Modern Europe, 1789-Present [2 ed.] 0582772605, 9780582772601

Table of contents :
Cover
Modern Europe, 1789-Present
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Preface
Maps
1 Revolution and Empire: Experience and Impact, 1789-1815
Change and revolution: old and new
Long-term: short-term
'The' revolution
Revolution, war and 'the terror'
From war to Napoleon and through Napoleon to peace
Judging Napoleon
From Trafalgar to Waterloo
Social accounting: gains and losses
2 Order and Movement, 1815-1848
Restoration: idea or reality?
The task of restoration
The settlement
The 'Congress System'
Signs of change
The revolutions of 1830: challenging the status quo
Nation and class
Facts and isms
The springtime of liberty: the dawn of the revolutions of 1848
3 Nation Building, 1848-1878
The revolutions of 1848 and their 'lessons'
The dynamics of class
The interplay of nationalisms
The role of force
Diplomacy and war
Italian unification
German unification
The Franco-Prussian war and the German Empire
1870 and beyond
Nations and empires
Crises and Congress
4 Rivalry and Interdependence, 1871-1914
'The causes of war'
The alliance system
The politics of empire
World interdependence
From crises to war
5 Modernity
The sense of history: fact, fiction, myth
Cultural history
The sense of a century
The shock of the new
Anti-Semitism
City and metropolis: Paris, Berlin, London, Vienna
Science and technology
Mondernity
6 A European Civil War, 1914-1918
The dawn of 'total war'
How to wage war?
The course of the war
Men in trenches
War at sea
Why continue to fight?
The churches and war
The United States enters the war
Governments and peoples
Women at war
Political change
Russia in revolution
Peace and civil war
The 'creation' of Poland
Writers and the war
7 A New Order? 1919-1929
The 'price' of war
The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles
Reparations and war debts
The League of Nations
The settlement in Central and Eastern Europe
Russian civil war and peace, 1918-21
Revolutions in Germany and Hungary, 1918-19
The surviving empires: Britain and France
Feminism and society
Italy: the first casualty, 1919-24
Parallels?
Danger signs: Eastern Europe, 1920-28
A semblance of stability, 1925-28
Fragile foundations, 1929
8 Guns and Butter, 1929-1939
Causes of the Great Depression
The European slump, 1929-36
The international and national responses, 1929-32
Britain and Germany: a contrast
The special case of Sweden
France, 1932-38
Civil war in Spain
Central and Eastern Europe, 1929-38
Communism and fascism, 1933-41
Nazism, 1933-39
Stalinism, 1927-39
9 From European to World War, 1933-1945
The Axis powers
The policy of Appeasement
The Western powers, 1933-39
The Munich Crisis, 1938
The British Empire and Hitler, 1933-39
The economics of Appeasement
The final crisis: Poland, 1939
The course of the war, 1939-41
War in the West, 1940
From the Battle of Britain to the Battle of the Balkans, 1940-41
The 'Desert war', 1940-41
Peace for some, 1939-41
1941 to 1943: turning points
The home front
Women at war
The fall and rise of 'Great Powers'
Resistance in the Axis countries
The Final Solution
Participation and resistance in occupied Europe
Intellectual and spiritual resistance
Allies on the offensive, 1943-45
Allied relations, 1943-45
10 Freezing and Thawing Postwar Europe, 1945-1969
The damage of war
A river of refugees
The legacy of resistance and collaboration
The origins of the Cold War: the view from the West, 1945-47
The view from the East, 1944-46
The Marshall plan
Czechoslovakia
The Berlin blockade, 1948-49
An end to diversity: Eastern Europe, 1948-50
Nationalism and Communism, 1948-56
Stalinization, 1948-53
The death of Stalin and the destalinization of Europe, 1953-56
The Cold War and the wider world, 1949-62
Reforms in the Soviet Union, 1957-64
'Reform' Communism in Eastern Europe, 1957-68
The Cold War: confrontation and détente, 1957-69
11 Reconstructing Europe, 1945-1968
Britain and Europe, 1945-51
Restoring democracy to Western Europe, 1945-57
The rise of Christian Democracy
Defending Western Europe, 1947-54
Decolonization, 1946-62
Patterns of migration
Europe and the Middle East, 1945-68
Post-war imperialism
Economic miracles, 1949-68
Germany, 1949-68
Beginnings of a European union, 1945-51
Institutions of the Cold War
France, 1960-68
Italy, 1951-68
Britain, 1951-68
Recovery in 'little' Europe
The Treaty of Rome and after
Spain and Portugal, 1945-68
12 Towards a United Europe, 1968-2002
The 'revolutions' of 1968
The sobering seventies
Democracy in Southern Europe, 1975-86
The growth of institutional Europe, 1970-86
Eastern Europe: reform and decline, 1968-89
Stagnation and senility in the Soviet Union, 1964-85
Gorbachev's 'perestroika' and the crisis of Communism
The 'revolutions' of Eastern Europe, 1989
Western Europe, 1979-92
The economic and technological transformation of Europe, 1989-Present
Institutional Europe, 1986-Present
Europe and the world, 1989-Present
13 Post-Modern?
The need for perspective
A 'great mutation': 'the end of history'?
Continuities and discontinuities
The climax of the 'modern'
The 1960s and the post-modern
Eleven discontinuities
Towards the millennium and beyond it
Further Reading
Index