Multimedia Foundations: Core Concepts for Digital Design 0240813944, 9780240813943

Table of contents :
Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction
How the Chapters Are Organized
Chapter Highlights
Close Up Boxes
Key Terms
Exercises
Section 1 Multimedia Foundations
Chapter 1 Understanding Multimedia
What It Is … Is Multimedia!
Media Defined
Multimedia Defined
Text
Graphics
Video
Audio
Animation
The World Wide Web
Three Generations of the Web
Legacy Media
Large Organization
Large Audience
Simultaneous Delivery
Emerging Media
Five Principles of New Media
Numerical Representation
Structural Modularity
Automation
Variability
Cultural Transcoding
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 2 Digital Content and File Management
Brief History of the Personal Computer
Human-Computer Interaction
The Mouse and Graphical User Interface
The Keyboard
The Binary System
Bits and Bytes
File Size and Storage Capacity
Computer Hardware and Software
Operating System Software (OS)
Mobile Operating Systems
Application Software
Mobile Apps
File Management
Files and Folders
The File System
The Root Directory
Digital Storage Solutions
Fixed Storage
Removable Storage
Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 3 Project Planning
Introduction to Multimedia Planning
Design Thinking
Empathize
Audience
Users
Define
Ideate
Previsualization
Prototype
Test
Time-Based Media: The Three Ps
Preproduction
Time-based Previsualization
Production
Postproduction
Universal Design
Inclusive Design
Accessibility
Key Terms
Notes
Section 2 Visual Communications
Chapter 4 Elements of Visual Design
Introduction To Visual Communications
Content and Form
Aesthetics
Elements of Design
Space
Spatial Dimensions
Aspect Ratio and Orientation
Positive and Negative Space
Dot
Line
Straight Lines
Curved and Diagonal Lines
Shape
Form
Texture
Pattern
Color
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Colors
Hue, Saturation, and Value
Combining Colors
Subjective Aspects of Color
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 5 Principles of Visual Design
Introduction To Visual Hierarchy
Text Layout Scanning Patterns
Chunking Body Copy
F-Layout
Z-Layout
The Grid System
The Anatomy of a Grid
The Parts of a Grid
Common Grid Structures
Tables
Grid Templates
Principles of Design
Principle of Unity
Alignment
Proximity
Similarity
Repetition
Principle of Emphasis
Scale
Contrast (Value)
Depth
Proportion
Perceptual Forces
Balance
Continuation
Figure-Ground
Psychological Closure
Key Terms
Notes
Section 3 Static Media
Chapter 6 Text
Introduction to Typography
The Origins of Type
Characteristics That Define Typefaces
Stroke, Contrast, and Stress
Weight: Regular, Boldface, and Light
Posture: Roman, Oblique, and Italic
Proportions and Letterform Parts
Monospaced Fonts
Legibility and Readability
Categorizing Typefaces
Serif Vs. Sans Serif Typefaces
Serif Typefaces
Sans Serif Typefaces
Decorative Typefaces
Script Typefaces
Dingbat Typefaces and Special Characters
Screen Fonts and Web-Safe Typefaces
Font Styles
True and Faux Font Styles
Italics and Boldface
Condensed Or Expanded Type
All Caps and Small Caps
Underline and Strikethrough
Font Size
Font Color
Baseline Shift
Superscript/Subscript
Character and Line Spacing
Kerning and Tracking
Leading
Alignment, Justification, and Distribution
Font Transformations
Font Pairing
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 7 Graphics
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Graphics
Images
Digital Imaging
Raster Graphics
Raster Graphics Editing Software
Raster Image Resolution
Scaling
Resampling
Cropping
Aliasing
Vector Graphics
Vector Graphics Editing Software
Graphics Layers
Transparency
Graphics Conversion
Graphics File Formats
Raster Graphics File Formats
Vector Graphics File Formats
Portable Document Format (PDF)
Display Screen Resolution
Key Terms
Note
Chapter 8 Photography
Introduction To Photography
Consumer Cameras
Prosumer and Professional Cameras
Video Cameras
Imaging Chain
The Lens
Focal Length
Focus
Iris
Shutter
Image Sensor
Sensor Size
Image Resolution
Image Encoding and Compression
Exposure
The Exposure Triangle
Aperture
ISO
Shutter Speed
Measuring Light Intensity
Evaluative Metering Mode
Center-Weighted Metering Mode
Spot Metering Mode
Shooting Modes
Automatic Modes
Fully Automatic Mode
Portrait Mode
Landscape Mode
Sports Mode
Night Mode
Semi-Automatic Modes
Aperture Priority Mode
Shutter Priority Mode
Program Mode
Manual Mode
White Balance
Composition Basics
Four Elements of Good Composition
A Subject and Background
Sense of Balance
Point of View
Simplicity
Key Terms
Notes
Section 4 Time-Based Media
Chapter 9 Digital Sound and Video Recording
Introduction to Audio and Video Recording Formats
Legacy Recording Formats
File-Based Recording Formats
Codecs and Container Formats
Audio Encoding
Pulse-Code Modulation
Sample Rate
Bit Depth
Bit Rate
Video Encoding
Raster Scanning
Progressive Scanning
Interlaced Scanning
Television and Cinema Standards
Open Standards for Audio and Video Encoding
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)
MPEG-2 Video Coding (H.262)
MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
MPEG-4 (Part 10) Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
MPEG-H High Efficiency Video Coding/H.265
Propriety Formats
AVCHD and XAVC
QuickTime
Image and Sound Recording Formats
Video Recording Formats
Resolution Or Frame Size
Scanning Method
Frame Rate
Video Bit Rate
Audio Recording Formats
Image and Sound Device Settings
Aperture
Gain (ISO)
Shutter Speed
Focus
White Balance
White Balance Options
Audio Levels
Record Levels and Signal Gain
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 10 Audio Production
Introduction to Sound and Audio
What Is Sound?
Amplitude and Gain
Frequency
Microphones
Classifying Microphones By Transducer Type
DYNAMIC MICROPHONES
CONDENSER MICROPHONES
Classifying Microphones By Polar Pattern
Omnidirectional
Bidirectional
Unidirectional (Cardioid)
Classifying Microphones By Form Factor
Handheld Microphone
Lavalier Microphone
Shotgun Microphone
Cables and Audio Connectors
Balanced Audio
XLR Connectors
Unbalanced Audio
Adapters
Wireless Microphones
Audio Monitoring
Recording Scenarios and Applications
Recording Interviews
Interview Staging and Technical Considerations
Recording Natural Sound
Interviewing Techniques
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 11 Video Production
Introduction to Video Production
Single-Camera Setups
Multi-Camera Setups
Film Grammar
Frame
Shot
Take
Scene
Sequence
Shot Types and Designations
Wide Shot
Medium Shot
Close-Up
Lead Room
Headroom
Coverage
Scripted Elements
Unscripted Elements
B-roll Shots and Sequences
Shot List
Field of View
Camera Location
Camera Angle
Subject Location
Focal Length
Three Principles of Motion
Primary Motion
Action, Reaction, and Interaction
Secondary Motion
Handheld Shots
Tripod Motion
Tertiary Motion
Lighting
Hard and Soft Light
Angle of Light
Light Modification Tools
FLAGS
SCRIMS
REFLECTORS
Lamp Technologies
Incandescent Lamps
Fluorescent and LED Lamps
Key Terms
Notes
Chapter 12 Non-Linear Editing
Introduction to Non-Linear Editing
NLE User Interface
Editing Workspace
Project Panel
Playhead and Time Ruler
Timeline
Source and Program Monitors
Playback and Scrubbing
In and Out Points
Tools Panel
Audio Meters
Setting Up a New Editing Session
Step 1: Create the Master Project Folder
Step 2: Create the NLE Project File
Step 3: Import Media Files
Step 4: Organize Media Clips
Step 5: Create a Sequence
Sequence Settings
Editing Stages
Synchronization and Logging
First Assembly
Rough Cut
Fine Cut
Final Cut
Editing Workflows
Building Blocks of an Edited Sequence
Primary Audio Or Spoken-Word Narrative
B-Roll and Natural Sound
Titles and Graphics
Sound Effects and Music
Transitions and Effects
Finishing Touches
Continuity Editing
Three-Point Editing
Step 1: Set the In and Out Points in the Source Monitor
Step 2: Set the In Point in the Timeline
Step 3: Perform the Edit
Step 4: Add B-Roll and Natural Sound
Timeline Editing Tools
Selection and Trim Tools
Razor Tool
Ripple Edit Tool
Rolling Or Slip Edit Tool
Hand/Zoom Tools
Split Edits
L Cuts and J Cuts
Motion Effects
Scale, Position, and Rotation
Pan and Zoom Effects
Keyframe Automation
Clip Direction and Speed
Designing Video Graphics
Graphics
Transitions
Transition Properties
Cut
Fade
Dissolve
Wipe
Sound and Color Management
Rendering and Exporting
Key Terms
Notes
Section 5 Interactive Media
Chapter 13 User Interface Design
Introduction To User Interfaces
Interactivity
TYPES OF USER INTERFACES
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Touch Interfaces
Voice Interfaces
Emerging Interfaces
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Phase One—Analysis
NEEDS ASSESSMENT, FACT GATHERING, AND RESEARCH
IDENTIFY TARGET USERS
SPECIFY PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
CONDUCT RESEARCH AND ASSIMILATE DATA
PERSONA
Phase Two—Design
ESTABLISH INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE (IA)
Phase Three—Implementation
Phase Four—Deployment
USABILITY
Learnability
Efficiency
Memorability
Error Management
Satisfaction
Usability Testing
Soliciting and Applying Feedback
UI COMPONENTS AND FEATURES
Navigation
PRIMARY NAVIGATION
SECONDARY NAVIGATION
Menus
DROPDOWNS
ACCORDIONS
TABS
Managing Hierarchy
HOME LINKS
BREADCRUMBS
FOOTERS
Organizing Content
THUMBNAILS
CAROUSELS
PAGINATION
ARCHIVES
Forms
Tailoring
PERSONALIZATION
CUSTOMIZATION
About the Author
Notes
Chapter 14 Coding for Web and Mobile Media
Introduction To Coding For Web and Mobile Media
The Technology Behind the Web
Hypertext Markup Language
The Boilerplate
Attributes
HTML Element Reference
Your First Webpage
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Cascading Style Sheets
CSS Selectors
Typography With CSS
The Box Model
Responsive Web Design
Your First Responsive Webpage
Key Terms
About the Author
Index