Введение в OLAP-технологии Microsoft

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Invoices Northwind,

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SELECT dbo.Invoices.Country, dbo.Invoices.City, dbo.Invoices.CustomerName, dbo.Invoices.Salesperson, dbo.Invoices.OrderDate, dbo.Categories.CategoryName, dbo.Invoices.ProductName, dbo.Invoices.ShipperName, dbo.Invoices.ExtendedPrice FROM dbo.Products INNER JOIN dbo.Categories ON dbo.Products.CategoryID = dbo.Categories.CategoryID INNER JOIN dbo.Invoices ON dbo.Products.ProductID = dbo.Invoices.ProductID

Access 2000

:

SELECT Invoices.Country, Invoices.City, Invoices.Customers.CompanyName AS CustomerName, Invoices.Salesperson,

Invoices.OrderDate, Categories.CategoryName, Invoices.ProductName, Invoices.Shippers.CompanyName AS ShipperName, Invoices.ExtendedPrice FROM Categories INNER JOIN (Invoices INNER JOIN Products ON Invoices.ProductID = Products.ProductID) ON Categories.CategoryID = Products.CategoryID;

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SELECT SUM (ExtendedPrice) FROM invoices1 WHERE Country=’France’

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SELECT SUM (ExtendedPrice) FROM invoices1 WHERE Country=’France’ AND ShipperName=’Speedy Express’

Speedy Express? ,

SELECT SUM (ExtendedPrice) FROM Ord_pmt WHERE CompanyName=’Speedy Express’ AND OrderDate BETWEEN ‘December 31, 1995’ AND ‘April 1, 1996’ AND ShipperName=’Speedy Express’

1996 Speedy Express?

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‘Austria’ .

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( Country Argentina Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Denmark Finland France Germany …

): SUM (ExtendedPrice) 7327.3 110788.4 28491.65 97407.74 46190.1 28392.32 15296.35 69185.48 209373.6 …

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SELECT Country, SUM (ExtendedPrice) FROM invoices1 GROUP BY Country

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ShipperName Country

2

, Microsoft English Query,

Federal Shipping Speedy Express United Package

Argentina 1 210.30

1 816.20

5 092.60

Austria

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46 128.93

40 870.77

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SQL.

Belgium

11 393.30

4 717.56

17 713.99

Brazil

16 514.56

35 398.14

55 013.08

Canada

19 598.78

5 440.42

25 157.08

Denmark

18 295.30

6 573.97

7 791.74

Finland

4 889.84

5 966.21

7 954.00

France

28 737.23

21 140.18

31 480.90

Germany

53 474.88

94 847.12

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TRANSFORM Sum(Invoices1.ExtendedPrice) AS SumOfExtendedPrice SELECT Invoices1.Country FROM Invoices1 GROUP BY Invoices1.Country PIVOT Invoices1.ShipperName;

GROUP BY: SELECT Country,ShipperName, SUM (ExtendedPrice) FROM invoices1 GROUP BY COUNTRY,ShipperName

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Country ShipperName Argentina Federal Shipping Austria Federal Shipping Belgium Federal Shipping Brazil Federal Shipping … …

): SUM (ExtendedPrice) 845.5 35696.78 8747.3 13998.26 …

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1. 1 CREATE DATABASE Northwind_Mart ON PRIMARY ( NAME=Northwind_Mart_Data, FILENAME='d:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\mssql\data\Northwind_Mart_Data.MDF', SIZE=5MB, FILEGROWTH=10% ) LOG ON ( NAME=Northwind_Mart_Log, FILENAME='d:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\mssql\data\Northwind_Mart_Log.LDF', SIZE=2MB, FILEGROWTH=10% ) GO USE Northwind_Mart GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customer_Dim] ( [CustomerKey] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , [CustomerID] [nchar] (5) NOT NULL , [CompanyName] [nvarchar] (40) NOT NULL , [ContactName] [nvarchar] (30) NOT NULL , [ContactTitle] [nvarchar] (30) NOT NULL , [Address] [nvarchar] (60) NOT NULL , [City] [nvarchar] (15) NOT NULL , [Region] [nvarchar] (15) NOT NULL , [PostalCode] [nvarchar] (10) NULL ,

Northwind_Mart) —

[Country] [nvarchar] (15) NOT NULL , [Phone] [nvarchar] (24) NOT NULL , [Fax] [nvarchar] (24) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employee_Dim] ( [EmployeeKey] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , [EmployeeID] [int] NOT NULL , [EmployeeName] [nvarchar] (30) NOT NULL , [HireDate] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Product_Dim] ( [ProductKey] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , [ProductID] [int] NOT NULL , [ProductName] [nvarchar] (40) NOT NULL , [SupplierName] [nvarchar] (40) NOT NULL , [CategoryName] [nvarchar] (15) NOT NULL , [ListUnitPrice] [money] NOT NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Sales_Fact] ( [TimeKey] [int] NOT NULL , [CustomerKey] [int] NOT NULL , [ShipperKey] [int] NOT NULL , [ProductKey] [int] NOT NULL , [EmployeeKey] [int] NOT NULL , [RequiredDate] [datetime] NOT NULL , [LineItemFreight] [money] NOT NULL , [LineItemTotal] [money] NOT NULL , [LineItemQuantity] [smallint] NOT NULL , [LineItemDiscount] [money] NOT NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Shipper_Dim] ( [ShipperKey] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , [ShipperID] [int] NOT NULL , [ShipperName] [nvarchar] (40) NOT NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Time_Dim] ( [TimeKey] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , [TheDate] [datetime] NOT NULL , [DayOfWeek] [nvarchar] (20) NOT NULL , [Month] [int] NOT NULL , [Year] [int] NOT NULL , [Quarter] [int] NOT NULL , [DayOfYear] [int] NOT NULL , [Holiday] [nvarchar] (1) NOT NULL , [Weekend] [nvarchar] (1) NOT NULL , [YearMonth] [nvarchar] (10) NOT NULL , [WeekOfYear] [int] NOT NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Customer_Dim] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Customer_Dim] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([CustomerKey]) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Employee_Dim] WITH NOCHECK ADD

CONSTRAINT [PK_Employee_Dim] PRIMARY KEY ([EmployeeKey]) ON [PRIMARY]

NONCLUSTERED

GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product_Dim] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Product_Dim] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([ProductKey]) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Sales_Fact] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Sales_Fact] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ( [TimeKey], [CustomerKey], [ShipperKey], [ProductKey], [EmployeeKey] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Shipper_Dim] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Shipper_Dim] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([ShipperKey]) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Time_Dim] WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Time_Dim] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([TimeKey]) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Sales_Fact] ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Fact_Customer_Dim] FOREIGN KEY ([CustomerKey]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Customer_Dim] ([CustomerKey]), CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Fact_Employee_Dim] FOREIGN KEY ([EmployeeKey]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Employee_Dim] ([EmployeeKey]), CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Fact_Product_Dim] FOREIGN KEY ([ProductKey]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Product_Dim] ([ProductKey]), CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Fact_Shipper_Dim] FOREIGN KEY ([ShipperKey]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Shipper_Dim] ([ShipperKey]), CONSTRAINT [FK_Sales_Fact_Time_Dim] FOREIGN KEY ([TimeKey]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Time_Dim] ([TimeKey]) GO

,

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Description, SQL-

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SELECT DISTINCT S.ShippedDate AS TheDate, DateName(dw, S.ShippedDate) AS DayOfWeek, DatePart(mm, S.ShippedDate) AS [Month], DatePart(yy, S.ShippedDate) AS [Year], DatePart(qq, S.ShippedDate) AS [Quarter], DatePart(dy, S.ShippedDate) AS DayOfYear, 'N' AS Holiday, case DatePart(dw, S.ShippedDate) when (1) then 'Y' when (7) then 'Y' else 'N' end AS Weekend, DateName(month, S.ShippedDate) + '_' + DateName(year,S.ShippedDate) AS YearMonth, DatePart(wk, S.ShippedDate) AS WeekOfYear FROM Orders S WHERE S.ShippedDate IS NOT NULL

Destination Time_Dim.

Transformations Time_Dim. New, Edit,

, Delete (

. 4).

. 4.

Time_Dim

, Customer_Dim, Customers. Source Customers Northwind, Customer_Dim Customer_Dim. , Region , ). Region , New, New Transformation ActiveX Script ActiveX Script Transformation Properties :

, Table/View, Destination

(

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Function Main() If IsNull(DTSSource("Region")) Then DTSDestination("Region") = "Other" Else DTSDestination("Region") = DTSSource("Region") End If Main = DTSTransformStat_OK End Function

, (

. 5).

,

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Customer_Dim Product_Dim Time_Dim. , Transform Data Task Properties SQL Query, DTS Query Designer ( . 6).

Query

. 6.

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UnitPrice

Products Destination , ,

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Northwind,

Product_Dim,

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Add, Query

:

SELECT CompanyName FROM Suppliers WHERE (SupplierID = ?)

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SupplierId New

New, ActiveX Script, ActiveX Script Transformation Properties :

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Function Main() DTSDestination(“SupplierName”) = _ DTSLookups(“SupplierLookup”).Execute(DTSSource(“SupplierID”).Value) Main = DTSTransformStat_OK End Function

, EmployeeName Transformations, LastName, . Script Transformation Properties:

, Employee_Dim, Customers, FirstName LastName, Customer_Dim. New ActiveX Script , FirstName ActiveX

Function Main() DTSDestination(“EmployeeName”) = DTSSource(“FirstName”) & _ “ “ & DTSSource(“LastName”) Main = DTSTransformStat_OK End Function

, ShipperName

CompanyName Shipper_Dim.

Shipper_Dim Shippers Northwind

, . Sales_Fact,

, :

SELECT Northwind_Mart.dbo.Time_Dim.TimeKey, Northwind_Mart.dbo.Customer_Dim.CustomerKey, Northwind_Mart.dbo.Shipper_Dim.ShipperKey, Northwind_Mart.dbo.Product_Dim.ProductKey, Northwind_Mart.dbo.Employee_Dim.EmployeeKey, Northwind.dbo.Orders.RequiredDate, Orders.Freight * [Order Details].Quantity / (SELECT SUM(Quantity) FROM [Order Details] od WHERE od.OrderID = Orders.OrderID) AS LineItemFreight, [Order Details].UnitPrice * [Order Details].Quantity AS LineItemTotal, [Order Details].Quantity AS LineItemQuantity, [Order Details].Discount * [Order Details].UnitPrice * [Order Details].Quantity AS LineItemDiscount FROM Orders INNER JOIN [Order Details] ON Orders.OrderID = [Order Details].OrderID INNER JOIN Northwind_Mart.dbo.Product_Dim ON [Order Details].ProductID = Northwind_Mart.dbo.Product_Dim.ProductID INNER JOIN Northwind_Mart.dbo.Customer_Dim ON Orders.CustomerID =

Northwind_Mart.dbo.Customer_Dim.CustomerID INNER JOIN Northwind_Mart.dbo.Time_Dim ON Orders.ShippedDate = Northwind_Mart.dbo.Time_Dim.TheDate INNER JOIN Northwind_Mart.dbo.Shipper_Dim ON Orders.ShipVia = Northwind_Mart.dbo.Shipper_Dim.ShipperID INNER JOIN Northwind_Mart.dbo.Employee_Dim ON Orders.EmployeeID = Northwind_Mart.dbo.Employee_Dim.EmployeeID WHERE (Orders.ShippedDate IS NOT NULL)

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OLAP, Analysis Services Microsoft Office). PivotTable Service , Analysis Services . Microsoft Office 2000/XP Analysis Services, Analysis Services, Microsoft

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Microsoft Excel Microsoft Microsoft SQL Microsoft Excel 2000, . , WebOLE DB.Э .

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PivotTable | Offline OLAP PivotTable | Client-Server Settings) . 15; Excel 2000 — Create Local Cube).

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Offline OLAP Settings

Excel 2002 ( Excel Create

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PivotTable List OLAPWebPivotTable List

Web-

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OLAP. PivotTable List — Microsoft Office Web Components OLAP. Э , Windows-

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Microsoft Excel 2002,

OLAP-

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WebMicrosoft Excel File | Save As Web Page,

Web-

. Choose

PivotTable, ( . 1).

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PivotTable List — Microsoft Excel Publish, Items on Sheet1, — PivotTable functionality

Web-

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Microsoft FrontPage Commands and Options PivotTable List , , , .

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WebMicrosoft Office Web Components , PivotTable List. ChartSpace, Microsoft Office Web Components. Web, FrontPage Insert | Web component Office Chart Spreadsheets and Charts.

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. 12. Web-

PivotTable List ChartSpace Microsoft Internet Explorer OLAPChartSpace. Data Details

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. 13.

ChartSpace

,

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. Excel. PivotTable List,

. , . ActiveX C++, Borland Delphi, Borland C++Builder).

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PivotTable List ChartSpace , , Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual

Ч

8.

MDX

MDX MDX MDX Sample Application MDX OLAPPivotTable List. , Microsoft Office Web Components OLAP,

ActiveX , . .

(

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MDX .

,

MDX

Services, Э ,

MDX SQL,

MDX

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis OLE DB for OLAP , , (OLE DB), OLAP. SQL. SQL . , , . Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services.

MDX MDX Sample Application MDX MDX Sample Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services. Connect, ( Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services) — MSOLAP.

Application, ,

O . Connect

— File.

Cancel

MDX.

,

.

MDX Sample

Application

.

Cube . MDX Sample Application

.

MDXQuery),

( .

,

MDXQuery.mdx,

MDXSample. File. MDX-

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. Syntax Examples. , .

: • • •

Run F5; Run Query

Query; . ,

View | Results, , MDX-

.

MDX Sample Application .

MDX. Э . FoodMart,

Microsoft

SQL Server Analysis Services.

MDX MDX

,

: SELECT [ [, ...]] FROM [] [WHERE []]

: • • •

axis_specification — cube_specification — slicer_specification — MDX

; ; . SELECT .

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:

SELECT FROM Sales

(Unit Sales)

.

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:

SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS FROM SALES

SELECT• • • •

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SELECT { [Measures].[Unit Sales], [Measures].[Store Sales] } ON COLUMNS, { [Time].[1997], [Time].[1998] } ON ROWS FROM Sales WHERE ( [Store].[USA].[CA] )

SELECT ,

. —

:

—

:

{ [Measures].[Unit Sales], [Measures].[Store Sales] } ON COLUMNS, { [Time].[1997], [Time].[1998] } ON ROWS

FROM .

, —

Sales.

WHERE

, Store. . :

SELECT[Product].[Product Category].Members ON COLUMNS FROM Sales

(1997): SELECT[Product].[Product Category].Members ON COLUMNS, {[Time].[1997]} ON ROWS FROM Sales

: SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Time].[Quarter].Members} ON ROWS FROM Sales

: SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Time].[1997].[Q1]} ON ROWS FROM Sales

: SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Time].[1997].[Q1].[1]} ON ROWS FROM Sales

: SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Customers].[All Customers].[USA]} ON ROWS FROM Sales

:

.

SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Customers].[All Customers].[USA].[CA]} ON ROWS FROM Sales

: SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Product].[Product Family].Members} ON ROWS FROM Sales WHERE [Customers].[All Customers].[USA].[CA]

1997 : SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Product].[Product Family].Members} ON ROWS FROM Sales WHERE ([Customers].[All Customers].[USA].[CA], [Time].[1997].[Q1])

1997 SELECT {([Measures].[Unit Sales])} ON COLUMNS, {[Product].[Product Department].[Seafood]} ON ROWS FROM Sales WHERE ([Customers].[All Customers].[USA].[CA], [Time].[1997].[Q1])

MDX ,

MDX,

,

.

Array Functions SetToArray Dimension, Hierarchy and Level Functions Dimension

Dimensions

Hierarchy

Level

Levels

IsAncestor

IsEmpty

IsGeneration

IsLeaf

Ancestor

ClosingPeriod

Cousin

CurrentMember

DataMember

DefaultMember

FirstChild

FirstSibling

Ignore

Item

Lag

LastChild

LastSibling

Lead

LinkMember

Members

NextMember

OpeningPeriod

ParallelPeriod

Parent

PrevMember

StrToMember

ValidMeasure

Aggregate

Avg

CalculationCurrentPass CalculationPassValue

CoalesceEmpty

Correlation

Count

Covariance

CovarianceN

DistinctCount

IIf

LinRegIntercept

LinRegPoint

LinRegR2

LinRegSlope

LinRegVariance

LookupCube

Max

Median

Min

Ordinal

Predict

Rank

RollupChildren

Stddev

StddevP

Stdev

StdevP

StrToValue

Sum

Logical Functions Is IsSibling Member Functions

Numeric Functions

:

Value

Var

Variance

VarianceP

VarP

AddCalculatedMembers AllMembers

Ancestors

Ascendants

Axis

BottomCount

BottomPercent

BottomSum

Children

Crossjoin

Descendants

Distinct

DrilldownLevel

DrilldownLevelBottom DrillDownLevelTop

DrilldownMember

DrilldownMemberBottom DrilldownMemberTop DrillupLevel

DrillupMember

Except

Extract

Filter

Generate

Head

Hierarchize

Intersect

LastPeriods

Members

Mtd

NameToSet

NonEmptyCrossjoin

Order

PeriodToDate

Qtd

Siblings

StripCalculatedMembers StrToSet

Subset

Tail

ToggleDrillState

TopCount

TopPercent

TopSum

Union

VisualTotals

Wtd

Ytd

CalculationPassValue

CoalesceEmpty

Generate

IIf

LookupCube

MemberToStr

Name

Properties

SetToStr

TupleToStr

UniqueName

UserName

Set Functions

String Functions

Tuple Functions Current

Item

StrToTuple

Other Functions Call

,

MDX ,

.

MDX (User Defined Functions, UDF), COM DLL.

Server Books Online,

, ,

,

—

«

Microsoft SQL MDX».

Ч

9.

OLAPADOMD

ADO

ADO OLAPMDXADO MD OLAPMDXOLAPVisual Basic for Applications Visual Studio .Net Delphi C++Builder № 11’2001),

( «

MDX»,

, MDX (Multidimensional

OLAPExpressions).

, ,

OLAP6.

,

.

OLAP-

OLAPMicrosoft SQL Server 2000 ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) OLEDB— Microsoft OLE DB Provider for OLAP ADO MD (ADO Multidimensional) — , , ADO, ADO MD.

Analysis Services. Services 8.0. MDX-

Visual Basic .

.

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SQL

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, ADO Connection,

,— . Э

ADO Recordset,

Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Microsoft OLE DB Provider for OLAP Services 8.0).

OpenSchema

— QueryType, Criteria .

SchemaID, QueryType,

, adSchemaCubes, adSchemaDimensions, adSchemaLevels, adSchemaMembers ADO Recordset , .

6.

adSchemaMeasures, , ,

Visual Basic QueryType

, OpenSchema:

Public ads As Integer

MSHFlexGrid , . Cubes, Dimensions, Levels, Members

OpenSchema, ComboBox, Measures

Click,

List :

Private Sub Combo1_Click() Select Case Combo1.ListIndex Case 0 ads = adSchemaCubes Case 1 ads = adSchemaDimensions Case 2 ads = adSchemaLevels Case 3 ads = adSchemaMembers Case 4 ads = adSchemaMeasures End Select Command1.Enabled = True End Sub

Click

:

Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim RS As New ADODB.Recordset Dim Cnn As New ADODB.Connection Cnn.ConnectionString = "Provider=MSOLAP.2;" & _ "Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Data Source=MAINDESK;" & _ "Initial Catalog=NorthWind_OLAP" Cnn.Open Set RS = CNN.OpenSchema(ads) Set MSHFlexGrid1.Recordset = RS Set CNN = Nothing Set RS = Nothing End Sub

OpenSchema QueryType,

, MSHFlexGrid1 (

. 1).

Connection c ,

. 1.

OpenSchema

ADO

Connection , ADO OpenSchema. .

В

Click

,

MDX.

,

MDXMDXTextBox :

, MDX-

.

Private Sub Command2_Click() Dim RS As New ADODB.Recordset Dim Cnn As New ADODB.Connection On Error GoTo Err1 Cnn.ConnectionString = "Provider=MSOLAP.2;" & _ "Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Data Source=MAINDESK;" & _ "Initial Catalog=NorthWind_OLAP" Cnn.Open Set Rs = Cnn.Execute(Text1.Text) Set MSHFlexGrid1.Recordset = Rs Set Cnn = Nothing Set Rs = Nothing Exit Sub Err1: MsgBox ("Н ") End Sub

Execute ADO Connection.

. 2.

. 2.

MDX-

Execute

ADO

Connection ,

Execute

ADO Connection , . ,

MDX, :

SELECT measures.members ON columns, product.children ON rows, shipper.children ON pages FROM sales

,

ADO

Recordset, ( . 3).

. 3.

MDX-

, OLAP-

Microsoft Excel ConnectionString Connecton

,

*.cub. :

Cnn.ConnectionString = ”Provider=MSOLAP.2;Data Source=C:\Data\Cubes\NW1.cub”

, . ,—

OLAP, ADO MD.

— OLAP.

ADO MD

OLAP-

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,

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.

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.

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ADO MD , , .

,

Catalog, ,

CubeDef Dimension. ,

CubeDefs. CubeDef. Dimensions, , Name.

Dimension,

Dimension

Hierarchies, Hierarchy. Hierarchy

,

Levels, ,

Level. Level

.

Catalog CubeDef, Name

—

Members,

Member.

Ч Visual Basic 6,

, ADO MD.

TreeView

, TreeView

: —

Click (

.

1 Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim Nod, Nod1 As Node, i, j, k, l As Integer Dim Cat As New ADOMD.Catalog Dim Cnn As New ADODB.Connection

, 1).

Cnn.ConnectionString = "Provider=MSOLAP.2;Persist Security Info=True;”_ +”User ID=sa;Data Source=MAINDESK;Initial Catalog=NorthWind_OLAP" Cnn.Open Set Cat.ActiveConnection = Cnn If Cat.CubeDefs.Count > 0 Then Set Nod = TreeView1.Nodes.Add(, , "Catalog", "Catalog") For i = 0 To Cat.CubeDefs.Count - 1 Set Nod1 = TreeView1.Nodes.Add("Catalog", tvwChild, _ Cat.CubeDefs(i).Name, Cat.CubeDefs(i).Name) For j = 0 To Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions.Count - 1 Set Nod1 = TreeView1.Nodes.Add(Cat.CubeDefs(i).Name, tvwChild, _ Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).UniqueName, _ Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).UniqueName) For k = 0 To (Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).Hierarchies.Count - 1) For l = 0 To _ (Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).Hierarchies(k).Levels.Count - 1) Set Nod1 = _ TreeView1.Nodes.Add(Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).UniqueName,_ tvwChild, _ Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).Hierarchies(k).Levels(l).UniqueName,_ Cat.CubeDefs(i).Dimensions(j).Hierarchies(k).Levels(l).UniqueName) Next l Next k Next j Next i Command1.Enabled = False End If End Sub

. 5.

. 5.

ADO MD —

ADO MD.

MDX-

В

MDXADO MD

Э

MDXCells,

, CellSet

.

Axes,

.

CellSet.

Axis ( ). Position, Members,

Positions, Position

Cell,

Axis

. MDX. TextBox

, Click

(

.

2).

2 Private Sub Command2_Click() Dim Cst As New ADOMD.Cellset Dim Cnn As New ADODB.Connection Cnn.ConnectionString = "Provider=MSOLAP.2;Persist Security Info=True;”_ +”User ID=sa;Data Source=MAINDESK;Initial Catalog=NorthWind_OLAP" Cnn.Open Text2.Text = vbTab & vbTab Set cst.ActiveConnection = cnn cst.Source = Text1.Text On Error GoTo Err cst.Open For i = 0 To cst.Axes(0).Positions.Count - 1 Text2.Text = Text2.Text & cst.Axes(0).Positions(i).Members(0).Caption_ & vbTab Next i Text2.Text = Text2.Text & vbCrLf & vbCrLf For j = 0 To cst.Axes(1).Positions.Count - 1 Text2.Text = Text2.Text & cst.Axes(1).Positions(j).Members(0).Caption_ & vbTab For k = 0 To cst.Axes(0).Positions.Count - 1 Text2.Text = Text2.Text & vbTab & cst(k, j).FormattedValue Next k Text2.Text = Text2.Text & vbCrLf Next j Exit Sub Err: MsgBox ("Invalid Query") End Sub

CellSet MDX-

,

CellSet Text2.

. 6.

Open.

. 6.

MDX-

ADO MD

:

,

Cellset

. , OLAP-

.

OLAPVisual Basic for Applications , Access TextBox —

ADO,

Access VBA, (

Access

,

,

RichEdit Control). MS Office,

, :

Dim cnnConn, rs As Object Set cnnConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") Cnn.ConnectionString = "Provider=MSOLAP.2;Persist Security Info=True;”_ +”User ID=sa;Data Source=MAINDESK;Initial Catalog=NorthWind_OLAP" Source=e:\old_data\d\whistler\sales.cub" cnnConn.Open Set rs = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") Set rs = cnnConn.OpenSchema(ads)

,

ADO MD, .

VBA

Visual Studio .Net Visual Studio .Net

COM

ADO,

, Basic .Net,

ADO,

Visual

ADO MD, .

ADO .Net, ADO.Net,

,

GetOleDbSchemaTable, Visual Studio .Net Beta 2

OpenSchema, ,

,

.

MDX, OleDbConnection OleDbCommand. ADO .Net,

Delphi

, .

C++Builder ,

,

Enterprise

5. OpenSchema

TADOConnection:

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var SI : TSchemaInfo; I : Integer; begin case ComboBox1.ItemIndex of 0: SI := siCubes; 1: SI := siDimensions; 2: SI := siHierarchies; 3: SI := siLevels; 4: SI := siMeasures; 5: SI := siProperties; 6: SI := siMembers; end; ADOConnection1.OpenSchema(SI,EmptyParam, EmptyParam,ADODataSet1); ADODataSet1.Open; end;

Open TADODataSet: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var i:integer; begin If Memo1.Lines.Count > 0 Then try With ADOQuery1 do begin Close; SQL := Memo1.Lines; Open; end; except ShowMessage('Invalid MDX query'); end; end;

OLAPCOM-

ADO MD , 3.0.

Ч

10

PivotTable Service OLAP-

Microsoft PivotTable Service DDL DML CREATE CUBE INSERT INTO Source_DSN, Data Source Provider OLAP, PivotTable Service OLAPVisual Basic 6 . OLAPMicrosoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services: , ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) Microsoft OLE DB Provider for OLAP , ADO MD (ADO Multidimensional).

Services 8.0, ,

OLAPExcel

PivotTable List .

ChartSpace ( № 9, 10’2001).

; ,

,

,

Microsoft Office , , Microsoft Office

Excel, — OLAP-

OLAP-

. Э

OLAP.

Office Web Components .

—

. Microsoft PivotTable Service, Decision Support Objects.

,

OLAP—

OLAP-

Microsoft PivotTable Service Microsoft PivotTable Service OLE DB for OLAP,

OLE DBAnalysis Services

PivotTable Service .Э , Service SQL, SQL — DDL (Data Definition Language) OLAP-

OLAP-

, Analysis Services, . , , OLAP-

PivotTable

Multidimensional

Expressions

. (MDX)

DML (Data Manipulation Language), . .

PivotTable Service OLAPAnalysis Services,

, ,

,

,

. TCP/IP

Analysis Services

, HTTP.

Microsoft PivotTable Service Microsoft PivotTable Service Services. ,

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis , Microsoft Office ( , Microsoft Excel), Analysis Services, Microsoft Excel .

. PivotTable Service

Microsoft PivotTable Service COMBorland Delphi, Borland C++Builder.

DDL

,

, Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual C++,

DML

Microsoft PivotTable Service, , . , PivotTable Service CreateCube, , ( Service InsertInto, INSERT INTO), .

CREATE CUBE Э

DDL, .

SQL Server Books Online, : CREATE CUBE ( DIMENSION [TYPE ] LEVEL [TYPE ], [LEVEL [TYPE ]…], [[DIMENSION [TYPE ] LEVEL [TYPE ,

OLAPDDL

DML ( CREATE CUBE), PivotTable ,

[LEVEL >[TYPE …],…], MEASURE FUNCTION , [MEASURE FUNCTION ,…] )

,

NorthWind, Microsoft SQL Server,

CREATE CUBE: CREATE CUBE Sales( DIMENSION [Country], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Country], LEVEL [City], LEVEL [CustomerID], DIMENSION [Salesperson], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Salesperson], DIMENSION [ShipperName], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [ShipperName], DIMENSION [CategoryName],LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [CategoryName], LEVEL [ProductName], DIMENSION [OrderDate] TYPE TIME, LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Year] TYPE YEAR, LEVEL [Quarter] TYPE QUARTER, LEVEL [Month] TYPE MONTH, LEVEL [Day] TYPE DAY, MEASURE [Sum Of ExtendedPrice] FUNCTION SUM, MEASURE [Sum Of Quantity] FUNCTION SUM

INSERT INTO Э

DML, .

SQL Server Books Online.

:

InsertInto=INSERT INTO ( ., [.,…] , [,… ] ) OPTIONS SELECT FROM

WHERE

,

, :

InsertInto=INSERT INTO Sales [Country].[Country], [City], [CustomerID], [Sum Of ExtendedPrice], [Sum Of Quantity], [ShipperName].[ShipperName], [Salesperson].[Salesperson], [CategoryName].[CategoryName], [ProductName], [OrderDate]) OPTIONS ATTEMPT_ANALYSIS SELECT Invoices.Country, Invoices.City, Invoices.CustomerID, Invoices.ExtendedPrice, Invoices.Quantity, Invoices.ShipperName, Invoices.Salesperson, Categories.CategoryName, Products.ProductName, Invoices.OrderDate FROM Northwind.dbo.Categories Categories, Northwind.dbo.Invoices Invoices, Northwind.dbo.Products Products WHERE Categories.CategoryID = Products.CategoryID AND Invoices.ProductID = Products.ProductID

,

OPTIONS ,

(

ROLAP-

MOLAP-

, ,

).

.

Source_DSN, Data Source Э

Provider

OLEDB-

, OLEDB-

. Source_DSN

Northwind ,

,

:

SOURCE_DSN="DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=MAINDESK;UID=sa;DATABASE=Northwind"

C

Data Source

:

DATA SOURCE=d:\nw.cub

C

Provider

:

Provider = MSOLAP.2

,

, .

Microsoft SQL

Server Books Online.

OLAP-

Л

OLAP-

,

. , 1 Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim cnCube As ADODB.Connection Dim s As String Dim Prov As String Dim DS As String Dim SourceDSN As String Dim SourceDSNSuffix As String Dim CreateCube As String

PivotTable Service , Visual Basic 6. ( 1).

Dim InsertInto As String Dim Sel As String Prov = "PROVIDER=MSOLAP" DS = "DATA SOURCE=d:\nw.cub" SourceDSN = "SOURCE_DSN=""DRIVER=SQL Server;SERVER=MAINDESK;UID=sa;DATABASE=Northwind""" CreateCube = "CREATECUBE=CREATE CUBE Sales( " CreateCube = CreateCube & " DIMENSION [Country], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Country], LEVEL [City], LEVEL [CustomerID]," CreateCube = CreateCube & " DIMENSION [Salesperson], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Salesperson]," CreateCube = CreateCube & " DIMENSION [ShipperName], LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [ShipperName]," CreateCube = CreateCube & " DIMENSION [CategoryName],LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [CategoryName], LEVEL [ProductName]," CreateCube = CreateCube & " DIMENSION [OrderDate] TYPE TIME, LEVEL [All] TYPE ALL, LEVEL [Year] TYPE YEAR, LEVEL [Quarter] TYPE QUARTER, LEVEL [Month] TYPE MONTH, LEVEL [Day] TYPE DAY," CreateCube = CreateCube & " MEASURE [Sum Of ExtendedPrice] FUNCTION SUM, MEASURE [Sum Of Quantity] FUNCTION SUM )" InsertInto = InsertInto & "InsertInto=INSERT INTO Sales (" InsertInto = InsertInto & "[Country].[Country], [City], [CustomerID], [Sum Of ExtendedPrice], [Sum Of Quantity], [ShipperName].[ShipperName], [Salesperson].[Salesperson]," InsertInto = InsertInto & "[CategoryName].[CategoryName], [ProductName], [OrderDate]) OPTIONS ATTEMPT_ANALYSIS " Sel = " SELECT Invoices.Country, Invoices.City, Invoices.CustomerID, Invoices.ExtendedPrice, Invoices.Quantity, Invoices.ShipperName," Sel = Sel + "Invoices.Salesperson, Categories.CategoryName, Products.ProductName, Invoices.OrderDate " Sel = Sel + "FROM Northwind.dbo.Categories Categories, Northwind.dbo.Invoices Invoices, Northwind.dbo.Products Products " Sel = Sel + "WHERE Categories.CategoryID = Products.CategoryID AND Invoices.ProductID = Products.ProductID" InsertInto = InsertInto & Sel Set cnCube = New ADODB.Connection s = Prov & ";" & DS & ";" & SourceDSN & ";" & CreateCube & ";" & InsertInto & ";" cnCube.Open s End Sub

, ADO

Connection, ConnectionString PivotTable Service, , , Windows Explorer

.

Microsoft Excel,

Excel. ,

, Borland Delphi.

,

PivotTable Service

, PivotTable Service ;

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 :

• •

Ptslite.exe — Ptsfull.exe — Access Components.

PivotTable Service; PivotTable Service Microsoft Data

\Msolap\Install\Pts , Service,

OLAPPivotTable Service .

SQL Server 2000. Microsoft PivotTable ,

Ч

11

SQL DSO OLAPSQL DSO

,

SQL DSO (

OLAPPivotTable Service, . ,

№ 1’2002) Microsoft PivotTable Service. ,

, ,

PivotTable Service, ,

,

.Э

OLAP-

. SQL DSO (Decision Support Objects) — COM-

Analysis Services. Э Analysis Manager.

В

SQL DSO SQL DSO

COM, Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services. , , ,

. DSO

, . ,

Analysis Manager (

. 1.

SQL DSO (

)

. 1).

Analysis Services. , , ,

SQL DSO ,

,

DSO.Server, Databases — ,

.

,

, ,

DSO

,

(

DSO.Cubes)

.

DSO.Database)

OLAP, .

MDStores,

( ,

SQL DSO ( Microsoft SQL Server Books On-Line), , Borland Delphi —

. Visual Basic

SQL DSO, msmddo80.dll,

.

,

SQL DSO Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Dso. Visual Basic Microsoft Decision Support Objects ( , , ), Delphi . — SQL DSO Delphi , , , OLEView ( . 2) — Delphi , , .

. 2.

SQL DSO

OLEView

—

.

, ,

Analysis Manager, — SQL DSO.

,

OLAP,

, .

,

,

— .

,

,

,

:

const // ProcessFull = 1; // olapLockProcess = 4; Srv,dsoDB,dsoCube,dsoDim: variant; I : Integer; OldCursor : TCursor; dimName : String;

var

begin Srv := CreateOleObject('DSO.Server'); // Srv.Connect(Edit1.Text); // dsoDB := srv.MDStores.Item(Edit2.Text); // dsoCube := dsoDB.Cubes.Item(Edit3.Text); OldCursor := Form1.Cursor; Form1.Cursor := crHourGlass; // dsoCube.Process (ProcessFull); // dsoCube.UnlockObject; Form1.Cursor := OldCursor; // dsoCube := Unassigned; dsoDb := Unassigned; Srv := Unassigned; end;

. ,

, . OLAP-

,

,

,

. ,

.

,

-

,

,

, . ,

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); const // ProcessFull = 1; // olapLockProcess = 4; var Srv,dsoDB,dsoCube,dsoDim: variant; I : Integer; OldCursor : TCursor; dimName : String; begin Srv := CreateOleObject('DSO.Server'); // Srv.Connect(Edit1.Text); //

:

,

dsoDB := srv.MDStores.Item(Edit2.Text); // dsoCube := dsoDB.Cubes.Item(Edit3.Text); OldCursor := Form1.Cursor; Form1.Cursor := crHourGlass; for I := 1 to dsoCube.Dimensions.Count do begin dsoDim := dsoCube.Dimensions.Item(I); dimName := dsoCube.Dimensions.Item(I).Name; // , , if dsoDim.IsShared then begin // dsoDB.Dimensions.Item(dimName).LockObject(olapLockProcess,'Dimension is processed'); // dsoDB.Dimensions.Item(dimName).Process(ProcessFull); // dsoDB.Dimensions.Item(dimName).UnlockObject; end; end; // dsoCube.LockObject(olapLockProcess,'Cube is processed'); // dsoCube.Process (ProcessFull); // dsoCube.UnlockObject; Form1.Cursor := OldCursor; // dsoCube := Unassigned; dsoDb := Unassigned; Srv := Unassigned; end;

, .

— ,

,

, MDStores

DSO Server,

,

AddNew

:

Var dsoServer, dsoDB: Variant ; DbName: string; ... InputQuery('New Database','Input Database Name',dbname); DsoDB := dsoServer.MDStores.AddNew(dbName);

Remove Server: dsoServer.MDStores.Remove(dbName);

MDStores

.

— ,

.

Analysis Services

ADO. ADO Connection String. Add

DataSources

Database:

var CS,DSname, DBname: string; DS, dsoDB: variant; ... dsoDB := dsoServer.MDStores.Item(DBname); // C ADO Connection string CS := PromptDataSource(Form1.Handle, ''); InputQuery('New Datasource','Input Datasource Name',DSname); // DataSource DS := CreateOleObject('DSO.DataSource'); // DS.Name := DSname; // ConnectionString DS.ConnectionString := CS; // dsoDB.DataSources.Add(DS);

:

DataSource ConnectionString.

Database,

DataSources

Remove DataSources

DSO Database.

dsoDB.DataSources.Remove(DS);

DSO DataSource.

IsConnected True.

, ,

True

False

.

DSO

(

,

).

SQL DSO

, . Database. Dimensions

Dimensions Add ,

,

,

, TableListBox, DataSources: Var dimName : string; DsoDim : Variant;

Database. ,

,

,

I-

I : Integer; ... DS := CreateOleObject('DSO.DataSource'); ... dsoDim := CreateOleObject('DSO.Dimension'); dimName := InputBox('New Shared Dimension','Input Dimension Name','Dimension1'); dsoDim.Name := dimName; // DataSource dsoDim.DataSource := dsoDB.DataSources.Item(I+1); // dsoDim.FromClause := TableListBox.Items[TableListBox.ItemIndex]; // JoinClause dsoDim.JoinClause:= InputBox('Join clause','Input Join clause',''); // dsoDB.Dimensions.AddNew(dimname);

, Dimension: DataSource —

DataSources

FromClause —

Database;

;

JoinClause —

,

, .

,

.

:

. = .

, , OLE DB-

JoinClause INNER JOIN

SQL,

. ,

,

. . Dimension AddNew FieldListBox

Levels. .

, :

dsoLev := dsoDim.Levels.AddNew(FieldListBox. Items[FieldListBox.ItemIndex]); dsoLev.MemberKeyColumn := TableListBox.Items[TableListBox.ItemIndex]+’.’+ // , // FieldListBox.Items[FieldListBox.ItemIndex]; dsoLev.ColumnSize := 255; dsoLev.ColumnType := adWChar; dsoLev.EstimatedSize := 1;

adW har

ADODB_TLB.pas,

,

msado15.dll. Level:

• • •

MemberKeyColumn — ; ColumnSize ColumnType — EstimatedSize — , .

, ; DSO

,

, JoinClause

Level

,

Dimension. , : DsoDim.Process;

( , Dimension .

Update Process

) ,

OLAPAdd

Cubes

—

,

Database:

dsoDB.Cubes.AddNew(cubename); , , Cube

Dimensions

AddNew :

Var dsoCube: Variant; NewCube.Dimensions.AddNew(SharedDimListBox. Items[SharedDimListBox.ItemIndex]);

. Dimensions Cube.

, Dimension —

Database,

, Measures

Dimensions

. Cube:

NewMeasure:=CreateOleObject(‘DSO.Measure’); NewMeasure.SourceColumn := FieldListBox.Items[FieldListBox.ItemIndex]; Mname := InputBox(‘New Measure’, ’Input Measure Name’,NewMeasure.SourceColumn); NewMeasure.Name := Mname; dsoCube.Measures.AddNew(Mname);

,

Measure. Э

SourceColumn ,

.

, Process

Cube.

,

, , . ( Update

Process

,

)

Cube

,

—

.

,

SQL DSO

DSO

.

: • • • • •

Msmddo80.dll — Msmdso.rll — Msmdnet.dll — Msmdlock.dll — Msmddo.dll — OLAP Services. ,

DSO; DSO; Analysis Services; Analysis Services; ,

Microsoft SQL Server version 7.0

Msmdso.rll,

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\DSO

Regsvr32. ,

:

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SharedDLLs

DSO

Microsoft Data Access Components PivotTable Services. Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services \Msolap\Install\Pts . , Ptslite.exe, PivotTable Service, , Ptsfull.exe, — PivotTable Service Microsoft Data Access Components.