Meteorological Factors in Air Pollution

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword Summary

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(English, French,

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V

Russian, Spanish)

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VII

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6

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Section 1.

1.1 1.2 3 L.

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

....................... Wind. Turbulence ...................... Atmospheric stability - lapse rate .............. ...................... Inversions Conclusion ...................... .

conditions and typical plume forms

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................... Stable conditions ................... Neutral conditions Unstable conditions ................... ................. Ground-based inversion Upper inversion : fumigation ................

The distribution

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

.........

factors in the dispersion of pollutants

Meteorological

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.

............... Sulphur dioxide as a pollutant ................. Dispersion of pollutants

Meteorological 2.1

3.

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Nature and sources of air pollution

of pollutant from a single continuous

source

..................... The spreading of pollutant ............... The Gaussian form of pollutant distribution ............... The parameters of the Gaussian distribution ....................... Effect of the ground The estimation of horizontal and vertical spread .............. Stability categories ........................ .............. Dependence of concentration on sampling time Chimney height and plume rise .................... The effects of sloping ground,

buildings

and obstructions

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7 7 8 8 10 10 11 12 12 13

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4

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Multiple sources

6.

Topographical,

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

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geographical

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and large-scale meteorological

Air-mass type .......................... ...................... Anticyclonic inversions ..................... Tropical and polar regions ............................ Valleys ....................... The sea-breeze effect

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factors ajfecting air pollution

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14

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15 15 15 16 16 16

STARTIV

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CONTENTS Page

7.

A ir pollution forecasting 7.1

7.2 References. Appendix Figureslto9

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Numerical estimation .

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17

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Forecasting Climatology .

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and climatology

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17 17 .

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of the concentration .

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of pollutant .

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from a single continuous .

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source .

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18

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19

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23

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