Netter's surgical anatomy and approaches 9781437708332, 1437708331

Table of contents :
Front cover
Inside front cover
Marking page 1
Marking page 2
Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches
Copyright page
Dedication
About the Artists
Frank H. Netter, MD
Carlos Machado, MD
Preface
Video Contents
Contributors
Table of Contents
1 The Neck
1 Selective (Supraomohyoid) Neck Dissection, Levels I-III
Introduction
Neck Anatomy for Surgical Planning
Incision Planning and Patient Positioning for Neck Dissection
Raising the Subplatysmal Flap
Level Ia-Ib Neck Dissection
Level II-III Neck Dissection
Suggested Readings
2 Tracheotomy and Cricothyrotomy
Introduction
Indications and Principles of Tracheotomy
Preoperative Considerations
Surgical Anatomy and Tracheotomy Procedure
External Anatomy
Strap Muscles and Midline Raphe
Thyroid Isthmus
Anatomy with Trachea Visualized
Anatomy with Tracheotomy Tube in Place
Summary
Suggested Readings
2 Endocrine
3 Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
Thyroidectomy
Surgical Anatomy for Thyroidectomy
Anatomy for Exposing the Thyroid Gland
Anatomy for Mobilization of the Thyroid Lobe
Anatomy of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Anatomy for Ligation of the Inferior Thyroid Artery and Preservation of the Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroidectomy
Photographs
Anatomy and Embryology of Parathyroid Glands
Suggested Readings
4 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Surgical Technique
Right Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Left Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Suggested Readings
3 Upper Gastrointestinal
5 Esophagectomy
Introduction
Indications
Surgical Approaches
Transhiatal Esophagectomy
Ivor Lewis and McKEOWN Approaches
Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy
Modified McKeown (Three-Hole) Esophagectomy
Suggested Readings
6 Nissen Fundoplication
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Preoperative Studies
Anatomy for Esophageal Mobilization
Diaphragmatic Crura (Superior and Inferior Views)
Phrenoesophageal Ligament
Anatomy for Gastric Mobilization
Short Gastric Vessels
Dissection of the Left Pillar and Mobilization of Retroesophageal Space
Anatomy for Crural Closure and 360-Degree Fundoplication
Crural Closure
Identification of Posterior Gastric Fundus
Fundoplication Created around Esophagus
Suggested Readings
7 Truncal and Highly Selective Vagotomy
Introduction
Clinical Indications
Surgical Decision Making
Innervation of Stomach
Truncal Vagotomy
Highly Selective Vagotomy
Suggested Readings
8 Gastrectomy
Introduction
Principles of Gastric Cancer Treatment
Surgical Approach for Gastrectomy
Suggested Readings
9 Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty and Duodenotomy for Bleeding Ulcer
Introduction
Principles of Treatment
Surgical Approach
Suggested Readings
10 Pyloromyotomy for Pyloric Stenosis
Introduction
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Pyloric Stenosis
Preoperative Imaging of Pyloric Stenosis
Principles of Pyloromyotomy
Open Surgical Approach
Laparoscopic Approach
Suggested Readings
11 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Introduction
Surgical Criteria
Surgical Anatomy
Suggested Readings
4 Hepatobiliary
12 Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy
Introduction
Gallbladder Anatomy
Symptomatic Gallstones: Clinical Manifestations
Laparoscopic Approach
Positioning and Trocar Placement
The Critical View
Intraoperative Ultrasound and Cholangiography
Gallbladder Removal and Extraction
Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy
Special Circumstances
Suggested Readings
13 Common Bile Duct Surgery and Choledochoduodenostomy
Introduction
Cystic Duct Anatomy and Variants
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration
Transcystic Approach
Transductal/Choledochotomy Approach
Open Common Duct Exploration
Choledochoduodenostomy
Suggested Readings
14 Hepatectomy
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Right Hepatic Lobectomy
Left Hepatic Lobectomy
Suggested Readings
15 Distal Pancreatectomy
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Surgical Approach
Open Retrograde Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy
Division of Splenic Artery and Vein
Division of Pancreas
Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreaticosplenectomy
Division of Neck of Pancreas
Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenic Preservation
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy
Trocar Placement for Laparoscopic Approach
Laparoscopic Mobilization and Dissection
Suggested Readings
16 Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Introduction
Principles of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Surgical Approach
Suggested Readings
17 Splenectomy
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Laparoscopic Surgical Technique
Hand-Assisted or Open Approach
Suggested Readings
18 Organ Transplantation
Introduction
Abdominal Organ Donation
Abdominal Surgical Approach
Kidney Transplantation
Kidney Surgical Approach
Pancreas Transplantation
Pancreas Surgical Approach
Liver Transplantation
Liver Surgical Approach
Suggested Readings
5 Lower Gastrointestinal
19 Appendectomy
Introduction
Anatomic Principles of Diagnosis and Evaluation
Surgical Principles
Exposure
Operative Anatomy
Surgical Technique
Laparoscopic Approach
Open Technique
Suggested Readings
20 Abdominal Wall Anatomy and Ostomy Sites
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Abdominal Wall Anatomy
Preoperative Imaging
External Landmarks
Creating the Trephine
End Ostomy
Elevating the Bowel
Maturing the Ostomy
Loop Ostomy
Elevating the Bowel
Maturing the Ostomy
Suggested Readings
21 Right Colectomy
Introduction
Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks
Anatomic Approach to Right Colectomy
Medial to Lateral
Identification of Ileocolic Vessels
Transection of Ileocolic Vessels
Variation in Arteries of Right Colon
Middle Colic Vessels
Omentum and Lesser Sac
Inferior Dissection
Anastomosis
Suggested Readings
22 Left Colectomy
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging
Surface Anatomy, Incision, and Port Placement
Vascular Anatomy
Splenic Flexure
Sigmoid and Descending Colon
Upper Mesorectal Mobilization, Transection, and Anastomosis
Suggested Readings
23 Transverse Colectomy
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Anatomy for Transverse Colectomy
Hepatic Flexure
Splenic Flexure
Relationships of Greater Omentum to Transverse Colon and Stomach
Middle Colic Artery and Vein
Completion of Transverse Colectomy
Suggested Readings
24 Low Anterior Resection with Total Mesorectal Excision and Anastomosis
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging
Anatomy for Colonic Mobilization and Dissection
Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Anterior View
Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Medial Oblique View
Splenic Flexure
Anatomy for Rectal Mobilization and Dissection
Upper Mesorectum: Posterior Mesorectal Anatomy
Lower Mesorectum: Anterior Mesorectal Anatomy
Rectal Transection from Above
Rectal Transection from Below
Suggested Reading
25 Abdominoperineal Resection
Introduction
Principles of Preoperative Evaluation
Anatomic Approach to Left Colon Mobilization
Approach for Rectal Dissection
Suggested Readings
26 Hemorrhoids and Hemorrhoidectomy
Introduction
Anatomy of Hemorrhoids
Office Procedures
Operative Hemorrhoidectomy
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy
Strangulated Hemorrhoids
Suggested Readings
27 Perirectal Abscess and Fistula in Ano
Introduction
Perirectal Abscess
Anatomic Description
Surgical Management of Anorectal Abscess
Specific Abscesses
Abscess with Fistula
Deep Postanal Space
Fistula in Ano
Anatomic Description
Types of Fistula
Preoperative Imaging and Patient Positioning
Surgical Management of Anorectal Fistula
Crohn-Related Abscess and Fistula
Suggested Readings
6 Hernia
28 Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
Introduction
Terminology
Surgical Approach
Tension-Free Repair
Primary Tissue Repair
Summary
Suggested Readings
29 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair
Introduction
Laparoscopic Approaches
Key Anatomic Concepts for Laparoscopic Repair
Myopectineal Orifice
Inguinal Ligament versus Ileopubic Tract
Pectineal Ligament
Inguinal Geometry
Principles of Laparoscopic Repair
Transabdominal Preperitoneal Approach
Totally Extraperitoneal Approach
Suggested Readings
30 Femoral Hernia Repair
Introduction
Anatomy
Clinical Presentation
Imaging
Open Surgical Repair
Laparoscopic Surgical Repair
Suggested Readings
31 Open Ventral Hernia Repair
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Preoperative Imaging
Anatomy of Abdominal Wall
Surgical Technique
Creation of Retrorectus Space
Exposure of Cooper’s Ligament and Pelvis
Lateral Dissection in Preperitoneal Plane
Posterior Layer Reconstruction
Mesh Deployment
Reconstruction of Linea Alba
Suggested Readings
7 Vascular
32 Exposure of the Carotid Bifurcation
Introduction
Carotid Endarterectomy
Surgical Principles
Anatomic Landmarks
Arterial Dissection
Carotid Bifurcation
Arteriotomy and Closure
Suggested Readings
33 Aortic Exposure from the Midline Abdomen
Introduction
Surgical Planning
Incisional Anatomy
Iliac Exposure
Lateral Approach
Aortic Dissection
Renal Vasculature
Special Concerns
Aortobifemoral Bypass
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Suggested Readings
34 Exposure of the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Celiac Axis
Introduction
Clinical Presentation
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Planning
Anterior Transperitoneal Exposure
Retroperitoneal Exposure
Suggested Readings
35 Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Technical Considerations
Preoperative Vessel Mapping by Duplex Ultrasound
Arteriovenous Fistulas
Radiocephalic Fistula
Brachiocephalic Fistula
Brachiobasilic Fistula
Prosthetic Arteriovenous Graft
Forearm Looped Graft
Brachioaxillary Graft
Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb
Suggested Readings
36 Saphenofemoral Exposure
Introduction
Femoral Anatomy
Exposure of Femoral Artery
Saphenofemoral Anatomy
Exposure of Saphenofemoral Junction
Suggested Readings
37 Exposure of the Common Femoral Artery and Vein
Introduction
Femoral Anatomy
Surgical Principles
Incisions and Closure
Nerve and Venous Injury
Major Arterial Branches
Avoiding the Common Femoral Artery
Suggested Readings
38 Exposure of the Popliteal Artery and Vein
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Medial Suprageniculate Approach
Medial Infrageniculate Approach
Posterior Approach
Suggested Readings
39 Above-Knee and Below-Knee Amputation
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Surgical Principles
Below-Knee Amputation
Above-Knee Amputation
Postoperative Care
Suggested Readings
8 Vascular Access and Emergency Procedures
40 Central Line Anatomy
Introduction
Common Details for Venous Catheterization
Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization
Subclavian Vein Catheterization
Femoral Vein Catheterization
Complications
Suggested Readings
41 Arterial Line Anatomy
Introduction
Radial Artery
Axillary Artery
Brachial Artery
Femoral and Dorsalis Pedis Arteries
Suggested Readings
42 Leg and Forearm Fasciotomy
Introduction
Leg Fasciotomy
Etiology of Compartment Syndrome
Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making
Surgical Principles
Surgical Anatomy and Technique
Forearm Fascotomy
Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making
Surgical Principles
Surgical Anatomy and Technique
Closure
Suggested Readings
43 Chest Tube Placement
Introduction
Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks
Specific Indications and Conditions
Urgent Placement
Semiurgent Placement
Nonurgent (Elective) Placement
Suggested Readings
44 Emergency Thoracotomy for Trauma
Introduction
Surgical Principles
Thoracotomy Technique
Lung Mobilization
Control of Cardiac Injury
Cardiac Massage
Control at Hilum and Injury Repair
Aortic Clamping
Conclusion
Suggested Readings
45 Tracheal Intubation and Endoscopic Anatomy
Introduction
Airway Anatomy
Upper Airway
Larynx
Nose and Nasopharynx
Lower Airway
Indications for Intubation
Preintubation Airway Examination
Anesthesia
Laryngoscopy
Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
Oral Approach
Nasotracheal Approach
Failed Intubation
Summary
Suggested Readings
9 Breast and Oncology
46 Mastectomy
Introduction
Partial Mastectomy
Total Mastectomy
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Breast Removal and Reconstruction
Summary
Suggested Readings
47 Duct Excision
Introduction
Preoperative Workup
Surgical Principles
Excision Technique
Summary
Suggested Readings
48 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Introduction
Dye/Radiotracer and Injection Sites
Lymphatic Drainage
Lesion Drainage to Lymph Nodes
Identification of the Sentinel Lymph Node
Summary
Suggested Readings
49 Axillary and Inguinal Lymphadenectomy
Introduction
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection
Summary
Suggested Readings
50 Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Introduction
Preoperative Imaging and Incision
Abdominal Exposure for Tumor Removal
Summary
Suggested Readings
10 Urology and Gynecology
51 Hysterectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions
Introduction
Surgical Anatomy
Cardinal and Uterosacral Ligaments
Round and Broad Ligaments
Vascular Landmarks and Ureteral Injury
Hysterectomy
Surgical Approach
Abdominal Dissection
Ovarian Preservation
Clamping and Mobilization
Specimen Removal and Closure
Suggested Readings
52 Oophorectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions
Introduction
Preoperative Imaging
Surgical Approach
Anatomy and Dissection of the Adnexa
Gonadal Vessels and Infundibulopelvic Ligament
Utero-ovarian Vessels
Large Masses and Modified Approaches
Radical Oophorectomy
Suggested Readings
53 Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Radical Nephrectomy
Introduction
Preoperative Imaging
Surgical Approach
Patient Positioning and Trocar Placement
Mobilization of Left Colon
Dissection
Ureter
Renal Hilum
Adrenal Gland
Lateral Attachments Divided
Extraction
Suggested Readings
54 Radical Prostatectomy
Introduction
Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Principles
Surgical Approach
Posterior Prostatic Dissection
Development of Space of Retzius
Bladder Neck Dissection
Neurovascular Bundle Preservation
Prostatic Pedicle Ligation and Division of Deep Dorsal Venous Plexus
Division of Urethra
Vesicourethral Anastomosis
Specimen Extraction
Suggested Readings
55 Radical Cystectomy
Introduction
Surgical Approach
Bladder Mobilization
Dissection of Ureters
Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
Pedicle Dissection
Urethral Ligation
Anterior Pelvic Exenteration
Bladder Mobilization
Vagina-Sparing Technique
Urethrectomy
Vaginal Reconstruction
Suggested Readings
Index
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