Table of contents : Natural Language Understanding, Related Technologies, and Natural Language Applications Identifying Practical Natural Language Understanding Problems Approaches to Natural Language Understanding – Rule-Based Systems, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Selecting Libraries and Tools for Natural Language Understanding Natural Language Data – Finding and Preparing Data Exploring and Visualizing Data Selecting Approaches and Representing Data Rule-Based Techniques Machine Learning Part 1 - Statistical Machine Learning Machine Learning Part 2 – Neural Networks and Deep Learning Techniques Machine Learning Part 3 – Transformers and Large Language Models Applying Unsupervised Learning Approaches How Well Does It Work? – Evaluation What to Do If the System Isn't Working Summary and Looking to the Future