-ben) 198,10 subj. (-be) 98,10 —pass. pres. ind. (wirt . . . vertriben) 140,3 vertrucken v. w. pres. ind. (-ckt) 62,16 ( = unterdrücken) verwandeln v. w. pres. imp. (-1) 152,19 verwesen v. w. pres. subj. (-weßten) 176.3 inf. 178,13 verwunden v. w. pass, past part. n. m. (der -dte) 1 5 4 , 8 - 9 verwundern v. w. pres. ind. refl. 196,5—6 verwüsten v. w. pass. pres. ind. (-stet w i n ) 86,2 verzeren v. w. pres. ind. (-ret) 76,5 80,6 86.7 90,8 186,2 (-rt) 92.17 114,7 164.14 refl. (-rt sich) 86,6 138,10 inf. (zuuerzeren) 84,7 (zeuerzeren) 190.15 -pass. pres. ind. (wirt -rt) 86,3 (wirt -ret) 86,5 inf. (-rt werdenn) 88.8 past ind. (-rt sind) 178,13 verzerung n. f . 122,5 verziehen v. s. past subj. refl. (sich -zogen hab) 182,9 verzweiffein v. w. past ind. (-ffelt hat) 162,12 vest!;", feste* adj. (vest) 136,17 (feste) 74,3 -adv. vast, fast ( = sehr) 60,6.7 62,19 70,5 76,4 82,8.9.15 86,19 94,2 often ( = stark) 108,8 142,1 ( = schnell, rasch) 94,8 126,5 - comp. adv. (vester) 122,11 festigen, vestigen v. w. pres. ind. (festiget) 78.9 (vestiget) 162,19 (festigt) 152,11 feucht adj. (augen) 98,13 (flegma) 90,4 (lefftzen) 84,9 (zanfleysch) 186,23 feuchte n. f . (schwere) 186,3 feuchtigkeit, feuchtigkeyt n. f . (-eyt) 86,16 122.4 (-eit) 5 8 , 1 1 - 1 2 86,12 90,3 148.5 186,12 (gesaltzen -eyt) 152,8 (schedlich -eyt) 112,12 (schlepericht -eit) 124,10 (starcke -eit) 126,7 - p i . (-eyten) 164,11 — 12 (grobe -eyten) 156,5 feuchtung n. f . (böse) 150,10 (grobe) 148.16 (überflüssige) 132,13 feule n. f . (der ding) 186,11 feulung n. f . 186,2 (des munds) 82,19 feu(e)r, few(e)r n. neut. (feuer) 88,11 178,11 190,10 (fewer) 64,8 92,14 98,14 144,1 (fewr) 88,9.10 (feur) 54,10 86,6 106, 11 116,13 120,4 138,2.5 144,1.3 146,18 166,10 168,2 170,7 178,14 182,1 184,9

368

Indices

196,5 200,1 204,17 (grosses, starckes feur) 160,1 (wildes feuer) 80,3 (hitzige brunst des wilden feurs) 152,12 feurfarb adj. 64,7 feurig adj. 106,5 168,9 feursteyn, feurstein n. m. (-steyn) 52,7 (-stein) 54,2 (gebranter -stein) 52,26 (schwartzer -steyn) 52,14 (schwartzer -stein) 52,24 victril(l), victriol, vitriol n. m., neut. (victril) 202,9 204,2 (victrill) 202,7 (victriol) 202,6.13.14 (das Babylonisch vitriol) 204,6 (der best victril) 202,10 vier num. card. (eymer) 110,4 (finger) 152.17 vierd(t) num. ord. (-d geschlecht) 56,11 66,16 (am, an vierden grad) 92,9 190,7 202,13 (an dem, am, an den, zu dem vierdten grad) 94,2 136,5 168,11 182,2 188,8 viertägig adj. (feber) 150,2 viert(h)eyl n. neut. (-t-) 102,16 108,21 (halbs -th-) 104,1 figur n. f . (nach der -r) 100,15 fygwartze n. f . pl. (-en) 78,1 vih n. neut. (den menschen vnd dem -he) 122,15 vil* adj. (artzneien) 154,10 (bleiweiß) 114,14 (an -1 enden) 104,11 (färben) 166,4 200.9 (gifft) 94,10 (löcher) 170,3 (milch) 140,3 (orte) 160.1 186,1 (perlin) 158,5 (ratten) 204,3 (rauch) 92,14 (salben) 200,16 (schiden) 108,17 (zuuil stülgeng) 192.18 (weyche wartzen) 116,3 -adv. 76,8 82,5 96,20 108,21 114,1 with comp. 56,8 144,3 - subst. with gen. (deren) 156,2 (jr) 162,2 (wunderlichs dings) 68,2 — comp, mer, mehr (der merertheyl) 56,9 (merer theyl) 146,5 (den merentheyl) 174,11 - adv. 86,1.13 96,4.11 106,5 110,5 often (ye mehr) 86,6 (mehr weycher) 54,14 —» vilerley, villeicht vilerley adj. (bildungen) 56,17 (färben) 158.19 n. neut. (des kalcks) 160,4 villeicht adv. 78,16 146,18 finden v. s. pres. ind. (findt) 146,1 (findet) 112,6.15 124,8 158,4.5 162,3 176,11 180,4 184,20 202,9 past ind. (haben funden) 146,6 — pass. pres. ind. (wirt funden) 68,9 84,18 102,5 112,4 118.2 130,9 140,9 146,9 160,1 168,7

172,18 174,11-12 188,6 sim. 142,7 174,16 (würt fundenn) 56,8 (wirt gefunden) 64,14 70,8 sim. 90,15 (werden funden) 66,9 156,16 sim. 100,16 finger n. m. 144,6 176,18 - pl. (vier) 152,17 finster adj. (-stre wolcken) 172,17 — n. neut. (an dem finstern) 142,11 (= im Dunkeln) fin(n)sternis n. f . (-nn-) 118,6 (-n-) 134,14 finstre n. f . 118,7 (des gesichts; = 'Amblyopie') 158,14 violfarb adj. 66,8.18 98,7 viridis adj. n. neut. (viride aeris) 198,2 fistel n. f . 82,4.11 (bis) 136,9 - pl. (-len) 76,3 (-In) 68,10 76,3 80,2 92,18 198,14.18 uita n. f . (aurum -ae) 104,10 vitriol —» victril(l) sim. vitriolum n. neut. 202,8 —» victril sim. vitrum n. neut. 200,2 uiuus adj. (argentum -um) 90,12 (calx -a) 106,13 108,4 (sulphur -um) 180,14 flamm n. m. 204,17 fleck n. m. pl. (-cken) 160,15 (inwendig) 202,11.12 (vnder den äugen) 82,13 (weisse -cken im augapffel) 158,11 (maitzige) 190,2 flecken —» gefleckt flechte n. f . pl. 190,9.14 flegma n. f . (feucht, zehe) 90,4 fleysch, fleisch (88,1 84,11) n. neut. (fleysch) 70,1.2 96,13 114,16 200,20 (fleysch in der nasen) 136,11 (böß fleysch) 90,8 (erwachsen fleysch) 126,6 (faul fleysch) 84,8 92,17 114,16 136,8 190,8 (faul fleisch) 88,1 (faulfleysch) 76,5 78,8 82,14 186,2 (frisch fleysch) 202,10 (geilfleysch) 186,14.16 (geyl fleysch der äugen) 170,12 (geschnitten fleysch) 126,19 (gewaschen fleysch) 126,19 (schweinen fleysch) 182,8 (überig fleysch) 70,1 (überig geilfleysch) 186,1 (überflüssig fleysch) 76,1 170,17 (überflüssig fleisch) 84,11 (überflüssig böß geyl fleysch) 110,15 (zugelegt fleysch) 80,6 fleyschig adj. 116,4 fliegen v. s. pres. inf. 124,17 fliessen v. s. pres. ind. (fleusset) 168,7 inf. 202,4 (zefliessen) 196,8 fluss n. m. 60,10 78,6 (in dem affter) 74,15 (der weiber) 144,19 (weisser, roter -ß der frawen) 132,10-11 - pl.

Index Verborum of the German Text (fluß) 132,10 (flüß) 60,7 (flüß des blüts) 192,11 (flüsse des feuchten zanfleysch) 186,23 (alle -ß des leibs) 132,12 flüssig adj. 60,8 vogel n. m. (des -ls alten) 114,1 — pl. (vögel) 136.1 Volbringen v. w. pres. ind. (-gen) 68,2 volck n. neut. pl. (arabische völcker) 66,15 volgen v. w. pres. ind. (-gt) 148,4 voll adj. (schein) 72,7 (die brüst voll milch) 120,8 (vj. eymer voll wasser) 108,23 von(n f-prep. 52,2.5.16 56,1 58,9.10.14 68.4 often (heilet die fistel von grundt auß) 76,3 82,12 (etzet die wartzen von grundt auß) 108,14 (von vnden vff) 150,15 (von jm selb) 170,8 (von stund) 58,14.19 vor prep. 124,26 128,11 130,14 adv. ( = vorher) 100,19 -> vorhin forcht n. f . 150,3 forchtsam adj. (-me t r i u m ) 172,8 vorhin adv. 82,11 110,1 —» vor f o r m n. / . 64,5 - pl. (-men) 178,15 fratt adj. (hüfften) 188,2 (oren) 184,13 fraw(e) n. f . 58,13 72,1 120,7 182,14 184,4 (schwangere) 144,13 (schwanger geberende) 176,5 - pl. (-wen) 60,8 102,14 158,14 (sewgende) 138,17 (fluß) 128.2 (weisser vnd roter fluß) 132,11 frawen milch n. f . (frawen milch / die (sc. frawe) jr erst geboren kindt seuget) 162,10 f r e m b d adj. (bilger) 144,6 (siechtage) 68,11 freude n. f . 144,9 - pl. (-den) 174,4 fride n. m. 174,5 frisch adj. 106,16 (fleysch) 202, 10 (wunden) 162,19 192,23 f r i s c h e » . / . 174,4 frölich adj. 60,4 140,7 196,14 (geblüt) 88,5 f r u c h t n. f . 130,14 - pl. (fruchte) 136,1 fruchtbar adj. 138,17 f r u m b adj. 66,3 fuca n. f . (die blüm des steyns heyßt - a) 68,11 füllen v. w. pres. ind. (-llet) 70,2 78,9 120,7 — pass. pres. ind. (würt gefüllt) 118,11 f u n c k e n. m. pl. (-cken) 130,14 f u n d g r u b n. f . (ader oder fundgrub) 70,15

369

f u n f f t num. ord. (geschlecht) 66,17 f ü r - prep. 54,18 82,16 88,14 94,2 96,14 104,9 often fürhalten v. s. pass. past part. (fürgehaltne wand) 146,11 f ü r t k o m m e n v. s. pres. ind. (fürt kommen) 200,19 fuss n. m. pl. (füsse) 182,19 gagates n. m. 58,1.2.15 138,4.5 galactides n. m. 138,14.15 gantz adj. 54,9 66,11 148,9 (kunst) 202,6 gast n. m. pl. (geste) 144,7 gar adv. 58,7 62,5 76,7 92,14 108,10 122,5 124,16 152,17 156,6 164,7 186,7 gb- -> gebgdunckt —» tuncken geben v. s. pres. ind. (gibt) 66,12 68,7 72,8 80,10 92,14 120,4 122,7 138,15 140,1 146,11 162,20 174,10 176,14 196,5 (gebent) 140,3 subj. (gebend [!]) 106,11 imp. (gib) 58,18 110,6 pass. past part. (geben) 56,15 geberen v. s. pres. ind. (-bin) 184,4 inf. 58,14 72,1 gebew n. neut. pl. (zeychen) 160,5 gebirg n. neut. (teutsches) 146,7 geblüt n. neut. 148,1 (böses) 58,10 (gut) 90,10 (gut frölich) 8 8 , 5 - 6 gebreste(n) n. m. 76,1 (gbresten der aussetzigkeit) 86,14 - pl. (alte) 190,8 (sunderliche -n die da faulen vnd alt sein) 108,17 geburt n. f . 58,14 72,2 134,5 144,13 176,1 (leichte) 140,1 180,8 (schnelle) 134,6 (todte) 182,14 pl. (böse) 68,7 gedancke n. m. geel, gelb, gele adj. (geel) 58,6 (gele) 200,9 (gelb) 202,9 (geel agsteyn) 58,4 (geel weiß färb) 100,12 (gele vnd weisse färb) 100,7 ge(e)lfarb adj. (geel-) 144,2 154,3 (geeladern) 56,10 (geel- aug) 104,22 (gel- steyn) 100,6 (geel- stein) 180,3 geelsucht n. f . 168,3 g(e)elsüchtig adj. n. m. pl. (gelsüchtige) 154,11-12 geel weiß adj. (färb) 100,12 gefallen v. s. pres. ind. (-feilt) 112,21 inf. (wolgefallen) 112,10 g e f e r d « . / . 116,13 gefleckt adj. 62,8 —» flecken gegen prep. 98,13 116,13 118,9 120,4 146,10.11 174,5 196,5 204,17

370

Indices

gegicht n. neut. 92,15 182,19 gehn v. an. pres. ind. (geht) 122,10 168,15 (gehet [!]) 106,16 part, (gehnd) 72,8 inf. 94,14 194,8 (lasset sie gehn) 110,2 refl. (geht hinder sich) 82,17 (= zurückweichen, sich heben) —» vmbgehn gehör n. neut. (gsicht vnd -r) 92,15 geil, geyl adj. (geyl fleysch) 110,15 170,12 (geilfleysch) 186,14.16 geyßmilch n. f . 92,19 geist, geyst n. m. (geyst) 154,3 (anlauff (des) bösen geists) 54,19 - pl. (die bösen geyst) 138,8 (die lebendigen geyst) 158,6 gelb, gele —» geel g(e)leich adj. with dat. (gl-) 54,13 56,6.8 62.10 64,14 68,12.14.15 70,15 72,6 74,12 96,21 98,6.7 108,19 116,12 126,18 130,16 140,13 146,5.14 148,2 196,2 (gel-) 70,1 116,12 (gleich als) 56.11 62,18 100,12 108,9 - adv. (gl-) 72,8 126,11 200,14 (gleich vil) 96,20 190,12 (gleich als) 106,7 120,13 conj. gleich ob 94,11 —» desgleichen geleych n. neut. pl. (ancken / glider odder geleych) 168,13 gelfarb —> geelfarb gleichen v. s. pres. ind. (-chet) 156,6.7 gelid —» glid gelsüchtig —» geelsüchtig gemecht n. neut. 150,16 gemein, gemeyn adj. (-meyn saltz) 152,16 (-meines Saltz) 188,6 gemeynlich adv. 112,15 gemma —>salgemma gemüt, gemüt n. neut. (-müt) 174,5 176,5 (wütend bewegt -üt) 64,6 (vnsinnigkeyt des -üts) 204,16 genem adj. 112,10 gneygt —» neigen genesen v. s. pres. ind. (-niesest) 190,11 (-nißt) 92,21 geniessen v. s. past ind. (-nossen hat) 176,15 genß schmaltz n. neut. 150,18 genüg adv. 96,6.8 108,9 114,12 gerecht adj. 110,2 geren v. s. pres. inf. 170,19 gern adj. 190,12 (= häufig) 116,3 202,9 ( = leicht) 114,14.18 164,6 gersten —» gersten korn, gerstenmeel gersten adj. —> gersten korn, gerstenmeel gerstenmeel n. neut. 186,22 geruch n. m. 162,17 (des weins) 68,3

gesaltzen —> saltzen g(e)schehen v. s. pres. ind. (geschieht) 96,18 120,13 170,6 inf. (gschehen) 114.12 geschickt adj. 72,14 112,17 geschirr(e) n. neut. (-irr) 152,17 (-irre) 134.13 (jrden -irr) 92,2 g(e)schlecht n. neut. (gschlecht) 148,3 (geschlecht) 56,8 66,8 160,16 (der carfunckel gschl-) 106,10 (der carfunckel geschl-) 140,5 (geschl- des cristallin) 60,16 (geschl- der gesteyn) 62,12 (geschl- des zinobers) 120,14 (ander geschl-) 66,13 (dritt geschl-) 56,9 (vierd geschl-) 56,11 66,16 g(e)schmack n. m. (gschmack) 100,6 (versaltzner geschmack) 80,14.15 g(e)schwer n. neut. (gesch-) 76,15 (gesch- in der kelen) 188,1 (gesch- der lungenn) 102,12 104,16 - pl. (geschwer, -re) 60,11 84,11 110,14 170,16 186,6.14 194,15 204,12 (gschwer) 82,15 194,3 (gesch- der äugen) 116,9 (betrugliche gesch-) 70,2 192,20 (böse gesch-) 102,8 (brennend tobende gesch-) 186,26 (tieffe gesch-) 68,18 (vmsichessende gesch-) 186,23—24 (masen der gesch-) 126,9 geschwinden v. s. pres. ind. (-schwindt) 158,8 (-schwinden) 86,19 geschwulst, gschwulst n. f . (gsch-) 76,10 (gesch-) 198,11 g(e)sicht n. neut. (ges-) 66,12 86,4 112,13 144,15 172,9 196,13.18 (gs-) 92,15 (gesder vmbstehnden) 166,6.15 (scharpff ges-) 166,14 (finstre ges-) 158.14 gespenst n. neut. pl. 146,3 (böse) 126,15 gesprengt —» sprengen gestalt n. f . (der erden) 124,8 gestanck n. m. (vnder den achseln) 152,4 gestehn v. an. pres. ind. (-steht) 200,12 gesteyn n. neut. (edel) 58,15 — pl. (geschlecht) 62,12 gestüpe n. neut, pl. (-en) 172,12 gesundt adj. 196,13 gewicht n. neut. (schwer) 156,1 gewinnen v. s. pres. ind. (-nnt) 52,17 (-nnen) 114,14 gewiß adj. 120,6 (artznei) 104,11 giessen v. s. pres. ind. (geussest) 202,4 (geusset) 178,15 imp. (geuß) 82,6 108,23 inf. (zegiessen) 152,20 gifft n. neut. 54,19 98,16 100,3.10 116,1

Index Verborum of the German Text 134,15 144,8 176,15 192,7 (alles) 62.16 (vil) 94,10 (tödtlich) 192,8 (krafft) 100,3 - pl. (alle -te) 194,6 gifftig adj. (artzneien) 194,5 (krafft) 78,15 (thier) 192,10 gips, gyps n. m. (gips) 140,11 160,2.7 (gyps) 140,13 gipsum n. neut. 140,12 160,3.4 glantz n. m. (lauter) 52,17 (rechter) 52,21 glas, glaß, glasz n. neut. (glaß) 62,10 180,4 (glasz) 200,1 (glas) 200,9 202,1.2.4.6 (gestossen -s) 204,2 - pl. (gleser) 92,8 glaßfarb adj. 62,12 (steyn) 204,15 gllsin adj. (helm) 188,12 glas puluer n. neut. 200,17 glast n. m. 80,10 (der sonnen) 118,10 glat(t) adj. (glatt) 114,9 (glat) 148,10 158,2 (ein glat steyn) 138,5 gleich, gleichen - * geleich, geleichen glesten v. w. pres. ind. (-stet) 100,13 106,6 128,1 (-sten) 106,11 part. (-sten) 54,10 (-end) 146,18 (schwartz glesten farbig) 54,10 (-ende grün, -ne) 166,11 196,15 (-ennd steyn) 134,18 glet(t) n. f . (glet) 120,13 152,12.21 (glett) 152,3 —> golt glet glid n. neut. pl. (-der) 82,8 92,15 (alle -der des menschen) 86,8 (alle innerliche) 92,10 (andere) 182,19 (faulwerdung) 104,14 (glider odder geleych) 168,13 glüen v. w. pres. part, (-nd) 170,5 (kolen) 94,13 gm-, gngern-, gengnadreich adj. 174,5 gnugssamlich adv. 100,11 golt, goldt, gold n. neut. (-ld) 84,18 86,1 88,8.15 132,17 174,17 (-ldt) 84,16 86,7.9.11.17.20 88,3.7.10 196,2 (-lt) 54.17 86,13 88,5 104,11 116,12 118,14 (-ld des lebens) 104,10 (gefeielt -t) 88,14 (geschahen -ldt) 86,15 (reyn -dt) 88,11 (reyn -ld) 88,12 (scrupel -Ids) 92,6 golt ertz n. neut. (marcasit / das ist -tz) 52,20 golden—> güldin goltfarb adj. (victril) 202,11 golt glet n. f . 152,15 - > glet(t) goldschmid n. m. pl. 132, 16 Gott n. m. 174,5 gP" - » g e Pgrab n. neut. pl. (graber) 176,2

371

graben v. s. pres. ind. (grebt) 198,5 inf. 142,13 - pass, past part, (ge-n) 178,14 grad n. m. (ander) 60,3 74,6 102,7 108,1 148,13 156,16 164,9 (dritter) 74,14 80,13 148,13 (erster) 102,7 124,7 126.4 150,8 200,4 (vierdter, -r) 92,9 94,7 136,5 168,11 182,2 188,8 190,7 202.13 (ij.) 114,5 granat n. m. 140,5.7 - pl. (-ten) 60,16 142.14 granatapffel n. m. 68,15 granatus n. m. 140,4 greiffen v. s. pres. inf. 74,4 gerund 74,5 grien n. neut. 162,4 grind(t) n. m. (-dt) 84,4.5 92,13 148,6 152,8 164.15 184,1 190,14 (-d) 88,15 (artzneien des -des) 186,15 grindig adj. 82,8 grindt —» grind grob adj. 148,10 158,1 (feuchtigkeit, -keyt) 188,9 156,5 (feuchtung) 148,16 156.10 (perlin) 158,l(bis) (stechen) 198,19 groß adj. 146,7 (artznei) 102,10 (ding) 122.5 (drachenn) 130,1 (feur) 160,1 (lungenseucht) 122,15 (onmacht) 158,8 (schaden) 92,11 (stuck) 148.11 with gen. (einer halben haselnuß -ß) 94,15 - comp, (grösser) 64,16 (lob) 66,6 - sup. (gróste tugent) 54,17 grosse, grosse n. f . (gròsse) 54,13 (grosse) 166.12 grübe n. f . pl. (-en) 184,18(bis) grün adj. 162,3 176,9 198,7 200,9 (färb) 98,6 (Jaspis) 146,1 grün(e) n. f . (-ne) 176,9 (glestende -n) 166,11 (weiß glestende -ne) 196,15 grund n. m. (von grund auß) 108,14 grünfarb adf;'. 144,11 (stein) 134,8 grflnspan n. m. pl. (alle -n odder kupffer rost) 198,9 gschlecht —» geschlecht gschmack —> geschmack gschwer —» geschwer gschwulst —> geschwulst gsicht —» gesicht guld —> gold güldin, guldin, gulden adj. (guld- aderflüß) 78,1 (guldin düpfflin) 118,4 (güldin düpflin) 148,9 güldin färb adj. 152,1 gummi n. m., neut. 52,4 204,18 (eins baums) 60,3 (-i albotin) 184,14 (iarabicum) 132,6 (-i serapinum) 96,19

372

Indices

guss n. m. 202,4 gute n. f . 172,6 gut, gutt (70,6 84,3 144,8 158,13 182,5), gut (186,18) adj. 52,9.11 54,18 56,13 60,6. 11 70,3.6 76,18 82,13.15.19 84,3(bis) 88,4.12 94,2 102,8.11.14.15 104,7.15 112,20 122,14 124,13.14.16 126,8 134,3 138,7 148,5.12 158,1 164,8 166,5 168,3 172,18 180,7 182,5.19 184,8.11 186,1. 18 188,9.11 190,14 192,7.10.11.18 198,15 200,8 204,15 (dinge) 174,5 (ende) 112,19 (verstentnis) 68,7 (geblut) 88,5 90,10 148,14 (krafft) 162.9 (seyff) 108,20 (tiriack) 94,14 (wein) 170,6 - adv. 58,7 -> wol comp, besser 74,13 86,4 112,15 114,2 144,3 158,1 164,17 (smaragd) 176.10 - sup. best 92,7 142,8 144,11 152,1 162,15 (alabastrites) 62,6 (alaun) 80,14 (ametist) 66,18 (arsenicum) 94,10 (berillus) 98,11 (bolus armenus) 102,6 (victril) 202,10 (vitriol) 204,6 (gips) 140,13 160,4 (jacinct) 142,12 (carfunckel) 106,10 (kißlinge) 178,12 (kupffer rost) 198,5 (meersaltz) 184,20 (nitrum) 164,9 (salniter) 164,6 (saltz) 184,19 (saphir) 172,17 (smaragde) 176,13 (spongrun) 198,7 (steyn) 154,16 (weinsteyn) 190,7 - adv. (aller best) 92,7 -> baß gyps -> gips haben v. an.; v. aux. pres. ind. (hat) 56,5(bis).10 60,17 66,1.6 (haben) 66,11 often i n f . (haben) 96,10 150,18 subj. (hette) 74,15 (hett) 136,11 158.11 (het) 150,13 (hab) 182,9 - v. aux. to form p e r f . tense 64,16 (gessen hat) 100,10 (hat gesogen) 122,8 (haben . . . funden) 146,6 (verzweiffeit hat) 162,12 (haben . . . gemacht) 176,2 (genossen hat) 176,15 (hat geholffen) 182,5 often hader n. m. 54,19 128,5 hafen n. m. (newer) 108,8 hifener n. m. pl. (werck) 72,13 hagel n. m. 136,1 (schaden) 126,3 — pl. 130,15 hager bezaar, hagerbezaar n. m. (Hager bezaar) 98,16-17 (Hagerb-) 100,1 halb adj. (quintin) 86,15 (quintlin) 156,11 (haselnuß) 94,15 (lot) 96,5 (viertheyl) 104,1 (pfundt) 108,21 (eymer) 110,6.7

(stund) 110,8 (maß) 190,9 - pl. dat. used as prep, (seiner tugent -ben) 58,15 hals, halß n. m. (-ß) 58,9 116,15 124,13 126.15 144,6 (geschwer am -s) 186,6 (-s) 204,15 - pl. (hils) 150,3 hals geschwere n. neut. 186,7—8 hal(l)ten v. s. pres. ind. (hellt) 58,19 (helt) 138.6 (halltet) 142,8 (haltet) 160,11 168,4 178,2 196,4 i n f . (halten) 80,16 — pass. pres. ind. (gehalten wiirdt) 98,14 past part, (werdt ge-n) 66,3 —• zsamenhalten hand, handt n. f . (-dt) 132,2 196,3 (-d) 168.4 (rechte -dt) 196,4 - pl. (hende) 94,11 (henden) 148,14 hangen v. s. pres. ind. (-n) 100,1 i n f . (-n) 148,14 har n. neut. 96,3.11 128,13(bis) 170,13 176.16 (-r auff dem kopff) 172,11 (eins . . . lówen) 56,6 (weych) 200.5 - pl. (-r) 96,8 164,12 200,13 (-re) 96,9.10 -> esels har har außfallen n. neut. 200,8 ham n. m. 58,19 152,6 harnen v. w. pres. ind. (-net) 124,15 154,5 hart, hert adj. (hert) 54,10 80,12 136,17 142,13 170,3 204,6 (hart) 96,8 124,11 200,12 (herte anmale) 198,15 (harte aposteme) 110,10.11 116,10 (herte aposteme) 194,16 (harte stein, steyn) 52,7 54,9 (herte stein) 178,11 härte n. f . 64,5 hartz n. neut. 184,5 198,17 haselnus, haselnuß n. f . 54,13 (halb) 94,15 (grosse) 166,12 hasenn har n. neut. 142,5 haupt, haubt n. neut. 84,2 92,13 160,10 166,1 204,11 (des drachen) 128,17 (Schwindel) 158,7 (die vnsaubere) 190.15 (die Schiffern) 200,5 - pl. (zu den haupten) 56,17 haut n. f . 96,13 108,11.12 114,9 116,3 160,8 162.7 164,11 168,4 172,5 (eins lówen) 56,6 (ander) 116,4 (aussetzig) 182,11 (maletzet) 96,16 (rauh) 114,13 (scharff) 96,14 150,12 (vnreyn) 182.16 (iucken) 186,4 hauwen v. w. pass, past part. 178,14 he—> eheben v. w. pres. ind. (hebt) 146,10 204.17 - pass, past part, (gehebt) 120,4 hefften v. w. pres. i n f . 90,9 heylen::" v. w. pres. ind. (heylt) 56,15 68,10 68,18 70,2 76,3 often (heylet)

Index Verborum of the German Text 76,3 108,19 110,14 112,12 162,11 192,13.20 184,1 (heylen) 198,10.13. 14 inf. (heylen) 68,10 heilsam adj. 140,14 heymlicheyt n. f . (der gantzen kunst) 202,6 heiss, heyss* adj. (heyß) 60,3 94,12 136,5 140,7 148,12 168,11 often (heiß) 78,12 92,9.22 (heisser complexion) 74,5 (heisser natur) 88,15 (heysse krafft) 198,9 heissen, heyssen v. s. pres. ind. (heyßt) 68,11 98,16 166,6 188,5 (heysset) 100,2 146,12 (heyst) 108,4 (heyssen) 66,14 148,1 154,5 (heissen) 180,3 subj. (heyß) 148,3 helffen v. s. pres. ind. (hilfft) 76,1 82,9 84,7 88,3 100,10 often (hilffet) 96,18 198,18.19 past ind. (hat . . . geholffen) 182,5—6 — pass. pres. ind. intrans. with dat. (so wiirt jnen geholffen) 112,24 hencken v. w. pres. ind. (henckt) 150,3 (hencket) 176,6 refl. (henckt sich) 124,10 — pass, past part, (gehenckt) 72,1 124,13 126,3.15 (gehencket) 118,12 144,6 her adv. (hin vnd her) 92,20 herausser thun v. s. pres. inf. 188,16 herauss machen v. w. pres. ind. (macht . . . herauß) 126,13-14 heraus ziehen v. s. pres. ind. (zeuhet . . . herauß) 126,14 hernach adv. 52,1 herr n. m. 88,8 - pl. (zorn) 112,20 hert —> hart hertung n. f . pl. 62,14 hertz n. neut. 60,4.5 86,9 88,5 90,10 134,18 140,7 144,9 148,17 158,6.10 194,9 (dem zittern hertzen) 88,3 (zittern) 86,11 158,7 hertz geblüt n. neut. 60,14 herwiderumb adv. 64,9 heuschrecke, hewschrecke n. f . pl. (heu-) 130,15 (hew-) 136,1 heuw(esche) n. f . 200,3 hey—> heihiena n. f . 142,6.7 hiene n. f . 142,7 hieralogodium n. neut. 86,15 hievon adv. 138,13 180,11 hilff n. f . 104,16 hymel n. m. (klar) 172,16 himel blafar adj. 148,9 himelfarb n. f . 156,1

373

hin adv. (hin und her) 92,20 hinder adv. 82,17 hindern v. w. pres. ind. (-rt) 144,18 176,6 hin nemen v. s. pres. ind. (nimpt hin) 68.19 126,11 170,12.17 (nimpt . . . hin) 56,14 78,8 (nimmet hin) 98,9 inf. (hin zunemen) 152,3 —> nemen hinweg nemen v. s. pres. ind. (nimpt . . . hinweg) 186,16 hirtzhorn n. neut. (gebraut) 124,20 hitz n. f . 60,12 132,12 180,18 (der sonnen) 130,13 (inwendig) 174,2 hitzig adj. 60,11 (brunst) 152,12 hoch adj. (berge) 124,9 — sup. n. neut. (das höchst) 126,14 höchst —» hoch hol adj. 164,10 (zene) 126,13 holderöl n. neut. 190,1 hören v. w. pass. pres. ind. 70,14 holtz n. neut. (birbiumen) 52,16 (birbaumen) 52,26 54,2 — pl. (esch der bittern höltzer) 122,13 -> linden holtz höltzin adj. (stengel) 82,16 höltzlin n. neut. 188,10 honig* n. m. 70,3 82,10 84,9 94,1 120,7 (schlecht) 116,17 often honigfarb adj. 62,8 honig wasser, honigwasser n. neut. (honig wasser) 132,5 194,2 (honigwasser) 156.11 202,16 hornfarb adj. 62,10 hübsch adj. 114,9 178,4 188,13 hüfft n. f . 134,6 140,1 176,6 - pl. (den fratten hufften) 188,2 hünerschmaltz n. neut. 100,19 hüten v. w. pres. inf. refl. (sich hüten vor) 182,8

husten n. m. 104,16 168,16 h y — • hihysop —* ysop

(bös alt) 96,2

ich, jch pers. pron. (jch) 100,11 (ich) 100.12 ie adv. (ie mer) 146,18 (ye mehr) 86,6 iedes indef. pron. 76,8 186,6 190,12 (eins -den) 158,19 ieglich, iglich indef. pron. (ieglichs) 82,5 96.20 132,8 (iglichs) 92,23 iemand(t) indef. pron. (-nd) 146,1 196,4 (-ndt) 162,7 (-nt) 172,7 ietzt adv. 62,6 iglich —* ieglich im, jm —» in(n)

374

Indices

imber n. m. 82,17 in(n)* prep. (in) 54,14.17 56,2.9(bis) 66,9 (bis).10 often (jn) 54,15 (inn) 74,3 contr. im, jm = in dem (im) 56,15 66,1 74,5 (jm) 138,13 178,6 inbrunst n. m. (der unkeuscheyt) 196,7 Indisacon —» Index Verborum P. N. ingeben —» inngeben ingeweyd n. neut. (kat vnd wüst) 106,1 (apostema) 126,9 — pi. (schweren vnd eyttern) 164,20 jn mitten adv. 104,22 innemen v. s. pass, past part, (ingnommen) 102,9 (ingenommen) 202,16 (jngnommen) 192,6 innerlich adj. (glider) 92,10 inngeben v. s. pres. ind. (-gibt) 120,7 pass, past part, (ingeinschlicken v. s. schlickt) 1 3 2 , 6 - 7 insel » . / . 56,9 174,16 intrincken v. s. pass, past part, (ingetruncken) 92,10 inwendig adj. 78,3 (hitz) 174,2 — adv. 72,8 202,11.12 204,7 jr : ' 1. pass. pron. 60,4.8 76,15 78,9 often (jm) 58,20 2. pers. pron. —> sie jrden adj. (platte oder geschirr) 92,2 irdisch adj. (substantz) 122,4 irdischeyt n. f . 182,1 iris n. f . 146,4.5.12 iscultos n. m. 146,13.14 item, jtem adv. 84,10 108,15.20 110,10 132,12 164,20 iucken v. w. pres. inf. subst. 84,3 90,7 186.4 194,15 jacinct n. m. 142,10.11 172,4 - pi. (Ja-ten) 66,8.13 jar n. neut. pi. (drei) 64,15 jaspis, iaspis n. m. (Ja-) 54,1 130,16 146,3 178,2 (la-) 144,10.11 (grüner Ja-) 146,1 jung adj. (kind) 150,3 — n. m. pi. (-gen) 112.5 200,18.19 jungfraw n. f . 58,17.18 138,10.11 (reyn) 58,19 k a — » cakai adj. (stat) 128,13 kalck n. m. 96,6 106,12.16 108,1.2.3.7.9. 10.11.15.16.20 110,11.13 (geleschter) 106,15 (lebendiger) 106,14 108,4 (vngelescht) 96,3.5 108,13 110,10 (schaum) 160,4

kalckofen n. m. 106,16 kalckwasser n. neut. 108,13 kalt adj. 74,13 76,14 90,3 94,1 102,7 114,5 124,7 126,4 130,12 144,5 150,7 156,16 160,6 192,6 (aposteme) 116,9 (complexion) 154,8 (natur) 132,1 136,17 (orenwee) 168,14 (steyn) 120,4 kappaun, kappe n. m. (kappaun) 64,16 (kappe) 64,15 —» capaunstein karabe, carabe n. m. (ka-) 58,2 (ca-) 60,2

kat n. m. (alt) 92,1 (des ingeweyds) 106,1 keichen v. w. pres. inf. subst. 94,13 104,6 182,13 kein, keyn adj.; indef. pron. (blater) 192,13 (bluten) 60,13 (feuchtigkeyt) 122,4 (feur) 144,1 (faul fleisch) 88,1 (gschmack) 100,6 (hare) 96,10 (jungfrawe) 58,16 (materie) 86,10 (schaden) 192,8 (steynlin) 170,4 - pron. 64,16 96,4.10 192,11 kelbern adj. (leder) 112,7 kele, keel n. f . 82,15.16 186,7.9(bis) (keel) 186,10 188,10 kelte n. f . 114,7 120,3 150,7 kelten v. w. pres. ind (keltet) 90,5 128,11 142,1 part. (kelten) 130,17 gerund 202,3 kessel n. m. 110,4 keusch adj. 144,12 174,2 keuschheit n. f . 180,6 kind(t) n. neut. (-d) 58,13 (-dt) 162,10 - pl. (junge -d) 150,3 kindsharn n. m. 182,10 kiselstein n. m. 178,9 kissling n. m. 178,11 klar adj. 60,9 80,14 142,12(bis) 158,2 170,10 172,6 188,7 (hymel) 172,16 (wasser) 64,14 - comp. 74,13 kleyd n. neut. 146,17 - pl. (-der) 164,4 klein, kleyn adj. (kleyn) 112,14 146,7 158,1.2 (kleyn Armenien) 66,9 (kleine klötzlin) 76,6 (ein kleyn weil) 96,17 (kleyne weisse stein) 100,15 (kleyn vnnderscheydt) 164,4 — comp. (kleyner) 56,8 172,4 kleren v. w. pres. ind. (-ret) 170,20 klötzlin n. neut. pl. 204,2 (kleine) 76,6 klotz n. m. 170,5 knodecht adj. 158,3 k o — » cokochen v. w. pres. inf. 200,20 — pass.

Index Verborum of the German Text pres. ind. (wird ge-cht) 200,20 pass. part. (ge-cht) 180,18 kole n. f . pl. (-n) 170,5 (glüend) 94,13 k o m a n n. m. 54,1 kom(m)en v. s. pres. ind. sg. (kumpt) 92,14 (kommet) 98,6 118,2 (kompt) 58,10 86,11 116,1 118,7 120,3 122,3 often pl. (kommen) 158,6 (-mment) 176,11 subj. (käme) 92,19 (kerne) 134,14 (komme) 104,14 past subj. (kommen were) 196,16 konig, künig n. m. (k6nig) 88,8 — pl. (zorn der künig) 112,20 k ö n n e n v. an. pres. ind. (kanst) 58,18 (kan) 142,8 178,6 kopff n. m. 172,11 kornlin n. neut. 56,1 — pl. 142,14 korniol —» corneol köstlich adj. (steyn) 166,13 - comp. 86,1 118.3 - sup. 106,4 krafft n. f . 78,14 84,7 92,5 98,12 108,5 114,2 128,11 130,1.10 144,8.14.18 146,2 156.8 160,8 164,17 170,9 186,11 190,15 194,13 (des giffts) 100,3 (des steins) 128.4 (gifftige) 78,15 (resse scharpffe heysse) 198,9 (zweyfaltige) 162.9 kranck adj. (mensch) 82,7 kranckheit, kranckheyt n. f . (-heit) 134,5 (-heyt) 184,1 (mancherley -heyt des leibs) 124,21 — pl. melancholische -heiten) 74,9 kratzen v. w. pres. ind. (-tzet) 184,6 inf. subst. 200,16 kraut n. neut. (das - Elitropa) 134,10 (safft) 86,17 krebs n. m. 76,4 82,2 84,5 kreutz n. neut. 146,1 kreye n. f . pl. (-en) 200,18 k r i — > cripl. (-n) 180,3 krieche n. m. krieg n. m. 54,19 128,5 krimmen v. w. pres. inf. subst. 132,18 164,18 krotte n. f . (lebendige) 104,22 krottensteyn n. m. 104,19 kügelin n. neut. pl. 152,21 k r u m m adj. (wolcke) 172,19 künfftig adj. (ding) 142,8 178,6 künig —> könig kunst n. f . 198,6 (gantze) 202,6 (rechte)52,6 k u p f f e r n. neut. 52,14.21.24 86,5 92,4 178,15 (gebrant) 198,12 k u p f f e r rost n. m. 198,4 - pl. 198,9

375

lache n. f . pl. (wüste) 92,1 lame n. f . 168,3 land n. neut. 102,5 196,12 (der Meder) 162,2 lang adj. 116,4 (siechtage) 112,8 (zeit) 80.16 116,7 - adv. 190,5 (als l a n g . . . biß) 114,12 (so lang biß das) 152,13 - comp. 86,1 110,3 (-s lapis n. m. (-s lazuli) 148,8 150,1 sanguinalis) 130,7 lassen* v. s. pres. ind. (laßt) 54,15 70,4 130,14 170,7.19 often (last) 134,3 (lasset) 86,10 96,8 110,2 (lasset sie . . . gehn) 110,2 imp. 82,6.7 92,23 94,13 96,9.16 often (laß stehn) 108,23-24 110.3 152,17 (laßt stehn) 192,23 refl. (substitute passive) 86,1 138,2 142,14 164,6 200,11 202,11 - pass, pres. ind. (ge-n würt) 56,2- past part. (ge-n) 76,2 82,4 188,10.14 (gl-n) 136,9 last n. m. 92,6 laster n. neut. 176,5 - pl. 62,10 lasur n. f . 74,4 lasurfarbe n. f . 74,2 lasursteyn, lazursteyn n. m. (-S-) 148,7 ( - Z - ) 148,9 later n. m. 194,12 laug, laugen(n) n. f . 110,2.11 122,14 (frische) 96,22 (überige) 110,7 laus n. f . pl. (leuss) 84,2.13 92,13 (leuse) 166,1 laut(t)er adj. 76,17 132,17 198,15 (glantz) 52.17 (wasser) 52,22.24 96,12 (wein) 102,16 190,7 - n. neut. 110,1.4 lawe adj. 130,12 laxi(e)ren v. w. pres. ind. (-iert) 62,14 156,9 (-iret) 156,4 inf. (-iren) 190,16 lazulus n. m. (lapis -i) 148,8 150,1 leben v. w. pres. ind. (-bet) 130,4 gerund (gold des -bens) 104,10 past ind. (hat ge-bet) 64,16 lebendig adj. (geyst) 158,6 (kalck) 106,14 108.4 (krotte) 104,21 (silber) 90,14 leber n. f . 64,15 leber färb adj. 162,15 lebersüchtige, -suchtige n. m. pl. (-u-) 104,8 (-Ü-) 162,20 leber wetage n. m. pl. 98,9 leder n. neut. (bockin) 52,12 (kelbern) 112,8 (weiss) 52,18.22 ledigen v. w. pres. ind. (-get) 68,4 186,26 (-gt) 154,11

376

Indices

lefftze n. f . pl. (-n) 84,5 (feuchte) 84,9 legen* v. w. pres. ind. (legst) 68,3 (legest) 92,5.7 (legt) 58,12 80,1 100,9 134.12 138,12 144,3 often imp. (leg) 78,2 (lege) 94,13 96,20 subj. (lege) 136.13 — pass. pres. ind. (gelegt würt) 54,15 sim. 196,8 past part, (gelegt) 56,15.17 58,13 72,15 78,4 often (glegt) 76,10 leib n. m. 60,7 70,4 86,10.20 92,19 94,17 96.9 102,9 104,17 114,18 116,2 164,12 (alle fluß) 174.4 184,6 (aller) 82,9 132,12 (kranckheyt) 124,21 (stechende blehung im —) 168,18 (geschwer im —) 194,3 (krimmen im - ) 132,19 leiblich adj. (dinge) 88,7 leicht adj. 68,10 (ding) 154,4 (geburt) 140,1 180,8 leichtiglich adv. 162,16 leichtlich adj. adv. 72,2 138,2 200,11 comp. adv. 66,19 leiden v. w. pres. ind. (-den) 144,1 leime, leym(en) n. m. (leime) 160,8 (leym) 72,15 (leymen). 72,12 192,22 leinen adj. (tüch) 112,7 leinöl n. neut. 52,20 182,18 lerne n. f . 114,6 leym(en) —> leime leymig adj. 72,13 (trucken-g) 160,6 lende n. f . pl. 162,5 lenge n. f . 96,14 lerer n. m. pl. 100,17 leschen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (wirt geleschet) 138,6 past part, (gelescht) 88,12 (kalck) 106,15 lett n. m. 72,10 192,3 letzen v. w. pass, past subj. (ge-tzt were) 150,16 leuchten v. w. pres. ind. (-tet) 64,10 106.5 118,6 168,2 (-ten) 166,11 part, (-tend) 72,8 leuss, leuse - » laus leut(t)ern v. w. pres. ind. (-tert) 88,10 164,12 (-ttern) 198,10 inf. (-tern) 190,15 - pass, past part, (ge-tert) 88.10

lieb 1. adj. comp. 118,3 2. n. f. (macht -b) 178,7 lieben v. w. pass, past ind. (ist fast ge-bet) 106,4 lieblich adj. 56,16 112,17 116,13 liecht adj. 100,13 138,5 164,9.16 170,3 (carbunckel) 166,10 - adv. 100,7

liecht n. neut. 80,10 100,13 118,6 176,10 180.9 (beschlossen) 72,8 liecht grün adj. 118,9 ligen v. s. pres. ind. (ligt) 98,8 (-gen) 158,4 190,5 inf. 176,2 - pass, past ind. (gelegen ist) 138,10 182,12 ligurius n. m. 154,1.3.5 linck adj. (arm) 54,17 118,12 (achsel) 112,8 linden adj. —» linden holtz linden holtz n. neut. 54,3 litargirium n. neut. 150,6.7 (das puluer -ium) 150,9 (des pulvers -ri) 150,13-14 lob n. m. (grösserer) 66,6 loben v. w. pres. ind. (-bt) 160,5 löblich adj. sup. (-chest) 174,10 loch n. neut. 110,12 118,11 (der mansruten) 56,2 - pl. (lócher) 78,9 (vil) 170,3 löcherig adj. 164,10 lorberöly n. neut. 92,12-13 löschen v. w. pres. ind. (-seht) 110,16 120,6 170,7 196,7 204,17 (-sehet) 170,6 lot n. neut. 86,15 92,22 108,16 132,9 186,6 (halb) 96,5 - pl. 92,23 96,5 102,17 108,15 132,9(bis) lówe n. m. (har) 56,6 (haut) 56,6 luchs n. m. 154,5 lufft n. m. 88,9 (naher) 176,9 lügen v. vi. 114,1 lung(e) n. f . (-ng) 78,15 200,8 (geschwer) 102.13 lungenseucht n. f . (grosse) 122,15 lungensüchtig adj. n. m. (blütspeien) 104,15 - pl. 178,7 lutum n. neut. (-um armenum) 102,3 lüwen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (ge-wet würt) 56,1 machen* v. w. pres. ind. (-cht) 56,16 62,16.17 72,1 76,17 88,5.16 often (-chet) 52,21 66,3 68,6 96,3 108,12 112.19 often (-chen) 60,9 108,3.7 122.10 158,15 198,15 200,18 imp. (-ch) 82,6.10 92,22 96,4.15 114,13 150.14 152,21 inf. (-chen) 60,4 102,1 108.20 114,6 132,17 146,15 acc. c. inf. 60,9 62,16 72,1 114,16 128,13 134,12 148,15 164,11 200,13 202,4 (zu-chen) 132,17 with proclisis (zemachen) 104,12 (zu-chen) 132,17 (lieb) 178,7 (milt, andechtig) 174,4

Index Verborum of the German Text (klar) 60,9 170,6 (keusch) 174,2 (subtil) 182,3 (weiß, schön) 152,15 past ind. (haben ge-cht) 176,2 -pass, pres. ind. (würt ge-cht) 54,11 80,11 120,11 122,5-6 168,8 past ind. (ist ge-cht) 70,5 98,14 152,3 174,8 part. 76,6.9 82,1 108,14.15 122,14 132,6 182,18 184,3 192,17 198,12.14 204,2 mackel n. m. pi. (-n) 204,7 magen n. m. 192,18 (der schwalben) 112,14 (böser) 104,8 (schmertzen) 62,14 (schweren und eyttern) 164,20 (weetage) 126,11 (weethumb) 124,19 magensüchtige n. m. pl. (-n) 134,1 magenwee n. neut. 116,18 154,7 mager adj. 190,12 magnes n. m. 154,14 156,9 magnesia n. f . 158,17 magnet n. m. 54,15 (bis) 154,13 172,12 mal n. neut. (drittes) 170,6 ij. mal —> zweymal maier n. m. pl. 74,4 maletzet adj. (haut) 96,16 maltzei n. f . 150,11 maitzig adj. (flecken) 190,2 man(n)* indef. pron. 52,7.13.15(bis). 18.20 often manch indef. pron. (mensch) 182,5 mancherley adj. 160,16 (färb, färbe) 56,11 62,4.11 102,6 (kranckheyt) 124,21 (steyn) 166,9 (werck) 72,13 mansrüte, mans rüte n. f . (loch) 56,3 (das schweren) 152,10 manus n. f . (manus Christi cum Perlis) 158.9 marcasit n. m. 52,20 148,12 158,16 marcasita n. f . 158,18 margarita n. f . 156,15 marinus ad!;, (belliculi-i) 100,14.15 marmelsteyn(n) n. m. (-nn) 108,3 (-n) 160,13.15 marmor n. m. 160,14 mase, mose n. f . pl. (ma-n) 184,14 (ma-n der äugen) 170,10 (mo-n der äugen) 198.10 (ma-n der cörper) 152,3 (ma-n der geschwere) 126,9 (weiß ma-n) 204,7 (weisse mo-n) 172,19 mass n. f . 102,16 (halbe -ss wein) 190,9 (halbs vierthey 1) 104,1 (auß der massen vast) 94,2 mastix n. f . 190,12 materi(e) n. f . 90,14 122,5 (faule) 86,10 mauss n. f . 72,1 ( = Oberschenkelmuskulatur) - pl. (meuß) 92,18

377

mechtig adj. 130,1 mechtiglich adv. 204,1 Medo —> Index Verborum P. N. Medus —> Index Verborum P. N. meel, mele n. neut. (meel) 188,1 (mele) 68,14 meer n. neut. 124,9.11 158,4 184,18.21 (Africe) 124,6 (Jndie) 154,15 (Jndisches) 156,2 (das rote - ) 64,4 146.6 meersaltz n. neut. 184,20 meer sand n. m. 140,10 meerstade n. m. 100,16 meer steynn n. m. 108,3 meerwasser n. neut. 98,7 mehr —> vil melancholisch adj. (kranckheiten) 74,9 (vffbleung) 118,13 melancholei, -lia, -ly n. f. (-lei) 86,12 136.7 148,15 (-lia) 136,5 (böß -ly) 58,16 mele —» meel mellicrat n. neut. 156,9 mengen v. w. pres. ind. (-gt) 142,5 mensch n. m. 58,9.10 68,4.7 116,4 136,1 142,1 144,17 174,2 186,2 (kranck) 82,7 (manch) 182,6 (vssetzig) 86,16 (gesicht) 144,15 (alle glider) 86,8 (leib) 86,20 (nabel) 100,15 (nagel) 174,10 (wund) 196,8 - pl. 122,14 200,10 (alle) 112,17.21 (schwache, blöde) 178,3 (wassersüchtige) 84,6 mer —» vil Mercurius —> Index Verborum P. N. meren v. w. pres. ind. (-ret) 60,18 refl. 160,6 merer theyl, merertheyl - » vil mertreibel wasser n. neut. 134,1 messing n. m. 116,13 metall n. neut. 74,13 (ander) 86,13 (iedes) 158,19 - pl. 92,1 ( = Bergwerk) (alle) 138,1 202,3 (ander) 86,1 metridat n. neut. 94,18 milch n. f . 120,8 138,16 182,8 196,15 (vil) 140,3 milchstein n. m. 138,15 milt adj. 174,4 miltz n. neut. 124,18 (apostemen) 126,10 (weethum) 88,13 miltz suchtige n. m. pl. 104,8 minder —* wenig mindern v. w. pres. ind. (-dert) 104,3 — pass. pres. ind. (würt ge-dert) 88,11 inf. (ge-dert werden) 8 8 , 8 - 9

378

Indices

minie n. f . (auß der Minien) 92,3 — pl. (von Minien) 92,1 mirabolan n. neut. (citrin) 76,8 mirrha n. f . 76,16 mischen"'' v. w. pres. ind. (-seht) 142,4 184,6 (-sehet) 184,14 186,19.20 188,1 subj. (-sehe) 150,9 imp. (-sch) 76,11 92,22 96,15 110,7 114,10 186,9 (-sehe) 96,20 108,22 150,9 - pass. pres. ind. (ge-scht würt) 162,19 past ind. (ge-schet ist) 194,2 part, (ge-scht) 76,2.6 92,12 108,2.11.16 110,13 often (ge-schet) 90,6 108,13 116,5 (gmischt) 82,1 86,17.18 —» darunter mischen mit(t)*prep., adv. X.prep. 52,13.14.15.16. 18.20 often - 2. adv. ( = damit) 126,13 —» damit mit sampt prep. 134,10 mittel n. neut. 72,6 mögen* v. aux. pres. ind. (magst) 82,16 (magstu) 96,9 (mag) 52,16 80,16 88,8 92,4 94,3 96,4 often mogra n. f . 162,14.15 molcke n. f . 110,13 mon n. m. 72,7 (bewegung) 178,3 monsuchtige n. m. pl. 112,9 morenlandt, moren landt n. neut. (-nl-) 130.9 (-n 1-) 140,9 (all) 124,17 morgen n. m. 116,13 mose —» mase mucke n. f . pl. (-n vor den äugen fliegen haben) 124,16 müle n. f . (staub in der -n) 142,4 mülstaub n. m. 68,12 mund(t) n. m. 66,1 116,8 178,6 198,7 (des der gifft gessen hat) 100,9 (der besessen) 138,8 (übelriechender) 114,15 (feulung) 82,19 mundtloch n. neut. 126,12 muschel n. f . pl. (-n) 158,4 müssen v. an., aux. pres. ind. (müstu) 52, 12 (muß) 58,19 170,3 mutter ( = Gebärmutter) n. f . 182,15 (blütfluß) 104,1 nabel n. m. 68,3 (des menschen) 100,15 nach* prep. 74,7 108,24 112,22 148,4 176,3 often —* darnach nach dem conj. 64,15 nachstellen v. w. pres. ind. (stellen . . . nach) 130,3 nacht n. f . 106,5.6(bis) 172,8 (übern-) 190.10 nachts adv. 64,11 204,16

nagel n. m. 96,19.21(bis).22 - pl. (negel) 184.15 nahe adj. 116,4 (lufft) 176,9 - adv. (gar nahe wie) 164,7 184,21 nahen v. w. pres. part. (-nde bletter) 154.3 nam n. m. 100,2 118,5 (Persier) 100,1 narheyt n. f . 118,14 narr n. m. 200,10 nase, naße (132,2) n. f . 60,13 76,7 78,6 136,11 160,11 204,10 (blutende) 202,14 (bluten) 60,14 76,13 (blütfluß) 72,16 (blütfluß auß der -n) 160.11 (bluten auß der -n) 60,13 (blut in der naßen) 132,2 nase(n)blüt n. neut. (-sebi-) 76,18 (-senbl-) 192,16 naße —> nase nassloch n. neut. pi. (-lócher) 76,12 80,1 132.4 natur n. f . 76,14 78,12 80,16 90,5 92,9 122,9 124,7 130,16 182,9 202,3 (Mercuri)') 202,2 (des quecksilbers) 202,2 (des saltz) 164,5 (des thieres Salamandra) 70,10 (durchsichtig) 98,4 (eygen) 124,10 (heisse) 88,15 (kalt und trucken) 132,1 (warm vnd trucken) 186,3 nebel n. m. pl. 136,1 nebelicht —» nübelicht neygen v. w. pass, past part. (gneygt zu) 158.8 nemen* v. s. pres. ind. (nimpt) 56,1 58,9 78,6 82,13 86,11 88,3.10 92,15 104,2 108,5.12 114,1 124,22 130,2 often (nimpt . . . an sich) 92,7 158,19 (nemen) 60,7.10 subj. (nem) 76,1 86,14 96,19 132,5.8 136,11 150,13 190.12 (neme) 150,16.18 (neme überhandt) 196,16 imp. (nim) 58,17 76,11 82,5.10 92,22 94,3.13.14 96,7.14 102.16 108,7.15.20 114,10 150,9 152,15 156,11 186,6 (nimm) 110,10 inf. (-n) 204,4 — pass. pres. ind. (wirt angenommen) 128,17 past part. (genommen) 132,2 —> benemen, hin nemen nennen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (wirt . . . genant) 90,14 (würt . . . genannt) 162,2 (genant wirt) 130,2 past part. (gnant) 66,15 (genant) 66,15 86,12.18 102.5 104,10 130,8 136,12 156,9 (also genant) 174,16 196,12 (genannt) 158.9 nest n. neut. 138,12

Index Verbonim of the German Text netzen v. w. pres. imp. (-tze) 76,11 pass. past part. 78,8 new adj. (hafen) 108,8 nider ligen v. s. pres. subj. (-r -ge) 176,15 niere n. f . pl. 200,15 niesswurtz n. f . (weiß) 182,18 nimmer, nümmer adv. (ni-) 64,17 70,9 152,13 178,6 200,19 (nü-) 116,1 mss n. f . pl. 84,2.13 nit* adv. 54,15 58,12.17 70,4 86,5.6 90,9 often (odder nit) 58,15 (nit mer) 118,7 170,7.19 nitrum n. neut. 164,2.3.16 (-tro [dat.]) 140.13 198,17 noch adv. 52,9 88,8 96,8 130,2.4 144,1.3 196,16 200,19 (weder, wedder . . . noch) 54,10 92,4 142,12 176,10 not n. f . adv. (mit not) 124,15 (zur not) 194,1 nübelicht adj. 142,11 nüchtern adj. 104,2 (speichel) 94,3.4 nümmer —» nimmer nuss n. f . pl. (ol von nüssen) 150,9 nussöl, nüss öle, nüss oly n. neut. (nüß oly) 92,22 (nüß 61e) 96,20 (nußöl) 150.14 nütz adj. 200,16 nützen v. w. pres. ind. (nützt) 94,17 114,18 182,6 (nützenn) 114,14 subj. (nütz) 158,11 imp. (nütz) 132,10.13 150,15 190,13 (nütze) 96,1 inf. 94,17 182,6 — pass. pres. ind. (würt genützet) 116,2 inf. (genützt werden) 116,2 past part. (genützt) 58,8 86,9.18 88,14 124,14 188,7.9 192,7 (genützet) 88,4 104,10 150,1 (gnützt) 82,13 ob conj. 58,17 96,6 (gleich ob) 94,11 oben(n) adv. (-en) 110,1.4 138,13 180,11 (-enn) 192,8 (oben vff) 62,8 obgenent adj. adv. (wie -nt) 80,13 obgesagt adj. (stucke) 122,3 obsten v. an. pres. ind. (obstet) 104,9 ochsen zung wasser n. neut. 74,7 oder*, odder conj. (oder) 52,8.12 54,2 56,5. 6 56,13 98,16 often (odder) 56,15 168,13 198,9 ofen n. m. 108,8 öffnen v. w. pass. pres. ind. (ge-net würdt) 86,20 öl(e) n. neut. (das öle) 168,7 (mit 61) 108,2 (mit öle) 110,13 138,6 186,19. 27

R ö s s l i n : O n Minerals

379

20.25 198,12 (mit 61 sambucion) 200,13 olsteyn n. m. 128,9 on* prep. 62,7 66,1 82,17, 88,1 92,4 96,10.21 116,1 134,5 often (on schaden) 88,1 96,10.21 (on zweiffei) 82,17 104,10 136,13 182,11 - conj. on allein das 98,5 onichilum n. neut. 54,1 onix n. m. 174,8.10 orimacht n. f . (grosse) 158,8 onmechtig adj. 86,19 opalus n. m. 166,8.9 operment n. neut. 94,5 —> auripigment ophthalmius n. m. 166,4 or n. neut. pl. (-en) 116,16 188,14 204,12 (fratte) 184,13 (schmertzen) 204,13 (würm in den -en) 166,2 oren fluß n. m. 84,10 orenwee n. neut. (kaltes) 168,14 ohr griffel n. m. 188,16 Orient —» Index Verborum P. N . orithium n. neut. 64,10 oritzel n. m. 188,15 örlin n. neut. 188,15 ort(t) n. m., neut. (das -tt) 160,7 — pl. (an vii orten) 160,1 os n. neut. (puluer genant ossis de corde cerui) 86,18 oxicroceon n. neut. (pflaster genant -on) 136,12 panarites n. m. (Pa-) 66,15 patron n. m. 166,7 peridonius n. m. 168,1.2 perla n. f . pl. 158,9 —> perlin perlenmutter n. m.(-r der wol gebrennet, -nnt ist) 52,18.21 perlin n. neut. pl. 156,13.16 158,9 -> perla pestilentz n. f . 102,8.15 104,5 104,9 182,5 192,7 (so die -tz regniert) 102,8 104,5 (seucht) 104,3 pestilentzisch adj. (aposteme) 104,13 petroleum n. neut. 168,5.13 (weiß) 168,10

pfan(d) n. f . (-n) 92,3 (eisen -nd) 92,2 p(f)laster n. neut. (pfl-) 62,15 70,5 82,3 96,21 108,19 116,2 162,19 192,17 (pl-) 186,22.25 194,16 (ein pfl- genant oxicroceon) 136,12 pflegen v. w. pres. ind. (-en) 132,16

380

Indices

pfun(d)t n. neut. (-nt) 82,5 (-ndt) 110,5.7 (halb -ndt) 108,22 pilger —* bilger pillule n. f . pl. (-len) 114,3 132,6 (bis) platte n. f . (jrden) 92,2 pleyweiss n. neut. 92,22.23 podagra n. neut. 68,11 70,6 162,13 184,11 194,15 (alt) 162,4 poli(e)r(e)n v. w. pres. ind. (-irt) 52,7.20 imp. (-ir) 52,24.26 54,3 (-ier) 52,25 inf. (-irn) 52,12.13 54,1 (-iern) 52,8 (-iren) 52,16 (-ieren) 52,15 —> balieren polierung n. f . 52,5 poligonie n. f . (saft -ie) 84,10 porrus n. m. (safft -rri) 118,4 prassius n. m. (safft -ssij) 118,4 probi(e)ren v. w. pres. inf. (-ieren) 110,1 — pass. pres. ind. (wirtt -irt) 86,6 puluer n. neut. 58,18 76,2.4.12 78,3 82,16 86,7 88,16 102,10 108,22 132,10 148,6.16 188,10.11 190,1 202,15.16 (Antimonij) 78,5 (von Antimonio) 76,12 (von glet) 152,12 (Litargiri) 150.13 (Litargirium) 150,9 (steyns) 132,5 (-r genant ossis de corde cerui 86,17 (reyn) 100,19 (lot) 132,9 puluerisieren v. w. pres. imp. 96,20 piiluern, puluern v. w. pres. ind. (piiluert) 80,5 subj. (piiluer) 76,1 — pass, past part, (gepiiluert) 52,7 78,3 82,1 124,18.20 132,3 150,19 182,4.16 202.14 (gpüluert) 76,8 78,7 pumex n. m. 170,2 pumiss n. m. (reyner) 52,11 purgieren v. w. pres. ind. (-iert) 150,2 inf. 170,9 purpur n. m. 178,4 (rot) 164,7 - pi. (farb der -ren) 66,11 purpurfar, -arb, -arbe adj. (-r) 66,7 (-rb) 152,1 (-rbe) 164,10 purpurfarb n. f . (scheinende) 166,10 quecksilber n. neut. 90,11 92,3.10.12.14.17 94,1.3.4 120,11 (getödt) 92,19 (natur) 202,2 (sestertz) 92,5 quint(in) n. neut. (quint) 202,16 (quintin) 96,1 (halb quintin) 86,15 quintlin n. neut. 94,1 132,7 (halb) 156,11 - p i . 92,23 rappe n. m. pi. (-n oder kreyen) 200,18 ratte n. f . pi. (vil -n) 204,3

rauch, rawch n. m. (rauch) 94,14.16 180,9 182,14 184,3 (rawch) 138,9 (vil rauch) 92,14 raud(e) n. f . (raude) 140,3 184,7 186,22 (-d) 108,12 (böse -d) 96,14 (böse -de) 96,16 - pl. (beissende -den) 190,14 (bisse vnd -den) 164,14 rauh adj. (haut) 114,13 rebesche n. f . 108,21 recht adj. (glantz) 52,21 (handt) 196,4 (kunst) 52,6 - adv. 172,5 reden v. w. pres. ind. (-den) 138,9 (mit jn selbs -den) 88,4 inf. (wol -den) 56,16 112,10 regen v. w. pres. ind. refl. (sich -gt) 130,2 regenbogen n. m. 146,11 regenwasser n. neut. 124,18.21 regen wurm n. m. pl. (-n würme) 82,1 regnirn v. w. pres. ind. (-irt) 102,8 104,5 reiben v. w. pres. ind. (reibt) 138,15 170,18 1 72,9.11 (reibet) 170,13 — pass. past ind. (geriben ist) 52,22 subj. (geriben sei) 52,19.25 part. (geriben) 52,14 86,7 162,9 180,5 reibsteyn n. m. (geriben auff einem -n) 162,10 reyn adj. 144,12 (goldt) 88,11.12 (jungfrawe) 58,17 (puluer) 100,19 (pumiß) 52,1 (wasser) 52,15 adv. (= vollständig) (-n abkommen) 96,13. 18 - comp.

122,11

reynigen, reinigen (186,3 188,9) v. w. pres. ind. (-iget) 76,15 78,9 112,12 114,9 122,9 126,7 136,5 170,18 182,15.17 186,3 204,10.12 (reiniget) 186,3 (-igt) 86,1 88,10 148,16 170,16 (reinigt) 188,9 inf. 102,1 164,19 190,1 —pass. pres. ind. (wirtt ge-iget) 86,6 106,1 (wirt ge-igt) 146,18 past subj. (ge-igt sei) 82,11 reynigung n. f . 74,7 168,10 ress adj. 126,5 142,4 170,9 186,13 (krafft) 198,9 ress(e) n. f . (ein wenig) 192,19 ressigkeyt n. neut. 162,17 reudigkeit, reudigkeyt n. f . (-keyt) 150,10 (böse -keit) 90,6 richten s. w. pres. ind. refl. (sich -n) 66,11 richter n. m. 128,5 rinde n. f . 200,18 ring n. m. 100,9 128,4 176,17 risel n.f. pl. (risslenn) 172,12 rohr n. neut. 52,15.17

Index Verborum of the German Text römer leim n. m. 56,2 rosa n. f . pl. (electuarium de succo -arum) 182,7-8 rosenhonig n. m. 116,16 rosenöl, roßSl n. neut. (rosen-) 92,12 132,9 192.17 (roß-) 152,10 rosenstein n. m. 66,7 rosenwasser, roßwasser n. neut. (rosen-) 104.1 114,10.11 108,11 188,19 (roß-) 76,9.17-18 150,14.19 rosin adj. 164,10 roßöl, roßwasser —» rosenöl, rosenwasser rost n. m. 86,3 rosten v. w. pres. ind. (-stet nit) 86,2 rot adj. 68,15 94,9(bis) 102,6 112,5.7.17 124,6.12 140,6 144,4 164,16 178,4.12 200,9 (äugen wee) 160,12 (carfunckel) 64,10 (corallen) 124,4.13 (erde) 146,8 (fluß) 132,11 (Meer) 64,4 146,6 (purpur) 164,7 (saltz) 68,13 (steyn) 98,4 140,5 (strichlin) 62,13 - n. neut. (das rot) 150,13 -comp, (röter) 86,4 140,6 144,1.4 —» rotrure rotdunckel adj. 126,19 röte n.f. 76,17 172,18 rötelsteyn n. m. 102,2 rotfarb, rot färb adj. (-tf-) 120,11 144,2 (-t f-) 174,9 (ein . . . rotfarber steyn) 134.18 rotgeel adj (stein) 126,18 rotrüre n. f . 158,13 rotstein n. m. 172,3 rotund adj. 98,14 rubeus adj. (arsenicum -um) 44,6 (corallus -us) 124,3 — n. (-eus) 172.2 rubin(n) n. m. (-in) 52,8.13 172,1 (-inn) 172,9 rubin stein n. m. 172,4 rude n. f . (beyssende) 80,3 rüre —> rotrure ruren v. w. pres. imp. (rur vndereinander) 94,4 152,18 inf. (vnder einander . . . -n) 108,24 rüwen v. w. pres. inf. (wol -en) 148,15 sach n. f . were (ist) es sach das (= wenn) 92,19 146,1 saffran, saffron n. m. (-an) 102,7 (-on) 146,14 saffranfarb n.f. 68,16 safft n. m. 78,1.7 (weiß) 138,16 (des aschlauchs) 118,3—4 (des blutkrauts) 17"

381

78,5 (des krauts) 86,17 (poligonie) 84.10 sagen v. w. pres. ind. (-gt) 98,9 112,8. 10.11 128,3 (-gen) 148,3 inf. 178,6 sal n. m. 184,17 —» salarmoniac(um), salgemma salamander n. m. 148,1 (thier) 148,1 Salamandra n. f . (thier -a) 70,10 salarmoniac, Sal Armoniac n. m. (-1 -c) 188,3.5.12 (salarmoniac) 188,17.19 Salarmoniacum n. neut. 188,5—»Index Verborum P. N . s. v. Armoniacus salbbüchse n. f . pl. (-n) 62,5 salb(e) n. f . (-be) 96,9.17 (-b) 82,2(bis).4 94,2 96,3.10.15.17 108,14.16.17.19 182,18 192,15 (weisse) 108,15 -pl. (-benn) 108,10 (vii -en) 200,16 salben v. w. pres. ind. refl. (sich -bet) 186,20 194,14 -pass, past part, (ge-bt) 182,11 salgemma n. neut. 84,15 salmiac n. m. 188,4 salmiax n. m. 188,4.14 salniter n. m. 164,1 184,6.11 saltz 72. neut. 78,13 82,5 110,7 140,2 150,11 164,5(bis) 184,16.18.20 186,1.2.4.6. 11.13 202,6 (gemeines) 152,16 188,6 (rot) 68,13 —> meersaltz saltzen v. s. pass, past part, (gesaltzen feuchtigkeyt) 152,8 (= gesalzner Rotz, phlegma salsum) saltz stein n. m. (weisser) 164,3 sambucion adj. (öl -ion) 200,13 Samius —* Index Verborum. P. N . samlen v. w. pres. ind. (-let) 190,6 refl. (-let sich) 124,9 —pass. pres. ind. (ge-let wiirt) 148,2 (werden ge-let) 112,5 sandig adj. 146,14 sandigkeit n. f . 74,3 sanfft adj. 74,4.5 - adv. 148,9 sanguinalis adj. (lapis -is) 130,7 saphir n. m. 52,24 172,13 - pl. (-r) 54,21 saphirus n. m. 172,14.15 sarcophagus n. m. 174,15 176,1 Sardius —> Index Verborum P. N . sardonis n. m. 174,6.8 sardonix n. m., f . 174,7 sat adj. 196,17 sauber adj. 170,20 saugen v. w. pres. ind. (-get) 100,10 past ind. (hat gesogen) 122,8 saur adj. 102,17 saurampffer wasser n. neut. 104,4

382

Indices

schaben v. w. pass. past part. (ge-n) goldt) 86,11.14-15 schaden v. w. pres. ind. (-det) 60,13 94.16 178,14 194,8 schaden n. m. 100,4 (on -n) 88,1 96,10.21 196,4 (der feind) 98,12 (des hagels) 126,3 (der schwammen) 204,8 (grosser) 92,11 (keyn) 192,9 (außtreibung) 100,2 - pl. 100,11 (alte schiden) 108,10 (alte schaden) 192,24 (vil schiden) 108,17 schaff n. neut. pl. (-ff) 140,3 schaffstall n. m. 140,3 scharpff adj. 80,14 160,8 164,16 186,13 (gesicht) 166,14 (haut) 96,14 150,12 (krafft) 198,9 (stechen) 198,19 - adv. 68.17 schatten n. m. 146,11 176,10 schäum n. m. (des bechs) 168,11 (des kalcks) 160,4 schedlich, schidlich adj. (schid-) 76,7 (sched-) 92,15 94,10 (sched- feuchtigkeit) 112,11 (sched- unfeile) 196,14 (sched- züfelle) 196,19 scheyden v. s. pass. past ind. (ge-en ist) 74,13 schein n. m. 60,17 66,12 (des liechten carbunckels) 166,9 (des Mones voller -n) 72,7 scheinen v. s. pres. ind. (scheinett) 68,12 (scheinet) 72,6 86,2 118,10 part. (-nde) 100,8 (-nde purpurfarb) 166,10 schellwurtz safft n. m. 188,17 scherpffe n. f . 192,19 scherpffen v. w. pres. ind. (-pfft) 128,12 schiessen v. s. pres. ind. (scheußt) 82,16 schifer, Schiffer n. f . pl. (-fern) 166,1 (-ffern des hauptes) 200,5 schiff n. neut. pl. 156,3 schi(p)f(f)erig adj. (-pff-) 164,10 (schiferige orte) 168,8 schlaff, schlaff n. f . (-a-) 72,15 (-I-) 192,15 schlaffen v. s. pres. part. 130,3 n. m. (haupte eins -enden) 56,17 schlag n. m. 114,6 schlagen v. s. pres. inf. 138,2 schlänge n. f . pl. (-n) 138,12.13 180,7.10 (biß) 56,16 schlecht adj. 116,17 — sup. (der aller schlechtest) 62,7 schleiffen v. s. pres. imp. 54,4 inf. 52,13 schleiffsteyn n. m. 128,8

schleimig adj. 72,13 schlepericht adj. (feuchtigkeit) 124,9 s(ch)maragd n. m. (sm-) 52,15 (schm-) 52,27 54,20 schmecken v. w. pres. ind. (-cket) 138,16 schmeltzen v. s. pres. ind. (-tzest) 202,5 schmertz n. m. 56,14 162,11 (der ancken, glider odder geleych) 168,13 (des magens) 62,14 (der oren) 204,13 (böse -n der äugen) 166,5 schmi(e)r(e)n v. w. pres. imp. (-iere) 96,16 (-ier) 114,13 150,9 190,11 (-ir) 186,7.9 -pass, past part, (ge-iret) 182,19-20 (gschmiret) 190,2 (ge-irt) 182,16-17 186,4 192,15 (gschmirt) 90,7 (gschmiert) 102,9 schmiril n. neut. 52,13 schnatte n. f . pl. (-en) 198,12 schneck n. m. (Jndisch) 178,5 schneiden v. s. pres. inf. 66,19 gerund 88,1 —pass, past part, (geschnitten fleysch) 126,18-19 schnell adj. (geburt) 134,5 schnöd adj. sup. 62,7 66,10 schnopffe n. m. 184,12 schon adv. conj. so . . . schon 86,2 162,11 schön adj. 52,23 66,3 108,12 132,16 142,12 152,15 170,13 172,6 (antlitz) 150,18 (enderung) 166,12 (färben) 146,11 (steyn) 160,15 (zeen) 158,15 -adv. 132,17 164,8 178,15 schöne n. f . 186,21 schrepffen v. w. gerund 88,1 schrunde n. f . pl. (schnatten oder -en) 198,12-13 schütten v. w. pres. imp. (-tt) 110,7 schwach adj. 172,9 (menschen) 178,3 —n. m. pl. (die -achen) 162,5 — comp, (-echer) 62,19 98,5 schwalbe n. f . , m. (in eim -ben) 112,16 - p l . (bauch) 112,4 (magen) 112,15 schwalbensteyn n. m. 112,1—2 schwamm n. m. 70,1 — pl. (schaden der -mmen) 204,8 schwanger adj. (fraw) 144,13 176,5 180,7 - n . f . pl. (-renn) 180,10 schwartz adj. 58,6 112,4 124,7 138,5 162,3 174,9 (agsteyn) 58,5 (feurstein) 52,14.24 (kißlinge) 178,11 (petroleum) 168,10.16 (schwalbensteyn) 112,11.19 (steyn) 56,7 162,6 (zeen [acc. pl.]) 188,13 -n. neut. (das -tze) 56,10 - adv. 54,10

Index Verborum of the German Text schwebel, Schwefel n. m. (-b-) 78,13 120,11 182.10 184,8 (-f-) 180,12.18 182,12. 16.18 (geler-fei) 180,17 (lebendiger -fei) 180,16 182,4 schwefelich adj. (wesenn) 180,18 Schweinen adj. (fleysch) 182,8 schweigen v. s. pres. inf. 138,9 schweiss, schweyss n. m. (-eiß) 140,15 174,3 (-eyß) 152,5 schweiß badt n. neut. 82,6 schwer adj. (eyse) 84,14 (feuchte) 186,3 (gewith acc. (acht gersten wicht) 156,1 korn -r) 176,15 schweren v. s. pres. gerund (das -en) 152.11 (des magens) 164,20 (der mans ruten) 152,10 schwerlich adj. adv. 68,19 Schwindel n. m. 176,4 (des haupts) 158,7 schwind(t)sucht n. f . (-d-) 102,13 (-dt-) 102.12 schwitzen v. w. pres. inf. 82,7 scorpion n. m. (biß) 56,13 (stich) 184,5 scrupel n. m. (golds) 92,6 sechs eckig, sechseckig adj. 146,5.8 seestatt n. f . pl. (-stette) 184,21 sehen v. s. pres. ind. (sieht) 134,11 inf. 134,14 204,16 fut. (wirt -n) 172, past. ind. (sähe) 100,12 pres. perf. ind. (hab ge-n) 100,11 (ge-nn hat) 172.8 sehr, sere adv. 116,13 (sere) 128,1 seyff(e) n. f . 96,14 110,3.8 136,9 (gut) 108,20 (Venediger seyff) 76,2 seihen —* abseihen sein* poss. pron. 52,17 54,13.17 56,1 58,9.15 often sein* v. an., aux. pres. ind. (ist) 52,20 54,9.14.17.18 56,8.11.13 often (jst) 56,7 60,6 72,6 74,12.13 78,11 often (sind) 62,8 68,13 100,15.17 116,4 124,14 often (sein) 96,8 100,15 124,6. 7. 158,3 198,15 (seint) 78,2.3.13 130,1 176,12 178,12 often (seind) 58,6 62,10.12 108,18 112,14.15 often (seindt) 58,7 86,19 106,10 subj. (sei) 58.17 96,7 148,3 194,1 (were) 92,19 118,3 150,16 158,8 190,12 (sein) 62.18 (seien) 114,2 (seind) 102,10 (weren) 82,8 166,7 188,15 past ind. (was) 100,13 - v. aux. pres. ind. with gerund. 68,19 164,16.18-19 pres. part, with inf. 60,4 130,16-17 1 5 8 , 6 - 7 170.9 pres. ind. with pass, past part. 52,22 54,13 64,8.15 70,9 74,13 often

383

pres. subj. with pass, past part. 52, 1 8 - 1 9 . 2 5 56,12 82,8.11 92,21 94,11 96,7 196,16 selb pron. adj. (sich selbs) 138,1 (mit jn selbs reden) 88,4 —» derselbe selblin n. neut. 198,14 selten adj. adv. 118,2 seltzam adj. 118,10 senffkraut n. neut. 9 2 , 2 0 - 2 1 senfftigen v. w. pres. subj. 128,3 senfftiglich adj. 66,12 150,2 sencken v. w. pres. ind. refi. 124,11 senit n. m. 150,1 sere —> sehr sester n. m. 108,21 sestertz n. neut. 92,5 setzen v. w. pres. ind. (-tzt) 186,19 ( = zum Stillstand bringen) imp. (-tze) 190,10 seucht —» sucht seufftzen v. w. pres. gerund, pl. 98,9 seugen, sewgen v. w. pres. ind. (seuget) 162,10 part, (sewgende frawen) 138,17 sich* re}I. pron. 66,13.17 80,5 82,17 86,1 92,7 116,14 often sicher adj. 134,15 144,7.17 166,13 1. sie'' pers. pron. sg. nom., acc. 58,18.19 72,1 76,3 78,15 82,12 110,2 often dat. (jr) 58,18.19 78,6 90,7 120,7 122,7 2. sie* pers. pron. pl. nom., acc. 66,9.14 68,1 78,2.3.9 96,8 often gen. (jr) 162,2 dat. (jnen) 60,9 78,13 98,11 112,24 170,17 often refi, (jn) 60,13 88,4 106,11 often siechtag(e) n. m. pl. (fallende) 112,9 (frembde) 68,11 (lange) 112,9 siechtagige n. m., /. pl. (fallende -ge) 72,3 siedenn v. s. pres. ind. (seudt) 184,21 imp. (siede) 96,6 part, (siedend wasser) 130,11 196,3 inf. 82,6 92,23 96,5. 9 110,3.5 170,19 - pass, past ind. (gesotten ist) 96,8 150,1 subj. (gesotten sei) 92,21 96,6-7 sigillare v. pass, past part, (terra -ta) 192,1.6.7.12.15.17 Silber n. neut. 54,17 86,5 90,1.3.6.10 92,4 144,14 (lebendig) 90,14 - » quecksilber silberfar adj. (steyn) 64,4 silbern adj. 152,2 silberglet n. f . 150,5.19 silberschaum n. m. 92,22 silenites n. m. 178,1.2

384

Indices

silex n. m. 178,10 sinwel adj. 154,8 smaragd n. m. 98,6 176,7 (die glestende grun) 166,11 smaragdus n. m. 176,8.9 so adv., conj. demonstr. adv. (so fast) 106,6 (so vil) 84,14 156,2 (souil) 152,16 (so lang biß das) 152,13 together with adv. or conj. (auch so) 176,16 184,20 (dann so) 92,3 (darumb so) 100,7 116,8 118,2-3 126,1 130,2-3 138,12 166,6 172,16 174,8 (deßgleich so) 134,1-2 (doch so) 176,5 (in dem so) 126,6 - conj. (= wenn) 56,1 58,9 64,8.10 66,1 68,3 -> sovil sollich pron. adj. (vergifft) 182,9 sörglich adj. 114,18 - adv. 156,2 solcher, solche, solches pron. adj. (krafft) 92,5 soln v. an., aux. pres. ind. (soltu) 52,13 (solt du) 110,1 (sol) 52,13.18 54,1 58.14 72,1 74,6 94,17 100,19 108,24 114,1 116,1 152,10.12.15 182,6 204,16 (soll) 78,1.3 172,19 188,7 s o m m e r « . m. 114,12 Sommerzeit (summerzeit) n. f . (su-) 80,11 sonder, sunder adj. (sond- brunnen wasser) 186.1 - conj. (-o-) 86,6 88,9 (-u-) 146,17 1 70,7 196,17 sonderlich, sunderlich adj. adv. (-o-) 82.15 102,8.15 124,21 158,4 182,5 188,9 (-u-) 124,21 sonderlichen (sunderlichen) adv. 108,17 summerzeit —» Sommerzeit sunder(lich, -liehen) —> sonderlich, -liehen) sonn(e) n. f . 72,9 98,14 114,11 120,4 130,14 134,13 146,10 172,8 190,1 196,5 (glast) 118,10 (hitz) 130,12 sonst —* sunst so vil conj. (so vil — so vil) 74,13(bis) spalten v. w. pres. inf. 142,13 spangrun —» spongrun speck n. m. (gebraten) 204,5 Speichel n. m. (nüchtern) 94,3.4 speien v. s. pres. ind. (blutspeiet) 132,5 blut speien) 102,11 —> blut speiss n. f . 88,14 Spiegel steyn n. m. 160,5 spieszglasz, spießglaß, spießglas n. neut. (spießglaß) 76,14 78,3.7 (spießglas) 144.2 (spieszglasz) 74,10 spitze n. f . (des eisens) 56,2 spitzig adj. 116,4 spongrun n. neut. 68,14 198,2

sprechen v. s. pres. ind. (spricht) 62,5 128,12 (sprechen) 68,1 - pass. pres. ind. (würt gesprochen) 62,18 (= sagt man) sprecklecht adj. 62,8 sprengen v. w. pres. ind. (-ngt) 140,2 pass. past part. (gesprengt) 148,13 176.12 springen v. s. pres. ind. (-et) 178,11 Stadt n. f . 140,9 - » stat, seesta(d)t stahel n. m. 54,17 stamm n. m. (-men) [dat.}) 200,12 starck adj. 102,6 108,5 142,4 (essig) 72,15 192,22 (feuchtigkeit) 126,7 (feur) 160,1 (wein) 190,5.7 (widerstandt) 194,6 (wirckung) 198,8 adv. 154,16 - comp, (stercker) 144,14 152,3 184,19 stat n. f . (kale) 128,13 (an der selben) 96,4 —» Stadt, seestatt staub n. m. (in der mülen) 142,4 —> mülstaub stechen v. s. pres. part. (-nde blehung) 168,18 gerund pl. (grobe vnd scharpffe -n der augbrawen) 198,19 stecken v. w. pres. imp. (-ck) 76,12 pass. past part. (-cket) 76,6 stehn v. an. pres. ind.(stehn) 116,3 inf. (laß, laßt stehn) 108,24 110,3 152,17 192,23—» stilstehn, vmbstehnde steyn, stein n. m. 52,9.11 54,15.20 56,3.5 58,1.9(bis).11.13.17 62,14 64,14.16 68,14 72,1 98,16 100,9.12 116,12 118,2. 9 126,2 128,16 130.4.16 132,1.2.3.13 134,15 138,12 140,9.13 142,7 144,15 146,5.6(bis) 148,3.14 154,2.6.8.16 156,7.11 158,19 166,4.9 168,2 172,11 174,2.16.17 176,1.2 196,11 (den -n brechen) 56,3 200,7 (absinthus) 62,18 (albescarius) 62,19 (ametistus) 68,3 (asius) 68,9 (balagius) 98,8 (elitropia) 134,13 (medus oder medo) 162,2 (des adlers) 70,14 (persidis) 178,2 (ander) 70,14 148,10 (blaefarb) 196,15 (blut rotfarb) 130,8 (cristallisch) 72,6 (dürr) 146,8 (violfarb) 98,7 (gelfarb weych) 100,6 (glaßfarb) 204,15 (grünfarb) 134,8 (herter) 178,11 (gantz hart) 54,9 (ysenfarb) 130,11 (kalt) 120,4 (köstlich) 166.13 (aller k6stlichest) 106,4 (rot 98,4 (rot durchsichtig) 140,5 (glestend rotfarb) 134,18 (rotgeel) 126,18 (schwartz) 56,7 162,6

Index Verborura of the German Text (schwartz, glat vnd liecht) 138,5 (silberfar) 64,4 (wasserfarb) 142,11 (weiss) 62,4 72,7 132,16 (wolbekant) 172,15 (ader) 154,15 172,4 (blüm) 68,11 (krafft) 128,4 130,1 (puluer) 132.5 (die stiicldin) 126,2 (tugent) 68,18 - pl. (-nn) 52,10 (-n) 68,1 78,13 82,5 106,16 112,14 114,1 124,10 168.7 174,18 184,19 188,5 200,10 204,18 (andere-n) 54,20.21 (braunfare -n) 66,6 (brennende -n) 106,8 (alle harte -n) 52,7 (kleyne, weisse stein) 100,16 (mancherley -n) 166,9 (süsse -n) 52,11 (weyche -n) 52,10 (der steyn vast vil) 146,6 (etlich diser steyn) 58,6 —» gesteyn, meer steynn steynferber n. m. pl. 66,12 steynlin n. neut. pl. 170,4 steynól n. neut. 168,6 stellen v. w. pres. ind. (steh) 142,1 (stellt) 110,15 126,5 128,2 134,15 140,15 144,15 (stellet) 192,16 inf. 78,7 130,10 142,3 Stengel n. m. (hóltzin) 82,16 sterben v. s. pres. ind. (stirbt) 114,18 162.8 stercke n. f . 138,1 stercken v. w. pres. ind. (-cket) 86,8.9 126.6 148,17 166,14 170,11.17 174,5 176,4 (-ckt) 88,5 90,10 144,5 158,10 inf. 60,4 158,6 194,9 sterckung n. f . (des zanfleyschs) 126,14 stern n. m. 72,8 118,10 (des mones) 72,7 pl. (braunne) 134,8 stich n. m. (des scorpions) 184,5 stillen v. w. pres. ind. (-Uet) 132,2 (-lit) 150,15 168,18 -> stellen stilstehn v. an. pres. part, (-ehende wasser) 184,21 stincken v. w. pres. ind. (-cket) 116,8 part, (-ckender athem) 84,13 (-ckende wunden) 198,13 stirn(e) n. f . 72,15 142,1 160,10 192,16 (der -nen weethumb) 174,3 stop(f)fen v. w. pres. ind. (-pfet) 132,10 (stopffet) 132,13 174,3 (stopfft) 76,14.18 202,14 (-pffen) 60,14 inf. (-pffen) 130,16 stossen v. s. pres. ind. (stosset) 112,23 126,13 200,6 (darein stost) 196,3 (stößt) 138,15 imp. (stoß) 82,10 96,7 108,3 110,2 152,15 - pass, past part. (gestossen) 56,15 126,2 182,10 200,14 (gstossen) 116,15 (gestossen glas) 204,2

385

streichen(n) v. s. pres.'ind. (-eicht) 128,13 subj. (-eich) 124,15 imp. (-eich) 186,10 in f. (-eichenn) 96,9 - pass. pastpart. (gestrichen) 60,11 76,19 82,2 90,8 116,5 142,1 184,11 188,13 streitter n. m. (-er vnnd fechter) 66,1 strewen v. w. pres. subj. (-ewe) 136,12 imp. (-ew) 76,1 — pass. pastpart. (geewet) 76,4 148,16 strichlin n. neut. pl. (rote) 62,13 stro n. neut. 180,5 Strom n. m. pl. (ström) 72,8 196,5 stuck n. neut. 202,1 - pl. (stuck) 108,22 (grosse) 148,11 (verbrante stucke) 122,3 stiicldin n. neut. 56,1 — pl. (in des schwänzen steyns) 162,6 stülgang n. m. pl. (-geng) 182,7 192,18 stund n. f . (halb) 110,8 von -d (= sofort) 58,14.19 - pl. (xij stund) 110,5 substantz n. f . 68,12 172,19 192,19 (irdisch) 122,4 subtil, subteil adj. (-ei-) 102,16 (-i-) 158,1 168,12 182,3 200,6 (-iler erde) 200,3 subtiligkeyt n. f . 146,8 160,5 succinum, succinus n. m. 180,2.3 succus n. m. (electuarium de -o rosarum) 182,7-8 s(e)ucht n. f . (seu-) 102,14 (fallend su-) 88,14 (fallend seu-) 88,14 114,6 sulphur n. m. 180,13 (-ur citrinum) 180,15 (-uruiuum) 180,14 summerzeit —» Sommerzeit sunst adv. 56,7 (besser weder sunst) 112,15 suppen v. w. pres. ind. (-ppet) 162,17 süss adj. 152,20 (steyne) 52,11 tabarzet n. m. 54,20—21 tabulieren v. w. pres. imp. (-r die [seyff]) 110.9 tag n. m. 106,7 118,7 (ander) 96,11 (dritter) 96,11 (am -g) 142,12 (im -ge) 106,5(bis) (gegen -g) 116,13 (vonn tag zu tag) 104,3 — pl. (alle -g) 108,24 152,18.20 (drei -g) 58,13 108,24 110,1 (xxx. -ge) 176,3 (vij. -g) 152,18 (x. -ge) 152,20 tartarum n. neut. 190,4 taube n. f . pl. ( = Faßdauben) 190,6 tegula n. f . 194,11 tei—> teytemperi(e)r(e)n v, w. pres. inf. (-ieren) 152.10 - pass. past ind. (ist -iert) 86,13 90,3 (ist ge-iert) 150,7 192,6

386

Indices

terpentin n. neut. 198,17 terra n. f . (-a hispanica) 192,2 (-a sigillata) 192,1.6.7.12.15.17 teschelkraut safft n. m. 132,3 teyl, theyl (68,15 96,14 146,5) n. neut. (dritt -1) 96,15 (ein theyl) 68,15(bis) 124,11 146.10 152,15 158,l(bis) (zwey theyl) 96,14 adv. merer theyl ( = meist) 146,5 teilen, teylen v. w. pass, past ind. (ist geteilt) 166,9 part, (geteylet) 62,4 (geteylt) 178,4 theyl —* teyl thier n. neut. (des -es Salamandra) 70,10 (dem -r salamander) 148,1 (äugen) 142,7 - pi. (alle) 92,18 (vngezempte) 54,18 (gifftiger-r biß) 192,10 thün, thun v. an. pres. ind. (thüt) 64,10 88,16 92,2 104,14 108,4 130,12 170,19 176,18 200,12 204,10 (thün wee) 116,7 (wee thün) 112,23 imp. (thü) 52,20.25 82,5.11 102,17 108,7.8.22 110,4 114,11 152,16.19 140,9 inf. (mag thün) 120,5 (soll thün) 78,1.3 pass. pres. ind. (gethon werden) 68,17 100,9 162,6 past part, (gethon) 68,17 78,6 100,9 134,13 tieff adj. (geschwer) 68,18 tigel n. m. pl. 52,9 tiriac n. m. (-c oder Metridat) 94,18 toben v. w. pres. part, (gschwer) 186,26 todt n. m. (nach dem -dt) 176,3 tódten, dóten (84,13) v. w. pres. ind. (-dt) 152,7 (-dtet) 78,16 84,2 114,7 204,13 (-dtet die leuß vnd die niß) 84,2 (dötet die niß vnd leuß) 84,13 (-dt die leuß) 92,13 (-dt die meuß) 92,18 (-dtet die würm) 188,15 (-dt die würm) 202,16 — pass. pres. ind. (quecksilber wirt ge-dt) 92,12 past part, (ge-dt quecksilber) 92,19 tèdtlich adj. (gifft) 192,8 - n. neut. (etwas -chs) 194,7 topasius n. m. 196,1.2 (-sien [acc.]) 52,25 trachenstein n. m. 128,15 —» drache tragen8' v. s. pres. ind. (tregt) 58,9 92,6 98,13 128,4 130,12 134,10 144,12 often (treget) 196,18 (tragen) 60,13 66,3 112.11 (tregt embor) 92,6 refi, (bei sich -n) 60,13 66,3 130,12 134,10 146,2 172,7 176,4 180,6 196,18 - pass, past part, (ge-n) 56,16 112,8.19 118,14 134, 5.15.18 144,6 166,5 178,3 tranck n. m. 56,15 104,2 124,22 194,5.7

träum n. m. pl. (böse forchtsame -ium) 172,8 traurigkeit, traurigkeyt n. f . (-eit) 140,7 (-eyt) 88,3 trechter n. m. 94,14 treiben —» außtreiben trieffen v. s. pres. ind. (-n) 124,15 imp. (treiff) 82,10 part, (-nde äugen) 98,13 gerund. 76,10 trincken, drincken (176,14) v. s. pres. ind. (-cket) 120,13(bis) 162,7 168,17 194,7 (-ckt) 104,4 152,6 192,7 200,6 sub;, (-ck) 58,13 92,19.20 imp. (-ck) 104.1 inf. (trincken) 154,4 (zutrincken) 162,20 (zu drincken) 176,14 — pass, past part, (gtruncken) 104,6 138,10 (getruncken) 60,6 98,8 102,12 104,13 124,20 132,18 134,1.2.3 140,15 142.2 200,15 202,15 204,8 -> eintrincken trippel n. m. (färben von) 52,16 trippel färb n. f . 52,25 54,2.3 trociscus n. m. pl. (-cos odder kügelin [acc.]) 152,21 tr6pffen v. w. pres. ind. (-et) 92,3 tropffen n. m. 188,14 tröpfflin n. neut. (armoniaci) 198,13 tropffrodt adj. (wein) 66,18 troum n. m. pl. (tröum) 62,17 (bildungen der troum) 56,18 trucken, drucken (140,8) adj. 68,14.19 74, 6.13 78,12 80,13 94,12 102,7 108,1 114.5 124,8.11 126,4 140,8 148,13 156.16 164,9 168,11 182,2 184,8 188,8 190,7 200,4.8 (complexion) 154,8 (natur) 132,1 186,3 - adv. 110,11 160,6 192.6 trucken machen v. w. pres. part, (-n -n) 130.17 truckenheit (druckenheit) n. f. (des erdtrichs dürre dr-) 78,11 trückne n. f. 150,7 202,3 trucknen, trücknen, drucknen (78,1), drücknen (78,15 84,14) v. w. pres. ind. (trücknet) 90,5 102,13 104,15 122,11 124.18 184,12 192,20 (trucknet) 126,7 (dorret oder trücknet) 122,9 (drücknet) 78,15 84,14 inf. (drucknen) 78,1 (trücknen) 202,3 fut. exact, (getrücknet) 114,11 — pass, past part, (getrücknet) 190,1 truse«./. pl. (-n) 68,11 194,17 trunck n. m. 94,11 trunckenheyt n. f . 68,1.4.6

Index Verborum of the German Text tüch n. neut. (leinen) 112,7 tugent* n. f . 58,15 60,4.18 64,5 68,6.18 86,13 106,8 often (wunderbare) 194,9 (wunderbarlich) 70,9 (wunderlich) 74,8 - pl. (-nt) 62,18 (-nden) 98,5 tun —» thun tunckel —> dunckel tuncken —» 2. duncken turchois n. m. 196,10.11 türkeß, türckisz n. m. (-keß) 52,27 (-ckisz) 196.9 turquillis n. m. 54,4 tutie n. f . 76,8 übelriechend adj. (mund) 114,15 über prep. 60,9 68,13 82,9.11 86,9 88,5 138.1 152,18 166,14 (Übernacht) 190.10 überflüssig adj. (bluten) 60,14 (feuchtung) 132,12-13 (fleysch) 76,14 84,10 110.15 170,17 Übergang n. m. 100,17 überhandt adv. (-ndt nemen) 196,16 überig adj. (fleysch) 68,19 186,16 (lauge) 110,6 ü b e r k o m m e n v. w. pres. ind. (-mmet) 74,8 übernacht —» über, nacht übertreffen v. s. pres. ind. (-trifft) 106,8 subj. (-treffe) 152,17 überwinden v. s. pres. nind. (-det) 172,16 202.2 inf. 62,16 vff ^ auff vmb prep, with acc. 134,6 (vmb sich essen) 80,5 186,23 (vmb willen, with gen.) 80,1 100,4 114,7 122,5 146,15 186,12 vmbfallen v. s. pres. ind. (-fallen) 72,3 vmbgeben v. s. pass, past part, (vmbgeben) 6 4 , 7 - 8 vm(b)gehn v. an. pres. inf. (vmzugehn) 94,10 v m b sich essen —> essen vmbstehnde n. m., f . pl. (das gesicht der vmbstehnden) 166,6 (die äugen der vmbstehnden) 166,15 vmb(keren) v. w. pres. ind. (-rt) 106,6—7 vn(n)d* conj. 52,12.14.16.19.20.22 often rel. 126,8 vndawen v. w. pres. gerund. 202,15 vnden adv. 132,9 182,14 200,17 vn(n)der prep. (vnder) 54,15 98,11 110,7 112,7 120,6 140,13 142,8.14 144,3 152,1 154.16 160,4 192,11 198,5 200,10 (bis)

387

(vnnder) 66,6 (vnder den äugen ; = im Gesicht) 82,13—14 (vndereinander, vnder einander [adv.]) (-rei-) 94,4 (-r ei-) 108,22.24 vndereinander, vnder einander adv. —> vnder vndereinander rüren —> ruren vndergehn v. an. pres. ind. (geht . . . vnder) 146,2 vnnderscheydt n. m. (kleyner) 164,4 vnderschidlich adj. adv. 174,11 vndertrucken v. w. pres. ind. (-ckt) 128,4 vnfall n. m. pl. (außwendige, schedliche -feile) 196,14 vnflat n. m. 78,9 (der cörper) 164,3 (aller) 182,17 vngelescht adj. (kalck) 96,3.5 108,13 110,10 vngent n. neut. 102,1 190,9.11 - pl. (-nt) 62,5 vngestalt n. f . (des antlits) 190,2 vngewitter n. neut. (donder vnd -er) 126,1 (hagel und -er) 136,2 vngezempt adj. (thier) 54,18 vnio n. f . 156,14 vnkeuscheit, vnkeuscheyt n. f . (-eyt) 144,18 (-eit) 174,13 (inbrunst der -eyt) 196,7 (wollust der -eit) 134,3 vnreyn adj. (haut) 182,16 vnsaubere n. f . (des haupts) 190,15 vnschlit n. m. 180,2 (v p f u n t -it) 110,5 vnsichtig adj. 166,7 vnsinnig adj. n. m. pl. (-ge) 134,2 vnsinnigkeyt n. f . 54,18 112,8 204,16 vntz n. f . (ein -tz boli armeni das ist zwey lot) 102,17 v n ü b e r w u n d e n adj. 66,1 vnversert adj. 80,16 178,14 vnwissend adj. 58,18 vnzerstörlich adj. 62,5—6 urere v. pass. past part. (aes ustum) 136, 4.8.9.11-12 vrsach n. f . (des kriegs) 128,5 vrsprung n. m. 132,12 ustus —» urere v —> u, f wachs n. neut. 182,19 198,12 (weiß) 108,16 wachsen v. s. pres. ind. (wachset) 186,16 196,12 (wachßt) 56,9 146,6 (wechset) 54,13 76,15 (wechßet) 190,5 (wechst) 76,7 88,1 130,8 136,11 (wechßt) 68,14 96,10 122,16 (wachsen) 124,6 186,17 inj. 86,10 96,4 114,16 128,14 200,13 wacker adj. 68,7

388

Indices

wand n. f . (fürgehaltne) 146,11 wann —» wenn warm adj. 80,13 108,1 120,4 164,9 (natur) 186,3 (wasser) 168,17 wartze n. f . pl. (-en) 108,14 148,16 (weyche) 116,3 was interrog. pron. indef. pron. e. g. was = was immer (was ding) 194,1 (was färbe) 202,5 (was feuchtigkeit) 58,11 relat. pron. 62,10 86,20 -> wer waschen v. s. pres. ind. (weschet) 108,20 162,7 (wescht) 112,23 refl. 162,7 imp. (wesch) 96,17 150,19 (wesche) 82,9 refl. 96,17 inf. 74,7164,8-pass. pres. subj. (geweschen werde) 96,22 past subj. (sei geweschen) 82,12 part. (gewaschen) 84,1 112,12 (geweschen) 84,2 108,12 150,12 (gewaschen fleysch) 126,19 wasser n. neut. 56,14 58,11.13 (bis) 64,9.14 66,19 80,11 82,5.7.9 84,13 88,9 96,5 98,8 106,17 108,5 (bis).23 110,1 112, 12.23 122,11 126,19 134,12.13 138,10 140.2 142,5 150,1 152,13.16.19.20 154, 10 162,6.7.16 164,8 168,15 184,11 188, 12 202,15 204,10 (des erdtrichs) 78,11 (der eschen) 122,10 (ander) 152,19 (klar) 64,14 (lauter, lautter) 52,22.24 96,12 (reyn) 52,15 (siedend) 130,11 196.3 (warm) 168,17 (wirckung) 168,9 - pl. (stillstehende -er) 184,21 wasserfarb adj. (steyn) 142,11 Wassersucht»./. 144,12 156,11 wassersuchtig, -süchtig adj. (mensch) 82,8 84,6 - n. m., f . pl. (-ge) 186,18.19 wecklin n. neut. pl. 142,14 wed(d)er conj. (weder . . . noch) 54,10 92,4 142,12 (wedder . . . noch) 176, 10 (weder . . . oder) 88,9 after comp, (-d-) 86,1 112,15 wee adv. (wee thün) 112,23 116,7 weetage n. m. (des magens) 126,11 we(e)thum(b) n. neut. (wethumb) 60,7 (weethum) 88,12 (des magens vnd bauchs weethumb) 124,19 (der Stirnen vnd Zungen weethumb) 174,3 wegrich safft n. m. 132,10 weib n. neut. pl. (der -ber fluß) 144,19 weich, weych adj. (-ei-) 84,9 (-ey-) 90,15 138.2 (-ey- ey) 182,13 (-ey- steyn, steynn) 52,10 100,6 (-ey- wartzen) 116.3 (-ey- zene) 84,9 (weych machen) 54,11 116,9 186,17 200,5 202,3 — comp, (wey-) 54,14

weychen v. w. pres. ind. (-chet) 62,14 (-cht) 168,12 186,25 (-chen) 198,14 weydesche n. f . 108,13.21 weil n. f . (kleyn) 96,17 wein n. m. 56,15 88,12(bis).14 92,20 100,12 132,18 156,9 170,19 182,8 190,6.9 192,6 194.2 200,15 (gut) 170,6 (lauter) 102,16 (starck, lauter) 190,8 (tropffrodt) 66,19 (weiss) 200,6 (geruch) 68,4 - pl. (starcke) 190,5 weynen v. w. pres. gerund pl. 98,9 weinfar adj. 100,7 weinfarb n. f . 66,16 weinfass n. neut. pl. (-ssen [dat.] 190,5 weinsteyn, wein steyn n. m. (-ns-) 190,3.5.9 (-n s-) 190,12 weinsteynöl, weinsteyn 61 n. neut. (-n6-) 90.6 (-n 6-) 116,5 wein trusse n. f . 84,14 weise adj. 56,16 n. m. pl. (alte) 68,1 weiss adj. 62,10 68,15 80,14 94,9 104,22 108,20 124,7.11 152,3.4.15.21 164,10. 16 170,4 174,9 178,4 188,7.13 (ader) 64.7 (äderlin) 56,7 (agsteyn) 58,6 (äugen geschwer) 162,11 cf. 168,15 (Bolus) 192,4 (carfunckel) 148,3 (corallen) 124,5 (cristall) 66,17 (färb) 100,7 (flecken) 158,11 (fluß) 132,10 (kißlinge) 178,13 (leder) 52,18.22 (mosen) 172,18 (masen vnd mackeln) 204,7 (meersaltz) 184,20 (nießwurtz) 182,18 (petroleum) 168, 10.12.14 (safft) 138,15 (salb) 108,15 (steyn) 62,4 72,7 100,16 (saltz stein) 164.3 (wachs) 108, 16 (wein) 200,6 — n. neut. (weiß von eym ey) 132,8 cf. mit einem eyes weiß 96,1 — adv. 196,15 weissagen v. w. pres. inf. 142,8 weisse n. f . 196,11 (einicherley) 62,7 weißfar(b) adj. (-rb) 68,10 (-r) 74,2 weit adj. 98,4 — adv. 140,13 — comp. adv. 104,14 138,13 180,11 welcher, welche, welches pron. 58,11 60,13. 16 68,13 72,6 74,15 104,4.11 114,5.18 132,5.8 136,11 176,14 182,14 190,12 welcherhand adv. 102,10 wellen, wollen v. an. aux. pres. ind. (wilt) 82,6 96,6.10 110,4 (wiltu) 58,17 108,20 wenig adj. (baumwoll) 76,11 (esch) 122,5 — adv. 54,9 — comp, (minder) 172,4 —> ein wenig wan(n)s;", wenn conj. (wan) 92,14 138,8

Index Verborum of the German Text 172,8 194,14 (wann) 54,14 58,15 60,6 64.16 66,7 68,17.19 86,13 88,8 92,12 94.17 96,6.11.13.18 102,13 often (wenn) 112,23 192,22 202,4 204,6 after comp, (-a-) 86,13 wer interrog. pron. 86,13 96,19 112,21 116,7 120,13 130,12 134,10 146,2 150,13.16. 18 158,8 166,13 176,17 178,6 192,7 (wem) 124,15 —» was werck n. neut. 152,22 werden* v. s. pres. ind. (wiirdt) 124,10 (würt) 52,9.11.22 60,3 70,1 94,1 108,9 112,17 170,5 (wirt) 80,11 106,6 114, 12 138,2 144,3 152,20 154,5 172,6 190,7 200,12 (werden) 124,11 128,10 144,1 194,4 subj. (werd) 108,16 192,22 (werde) 96,22 (würde) 104,9 inf. 110,6 past ind. (worden ist) 146,16 172,9 - v. aux. with past part to form pass. pres. ind. sg. 54, 15 56,1.7 58,14 60,3 often pi. 54,20 62,7 100,16 112,5 122,15 156,16 with inf. to form future 172,7 subj. 78,7 96,22 104,9 inf. 54,11 188,7 werdt adj. 66,3 weren v. w. pres. ind. (-et lenger) 86,1 werffen v. s. pres. ind. (wirffest) 202,5 (wirffet) 200,17 (würfft) 196,3 pass pres. ind. (geworffen wirt) 90,15 past ind. (geworffen ist) 64,8 werlin n. neut. pi. 116,9 186,17 wermut n. m. 92,21 wese(n) n. neut. (schwefelich -nn) 180,18 (substanz vnd -n) 172,19 wesserigkeyt n. f . 182,1 wetzsteyn n. m. 54,4 128,6.10 wid(d)er prep. (-d-) 54,18(bis) 58,20 64,5 68,6 82,19 84,3(bis).4.5(bis) 90,3 98,12 (bis) 112,8.11 126,15 132,18 134,15 138,12 144,18 146,3 (-dd-) 144,8 - adv. (-d-) 64,9 76,17 122,7 (wider bringen) 154,11 Widersacher», m. pi. (-sicher) 62,17 widerstandt n. m. (starcker) 194,6 wid(d)ersteh(e)n v. an. pres. ind. (widerstehet) 92,6 (widersteht) 100,4 142,2 148,4 194,5 (widdersteht) 126,1 (widderstehen) 68,1 wid(e)rumb adv. (widerumb) 96,7 (widrumb) 96,17 wie conj. 58,18 68,10.13 80,13 100,15 104,9 116,4 118,10 138,16 144,2 154,3 164,7 180,4.5 200,11 202,12 wieche n. m. 76,2 82,4.10

389

wiewol conj. 62,19 wild ad;, (feuer) 80,3 152,12 wille n. m. (nach -en) 110,9 (vmb -en [with gen.]) 80,1 100,4 114,7 122,5 146,15 186,12 (wider -en) 58,20 winter n. m. 80,11 wir pers. pron. 142,3 146,6 wircken v. w. pres. ind. 112,11 wirckung n. f . (der hitz) 180,18 (des wassers) 168,9 (starcke) 198,8 wirt n. m. pl. (geste vnd wirte) 144,7 wischen v. w. pers. ind. (wüschet) 172,10 wissen v. an. pres. ind. (wissen) 104,12 inf. 58,17 96,6 wo adv. 96,9 (wo hin) 154,5 woche n.f. 76,19 86,14 wol adv. 56,16 82,9 96,18 104,12 108,24 112,10(bis).21 148,15 152,16 170,8 172,10 174,11 (wol gebrannt) 52,14 194,13 (wolgebrennt) 152,18 (wol geriben) 52.14.18.25 (wol dienen) 60,7 76,4 82,2 108,10 190,8 200,14 —* wolbekant, wolriechend, gut wolbekant adj. 168,10 172,10 wolcken n. m. (krummer, durchsichtiger -en) 174,1 — pl. (finstere -enn) 172,18 wolff n. m. 108,19 wolgebrennt —> brennen wolgefallen —* gefallen wolgefellig adj. 112,18 woll(e) n.f. 76,12 148,1.2 wollust n. f . (der vnkeuscheit) 134,3 wolriechend adj. 114,12 wülkraut n. neut. 78,7 wund(e) n. f . 56,15 76,15 154,9 196,8 - pl. 82,14 88,2 102,10 104,14 114,16 170,10 (alte) 190,8 (betrugliche) 80,5 (essende) 198,11 (faule) 90,8 92,17 202,10 (frische) 162,19 192,23 (stinckende) 198,13 wunder n. neut. (thut wunder in den wunden) 104,14 wunderbar adj. (tugent) 194,9 wunderbarlich adj. (tugent) 70,9 — adv. (gut) 134,3 168,3 wunderlich adj. (tugent) 74,8 (vil -s dings) 68,2 würffei n. m. 64,5 wurm n. m. pl. (würme) 202,16 (b6se würm) 124,22 (würm in den oren) 166,2 cf. (die würm darinnen) 204,13 —>ohrwurm wüschen —» wischen

390

Indices

wüst adj. (lachen) 92,1 — sup. (die aller -en amethisten) 66,10 wüst n. m. (kat vnd -st des ingeweyds) 106,1 wüten v. w.

pres. part. (-nd gemüt) 64,6

ye —» ie ysop n. m. 92,21 yssen —» essen zam(m)en —> zusam(m)en zan n. m. pl. (zeen) 100,17 116,7 170, 12.18.20 (hole böse zene) 126,13 (schone zeen) 138,15 (schwartze zeen) 188.13 (weiche zene) 84,9 zanfleysch n. neut. 126,14 (faules, essendes) 198,15 (feuchtes) 186,23 zan wethum (zeen wethum, zehn wethumb) n. m. (zeen wethum) 114,14 (zehn wethumb) 84,3 zanck n. m. (vrsach) 128,5 Zauberei n. f . 144,8 zeen —» zan zeen wethum —> zan wethum zehe adj. 110,6 (erdtrich) 72,13 (die feucht zehe flegma) 90,4 1. zehe n. f . ( = Zähigkeit) 146,15 160,9 2. zehe n. f . ( = Zehe) 96,22 zehn wethumb —> zan wethum zeychen n. neut. pl. (der gebew) 160,5 zeygen v. w. pres. ind. (-gt) 56,17 zeit n. f . 112,16 (alle) 124,16 (lang) 80,16 116,7 (den frawen jr -t) 60,8 158.14 (in der -t so) 104,4 (vor der -t) 128,11 zeitig adj. (-ig vnd hert) 80,11 zene —> zan zerbrechen v. s. pass. pres. ind. (wirt -brachen) 1 7 8 . 6 - 7 zerfliessen v. s. pres. ind. (-iessen vnnd zergehn) 78,14 zergehn v. an. pres. ind. (-ht) 90,15 162,16 200,11 (-hn) 78,14 inf. 96,5 202,4 — pass. past ind. (zergangen ist) 100,19 part. (zergangen) 82,19 zerlassen v. s. pres. subj. (-lasse) 164,17 (-laß) 150,18 inf. 100,19 - pass. past part. (-lassen) 188,14.19 zerreiben v. s. pres. imp. (-b) 52,9 zerreissen v. s. pres. ind. (-reißt) 92,10 zerschlagen v. s. pass. past part. (-schlagne ädern) 188,1 zerschwellen v. s. past subj. (-schwollen were) 94,11

zerstören v. w. pres. ind. (-rt) 92,17 zerstossen v. s. pres. imp. (-ß) 58,17 zerteilen, zerteylen v. w. pres. ind. (-teilt) 186.13 inf. (-teylen) 170,9 zertreiben v. s. pres. imp. (-be) 94,15 zertrennen v. w. pres. ind. (-nnet) 68,4 zey—» zeiziegel n. m. pl. (-1) 108,8 ziegelsteyn n. m. 194,10 ziehen v. s. pres. ind. (zeucht) 154,9.16 (zeuhet an) 154,9 (zeucht auff) 60,16 (zeucht vff) 66,8 100,7 (zeucht auß) 184.2 (ziehen vff) 68,15 refl. (zeuhet sich) 196,11 (zeucht sich auff) 116,12 (zeucht sich vff) 66,13.17 156,1 (zeuhet an sich, zeuhet ansich) 154.3 164,12 180,5 (zeucht . . . ann sich) 172,11-12 (sich ziehen) 172,18 inf. 54,16 refl. (an sich ziehen) 182,3 past refl. (zohe sich vff) 100,12 - pass, pres. ind. (würdt gezogen auß) 64,4 188,5 past part. 118,11-12 ^ außziehen, ausserziehen zignites n. m. 204,14.15 zyn, zynne n. neut. (zyn) 52,25.26 54,2 (zynne) 86,5 zinober n. m. 120,9.11.12.13.14 zittern v. w. pres. part, (-n hertze) 88,3 gerund (des hertzen) 86,11 158,7 (von hertzen) 60,4 zorn n. m. (der künig vnd herren) 112,19 -pl. (zörn) 128,3 (zorn) 128,5 zsam(m)en—» zusam(m)enzu*, zü* prep. 52,9.11 56,13.17 58,1 62,5 64,10 often with enclisis of the article (zum) 138,5 with inf. 52,8 164,16 often with adj. 102,16.17.18 (zuuil) 192,18 (zu den haupten [adv.]) 56,17 (zu end) 152,20 —> zuhandt, zuhauff, zuuil zuber n. m. 108,23 zübereyten v. w. pass, past part, (-eytet) 114,9 zucker n. m. 86,18 158,9 Zufall n. m. pl. (schedliche -feile) 196,19 zuuil adv. 60,8 102,14 142,12 zuhand(t) adv. (-nd) 136,10 (-ndt) 202,14 zuhauff adv. (-ff legen) 122,4 zülegen v. w. pass, past part, (zugelegt fleysch) 80,6 zu mischen v. w. pres. ind. (-sehet) 194.14 zünemen v. s. pres. ind. (-n) 128,11 inf. 70,4

Name and Subject Index zung(e) n. /. (-g) 68,17 (-ge) 120,6 142,8 (der -en weethumb) 174,3 —> ochsen zung wasser zusamenbringen v. s. pres. ind. (bringt . . . zusamen) 192,23 z(u)samenhalten v. s. pres. ind. (helt . . . zsamen) 90,9 z(us)amentrucken v. w. pres. ind. (truckt . . . zammen) 162,18 zusammenziehen, zamenziehen v. s. pres. ind. (zeucht zusammen) 140,14 (zeuhet zamen) 170,15 züsatz, zusatz n. m. (zu-) 88,10 (zu-) 104,10 züsehelich adv. 194,3 zuuil —» zufil zwen, zwey num. card. (zwen) 112,16 (zwey) 92,23(bis) 96,5.14 100,2 102,17

391

202,6 dat. (zweyen) 52,8 (zweien) 174,8 zweyerhand adj. 94,9 zweierley, zweyerley adj. (-ei-) 104,22 162.3 (-ey-) 112,4 zweif(f)el n. m. (on zweiffei) 82,18 (on zweifei) 82,18 104,2.11 136,13 182,11

zweymal num. adv. (ij. mal) 86,14 zwingen v. s. pres. ind. (-gt) 136,17 (-get) 138,9 zwiren, zwyren num. mult. (zwiren) 152,18 (zwyren als . . . als) 86,4 zwischen prep. 52,8 146,7 178,7 200,17 204.4 pres. ind. (-rt in den zwitzern v. w. äugen) 66,12 ( = glitzern) zw61fferley adj. 106,10

Name and Subject Index Numbers in italics refer to page and line of the German text. Index Verborum P. N. = Index Verborum of the German Text: Index of Proper Names including Derivations Index Verborum W. = Index Verborum of the German text: Word Index G. = German L. = Latin Abdomen, blocked by litharge: 152,6 purged by lodestone: 156,4 quieted by red ochre: 162,18 remedies for the - : 162,18; 168,8 Aben Mesuay, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 32 Abescarius —> Albeston Abeston —» Albeston Abscesses, treatment of —: 29, 30, 31; 68,18; 70,2; 110,10-12; 116,9-10; 126,9; 186,18; 194,16; 317 Absint(hi)us (L./G.): —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Abulcasis —> Bulcasim Accidents, protection against —: 196,13—14 Achates (L./G.) - » Agathes Achates River, ä/ärri? named after —: 213 Actor, = Vincent of Beauvais in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 32 Adamant (G.), Adamas (L./G.), identification of —: 37,211 —» Diamant

softened by goat's blood: 211—212 found in Arabia, Cyprus and India: 211-212

inactivates the lodestone: 212 = magnetite: 211 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Adlersteyn (G.), identification of - : 25, 226 —» Aquileus, Echites —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Adversaries, prevalence over — : 62,16—17 protection against — : 146,3 Aerugo etymology of — : 320 identification of — : 320—321 production of — : 321—322 unguentum -is = apostle salve: 232, 273 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Aes ustum (L./G.), etymology of — : 271-272 identification of - : 271-273; 31 —* Index verborum W. s. v. Africa, hematite found in — : 267—268 Africus, corals found in Mare -um: 263

392

Indices

Agabis, Agapis (L./G.), = Agatis: 213-214 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Agate —» Agathes Agathes (L./G.), identification of —: 213 = jet: 214 found in Crete: 214 = onyx: 304 —» Gagathes, Agabis, Agatstein —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Agatis —» Agathes Agatstein, schwartzer, = jet in Agrícola: 214-215 Agrícola, Georgius, as father of modern mineralogy: 28—29 'feursteyn' and 'hornstein' for Latín 'silex' in —: 210 'schwartzer agatstein' for German 'gagates' in —: 214 Agsteyn, Augsteyn (G.), identification of — : 215, 216, 310 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. v. Alabanda, 'alabandina' named after —: 216 Alabandina (L./G.), identification of —: 21, 25, 216-217 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Alabaster —» Alabastrites Alabastrites (L./G.), etymology of —: 217 identification of —: 217 is a compact gypsum: 217 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Alamandina —* Alabandina Alaun (G.), identification of —: 234-236 —»Index Verborum W. s. v. Albertus (Albertus Magnus), — —, De mineralibus, as source for Rösslin's herbal: 209, 212 'capaunstein' named 'lapis galli' by —: 221-222 — —, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" Ib (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33 Josephus cited in : 40 indirect source for the "Hortus Sanitatis" and the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 46,218-219 Pseudo-Albertus Magnus, De mineralibus mundi, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" Ib (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33 Albescarius —• Albeston Albeston (L/G), etymology of —: 225 identification of - : 225-226, 244-245 'albescarius' for - : 219 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Alboti, gummi Albotin named after — : 312 Albotin (L./G.), gummi —, etymology of : 312 identification of -.312 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Albucasis —» Bulcasim Alcanzi, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33, 45 cited as authority in Serapio: 45 Alchemists, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33 allusions to - : 104,9-12; 202,6; 323 'philosophus' as a general term for — : 43 Alchemy, doctrine of —, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33 allusions to - : 104,9-12; 202,6; 323 —» Elements, alchemistical Alchimia —> Alchemy Alchimista —» Alchemists Alchindus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 33-34 Alectoria —» Allectorius Allectorius (L./G.), etymology of — : 221 identification of - : 24-25, 27, 221-222 — named "lapis galli" by Albertus Magnus: 221-222 found in the capon: 221—222 compared with 'chrystallus' by Albertus Magnus: 221-222 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Alexander Trallianus, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 34 Alexandria, Asius found in — in the Troad: 225 Ali Abbas, 'All ibn al-'Abbäs —> Haly Alkindus —» Alchindus Almandine —* Alabandina, Granat(us) Almandinus (L) —» Alabandina Almandite: 217 Almansor —» Rhazes Al-Qäsim ibn Salläm —> Alcanzi Alum(s) —» Alaun, Alumen Alumen (L.), identification of — : 30-31, 234-236 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Alum Mountains: 325 Alum Shale: 325 Alum Water —> Waters, medicinal

Name and Subject Index Aluminum Sulphate: 234 Alunite: 234 Alunogen: 234, 325 Aluredus (?), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Strafiburg 1509): 34 Amandinus (L./G.): 217-218 Amber —* Gagates, Agstein, Electrum, Karabe, Succinum Ammoniac(um) (L./G.), identification of —: 322 confused with Sal Armoniac: 322 used in 'oxicroceon': 273 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Amulets, stones worn as —: 54,17—19; 56,16; 58,9-10; 60,13; 72,1-2; 112, 7-9.10-11.17-20; 116,15-16; 118, 11-14; 124,13; 126,15; 134,5-6. 10-11.15-16; 134,17-136,2; 138,17140,1; 144,6-7.11-13; 148,14-15; 150,2-3; 166,5.13; 172,7-8; 176,4-6. 17-18; 178,6; 180,6; 196,18-19; 204, 15-16; 227, 264, 281,298 Ancke (G.), meaning of —: 299 Andro(da)manta (L./G.), etymology of —: 219 identification of - : 219-220 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Andromachus, physician to Nero: 244 Anger, protection against —: 112,12 restraint of - : 128,4-5 softening of —: 128,3 Angina, treatment of - : 82,15; 237, 313 Animals, killed by quicksilver: 92,13.18 protection against untamed —: 92,18 Anthracites (L./G.), identification of —: 64,7-8; 220 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Anthrax (L./G.), identification of - : 64,10; 220-221 in Roman and Medieval times used for ruby: 220-221 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Antimonium (L./G.), etymology of - : 230-231 identification of —: 230—231 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Antimony —» Antimonium, Spieszglasz Antimony Sulphide —* Antimonium Anus, stibnite as a remedy for flux in the - : 74,15 -76,1 Apostle Salve: 232, 273 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Apostolicum

393

Apparitions, protection against nocturnal —: 204,15-16 repulsion of —: 146,3 Aquileus (L./G.), identification of —: 24, 227 —» Adlersteyn, Echites —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Arabia, diamond found in —: 212 hematite found in - : 267-268 Arcadia, albeston found in the mountains of —: 226 Argentum (L./G.): 238 spuma - i: 242, 284-285 vivum (L./G.): 238 —* Index Verborum W. s. w . Argilla (L./G.), identification of - : 31,229 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Aristotle, as source for Rösslin's herbal: 207 Meteorologica, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 34-35 Liber de animalibus, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 34-35 Pseudo-Aristotle, Lapidary, as a source for Rösslin's herbal: 207 —, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 3 4 - 3 5 Armenia, Lutum Armenum and Bolus Armenus found in —: 248 Armenus found in - : 229 Natron found in - : 296 Armenium, Armenus (L./G.), identification of - : 229-230 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Arnold of Saxony, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509) through Vincent of Beauvais: 35 indirect source for the "Hortus sanitatis" and of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 35,46 indirect source for Rösslin's herbal: 208, 209 Arsenic Sulphide: 94,5-12; 242-244 —* Arsenicum, Auripigmentum, Operment, Sandaraca Arsenicum (L./G.), identification of —: 242-244 — album, = arsenic oxide: 242 - 2 4 3 — citrinum, = orpiment: 242—243 — rubeum, = realgar: 242 —243 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

394

Indices

Arsenious Sulphide, reaction with calcium hydroxide: 244-245 Arthritis, remedies for - : 29, 30; 168,3.13; 182,19-20; 299 Asbestos —> Albeston Ascani —» Alcanzi Asch (G.), identification of —: 262 of bitter woods: 262 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Aschlauch (G.): 257 —» Index Verborum W. s. v Ash, in general —» Asch, Cinis beech - : 94,3 of bitter woods: 122,13; 262 of fern and hay: 200,3; 323 oak - : 122,14 vine - : 108,21 willow - : 108,13.21 wood - : 108,21; 122,13; 251, 262 effect of the — on a leech: 122,7 Asia Minor, mogra found in - : 294 natron found in —: 296 Asian Stone —» Asius Asius (L./G.), identification of - : 31, 224 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Asphalt, Babylonian: 168,11 Assos, -us, Asius named from —: 224 Asterion —» Asterites Asterism: 228 Asterites (L./G.), identification of —: 228 = star sapphire: 228 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Athabaris (Atabaris), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 35 Atramentum (L./G.), identification of —: 27, 31, 233 — sutorium: 233 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Attraction or Attractive Power, of amber: 180,5; 311 of lodestone: 154,16-156,3; 287-288 of lyncurium: 154,3-4; 287 of ruby: 172,11-12 of sulphur: 184,14-15 supposed restraint by adamas of magnetic - : 54,14-16; 212 Augen, vnder den —: 236 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Augsteyn - » Agsteyn Aurichalcum: 42, 43 Auripigmentum (L./G.), identification of - : 31 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Aurum (L./G.),: 237 — vitae, = precipitated gold: 249 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Authorities, medieval and classical, cited in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and by Priiss: 17, 18 —, —, omitted in Rösslin's herbal: 23, 31 —, —, seldom cited in Rösslin's herbal: 31 n. 47 Averroes, in Rösslin's herbal 1533: 9 Avicenna, portrait of — on the frontispiece of the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17 cited as authority in the Preface of the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17 Liber canonis and De viribus cordis, as indirect source for the "Hortus Sanitatis" and for the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 3 5 - 3 6 , 46 —» Authorities Azurite: 230 Babylonia, asphalt found in —: 168,11 vitriol found in —: 204,6; 325 Bactria, emerald found in - : 308 Badakhshan, balagius named from —: 246 Balagius (L./G.), identification of —: 37, 246 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Balas —* Balagius, ballas Bal(l)as (G.), identification of - : 246 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Baldness, remedy for —: 200,8 Barley Meal: 186,22 Bartholomew the Englishman (Bartholomaeus Anglicus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 36, 27 direct source for the "Hortus Sanitatis": 46 as source for Rösslin's herbal: 208 Bean Meal: 70,5 Belliculus marinus (L./G.), identification of - : 31, 42, 247 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Beeswax: 108,16; 182,19; 232, 273 Berill(us) (L./G.), identification of —: 31, 42 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Berwurtz (G.), identification of —: 232 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Beryl -> Berill(us) Bezaar (L./G.), etymology of —: 246 identification of - : 22, 27, 246-247 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Name and Subject Index Bezoar —» Bezaar Bims (G.), identification of - : 300 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Birds, protection against - : 136,1; 200, 17-19 Biringuccio, methods of alum production described by —: 236 Bites, remedies for animal —: 56,13; 164,14; 184, 5; 192,10 Bladder, breaking of stone in the - : 56,3; 200,7 Blat, = uvula: 236, 313 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Blater, b6se, = pustule: 248 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Bleiweisz (G.), identification of - : 254—255 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Blindness, remedy for —: 162,4 Blood, adamas softened with goat's - : 54,11 — 12; 2 1 1 - 2 1 2 drawn from the surface of the body: 164,12 the heart's - : 60,14; 216 making good - : 90,10; 148,16 making joyous —: 88,5—6 medicinal earth mixed with goat's —: 316-317 remedy for spitting of - : 162,20; 294 stanching of - : 76,13-14.18; 78,7; 122,13; 128,2; 132,2; 160,7; 162,11; 262, 265, 268, 281 Bloodletting, advantage of gold for —: 86,20- 88,1 Blood Plant Juice: 78,5; 232 Bloodstone, = (h)eliotropia: 266, 270 Blutstein, (G.), identification of —: 266 — substituted by 'Jaspis': 268 Boils, treatment of - : 194,17 Bole, Armenian —» Bolus Armenus, Lutum Armenum, R6telsteyn Bolus (L./G.) — Armenus, identification of - : 26, 30, 31, 248 — weisser, = terra sigillata: 317 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. (Book) Fair —> Fair Borage: 86, 17; 237 Borax (L./G.), etymology of —: 249 extraction of —: 19 identification of —: 249 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Borax - » Nitrum Bornite: 233, 323-324 Bowels, cleansing of the —: 107,1 28'/2

R o s s l i n : O n Minerals

395

remedy for causing movement of the —: 182.6-7 remedy for excess movement of the —: 192,18 Br(a)unschwig, Hieronymus, relationship of his "Liber de arte distillandi" to Rösslin's herbal: 17 his "DistilJier buch" incorporated in Rösslin's herbal 1533: 8 Breasts, prevention of enlarged —: 128, 10-11 remedies for filling the - with milk: 120.7-8 Breath, remedy for bad —: 82,19 Breathing, remedy for difficulty in —: 182,12-13 Brick —» Tegula, Zigelsteyn Brille (G.), derived from 'berill(us)': 245 Britain, emerald said to be found in —: 307-308 Bronze, burnt—> Aes ustum, Gebrandt Ertz Brow, remedy for pain of the —: 174,3 Brunfels, O t t o , herbals of - : 7 Brunschwig —» Br(a)unschwig Büch der Natur —» Liber de natura rerum Buckskin: 52,12 Bulcasim, in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 36 Burns, remedies for —: 84,15; 110,16; 192,13; 237 Bystanders, impairment of sight or vision of - : 166,6-7.14-15; 298 Cacabre, Carabe —> Karabe Calcite: 217 Calcium Arsenite: 2 4 4 - 2 4 5 Calcium Carbonate: 217, 247, 250, 275 Calcium Hydroxide: 244-245, 250 Calcium Oxide: 250 Calcium Sulphate: 217, 277 Calcium Thioarsenite: 245 Calx (L./G.), — extincta, identification of —: 30,31, 250-251 , confusion with 'gypsum': 276-277 — viva, identification of — - : 250—251 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Camphor: 188,19 Cancer, treatment of - : 29, 30, 31; 76,4; 82,2; 84,5 Capaunstein (G.), etymology of - : 221 identification of —: 221-222

Indices

396

found in the capon: 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. C a p o n , source of alectoria: 64,14—17 —* Capaunstein C a p p a d o c i a , mogra found in —: 294 Carbunckel ( G . ) : 64,7; 66,13; 98,4; 106, 2-11; 140,5; 148,3; 166,10 identification of - : 221, 2 4 9 - 2 5 0 weiß carfunckel, = iscultos: 283 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Carbuncle —» Carbunckel Carbuncles, remedy for —: 84,14 Carbunculus —> Carbunckel Carfunckel —> Carbunckel Carnelian —> Corneol(us) C a s s i u s Felix, in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509: 36 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 Catarrh, drying of —: 184,12 Celandine Juice: 315 Celontes: 309 Centner —> Weights Cerates: 2 5 5 - 2 5 6 , 317 C e r u s s a ( L . / G . ) , identification of —: 31, 255 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Chalcanthite: 325 C h a l c e d o n y : 54,1; 176,12; 213, 257, 265, 269, 278, 280, 304, 308, 310 Chalcites ( L . / G . ) , etymology of —: 324 identification of —: 324—325 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Chalcocite: 324 Chalcopyrite: 233, 324 C h a l k : 275 Chastity, imparted by amber: 180,6 imparted by saphirus: 174,2 Chelidonius ( L . / G . ) , etymology of —: 253 identification of —: 253 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. C h e s t , remedy for constriction of the - : 168,16

Chicken Fat: 100,19 Childbirth, aids to - : 58,13-14; 72,1-2; 134,5-6; 144,12-13; 180,9-10; hindering of - : 176,5-6; 184,4; 227 C h o l e r a : 152,8-9 Chrisolectrus, -um ( L . / G . ) , identification of - : 256 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Chrisolitus ( L . / G . ) , identification of —: 258-259 topasius = —: 318 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

C(h)risopassios ( L . / G . ) —> Chrisoprassus Chrisoprassus ( L . / G . ) , confusion of 'chrisopassios' within the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509) and in Rösslin's 1535 herbal: 2 5 7 - 2 5 8 etymology of —: 257 identification of —: 22, 257 = iaspis: 2 8 0 - 2 8 1 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Christall(us) ( L . / G . ) , etymology of - : 259 identification of - : 37, 2 5 9 - 2 6 0 compared with allectorius by Albertus Magnus: 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 supposedly formed by cold: 259—260 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Chrysolectrus —> Chrisolectrus Chrysolite —> Chrisolitus Chrysoprase, Chrysoprassus —» Chrisoprassus Cinis ( L . / G . ) , identification of —: 31, 262 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Cinnabar —» Lead, Red; Mercuric Sulphide Cinnabaris ( L . / G . ) , identification of —: 260-261 = minium in Pliny: 261 for artificial mercuric sulphide in Agricola: 261 production of —: 261 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Circa instans, in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 43 source for the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l a and for the "Herbarius Mogentinus": 32 C l a y —> Argilla, Lett, L e y m , Lutum Cleansing, use of natron for —: 164,11 C l o t h , dyeing of - : 296 Clysters: 78,2; 132,10; 150,14; 162,18; 194,4; cf. 313 C o a l : 218 C o f f i n s , sarcophagus stone for —: 176,2—3; 306 Colcotar ( L . / G . ) , etymology of —: 324 identification of —: 324 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. C o l i c , remedies for - : 132,18-19; 164,18 C o l l y r i u m : 23 C o l o g n e , study of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger at the University of —: 1—2 C o l o p h o n y : 273 C o l o r , of chrysoprassus altered in light: 118,6-7

Name and Subject Index of the sun said to be altered by heliotrope: 134,12-13 of a person improved by natron: 164,12-13 natron said to impart to cloth a beautiful red: 164,10-11; 296 restored to the face of the jaundiced: 154,11-12 Coloring of rock crystal: 258 Colors, alum reported to impart light and radiance to —: 80,10 emitted by the rainbow stone: 146, 10-12; 281 Compositiones Lucenses: 207—208 Conception, hindered by jaspis: 144,18 Concretions: 226, 246-247 Constantinus Africanus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Pruss, Strafiburg 1509): 37, 209 as source for Rosslin's herbal: 209 as translator of the "Kitab al-malaki" of 'All ibn al-Abbas' ( = Liber pantegni): 39 Constipation, remedies for —: 62,14; 154, 10-11; 168,12 Consumption, remedies for —: 102,13; 122,15; 178,7 Copper, mentioned: 43; 52,14; 86,5; 92,4 — products formed by roasting: 272-273 burnt > Aes us turn, Gebrandt Ertz Cyprian —: 272 —> Verdigris Copper Acetates: 321 Copper Carbonates: 230 Copper Ores: 324 Copper Sulphate: 233, 324, 272-273 Copper Sulphide: 2 7 2 - 2 7 3 , 324 Copyright —» Privileges, Imperial Coral(lus) (L./G.), identification of - : 24, 31, 2 6 2 - 2 6 4 burnt - : 126,8 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Cornwall, serpentine found in —: 308 Corneol(us) (L./G.), etymology of — : 264 identification of —: 25, 264—265 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Corundum: 211, 279, 302 Cos, identification of —: 265 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Cosmetics: 114,9; 150,18-20; 255 Cotton, uses of - : 76,11; 82,10 2i'/i>

397

Coughing and Coughs, remedies for —: 96,1—2; 102; 168,16 Countenance, amethyst said to impart luster to the - : 66,12 Crete, Agathes found in - : 214 Cristal —> Christall(us) Crop(s), protection of —: 130,14—15; 136, 1 - 2

Croup, remedy for membranous —: 186,9; 313 Crows, prevented from hatching: 200,17—18 Cuba, Cube —» Wonecke (Dronecke) (de, von der) Cube (Cuba, Caub) Cubes, minerals in the shape of —: 220 Cupping, advantage of gold for - : 86,2088,2 Cupric Oxide, Cuprous Oxide: 272—273 Cupric Sulphate: 233 Cuprum —» Copper Cutting, advantage of gold for —: 86,20— 88,2 Cyprus, copper found in —: 272 diamond not found in —: 212 Damigeron, author of the Latin form of the Orphic "Lithica" ascribed to Evax: 38, 207, 208, 253 Dandruff, remedies for —: 166,1 Decay, protection from and suppression of - : 186,11-12 Demant —» Diamant Denmark, travels of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger in —: 2 Devotion to God, imparted by saphirus: 174,4-5 Diachartami (L./G.): 312 - * Index Verborum W. s. v. Diafiniconi (L./G.): 312 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Diamant (G.), etymology of —: 211 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Diamond —> Adamant Diapenidion: etymology of —: 316 identification of —: 316 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Diarrhea, remedies for - : 154,7; 192,18; 287 Diascorides (Dyascorides, Dioscorides), Salernitan version of the Latin Dioscorides of the 6th c. A. D., alphabetically arranged and enlarged: 37 — — in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a n der Gesundheit" l b (Pruss, Strafiburg 1509): 37

398

Indices

in Rosslin's 1533 herbal: 9 — — cited as authority by Vincent of Beauvais: 37 cited as authority by Matthew Silvaticus: 37 — — cited as authority by Serapion: 45 Diocles, cited by Theophrastus: 286 Dioscorides (Pedanios), no direct source for the Middle Ages: 37, 207 Diseases, chronic: 112,8-9; 190,8 strange: 68,11 Disputes, prevention of - : 128,4-5 Distillation, of sal ammoniac: 188,12—13; 314 of vitriol: 204,10-11; 326 Dizziness, remedy for —: 158,7 Donkey's Hair, use of - : 118,11 Draconites (L./G.), identification of —: 24, 265-266 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Dragon(s): 128,17; 130,1.2.3; 266 Dragon Stone —» Draconites, Trachenstein Dreams: 56,17-18; 62,17; 172,8 Dronnecke, Johann —• Wonnecke, Johan(n) (de, von der) Cube (Cuba, Caub) Dropsy, remedies for —: 82,7—8; 144,12; 156,11-12; 186, 18-19 Drowning, jaspis said to prevent —: 146,1—2 Drunkenness, amethyst as a remedy for —: 68,3-4; 224 Dust: 142,4 Dyacodus: 43 Dysentery, remedies for —: 142,2; 150,13; 158,13; 285 Eaglestone —» Adlersteyn, Aquileus, Echites Earache, remedies for - : 29; 168,14; 204,13 Ears, cleansing sores in the —: 204,12 remedy for discharge from the —: 84,10 remedy for sore —: 184,13 remedy for the - : 116,15-16 treatments for vermin in the —: 166,2188,14-16; 204,13 Earth, medicinal: 316—317 Earthworms, use in a salve: 82,1—2 Earwig —» Oritzel, orlin Eben Aben azarim —»Abulcasim Echites (L./G.), identification of —: 227 - * Adlersteyn, Aquileus —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Egenolff, Christian, as publisher of the works of Rosslin the Younger: 4—7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 his involvement in a lawsuit with

Johann Schott concerning the publication of Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 5—7 Egg Shells, lime made from - : 108,7-9 Egypt, natron found in — : 296 Ehrhart, Balthasar, as editor of Rösslin's herbal: 16 Elder oil, identification of - : 315, 323 Electrum (L./G.), etymology of —: 311 identification of —: 216, 311 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Electuaries: 86,15-16; 182,7-8; 190,12-13; 312, 316 Elements, alchemistic, omitted in Rösslin's herbal: 25 Elitropia (L./G.), etymology of — : 270 identification of — : 270 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. F-.iatites (L./G.), etymology of 266-267 identification of - : 25, 27, 31, 266-268 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Emerald —> Smaragd(us) Enax, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" lb (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 38 —» Marbode, Damigeron Enemies, prevention of damage from — : 98,12 reconciled — : 178,7 England, pearls found in the English Sea: 289 Epilepsy: 72,3; 88,14; 112,9; 124,13; 176,17; 263 eaglestone used against — : 227 Epistrites (L./G.), etymology of — : 271 identification of — : 271 = red garnet 271 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Erbgrindt (G.): 242 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Erd, versigelt weiß — (G.), = terra sigillata: 316-317 Erdöl (G.) = petroleum: 299 Erstecken (G.), = suffocate: 277 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Ertz, Gebrandt (G.), identification of : 271-272 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Erysipelas: 80,3; 152,12; 285 Ethiopia, hematite found in — : 267-268 Etna, ammonium chloride found at - : 314 Euax, Evax —» Enax Evil Phantasms, remedy for — : 58,9—10 Evil Spirits, antidotes for - : 54,19; 126,15; 138,8; 264

Name and Subject Index Exacolitus (L./G.), etymology of —: 269 identification of - : 26, 269-270 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Exebenos (L./G.), identification of —: 26, 37, 2 6 9 - 2 7 0 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Eyeball, removal of spots from —: 158, 11-12 Eyebrows, thinning of —: 198,15-16 Eye Diseases and Disorders, remedies for — : 29, 30, 31; 60,9-10; 76,17-18; 82, 13-14; 98,8; 112,12-13; 116,5.17; 124,16-17; 148,5; 158,11-12; 160,12; 162,11; 166,5.13; 168,15; 170,12; 172,8-10; 186,16-17; 188,17-18; 198,10; 231, 254, 264, 297, 298 Eyesight, clearing the —: 144,15 destroyed by quicksilver vapor: 92, 14-15 preservation of the —: 196,18 remedy for weakened —: 172,8—10 —» Vision Eye Stone —> Opthalmius Eyewater, preparation of an —: 76,18—19 Face, arsenic sulphide causes swelling of —: 94,10 cleansing of the - : 102,1; 150,18-20; 164,11; 254 removal of superfluous —: 68, 19—70,1; from the - : 82,13-14; 190,1-2 Fair, Frankfurt (am Main) - : 5 - 6 Fear, lapis lazuli worn to remove —: 150, 3-4 Feather Alum - » Alumen plumosum (Index Verborum W.) Feldspar —> Asterites Female Troubles, remedies for —: 29 Fennel Seed: 284 Fennel Water —» Waters, medicinal Fermentation, halting of - : 170,19 Ferric Oxide: 225, 268, 270 Ferrous Sulphate: 233, 324 Feursteyn (G.) = silex: 210 Fever, remedies for —: 112,11—12; 116, 15-16; 114,11-12; 150,2 Fichard, Johann, annals of —: 2 as guardian of the children of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger: 4 Fire, kindled by beryl: 98,13 emitted by topasius: 196,5—6, 319 Fissile Alum: 80,8; 235 Fissures, remedy for - : 198,12—13 Fistulas, healing of - : 29, 30, 31; 68,10;

399

76,2-3; 80,1-2; 82,4; 92,17-18; 136,9; 198,14 Flame, extinguished by zignites: 204,17 Flanders, pearls found in - : 289 Flatulence, remedy for - : 168,18 Fleck, maitziger (G.), = leprosy: 315 Flesh, formation of new —: 202,10 removal of foul - : 136,8; 186,2; 190,8 removal of proud - : 80,5-6; 90,8; 92,17; 110,15; 170,12; 186,2 removal of putrid - : 82,14; 114,16-17 removal of superflous —: 68,19-70,1; 76,14; 84,10-11 Flint, English equivalent for 'feursteyn' and 'hornsteyn': 210,310 —, White, = exebenos: 269 —» Hornstone, Silex Flower, as a term for a coating on Asian stone: 68,11; 225 Fluorite: 223 Flux, from the anus stopped by stibnite: 74,15 from the body stopped by amber: 60,7 from the body stopped by hematite: 132,12-15 Fog, dispelled by hephaestite: 136,1 Folly, protection against —: 54,18 Foolishness, expulsion of —: 118,14 France, verdigris made in —: 321 Frankfurt am Main, Christian Egenolff, as publisher in - : 4 - 7 , 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 - (Book) fair: 5 - 6 Ludwig Grave (Graff), as town physician in - : 4 Oswald Haug the Elder, council clerk in - : 3 Adam Lonicer, as town physician in —: 4 Eucharius Rösslin the Elder and Eucharius Rösslin the Younger, as town physicians in —: 1—4 Johann Stock, as town physician in —: 4 Johan(n) Wonnecke (Dronecke) (von, de) Cube (Cuba, Caub), as town physician in —: 18 Frankincense: 232, 273 Frat (G.), = chafed: 313 Freiburg, study of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger at University of —: 1—2 Freund, Heinrich, husband of Katharina Freund: 3 Freund, Katharina, stepdaughter of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger: 3

400

Indices

Fuca ( L . / G . ) : 225 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Fumatory Water —> Waters, medicinal Gagates ( L . / G . ) , identification of - : 45, 2 1 4 - 2 1 5 , 274 Index Verborum (W.) s. v. —» Agathes Gages, YayaTT)? named after the river — in Asia Minor: 214 Galactides ( L . / G . ) , etymology of - : 274 identification of 25, 2 7 4 - 2 7 5 used in sheep pens: 275 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Galactite —» Galactides Galatia, amethyst found in —: 223 Galen (Galenos, Galenus, Galienus) in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 38 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 portrait of — on the frontispiece of the " G a r t der Gesundheit": 17 cited as authority in the Preface of the " G a r t der Gesundheit": 17 cited as authority by Serapion: 45 —» Authorities Gallus, Lapis — 2. (L.), in Albertus Magnus = capaunsteyn: 221—222 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Garment, iscultos used for making an incombustible —: 146,17 Garnet - » Alabandina, Carbunckel, Epistrites, Granat(us), Jacint Gart der Gesundheit authorities, medieval and classical cited in - : 17, 18 division of the — into two groups ( l a ; lb): 18-20 edition of the —: 20 edition of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a (Mainz 1485) by Peter Schöffer: 17, 18 observations, empirical, in the —: 17—18 portraits of medical authorities of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages on the frontispiece of the —: 17 relationship of Rösslin's herbal to the - : 17-20 — I a , contents of the —: 18 — I a , derived from the "Circa instans", from Vincent of Beauvais and from Matthew Silvaticus: 32 — I a, model according to the chapter numbers for Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9

— I a, its Preface is the source of the Preface of the "Hortus Sanitatis": 19 — I a, Rosslin's 1533 herbal belongs to the - : 17, 18, 20 — I a, is partially the source of the "Hortus Sanitatis": 1 8 - 1 9 — I a, Johan(n) Wonecke (Dronecke) (von, de) Cube (Cuba, Caub) as compiler (?) of the - : 6, 8, 18 — I b dedicated to the members of the learned professions: 22—23 — I b , enlarged by information derived from the "Hortus Sanitatis": 18, 1 9 - 2 0 — I b , edition of Johann Priiss (Strafiburg 1507/09), contents: 20 — I b, edition of Johann Priiss (StralSburg 1507/09) based on the "Hortus Sanitatis" (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497): 19-20 — I b (Priiss, Strafiburg, 1509), animals, chapters on —, translated from the "Hortus Sanitatis" (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497) in the - : 20 — I b (Priiss, StralSburg 1509), quotations of authorities reduced in —: 46-47 — I b (Priiss, Strafiburg 1509), stones, chapters on —, translated from the "Hortus Sanitatis" (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497) in the - : 20, 2 1 - 2 2 , 31 — I b (Priiss, Strafiburg 1507/09), Rosslin's 1535 herbal and later editions belong to the - : 2 0 , 2 1 - 2 2 — I b (Priiss, Strafiburg 1509), Rosslin's 1535 herbal derived from —: 20 Gehn, hindersich (G.), = go back in the sense of healing: 237 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Generation and growth of stones: 54,13—14; ¡6,9; 196,12; 212, 214, 320 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Genitals, remedy for damaged —: 150,16 Geodes: 226 Germany, pearls found in —: 289 glass produced in — : 322—323 Gestiipe (G.), meanings of —: 301 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Geyl fleysch (G.), = caro luxurians: 300 Gilding: 92,4 Ginger: 82, 17, 236 Gips(um) ( L . / G . ) , etymology of —: 276 identification of —: 31, 276—277 used in buildings: 292 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Name and Subject Index Glair of Egg: 192,15-16 Glass —» Glasz, Vitrum Glasz (G.), production of — : 322—323 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Glet (G.), identification of - : 261, 284 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Gluten Romanum (L./G.), = rômer leim: 212 identification of — : 212 Goat's Blood, used for softening adamas: 211-212 Goat Milk, as an antidote for mercury poisoning: 92,19-20 Gold —> Aurum, Goldt Gold Ore, pyrite as — : 32,20 Goldt: 27, 237 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Golt Glet (G.), identification of - : 285 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Goose Fat: 150,18 Gout, remedies for - : 29, 30; 68,11; 162,13; 184,11; 194,13 Granat(us) (L./G.), etymology of — : 275-276 identification of - : 2 7 5 - 2 7 6 , 279 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Grapes, marc of — —> Wein triissen Grave (Graff), Ludwig as town physician in Frankfurt am Main: 4 Grease: 108,2 Growth of stones —> Generation and growth of stones Growths, killing of fungoid — : 204,7 remedy for nasal — : 136,11 Gum(s), amber — : 60,3 ammoniac - : 198,13-14; 273 , 322 Arabic - : 132,6 sagapenum - : 96,19- 20; 245 remedy for soft — : 186,25 strengthened by coral — : 124,6 remedy for festering — : 198,1 5 —* Colophony, Frankincense, Mastic —, Myrrh, Turpentine Gypsum —» Alabastrites, Gips(um) Hail, protection against — : 126,3; 130, 14-15; 136,1-2 Hair, prevention of falling — : 176,16 promotion of growth: 200,13 purification of — : 164,12 removal of - : 96,3-4; 170,13-14; 245 restoration of — : 128,13—14 softening of — : 200,5

401

Abü Müsä Gabir ibn Haiyän (?) —> Aben mesuay Halotrichite: 234 Haly (regalis), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 3 8 - 3 9 —» Constantinus Africanus, Stephen of Antioch Hands, arsenic sulphide causes swelling of the - : 94,11 Hare's Hair: 142,4-5 Hartshorn: 124,20 Haug, Oswald, the Elder, council clerk in Frankfurt am Main: 3 Haug, Oswald, the Younger, son of Oswald Haug the Elder: 3 Haut, maletzet (G.), = leprosy: 245 Hazelnut: 54,13; 166,12 Head, purging the - : 204,10-11 remedy for uncleanliness of the —: 190,15 Hearing, destroyed by quicksilver vapor: 92,15 Heart, garnet makes a joyful —: 140,7 hyacinthus imparts joy to the —: 144, 8-9 remedies for palpitation of the —: 29; 60,4-5; 86,11; 158,7 strengthening of the - : 60,4; 86,9; 90,10; 148,17; 158,10; 194,9 Heart's Blood, preserved by amber: 60,14; 216 Heinrich von Mügeln: 209 Helinandus (Helyman, Helymandus, Helynandus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509) only given by Vincent of Beauvais: 39 - > Huba Helitrope —» Elitropia Heliotrope Plant: 134,8 Hellebore, White —» Nießwurtz, weiß Hematite —» Blütstein, Ematites, Lapis sanguinalis Hemorrhage, almandine said to induce or increase —: 60,18 remedies for - : 29, 30, 31; 72,16; 74,16; 80,1; 84,12; 104,17-18; 110, 15-16; 126,5; 130,10; 140,15; 158,13; 160,10-11; 192,11-12; 196,8; 263, 268, 281 —> Nosebleed Hemorrhoids, treatment of —: 74,15; 128, 2-3

402

Indices

Hephaestite - » Epistrites Herbals, illustration of —: 5—6, 7 —» Herbarius Mogentinus; Hortus Sanitatis; Eucharius Rösslin the Younger, herbal Herbarius Mogentinus, derived from the "Circa instans" and from Matthew Silvaticus: 32 relationship of the — to the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17 relationship of the — to the "Hortus Sanitatis": 17 is not a direct source for Rösslin's herbal: 17 Herpes, remedy for —: 190,9 Herodotus: 307 Hiena (L./G.), etymology of - : 2 7 7 - 2 7 8 identification of - : 2 5 , 2 7 7 - 2 7 8 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Hieralogodium, an electuary: 237 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Hip Joint, remedy for pain of the —: 168,13 Hippocrates, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 44 portrait of — on the frontispiece of the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 Hips, remedy for chafed —: 188,1—2 Hog's Fennel, juice of —: 78,1-2; 232 Holland, travels of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger in —: 2 Honey, as an ingredient of remedies: 70,3; 82,10; 116,17; 120,6-7; 136,9; 156,4; 184,13; 186,6; 198,12; 202,16; 257 Hornstein (G.), = Silex: 216 Hornstone —* Feursteyn, Flint, Hornstein, Kiselstein, Kißling Hortus Sanitatis arrangement, systematic, of the —: 19 authorities, medieval and classical, cited in the - : 17, 18 compiled (?) by Jacob Meydenbach: 19 contents of the —: 19 dedicated to the members of the learned professions: 23—24 directly derived from Vincent of Beauvais and from Matthew Silvaticus: 32, 46 editions of the - : 1 8 - 2 0 editions of the — by Jacob Meydenbach: 17, 19 similiarity of its Preface to that of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a : 19

relationship to the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a : 1 8 - 1 9 sources, indirect — of — : 46 translation of the — into French: 19 translation, partial, of the — into German —» "Gart der Gesundheit" I b woodcuts of the — : 19 — (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497), animals, chapters on —, source for the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 20 — (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497), source for the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Priiss, Straßburg 1507/09): 1 9 - 2 0 — (Meydenbach, Mainz 1497), stones, chapters on —, source for the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 20, 31 Hrabanus Maurus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 44 indirect source for Rösslin's herbal: 208 Huba —> Juba Humor(s), blood purified from coarse: 148, 16 broken with natron: 164,11 — 12 drying of excess — : 126,7 eye troubles arising from — : 148,5 lodestone as a purge for bad — : 186, 9-10 remedy for bad - : 188,9 remedy for harmful —: 112,11—12 removal of bad — : 156,4—5 removal of heavy — : 186,3 salty - : 150,9-10 Hyacinth(us) —» Jacinth(us) = garnet (granatus) in Albertus Magnus: 276 Hyena —* Hiena Hyena Stone —> Hiena (Stone) Hyssop: 92,21; 242 Ice: 2 5 9 - 2 6 0 Ida, Mount, lodestone found at — by Magnes: 288 India, berillus of Indian origin: 295 diamond found in — : 211 mountains containing lodestone in — : 288

opalus found in — : 298 Indigestion, caused by vitriol: 202,15 Indicason —» Socos Injuries, remedies for old - : 108,10; 23-24

192,

Name and Subject Index Insanity, exebenos helps insane people: 134,1-2 swallowstone good against —: 112,8—9 zignites expels —: 204,16 Intestines, disorders of —: 29,30 remedy for suppurating —: 164,20 Invincibility, conferred by alectoria: 66,1 Invisibility, caused by heliotrope stone and plant: 134,10-11; 270-271 produced by eye stone: 166,7 Iris (L./G.), etymology of - : 281 identification of —: 281 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Iron: 54,15-16; 136,17; 154,9; 202,3; 273, 287 Iron Pyrites: 220 Iron Sulphate(s): 224, 233, 324 Iron Sulphide: 224, 324 Isaac Benianim, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 46 Iscultos (L./G.), etymology of - : 282-283 identification of - : 31, 282-283 = (?) hematite: 282 named 'white carfunckel': 283 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Isidore of Seville (Isidorus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 46 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 indirect source for the "Hortus Sanitatis" and for the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 46 indirect source for the "Hortus SaniItaly, magical practices in - : 264 vitriol found in —: 325 Itch or Itching, remedies for —: 84,3; 90,6-7; 186,19; 194,14-15; 200,16 Jade: 2 8 0 - 2 8 1 Jacinct(us) (L./G.), etymology of - : 278 identification of —: 37, 279 = garnet: 276, 279 = sapphire: 279 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Jasper: 210, 213, 267, 270 -> Jaspis Jaspis (L./G.), etymology of - : 279-280 identification of - : 43, 210, 280-281 'blutsteyn' substituted by 'jaspis': 268 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Jet —» Agathes, (Lapis) Agatis, schwartzer Agatstein, Agsteyn, Gagates, Karabe Joseph(us) —> Volmar Josephus, Flavius, cited (?) in Albertus 29

Rösslin: O n Minerals

403

Magnus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis", in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509) and in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 40 Joshua, woodcut of - in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 8 - 9 Joy, brought to the body by saphirus: 174,4 brought to the heart with hyacinthus: 144,8-9 a person made joyful by amber: 60,3 a person made joyful by turquoise: 196,14 Juba, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509) only cited by Vincent of Beauvais from Helinandus as 'Iuba': 39 Juices of Plants: 76,8-9; 84,10-11; 132, 188,17; 232, 237, 268, 3.10; 182,8-9; 312, 315 Jülich, Eucharius Rösslin as medical practioner in the vicinity of — : 2 Kalck (G.) — , geleschter, identification of — : 250-251 — , ungeleschter, identification of — : 250-251 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Kalinite: 234 Kappenstein —> Capaunstein Karabe, identification of - : 215, 216 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Kidney, remedies for stones in the — : 162, 4-5; 200,15; 293 Abü Yusüf Ya'qüb ibn Ishäq ibn al-Sabbah al-Kindï —» Aichindus Kiselstein (G.), etymology of — : 310 identification of — : 310 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Kißling (G.), etymology of — : 310 identification of — : 310 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Knotgrass Juice: 84,10; 237 Konrad von Megenberg: 209 Krottensteyn (G.), identification of — : 249 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Kupffer rost (G.), identification of — : 321 production of — : 321 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Lameness, remedy for — : 198,3 Lapis Lazuli —» Lasursteyn, Lazulus

404

Indices

Lasursteyn (G.), identification of —: 283-284 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Lazulus, Lapis -i (L./G.), etymology of —: 283 identification of - : 283-284 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Lawsuits —» Rosslin, Eucharius — the Younger; Schott, Johann; Egenolff, Christian Lead: 32,3; 114,5; 120,12; 200,3; 231, 261 —, Red —> Cinnabaris, Zinober production of — — by roasting white lead: 261 —, White —» Bleiweisz, Cerussa production of red lead by roasting : 261 production of white —: 255 white — used in plasters: 255—256 Lead Carbonate (Basic): 254-255 Lead Chloride (Basic): 285 Lead Monoxide: 261, 285, 322 Leather: 52,18 Leech, effect of ash on a —: 122,7 Leek —* Porrus, Prassium Lein 61, identification of —: 312 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Leipzig, study of Eucharius Rosslin the Younger at the University of - : 1 Lens, for kindling fire: 98,13 Leprosy —» Haut, maletzet; Fleck, maltziger remedies for - : 86,14; 180,11-12; 184, 10; 186,5; 190,2.9; 198,18; 315 Lett (G.), identification of - : 229 = terra sigillata: 317 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Leucorrhea, remedy for —: 132,11 Lewdness, expelled: 174,13 extinguished: 196,7 Leyden Papyrus X: 207 Leym (G.), identification of —: 229 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Liber de natura rerum —> Thomas of Cantimpre Lice, killing of - : 84,2; 92,13; 166,1 Ligurium (L./G.), = lynx: 286-287 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Ligurius (L./G.), etymology of - : 286-287 identification of - : 25, 43, 286-287 = amber: 286 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Limbs, remedy for foulness of the - : 104, 13-14 remedy for pains in the —-.168,13 Lime, slaked —» Calx (extincta), (Geleschter) Kalck unslaked —* Calx (viva), (Lebendiger) Kalck reaction of arsenious sulphide with unslaked —: 244—245 reaction of potassium carbonate with unslaked - : 251, 252 scum of —: 160,4 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Limestone, used for coffins: 306 Lime Water: 251 Limonite: 282 Lind (G.), = 'suss' or 'weych': 210 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Linden Wood: 54,3 Linseed Oil, identification of —: 312 Lips, remedy for swelling of the —: 84,5 Litargirium (L./G.), etymology of —: 284-285 identification of - : 31, 284-285 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Litharge —» Glet, Litargirium, Silberglet, Silberschaum Lithotherapy, of the medieval period: 29—30 therapeutic application of precious stones as contrasted to that of other mineral substances: 23—31 Liver Disease, remedies for —: 98,9—10; 104,8; 162,20; 294 Locusts, protection against —: 130,14—15; 136,1 Lodestone —» Magnes, Magnet Lonicer, Adam, as editor of Rosslin's herbal: 16 as town physician in Frankfurt am Main: 4 Loth -» Weights Lunatics, swallowstone said to be good for - : 112,9, 254 Lungs, damaged by atramentum: 78,15—16 glass said to be good for the —: 200,8 lesion of the - : 102,13-14 Lupus, remedy for —: 108,19 Lust, remedy for —: 134,3—4 Lutum Armenum, identification of —: 248 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Lybia, ruby found in —: 300 Lye: 96,22; 110,10-11; 122,14 Lyncurium —* Ligurius Lynx —» Ligurium

Name and Subject Index Magi, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 41, 224 Magic, protection against —: 144,8 —» Practice, magical Magnes, magnet (lodestone) named from —: 288 Magnes (L.), Magnet (G.), etymology of - : 287 identification of —: 288,311 named after Magnes: 288 found in Magnesia: 288, 290 inactivated by adamas: 212 legend of the mountains containing lodestone: 288 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Magnet Magnesia, magnes found in —: 288 magnesia found in - : 290 Magnesia (L./G.), etymology of - : 2 9 0 - 2 9 1 identification of - : 26, 2 9 0 - 2 9 1 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Magnetite: 211, 288 Malachite: 230, 307, 321 Mange: 242 Manus Christi cum margaritis: 289—290 Manus Christi cum perlis: 158,9—10; 289-290 Mappae Clavicula, indirect source for Rösslin's 1535 herbal: 2 0 7 - 2 0 8 Marble: 108,3; 160,15; 292 Marbode of Rennes (Marbodus), begins his lapidary with the words "Evax, rex Arabum, . . . " : 38 in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 41 as source for Rösslin's herbal: 208—209 Marcasit(a) (L./G.), etymology of —: 290 identification of - : 26, 290 atramentum sutorium (vitriolum) made from - : 233, 324 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Marcasite —» Marcasit(a) Marc of Grapes: 84,14; 237 Margarita (L./G.), etymology of —: 289 identification of —: 289 found in England, Flanders, and Germany: 289 manus Christi cum -is: 289—290 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Abu Zakariya' Yühannä ibn Mäsawaih (?) —* Aben mesuay Massicot: 261 Mastic G u m : 190,12; 212,273 29*

405

Matthew Silvaticus (Matthaeus Silvaticus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 37, 42 as source for the "Herbarius Mogentinus", of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a and for the "Hortus Sanitatis": 32 as source for Rösslin's herbal: 209 Meal: 186,22 Measures of Volume, Sester: 108,21; 252 Sextarius: 92,5; 240 Meat, quick preparation of —: 200,20 Medea, Medean Stone found by —: 292 Medean Stone —» Medo, -us Media, Medean Stone found in —: 292—293 Medo, -us (L./G.), etymology of -: 292-293 identification of —: 293 found in Media: 2 9 2 - 2 9 3 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Megenberg, Konrad von, not a source for the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l a and the "Hortus sanitatis": 46 Melancholic Illness, treatment of --.74,8-9 Melancholy, remedies for —: 58,15—16; 136,5; 148,15 Mellicrat: 156,9 Menstruation, control of —: 158,14 remedies for excessive —: 60,7—8; 102, 128,2-3 repression of —: 144,18—19 Mental Disorders, remedies for —: 29, 30 Mercuric Sulphide: 261 Mercury: 90,13; 239 - » Quicksilver Mesue, Johannes, author of a Latin pseudo-epigraphic pharmaceutical compendium: 3 9 - 4 0 in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 3 9 - 4 0 Mesue Maior (Mesue the Elder) —> Aben Mesuay Metal, = mine: 239 Metals —» Copper, Gold, Iron (Steel), Lead, Quicksilver (Mercury), Silver, Tin Metal Sulphates, astringent action of —: 233 Metridat (G.), antidote for poisons: 244 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Meydenbach, Jacob, as printer of the "Hortus Sanitatis": 17, 19 as compiler (?) of the "Hortus Sanitatis": 19 Mice, killed by quicksilver: 92,18 Milkstone —» Galactides

406

Indices

Milo of Croton, omitted as an authority by Rösslin: 24 Mind, excited by rage: 64,5—6 harmed by quicksilver vapor: 92,15—16 improved by hyacinthus: 144,8 strengthened by Samian stone: 176,4-5 strengthened by saphirus: 174,5 Mines, quicksilver found in —: 90,15—92,1; 239 salt obtained from - : 184,18; 312-313 Minium, identification of —: 239 = cinnabaris in Pliny: 261 as the name for natural mercuric sulphide in Agricola: 261 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Mithridates, King of Pontus: 244 - » Metridat Mithridate - * Metridat Mogra (L./G.), etymology of - : 294 identification of - : 25, 31, 294 found in — Asia Minor, for example in Cappadocia: 294 exported from Sinope: 294 — synoppida: 294 used as pigment: 294 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Molds, copper — cast in hornstone: 178, 15-16; 310 Moonstone —» Asterites, Silenites Mother-of-Pearl: 52,18 Mouth, cleansing of the - : 82,19-84,1 white lead said to cause bad breath: 114,15 Mucianus, identification of sarcophagus stone by — in Pliny: 300 Mullein, juice of - : 78,7; 232 Mustard Plant: 92,20-21; 241 Myrobalan: 76,8 Myrrh: 76,16; 273 Mythology, references to - omitted in Rösslin's herbal: 24 woodcuts of the "Hortus sanitatis" alluding to —: 19 Nail, extraction of spots on —: 184,14—15 removal of a —: 96,19 Names, technical, translated into German in Rösslin's herbal: 23 —* Place Names Natron —» Nitrum, Salniter Nephrite: 281 Nießwurtz, weiß (G.), identification of —: 312 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Nitrum, etymology of —: 295 identification of - : 31, 295-296 = borax: 295 found in Armenia, Asia Minor, Egypt: 295-296 use of - : 296 - » Index Verborum W. s. v. Nits, killing of - : 84,2 Nose, cleansing sores in the —: 204,12 remedy for discharging from the —: 76,7 Nosebleed, remedies for —: 60,13; 72,16; 76,12-13; 132,2; 160,11; 192,16; 202,14 Ochre, Red —» Mogra Odor, remedy for bad - of the armpit: 152,4-5 Oil, almond —: 316 elder - : 190,1; 200,13; 315, 323 juniper —: 323 laurel - : 92,12-13 linseed - : 52,20; 118,18; 312 olive - : 186,4.6.9; 332, 273 rose - : 92,12; 132,9; 152,10; 192,17 of tartar: 90,6; 116,5; 238, 256 walnut - : 92,22; 96,20; 150,9; 190,10 unnamed - : 108,2; 186,19.20.25; 198,12 —» Petroleum, White Petroleum Ointment, preservation of —: 62,4—6 Ointment Jars: 62,4-6; 217 Olearium (L.), = Olsteyn in Agricola: 265 Olivine: 259, 318 Olsteyn (G.), identification of —: 265 - » Index Verborum W. s. v. Onyx (-ix) (L./G.), identification of —: 303-305 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Onyx Marble: 62,4; 217 Opal —» Opthalmius, Opalus Opalus (L./G.), etymology of - : 298 identification of —: 298 = opthalmus: 297 found in India: 298 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Operculums —* Belliculus marinus Operment (G.), identification of —: 242 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Opthalmius (L./G.), etymology of —: 297 identification of —: 297 = opal: 297 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Name and Subject Index Opposition, heliotrope as providing security against 134,15-16 Ore(s): 52,20; 3 2 4 - 3 2 5 Oribasius, emplastrum oxicroceum at —: 273 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 örlin (G.), = earwig: 314 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Orites, Oritis (L./G.): 221 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Orithium (L./G.): 64,10; 221 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Oritzel (G.), = earwig: 314 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Ornaments, use of selenite for —: 160,5; 292 Pseudo-Orpheus, Lithika: 207 Orpiment —» Arsenicum (citrinum), Auripigmentum, Operment Ortus Sanitatis —» Hortus Sanitatis Os de Corde Cerui: 237-238 - » Index Verborum W. s. v. Oxicroceon: 273 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Oxtongue Water - » Waters, medicinal Pain, remedies for — of abdomen: 60,6—7; 124,19 remedies for — of brow: 174,3 remedies for — of hip joint and limbs: 168,14 remedies for — of stomach: 62,14—15; 124,18-19 remedies for — of tongue: 174,3 Palladius (Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss. Straßburg 1509): 4 1 - 4 2 Panarites: 66,15; 224 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Pandecta —> Matthew Silvaticus Panting, removal of —: 182,12—13 Papules, removal of skin —: 116,3 Paralysis, caused by quicksilver vapor: 92,15 in makers of white lead: 114,6 Paulus Aeginata, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 42 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 Peace, saphirus favorable towards —: 124,5 Pearls —» Perlin, Margarita, Vnio Pearwood: 52,16 Pellitory: 82,17; 237 Penidium (L.): 316 Penis: 56,2-3; 152,10

407

Peridonius (L./G.), identification of —: 25, 27, 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Peridot: 319 Perla (L./G.), Perlin (G.), etymology of —: 288 identification of - : 288-289 manus Christi cum -is: 2 8 9 - 2 9 0 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Personality, improved by agathes: 56,16 improved by alectoria: 66,3 improved by amethyst: 68,6—7 improved by swallowstone: 112,21—22 Perspiration, remedies for —: 140,15; 152,5; 174,2-3 Petroleum (L./G.), etymology of - : 299 identification of - : 31, 299 weiß - : 299 —* Steynöl, Erdöl —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Phantasies, resistance to —: 148,4 Phantasms, remedies for - : 58,9-10; 88, 3-4; 146,3; 148,15 —» Evil Phantasms Phantasy, expulsion of —: 118,14 protection against —: 54,19 Philosophus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 4 2 - 4 3 as a general term for alchemist: S. 43 cited by Vincent of Beauvais: S. 42—43 —* Pseudo-Rhazes Phlegma: 90,4 Physicians —> Town physicians Physiologus, in the "Hortus sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 43 Pickeringite: 234 Piety, imparted by saphirus: 174,4—5 Pills: 114,13; 132,6 Place Names, omitted in Rösslin's herbal: 23 Plague, remedies for - : 102,8; 182,5; 192,7 Plantain Juice: 132,10; 268 Plasma: 257, 280 Plasters: 62,15; 70,5; 82,2-3; 116,2; 136,12; 162,19; 186,22; 192,17; 194,16; 232, 255 - 256, 273 Platearius —» Circa instans Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 43 mentions Juba II, King of Mauretania: 39

408

Indices

as indirect source for Rosslin's herbal: 9, 208 Poison(s), and poisonous substances: 92,14; 94,10; 114,18-116,1; 120,13-14; 152, 6-7; 162,7-8; 241, 244, 255, 261 antidotes for - : 29; 54,18-19; 62,16; 92,19-20; 94,14-15; 98,17; 100,2-4; 134,15; 144,8; 176,15; 192,7-8 expulsion or removal of —: 182,4; 192.6-7 Pomegranate: 68,15 Porrus (L./G.): 257 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Potassium Bitrartate: 315 Potassium Carbonate: 238, 251, 262, 295-296 Potassium Hydroxide: 250 Pound —* Weights Practice, magical Galactite used for : 274 — 275 Hematite used for : 268 omitted in Rosslin's herbal: 24—25 Trachenstein used for : 266 —» Amulets Prase —» Prassium Prassium (L./G.): 257 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Privileges, Imperial, concerning (re)prints, 5 - 7 , 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 Prophecy, by means of the hyena stone: 142.7-8; 278 by means of silenites: 178,6 Protection, hephaestite worn on the heart for - : 134,17-136,1 hyacinthus worn by a pilgrim for —: 144,6-7 Priiss, Johann, as compiler (?) of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Strafiburg 1507/09) —» Gart der Gesundheit Pumex (L./G.), identification of - : 31, 300 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Pumice —» Pumex, Bims -> Index Verborum W. s. v. Pumifi Purge, for constipation: 62,14; 287 for the head: 204,10-11 for bad humour: 156,4—5 for quartan fever: 150,1—2; 284 Pus, in the chest: 182,12 in the ears: 166,2 Pustules, remedies for —: 102,—; 110,13; 184,5 Pyrite(s) - » Marcasit(a) Pyrolusite —* Magnesia

Abü 1-Qäsim Halaf al-'Abbäs az-ZahräwI —» Bulcasim Quarrels, prevention of —: 128,4—5 Quartan Fever, remedy for - : 150,2 Quartz: 211, 222, 257, 258, 259, 280, 281, 310, 318-319 Rose - : 223 Quentlein —» Weights Quicklime: 106,14; 226 Quicksilver: 90,12-92.3; 120,11; 202,2; 238-239, 241 -> Mercury Rabanus —» Hrabanus Maurus Rainbow Stone —» Iris Rain water, used in remedies: 124,18 Raisins: 134,1; 270 Rasis, Rhasis —» Rhazes Rats, killing of - : 204,2-3 Ravens, prevented from hatching: 200,18 Abü Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyä' ar-RäzI —> Rhazes Realgar —» Arsenicum (rubeum), Sandaraca Records, information about Rösslin contained in Frankfurt's court and accounting —: 1—4 Red Lead —* Lead Red Ochre - » Ochre Reichskammergericht, appeal of Rösslin to the - : 3 Reprint, illegal — of herbals: 5—7 —» Privileges, Imperial Resin: 184,5 Rhazes, cited as authority by Serapion: 45 in Rosslin's 1533 herbal: 9 (Liber medicinalis ad) Almansor(em), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit": 34, 44 —, in Rosslin's 1533 herbal: 9 Pseudo-Rhazes, Liber de aluminibus et salibus, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 44 cited by Vincent of Beauvais: 43 —> Philosophus Rhodion, pseudonym of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger: 4, 8 Rißlen (G.), meaning of —: 301 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Rock Crystal —» C(h)ristall(us) Rock Salt: 84,15; 312 Rocks, volcanic: 224 Rösslin, Barbara, first wife of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger: 3

Name and Subject Index Rösslin, Eucharius — the Elder father of Eucharius Rösslin the Younger, I, 2 - 3 Der Swangeren Frauwen vnd hebammen Rosegarten, by :4 Rösslin, Eucharius — the Younger birth, date and place of — unknown: 1 death, probable date of —: 4 as editor —» herbal, adapted for the common man by condensing the text; herbal, stylistic alterations and mistakes in —; herbal of 1535, insertions education of —: 1—2 Ehestandsarzneibuch, by —: 5 herbals of —: 5—7 herbal, adapted for the common man by condensing the text: 22—25, 27, 269 -270, 270 -271, 273, 276, 305, 323 herbal, dedicated to the common man: I I , 22

herbal, bibliographic description of the editions of his — published before his death: 8 - 1 6 herbal, editions of the — published before his death: 7 herbal, editors and editions of the — published after his death: 16 herbal, relationship of his — to the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17—20 herbal, relationship of his — to the "Hortus Sanitatis": 17-20 herbal, relationship to the "Liber de arte distillandi" of Hieronymus Brunschwig: 17 herbal, stylistic alterations and mistakes in - : 25 - 2 7 , 211, 259, 270, 291, 299(bis), 301, 302, 305, 322 herbal of 1533, arrangement of the chapters in the same way as in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a : 9 herbal of 1533, belongs to the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a : 17, 18, 20 herbal of 1533, quotations of ancient and medieval authorities in —: 9 herbal of 1535, authorities, medieval and classical, seldom cited in —: 31 n. 47; 254, 265 herbal of 1535, authorities, medieval and classical, omitted in the —: 23, 31, 46-47, 226 herbal of 1535 and later editions, belong to the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1507/09): 20, 21-22

409

herbal of 1535, partially taken from his 1533 herbal: 21-22, 268 herbal of 1535, insertions made by Rösslin in the - : 255, 263 herbal of 1535, Mappae Clavicula as indirect source of —: 53, 207—208 herbal of 1535, treatise on mineral substances derived from the "Gart der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 20, 21-22 "Kalender mit allen astronomischen haltungen . . . " by —: 5 law suits: 3 life and family of —: 1—4 life, professional, of - : 1 - 4 De partu hominis, et quae circa ipsum accidunt, translation into Latin of the elder Rösslin's "Der Swangern Frauwen vnd hebammen Rosegarten by —: 4—5 as town physician in Frankfurt am Main: 1, 2 - 3 quoting Johann Wonnecke (von, de) Cube (Cuba) for empirical observations in the "Gart der Gesundheit": 17—18 Johann Wonnecke (von, de) Cube (Cuba) as predecessor of —: 18, 20 Rösslin, Margretha, daughter of Eucharius Rösslin, the Younger: 3—4 Rohr (G.), = tube or reed: 210 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Roman Glue: 56,2; 212 Römer Leim (G.), = gluten romanum: 212 identification of —: 212 —» Index Verborum W. S. V. Rose Honey: 116,16 Rose Juice, electuary of —: 182,7; 312 Rosenstein (G.) (Rose Stone): 66,7; 223 Rótelsteyn (G.), etymology of - : 248 identification of —: 248 —> Index Verborum W. s. v. Rotstein (G.), identification of —: 301 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Round Alum: 80,8; 235 Rubeus (L./G.), identification of —: 300-301 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Rubin(us) (L./G.), identification of —: 22, 23, 300-301 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Ruby —> Anthrax, Rotstein, Rubeus, Rubin Ibn Rusd —» Averroes Saccharum Perlata: 290 Sadness, remedies for —: 88,3; 140,7

410

Indices

Safflower: 312 Saffron: 102,=; 146,14; 273 Salamander, feathers of - : 226, 282-283 wool from —: 148,2 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sal (L./G.), etymology of 312 identification of —: 31, 312 — Ammoniacum as a sort of salt: 314, 322 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sal Ammoniac —» Sal Armoniac Sal Armoniac, Salmiac, Salmiax (L./G.), etymology of: 313—314 identification of - : 28, 313-314 production of —: 314 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Salerno, medical school of —: 209 Saliva, used for fixing quicksilver: 94,3—4 Salniter (G.), etymology of —: 295, 312 identification of —: —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Saltz (G.), identification of —: 312 —» Sal —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Salt —» Litharge, Rock Salt, Sal, Sal Ammoniacum, Sheep Salves: 76,6; 82,1; 94,2; 96,3.9; 102,1; 108,15.17; 136,12-13; 182,18; 190,9; 192,15; 198,14; 200,16; 232, 245, 251, 273 Samian Stone —» Samius Samius (L./G.), identification of —: 305-306 found at Samos: 305—306 = exebenos in Agricola: 269 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Samos, Samian Stone found at —: 305—306 Sandaraca (L.) = realgar: 243 Sanguinalis, Lapis —, identification of —: 267 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Saphir(us) (L./G.), identification of - : 23, 210, 279, 3 0 1 - 3 0 2 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sapphire —> Saphir(us), Jacinct — purple —> Amethystus — star —» Asterites Sarcophagus (Stone) (L./G.), etymology of - : 306 identification of —: 306 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Sard —» Sarda, Sardio, Sardonyx Sarda (L.), identification of —: 264, 280, 303-304 —» Index Verborum W. s. v.

Sardio (L./G.), identification of —: 303 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sardonyx (L./G.), identification of —: 302-305 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Scab, remedies for - : 82,8; 90,6; 96,16; 108,12; 48,6; 150,9-10; 164,14; 184, 8-9; 186,14-15; 190,14; 242, 245 Scabies, remedies for - : 80,3; 94,2; 200,16 Scars, removal of - : 126,9; 152,3-4 softening of - : 198,14-15 Schleifsteyn (G.), identification of - : 265 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Schnat (G.), = weal or scar: 322 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Schöffer, Peter, as printer of the "Herbarius Mogentinus": 17 as printer of the "Gart der Gesundheit" l a (Mainz 1485): 17, 18 Schott, Johann, his involvement in a lawsuit with Christian Egenolff concerning the publication of Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 5-7 Schwalbensteyn (G.), identification of - : 253 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Schwebel, Schwefel (G.), identification of —: 311 - * Index Verborum W. s. v. Scotoma: 264 Scribonus Largus: 207 Scrupel —» Weights Scurvy, remedies for - : 152,8; 190,14 Scythia, emerald found in —: 307—308 Sea Salt: 185,18; 312 Security, imparted to a person by jaspis: 144,17 Selenite - * Silenites, Spiegelsteyn Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca), Naturales quaestiones, cited in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 44 Senit (G.): 284 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Senna —» Senit Sepulchers, made from hornstone: 187, 13-14 Serapinum, gummi » Gum(s) Serapion (Serapio), in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the "Gart der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 45 indirect source for the "Hortus Sanitatis" and for the "Gart der Gesund-

Name and Subject Index heit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 46 cited as authority in the Preface of the " G a r t der Gesundheit": 17 in Rösslin's 1533 herbal: 9 —» Alcanzi, Diascorides, Gal(i)en(us), Rhazes Sergius, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 4 4 - 4 5 Serpentine, found in Cornwall: 308 Servius, in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" I b (Prüss, Straßburg 1509): 45 Sester —» Weights Sextarius —* Weights Shallot —» Aschlauch Sheep, benefited by galactite: 140,3; 275 Shellfish: 158,4 Shepherd's Purse: 132,3; 268 juice of - : 76,11; 232, 268 Shoulders, remedy for chafed —: 188,2 Silberglet (G.), etymology of —: 284 identification of —: 284 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Silberschaum (G.), identification of —: 242 —» Spuma argenti —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Silenites ( L . / G . ) , identification of —: 292, 308-309 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Silex ( L . / G ) , identification of - : 310 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Silica: 212, 270, 312 Silvaticus —* Matthew Silvaticus Silver —» Argentum Ibn Slnä —» Avicenna Sinope, mogra exported from — (cf. mogra synoppida): 294 Sinopis (L.), = mogra: 294 Skin, beautifying the - : 108,11-12; 114,9; 150,18; 186,20- 21; 255 cleansing the - : 182,16-17 remedies for irritation or itching of the - : 184,6-7; 186,19; 190,11 remedy for leprous —: 182,10—11 serious lesions of the —: 245, 248 superficial - lesions: 29, 30, 31, 254, 285, 297, 301, 322 peeling of the - : 162,7; 164,11; 182, 16-17 remedies for rough —: 96,14; 150,12; 245, 285 peridonius said to burn the —: 168,4

411

Slaked Lime: 106,15 Slate: 293 Sloth, remedy for - -.98,12 Smaragd(us) ( L . / G . / E . ) , etymology of —: 307 identification of - : 37, 210, 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Snakes: 138,12; 180,7 Soap, as an ingredient of remedies: 76,2; 96,14; 136,9 manufacture of a - : 108,20-110,9; 251-252 Venetian - : 76,2 Socos (L.): 66,14; 224 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Indisacon Sodium Carbonates: 295—296 Solinus (Gaius Julius Solinus), as source for Rosslin's herbal: 208 in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" I b (Priiss, Strafiburg 1509): 45 Sores, bad - : 104,17 burning —: 186,26 cleansing of —: 204,12 deep - : 68,18 white - of the eye: 162,11; 168,15 spreading - : 186,23—24 of the throat: 82,15; 186,9; 188,11 treacherous - : 70,2; 80,5-6 virulent - : 186,26 remedies for - : 60,11; 70,2; 80,5-6; 82,15; 104,17-18; 162,11; 168,15; 170, 16-17; 186,6.14.23 - 24.26; 188,11; 194,15; 204,12 Sorrel Water —» Waters, medicinal Sotacus as source for Pliny: 266, 267—268, 288 Sowthistle Water —» Waters, medicinal Spain, iscultos found in —: 282 terra sigillata found in —: 317 Specularis, Lapis - ( L . / G . ) : 2 9 1 - 2 9 2 Spiegelsteyn (G.), identification of —: 291-292 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Spieszglasz (G.), etymology of —: 230 identification of —: 230 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Spinel, red —» Carbunckel, Granat(us), Jacinct Spirit of Life, strengthening the —: 158,6 Spirits —» Evil Spirits Spleen, remedies for disease of the — 88, 12-13; 104,7-8; 136,6 drying of the - : 124,18

412

Indices

Spongrun (G.), etymology of — : 320 identification of - : 30, 31, 3 2 0 - 3 2 1 production of — : 321 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. St. John Island —» Topazus Starch: 316 Star Stones —» Asterion, Asterites Stave: 316 Steel: 54,17 Stephen of Antioch, as translator of the "Kitàb al-malakl" of 'All ibn al-'Abbas ( = Liber regalis): 33 Steynól (G.), = petroleum: 299 Stibnite —» Antimonium, Spieszglasz Sties, remedies for - : 116,9; 186,17 Stillbirth, expulsion of - : 182,14 Stock, Johann, as town physician in Frankfurt am Main: 4 Stockholm Papyrus: 207 Stomach Diseases and Disorders, remedies for - : 29, 30; 62,14-15; 104,8; 116, 17-18; 124,18-19; 134,1; 154,7; 164, 18-19; 287 Stones, treatment for bladder — : 56,1—3; 200,14-15 generation and growth of — : 54,13; 56,9; 196,13; 212, 214, 320 hard - : 52,7; 54,9; 64,5; 142,13 iridescent — : 278 remedies of kidney — : 162,4—5; 200, 14-15 lime made from — : 108,3 polishing of - : 52,7; 210 soft - : 52,10; 210 softening with goat's blood: 211—212 Storms, defied by coral: 126,1 protection of crops against — : 134, 17-136,2 Strength, remedies for improving bodily — : 86,9-10; 144,5 Strife, prevention of - : 54,18-19; 128,4-5 Stroke: 114,6 Style —* Ròsslin, Eucharius — the Younger, herbal, stylistic, alterations and mistakes Succinum, -us (L./G.), identification of — : 310-311 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sudines, as source for Pliny: 305 Sugar, as an ingredient of remedies: 86,18; 158,9; 290, 316 Cake - : 316 Sugar Alum: 80,8; 235 Sugar of Bamboo: 212

Sulphur (L./G.), identification of — 27, 30, 31, 311 —> Schwebel, Schwefel —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Sulphuric Acid, production of —: 326 Sun, causes the rainbow stone to emit colors: 1 4 6 , 1 0 - 1 2 ; 281 protection against heat of the —: 130, 12-13 striking effects seen when topasius is held toward the - : 196,46; 319 Süss (G.), = 'weych' or 'lind': 210 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Swallowstone —> Chelidonius, Schwalbensteyn Sweatbath, preparation of a —: 82,5—9 Swelling, remedy for melancholic —: 118, 12-13; 259 Swelling, healing of glandular —: 68,10—11 Sylvaticus —* Matthew Silvaticus Syncope, relief of — : 158,8 Abü 1-Hasan 'All ibn Sahl Rabban at-Tabarl —> Athabaris Tabarzed (L.), Tabarzet (G.), identification of - : 212 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Tabasheer: 54,20; 212 Tampons, preparation or use of —: 76,1—2. 10; 82,4; 232 Tartar —» Tartarum, Weinsteyn, Weinsteynól Tartarum (L./G.), etymology of - : 315 identification of - : 27, 28, 31, 3 1 5 316 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Technical names —» Names, technical Teeth, beautifying the - : 158,14; 170,20; 188,12-13; 314 cleansing the - : 170,20; 314 remedy for soft —: 84,9 removal of — : 126,13—14 Tegula, identification of —: 31, 317 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Terra Hispanica (L./G.), = Terra Sigillata: 317 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Terra Sigillata ( L . / G . ) , etymology of — : 316 identification of — : 31, 316—317 —> Terra Hispanica; Lett; Bolus, Weißer; Erd, versigelt weiß —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Theophrastus (Theophrastos of Eresos), in the "Hortus Sanitatis" and in the "Gart

413

Name and Subject Index der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509): 4 5 - 4 6 as source for Rösslin's herbal: 2 0 7 Theriac —» Tiria(c)k Thirst, remedies for —: 66,1—2; 120,6 T h o m a s of Cantimpre, in the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and in the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l b (Priiss, Straßburg 1509) cited only by Vincent of Beauvais: 41 as source for Rösslin's herbal: 2 0 8 , 2 1 4 , 216, 218 Thracian Stone: 274 Threads, made from iscultos: 146,14—16 Throat, remedy for a membrane or sore in the - : 188,9-10 Thunder, defied by coral: 126,1 Tiberius, the lapidary of Damigeron written for - : 254 Tile —» Zigelsteyn, Later T i n : 52,25.26; 54,2; 86J Tiria(c)k ( G . ) , antidote for poisons: —> Index Verborum W . s. v. T 6 d t e n ( G . ) , = to fix: 241 Toadstone —» Krottensteyn ( G . ) , Borax (L./G.) Tongue, remedy for pain in the —: 174,3 Toothache, remedy for —: 84,2—3 Topasius ( L . / G . ) , etymology of —: 317— 318 identification 318-319

of

- :

210,

258-259,

—» Index Verborum W . s. v. T o p a z —> Topasius Topazus, topaz named from —: 317—318 Tourmaline: 3 2 6 T o w n physicians of Frankfurt am Main, position of — : 2—3 Trachenstein ( G . ) , identification of : 2 6 6 —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Tripoli in N o r t h Africa, tripoli(te) derives its name from —: 2 1 0 Tripoli(te), = trippel farb: 2 1 0 Trippel ( G . ) , = tripoli(te): 2 1 0 —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Trona: 295 Tufa: 310 Turkestan, turquoise found in - : 319 Turchois ( L . / G . ) - » Türckisz —* Index Verborum W . s. v. Türckisz ( G . ) , identification of - : 319—320 —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Turpentine: 184,14; 2 3 2 , 2 7 3 , 312 Turpentine Resin: 198,17 Turquillis —» Türckisz

Turquoise —» Turchois, Tiirckisz Tutty:

76,8

Uffenbach,

Peter,

as editor

of

Rosslin's

herbal: 16 Ulceration: 152,10-11 Ulcers, remedy for - : 2 9 , 3 0 , 3 1 ; 192,20-21 Unchastity, repression of —: 134,3—4; 144,17-18 —> Lewdness Vnio ( L . / G . ) , identification of - : 289 —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Urination, remedy for difficult —: 124,14— IS Urine, flow of - blocked by litharge: 152,6 use of child's - : 182,10-11 Varices, remedy for —: 78,1—4 Veins, remedy for bruised — : 188,1—2 Venetian Soap: 76,2 Verdigris —» Aerugo, Kupffer rost, Spongrun, Viride aeris Verdigris Salve: 2 3 2 , 273 Vertigo, expulsion of — : 176,4 Vesuvius, ammonium chloride found at —: 314 Victrill ( G . ) , etymology of —: 323 identification of - : 31, 3 2 4 - 3 2 5 found in Italy and Babylonia: 325 —» Index Verborum W . s. v. Vigor, brought to the body by saphirus: 174,4 Vincent of Beauvais, source for the " H o r t u s Sanitatis" and for the " G a r t der Gesundheit" l a : 3 2 , 4 6 indirect source for Rosslin's herbal: 2 0 8 —» A c t o r , Arnold of Saxony, Helinandus, Thomas of Cantimpre, Philosophus, Pseudo-Rhazes Vine Ashes: 108,21 Vinegar, as an ingredient of remedies: 72,15; 82,12.19; 92,23; 114,8; 132,8; 142,5; 150,11.13; 164,15; 182,16; 186,6.19.20; 192,17.22; 194,2; 273 copper corroded by — : 321 neutralization of natron with -: 164,15; 2 9 7 supposed poisonous nature of 114,5-7; 255 Virginity, tests for - : 58,17—20 Viride aeris ( L . / G . ) , identification of 320-321 production of — : 321—322 —* Index Verborum W . s. v.

—:

—:

414

Indices

Vision, remedy for dimness of — : 158,14 impairment of that of bystanders : 166,6.14—15; 298 strengthening of — : 166,14 —* Eyesight Vitrol —> Chalcitis, Colcotar, Victrill, Vitriolum Vitriolum (L./G.), etymology of — : 323 identification of — : 323-325 found in Italy and Babylonia : 325 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Vitrum (L./G.), production of - : 30, 31, 322-323 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Volmar, author of the "Steinbuch" which is also attributed to Joseph: 40, 209, 254 Vomiting, caused by Medean stone: 162,7-8 War, protection against — : 54,18—19 Warts, healing of - : 148,15-16 removal of - : 108,14; 251 Washing, use of natron for — : 164,4; 296 Water, heliotrope said to cause evaporation of - : 134,12; 271 color of sun modified by heliotrope placed in - : 134,13-14 hematite said to cool boiling — : 130,12; 268 jet kindled by - : 138,6; 274 Waters, medicinal, made from alum: 84,2.3 made from ash: 122,10 made from coriander: 80,4 made from fig ash: 122,71 made from fennel : 76,18; 232 made from fumitory: 108,11; 251 made from honey: 132,5; 156,4; 194,2; 202,16 made from oxtongue: 230 made from rose: 76,17-18; 104,1; 108,11; 114,11; 150,14; 188,19; 289 made from sorrel: 104,5; 249 made from sow-thistle: 102; 248 Weakness, remedy for — : 86,8.9 weak and feeble-minded persons healed: 178,3 weak persons revived: 162,5 Weiditz (Wyditz), Hans, as illustrator of the "Herbal" of Otto Brunfels: 5 - 7 Weight, preparation for losing — : 190,12— 13 Weights, centner: 92,5; 240-241 loth: 86,15.23; 96,5-6; 102,17; 108,15.

16; 132,9(ter); 186,6; 242, 244, 251, 268 pound: 110,5; 252 quentlein: 86,15; 92,23; 94,1; 96,1; 132,7; 156,11; 202,16; 242, 268, 288, 325 scrupel: 92,6; 241 sester, sextarius: 95,5; 240, 252 Wein trüssen (G.), = residue from pressing grapes: 237 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Weinsteyn (G.), identification of -: 315-316 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Weinsteyn61 (G.), identification of - : 238, 256 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Wetzsteyn (G.), identification of - : 27, 265 —* Index Verborum W. s. v. Weych (G.), = 'suss' or 'lind': 210 Whetstone —» Cos, Wetzsteyn, Schleifsteyn, Olsteyn Whey: 110,13 White Carbuncle —* Carbuncle White Hellebore - » Hellebore White Lead —» Lead White Litharge —» Litharge White of Egg: 132,8 White Petroleum —» Petroleum Wieche (G.), = tampon: 231-232 Willow Ashes: 108,13.21 Wine: 88,12.14; 92,20; 102,16; 132,18; 182,8; 190,7-8.9; 192,6; 194,2; 200,15; 315-316 Winestone: 3 1 5 - 3 1 6 Wolfram von Eschenbach: 209 Womb, purification of the — : 182,15 remedy for hemorhage of the —: 104, 17-18 Wonnecke (Dronecke), Johan(n) (von, de) Cube (Cuba, Caub), as compiler (?) of the "Gart der Gesundheit" la, 6, 8, 1 7 - 1 8 , 20, 26 as town physician in Frankfurt am Main: 18 Woodcuts, technology of - : 6 - 7 of the "Hortus Sanitatis": 19 Worms, remedies for ear —: 166,2; 204,13 removal of body - : 124,22; 202,16 Wormwood: 92,21; 242 Wounds, treatment of - : 29,30,31; 90,8.9; 102,10; 108,2; 154,8-9; 162,19; 170,10; 190,8; 192,22 -23; 196,8; 198,10-11. 13; 202,10

Name and Subject Index Wrath, protection against —: 112,19—20 Wyditz Weiditz Yolk of Egg: 182,4-5 Ysaac beniamin (benyamin) —> Isaak Beniamin Ysidorus —» Isidore zeychen (G.), = ornament: 292

415

Zigelsteyn (G.), = tegula or later: 317 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Zignites (L./G.), etymology of - : 326 identification of — : 326 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Zinober (G.), identification of —: 260—261 production of —: 261 —» Index Verborum W. s. v. Zircon: 279

CORRECTIONS Pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp-

XXXIV 4 8 10 13 14 15 17 17 18 20 25 25 31 32 32 37 37 39 41 41 42 75 78 78 78 78 84 86 88 88 220 226 227

for XVe read XV e 1. 45 for the read he 1. 17 for CXCXII, read CXCXII), 1. 14 for 'Das read "Das 1. 37 for Mit read Mitt 1. 5 for L I 6 read Ll 6 1. 11 for L l 6 read Ll* 1. 35 for early read Early 1. 2 1. 28 for of read or for XXX read 337-339 1. 14 delete comma 1. 37 1. 25 for no read to for stone read stones 1. 27 for mineral read Mineral 1. 1 for 50 read 503 1. 14 for 50 read 5°a 1. 43 for 'Diasco. read 'Diasco.' 1. 12 1. 34 for auctoriate read auctoritate 1. 37 for Maurentania read Mauretania for virtutibus, read virtutibus", 1. 2 for enty read entry 1. 21 1. 12 for XIII; read XIII: list of variants 12-- 1 3 for dz read daz 1. 12 for trucken/ read trucken. list of sources 8--9 for 46 Serapio read 46 (Serapio list of sources 11 — 12 for Ps. Gerh. read Ps.-Gerh. list of sources 12 — 14 for buch metheorum read buch metheororum list of prints insert G list of variants 9— 12 for 1455 read 1485 list of variants 3 —4 for Schönsperger read (Schönsperger list of variants 5— 6 for Arnold read Arnald 1. 6 for are, read are 1. 36 for p. read pp. for etites read 'etites' 1. 7

418

Corrections

PPPPPPPPPPPPP-

232 253 260 317 320 320 321 325 338 338 355 356 357

1. 5 Note 446 1. 33 1. 29 1. 11 1. 36 1. 39 1. 18 column 3, column 3, column 1, column 1, column 1,

1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

PPPPPPPPPPP-

357 357 358 398 399 403 405 406 407 407 409

column 2, column 2, column 2, column. 2, column 2, column 1, column 2, column 1, column 1, column 2, column 1,

1. 6 1. 13 1. 8 1. 7 1. 12 1. 34 1. 23 1. 42 1. 35 1. 35 1. 12

24 25 20 15 10

for Apostelsalbe' read 'Apostelsalbe' put on p. 254 for sanitatis read Sanitatis for beeswax read beeswax with for Suff 1 1 4 0 ; read Suff 1 1 4 0 ); for 1148 Plin. read 11483 Plin. for 1154 Dsc. read 11543 Dsc. for sulfate read sulphate for lapis lazuli read lapis lazuli (240) for lasurstein read lasurstein (240) for adj, read adj. for 136,3 read 136,13 for (allein) 86,5 114,18 (allein) 138,1 (on read (allein) 86,5 114,18 138,1 (on for 96.12 96,6.9.11 read 96.12 96,4.9.11 for 74,5 102, 108,1 read 74,5, 102,8 108,1 for: w. read: s. for Elder oil read Elder Oil for superflous read superfluous delete this line for sanitatis read Sanitatis for sanitatis read Sanitatis for (Priiss. read (Prüss, for sanitatis read Sanitatis for insertions read insertions;

w DE

G

Walter de Gruyter Berlin-Newark Ars Medica Texte und Untersuchungen zur Quellenkunde der Alten Medizin. Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin der Freien Universität Berlin. I. Abteilung: Medizin des Alten Orients Herausgegeben von Franz Köcher

Franz Köcher (Hrsg.)

Die Materia medica im Alten Zweistromland Teil I: Drogenlisten, Pflanzen- und Steinbeschreibungstexte, das therapeutische Vademecum und das Drogeninventar aus Assur (Band I [= BAM IX]; in Vorbereitung) II. Abteilung: Griechisch-lateinische Medizin. Herausgegeben von Gerhard Baader, Hans Diller, Charles Lichtenthaeler

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Cajus Fabricius

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Galens Exzerpte aus älteren Pharmakologen Groß-Oktav. X, 266 Seiten. 1972. Ganzleinen DM 9 4 , ISBN 3 11 001802 0 (Band 2)

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Kleine Schriften zur antiken Medizin Herausgegeben von Gerhard Baader und Hermann Grensemann Groß-Oktav. XIV, 300 Seiten. 1973. Ganzleinen D M 9 4 , - (Band 3)

Hermann Grensemann

Gert Preiser

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Allgemeine Krankheitsbezeichnungen im Corpus Hippocraticum Gebrauch und Bedeutung von Nousos und Nosema Groß-Oktav. XX, 138 Seiten. 1976. Ganzleinen DM 8 6 , - (Band 5)

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Galenus Latinus Teil 1: Burgundio of Pisa's Translation of Galen's Jiepi Kpaoeoav „De complexionibus" Groß-Oktav. XXXII, 198 Seiten. 1976. Ganzleinen DM 148,(Band 6) Preisänderungen vorbehalten.

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Walter de Gruyter Berlin-Newark Ars Medica Texte und Untersuchungen zur Quellenkunde der Alten Medizin Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin der Freien Universität Berlin. III. Abteilung: Arabische Medizin. Herausgegeben von Albert Dietrich und Otto Spies

O t t o Spies H o r s t MüllerBütow

Ursula Weißer-Fuchs Felix Klein-Franke

Franz Köcher

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Das Buch über das Geheimnis der Schöpfung von Pseudo-Apollonios von Tyana

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Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen

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