Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond (Volume 2): Comparing Consular Services and Diaspora Policies [2] 3030512444, 9783030512446

Table of contents :
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Do EU Member States Care About their Diasporas’ Access to Social Protection? A Comparison of Consular and Diaspora Policies across EU27
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Conceptual Framework: Bridging the Gap Between Consular Assistance, Diaspora Policies and the External Dimension of Social Security in the EU
1.2.1 Whom to Protect? Diaspora and Citizenship in the EU
1.2.2 How to Protect? Consular and Diaspora Policies for EU Citizens
1.2.3 What Kind of Protection? Deterritorialized Social Security as Protection Policy for EU Citizens Residing Abroad
1.3 Diaspora Infrastructure
1.3.1 Descriptive Infrastructure: Consular, Governmental, and Interest-Representation Institutions
1.3.2 Substantive Infrastructure: Sending States as Providers and Facilitators of Social Protection
1.4 A Typology of EU Member States’ Social Protection Infrastructure for Citizens Abroad
References
Chapter 2: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Austrian Citizens Abroad
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
2.2.1 The Austrian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
2.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
2.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
2.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Austria
2.3.1 Unemployment
2.3.2 Health Care
2.3.3 Pensions
2.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
2.3.5 Economic Hardship
2.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Belgian Citizens Abroad
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
3.2.1 Belgian Emigration as a ‘Forgotten History’
3.2.2 The Diaspora Infrastructure of Belgium
3.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
3.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Belgium
3.3.1 Unemployment
3.3.2 Health Care
3.3.3 Pensions
3.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
3.3.5 Economic Hardship
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Bulgarian Citizens Abroad
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
4.2.1 The Bulgarian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
4.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
4.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
4.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Bulgaria
4.3.1 Unemployment
4.3.2 Health Care
4.3.3 Pensions
4.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
4.3.5 Economic Hardship
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Croatian Citizens Abroad
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies in Croatia
5.2.1 The Croatian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
5.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
5.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
5.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Croatia
5.3.1 Unemployment
5.3.2 Health Care
5.3.3 Pensions
5.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
5.3.5 Economic Hardship
5.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Cypriot Citizens Abroad
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
6.2.1 The Cypriot Diaspora and its Relations to the Homeland
6.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
6.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
6.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Cyprus
6.3.1 Unemployment
6.3.2 Health Care
6.3.3 Pensions
6.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
6.3.5 Economic Hardship
6.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Czech Citizens Abroad
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
7.2.1 The Czech Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
7.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
7.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
7.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Czechia
7.3.1 Unemployment
7.3.2 Health Care
7.3.3 Pensions
7.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
7.3.5 Economic Hardship
7.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Danish Citizens Abroad
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
8.2.1 The Danish Diaspora and Its Relations with Homeland
8.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
8.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
8.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Denmark
8.3.1 Unemployment
8.3.2 Health Care
8.3.3 Pensions
8.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
8.3.5 Economic Hardship
8.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Estonian Citizens Abroad
9.1 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
9.1.1 The Estonian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
9.1.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
9.1.3 Key Engagement Policies
9.2 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Estonia
9.2.1 Unemployment
9.2.2 Health Care
9.2.3 Pensions
9.2.4 Family-Related Benefits
9.2.5 Economic Hardship
9.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Finnish Citizens Abroad
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
10.2.1 The Finnish Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
10.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
10.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
10.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Finland
10.3.1 Unemployment
10.3.2 Health Care
10.3.3 Pensions
10.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
10.3.5 Economic Hardship
10.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
11.2.1 The French Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
11.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
11.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
11.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in France
11.3.1 Unemployment
11.3.2 Health Care
11.3.3 Pensions
11.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
11.3.5 Economic Hardship
11.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for German Citizens Abroad
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
12.2.1 The German Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
12.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
12.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
12.2.3.1 Cultural Institutions
12.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Germany
12.3.1 Unemployment
12.3.2 Health Care
12.3.3 Pensions
12.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
12.3.5 Economic Hardship
12.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Greek Citizens Abroad
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
13.2.1 The Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
13.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
13.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
13.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Greece
13.3.1 Unemployment
13.3.2 Health Care
13.3.3 Pensions
13.3.4 Family-Related Benefits and Services
13.3.5 Economic Hardship
13.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Hungarian Citizens Abroad
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
14.2.1 The Hungarian Diaspora and Its Relation with the Homeland
14.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
14.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
14.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Hungary
14.3.1 Unemployment
14.3.2 Health Care
14.3.3 Pensions
14.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
14.3.5 Economic Hardship
14.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Irish Citizens Abroad
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
15.2.1 The Irish Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
15.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
15.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
15.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Ireland
15.3.1 Unemployment
15.3.2 Health Care
15.3.3 Pensions
15.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
15.3.5 Economic Hardship
15.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Italian Citizens Abroad
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
16.2.1 The Italian Diaspora and its Relations with the Homeland
16.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure and Key Engagement Policies
16.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Italy
16.3.1 Unemployment
16.3.2 Health Care
16.3.3 Pensions
16.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
16.3.5 Economic hardship
16.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Latvian Citizens Abroad
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
17.2.1 The Latvian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
17.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
17.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
17.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Latvia
17.3.1 Unemployment
17.3.2 Health Care
17.3.3 Pensions
17.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
17.3.5 Economic Hardship
17.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Lithuanian Citizens Abroad
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
18.2.1 Lithuanian Diaspora and Relations with the Homeland
18.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
18.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
18.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Lithuania
18.3.1 Unemployment
18.3.2 Health Care
18.3.3 Pensions
18.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
18.3.5 Economic Hardship
18.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 19: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Luxembourgish Citizens Abroad
19.1 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
19.1.1 The Luxembourgish Diaspora and its Relation with Homeland
19.1.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
19.1.3 Key Engagement Policies
19.2 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Luxembourg
19.2.1 Unemployment
19.2.2 Health Care
19.2.3 Pensions
19.2.4 Family-Related Benefits
19.2.5 Economic Hardship
19.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Maltese Citizens Abroad
20.1 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
20.1.1 The Maltese Diaspora and Its Relationship with the Homeland
20.1.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
20.1.3 Key Engagement Policies
20.2 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Malta
20.2.1 Unemployment
20.2.2 Health Care
20.2.3 Pensions
20.2.4 Family-Related Benefits
20.2.5 Economic Hardship
20.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Dutch Citizens Abroad
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
21.2.1 The Dutch Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
21.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
21.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
21.2.4 Engaging with Dutch Nationals Abroad
21.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in the Netherlands
21.3.1 Unemployment
21.3.2 Health Care
21.3.3 Pensions
21.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
21.3.5 Economic Hardship
21.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Polish Citizens Abroad
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
22.2.1 The Polish Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
22.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
22.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
22.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Poland
22.3.1 Unemployment
22.3.2 Health Care
22.3.3 Pensions
22.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
22.3.5 Economic Hardship
22.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Portuguese Citizens Abroad
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
23.2.1 The Portuguese Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
23.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
23.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
23.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Portugal
23.3.1 Unemployment
23.3.2 Health Care
23.3.3 Pensions
23.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
23.3.5 Economic Hardship
23.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Romanian Citizens Abroad
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
24.2.1 The Romanian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
24.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
24.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
24.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in and outside Romania
24.3.1 Unemployment
24.3.2 Health Care
24.3.3 Pensions
24.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
24.3.5 Economic Hardship
24.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 25: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Slovak Citizens Abroad
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
25.2.1 The Slovak Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
25.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
25.2.3 Key Diaspora Policies
25.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Slovakia
25.3.1 Unemployment
25.3.2 Health Care
25.3.3 Pensions
25.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
25.3.5 Economic Hardship
25.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 26: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Slovenian Citizens Abroad
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Diaspora Characteristics and Home Country Engagement
26.2.1 Slovenian Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
26.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
26.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
26.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Slovenia
26.3.1 Unemployment
26.3.2 Health Care
26.3.3 Pensions
26.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
26.3.5 Economic Hardship
26.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 27: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Spanish Citizens Abroad
27.1 Diaspora Policy Infrastructure and Key Policies
27.1.1 The Spanish Emigrant Community and Its Relations with the Homeland
27.1.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
27.1.3 Key Engagement Policies
27.2 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Spain
27.2.1 Unemployment
27.2.2 Health Care
27.2.3 Pensions
27.2.4 Family-Related Benefits
27.2.5 Economic Hardship
27.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Swedish Citizens Abroad
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Diaspora Infrastructure and Key Policies
28.2.1 The Swedish Diaspora and Its Relations with the Homeland
28.2.2 Diaspora Infrastructure
28.2.3 Key Engagement Policies
28.3 Diaspora Policies and Social Protection in Sweden
28.3.1 Unemployment
28.3.2 Health Care
28.3.3 Pensions
28.3.4 Family-Related Benefits
28.3.5 Economic Hardship
28.4 Conclusions
References