Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery The Spine 3rd Edition [3 ed.] 9781451173611, 2013031362

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The Spine I

Thomas A. Zdeblick Todd J. Albert Third Edition

Wolters K(u~o nr ltpp ncott •' \Yilhams & \'it ms

The Spine ~~--------~

Third Edition

Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery® Editor-in-Chief Bernard F. Morrey, MD Founding Editor Roby C. Thompson, MD Volume Editors Fractures Donald A. Wiss, MD Knee Arthroplasty Paul Lotke, MD Jess H. Lonner, MD Orthopaedic Oncology and Complex Reconstruction Franklin H. Sim, MD Peter F .M. Choong, MD Kristy L. Weber, MD Pediatrics Vernon T. Tolo, MD David L. Skaggs, MD Relevant Surgical Exposures Bernard F. Morrey, MD Matthew C. Morrey, MD Reconstructive Knee Surgery Douglas W. Jackson, MD Soft Tissue Surgery Steven L. Moran, MD William P. Cooney III, MD Sports Medicine Freddie H. Fu, MD The Elbow Bernard F. Morrey, MD The Foot and Ankle Harold B. Kitaoka, MD The Hand James Strickland, MD Thomas Graham, MD The Hip Robert L. Barrack, MD The Foot and Ankle Harold B. Kitaoka, MD The Shoulder Edward V. Craig, MD The Spine Thomas A. Zdeblick, MD Todd J. Albert, MD The Wrist Richard H. Gelberman, MD

The Spine

I

rJ . Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams Health

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Printed io Chioa Library of Cqress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Spioe (Zdeblick: 2013) The spioe I edited by Tbom1111 A. Zdeblick and Todd J. Albert. -Third edition. p. ; em.- (Master techniques io orthopaedic surgery) Includes bibliographical references and iodex. ISBN 978-1-4511-7361-1 (alk. paper) I. Zdeblick, Th0m1111 A., editor of compilation. II. Albert, Todd J., editor of compilation. ill. Title. IV. Series: Mllllter techniques io orthopaedic surgery. [DNLM: 1. Spioe--surgery. 2. Orthopedic Procedures-methods. WE 725] RD768 617 .5'6059---«23 2013031362

Care hllll been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequem:es from application of the information io this book and make no WIIII8llty, expressed or implied, with respect to the CUJreli.CY, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information io a particular situation remaios the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth io 1his text are io accordance with curreot recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, io view of ongoiog research, changes io government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change io iodications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented io the publication have Food and Drug Admioistration (FDA) clearance for limited use io restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertaio the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use io their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippiocott Williams & Wilkios on the Internet: at L WW.com. Lippiocott Williams & Wilkios customer service representatives are available from 8:30am to 6 pm, EST. 10 9 8 7 6

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To our families, including our larger family-the residents and fellows we have trained-who inspire our daily work and the work of educating and of caring for patients.

Contributors Todd J. Albert, M.D.

Sigurd H. Berven, M.D.

Richard H. Rothman P.rafessor and Chairman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Professor of Neurosurgery Thom.aa Jefferaon University and Hospitals President The Rothman Institute Pbiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Director of Spine Fellowship Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Ullivcnri.ty of California, San Francisco San Franciaco, Cali:fornia

D. Greg Anderson, M.D. Profc:saor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurological Surgery 'lhonw Jc:fferaon University Rothman Institute Pbiladclpbia, Pennsylvania

Paul A. Anderson, M.D. Professor Department of Orthopc:dka and Rdlabilitation University of Wisconsin Madison, W:iaoonsin

Ronald I. Apfelbaum, M.D. Professor Emc:ritua Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah

Neil Badlani, M.D., M.B.A. Fellow Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush Univcnri.ty Medical Center