Mastering Python and Raspberry Pi: A Comprehensive Guide to Computer Programming
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Installing python on windows
Lists
For
Control flow
0
Zip
Lambda functions
Sql basics
Using django
Django origins
Mac os x
Windows
Django installation
Applications
Mysql
on by author
on by {{author}}
first blog
on by {{post.author}}
Pi drawbacks
Introducing raspbian
Wi-fi2
Options for booting
Ssh
Spi
Tip
Pins from gpio
Layout of gpio
Outputs
Raspivid options
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MASTERING
PYTHON AND RASPBERRY PI
V E R E S A L AZAK
Mastering Python and Raspberry Pi
A Comprehensive Guide to Computer Programming
Vere Salazar
© copyright 2024 all rights reserved.
This document is geared towards providing exact and reliable information with regard to the topic and issue covered. The publication is sold with the
idea that the publisher is not required to render accounting, officially permitted or otherwise qualified services. If advice is necessary, legal or
professional, a practiced individual in the profession should be ordered. from a declaration of principles which was accepted and approved equally by a committee of the american bar association and a committee of publishers and associations.
In no way is it legal to reproduce, duplicate, or transmit any part of this document in either electronic means or in printed format. Recording of
this publication is strictly prohibited, and any storage of this document is not allowed unless with written permission from the publisher. All rights
reserved. The information provided herein is stated to be truthful and consistent, in that any liability, in terms of inattention or otherwise, by any usage or abuse of any policies, processes, or directions contained within is the solitary and utter responsibility of the recipient reader.
Under no circumstances will any legal responsibility or blame be held against the publisher for any reparation, damages, or monetary loss due to
the information herein, either directly or indirectly. Respective authors
own all copyrights not held by the publisher.
The information herein is offered for informational purposes solely and is universal as so. The presentation of the information is without contract or any type of guarantee assurance.
Contents
mastering python
welcome to python
programming languages
basic types
collections
flow control
functions
modules and packages
object-oriented programming
functional programming
text files
regular expressions
databases
error handling in python
python web development
final words
raspberry pi
introduction
part i:
chapter one : the raspberry pj
chapter two : getting started with the raspberry pi
chapter thr ee: linux system administration
chapter fou r: setting up the troubleshooting
chapter fiv e: configuring the network
chapter six : tool for raspberry pi configuration
chapter sev en: advanced raspberry pi configuration
part ii:
chapter eig ht: the pi: a home theatre pc
chapter nin e: the pi as a productivity machine
part iii:
chanter ten: an introduction to scratch
chapter elev en: an introduction to python
chapter twel ve: minecraft pi edition
part iv:
chapter thir teen: learning to hack hardware
chapter fourteen: the gpio port
chapter fifteen: the raspberry pi (camera module)
chapter sixteen: add-on hardware
part v:
appendix a: python recipes
appendix b: camera module q uick reference of raspberry pi
appendix c: hdmi display modes
Mastering python
to python
Hi! this book is for all who to work with and who want to this world at a through programming which is of communication us and that allows to
digital world and ours, taking control through actions, data and algorithms that control physical and logical of a programming can it from as day as apps on our to in robotics and artificial if you this, it is you that programming has as a in a world that, to various
of a
If you out of curiosity, you found information about world, but not if you
want to a programming i will you that a brings many among that to a can
If you i you to this book, i you that you go into of topics you will all that programming has in a practical way and that you of doing much than you
is not difficult you right amount of and you will find that solving during is and you can your a day of study, you will to and to know
Why python?
start by why programming that will python 32 is a and programming
many of that in python was by guido van rossum, who all of this but not of what today, as thousands of and anonymous to its and of python according to words of
“in 1989, i was looking for a 'hobby' programming that would busy during Christmas my (...) would but i had a at and not much in my hands, i to an for scripting i had thinking of a of abc that would to unix / c i python as a
working for in a slightly mood, (and a monty python's flying circus fan).”
Guido python in mind that this to an and so that could to its a as as and to
in a short to day
Python has common that it of to basic tasks than that on this programming
as minimalist, python's syntax is and is its most
At first, it was for unix. it was in so that today can it on windows and mac os as will a with as long as is it is also multiparadigm (a paradigm way to a it allows you to programs with than programming allowing to paradigm for all solutions, it and it is also as it has a for r is good for data and but not in with python, you can do at
As if this not it has a standard library by official python which many it also has a of unofficial which allows to functions than all of this thanks to
act that it is an which allows public to modify it according to and that, in addition, is constantly improving, which that your will low cost, you will to work without for a lot of and and you will turn programming into a activity, you will python has a community of looking to and
Python brings of all through a that and for all this, will short, and in a
short you will to in such as graphic computing, data financial applications, artificial among with python, is it
Programming
What is a programming
start by what a is. this is a to information and of actions to a task, in our
two of
a programming is a of a that an position natural particularly by humans,
and symbolic that allow us to with a in this should particularly to of
translation that allow us to instructions from a programming to a making programming that carry out today look to natural making task
Programming and as symbols, this or of by and by nowadays, can distinguish to and popularity: ascii standard for information and binary
first 7 bits for to which into a total of 27 to in its it 8 bits, making it consist of 256 this is standard on all on hand, always 8 bits making it 256 in total, this of is primarily in (commonly to data for and functions) and
Programming
A is up of a of symbols and words (vocabulary and and a of (syntax and that allow symbols to to form programming has a of that allow it to build a program, will by a program, a of commands or instructions on a programming that a to a or a function.
Although "programming and as if synonyms, it not to that way, programming and such as html for markup of that is not a programming
A programming allows or to what data a should on, how this data should or and what actions it should a of all this, through a that to to human or natural a of programming is that than can a common of instructions that can among to carry out construction of program in a way.
basic of syntax, and within can distinguish following
(syntax) or productions symbol that up a in
Finally, of syntactic constructions of and of and data
Low and
Programming can into and on how or far from of on which will
from von so at a to instructions in so difficult to program and costly, into and
In contrast, on abstract and that it for to instructions and than but a translator is to program to so, as it not on program works for
for programming, also paradigms, of which can highlight following:
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a is an or translation will which to programming to so that it can of translating and into a program is on or a is a program that is only for
carrying out a translation, not program, an is to both and
This to two of compilation in compilation or of a program, syntactic or not during program’s not by but by a of that adds to program, third of can
occur no is to of two. this can program not any but not as it may algorithm has or algorithm was poorly
In short, to a programming talking about a of commands or commands that has its own instructions and and combination of both allows us to
build programs, it is important to that a programming is not an application or program but tool that allows us to and modify
What for programming?
In 1945, and jonh (janos) von that a should follow, first in which was that
of that is, instructions analogous to in von it was to into account in to any calculation, and it was also to program into
In 1951, just von of program, and gill a program that from to binary to allow for in instructions and in to simplify programming, gradually until
translators of symbolic from to still to and, although simplify programming maintain two of main drawbacks.
That is why an was to a that was not on own instructions (that did not on but on an abstraction of and that was for in way, physical would not but abstractions of in this way, a of programming has an abstract with which your can run.
If want to run programs in a on a must into in a (manually or through a compilation) or a tool that program and it by of in program working in this 1954 and 1958, john backus a working group that to carry out a translator
of formulas that would calculations, was both of a fortran, and of a that said into of a (ibm 704).
Around 1960, algol 60, cobol, and lisp, in 1958, lisp, by john mccarthy, was a in that it is far from von of it is almost on of functions and lambda calculus, and its main was symbolic calculus, it was of functional this has
in of artificial in 1959, us of cobol. its was practical, and although it was out without taking into account of at in of programming it was in of data, it was also first which its in 1960, algol 60 was primarily an and by many was fully with bnf notation, a formalism to grammars, in 1964, basic was
bom. this was from point of that is, was to to and this was in and in programming of first but it was hardly in Simula was in 1967, on algol 60.
Pascal was born around 1970 crisis, niklaus wirth a and that us to of
programs of it is first on programming, and thanks to its simplicity, it has on which to of and formal also back to in addition, pascal has a good of in this wirth modula-2 built on many in pascal, although construction of program as a of pascal, a of including c, which at cost of a of abstraction, and control of programming also around this first logic programming
prolog, was in 1975 by kowalski and groups, what with its was long, it can that of prolog from 1960. lisp, prolog is far from von and it is almost on logic, prolog has an important that of programs is almost to its logical it has that it is usually it was in 1975 by kowalski and groups, prolog has such an important that of programs is almost to its logical its is usually
In 1983, ada was a us of it is on pascal, although it is it allows us to programming and handling and of
a of (c ++, java, modula-3,...). most of of to which of such as handling,
modularity,
Python is of most programming today, and to it has it all: it is and to syntax, thus saving and it is of to start with in world of programming,
python is a that can applications such as artificial thanks to or it can also for big data applications, to data this programming is also in thanks to its django or flask to a or with python.
python
It is a programming (far from it is a platform and scripting to carry out any of program, from windows applications to or it is an which that it is not to
to it, which such as of and such as
of is a guido van rossum. van rossum's goal was to for a that could to with
various tasks within programming that is usually in unix using c. python’s during which for various by 2000, it had a fairly product and a with which it had on works at a platform and application for of in python.
Its is to all kinds of programs, it is not a for although among its is of python on many it was originally for unix, although any is with as long as
is an for it. it is an which that must not its a compilation is it is in a way for in is first that in to up implicit compilation that is python has a you can is and a which can us and of portions of quickly.
programming is in python; in many it is an way to programs with it has
many functions in for of strings, in addition, many that can import into programs to with topics such as window programming or or things as as in .zip. it is that python has a visual syntax, thanks to an notation (with margins) that is mandatory, in many such as curly or and to portions of to portions of in python, you must inwards, placing a margin to that would go a function or a loop, this all adopt notations and that programs look similar.
work
of python: cpython, jython, ironpython, pypy, cpython is most and most talk about python, usually this in this both and in c. jython is java of
python, ironpython is its c # by using it is to all to java and pypy, lastly, is a python of python.
Installing python is how can you a programming if you don't to it? python 2 to on most but off with python 3. python 2 is still by many for built with
python 2 ago, and to python 3. python 3 is a major to with significant that transition from 2 to 3 that's why many that with python 2 to stay with it. option is that, or almost always with python 3. in that stuck with python 2 will switch to python 3, is moving to python 3,
Installing python on mac os x
To start using python on mac, will first to command to this can follow two
is try typing following command and hitting
Jot - 125
This should and print a list of all from 1 to 25. with this, how to a
Now will a of that will allow us to install and in python, to obtain it and it
functional, will follow
Copy installation command on into your it should look this:
/ bin / bash -c " (curl -fssl
A will for you. this this will prompt you for a password, in your password, and again.
A will for you. go to final and if you “installation has a
Now will to install python; for this will as follows:
following in your
install python3
In that will "summary" will that you and it
To that is in will carry out a as follows:
your and following to which you working with:
Python3 -
you should you post command is as follows:
Python 3. xx
If it that python 3 is finally and to
Installing python on windows
To will carry out first to python installation, to this, will follow following of
Visit to install python 3.5.2.
Click on to start download.
installation starts, to click add python to 3.5 paths.
Click install now. if installation was it will this in
following to installation of a so that can program, said would git bash:
Download git & git bash through
Allow it to in and do not any to configuration.
A will indicating that installation is
To a and that is in you must do following:
Go to start and git bash.
Confirm that python is by typing: python - and hitting
You should python 3.xx. if not, it you python 2.7
If you an python uninstall it and git bash, this way, you should to
Now you must install pip, a that will allow us to install and in python:
In your run following:
Curl
this which will install pip:
Python
now python, a and a
How to python support
20 of support, python support for python 2. on January 1, 2020, support for 2.7 of python programming officially python foundation, by guido van
rossum, that it would no and bug in this is not too launch of its python 3, took no than 14 ago, in 2006. in fact, support for python 2.7 should in
2015. popularity of this (it is still of python on many linux distributions) foundation of to support both of and to of python 2.7.
is why you python 3 from scratch, you with python 2 or python 3
community is and is by is to and to making it and
official python is https://www.python.org , which all information to this programming among its main you can find:
find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find:
find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find:
find: find: find: find: find: find:
find: find: find: find: find: find: find:
find: find: find: find: find:
find: find:
find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find:
find' find'
find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find: find:
find: find: find: find: find: find:
this is a community by python for programming it contains and and by
community this community on
Python discord: that community through and (with to with to obtain and you will stuck, this community on
Python forum: in this topics of all kinds information, tips and of all kinds ...), tasks (for who studying), and you can your own to from and your this
community on https://python-forum.io
Your will not with this book; a is a continuous that of that you will carry out in has its own but you will or adrift, python puts at your disposal all
tools you could along way. your community will always to who or facing too a so if you don't and visit as will of in your as a
world
At last, you waiting for has first program that going to in python is classic world!" and in this it is as as:
Print world")
Run python and and hit you should in is
world
What is function built-in print() to print string world! on our a string is a of in python, or
will to a with so that can our program among our your and copy it as for
Running this program is as as python of to run:
Python
If you windows, .py will with python so on to run program, as this program nothing than print a on is too fast to to this, going to add a that waits for to data, this way, a will display world!" until
Print world" raw_input ()
could also run program from as if it in all
Basic
Data in any programming data a of that and think for a in math class, you
had a class in which taught you of natural (1, 2, 3, 4.-2, -1, 0, 1, 2...),(... -1.1, -0.3, 2.1...), in programming (and of in python), of would
what call a data
In python, that can to a has a data with it. in python, is an so data would
and what can with and would of data in short, a data what a can and what can on
basic python data floating-point, and and strings.
Python basic data and
or that do not than in python, can by int or long, python's int is by a long of c. and python c, c, and java, of it can is platform
In most long of c is using 32 bits; that is, by using a python int can from
-231 to 231-1, or what is from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. on 64bit platforms, is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. python's long allows you to of any only by on
assigning a to a it will int is so as to of long can also python that a is using long by adding an 1 at
# long = 231
can also in binary format octal or
octal by “Oo” to a of octal digits (from 0 to 7):
= 0ol2
Print
To an in , "Ox" must to a of digits (from 0 to 9 and from a to f).
= Oxa
Print
Looking at in binary , "Ob" is to a of binary digits (0 and 1).
= 0bl010
Print
with in python, by float, in programming c, also similar to float but with =
python, its float at a low by of a of c, that is, using 64 bits, in python is always and 754: 1 -bit standard is for sign, 11 for and 52 for mantissa, this that that can from ± 2.2250738585072020 x 10-308 to ± 1.7976931348623157 x 10308. to a in python, part is first, by a and finally part:
= 0.2703
You can also notation and add an (for to an in 10. for =
It would to 0.1 x 10-3 = 0.1 x 0.001 = 0.0001
that an imaginary part, if you did not know of its it is than that you will it, so you can skip this in fact, most programming lack this although it is by
and in
In you to or you just curious, i will you that this in python, is also using floating-point an of it is in a c of two of of to part and for imaginary part,
in python as follows:
= 2.1 +7.8j
In python, class that is bool, a can only two or important for conditional and loops.
of with which can work with logical or conditional
also of that (comparisons
Operator
Description
Example
and
Is a and b
r = True and False # r is
fulfilled?
False
Is a or b?
r = True or False # r is
or
True
not
Not
r = not True # r is False
Operator
Description
Example
and
Is a and b
r = True and False # r is
fulfilled?
False
Is a or b?
r = True or False # r is
By any is with two
or
True
not
Not
k = not True # r is False
following also
String
with it’s turn, and basic python building block or strings, this is known as a string, although its class is str. strings nothing than in ('string') or
(“string”) quotation marks, you can add with \, such as \ n, or \ t, tab
A string can by or, or r, which that it is a string using and a raw string, raw strings from normal strings in that by backslash (\) not by
= u”aoe”
Raw = r "\ n"
It is also to a string in or this way, will to in and printing string, that will without having to to \ n as as quotation marks without having to
=..... first
This will in.....
Strings also support such as +, which works by strings as and *, in which string is as many as by as
A=
B = "two"
C = a + b#cis
C=a 3#cis *
A of data in programming two or in an array with so it us to group that to do with four of data in python
choosing an it is to choosing right for a particular data could of and or of program.
Lists
lists can contain any of data: strings, and also lists, it is an and in python, in
Fruits list =
Print (fruitslist)
If want to gain to any in list, will following indication, placing that in programming, start at 0) that want to print
Fruits list =
Print (fruitslist)
Fruit list =
Print (fruits list [1])
of to and modify of a list is common in many but python has in for us. a
curios thing about python [] is that can also if a is as an it that starts counting from to that is, with [-1] would last of list, with [-2] with [-3], and so on.
Fruits list =
Print (fruits list [-1])
unusual thing is what in python is known as slicing or partitioning, and that consists of this to allow portions of list, if of a two start and by a
colon [start: python will that want a list that from start position to position,
without including if (start: jump) of two, third is to how many positions to add an to list.
Fruits list = "kiwi",
Print (fruits list [2: 5])
A is a of data is that is, in a and that in python, in actually constructor of is comma, not but shows and should for clarity:
T= 1, 2, 3 »>(t)
Also, in mind that it is to add a comma for of a to it from an
T = (l)
(t) "int"
T = (l,)
(t)
To to of a as in a list, []
My_var = t [0] # my_var is 1
My_var = t [0: 2] # my_var is (1, 2)
can [] lists, part of a of allow a small paragraph to that strings also so it will not you that can do things
C = world" "
C [0] # he [5:] # world
C[::3]#
from lists is that do not modification through functions that about at of
also that is, cannot and a in for limitations, than lists, so if that going to to a is basic, you can of lists and
in python is class by to a is a of that is, do not main of this data is that it is a do not any and also that main of this class to know if an to a and to of a (list, or str).
To a a of in {}, or class constructor and pass it as an an a list, a a string ...).
S = {1,2,3,4}
Python this of from a dictionary by not including a colon, a cannot such as lists, and
A dictionary is a without and in python, in and and this that will of within for look at a dictionary of and
D = actually": "richard curtis", "kill bill": "tarantino",
first is and is with as a can any could strings, ... but not lists or this is as hash and a pair in dictionary, hash of is so that can quickly found if it was
in dictionary, obviously, its hash would also and could not found.
main and lists or is that in a dictionary not by in fact, no but by using [] again.
D actually"] # "richard curtis"
As in lists and this can also to
D ["kill bill"] =tarantino"
in this slicing cannot among things, not but mappings.
Flow control
A python program or script is a of instructions and by from top to bottom and from to right, all instructions program tools to program’s natural flow: a of skip according to this or that condition, a of instructions,
A control is a block of that allows you to group instructions in a way. to talk about flow control in python, it is first to talk about
In a is what human (at formal as for formal a you must an not all programming an although it is customary to it in to but in python’s is mandatory its will on it.
A control is as follows:
Control
(or coding) is of that cannot talking about control this is nothing than a that is at of a python in to to in utf-8 could any if no is python might throw an if it
Print nagara un nandu"
indicating will
# - *- coding: utf-8 - *-
Print nagara un nandu"
In this will talk about two control
Conditional control
If a program nothing than a list of commands to by it would not conditionals allow us to conditions and our program in way or to a of or on this condition.
Conditional control that allow us to if or conditions to say what action going to condition can only 1 of 2 or
In daily act according to of conditions, much than think: if traffic light is cross if not, wait for traffic light to turn also than condition to a action: if
bill and i pay bill.
To to on a condition, (or comparison)
Symbol
Meaning
Example
Outcome
— =
Like
5==7
! =
Other than
Red ! = Green True
7
True
=
And to than condition logical
False
Operator Example
and
5 = = 7 and
Explanation
Outcome
False and False
False
True and true
True
True and false
False
7 (latoya) half half nymph, half half nymph.
an important in this of that pass as an (latoya) has nothing to do with of it what was in its original it was from); at call
and
A allows you to logically your python grouping within a to and a is a python with arbitrary that you can bind and simply, a is nothing but a with a .py a can functions, and it can also physical python on disk is to going to our first a small with following
my_function ():
Print "a function"
Class myclass:
__ init__
Print "a class"
Print "a
If to functionality in this in our program, would to import it. to import a import by which consists of minus you can any python as a by this in python import has following syntax:
Import you
Import
an import it imports if it is in path, a path is a list of that importing a
our first it must in as program that imports it. but in may to import from importing a python it through all in pythonpath in of a with of pythonpath can from python using sys.path import sys sys.path
Import sys
Sys.path
In this way, for our to to all programs, it would to copy it to of in pythonpath.
import also allows you to import on in following can how of python os
distribution with a which functionality to sys, with functionality to python and in which functions to and
Import os, sys,
Print ()
It is to of that import from a with of to which or what is in which this
allows us not to with importing it is to from-import construction to us having to of that us. in this way, or that into
From import
Print ()
A is a that contains if to to of (both a of that allow grouping on a physical
to by using us first of all, it allows us to unify to of and or on hand, allow
us to and our as if python in this way, can as standard from or scripts without loading
To python a as a you to a__ init__ .py in that this way, python to that it is a and not a in this way, can of of import and from-import also to import to and
Import
0
programming
programming (oop), as is a programming paradigm, as such, it us a and is on of to t a
and of oop
of oop can as to and program a could as tools that to build with among main of oop, can find and
on which our will built, that is from which to a that is that what and will of that class, in python, a class is with class by a for
Class
Pass
as intrinsic of as only :
Class ():
Color = ""
__
IIII
— IIII
functions, that own actions that (and not can
functions
Class ():
Color =
= "big"
= "ugly"
float
Pass
by nothing than that us
can say that a class is an abstract is its is a class, and this consists of
assigning class as a to a
Class ():
Color =
= "big"
= "ugly"
=0 =0 Hairs = hair ()
float
Print 12
=0 Print
Print
Print
= "pink"
Print
and as and also add and this is a class that from act of from a class is also a class." it is worth clarifying that in python a class not from any it must from an which is main python class, which an
want to musical of a band, will a guitar class, a drum class, a bass class, and so on. of will a of and but it that, by fact of musical will many of and an would play().
It is to an with common and and program that guitar, drums, and bass
making from to that class from of class it from in of class:
Class
init
play
Print playing music"
Print "you will pay that"
Print""
Class
Pass
Class guitar
Pass
As drums and guitar from both a play() and a and by passing a but what if to a a guitar it would to a__ init__ for guitar class that would in of __ init__ . this is what is known as now, it can in that to a of class, but in that want to of class our not than to a of instructions, in that would args)
syntax to call of as class, for to call from guitar, would_ init__ that, in this it is to
A class can from at for could a class that from class, with walk () and and of aquatic class, with swim () and _swim. it is to from which it is by commas:
Class (ground, aquatic):
Pass
In that any of had with and of would of of to right in in following as is to it would of of this class that would and if call of an of what would would animal walks":
Class ground:
Print animal walks"
Class aquatic:
Print animal swims"
Class (ground, aquatic):
Pass
C = ()
0 Polymorphism
It ability to than form, an can in on data in polymorphism is in application of an of a class is at an of class, so an of class is of child class can also
In python, it is not to of that a function functions naturally polymorphic, a
block of will polymorphic within that calls to that can in
Using polymorphism, can of and obtain according to class, this that can
call a as and will automatically which of to according to various for of data pass as an calling it, class to which it or can which polymorphism is a of organization and good for who works with many and
Allowing not to think, and many but can call with that it would call
Polymorphism is than of. that in python, is an which it that without to will
polymorphism, for only print () function prints various of without for us to
anything, and this is also thanks to of python's "dynamic typing."
In python, as such not who from such as java find confusion it is common
in that in python, is absurd, although who about it claiming that it is "good in any
to of having with in class, in this way, or will to by of data that as in
In python, dynamism that this programming a conflict by not knowing
what of to. although it is to will skip this although it works it is absurd and in python, you should not two with or call with of
in programming is a to programming and to hiding of a class’s from in
words, consists of making or to a class not or from but only can
In python, no and what is usually is that to a or function is by its if with two (and not also with two it is of a or function; it is public, and with two that python calls automatically
Class ():
="asdasd"
Al =
(most call last):
1 in
has no
Functional programming
For a it has to work with functional programming as if had programming or to of limitations in way of working.
of functional programming as follows:
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Why functional programming? functional of us to constant and so that will not programming from global is a by knowing what to to a function, can know what to functional programming is not it is in an way with and programming. 3 of python, this has tools, finally, will obtain a compliant that is to and it is to a function than structuring of an
starting with it is worth knowing of that functional programming in
python, among can find following:
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following:
Python, without a functional from functional such as functions or lambda functions (anonymous functions).
functions
of functions to of functions as if it any making it to pass functions as of functions or to functions as a this is as on occasions, in python, and functions no
In following can an of
(lang):
():
Print
():
Print "hi"
():
Print "salut"
Lang_func =
lang_func [lang]
F = ("is")
F()
As can first thing do in our program is function with a it is. in function, functions and and a dictionary is that has as strings that and functions as of function is of functions, function to is by of lang that was as an to say
of is a function, as this that f is a that contains a function, can call function
to by f in way that would call any function, adding a and, optionally, a of this could it is not to function that is to us as a in a to to call it:
0 hi
(“fr”) () salut
In this first pair of of function, and pair, of function by
Using map, and zip
of things can do with our functions is passing as to map, and functions, functions allow us to typical loops of with constructions.
Map
function map allows us to apply a function on of of a (lists,...). will this function to transform of into of function is as follows:
Map (functon to apply,
function to must a it is from that will obtain a an
= 0):
List =[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
= list (map list))
Print
As of 3, map function a map which can to a list, in this as function that apply on can it with a lambda function, could as follows:
= list (map (lambda * list))
function is of most functions working with as its this function allows us to of of function is as follows:
(function to apply,
function to apply will to of of this function should always a all that in a applying this function, it will that pass from a will an
5
= (5,2,6,7,8,10,77,55,2,1,30,4,2,3)
Print
As of 3, function a that can to a
will function a of and to a will allow us to of can this function as an accumulator, of function is as follows:
(function to apply,
important thing is to function to apply . this function must two first will to
accumulator, a that will its for of in on hand, will to of function must a it will this that will to accumulator, this may sound confusing, but it will with a of start with an approach:
List =[1,2,3,4]
Accumulator = 0;
For in list:
Accumulator + =
Print (accumulator)
As can to had to a accumulator that starts with of 0. as go through list, of our its is plus of in list, so far, i don't think is any doubt, now look at using function:
From functools import
List =[1,2,3,4]
function_accumulator (accumulator = 0, = 0):
accumulator +
= (function_accumulator, list)
Print
For of function is function_accumulator . function sum of this is in our accumulator, at of of all will of accumulator.
Zip
built-in function it to zip() as two or with of and a that contain from of
original
=[" china", "india",
Population = [1391, 1364, 327, 264]
List (zip populations))
[("china", 1391), (“india”, 1364), 327), 264)]
This function is in for loops to of two or
For country, population in zip population):
Print("{}: {} million inhabitants.", format (country, population))
China: 1391 million inhabitants.
India: 1364 million inhabitants.
327 million inhabitants.
264 million inhabitants.
Lambda functions
lambda is to anonymous functions as anonymous functions, that is,
without a cannot lambda functions using lambda function by commas no a colon (:), and function this construction could in to program to for could this:
L = [1,2,3]
12 = (lambda n: n% 2.0 == 0, 1)
it to
is_pair (n):
(n% 2.0 == 0)
L = [1,2,3]
12 = (is_pair, 1)
Lambda functions by syntax to a
About
Python working with and start with
start with a short discussion about in a on of your mac or windows, you saw how information is to command" window in your by using command print python:
Print world)
python programming is of this that it is built around a of an which contains both data as as a of for and data, an is it can with
In saw of string world." string is of a of in quotation marks, you can a string in ways:
= world'
= world"
IIII
world ”” ”
What is important is to that, as in first two you can or but you should mix two in string, in third quotation marks a string that spans than
following contain
= world"
world'
-his is john o'connor'
Counts of in 3. for this to work will to or as:
= 'his is john o \ connor'
Print is a command that prints in form, combining print command with a string a
You will print command in this way in you want to information that to you
will information that to to or as input for by program or of programs, in will want to information to on hard of it to output command following program in your and it as
F = 'wb'
world')
F. () In python, any that starts with a pound sign or pound sign (#) is and is by
python to allow to with (or to of what is doing sit in front of it a months in a broad programs and in a way that it for to work that is to of is a low, that is to of human is high . of of using a programming python is that it is
of a which it for us to with you (of at a cost in of computing
In this show, f is an and . in words, and act on f, which, in this is as a .txt this is probably a of that you might and from to you will find that words in
of programming slightly (or than in this that that actions, run on thing and a you can try to this using such as giving to your dog that has your commands it has "bark," "sit," down," and so on. will discuss and how to many as
of a that is f. could him anything, in python, can with or but cannot of commands as for if try to a "print," program will not that is a word that is
part of programming in python also which that trap, trap, or trap would of
you run program your to a in that program in. w that to to this using python, in mind that both and in so you know that it will data as strings, if you to program will crash, in your program world" (which is string) in and
it. run python, and although nothing will in output command you will a status that will say this on mac:
7 usr / bin / python 0.
in windows, you will
'C: \ python27 \ 0.
plain minimal information, to small in to platforms (for from windows to linux or mac or and to from program to can also in all
from a
Python also has that allow us to information from following program in and it as . you click "run python," program will you just it contains, and
print information in "output command"
F = 'r')
=0
F. ()
In this r is to that you a to information it contains, allow you to from a of options that a particular allows, going back to dog can to bark if it a and if it a of is is in of what it will for you can't ask dog to sing an italian your
dog is particularly you can find possibility of for particular on python or you can in any by typing by word "python."
is of is to which is how to call that string, and print command is to in to
output command
to an
A third option is to an and add information to it. that if you a using and
you program will contains, of this is not a a or you want to of an but it is totally you a long list of or compiling a amount of data into an so of going
to which is with a to.
following program in and it as you run it, this program will that you and add a world” to syntax '\ n' a of in
F = 'a')
('\ n' + world)
F. ()
run program, go to and it to what and program as many as you you again,
you will that will a of with world” as many as you run program.
Binary
Not all and not all can in which has a particular and it is to knowing format in which data is in to that information.
To a and it in binary form, it is to add a b to
To of function = (n) to n and to to position of
b in from binary, to binary in information is only by or (bits) that up binary
Although it is not for all (in that it is a binary without our asking), it is a good habit to it, though it mainly as
handling a binary it is to to know position in and to to modify it. to obtain position, (), a that of of
To modify position, (start, from), which allows moving a starting amount of in counting from of from position, or from
of most that you across is looking for a in a list, or
This is not difficult if you looking for is static, and you know it for if you
want to find a in a contact list, just functions find (). which in python.
But what substring you trying to find has variants in its writing? for that in a you want to find how many a in our it can as or if you only functions
find (), you will to find variant of what if in a binary you want to find all of form 010, 0110, OHIO, 011110, and now you can no find () for way is
This is into a tool that it to find in from world of of formal but in
programming, without going into a can thought of as a word, up of that to a of words.
I will it with an go back to to find word in a you could for variants and or you could find word that variants, in this word that is would (a | a | . bar is a of to variants for in this word is a as it a of words.
A can contain which symbols that a in you |, which is to or and is to of a word, many start with python i'm going to show you of most common
'?' "at most match" of that thus, to words "dark" and would to and
or of that thus, "01 * 0" would to words 0, 010, 0110, OHIO, 011110,
'+' works similar to but "at match". "01 + 0" would now to words 010,
0110,01110,011110,
'{n}' n of for “ab {3} a” would to word “abba”.
'{n, m}' n and m if is blank, it "at n "01 {2,4} 0" would to 0110, OHIO, 011110, "01 {2,} 0" would words 0110, OHIO, 011110, 0111110,...
is a wildcard that can in of any thus, in a binary “01.0” would to words 0100 and 0110.
As you in () also a and to group and of “(01) * 0” is not as “01 * 0”. first to words 0, 010, 01010, 0101010 and to words 00, 010, 0110, OHIO ...
most common that you will find working with although it is important to that syntax may vary a bit on and in which can to form for “fi. * (a | o)” would to words that with “fi” and with a / o: philosophy, physical
A is a of in [] with a of most
[abc]- for a match with any of in "[abc] aa" to words aaa, baa, caa. it also works with
[ak]- for a match with any of first (a) and last (k). a" to words ba, ca, da, an "[az] aa" would to words that with any of and in "aa
[1-9]- is to but with
[A abc]- all that not thus,
* [A a]” would to any word that not with “a”.
To work with in python, you in following you will of its most basic
To find a in a string, can ().
Import
= ipsum pain sit adipiscing
X=
Print (x.span ()) initial position and of
You can also match (), but this only a position if is at of this will an trying
to do print() of match "ipsum" is not at of and match() bring back :
Import
= ipsum pain sit adipiscing door"
= "ipsum"
X=#
Print (x.span ()) # initial position and of
Y=#
Print (y.span ())
So much match() as only first found, if you think may than you can function find to all. this looks for "pain" in a long and its positions:
Import
= "" ipsum pain sit adipiscing
do incididunt ut labor pain magna aliqua.
Duis dolor in in cilium fugiat nulla pariatur......
= "pain"
X = a with positions
For i in x:
Print (i.span ())
In to for a static word in but can within to i will put
In this first "01 + 0" is to find in a binary all that start and with and only in 010,0110,01110,
Import
="010001000100111001"
= "01 +0"
x= For i in x:
Print (i.span ())
Of can to this asks for a binary and if it is capicua. '(0. {3} 0) | (1. {3} 1)' that start and with 0 or 1, with any in
Import
= raw_input ("input a binary of \ n")
= "(0. {3} 0)|(l. {3} 1)"
Valid =
input is for validity
If == 5:
Valid =
For i in
If i! = ’0’ and i! = ’1’:
Valid =
#if input is valid it is if it is capicua
If valid:
x= If (x! =
Print ("is capicua!")
Print ("it is not capicua!")
#if input is not valid and an
Print is not valid")
This to a of and sticks with that odd. is in all() that, find a with substrings
of of positions.
Import
= "551 889 302 105 012 817 894 206"
= "[0-9] {2} [13579]"
X = a with substrings of
For i in x:
Print (i)
What “[0-9] {2} [13579]” that i just know that a will odd if its last digit is
odd. so i'm looking for first two digits 0 and 9 and last digit is odd.
In this [A] is to discard all that contain digit '1'. is also to of
Import
= "551 889 302 105 012 817 894 206"
= "[A 1] {3}"
X = # a with substrings of
For i in x:
Print (i)
A is a that is to data, most a dictionary in that from to is that is on disk (or so it program a is in it can much data than a dictionary, which is to of on
a dictionary, is to data and fast, for amounts of data, maintains its by as data is to allow to quickly jump to a particular
of data and way can on and that is why, a of to
today it is to and on of data in which is also a consists of up of rows and
columns, also known as and obviously, within many dbms. most also with python, paid, and do a
As you can find many dbms. in python, of and programs to and programming though not vary much, it would difficult to go from to and dbms could not with
Apart from programming such as python, on of programs, dbms own
syntax or to and modifications to most in is sql and it is to it if want to this of in our programs, obviously, this a lot, so in this unit, will only basic to in conjunction with in our python scripts, this will focus on using python to work with data in many can using for which is at:
With you can data, data, or run sql in a is similar to a working with you
want to or on a you can it in a and you want, you many to to, you will a python program, you will find working with you will do in and will in python.
a
you first look at a it looks a with main data in a rows, and columns, in of of row, and column formally and will formal in this
a than python lists or a in must in of of columns in and of data plan to in
of knows of data in column, you can most way to and data on of data, you can various data by at following url:
of your data in may at first, but payoff is quick to your data, contains amounts of data, to a and a tracks with two columns in is following:
Import 3
Con =
Cur = conn, cursor ()
('drop if tracks')
tracks plays
0
or download from this
a to in in if not it will this is a is that is on a from on which run our application, in our will just a local in as python running, a cursor is a that
can to on data in call to cursorQ is similar to calling () with
cursor, can start commands on of using commands in a that has across many to allow us to a is or sql.
In our running two sql commands against our as a will display sql in and parts of command that adding (such as and column will in first sql
command drops tracks from if it this is simply to allow us to run program to tracks and without causing an that command drop and all its from (that is, is no "undo").
('drop if tracks')
command a tracks with a column of and an
tracks plays
Now that a tracks, can put data in that using sql again, start by making a to and cursor, can sql commands using cursor.
sql command which using and a row by listing want to plays) by want to
in row. as marks (??) to that actual as a ('my way' 15) as to call
Import
Conn =
Cur = conn, cursor ()
('drop if tracks')
tracks plays
into tracks plays) (?,?)',
20))
into tracks plays) (?,?)',
(’My way’, 15))
Conn.commit ()
Print ('tracks:')
plays from tracks')
For row in cur:
Print (row)
First, two rows into our and commit() to data to to
Tracks
title
plays
Thunderstruck
twenty
Mv wavlX
fifteen
command to rows just from in command which columns would to play), and from which want to data, cursor is can loop through in an instruction for. for cursor not all data from data is as walk through rows in for. output of program is as follows:
Tracks:
20)
('my way', 15)
Our loop for finds two rows, and row is a python with first as and as of
plays.
At of program, run an sql command to rows just so that can run program and again, command shows of a which allows us to a so that can ask to apply command only to rows that match in this now apply to all rows, so
so can run program also call commit() to data to from
Sql basics
So far, using in our python and many of basics of sql commands, in this
discuss sql in particular and an of sql syntax, so many (sql) was so that
could with a is up of rows, and columns, columns a such as or data, a and of columns:
tracks plays
To a row in a sql
into tracks plays) ('my way', 15)
using a list of you would to in row, and and a list of for of sql command to
rows and columns from a allows you to which columns you want to as as a to which rows you want to it also allows an optional by to control sorting of rows.
* from tracks = 'my way'
Using * that you want to all columns for row that that python, in an sql a sign to a of of a sign, logical in a , =,! =, as as and / or and to build your logical you can that rows by of as follows:
plays from tracks by
To a row, you a in an sql which rows to
from tracks = 'my way'
It's a column or columns within or rows in a using sql as follows:
tracks plays = 16 = 'my way'
a and a list of and to and an optional to rows to instruction will all rows that match if no is in all rows of four basic sql commands and four basic
to and maintain data.
handling in python
In of can occur, could syntax logic or syntax to occur during initial and of
syntax, syntax can caught compiling program for logical on hand, of logic an would a program an list assuming it was logical to track down, most that occur if don't all an would trying to a
In this will how to in python and how to log for a of what within application.
Syntax
Syntax also known as most common of complaint you still python:
print world'
(most call last):
print world'
invalid syntax
faulty and displays a small 'arrow' pointing to first was this is by (or at in) symbol that arrow: in is in print is a missing colon (':') it. and so you know to look if input is coming from a program.
if or is syntactically it can an you try to it. caught during and not unconditionally fatal: you will soon how to in python programs, start with a program to add two in python, our program two as input and prints sum. is a python program for adding two
(a, b):
Print a + b
(5, 10)
writing program, didn't fact that could go wrong, what if of is not a
(", 10)
not that our program will with following
(most call last):
4, in
(", 10)
2, in
Print a + b
cannot 'str' and 'inf
can by if but that not what if for and program to crash? working with a program that an is not a good sight, if an unknown has must robust to and
know that is wrong.
In python, to an is thrown without crashing program, going to modify
program that adds to
(a, b):
Try:
a+b
as
+ str
Print (", 10)
Python would all try and it an control is to block skipping in as in our within a try and you try to run program, and it should throw an of program crashing, also, for is as an a look at how to an it that trying to a with our
python program, but not in this will and know that not it occurs, a look at
Try:
Try:
With as f:
=0
as
Print str
as
Print str
In an if to unavailability of would within io similar to io many standard and import to a
can at by putting standard as shown:
Try:
With as f:
=0 Printb
as
Print str
would show and program runs.
using in our python program, during of program, an was and it was only
half in this will can up such using finally, a look at following
Try:
= 'r')
Try:
=0 Finally:
0 as
Print str
If, during of an occurs would on block finally.
wrong within an application, it is to if know of an occurs, can information to python a and library, a look at how to in python.
Import logging
# log
Logging.basicconfig = 'app.log', = logging.info)
Try:
Logging, info ('trying to
= 'r')
Try:
Logging, info ('trying to
=0 Finally:
0 as
+ str
As in first to import python log library and with log and log log info, warning, and critical, to log to info; info and logs will
In had a program so it was to out had but what do do it to program in such a stack in finding of stack may as shown:
Import logging
# log
Logging.basicconfig = 'app.log', = logging.info)
Try:
= 'r')
Try:
=0 Finally:
0 as
(str
If you try to run program an occurs, following is in log
root: 2] no such or
(most call last):
7, in
= 'r')
2] no such or
Python
Contributions of python to
Python is a programming that can also to and knowing how to program and applications is synonymous with and a job gap. is in and of placing in this of it is of that many to in this
Python day by a sign of quality and good usability by with this thus,
programming in python is of skills most sought by of such as spotify, and pixar. choosing python you not into a of it is an as as its applications, with a good study on python, you will to from scratch with all its from to a platform with products on
Python has at of sitting down to of
for python
A is a of that you and you build a you always a of similar a way to login, logout), an administration for your forms, a way to upload luckily for us,
long ago that always building so and built (such as django) with so that do not to and that can building a
To what for, to look at how work, first thing is that to know that you want a to you. a mailbox (port) in which is constantly looking for incoming this is what a and a to but to to and us that a at a it is to which to find out what is actually a first and try to out what to do with it. this part is by url of our
that a is url - uniform locator, so url this isn't smart - it a list of and to match url. from top to bottom, and if it to function (which is a postman
carrying a walks down and with on if it
All cool things in function: can look at a to find information, to in data, a
saying, my job can if you to do so, your job and a a and django can it to this is a bit simplistic, but at you don't to know all just having a is than
a python out but of
Using django
will focus on introducing to in python in django this you that is:
is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is:
is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is: is:
Any on and it can in almost any format (including html, rss json, xml, you is on django! it options for almost any functionality you want it can to if
Django origins
Django was initially 2003 and 2005 by a that was for and maintaining to and many common and this common a which was known as "django" in
july 2005.
Django to grow and from its first of (1.0) in 2008, to of 1.11 (2017). has
functionality and bug ranging from support for caching to addition of functions, and display (which amount of to
Django is now a thriving with thousands of and contributors, it still has
that its origin, django has into a that is of any of
Django
show main that in almost all applications: url mapping, and just a things that django including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including:
including:
including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including:
including:
including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including, including. including: including: including: including: including: including:
including:
including: including: including: including:
including:
including: including: including: including: including: including:
including: including: including:
Virtual
Django it to up your so you can start applications, this what you out of and
an of of your startup and configuration options, it of installing django on mac os x and windows and how you can it.
is an installation of django on your local that you can to and django apps to production main tools that django a of python scripts for and working
with django along with a that you can to locally on your not on a django
applications with your
you install python3, you a global that is with all python3 you can install you in your you can only install particular of at a if you install django in /
global you will only to a of django on this can a if you want to using of django but that on python / django run python applications within python virtual this django on django that you virtual python
that will to our virtual in (mac os x) and (windows), which in turn tool a for managing on all platforms.
Mac os x
Install in using pip3 shown in following.
Sudo pip3 install
add following to of start of your startup is and it's in your
= /
= / usr / bin / python3
= /
startup by making following call in
At this point, you should a handful of scripts starting to run. you should now to a virtual with command
Windows
Installing is than starting you don't to tool information is a all you to do is run following command in command
Pip3 install
And you can a virtual with
Taking of virtual
you or working with virtual is similar on all platforms, now you can a virtual with command as this command is you will that starts up (what you will is slightly command is virtual will - you can it of prompt will of in (as shown
Running with / usr / bin / python3
ubuntu ubuntu :
you virtual you can install django and start just a commands you should
know about in tool's but you will
Django installation
you virtual and callworkonto into it, you can pip3 to install django.
Pip3 install django
You can that django is by running following command (this that python
can find django
# mac os x
Python3 -m django
1.11.7
# windows
Py -3 -m django
1.11.7
works, but it's not fun. a is to a and if it works, to do this, in your command to you want to your django applications, a for your and to it.
Mkdir
Cd
You can a using tool django-admin as it's shown in following, you can to
you will find main script for
Django-admin
Cd
can start from this using and command as shown.
python3
no (0
You 13 migration (s). your may not work until you apply migrations for app (s): admin, auth,
Run 'python to apply
19, 2016 -23:31:14
Django 1.10.1, using
Starting at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit with control-c.
you running, you can by navigating to following url in your local http://127.0.0.1:8000/.
blog
will build a blog today to basics, first, will a django
Cd~//
Django-admin.py firstblog
Cd firstblog
Ls
What do do?
do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?
do? do? do?
do? do?do?
do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?do? do? do? do? do?
do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do? do?
do?
do?
Applications
of a functional for that, applications, applications that work is but a look at to a of django's
First, django is an mvc which stands for django to as an mtv which stands for it is a slightly approach than mvc, but similar, mvc is an that a to your
that is to data from that
django to dry, or don't philosophy, which you should that a task than for on our blog, if a function that a random from and this function on would not it it was it and it on
So how this to apps? applications allow you to your in a dry can contain
applications, application can part of using from this that if in that also a random function, wouldn't to it. could just import application from this of this, it is important that application has a if you all functionality of your app, and you to part of it again you to import it all. if you an for you wouldn't want to import all blog if you an app for function and an app for
blog publishing you can bits you
This also that within is if you want to modify a you don't to a you can to app and it without worrying about with anything
Python
startapp blog cd blog
Ls
Again, a _init_.py to it into a and and don't to worry about for now, but
two important, and parts m and v by mvc.
you want to that data, go through by calling on than running raw this is
django can programs, going to mysql today it is most and it is what most hosts if to switch to a in all will still valid! in if you to switch to or similar, you would to that your in that this all parts typing a url, it is through
scripturls that saw script of which obtains data from it, and it to a which is finally as a look at shortly, part, mainly html.
For a blog, will a of posts, with various for body author, of writing, an actual blog
From django.db import
Class posts
Author = = 30)
= =100)
=0 =0 Mysql
only a to a of first, mysql to run on our on a this wouldn't a as usually it with a it is to install, first, you to install and installation.
install mysql
mysql-python
full
Mysql -u root
password = password = 'root';
'root' a password
Flush
Mysql -u root -p #log in with our password
firstblog;
Quit
Python2.6
you mysql won't run, so you to do this in run mysql to start you can run
python2.6 in a tab to start
This command will not run it will just an that's to adjust our a look at
You must first configuration, start in
={
{
# add 'mysql', or
'firstblog', # or path to if using
'root', # not with
'Password': # not with
'Host':", # to string for localhost, not with
'Port':", # to string for not with
}
}
If you try to run again, it should work, you mysql if you visit 127.0.01: 8000in your you should django now turn our django into a blog, first, to our to in by running following command:
Python2.6 syncdb
you your you must run this command to that this cannot you can only add
so if you want to you will to do it manually with phpmyadmin. this is our
first running command, django will all built-in for things admin just and fill in your now urls.py.
Url (r,A=
Now, to to
From django.shortcuts import
From import posts
This so do it. a in your application blog and a which can simply contain world" for now. to config so django knows this is
105 is for so adjust it this:
=( "blog /
# put strings "/ / html / or "c: / www / django /
# always forward on windows.
# don't to paths, not paths.
) If you run again and in your you should a world" now can start our blog,
will add html for
html>
lang =
= "utf-8" />
= = "css /
= / favicon, ico" = "shortcut icon">
first blog
class =
first blog
on by author
body
If you and you should that has with this is to add dynamic from to this,
django has a that allows you to with of your to look this:
class =
first blog
on by {{author}}
{{body}}
can pass to from a dictionary of
From django.shortcuts import
From import posts
={ 'my first post',
'Author':
'18th 2011',
'Body': ipsum dolor sit adipiscing cursus dui, ut nisi just dapibus quis at,
porta pain, ligula. convallis turpis. non fair.',
}
and and you should that you now to a from your last is to data from our and pass it in can do all of this without sql using django's to add our application of blog to our first blog changing go to on 112 and add to list 'firstblog.blog', to for you to add data from
From django.shortcuts import
From import posts
= ()[: 10]
{'posts':
to this information.
class =
first blog
{% for post in posts%}
class = "post">
on by {{post.author}}
{%
can all data in our in only first pass this data to go through inputs, and display data with html of our this will not work is nothing in stop and run:
Python2.6 syncdb
This will add for our posts to a tab and
Mysql -u root -p
your password, and run:
into blog_posts (author, ('bob', world', ipsum');
Go back to tab and run again, and you should a blog post with fictional you just if you run mysql command a you should posts on you
Django administration
last thing to do with this is to out django admin this is a in django that allows you to your without writing any just you would if you building a from scratch, to it, to first, 4, 5, 13, and 16 in urls.py, so you can administration
go to from and
'Django.contrib.admin' and 'django.contrib.admindocs', to allow administrator to control his of publications, a in of blog and add following
From django.contrib import admin
From import posts
(posts)
Run python2.6 syncdb again to add for admin and if you visit 127.0.0.1:8000/admin now in your you should a login
you you ran command syncdbto login, you should a blog, with a caption for of publications, you can this to and blog posts with a that's all you to
do. you just a fully functional blog, to finish this going to how to install
django on a
Installation on a
Most run scripts in various using cgi. django can run on fastcgi and also cgi, but this is not officially and would too slow for a production you will
to if usually found a such as "cgi and scripting support."
If you vps hosting or lucky to a your is so much usually with python and from you just to follow through to a local copy of django running, if you don't python, you can install it with a your can with django.
Ssh
Tar xzvf django-1.3.1 .tar.gz
Cd django-1.3.1
Python install
you django on your upload you just using any you can put but out of or
will to of your i for all my
a mysql 'firstblog' on your and run syncdb again, you will to your account for admin control but this is a thing, if you try to run this, you may an and
that's for from your local you may to password but on your configuration, you may as is your
To run this command is slightly you must an ip and a port so that you can
Python 0.0.0.0:8000
If you visit your in a on port 8000, you should your
Final words
In industry, a known as has gaining this is a that proclaims to of a program, which admits to of distribution, and modification, in words, this
could for any run in any at own and if programming basic tool for building programs, as and for a pick and for a python has gaining in such as and to its simplicity and ability to focus on
Although this book is not for programming at a can work, both financially
and and smart programs for to is a activity, your or digital assistant usually contains many programs to groups of of for your and all do to adapt to your and you with a satisfying you a its for your
writing programs is a and activity, you can programs for many ranging from in solving a data analysis to doing it for fun of it by a this book that to know how to program and that you to program, you will find out what you want to do with skills, python is a that should know, it is straightforward and and syntax, dynamic typing, of and of among an application in python fast, and, what is important, fun.
Python's syntax is so and to natural that python programs look for this it is also of to start programming, python is, not for programming or applications, in of python yahoo, nasa, light & magic and all linux distributions, in which python an of programs, always a programming has from about philosophy of and its own which and of its programs with this but this and to in and writing python programs, for now, in this book,
many in which can that python is of programming with growth python is, statistically, of programming that has grown most in and in to program with python, in fact, who it programming of a situation that to a for this is
just of of a python a python is not only to job but us, you going to it is also about working and in an programming that you will you about it. you to programming or a looking for python is for you.
Programming is by many a form of art, and all art, it a that allows you to in way you want, python is canvas that allows you to in a and way, in an
algorithmic way. its applications, both in and will allow it to its popularity and adoption this information, to community of around world, many or not, in taking first in world of programming in a python without a doubt, of variants.
has not it has only just this book is a tool with of taking you by hand on
your as a from day to a solid, and lasting of that will in your it is in any in world of programming, that you can always consult this information again and that a community of with as you is waiting to you to you and
Pi
Introduction
pi is a low-cost, that a and and to a monitor or tv. it is a that allows individuals of all to programming and how to program in such as scratch and python, from surfing and watching to making and playing sports, it
can do you'd a to do.
In addition, pi has to with world and has in a broad of including music and
to stations and want to all world pi to to program and how work.
pi is of a of by uk charity pi foundation, which aims to kids in and it for to
pi was in 2012, and and variants original pi had a 700mhz cpu and just 256 mb ram, and a 1,4ghz cpu with 1 gb ram is for for pi, main point has always 35 and all 35 or including pi which is just 5.
In to programming skills, do automation and in industrial applications, all world pi.
pi is a running linux, but it also a of gpio (input / output pins that allow you to physical computing and of things (iot).
What would you do with a pi?
To to buy a pi, and who to pi to to for physical of using a pi will up for you to build your own automation which is common with in community it puts you in
pi and pi to try
buying a pi and imagination run wild for wanting to about and tiny
what you can do with it, it's a fairly product, it can coding or a for programming, as such, individuals to a of and functions, from school kids to
By 2015, than million had sold, according to pi foundation, making it of
british in schools kids, or can skills, it is common.
it's also a nifty for partly to its portability and but it only to show how
good it is. it's a path into robotics, and a of skills for morally sound which
would cost thousands of pounds in tuition
If you looking for inspiration to start your own pi you to right spot, to you of around.
Build a box
pi's portability and affordability has it a common for and paying to hack into it's for with it has a built-in port, minimal and ability to run any linux program.
Kali, a linux distribution that is for hacking is program of for trying to pi in this way. for pi, a of kali, and installing it is
Not only can you it in your you kali you can also it as a to play around with tools without causing harm to your primary as always, you should only hacking that you authorization.
Host a pi platform for
To with pi, hosting your own is a you can how to work with mysql, php, and applications, as as of with linux, by running a
Not just that, but you'll also a functioning at of it, which you can to host your own if you want it to a you will to a domain but it's a to stuff such as cvs, artistic portfolios or as basic as a blog.
Install windows 10 in full on pi 3
For installing microsoft's on pi 3 b or b+ boards, you can windows on arm (woa) on github. on pi only windows iot but this windows 10 os functionality.
on github, is for of and and woa kit.
Run iot for windows 10 on pi
Would you to run windows 10 of things on your pi? with windows 10 iot will run a back of
running full of on pi b+ would fantastic, with only 1 gb of ram and a 1.4 ghz it
windows 10 iot a basic of microsoft os to run on platforms, it's a iot app that a uwp app to run at a if you want to your and is you don't a
First of all, you'll a pi 3 and a microsd card, plus a microsd card on your
windows visual studio, sdks, add-ons, and also this may a lot, but not going to to too much to start running windows 10 iot
you'll to up pi card that using, with out of box program (noobs) you can
this build a card using microsoft's iot dashboard from a windows pc or
laptop.
You can now broadcom pi 2 & 3 and os build options (windows 10 iot to up a password, pick a wi-fi and install os on card.
Install this into your pi and to boot of windows iot on your
up pi as a for vpn
A vpn you to your so that you download or in your actions can not vpns can also on standard and using a such as pi, is of pi vpn programs including vpn, butt, ipvanish, and
But what brings this to is using your pi as a vpn to a vpn hotspot to any on your from transmitting information about your link it to your by
downloading a on pi, and your will until it
To up your pi as a vpn install raspbian to command first, and you can install a vpn using pivpn script to your communications, as your vpn using although it can also with lots of
Part i:
board
Pi
Pi
pi is a of small by pi foundation in kingdom to in schools and original much popular than for such as robotics its (such as and and not in official and unofficial
Two arms company pi. first two by pi foundation, foundation pi trading
launch of pi b. upton was at third b+, was by foundation, pi trading is for growth, foundation is an charity in schools and that supports of basic
What's about pi 4?
Support for dual display (4 k): you can now attach two displays to this
with this and that is also in 4k.
a and ram with pi 4, which you a
Fast gigabit along with on-board and with pi 4.
Ram: pi 4 in 3 variants: 1 gb, 2 gb, and 4 gb.
Usb 3: pi 4 has usb you can find two usb 3 ports along with two usb 2 ports, which can data up to
• broadcom bcm2711, 64-bit soc 1,5ghz (arm v8)
• 1 gb, 2 gb or 4 gb lpddr4-2400 sdram
• 2.4 ghz and 5.0 ghz
• normal 40 pin gpio pi (fully backward with boards)
• 2 ports for micro-hdmi (up to 4kp60
• mipi dsi display port
• mipi csi port
• audio and
• h.265 4kp60), h264 1080p60, 1080p30)
• graphics from 3.0
• micro-sd card slot for loading and data
5v de via usb-c (minimum 3a *)
5v de via gpio (minimum 3a *)
• hat
• of 0 to 50 c
* if usb than 500ma in total, a good quality 2.5a supply can
Configuring pi 4
What going to
A supply: in is a usb port, with at 3.0 a of you a supply.
Micro-sd card: you will this to your and raspbian os. minimum is 8 gb. micro-sd cards with raspbian os so to go.
and you a usb and a usb to pi 4. both mandatory for first installation, you
can also and it up.
Tv / you a tv or and a to and monitor to display within pi 4 can it if your
display has it. a micro-hdmi port is port you will micro-hdmi if you a particular such as hdmi, dvi, and vga if your monitor supports vga, for a vga-to-micro-hdmi with it. you will to your vga this way.
up pi 4, basic add-ons including a / and can also
Configuring sd card
You should do it if your sd card not raspbian using a laptop with an sd
card slot is you to do. many of laptops this
way is by using noobs to install raspbian
Why pick a pi?
Virtually anything can a pi. what can it for you?
That's of it: a pi that is for you, a or a a kodi or can put on your with a clicks and a microsd card, pi can an with only a know-how. and link to
smart monitoring strips, and with pi. it's truly up to you!
Link to pi 4
Install in mini all to that must in a
First, micro-sd card into of pi 4 slot, your usb port and attach it to pi 4 usb port, in way. that your is into a and on. a micro-hdmi to tv / monitor to your laptop, or an if a micro-hdmi into pi port hdmiO. attach an to a wifi or a broadband to pi 4 to via if your has in it, pi will it. you can audio such as and by through a jack if you do not want to or no on your monitor.
Booting pi 4
This not a button, so it boots up as soon as you plug in supply and turn it on.
You will light in unit glowing, this is a sign that is to you will soon on of
your as it boots up.
raspbian will a of
Finishing configuration
You will to pi pop-up you launch your pi 4 for first this will you into initial configuration.
To start click country, and again, a password, to a wifi by choosing its and a password, allow wizard to for and install this can a to or
apps
I of pi 4 by now. now us a look at of this cool
1. motion stop
You know in with stop motion, a pi 4 and a will to build your digital stop motion
of a is you'll a python, a tripod and a it will and for satisfactory
To mount a button, you will a you an button that can to gpio of pi), and a python script to snap
2. on
your pi 4 can now to host a it can also host your blog.
two ways for this to install both and its or a full lamp stack, with php and
mysql. it is to up an ftp.
You can add html to \www\ and your is or a particular can
3. monitoring platform for
Do you want on your to you thinking about
approach for you, is to a tool for monitoring, on many of is nagios tool, which is to install and run. you can monitor and display visualization of
with nagios tool, simply flash your disk onto sd card on your pi 4 to it.
4.
on is way to of a pi 4.
A usb is for
with your built with libav-tools kit. is a tutorial on pi 4 for a on you can visit it for
5. howto
of its main motivations was to kids to this was in 2012. it is not just who
can to in-built coding tools on pi 4 can also by adults and
In raspbian, many of which programming skills, most important, is
scratch.
Scratch is a programming tool to all which avoids of input, you simply
drag commands into in you can impact of your commands and as a program to run.
Scratch is to control lights in gpio of pi and to program basic
pi looks a to chips and ports you would to if you your and at its boards), but it has all you to and start computing input, output, and
on pi board:
Arm cpu / gpu — this is a soc (broadcom bcm2835 on a chip) consisting of a unit (cpu) for arm and a graphics unit (gpu) for 4. all computations that a work (taking input, doing calculations, and output) by cpu and gpu output of graphics.
gpio — input / output link points that allow opportunity for hobbyists to
• rca — an rca jack analog tvs and similar output to
• audio output — for audio output such as or this is a jack, no audio going in.
• — for all light of your indicator.
• usb — this is a standard communication port of all (including your and a has and two for b. if it has its own usb port, you can a usb hub to of ports or plug your into your
• hdmi — this allows you to an hdmi to link up a high or unit.
• — this is a 5v micro usb supply that can to your supply.
• sd cardslot — this is a slot for your sd card, you an sd card with an (os) to boot from for but if you a linux and you can also download an os and it to card
• — this allows to and is on b only.
Many of missing such as wifi and audio, can as by using usb port(s) or a usb hub.
and its
pi 3.4 by 2.1 (8.6 by 5.3 but for such a tiny unit, it's strong, availability of and compact for which to cram a amount of and capacity into a small with ability to cool and not suck too quickly, this
For this foundation a chip with an arm (a for and similar chip has a ram of 256 mb, runs at 700 mhz and a gpu that is 1080p although arm chips in part of upton's with works for group a broadcom chip, ability of broadcom to a bulk for small foundation to a much on this chip than on of any
unit without or many of and will to for input, output, and you'll at an output tv or display, an input (and probably a an sd card to hold os and data, a supply, and any for you can an hard but it will also an sd card, as os will boot from sd by
all linux distributions, for its low linux was at partially, making it to run a
fully functioning os on such a that is of built-in. as a cs tool, linux is also usually and has its with programming
As hop on bandwagon to of linux will in of applications, pi foundation’s original goal was to build both and curriculum around it, but organization
to its down, focus on and by an and willing programming community.
programmability and simplicity of pi it similar to of that so many and
hobbyists, but this can for browsing, it to find things to do with than back in day. on pi is an forum, and tutorials and of to you will a b or an wifi via usb.
Distributions of linux for pi
With arch linux arm and 14 distributions, linux oss for pi continuously but four of linux for download from pi as of august 2012
• raspbian — is an unofficial port, this is for linux it has a graphical gui for gui, a browsing midori various programming tools, and
• soft-float — almost similar to raspbian this a binary (abi) soft-float application than raspbian hard-float, slowing but compatibility with that not with hard-float abi.
• arch linux arm — this os has most but of lack of a gui, it is not linux
• qtonpi — this is a kit (sdk) linux to build applications through qt 5, a rapid for apps, and applications.
Why pi and not anything
pi has a but foundation individuals to so might not right word, and pandaboard (which both and also non-profit organizations, but with aims from pi foundation, adult and pandaboard aims to a platform.
pi, arm both boards and of hd but and link (board bits that can by
additional on and pandaboards than on pi, and both following not part lists, but that vary from pi:
and
• running on from 600 mhz to 720 mhz on and 1 ghz on xm.
• 128 mb ram on original but on boards, 256 mb and 512 mb ram,
• dvi-d display
• audio (not all audio out) in and out
• usb port and four xmm usb ports
• from usb and de
• no rca or hdmi
• pandaboard & pandaboard
• arm a9 also by on pandaboard at Ighz and on at 1.2 ghz
• 1 gb of ram
dvi-d display
for led
• usb port and two usb
• with wifi and
• from usb and de
• no rca
pi has two for it was to a full that functions, an os-containing sd card, attach and and it's to go. for initial and pandaboards to to a host and
similar a know-how to fully
a lot costly than pi. in april 2012, two main 125 to 149, and 174 to 182 for
two pandaboard a far cry from pi's 25 and 35 that's not to for you. and which fits your pi to computing to its functionality and
for wishing to programming on tools
Olpe, from cotton, and arduino
including olpc laptops, cotton candy stick and arduino boards, laptop child (olpc) is a organization that to in nations with laptops, running at 1 ghz, xo-1.5 has 1 gb of ram and 4-32 gb of flash it runs a linux distribution, much pi.
cotton candy is a that can transform a monitor into your tv, pi. it has a 1.2 ghz arm a gpu arm mali-400mp, 1 gb of ram, a slot for sd cards, wifi, an hdmi port, and usb it runs linux and virtualization for android or ubuntu for oss. it is for or than programming pi.
Arduino boards boards with of and built in. can to construct with such as motors or blinking lights to physical and can in combination with such as pi. will anybody want to a robot?
What pi 3's
• broadcom bcm28377
• 1.2 ghz 64-bit arm a533
• 10/100 (lOOmbps max throughput)
• usb: four usb 2.0 with data of 480mbps
• microsd card or via usb
• 802.1 In lan (150mbps transmission / throughput), 4.1 In
graphics: 400mhz from iv
1 gb sdram lpddr2-900
• 40 input-output pins for
• hdmi port
• audio: 3.5 mm audio output jack and jack
• with a (csi)
• (dsi)
How can i my pi 3 to most?
It's good to a to pi from harm, particularly if going to bring pi you may also in a micro sd card, as if is important to you.
Although pi can run a of official raspbian is a good option if and having to
most out of pi, bundling a fast and a of and programming applications.
You can also go to and 'sudo raspi-config' if you not raspbian os using
noobs and running out of and option root partition to fill sd card' to that you using all on card.
with pi
Pi drawbacks
you want to pi's or a that you might want to pitting your wits against.
1. building a basic buggy robot
A introduction to pi world is this buggy robot, this will any pi how to a
small robot with python commands that can
You will
• how to up an board with two
• how motors can using python
• how to a chassis for a robot
You will
• pi 3
board of motor
2 x 3v-6v de
•2
• and
•ball
• from or
• a usb pack of
• for
2. a bat
For who bats and pi, fun in this you will how to construct a to you a bat."
You will
• how to a
• how to up an ultrasonic
• how to of ultrasonic
how to a small motor using width modulation (pwm)
why functions can to abstract
You will
• pi 3
• ultrasonic of
• vibration
• 1 1.2k (or
• 1 of 2.2k (or
• 1x
• 6x
• 2 x from
• 6 x for
3. a smart mirror
You will opportunity to your own smart mirror in this applications and to such as local or anything you can shown in your mirror.
is also modular and can around or hung on a wall with
You will
• 1 x pi 3
• 1 x monitor (or old display)
• 12 ft-lx2 12 ft-lx3 1 x wood
• 1 x hdmi with low
• 1 x 18-24" acrylic mirror, 1 mm
4. an automatic
Why not a pi to for you if up with to your indoor plants with your you will to do just that in this
On this will you how to and light your plants by a you'll to your plants again.
You will
pi around 1
12v pump 1
• tubing, 1/8-inch id, 3/16-inch od
• 5v grow light to 1
• irlb8721pbf • 2
• m4 bolts + nuts x 4
• m3 bolts + nuts > 2
• m2.5 bolts + nuts > 2
• 1
• 12v supply ~ 1
5. a for pi
You may want to this if you familiar with pi you can your own which is by your own pi
To build you'll a parts than apart from a pi 3, navio kit, and for info, out full
6. your own
For pi this will your skills to max. this will show you how to a your own
This to and parts to it for as as 160.
You will
• b of pi
• pitft 320-240
• of 2500mah lipo
• gsm / gprs sim900
• 3.3v to 5v la dc-dc boost
7. using a 4 to a laptop
Last, but by no is this but pi using cardboard and pi 4, you can a laptop.
It's a hands-on than on list, but your will brought to
This configuration a 4 gb pi 4, a a pcb, and a 7-inch monitor, naturally, you may to suit your own and
Pi
pi has its way into computing hobby but it is still for and for a compact and an low draw, small form factor, no solid and it an solution.
I playing with a pi b) running various gnu / linux distributions i to it for a spin and what i could throw at it, pi is a i was in it's so good that i to try it
up with as a mini in doing so, i up with a list of that i
1. consumption, pi draws about to watts of this is around of what could found in a similar box. night and day on an ongoing basis, savings can add up. i that pi (pi board, and supply) would pay for if it is to run 24/7/365, with around worth of savings, i up with a and high quality canakit basic kit (asin # b00dg9d6ik).
2. no moving parts . pi an sd card for that is fast and has no moving parts,
no or things to think about as to cards, a class 10 sd card is typically but this will primarily only impact boot is most i / o. is a compatibility chart for sd cards can but cards a good i had good luck.
3. small form factor, you can hold pi (with a in your hand, it is for a similar box. this that pi can also into
4. no at all. pi is
5. status lights, on pi's status lights, you can nic disk i / o, status, with a
6. for pi, all at from an i / o board (gpio) to a two usb ports in pi, but can by hooking up a usb hub.
7. built-in graphics of hdmi. display port on pi is hdmi and can up to 1920, which is for, for turning pi into a box. for backwards compatibility, that can to vga. it is to find a list of hdmi to vga i up using vga (asin #
b0088k7quq) sanoxy hdmi that has so far
8. pi b) for at to similar it is of which 512 mb of ram in its class, it first pi
has down in and is as a hobby, or is.
9. support for community, pi has community support, can for and/or gnu / linux that, on gnu / linux distribution runs primarily on pi in forums, it is to find a good list of distributions
10. functionality, if with program pi may but this is at cost of doing so.
11. on an sd card it to switch sd cards running gnu / linux distributions to adjust pi quickly and if you want to up pi to it as a try just swap sd card and a backup of sd card can using 'dd' command on a gnu / linux and if
With all good stuff about pi, a minor
1. arm arm is a highly and it is not x86 and it is not for any to run on x86 to run on pi. good is that for arm gnu / linux distributions and all applications x86 is which runs windows programs, is only that i found so far to a work on pi.
2. ram. main pi to including 512 mb of ram. this is not a as gnu / linux can
run on it. found that a small pi around 100 mb of ram (without xl 1 running).
Pi
pi runs gnu / linux and similar windows running is not such a story; so many with running windows on pi, so windows was impractical.
pi is a board that can for tasks, such as sports, word and hd playback, it was in uk by pi foundation. 2012, it has for public consumption with of giving and a low-cost pi board main aim is to and innovation for at school compact and low cost of pi board, maximum of pi in is growth of computing in its 2nd is high, a significant of which is by arm is by 98% of
all
Pi
pi is in two a and b. primary distinction a and b is usb port, a board and an port is not b board, contains an port in china, in 2014, foundation of pi
board which packs a b pi board into a for as part of to its pi with a of communication and
of pi
A program (ram), and graphics chip, cpu, gpu, port, gpio pins, uart, and in
pi board, and for that it also mass so an sd flash card for that, similarly, pi board can boot from this sd card a pc boots from its hard disk.
Sd cards containing linux os, us display, supply, and mainly important of
pi board, usb usb hub, link, and a or b optional a usb wifi adaptor is and lan is for to b.
About
Aboard's pi is with 256 mb of sdram and 51 mb is for b. to pcs, pi is a
small pc. of standard pc ram is but ram is than 256 mb or 512mbb in pi board.
Cpu unit of
unit is brain of pi board and is for carrying out logical and of's instructions, pi arm 11 which has Samsung galaxy ranks.
Gpu (unit for graphics
gpu in pi board is a chip to up calculations this board is to support gll with a broadcom iv.
Port of
pi port is primary for communicating with additional pi port is to plug your to
Pins from gpio
In pi, input & output pins to with boards, pins can input & output commands on pi programming, pi gpio digital pins, pins to for to digital data, you can link it to
is for on pi board.
to
A small switch is a that is on of an is main of
IJart
A input & output port is a asynchronous this can in form of to data and is for
Displays
pi board's link options two hdmi and led and hd tv monitors can with an hdmi and a low-cost adaptor, hdmi 1.3 and 1.4 and a of 1.4 is pi audio and
o / ps by hmdi but do not support hdmi i / p. tvs can using audio is from
3.5 mm jack using a link and can to your you a which adjusts from 3.5 mm to rca to audio to your tv.
pi board a
A broadcom (bcm2835) soc on chip) board is pi board, it is with an
armll76jzf-s cpu, 256 mb sdram and 700 mhz. pi usb 2.0 ports only options for data micro usb draws its from board, with a minimum of 2
(500 ma) watts, graphics chip is to of calculations, this is with broadcom iv which is if you want your pi to run a and
pi a
pi of a primarily
• 256 mb of sdram
• usb 2.0
• for dual iv
• rca (pal and ntsc) out (hdmi) 1.3 & 1.4)
• jack 3.5 mm, hdmi, audio out
sd, mmc, sdio card slot on board
for linux
• total hd broadcom bcm2835 soc
• *8.6cm 1.5 5.4cm
cm
pi b board
A broadcom bcm2835 soc on chip board) is pi. a 700 mhz, 512 mb sdram and arml 176jzf-s cpu only data options for usb 2.0 port of pi boars, in pi in b is primary for with and this draws its with a minimum of 2.5 watts
(500 ma), from a micro usb chip for graphics is to manipulation of calculations, this is with broadcom iv which is if you want your pi to run a and
up & launch your pi
With an sd card, pi board this slot allows us to an sd card and our can it. sd card is a pi board unit a hard disk, linux you to is into card, pi supports for linux, qtonpi, arm, and mac. iso can you will to it to an sd card using
program disk such as an usb hard disk or a usb may also brands of sd
cards that in various on pi supports a maximum sd card of 64 gb.
going to to a monitor, a pc you start your pi. it supports o / ps, such as hdmi and dsi is for dsi it can sold with or without an sd card you a pi board, it is a important pi board it and if sd card didn't with your pi,
minimum you could is 4 gb.
of pi that it is small in and to traffic a on a low cost
Applications of pi
In many applications such as automation, car radio, robot cosmic hunting,
pi boards
Motor control on pi
main goal of this is to pi to of a de motor.
and
De pi tv or pc display, ic capacitors, and php program / pi.
Motor control block diagram on pi
To monitor de motor this a pi board, a de motor's is proportional to across its across motor accordingly as to run at by a must to pi board.
pwm width modulation) is at output according to and it can using php /
wiring pi. and according to so de motor will also for pwm signals and o / p to de a motor ic is to board.
Using pi, auto monitoring of
main of this is to pi to monitor automatic of
for and applications:
capacitors, pi tv or pc display, crystal, php or wiring pi
This many as that to hid lamps, of is also to a pi is by width modulation signals that a to turn to
of gradually from to day, particularly during hours, with maximum light and slowly of lights, in pi switching by width modulation is to across
List of on pi
• pi switching
• solar pi
• and Christmas lights music
•pi
• pi automation
• touch
industrial automation on pi using communication
with pi
• pi as a for fm
• robot arm control autonomous on pi with control
• gaming
Nostalgia for is and this (or old) has at of gaming first classic sold out. and atari both on and own. can 40 gaming 30,000 your lists, and play with up
to 5 with a pi. you can build your own full of your from past, using or
In to a (known as a individuals also pi. it is to pi 3 as an computing built
was a gchq-built 96 pi
How mini pc was brought on by pi
of for its is small, compact and low cost of a pi. this to compact and strong of that all of us should adding mini pcs to our
pi's in popularity many of a in mini pc of a compact, and bring in. a mini pc in a compact is a this up than a typical cpu various mini windows and
linux pcs, and a or a of can a contains a and a hard and ram must all you to a pack.
of a mini pc its usability to and to switch from to cost (you can find for about 300), and low consumption (you can find for about 300).
go-to for a has laptops and but is so much that can do. as a mix of both a laptop and a you can a mini pc. can comfort of a laptop, but a capacity and
For work and gaming, and many individuals mini-pcs. incorporating of all worlds mini pcs with
linux administration
An
Linux is an unix including linux on 17, 1991, it was initially by linus
torvalds. it is a and and gnu public can and to or
Linux was originally for and was on such as linux is also today in such as
controls for automation, tvs, digital linux’s is android it is on linux that runs on and linux has of all of android, linux is a linux distribution.
Distribution on linux
linux distribution is an consisting of a of linux applications, or you might that distribution linux and supports and and by installing of linux
distributions, you can a and distributions for various of such as around
600+ linux distributions and of common distributions for linux
• mx linux
• manjaro
mint linux
ubuntu
• solus
Linux
following to linux
1. is foundation of that is on linux. to with its virtual it common this it look as if is only on it is also duty of to avoid and conflicts various forms
• o monolithic
• o hybrids
o of
micro of o
2. library: particular of functions that to
3. this is a that from ambiguity of functions, it commands and functions of
4. this consists of all ram / hdd / cpu
5. utility: this with of an
Linux
Linux’s is that it is an that is this that is to and you can and to without
• linux is than any in of stability, this not that linux is 100% but it is than any it has so, anti-virus is not
• linux quick and
• various linux distributions to according to your or your
• linux is on to
• it has community support.
it stability, it slows down or and, a short is no to it.
it privacy.
• linux is much than that of this allows a of individuals to function at and it
• it is.
• linux's is strong, is no to install a full linux only
• a of formats with linux.
• installation from is and it can also on any including your old
• if it has hard disk it all tasks
Linux drawbacks
• it is not particularly so, for it can frustrating.
• to windows, it has
Linux basics
Basic linux commands:
You to command first on to list of commands, out this cli tutorial if you still about although can vary on distribution that using, command can
typically found in
is a list of linux basic commands:
1. command pwd
To find out of working you in, pwd command, command an (full) path, which is a path that starts with a forward slash (/) for all / is an of path.
2. command to cd
cd command to through linux and on actual working in, it full path or of
in / / and you want to go to simply following command in to do so: cd
is if, for in / / and you want to to a in this you must cd, by path of cd / /
To you shortcuts:
• cd . (with two dots) for to up
• cd to go to
• cd- to switch to your (with a
Linux's is on a you must as it is.
3. control Is command Is
For displaying a Is command is by of your working will shown with this instruction. Is, and if you want to of to of for Is / /
With Is command, variations you can
• Is -r can list all as as all
• Is -a
• Is -al lists and containing data such as
4. cat cat command,
of linux's most commonly commands is cat (short for it is in standard output (sdout) to list of a in to run this command, cat, by and of for cat
ways for cat command to
• a is by cat >
• cat > joins and output of two (1 and 2) in a (3)
• cat tr a-z a-z > output.txt to a to or
5. cp command
Copy from to a using cp command, for cp / / command a copy of in (from your
6. mv command
mv command's primary is to although it can to as in mv, to command cp.
you to mv, a for and a for mv / / for
linux command to is: mv
7. mkdir command
mkdir command to a and if you mkdir music, a music will
additional mkdir commands also:
• this linux command, mkdir music / to a within
• to a two p option, for mkdir -p a '2020.'
8. to rmdir
rmdir command if you to a rmdir only allows to
9. rm command
To and rm command is using rm -r if you only want to uninstall as an to rmdir.
with this cautious and which you in. this will it all, and is no undoing.
10. touch command
touch command allows you to linux command to build a blank for to build an html touch / / /
11. command
You can this command, much command in windows, to find a whaf s it will it by using -i along with this button, so you can scan for a if you don't
know its
an (*) to scan for a that two or words, for -i command will for any
containing words "school" and in or
12. find command
Similar to scan for and by using find as is, to in a you find command.
For find command will and its for a
By using variants
• to using
• / d to for to
13. command
is linux command that is for daily it you to through all in a for looks for word in will containing
14. command sudo
This instruction, short for do, allows you to tasks that or root using this
command for is not if you did anything wrong, it would for an to occur.
15. df command
Using df to a of disk consumption of shown in and kbs. df -m if you want
to in
16. du command
du (disk command is if you want to how much a or a of normal format, disk will disk block add -h to command if you want to it in and
17. command
To first of any command is it shows first by but you can this to your -n 5 for if you just want to first
18. tail command
This has a similar to command, tail command would last of a of displaying first tail -n for
19. diff command
diff short for of two it will output that do not fit also this of to program
Diff is form of this command.
20. tar command
tar command is a popular linux format that is to zip format, with optional, and is most command to into a tarball.
With a long list of functions, such as adding to an listing of an from an and many this command is
Introducing raspbian
Raspbian is a for pi of basic programs and which your pi run is an
raspbian, than just a os: it with than 35,000 of for quick installation on
your pi.
In 2012, initial construction of than 35,000 raspbian for on pi was
raspbian, is still with a focus on and of as many as
raspbian is not with of pi. a small, of who fans of pi pi foundation's and, of raspbian.
for
A that holds all data that is not within main or of a is an is to as auxiliary and or or and a or may an unit.
allows to data at a low cost from main or primary and of a it without having to up a
is mostly to information that programs running on a laptop, or such as an
android or ios or to.
An for pcs mostly consists of stationary or hard (hdds) or (ssds) to or through a usb or link.
An can as primary to via or for or as for backup and archiving or hdd, all flash and hybrid arrays, or a combination of protocols known as of (sans)
for and (nas) for
transport of data and is common for an unit.
vast of data to cloud, will also in a known as cloud it can hours or days to of of data a put data on an and to for copying locally, only data will through to cloud for backup, archiving or (dr) initial
account formation
You opportunity to build or accounts using you first using your hat linux installation, you can now do so if you not built at account (not including
root account), for you can avoid working in root account.
two ways to build and/or additional accounts: from a prompt or using graphical program.
To to graphically build a account:
1. pick applications = > = > & groups from main on by typing at prompt, you can also start
2. if you not in as a root, your root password will
3. window should click
install and uninstall
accounts that can in a to login, is by through a or uid. all information is in
/ passwd passwords in / shadow format.
On basis of of can into two
1. / root / administrator: all on can
2. standard
a is following actions by
• assigns a uid.
• as /bin / sh.
• build a community of
• of / to
• .bashrc, .bash and .bash logout to contain
of / passwd
Any can this but only root as a and for it. this is of following information:
1.
2. of password
• in this a 'x' that password is in
3. amount of id (uid)
4. community id of (gid)
5. of additional such as full or
6. of of
7. login
Pi shutdown
Pulling your pi’s will to corruption and that can your pi! will build a small push button in this that will act as an option for using gpio pins and will link it to our pi, and with a of will our own switch!
going to look at how to a button to pi gpio in a way. going to a python script that will shut down pi. up pi so that button will work all will final rolling!
You will
pi b+ (any pi will work, just gpio pins
• packs for /
• boards of
circuit
going to button to gpio pin 26 and ground to do this, this configuration is an low button, which that it will no or low logic button is on its gpio pins,
pi has pull-up so low wiring do not to install an
With wiring you as wrong pins will your pi. this is why got a now.
will
library button quick to programming of gpio on pi. it is library of so can
wait in human
os library us to shut down pi (you can also run any commands using this library!).
first build an with a button that us to with button, in our this gpio input that button to 26. this low buttons by so do not to anything
want this to run all so that it will still work click button a gaming to do this, build a loop that will run
loop, if first a button two), to wait for a to if button is still holding down.
last loop to wait a until button is again, so not in a hurry, so can wait for buttons, that you this wait without python running this script as quickly as and putting an load on cpu.
up
From of pi (and has its own and so i will that you using a pi 3 and running of raspbian os to things normal for this
All
1. with boot
This may to a of is usually by "on" (activity is "off or "on."
solution:
is by light on pi, so it is blinking at it pi is running, first you can it's off or not is pi's program is slot for sd card, of sd card, if things don't sd card to
os has and on it
I typically just format sd card in situations this, and flash it with os again, upload it into a pc and copy it out formatting if you data that you would to on sd card.
2. noobs os stuck on splash show
This is of why i am not a fan of noobs app for pi. pi's boot stuck on splash this occurs.
solution:
This can by formatting sd card and that it is to right noob try sd card or sd card on a pi if this work, if installing raspbian or distro might you
3. could not pi ssh
This is of a than a built into pi os. for a pi running a install of raspbian contact ssh is
solution:
pi you to ssh communication with pi to monitor, go to and pi
radio button in front of ssh configuration window
If running a pi in you'll to sd card, it into your pc, build an ssh, copy it to your sd card, and sd card back into your pi. you should to your pi via ssh
now.
4. board
This of pi at random and is off board is on.
solution:
This is basically a of control, for pi 3 a 5v, 2.5a supply to work so anything short of that is to its i on pi with 5v 1,5a, output on task that pi is
to to you pi to this
5. usb not working
This situations usb to pi not or not functioning by pi, as tag
solution:
could a bunch of stuff wrong
1. pi cannot and usb is to it. that your pi is
2. usb may to it works right, it with your pc or
3. turning it on, attach your to pi. although this probably shouldn't a pi will to do initialization for usb such as your and particularly if you it to pi for first solution, but occasionally works.
4. occasions to your pi, but for activity you trying to it for, it is simply not to confirm if this is from
Lsusb-t-t
This should you a list of your usb
5. with that usb is with running on pi on linux. has usb that pi list is and it should you your is
6. pi. starting any on pi, it is to run an or justification for this is to that you and apps running on your pi. at this may an for not as it should to commands.
7. show shown on from on # in particular, this most of to uk configuration of noobs and raspbian applications.
solution:
You'll to to that of your own or to this, this can by going to configuration of pi, and scrolling down to pick layout that suits your country of origin /
Go to and and if you with a display.
a layout and your layout from window.
6. not working with monitor, pi
So you could link via ssh to your pi, but you can't to it to function with an
hdmi display? two things you can do:
do an of your hdmi
• attach display to pi and, up your pi, (hdmi or vga) on monitor, your is on pi.
7. pi non-working
Most pi to function right out of box, and i had to this solution so much that
it probably a spot on this list.
It must on pi to to pi this should updating and upgrading pi.
To do this, start by running commands to and
sudo
Sudo
by:
Sudo raspi-config
This will configuration window for pi shown scroll down, pick your and
allow, go to and pi configuration if you with a monitor, radio button in
front of configuration window pi with it you should to your and now. if
you still to try a strip and
on how to pi pi and pi usb
8. blank or black with pi
This a situation a photo will to by pi but out.
solution:
As to on pi will and this is not first fix you can is to download and your pi
to and updating to
9. off on wifi
For wi-fi is an is to pi. this was to routing wi-fi and port as a for pi. a config ifplugd, which must if you want to wi-fi and at this
To do this, run:
Sudo rc
Or
Sudo
You should to both options at now, but do not this might as pi would a in this
10. hangs pi to password
This to a situation pi is hanging or password not by an to password of pi.
solution:
This is of indications that pi may not from supply or that supply much, it's as to fix this as switching supply to your pi or plugging it to port on your pc.
This is obviously not an list of that could find working with pi. this might
you a start on and our pi to using pi with cool applications.
you a that has days to to via
configuring
This book will how to a static ip for pi port, this it far to log into it you
will know what your pi's ip is. for pc / windows or not familiar with linux, instructions.
of raspian has (3/3/2017) by this configuration of has to dhcpcd.config vs
•pi
• switch
• from
• optional: usb for wi-pi wifi
1: configuration, click for pi from prompt or instruction, form 'ifconfig' command, will shown with this instruction.
2: configuration backup, if you to linux, it is a good to back up dhcpdc.conf
/ dhcpcd.conf sudo cp / dhcdcp.backup
This will allow you to roll back any modifications you
3: configuration
Modify for
You must dhcpcd.conf to up a static ip in to you may following command
to load into
Nano / dhcpcd.conf sudo
To an port to a static ip at top of
Static ip
10.11.44.14.14 static static
Static domain
(ip to ip that you want pi to carry, of to if your to domain Ctrl x has to and
4: launch pi again, pi. you dhcpcd you must pi to
5: configuration of a configuration "ping" command to that pi is on and that is still talking to
If you find it difficult to ping on try following:
1. confirm that pi and switch to
2. confirm of ip mask, and
3. if a windows is a ping from
You must on social if you want to and things or your comfort a quick shopping list to to your laptop with your pi:
• two 1 foot link if splits, always buy in pairs.)
• a (in this shot, i don't know why it is i got was black, you will find it in that color, i'm
• usb / this, but it in ipconfig as usb family plus, if you to plug in your cursor, additional usb ports.)
has difficulty into lists, this list, i'll to post my
1. using a straight link your pi using pc port, it ought to fairly obvious, to port to on pi. to things you "click".
2. for windows, click windows as using windows 10, and pick icon.
3. sharing and to click on & in you can tab on if you your in. click on it. should a on right with a link that says and sharing hub." click it.
4. modify for sharing wi-fi. wait, why am i playing with wi-fi i don't want
to touch it, i might it! that's what i do, but, contrary to what it sounds, for link sharing (ics) to work, you to your wi-fi sharing i ran into all kinds of things moaning about how had but nothing this is our wi-fi sharing to so that it its with as as that sounds, that's how it is click on and sharing hub"
you for "wi-fi", (it may an to what you to.) this should "wi-fi status" window.
5. wi-fi click button in 'wi-fi status' window, this should window for "wi-fi
6. modify for ics. just to what i said in 4, if you did in that to your undo it.) against common wisdom, going to to click on a that should click "sharing" tab in "wi-fi window, box for "allow to via link of this pick link from drop-down it. you can call your link as is is 2." "allow to monitor or a link" box. to 'wi-fi window, 'ok.' click in "wi-fi status" window.
7. your link on in and sharing window, as this is on (again, it could but it should "wi-fi" with this should a window status" or similar, click button for (or anything similar) should this up.
8. your for ipv4. with this cisco might knowing what it find protocol 4 (tcp
/ ipv4)" in window in "this link following things" if not, you will to your to it. it is on it or pick it and click button to protocol 4 (tcp / ipv4) window.
(i you don't to do that.) if had not of radio button "automatically an ip would as would option "automatically a dns now that following ip is and all "ip mask", and "normal automatic dns is in dns and following dns is "ip should contain 192.168.137.1 and mask" should contain 255.255.255.0.0.
portal" ought to blank, you want to this to 1.1.1.1 public dns and 8.8.8.8 public dns dns will null, can click 'ok' in window and click in status” window, could command prompt (cmd) and ipconfig / all to can also ping our link through ping 192.168.137.1 or ping pi via its such as ping assuming is of your pi (found using sudo
9. into your pi with ssh. this is usually using putty, i'm a fan of using to install that is on windows, though, install and in to install putty, i was
actually hoping to about how to ssh this in a post, i'll post a to that that's you should to ssh into your pi (ssh do stuff ping (ping it's than that, but this is i want to up.
For up with pi on pi os, a gui is you can up from command if you do not Pi
can at right-hand of bar via icon, if you a pi with built-in or if a is in, a list of will shown by this icon, as shown 'no aps ...' will shown if no found,
wait a and your should found.
that is on pi 3b+, which follows 5 g protocol for country has pi configuration program from to country pick localization, and
Wi-fi2 right-hand icons a is and an indication of its signal click to which you
want to a dialog box prompts you to if it is
a and click ok, wait a to that a is icon will flash icon will stop blinking it is
and display of signal.
tool for pi configuration
it to having to configuration tool, straightforward and most important part
of this tutorial:
1. is an icon in bar for ssh on pi or from raspbian
2. command that follows:
Raspi-config sudo
You will now to raspi config tool, so go through functionality now.
account
It is to find out about pi login through a you will probably only and password, so if you don't want to your pi, it's to password.
this to password for pi, and i highly that you do so. is pi password, so it's
to using this app, you can not any passwords.
Options for
This options to pi's
this option allows of pi to it’s if you pis and want to a distinction
Wi-fi: you can this to wifi ssid and if you found up wifi manually a frustrating from command this option is handy.
of this option to or by this option is off and should on only if you it. in our wifi is information about this
Options for booting
In raspi configuration tool, third how your pi will boot, option is to boot pi, which is not for most into (command to raspbian
/ cli: this you to to boot pi or command on your
Wait for a at boot: if you want your pi to wait for a at boot, turn on this function.
Splash to a graphical splash or to boot by if for can or you can link to log.
for
If you to of your pi layout, such as your or
for au. utf8 utf8 or gb. utf-8 utf-8 will your
if you wish to a pi this option, this will allow you to and it so that it is right for your to your simply follow prompts.
layout: it can a for this to load all layouts, you can pick layout it's in mind that uk is a from us layout.
Wifi country you can this, so it's as country in which you actually most nations that you can for wifi.
Options for
This allows of functions on pi to or
If you want to pi you will to it. go in and pick option to it.
If planning on following my pi tutorial, you'll
Ssh
This allows ssh to your pi to or this would allow you to your pi from a location, so it is to it if you don't on using ssh.
If you to pi on a public that you pi password so that it is not.
Vnc
of raspbian vnc so if you want to to to pi, that you switch it on.
Spi
It allows you to or spi by this allows a to so you and
i2c
Allows i2c to or so that i2c can
You can or allow and from link with this option.
If you plan on using dsl8b20 or that of protocol, switch on
Gpio
This allows you to control gpio pins and should only on if you know that it to on.
To out of it, you can your pi. for pi to off, and cpu sits at 700 mhz. you can, it up to 1000 mhz by using this on pi you can
You should also that will instability and your pi's as of pi, such as pi 3, also it
options
last batch of options in raspi-config tool options, and a if you do of pi, you probably don't to
to
pi configuration
you install raspbian, 'raspi config' tool is first thing you'll it allows to which would in linux world.
Why tool 'raspi config' first?
Tasks such as and or for your without dialogs in a no support for a
For pi and raspbian such as: ability to for your tv; split to / graphics card or your to it a allow ssh to among things, avoid booting into
tool for configuration
1. tool with raspi-config
your icon, this will prompt command, you can run configuration tool, you
will to an to do this:
Raspi-config sudo
You can not it for your password, if you a password and to submit it, you will shown configuration
2. for root
By raspbian root will 2 gb, so that as many sd cards as can match for it.
roots' option would allow to all if your card is upon using this option,
command will it can to run. to modifications, your
3. location
is and by your pi, but this normally has on what you it is also for any so if
at a it may irritating, you will by a wizard option, until building arrow to
you will to tzdata by you can it.
4. your pi
You can adjust your pi's clock and to many it can instability to clock and
at than so do it in small and good airflow around your pi.
Run this wizard again if you any instability and clock back down to
slightly until your is fully making this it is also to your shift to
5. modify split
Changing pi's split you to assign a amount of to or graphics it must 16/32/64/128/256 as you it.
32 mb gpu and 3d not for distro
• 64 mb gpu that playback or has 3d for
• 128 mb gpu for graphical applications and that play 3d or do
6. modify boot actions
raspbian distro will boot into a command by you must first log in as 'pi', you must a command to it know that that's what you want to do if you
want to run a window
This is not for a lot of command an option to start window automatically on boot, of this, to allow this by this to obviously, this can at any to to a login you to manually start:
Startxx
7. raspi-config
From to raspi-config tool this is to add functionality or patch minor bugs, until you start adjusting it's not a bad to run using tool, although it is much that it will to look or do stuff, it is not that may bug that might you to worry
though, you'll an trying to your copy of raspi-config tool, always try to that is to you.
Part ii:
Building a or productivity
pi: a pc
pi of how it a of kids to how it has to an influx of of all and how it is to turn any tv into a smart tv.
Though still a pi at hand to robots and cooking or just to a scratch a tv is always by at in building, it's to totally our to a 4k-playing with arrival of
pi 4.
Only pi 4 can at 4k, so which pi to it is important to this.
it was in 2012, pi has a option for it is and by an community, now that 4k is quickly digital standard, for 4k supporting is and luckily, pi 4 can this pi 4 by amount of ram 1 gb, 2 gb, or 4 gb. so, which should go for? both just
in our so go for you can afford.
with pi
Pi 4 flirc
flirc for pi 4 is a fantastic option and looks as part of any of aluminum and
to its own in this will look at
pi 4 official (in black and
official pi 4 particularly black and is always a good as it into any you can also hack to hold a tiny fan for cooling if
pi 4 aluminium
This is a giant of aluminum, which your pi 4 cool in it has a of colors: black, gold, and so if you want a if s a option.
pi add-ons optional
maxtor 2 tb usb 3.0 hdd
4k can and, if you a your will run out quickly, it would to an hard to your pi using usb 3.0 link to any lag.
shim pi fan
of pi 4 things can hot, particularly 4 k so a fan can things cool, to its and (no humming pimoroni 's fan shim is a python script is but with by pi's
gpio pins, it also "only works."
Hat pi tv
To allow dvr in kodi to watch tv, you can add a pi tv hat to your 4k if you for you may want to attach your principal this will your 4k a finishing touch.
Rii i8 + mini
If your tv not support which allows you to monitor kodi by using your tv this nifty is plug in your pi with usb switch on and that is it. got to with a mini and now.
pi as a productivity
pi’s as a it a good it can output as a typical or laptop, its low cost and to for any with
raspbian popular productivity as a standard, from pi this all that you would to find in a product such as microsoft word tool, and diagram or formula
applications, via you will much of applications as you can on any
pi can as a day-to-day for and school work, using any of in this locally
applications or not damaging its usability as a forum for programming and
A tip
It is a smart to of for and for graphics if you to pi as a productivity to 6, pi configuration tool,' to find out how to modify this division.
A broad of options now by cloud computing from basics of and capacity to natural and artificial and traditional applications, cloud can now almost any that you to physically to you using.
applications
What cloud computing
A of by cloud computing, this such as gmail or cloud backup of on your but also that allow corporations to host all data and all cloud apps. to run its and its on cloud as as a of organizations.
For many applications, cloud computing is option: gradually apps as than products as to to a subscription cloud computing, has a drawback, in that it may also add additional costs and risks for using it.
Why is it computing in cloud?
A cloud computing is that position of is to and many of such as or on which it runs, with this in mind, of cloud was from old of in which public (and was as a cloud to that it didn't — it was just a cloud of stuff, this, of is an position of and data a for many
What is history of computing on cloud?
2000s, cloud computing as a word has around, but of has around for much, much far back as 1960s, would to on a of purchasing
by of pc, which it much to own a and in turn by of data of data can by
But again and again, in application utility computing, and grid computing of 1990s and 2000s, of to computing has cloud computing this, which took hold with of applications such as amazon as a and cloud computing
How critical is cloud?
According to from ide, building to sustain cloud computing now accounts for than a third of all it as computing workloads to to cloud, on it to that
public cloud by or clouds by
Part iii:
Programming pi
an introduction to scratch
Scratch is on a graphical that it for syntax or ability to with first
programming is first and this is why providing a of functions still factor of usability, limitations, as following list scratch has of of programming paradigms.
Visual: all scratch for by an graphical of program commands via blocks, in
addition, can and via drag-and - drop.
nor an for scratch programming, scratch shows of programming with such as data to data through or polymorphism may data
programming paradigm is by of scripts that to you to program from scratch, instruction in which what acts to
: as soon as in its block occurs, any script that you in a scratch loading of a can also until of a particular by using a "wait until" block.
from scratch distribution of programs into individual that of programming.
following
of scratch is graphical that you launch via tab. you program all of your scratch applications into with of this
in this you can call up you can not only but also display all of scratch programming by doing so. in a "studio", of a similar
you to tutorials and that you your own particularly it to brainstorming, a link for downloading scratch (windows 10, macos, android) can also
found you to program without an
About scratch: if you click on 'about scratch' you will to scratch tab. you
can find links to information for and as as tips and a faq among
scratch scratch coding functions this
Scratch’s is of a building block for which is not so surprising of script you can also add and sounds to a in addition to scripts, which up most of functional which you can or via script, of scripts can by clicking on "add with, for a or a -
Tip
Scratch you a of sounds, and scripts that you can instantly into your if is not in you can also import or your own or sounds, your own scripts can as
bring and to
A or animation, or a basic comic, you would to program from scratch: and
building blocks for your plot, you can pick and any of graphics into your
tab. from options draw by hand, or import graphics locally, if your has a you also option of taking a
Scratch: for
or in various you option of of motion.
You can it if you a to do this, you can it at any by clicking bin icon) in and tools to colors, information with an add or warp it is also to transform
graphic to a or graphic, you can in which scripts as
Scratch: for
of in this scratch tutorial through its fill color.
a background" button on right of display, with this you background of your scratch ha own of stock or you can import your own or paint your
own background.
Scratch-tutorial: background
You can shift or in scratch coding using scripts, just as with and
Sounds and songs in background
right soundtrack is just as important as and for many artistic you and control all sounds through of programming with scratch, on as with
graphic you a of scratch sounds to you for this which you can through sound." on hand, is an opportunity to import or sounds, you a
to sounds using scratch
As soon as you button, of a scratch sound
In sounds can by clicking on thumbnail and in ways, you may, for cut out or or play among things, sounds through scripts into scratch sound a that you can assign in "sound"
Scratch-tutorial: window to a sound
Pick by button from starting point and dragging to if you want to out or
just
Scripts: of coding with scratch
It is important to handling scratch scripts in to program with scratch actual scripts is automatically, of it's an or a as soon as you drag blocks into your you should on individual and graphic and sound into scripts.
for all scripts that if you want your to a script, simply drag block into window, as script building to in scratch, or options to can on block and can
or as if such a script to an script, simply block as you would if a
scratch: display options and scripts
You can of your scratch at any in window and playback for
of scratch not in having to syntactic or a format, but in knowing scripts’ to optimally and
Programming with scratch: an of a
most important of this programming in of this scratch tutorial, scratch's should finally using a particular
In first by moving backdrop icon at of and clicking on backdrop," looking for a backdrop for our sky," which support without any
sky" backdrop of scratch
sky" scratch backdrop for our
in a of tab, "backdrops" tab can click on button on bottom right, with in
scratch with which motion can for "cat" is in "cat a" and "cat b" which back that cat is walking
Custom of a it to program from scratch for a motion
Scratch tutorial: of "cat"
You bring to with scratch programming by or
want to to main point in last of this short which is programming from scratch and making to following scripts from to right, for as long as you hold down "arrow to right"
if you click [ ]
Control: on [ ]
Look: turn to
Motion: moving at a
Assign with script, in of our "arrow to right" scratch tutorial, confirm via "control" script, if you "0.2" 0.2 will pass its which might normal to
motion "look" script that arrow "cat a" and "cat b" as long as you to right is using fourth script from "motion" standard 10 by us.
scratch: of scripts in a
For of this in this scratch tutorial or just as as small or for
Tip
of this coding can through of scratch.
Publish your own for scratch coding
You can publish your programming at any on scratch platform as soon as
you a and your own account, click on 'publish' button in bar to do this.
You can now modify and add or in launch window, if you shift to to on," you also shut down your
Introductions and (15
• facilitators
• that has to a
• login o: csv
• login or password: visitor2
commands introduction (15
1. launch scratch (start-> all programs or from main start will also right
2. that scratch is split into parts.
3. on right is first of and is this is in which in our programs will "actors."
4. a list of all actors in our programs is that actors in our programs and only actor at
5. for of actors, is a "script" / in this of is will work on this
6. is a list of commands on that can our actor to
7. commands in command list, to with, what doing?
8. discuss turn as
9. that it is to adjust in
Introduction to a command (15
1. many acts in a row that want to do. for might want to 30 forward and turn 45
2. drag blocks to "scripts" in and to run
3. what's
4. build a so a is drawn by your
5. to actually what you
Introduction (15 of
1. that you a you draw a a consists of four you go forward on and turn 90
2. can notion of of our blocks four
3. drag block out and of it to 4.
4. put of it a / turn
5. click on block and what that if you want to draw a trail, you down)
an introduction to python
What is python? python is a popular programming it was by guido van rossum in 1991. it is for:
• growth
• app production
• scripting
What is python of doing?
• python can to build applications on a
• python can apps to build workflows.
• python can to in it can and as
• python can big data and
python can for rapid prototyping, or for
And why python?
• python works with windows, mac, linux, pi,
• python has a plain syntax to of
• python has a syntax that to of programs than any programming
• python runs on an that as soon as it is can it that prototyping can rapid.
• python can in a way, an way or a functional way.
to know
most big of python is python 3, which going to in this tutorial, python 2, is still popular, not with anything than
Python will as a in this tutorial, in an such as thonny, pycharm, or it is to
python, which is particularly handling python
Python syntax to programming
Python was to and has to as to programming that or python to a command.
Using python on to such as of loops, functions, and for this programming also
of python programming
1. python is a
2. to python is to it is an and programming which that is to and thus to
3. cross-platform: python is and can run on such as mac, windows, linux, unix, this it a that is cross-platform and
4. python is a programming for
5. standard library: python with a standard library that has and functions that can in python writing
6. installing and using python is this that it can of and in your application, python for python is an of / (floss), which that you can and of this
7. supports handling of what is an an is an that during an to that can usual program flow, python handling of which that can and can situations that can an
8. supports and of lists.
9. automatic python supports automatic is automatically and you don't to think about
With python, what can you do?
You may what all python applications so many python applications, and of
1. is on python for such as django and flask, you to programming logic for map urls,
2. many applications for in python, is a way to logic so that a can on its own and a product on such as amazon, flipkart, for a algorithm that of of is facial and on your
3. data analysis: python can also to data analysis and data visualization in form of charts.
4. scripting: scripting small programs to basic tasks such as with
automatic it is also to such of applications in python programming
5. you can using python.
6. applications can built in python.
7. applications: you can such as or qt to build applications in python.
You'll psycopg2 python to to your from a python script, you can install it with pip.
Psycopg2 install sudo pip3
your python now and to to your
Psycopg2 import
= 'conn =
Oh, cur = conn.cursor)
* from individuals')
For
Run this to's output, that you'll to in string if such as adding a host ip, and password:
Conn = = pii(host=l 92.168.86.31)
= 'password =
To look up this you could construct a function:
__ II
$
From
Individuals mu ii
And which a
__ II
$
From
Individuals
=s
ninn
= (firm,)
Or a function to add
add company): add
into,
Individuals
s, s) s)
Pi
You can find pi in by installing raspbian on your pi. pi is a of popular
survival that aims to programming to
It's fun, of but it's not that to know and a community of found out how to install full of on your pi 2 or 3, as with all things pi.
a lot of and with and commands, as with all things pi. just you your and
you should okay.
in mind
stuff you should know you in:
You will to log-in for your mojang account, along with your you will a
paid for naturally, you can buy from
1.8.9 is to officially 1.9.4 on this can run with a quick running is not going
to on a 35 but it is
an hour to all up and running, is straightforward, you to copy commands from your and into command on you command in, and your pi of
Tips for as fluid as
tips to go as fast as
• 1 not to of pi 3. you can't pi 3 at pi 3 is actually out of box than pi 2's
• arrow on your 4 command to highlight options and highlight gl options, and allow.
• in 7 of that says to click you actually to click and first (and only) listing, to a drop-down and pick a build in mind, of is 1.8.9. that right now, and all works, can it.
• 10 you, without to "run.sh". to do this, your pi and right-click run.sh
You two distinct for launching you to "./run.sh" to start in that works, you will to "cd in window button, option is to run.sh, and "run."
Run most
All right, so you can start with installation you it up and running, you'll to in to jump to of
1. cd in window
2. first, java -jar
3. click button and to 1.9.4 (or most is).
4. and click on play button, forcing of to download.
5.
6. if you a two and a copy of run.sh in to any from " runcopy, sh." to
7. run.sh with a copy away by right-clicking on it and
8. on your ctrl-f, and in 1.8.9. two — and only two — should found, of
with of you in 3 should
9. and pi.
10. launch as you would usually and it.
Part iv:
hacking
to hack
As is with word has hacking was initially by a thirst to how things work and was out on that to mix a touch of chaos with of hacking and you up with who and of rights.
Mass on this notion and do not that much of today's hacking is by who in
rights and hacking skills to who to
Clifford stoll a administrator who to anarchistic of in non-fiction cuckoo's
during his in clifford a shift in his thinking and of administrator was but could not it.
Land is a pillar of civilization and is using a fabric of this is an in many and trust is in in than not, trust is not until
on highway of that but at 80 hour, it not from turning his hand in front of similarly, i'm that i a drink from it won't kill if it litigation, my family will
but i will still
In any if cannot trust fabric of trust and individuals stop constructing want
to you can't your and you can't it,
As an option that can without to rights and fabric of trust or and fabric of
trust and rights.
a that of (vs = 5v).
• a limiting (rl = x).
A that forward to fall = 2.0v for
• a land link.
What want to do is amount of that flows through circuit (i). 5ma (1 /4th maximum rating) should know of ohm? huh? v = ir? can r = v / i to a known and for fall by so our will look r=(vs-vf)/i
• vs = supply (5v)
• vf = forward (2v)
• i = (0.005a)
• r = (x)
Plugging all of that in, following: (5v-2v)/0.005a=600
at and might to round up or down, will not always find a i down to i had on-hand i to round in of sun, 510.
rainbow in following application of (5v-3.2v)/0.005a=360
I down again for and luminosity and with 220.
can dig in and start changing stuff now that know what to and what to it with.
6 to 3 and 3 (r9-rl 1). using a iron and a pair of can quickly, i to follow:
• apply to pins, doing so will joint and will usually
• grip with a goal part.
• of part’s joints with iron.
• part away from joint applying to joint, this can allow a small bit of pin in joint to pull out.
• on pad, going in
• back and forth to out part.
• optionally, to a pump or wick.
will our old i to work in a sort of "batch" with
a of polarity
• at a 45-ish so that without in in this will this part difficult.
• for all or community.
• flip board and part into
• trim part
• to polarity at adding it is to put in if it is backwards, it won’t light up.
A short
thing about is that you don't a lot to for most of your will basic and you
will
iron
To around links, a iron is a hand tool that plugs into a 120v ac and up. this is of most important and it may in a variants, such as of a or pistol, it's that
you iron in 15w to 30w for majority of irons tips that can for various applications of using any form of iron, it can up to 896' f, which is hot.
In short, is a common and fairly way for kinds of and to or to using a
small amount of alloy, known as and a tool a iron, is out. you'll usually hot tip of iron you things to a small amount of alloy around and or
bond or joint, and will it will a parts, (for circuitry), and (for plumbing applications), it is worth noting, that can typically and by this also it to or
parts that as this approach is known as which will to.
will a of for a situations and part in this tips on how to and iron and main tools, will also of kits and iron could fit various occupations, faqs and of
How to
As for all diy involving or in planning for work should always a top
priority, as work, this that you in it also that is as and practically from risks as
In addition, you any work, it is important to know of how to to for that
you to of in to posing a minimal risk to your and your
iron which to hot in to its primary is most obvious also, that plug into a
wall and no manual control (typically a station that iron to will normally quickly up to about 400 this is hot to burns.
A of built-in can by and add-on as part of a iron kit can, hold of if to and injury.
also hazards to watch out for in addition to in particular, to air or it is
important to that can occasionally 'spit' this for that is a must.
In addition, most and compounds contain hazardous such as and handling tools and it is always to and starting a job, to of your is
for
Prior to
• all product and and you of common risks.
• lists and with or distributors if contains about toxicity.
• work is and from ignition
• that you in a with
• at all and to
• that you product form for job at hand— irons in various and mostly for particular of applications.
• do not any iron or that shows to body of wiring or
• always know and paths
During
try to / circuits, or parts
• iron at hand, such as pads and damp to that tip of iron is as as from build-up during
• contact anything but to as 'wand') with iron.
• and/or to hold and parts that (or
• of alloy spitting and at all
• not in always iron to its or lay it on a work or
• if you grab a that stand is or sturdy not to this don't try to catch iron mid fall.
• if you a burn, it cold running for a minimum of 10-15 until first aid
if you to it at any point, always turn iron or station off at plug
gpio port
row of gpio input / output) pins along top of board is a function of pi. a 40-pin gpio on pi and pi w) is found on all pi boards, a 26-pin was of boards prior to pi 1 b+ (2014).
Pins from gpio
Any of gpio pins may as an input or output pin (in and for a of
Layout of gpio
gpio pins not in gpio pins 0 and 1 on (physical pins 27 and 28), but for only.
On two 5v pins and two 3v3 pins as as many ground pins (Ov). both 3v3
pins pins, outputs to 3v3 and inputs
Outputs
It is to a gpio pin as an output pin to high (3v3) or low (Ov).
Inputs
It is to a gpio pin as an input pin as high (3v3) or low (Ov). with of pull-up or pull-down this is gpio2 and gpio3 pins pull-up but this can up in for
pins.
gpio pins can with functions as as input and output of which on all pins, on particular pins:
• pwm (modulation of
• pwm applications on all pins
• pwm for gpio 12, gpio 13, gpio 18, gpio 1919, gpio 19
• spi spi
• miso (gpio9); sclk (gpioll); (gpio8), (gpio7); spiO: mosi (gpiolO)
• miso (gpiol9); sclk(gpio21); (gpiol8); (gpiol7); (gpiol6); spil: mosi (gpio20);
• i2c
• data: (gpio2); (gpio3) clock
data: (gpioO); clock (gpiol)
tx (gpiol4); gpiol5 (rx)
• pinout for gpio
It's important to mindful of which pin is which, raspio portsplus pcb, or pin
On pi, a can by window and running pinout command, gpio python library, which is by on of pi os, but not on pi os this
Pi
To of mmal api running all applications from command and mmal api a that is to than that by that mmal is an api to broadcom that is only on 4
Up to four (mmal) in applications: and null sink, both applications of raspistill raspivid and raspiyuv and raspividyuv do not an and yuv or rgb
output to from of
is optional, but it can or to a particular of null sink is to 'absorb' if is if not
for display, must as for and
In addition, option can (in which is shown but no is or all output can to stdout.
Command support is by only of program on command
up > for >
a of to try if is not working
• is ribbon cord, not monitor (dsi), to (csi)? in port, ribbon will suit, port is hdmi
all ribbon and round in right way? must straight in
• is black and pcb? this can during transit or placing in a flip up on pcb using a it with it with a slight click, don't push it; it's possibly slightly if it not
• sudo apt and sudo apt
• has raspi-config and
• is your supply adds 200-250ma to your pi's
Try following if things still not working:
• command raspistill / raspivid is not found, this possibly that your / again, try it.
• not start, all links.
it is that will run out of gpu in /boot/ config.txt. for gpu should at 128. in of raspi-config, split option to this.
If all and still fit, try posting for support on our forums.
Popular options on command
• window of -p for window < 'x,y,w,h' >
Allows to and position of window, that this will on all windows / graphics at
•-f
to window, that it will ratio of incoming so may bars on
• window not -n
It totally window, that, is will still by so will
window opacity: —opacity, -op
opacity of windows. 0 = 255 =
for control
• -sh (-100-100)
of 0 is
• contrast: —contrast, -co (-100-100)
contrast. 0 is
-br (0-100)
50 is option. 0 is black, 100 is
• saturation: —saturation, -sa (-100-100)
colour saturation. 0 is
• iso —iso, -iso (100-800)
iso to for
• turn on stabilization —vstab, -vs
Switch on stabilization in only.
•(-10-10)
is 0.
• auto: using automatic
night: pick a for shooting at night
backlight: pick backlit
• flashlight
• spotlight
• sports: sports (fast
• snow: pick an optimal for snowy
• pick
• long: pick a long
• fps to a
• pick for
that, on tuning, not all of can
• for -fli
a to for lights that at of mains, which can through a as a dark horizontal band, locks (8.33ms for 60hz, or 10ms for 50hz) to a of mains this that
photos can control algorithm to gain if it an of auto may by so actually it is to this off
• off: turn off
• auto: mains automatically
• 50hz: at 50hz
• 60hz: at 60hz
• automatic (awb) -awb
in for for which color (k)
• off: switching off of
• auto: automatic
• sun: sunny 5000 k and 6500 k)
• cloud: gloomy 6500 k and 12000 k)
• of
of illumination 2500 k and 3500 k)
2500 k and 4500 k) lighting
• of lighting
• flash: flash
• horizon: form of horizon
• this on noir to of ir to awb
that, on of not all of can
• -ifx
to apply to a
• no impact
• colors of
• solarization of
• of
impact
blackboard: impact blackboard
• drawing: impact
• photo
• photo
• oil paint: oil paint
• hatch: hatch
• impact of
• impact
• film grain impact
• blur:
• saturation: color
• colourswap: not
not
colourpoint: not
• not
• cartoon: not
that, in all not all can
• color —colfx, -cfx
u and v 0-255) to u and y for a should in —colfx 128:128.
• -mm
that is to and
• for
• spot: spot
• backlit: a backlit
• matrix: matrix
photography
You simply pi to a at a to a such as a an application to stitch into a a ways to do this.
Using of raspistill
Raspistill has a built-in program that command switch (or -tl). shots in is which follows switch:
Raspistill -t 30000 -tl 2000 -o of 04d.jpgg
in output of 04d: this point in you want amount of count to instruction, for a two (2000ms), a total duration of 30 (30000ms), and so on, through to
of 04d a four-digit with to up of digits for a of 08d will to an if you don't want you might skip 0, too.
If a of 0 is photographs will as quickly as by application, to that can that is a minimum of 30
Cron
Cron is a good way to taking of an at a cron to
Crontab —
This asks you want to or it in your if is in an add following to to an
and and should
Crontab: crontab
that you 04d to output to a with raspistill: if you don't, raspistill will you an
Stitching photos
going to to stitch into a now. using you can do this on pi, but will slow, you may to to your laptop or and
to a that contains your photos and list in a for
Ls * .jpg > stills.txt
On pi
Although it will sluggish to than using pi using various tools, you can
stitch your avconv, which must will in this
Download sudo apt libav-tools
You can now tools to your to h264
of avconv -r 10 -i 04d.jpg -r 10 libx264 -vf
This can a than a on a pi 3. pi can vary.
• -r 10 for input and output
• -i 04.jpg of input (to fit during
• libx264 x264
• -vf 720p on you can also 1920: 1080, or that pi can only play back up to 1080p but you might it if you to play back at 4 k, for
• output
Avconv has a of for for and it is to list using avconv —support.
On with linux
You may pi instructions, or an such as
sudo apt installation
Now run command
You should a containing a of your photos until that's
add-on
add-on can apply to:
1. any third-party application or script that is to a program to it additional functionality and is a add-on or
For an of a add-on is flash, which allows to watch or play on an
Add-ons using a option or via a third-party platform by individuals or organizations not with original and
an add-on is to by such as as an
Tip: an add-in ("in" not "on") to additional giving additional to a program,
for a car, an add-in can also
2. to any that your functionality or is an add-on. additional ram, a cpu, or a
card, for could all add-ons.
pi official
lids part of official pi from pi foundation: gpio lid, and lid. it also a short from pi
with pi and pi
monitor for pi 7
This 7" pi monitor allows opportunity to build such as and 800 x 480 display with an board that of and signal, only two pi from gpio port of pi and a ribbon that to dsi port.
Turn your pi into a or with a touch
Truly a virtual would support so is no to plug a and in.
a visual display of your own of things (iot) simply attach your pi, construct a python script to with display, and to install your own touch automation
A of applications and programs on pi would making pi for and programming.
Hat
hat is a pi add-on board, for astro pi in 2015 at station-and is now for
hat has an 8 ?? 8 rgb matrix, a joystick and following
• humidity
Partv:
a:
python
Angry birds, pokemon go! on your holds top position it to of crop of
sports.
nokia
that won't all way anything is stuck at an odd may still an old nokia 3310 lost in of a so grab your pi and hat, or hat simulator or on raspbian), and
slug will much in doing so, you can your's to ... now with
solution
to our to out for you can find hat simulator and to go.
for pi hat slug
It will look just this, and you can arrow of your to your slug toward
From coding your own of in python, you'll on a - from to slug glory, you'll
to with lists along way and to display and joystick of hat. and, in with our digital making program, by finishing you can your of applying abstraction and to
of hat
As part of astro pi mission in 2015, pi hat was originally and it is a add-on for your digital making toolkit, with an 8-8 rgb matrix, a joystick, and a of on-board including an and and is for data and
list of ire
In a with of chat rooms, /list command you to find only with a of
participants, a function.
by ire you a list of on that can with /list command:
/listing
listing shows of of individuals to and a or also thousands of on various
topics on which also too many to so you can following tricks to listings that actually
• list of by typing hold on list command, you can a by list, a listing consisting of at a will by this option, to switch function off, you can hold off.
• min or max. only or two on vast majority of and you typically want to find rooms with a lot of in and a discussion, of most things you can do is a list of with "min" option with a minimum of you can limit listing to with a maximum of with 'max' option if you want to find only
/list -min 30 -min 30
/list -max 5 max 5
• min and limit, you can "min" and "max" options to list only platforms with of you in, for
/list -min 25 -max 30 -min 30
/list -min 40 -max 50 -max 50
Input and output gpio
A gpio pin is a pin is of of two (high or low) and action can by a gpio port is a group 4 or pins) of gpio pins, gpio pins that part of a gpio port cannot individually or as gpio pins,
An application should first and obtain a gpiopin or gpioport for pin or port it wants to using its id, or in to a particular pin or port.
an of using its id to obtain a gpiopin and a gpioport:
gpiopin pin = (gpiopin)
gpioport port = (gpioport)
An of using its and is
pin, 'gpiopin.class, null); gpiopin pin = (gpiopin)
Port gpioport = data port,," (gpioport)
Null, gpioport.class);
a pin is by calling an application can of a gpio pin and its by calling similarly, a port is by calling an application can obtain of a gpio port and
its by calling
port;
(or (should by application to pin or port,
An of using gpio api is in 7-1. first, it a pin for gpio input pin to which a switch button is is button is by gpio output pin that is to accordingly, turns on or off.
7-1 of apis of gpio
importation;
Import
importation;
gpiopin import;
import;
imports;
Java.io. for importing;
public class
Switchpin for gpiopin = null;
gpiopin = null;
(public
Try {try
switchpin = (gpiopin)
= (gpiopin)
public void
Try {try
((gpiopin)
(/ turn on or off /
} catch {{catch
/
} catch
/
}
}
});
} catch {{catch
//
} catch
//
} catch
//
} finally} {finally
If (switchpin! = null)
Try {try
0; } catch {{catch
}
}
If = null)
Try {try
0;
} catch {{catch
}
}
}
}
}
that configuration of platform can allow an application to gpio pins or
ports for output or input, may for input only or output only, and application cannot its path, also that asynchronous notification of in pin or port is only to at platform not notification in a or way.
that gpio pins, and particularly should as quickly as to
b: quick of pi
options
Samba is an smb / cifs protocol that windows to mutual to ports, a on
samba and its is
This will how to install a on a windows so that it on your pi, or to a on
your pi so that it can by a windows using a of samba
Installing support for cifs / samba
pi os not cifs / samba support by but this can all to samba as a or with following commands.
Sudo apt
Samba samba-common-bin cifs-utils sudo apt install install
Using a windows that is
Firstly, on your windows you to a this is
Switch sharing:
1. by right-clicking on tray and choosing it, and sharing
2. click for sharing
3. pick turn on of
4. pick switching on sharing and print
5. modifications
a
You can any you but simply a for this
1. a on your
2. right-click and pick in
3. click sharing tab and click sharing button.
4. this of is of by
5. click on button for
6. and full control for this (you can to particular if click ok ok again to sharing tab.
7. click tab to now.
8. as tab and, if add
9. click on ok
Now should
Windows 10 wizardfor sharing
is a sharing wizard on windows 10 that assists with of
1. run application for from start bar
2.
3. right-click and to start sharing assistant; click
4. a that you want to post, and
5. to all for sharing,
6. custom and and click ok, click finish.
Install on pi
In linux, mounting is of adding a to a location, so that location first:
mkdir
Now, to to that spot, is windows pc host or ip and it is windows that will
to to as
or ip / pi / -o > /sudo mount.cifs
You should now to of your pi's windows
cd
Ls
Sharing a for windows
First, a sharing this a in and pi is
~ cd ~
mkdir
to samba to this now, using configuration for samba.
Nano / samba / smb.conf sudo
Add following at of to granting to /
Path = /pi / /
Just = no
Public = =
workgroup in and it to workgroup of your local windows if
Workgroup = < of your workgroup >
That should to on your windows should you and you should to to it.
Options for raspistill
Raspistill is a command tool with a pi to still photographs.
Basic application of raspistill
following command from to a is and
was in this if is in this location, it is important to flip to in way.
Flip and flip horizontal
must 180 ° to with by passing -vf and -hf flags, way to this is to add both a and a horizontal flip:
Now photo has
At a of 2592 x 1944, which is 5,038,848 or 5 photographs.
Width of
will about 2.4 mb for a with this is around 425 gb of
It will up to 1 gb in about 7 hours to 1 photo this is a of around 3.3 gb day or 144 mb hour.
Scriptfrom bash
You can build a bash script which to an your of to construct a script and following
#\ about/bin / bash
+ y- m- d h m")
This script will an and a to by building you'll also to
Mkdir
Say it as so first:
+ x chmod
Run with:
For a list of run raspistill without any to stdout to scroll and output to
Raspistill 2>&1
Raspivid options
Raspivid is a command tool with a pi
Raspivid
a using following command is and
-o vid.h2644 raspivid
to -hf and -vf, such as raspistill, to flip if
This will a of 5 to path as vid.h264
Pass -t flag with a of to of for
Raspivid -o for -t 1000000
It will a for 10
Run raspivid with no for a list of or this command with and scroll through:
Raspivid 2>&1
Scroll and q to using arrow
format for mp4
As a raw h264 pi it is in an format mp4, many may fail to play it, or play it at an using mp4box is way to an mp4 from raspivid button.
Download mp4box using following command:
Download sudo apt -y gpacac install.
your raw with raspivid and it this in an mp4
# 30 of 640x480 raw with a bit of 150kb / s in a
Raspivid -t 30000 -w 640 -h 480 -fps 25 -b 1200000 -p 0,0,640,480 -o
# raw in an mp4
-add
# raw from to play.
rm
wrap your raspivid output around mp4
c: hdmi display
Options on
Sdtv for sdtv
A tv standard for output is by sdtv command, on original pi, rca is output along with sound on 4 trrs on pis, for pi and is an 'tv' on pi that outputs is via tvdac pin on sdtv is 0.0.
of sdtv
0 ntsc normal
1 ntsc no
2
3 brazilian pal than 625/50, various
16 ntsc scan
18 pal’s scan
Sdtv
sdtv command output ratio, is 1. by
Product of sdtv
1 4:3
2 14:9
3 16:9
sdtv colourburst to 1 on output colourburst, will shown in but may in
tvout (only pi 4b)
is on pi 4 by of way clocks and a clock, clock on pi 4 to that clocks to it
slowing down slightly, is a to avoid this slowdown, to it by
tvout=l option to allow output, this will to a as
stays on pi
Options for hdmi
for pi4b two hdmi ports on pi 4b, hdmi commands can to port, you may < command>:> notation, port is 0 or 1, to port to which should if no port is
0. is if a port is for a command that not a port port will for information on syntax and to hdmi on conditionals tab.
pi 4 has to dual 4k displays, which slight limitations on for info,
hdmi
To try to boot with full hdmi compatibility, hdmi to 1 would to this is as that follow:
Hdmi hotplug=l
Hdmi
Configuration-hdmi-boost=4
Hdmi group=2
Hdmi
Top=24
Bottom=24
Hdmi
If your display not an hdmi to 0xa5000080 allows ignoring of / display data, to that it is not it this unusual
Hdmi
of it from display, hdmi to 1 would gpu to data from in boot partition, stuff
Hdmi
You may hdmi command on pi 4b to of to as as which port to apply to. to
allow it also hdmi
For
hdmi
Hdmi = =
Hdmi =
Hdmi audio
hdmi audio to 1 that monitor supports all audio formats, allowing dts / ac3 passthrough this is not as
Hdmi audio
hdmi audio to 1 that monitor not all audio formats, this analog audio jack
will switch to alsa.
Hdmi 3dd
though not imply support for this, hdmi 3d to 1 that all support 3d.
Init hdmi init
During bootup, hdmi init to 1 will avoid initial this your pi from coming out of standby and you a tv.
Hdmi
hdmi to 1 that tv not at all support will no functions
of osd
osd command initial pi is norm.
hdmi
command hdmi for by by will so you do not to it.
of hdmi
0 (rgb for minimal, rgb for dmt full)
1 minimal rgb (16-235)
Total 2 rgb (0-255)
3 minimal ycbcr (16-235)
4 ycbcr (0-255)
Hdmi blanking
hdmi-blanking command controls what using dpms, that monitor put into standby to hdmi output is but not off if this option is not or to 0. you can also hdmi output to shut off by this option to 1 to actions of monitor will
go into a standby
hdmi blanking=l will not hdmi output to off on pi 4, as this function has
not
using applications that do not such as this may
of hdmi blanking
0 hdmi output is out
1 you can turn off and blank hdmi output
hdmi
hdmi command allows you to for hdmi and dvi.
of hdmi
1 normal for dvi (no sound)
2 normal hdmi (if and sound will
Configuration hdmi boost
hdmi signal is a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 11. for original b and a, is 2. for b+ and all is 5.
If hdmi try 7. up to 11 can long hdmi but this high should not
On pi 4, this option is
hdmi group
hdmi group command association, norm typically by tvs) or dmt (display monitor timings, norm typically by monitors) as hdmi output group, you can this in conjunction with hdmi