Natural gas engineering handbook 0976511339, 9780976511335

Table of contents :
0976511339.01._SCLZZZZZZZ_V37827494_......Page 1
FM......Page 2
Table of Contents......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 0
preface......Page 12
1.1 What Is Natural Gas?......Page 21
1.2 Utilization of Natural Gas......Page 22
1.3 Natural Gas Industry......Page 24
1.4 Natural Gas Reserves......Page 25
1.5 Types of Natural Gas Resources......Page 26
1.6 Future of the Natural Gas Industry......Page 27
2.2 Specific Gravity......Page 32
2.3 Pseudocritical Properties......Page 33
Table 2.1 Results Given by MixingRule.xls......Page 35
2.4 Viscosity......Page 36
2.5 Compressibility Factor......Page 39
Table 2.2 Results Given by Carr-Kobayashi-Burrows Viscosity.xls......Page 40
Table 2.3 Results Given by Brill-Beggs-Z.xls......Page 42
Table 2.4 Results Given by Hall-Yarborogh-z.xls......Page 44
2.7 Formation Volume Factor and Expansion Factor......Page 45
2.8 Compressibility of Natural Gas......Page 46
2.9 Real Gas Pseudopressure......Page 47
Table 2.5 Input Data and Calculated Parameters Given by PseudoP.xls......Page 48
2.10 Real Gas Normalized Pressure......Page 49
Table 2.6 Partial Output Given by PseudoP.xls......Page 50
3.2 Analytical Methods......Page 53
Table 3.1 The First Section of Theoretical Deliverability.xls......Page 55
3.3 Empirical Methods......Page 56
Table 3.4 Results Given by Empirical Deliverability.xls......Page 59
3.4 Construction of Inflow Performance Relationship Curve......Page 61
Table 3.6 Solution Given by Theoretical IPR.xls......Page 62
Table 3.7 Input Data and Solution Given by Empirical IPR.xls......Page 65
Table 3.8 Results Given by Empirical IPR.xls......Page 66
4.1 Introduction......Page 68
4.2.1 The Average Temperature and Compressibility Factor Method......Page 69
Table 4.1 Input Data and Results Given by AverageTZ.xls......Page 72
4.2.2 The Cullender and Smith Method......Page 73
4.3 Mist Flow in Gas Wells......Page 75
Table 4.2 Input Data and Results Given by Cullender-Smith.xls......Page 76
Table 4.3 Input Data and Results Sections for MistFlow.xls......Page 79
5.2 Sonic and Subsonic Flow......Page 82
5.3.1 Subsonic Flow......Page 83
5.3.3 Temperature at Choke......Page 86
5.3.4 Applications......Page 87
Table 5.1 Solution Given by DryGasUpchoke.xls......Page 92
5.4 Wet Gas Flow through Chokes......Page 93
Table 5.2 Solution Given by DryGasDownChoke.xls......Page 94
6.2 Nodal Analysis......Page 97
6.2.1 Analysis with the Bottom Hole Node......Page 98
Table 6.1 Input Data and Results Given by BottomHoleNodal.xls......Page 100
6.2.2 Analysis with Wellhead Node......Page 101
Table 6.2 Input Data and Solution Given by WellheadNodal.xls......Page 104
Table 6.3 Results Section of WellheadNodal.xls......Page 105
7.2 Separation of Gas and Liquids......Page 108
7.2.1 Principles of Separation......Page 109
7.2.2 Types of Separators......Page 110
7.2.3 Factors Affecting Separation......Page 113
7.2.4 Separator Design......Page 115
7.3 Stage Separation......Page 124
7.4 Flash Calculation......Page 126
7.5 Low-temperature Separation......Page 133
8.2 Dehydration of Natural Gas......Page 137
8.2.1 Water Content of Natural Gas Streams......Page 138
8.2.2 Dehydration Systems......Page 140
8.2.3 Glycol Dehydrator Design......Page 149
8.3 Removal of Acid Gases......Page 161
8.3.2 Alkanolamine Sweetening......Page 162
8.3.3 Glycol/Amine Process......Page 163
8.3.4 Sulfinol Process......Page 164
9.1 Introduction......Page 166
9.2 Types of Compressors......Page 167
9.3 Selection of Reciprocating Compressors......Page 169
9.3.1 Volumetric Efficiency......Page 171
9.3.2 Stage Compression......Page 172
9.3.3 Isentropic Horsepower......Page 174
9.4 Selection of Centrifugal Compressors......Page 182
9.5 Selection of Rotary Blowers......Page 187
10.2 Measurement with Orifice Meters......Page 191
10.2.1 Orifice Equation......Page 193
10.2.2 Recording Charts......Page 198
10.2.3 Computation of Volumes......Page 201
10.3.1 Displacement Metering......Page 204
10.3.3 Elbow Meter......Page 206
10.4 Natural Gas Liquid Measurement......Page 207
11.2 Pipeline Design......Page 211
11.2.1 Sizing Pipelines......Page 212
Table 11.1 Input Data and Results Given by PipeCapacity.xls......Page 227
Table 11.5 Input Data and Solution Given by LoopedLines.xls......Page 241
11.2.2 Pipeline Wall Thickness......Page 242
12.2 Liquid Loading on Gas Wells......Page 253
12.2.1 Turner's Method......Page 254
12.2.2 Guo's Method......Page 257
Table 12.1 Turner Velocity and the Minimum Unloading Gas Flow Rate Given by TumerLoading.xls......Page 258
12.2.3 Comparison of Methods......Page 263
Table 12.2 Input Data and Solution Given by GasWellLoading.xls......Page 264
12.2.4 Solutions to the Liquid Loading Problem......Page 265
12.3 Hydrate Control......Page 266
12.3.1 Hydrate-forming Conditions......Page 267
12.3.2 Preventing Hydrate Formation......Page 271
Table 12.5 Glycol Inhibition Calculations and Results Given by Glycollnjection.xls......Page 276
Table 12.6 Methanol Inhibition Input Data and Calculations Given by Methanollnjection.xls......Page 277
12.4 Pipeline Cleaning......Page 279
12.4.1 Pigging System......Page 280
12.4.2 Selection of Pigs......Page 287
12.4.3 Major Applications......Page 295
12.4.4 Pigging Procedure......Page 299
Appendix A: Pseudopressures of Sweet Natural Gases......Page 307
Appendix B: Normalized Pressures of Sweet Natural Gases......Page 311
Appendix C: Orifice Meter Tables for Natural Gas......Page 315
Appendix D: The Minimum Gas Production Rate for Water Removal in Gas Wells......Page 350
Figure D-1 - Figure D-48......Page 351
Figure D-49 - Figure D-100......Page 375
Appendix E: The Minimum Gas Production Rate for Condensate Removal in Gas Wells......Page 401
Figure E-1 - Figure E-48......Page 402
Figure E-49 - Figure E-100......Page 426
C......Page 452
H......Page 453
N......Page 454
O......Page 455
T......Page 456
Z......Page 457