Man and Animal Relationship in Early Farming Communities of Western India, with Special Reference to Inamgaon 9781407300627, 9781407331089

Citation preview

Man and Animal Relationship in Early Farming Communities of Western India, with Special Reference to Inamgaon

SOUTH ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY SERIES EDITED BY ALOK K. KANUNGO

No. 6

Man and Animal Relationship in Early Farming Communities of Western India, with Special Reference to Inamgaon

Seema J. Pawankar

BAR International Series 1639 2007

Published in 2016 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR International Series 1639 South Asian Archaeology Series No. 6 Series Editor: Alok K. Kanungo Man and Animal Relationship in Early Farming Communities of Western India, with Special Reference to Inamgaon © S J Pawankar and the Publisher 2007 The author's moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9781407300627 paperback ISBN 9781407331089 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407300627 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by John and Erica Hedges Ltd. in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 2007. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2016.

BAR PUBLISHING BAR titles are available from:

E MAIL P HONE F AX

BAR Publishing 122 Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 7BP, UK [email protected] +44 (0)1865 310431 +44 (0)1865 316916 www.barpublishing.com

Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Plates Acknowledgement

i-iii iii-ix ix-x xi

Chapter I: Introduction 1.1. Significance of archaeozoological studies 1.2. Domestication of animals 1.3. Chalcolithic cultures of western India 1.4. The objectives

1-4

Chapter II: The Sites, Their Ecological Settings and Cultural Sequence 2.1. Chalcolithic sites 2.2. General Ecological Setting of the region 2.2a. Geography 2.2b. Geology 2.2c. Soils 2.2d. Drainage 2.2e Climate 2.2f Flora and Fauna

5-11

Chapter III: Methodology 3.1. Species identification 3.2. Sex and Age profiles of Subfossil species 3.3. Quantitative methods 3.4. Metrical analysis 3.5. Past and Present distribution of animals

12-39

Chapter IV: Man and Animal in the Chalcolithic Cultures of Maharashtra

40-90

Chapter V: Further Investigation into Human Behaviour 5.1. Degree of fragmentation 5.2. Exploitation of domestic and wild animals 5.3. Standardization of faunal assemblage 5.4. Determination of species, sex and stature based on Osteometric analysis 5.5. Horizontal distribution of animal remains 5.6. Carcass utilization

92-142

Chapter VI: Conclusion

143-146

References

147-151

Appendix A

152-296

Fig. 3.9. Metatarsal: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.10. Astragalus: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.11. Calcaneum: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.12. Centrotarsal: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.13. First Phalanx: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.14. Second Phalanx: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.15. Third Phalanx: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus.

List of Figures Chapter II Fig. 2.1. Map showing the Chalcolithic sites referred in the text. Chapter III Fig. 3.1. Mandible: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.2a. Scapula: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.2b. Scapula: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.3a. Humerus: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.3b. Humerus: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.3c. Humerus: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.4a. Radius: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.4b. Radius: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.4c. Ulna: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.5. Metacarpal: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.6. Pelvis: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus, C. Ovis aries. Fig. 3.7a. Femur: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.7b. Femur: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.8a. Tibia: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.8b. Tibia: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus. Fig. 3.8c. Tibia: Morphological difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus.

Chapter IV Fig. 4.1. Inamgaon: Age of cattle at death. Fig. 4.2. Map showing past and present distribution of Gazella bennetti in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.3. Map showing past and present distribution of Tetracerus quadricornis in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.4. Map showing past and present distribution of Antilope cervicapra in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.5. Map showing past and present distribution of Boselaphus tragocamelus in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.6. Map showing past and present distribution of Axis axis in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.7. Map showing past and present distribution of Cervus unicolor in Maharashtra. Fig. 4.2. Map showing past and present distribution of Muntiacus muntjak in Maharashtra. Chapter V Fig. 5.1. Level of Identification of bones at Inamgaon: Fragment count. Fig. 5.2. Level of Identification of bones at Inamgaon: Fragment weight. Fig. 5.3. Identified (NISP) and Unidentified (UF) bone fragments. Fig. 5.4. Measurability Index of bones at Inamgaon.

i

Fig. 5.32. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 16 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.33. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 15 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.34. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 14 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.35. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 13 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.36. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 12 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.37. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 11 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.38. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 10 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.39. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 9 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.40. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 8 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.41. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 7 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.42. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 6 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.43. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 5 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.44. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 4 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.45. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 3at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.46. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 2at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.47. Horizontal distribution of bones in Layer 1 at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.48. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bos indicus in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.49. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bos indicus in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.50. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bos indicus in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.51. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.52. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.53. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.54. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Capra/Ovis in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.55. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Capra/Ovis in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.5. NISP of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.6. MNI of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.7. Projected NISP of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.8. Projected MNI of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.9. Actual and Projected NISP of Cattle at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.10. Actual and Projected NISP of Sheep and Goat at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.11. Actual and Projected NISP of Pig at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.12. Actual and Projected NISP of Dog at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.13. Actual and Projected NISP of Antelopes at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.14. Actual and Projected NISP of Deer at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.15. Actual and Projected NISP of Wolf and Jackal at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.16. Meat Weight of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.17. Projected Meat Weight of domestic and wild animals at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.18. Species separation based on Scapula measurements at Inamgaon (GLP vs. BG). Fig. 5.19. Species separation based on Humerus measurements at Inamgaon (BD vs. TD). Fig. 5.20. Species separation based on Radius measurements at Inamgaon (BP vs. TP). Fig. 5.21. Species separation based on Femur measurements at Inamgaon (BP vs. TP). Fig. 5.22. Species separation based on First Phalanx measurements at Inamgaon (BD vs. TD). Fig. 5.23. Species separation based on Humerus measurements at Inamgaon (BD vs. TD). Fig. 5.24. Species separation based on Radius measurements at Inamgaon (BP vs. TP). Fig. 5.25. Sex determination of Cattle at Inamgaon: Astragalus (GLL vs. BD). Fig. 5.26. Sex determination of Cattle at Inamgaon: Metacarpal (BD vs. WT). Fig. 5.27. Sex determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: Astragalus (GLL vs. BD). Fig. 5.28. Sex determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: First Phalanx (GL vs. BD). Fig. 5.29. Sex determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: Second Phalanx (GL vs. BD). Fig. 5.30. Male and Female ratio of Blackbuck in various phases at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.31. Stature analysis of Cattle based on Astragalus at Inamgaon.

ii

Table 4.2. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 2. Table 4.3. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 3. Table 4.4. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 4. Table 4.5. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 5. Table 4.6. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 6. Table 4.7. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 7. Table 4.8. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 8. Table 4.9. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 9. Table 4.10. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 10. Table 4.11. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 11. Table 4.12. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 12. Table 4.13. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 13. Table 4.14. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 14. Table 4.15. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 15. Table 4.16. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 16. Table 4.17. Frequency of Identified Specimens in the three Cultural Phases at Inamgaon. Table 4.18. Bone distribution of Bos indicus in different Layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.19. Minimum Number of Individual animals (mammals) in different Layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.20. Minimum Number of Individual animals in House no. 132 of Layer 1 at Inamgaon. Table 4.21. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 2 at Inamgaon. Table 4.22. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 3 at Inamgaon. Table 4.23. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 4 at Inamgaon. Table 4.24. Minimum Number of Individual animals in House no 49 of Layer 6 at Inamgaon. Table 4.25. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 7 at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.56. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Capra/Ovis in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.57. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Canis familiaris in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.58. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Canis familiaris in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.59. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Canis familiaris in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.60. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Sus domesticus in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.61. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Sus domesticus in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.62. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Sus domesticus in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.63. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.64. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.65. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.66. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Malwa phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.67. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Early Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.68. Relative representation of skeletal parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.69. Bone tools. Fig.5.70. Bone tools used for pottery designing at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.71. Carnivore activities on bones. Fig. 5.72. Rodent (a), bacteria (b) and insect (c) activities on bones at Inamgaon. Fig. 5.73. Pathological and non-pathological lesions.

List of Tables Chapter IV Table 4.1. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 1.

iii

Table 4.50. Bone distribution of Boselaphus tragocamelus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.51. Bone distribution of Axis axis in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.52. Bone distribution of Cervus unicolor in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.53. Bone distribution of Muntiacus muntjak in different layers at Inamgaon.

Table 4.26. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 8 at Inamgaon. Table 4.27. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 12 at Inamgaon. Table 4.28. Minimum Number of Individual animals in House no. 50 of Layer 13 at Inamgaon. Table 4.29. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 16 at Inamgaon. Table 4.30. Minimum Number of Individual animals in different Layers and Houses at Inamgaon. Table 4.31. Minimum Number of Individual animals in the three Cultural Phases at Inamgaon. Table 4.32. Weight of meat probably consumed in various stratigraphical units at Inamgaon. Table 4.33. Distribution of animals in the Chalcolithic culture of Maharashtra. Table 4.34. Age at death of cattle in different Layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.35. Age at death of cattle in the three cultural phases at Inamgaon. Table 4.36. Bone distribution of Bubalus bubalis in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.37. Bone distribution of Bos/Bubalus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.38. Bone distribution of Capra/Ovis in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.39. Bone distribution of Capra hircus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.40. Bone distribution of Ovis aries in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.41. Bone distribution of Sus domesticus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.42. Bone distribution of Canis familiaris in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.43. Bone distribution of Canis lupus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.44. Bone distribution of Canis aureus in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.45. Bone distribution of Sus scrofa in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.46. Bone distribution of Gazella bennetti in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.47. Bone distribution of Tetracerus quadricornis in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.48. Bone distribution of Antilope cervicapra in different layers at Inamgaon. Table 4.49. Bone distribution of Small Ruminants in different layers at Inamgaon.

Chapter V Table 5.1. Level of Identification: Fragment Count. Table 5.2. Level of Identification: Weight of fragments in grams. Table 5.3. Measurability Index of bones at Inamgaon. Table 5.4. Layer-wise distribution of bones with human activity at Inamgaon. Table 5.5. Proportion of domestic and wild animals in three cultural phases at Inamgaon. Table 5.6. Projected Number of Identified Specimens in all the layers at Inamgaon. Table 5.7. Projected Minimum Number of Individuals in all the layers at Inamgaon. Table 5.8. Projected Meat Weight in all the layers at Inamgaon. Appendix A A.1.

Abbreviations used in the measurements of bones.

tables

of

A.2. Measurements of bones of Bos indicus. Table A.2.1. Measurements of Scapula of Bos indicus Table A.2.2. Measurements of Humerus of Bos indicus Table A.2.3. Measurements of Radius of Bos indicus Table A.2.4. Measurements of Ulna of Bos indicus Table A.2.5. Measurements of Radius and Ulna of Bos indicus Table A.2.6. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bos indicus Table A.2.7. Measurements of Metapodium of Bos indicus Table A.2.8. Measurements of Pelvis of Bos indicus Table A.2.9. Measurements of Femur of Bos indicus Table A.2.10. Measurements of Tibia of Bos indicus

iv

Table A.3.8. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.9. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.10. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.11. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.12. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.13. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.14. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Bubalus bubalis

Table A.2.11. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bos indicus Table A.2.12. Measurements of Astragalus of Bos indicus Table A.2.13. Measurements of Calcaneum of Bos indicus Table A.2.14. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Bos indicus Table A.2.15. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bos indicus Table A.2.16. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bos indicus Table A.2.17. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bos indicus Table A.2.18. Measurements of Maxillary first/second premolar of Bos indicus Table A.2.19. Measurements of Maxillary fourth premolar of Bos indicus Table A.2.20. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bos indicus Table A.2.21. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Bos indicus Table A.2.22. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bos indicus Table A.2.23. Measurements of Mandibular incisors of Bos indicus Table A.2.24. Measurements of Mandibular first/second premolar of Bos indicus Table A.2.25. Measurements of Mandibular second premolar of Bos indicus Table A.2.26. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Bos indicus Table A.2.27. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molars of Bos indicus Table A.2.28. Measurements of Mandibular third molars of Bos indicus Table A.2.29. Measurements of Mandibles with symphysis and teeth of Bos indicus Table A.2.30. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Bos indicus

A.4. Measurements of bones of Bos/ Bubalis. Table A.4.1. Measurements of Humerus of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.2. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.3. Measurements of Metapodia of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.4. Measurements of Femur heads of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.5. Measurements of Shaft of Tibia of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.6. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.7. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.8. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.9. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.10. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.11. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.12. Measurements of Mandibular deciduous premolar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.13. Measurements of Mandibular incisor of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.14. Measurements of Mandibular first/second premolar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.15. Measurements of Mandibular second premolar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.16. Mandibular third premolar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.17. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.18. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.19. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.20. Measurements of Mandible of Bos/Bubalus

A.3. Measurements of bones of Bubalus bubalis. Table A.3.1. Measurements of Scapula of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.2. Measurements of Radius of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.3. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.4. Measurements of Metapodium of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.5. Measurements of Tibia of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.6. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.7. Measurements of Calcaneum of Bubalus bubalis

v

Table A.7.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.5. Measurements of Metapodia of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.6. Measurements of Femur of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.7. Measurements of Tibia of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.8. Measurements of Metatarsal of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 9. Measurements of Astragalus of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 11. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 12. Measurements of First Phalanx of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 13. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 14. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 15. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 16. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 17. Measurements of Mandibular second molar of Capra/Ovis Table A.7. 18. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.19. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.20. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Capra/Ovis

A.5. Measurements of bones of Capra hircus. Table A.5. 1. Measurements of Scapula of Capra hircus Table A.5. 2. Measurements of Humerus of Capra hircus Table A.5. 3. Measurements of Radius of Capra hircus Table A.5. 4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Capra hircus Table A.5. 5. Measurements of Metapodia of Capra hircus Table A.5. 6. Measurements of Femur of Capra hircus Table A.5. 7. Measurements of Tibia of Capra hircus Table A.5. 8. Measurements of Metatarsal of Capra hircus Table A.5. 9. Measurements of Astragalus of Capra hircus Table A.5. 10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Capra hircus Table A.5. 11. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Capra hircus Table A.5. 12. Measurements of First Phalanx of Capra hircus Table A.5. 13. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Capra hircus Table A.5. 14. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Capra hircus Table A.5. 15. Maxillary first/ second molar of Capra hircus Table A.5.16. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Capra hircus Table A.5.17. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Capra hircus

A.8. Measurements of bones of Canis familiaris. Table A.8.1.Measurements of Scapula of Canis familiaris Table A.8.2. Measurements of Humerus of Canis familiaris Table A.8.3. Measurements of Radius of Canis familiaris Table A.8.4. Measurements of Ulna of Canis familiaris Table A.8.5. Measurements of Pelvis of Canis familiaris Table A.8.6. Measurements of Femur of Canis familiaris Table A.8.7. Measurements of Tibia of Canis familiaris Table A.8.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Canis familiaris Table A.8.9. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Canis familiaris Table A.8.10. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Canis familiaris

A.6. Measurements of bones of Ovis aries. Table A.6.1. Measurements of Scapula of Ovis aries Table A.6.2. Measurements of Humerus of Ovis aries Table A.6.3. Measurements of Radius of Ovis aries Table A.6.4. Measurements of Femur of Ovis aries Table A.6.5. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Ovis aries Table A.6.6. Measurements of Maxillary with teeth of Ovis aries A.7. Measurements of bones of Capra/Ovis. Table A.7.1.Measurements of Scapula of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.2. Measurements of Humerus of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.3. Measurements of Radius of Capra/Ovis

vi

Table A.12.4. Measurements of Tibia of Canis aureus A.13. Measurements of bones of Felis chaus. Table A.13.1. Measurements of Humerus of Felis chaus Table A.13.2. Measurements of Femur of Felis chaus Table A.13.3. Measurements of Calcaneum of Felis chaus Table A.13.4. Measurements of Metapodium of Felis chaus

A.9. Measurements of bones of Sus domesticus. Table A.9.1.Measurements of Scapula of Sus domesticus Table A.9.2.Measurements of Humerus of Sus domesticus Table A.9.3.Measurements of Radius of Sus domesticus Table A.9.4.Measurements of Ulna of Sus domesticus Table A.9.5.Measurements of Pelvis of Sus domesticus Table A.9.6.Measurements of Tibia of Sus domesticus Table A.9.7.Measurements of Astragalus of Sus domesticus Table A.9.8.Measurements of Calcaneum of Sus domesticus Table A.9.9.Measurements of First Phalanx of Sus domesticus

A.14. Measurements of bones of Panthera pardus. Table A.14.1. Measurements of First Phalanx of Panthera pardus Table A.14.2. Measurements of Metapodia of Panthera pardus A.15. Measurements of bones of Sus scrofa. Table A.15.1. Measurements of Ulna of Sus scrofa Table A.15.2. Measurements of Tibia of Sus scrofa Table A.15.3. Measurements of Calcaneum of Sus scrofa

A.10. Measurements of bones of Equus caballus. Table A.10. 1. Measurements of First Phalanx of Equus caballus Table A.10.2. Measurements of Metapodia of Equus caballus

A.16.

Measurements of bones of Antilope cervicapra. Table A.16.1. Measurements of Scapula of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.2. Measurements of Humerus of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.3. Measurements of Radius of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.4. Measurements of Ulna of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.5. Measurements of Radius and Ulna of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.6. Measurements of Metacarpal of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.7. Measurements of Metapodia of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.8. Measurements of Pelvis of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.9. Measurements of Femur of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.10. Measurements of Tibia of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.11. Measurements of Metatarsal of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.12. Measurements of Astragalus of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.13. Measurements of Calcaneum of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.14. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Antilope cervicapra

A.11. Measurements of bones of Canis lupus. Table A.11.1Measurements of Scapula of Canis lupus Table A.11.2. Measurements of Humerus of Canis lupus Table A.11.3. Measurements of Radius of Canis lupus Table A.11.4. Measurements of Ulna of Canis lupus Table A.11.5. Measurements of Pelvis of Canis lupus Table A.11.6. Measurements of Femur of Canis lupus Table A.11.7. Measurements of Tibia of Canis lupus Table A.11.8. Measurements of Metapodia of Canis lupus Table A.11.9. Measurements of Astragalus of Canis lupus Table A.11.10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Canis lupus A.12. Measurements of bones of Canis aureus. Table A.12.1. Measurements of Humerus of Canis aureus Table A.12.2. Measurements of Ulna of Canis aureus Table A.12.3. Measurements of Femur of Canis aureus

vii

A.18. Measurements of bones of Tetracerus quadricornis. Table A.18.1. Measurements of Scapula of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.2. Measurements of Humerus of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.3. Measurements of Radius of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.5. Measurements of Femur of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.6. Measurements of Tibia of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.7. Measurements of Metacarpal of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.8. Measurements of Astragalus of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.9. Measurements of First Phalanx of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.10. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Tetracerus quadricornis

Table A.16.15. Measurements of First Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.16. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.17 Measurements of Third Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.18. Measurements of isolated Maxillary second premolar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.19. Measurements of isolated Maxillary first/second molar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.20. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.21. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.22. Measurements of Mandibular deciduous premolar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.23. Measurements of Mandibular first/second premolar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.24. Measurements of Mandibular third premolar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.25. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.26. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molars of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.27. Measurements of Mandibular second molars of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.28. Measurements of Mandibular third molars of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.29. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.30. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Antilope cervicapra

A.19. Measurements of bones of Boselaphus tragocamelus. Table A.19.1. Measurements of Humerus of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.2. Measurements of Radius of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.3. Measurements of Ulna of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.5. Measurements of Metacarpal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.6. Measurements of Tibia of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.7. Measurements of Metatarsal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.9. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.10. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.12. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.13. Measurements of Mandibular second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus

A.17. Measurements of bones of Gazella bennetti. Table A.17.1. Measurements of Scapula of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.2. Measurements of Humerus of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.3. Measurements of Radius of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.4. Measurements of Tibia of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.5. Measurements of Metatarsal of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.6. Measurements of Astragalus of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.7. Measurements of First Phalanx of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.8. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.9. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Gazella bennetti

viii

Table A.23. Measurements of bones of Herpestes edwardsi. Table A.23.1. Measurements of Scapula of Herpestes edwardsi Table A.23.2. Measurements of Femur of Herpestes edwardsi

A.20. Measurements of bones of Axis axis. Table A.20.1. Measurements of Humerus of Axis axis Table A.20.2. Measurements of Radius of Axis axis Table A.20.3. Measurements of Metacarpal of Axis axis Table A.20.4. Measurements of Tibia of Axis axis Table A.20.5. Measurements of Astragalus of Axis axis Table A.20.6. Measurements of Calcaneum of Axis axis Table A.20.7. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Axis axis Table A.20.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Axis axis Table A.20.9. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Axis axis Table A.20.10. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Axis axis Table A.20.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Axis axis Table A.20.12. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Axis axis Table A.20.13. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Axis axis

Table A.24. Measurements of bones of Lepus nigricollis. Table A.24.1. Measurements of Humerus of Lepus nigricollis Table A.24.2. Measurements of Femur of Lepus nigricollis Table A.24.3. Measurements of Tibia of Lepus nigricollis Table A.25. Measurements of bones of Gallus gallus. Table A.25.1. Measurements of Tibia of Gallus gallus Table A.26. Measurements of bones of Molluscan Shells. Table A. 26.1. Measurements of Lamellidens marginalis Table A. 26.2. Measurements of Digoniostoma pulchella Table A. 26.3. Measurements of Parreyssia corrugata Table A. 26.4. Measurements of Viviparus bengalensis Table A. 26.5. Measurements of Turbo coronatus Table A. 26.6. Measurements of Meretrix meretrix Table A. 26.7. Measurements of Marcia recens Table A. 26.8. Measurements of Paphia gallus

Table A.21. Measurements of bones of Cervus unicolor. Table A.21.1. Measurements of Humerus of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.2. Measurements of Ulna of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.3. Measurements of Tibia of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.4. Measurements of Metatarsal of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.5. Measurements of First Phalanx of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.6. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.7. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Cervus unicolor

List of Plates Plate IA. Bos indicus: 1. Metacarpal proximal, 2. Metacarpal distal, 3. Calcaneum, 4. Centrotarsal, 5. Astragalus. Plate IB. Bos indicus: Mandibles. Plate IIA. Bos indicus: Cut marks on bones. First row- Humerus, Second row- Radius. Plate IIB. Bos indicus: First row- First phalanges, Second row- Second phalanges, Third row- Third phalanges. Plate IIIA. Bos indicus: Cut marks on phalanges. Plate IIIB. Bos indicus: Unfused epiphyses of femur head. Plate IVA. Bubalus bubalis: 1. Metacarpal proximal, 2. Metacarpal distal, 3. Metatarsal distal, 4. Second phalanx, 5. First phalanx, 6. Centrotarsal, 7. Astragalus.

Table A.22. Measurements of bones of Muntiacus muntjak. Table A.22.1. Measurements of Tibia of Muntiacus muntjak Table A.22.2. Measurements of Metacarpal of Muntiacus muntjak Table A.22.3. Measurements of Metatarsal of Muntiacus muntjak

ix

Plate XIIB. Axis axis: Antlers. Plate XIIIA. Cervus unicolor: 1. Calcaneum, 2. &3. Astragalus, 4. Third phalanx, 5. Second phalanx. Plate XIIIB. Hystrix indica: Proximal and distal ends of Femur. Plate XIVA. Lepus nigricollis: 1. Pelvis, 2. Humerus distal, 3. Femur proximal, 4. &5. Humerus distal, 6. Femur head. Plate XIVB. Herpestes edwardsi: 1-4. Mandibles, 5. Femur, 6. Scapula. Plate XVA. Pavo cristatus: Long bones Plate XVB. Reptiles: First row- Mandibles of snake, Second row- Mandibles of crocodile, Third row- Vertebrae of crocodile. Plate XVIA. Turtle/Tortoise: 1. Pelvis, 2. Femur, 3. Humerus, 4. &5. Vertebrae, 6. Femur, 7. Phalanx. Plate XVIB. Carapace: 1, 2 & 5. Trionyx gangeticus, 3&4. Kachuga sp., 6. Chitra indica. Plate XVIIA. Fish bones. Plate XVIIB. Marine Shells: 1, 4 -6. Meretrix sp., 2. Paphia sp., 3. Marcia recens. Plate XVIIIA. Marine Shells: 1. &2. Turbo coronatus, 3. &5. Turbinella pyrum, 4. Turritella sp. Plate XVIIIB. Fresh water bivalves: First and second row- Parreyssia corrugata, Third row- Lamellidens marginalis. Plate XIX. Fresh water gastropods: 1-3 & 5. Viviparus bengalensis, 6. Melanis striatella tuberculata. Fresh water bivalve: 4. Parreyssia corrugata. Plate XXA. Hunting Whistles made on First phalanges of Bos indicus. Plate XXB. Drilling marks on calcaneum, tibia and Metapodia of Antilope cervicapra. Plate XXIA. Drilling marks on the phalanges of Antilope cervicapra. Plate XXIB. Effect of gastric juice of Carnivores on bones.

Plate IVB. Capra/Ovis: 1. Humerus proximal, 2. Horn core, 3. Humerus distal, 4. Femur distal, 5. Tibia distal, 6. Part of Pelvis. Plate VA. Sus domesticus: 1. Mandible, 2. Scapula, 3. Ulna, 4. Radius, 5. Femur, 6. Tibia, 7. Astragalus, 8. Second Phalanx, 9. Radius, 10. Calcaneum. Plate VB. Canis familiaris: 1. Humerus proximal, 2. & 3. Humerus distal, 4. Ulna, 5. Tibia distal, 6. Tibia proximal. Plate VIA. Equus caballus: 1. Lumber vertebra, 2. Metapodial distal, 3. Tibia distal, 4. First Phalanx, 5-7. Dentition. Plate VIB. Panthera pardus: 1. Metapodia, 2. &3. Scapula, 4-6. First phalanges. Plate VIIA. Felis chaus: 1. &2. Pelvis, 3. Tibia proximal, 4. Femur proximal. Plate VIIB. Bos gaurus: 1. Third phalanx, 2. &3. First phalanges. Plate VIIIA. Tetracerus quadricornis: Horn cores. Plate VIIIB. Antilope cervicapra: First row- First phalanges, Second rowSecond phalanges, Third row- Third phalanges. Plate IXA. Antilope cervicapra: Skull fragments with horn cores. Plate IXB. Antilope cervicapra: Mandibles. Plate XA. Antilope cervicapra: Proximal ends of 1. Humerus, 2. Radius, 3. Femur, 4. Tibia and Distal ends of 5. Humerus, 6. Radius, 7. Femur, 8. Tibia. Plate XB. Antilope cervicapra: 1. &2. Proximal and distal ends of Metatarsal, 3. &4. Proximal and distal ends of Metacarpal, 5. &6. Astragalus, 7. &8. Calcaneum, 9. &10. Centrotarsal. Plate XIA. Boselaphus tragocamelus: First rowMetacarpals Second row- Metatarsals. Plate XIB. Boselaphus tragocamelus: 1. Calcaneum, 2. Astragalus, 3. Centrotarsal, 4. First phalanx, 5. Second phalanx, 6. Third phalanx. Plate XIIA. Axis axis: 1. &2. First phalanges, 3. &4. Second phalanges, 5. Centrotarsal, 6. Astragalus, 7. Tibia distal.

x

Acknowledgement During the preparation of this thesis many persons have helped me in various ways. I am glad to record my indebtedness to them. I am greatly indebted to Dr. P.K. Thomas, my supervisor for his guidance, encouragement and untiring help. He has really taught me A to Z of Archaeozoology for which I will always be very grateful to him. I wish to thank Prof. M. K. Dhavalikar, former Director of Deccan College for allowing me to study the faunal material from Inamgaon. I owe my sincere thanks to Prof. V. N. Misra and the Deccan College authorities for initially giving me a scholarship and necessary institutional help. Prof. Misra was always kind and considerate. I am grateful to the Indian Council of Historical Research for awarding me a research fellowship for the completion of this thesis. I am thankful to S. B. Ota, who showed me the right way to start my career in Archaeology. Dr. Sushma Deo and Dr. P. P. Joglekar for the computer help and providing useful suggestions. I also thank Ms. Kathleen Ryan of the University of Pennsylvania, USA, for valuable suggestions and comments. I wish to thank Arati, Chandraratne and S. M. Atre for their support and various kinds of help, especially Y. Matsushima for helping me drawing and photography. I am grateful to all my dear friends especially, Bilal and Sukanya Sharma who were always with me in my hour of greatest need. I also thank to Dattoba for serving me hot cups of tea during my working hours. I am thankful to the other staff members of the Department of Archaeology, Library and office of the Deccan College for the co-operation they offered me. My special thanks to Dr. M. M. Hoque for his constant support and encouragement. I am dedicating this research work to my parents Mr. Jaydeo J. Pawankar and Mrs. Maya J. Pawankar with deepest sense of gratitude who are responsible to brought me up this stage. Seema J. Pawankar

xi

Introduction been used in a variety of operations like ploughing, running irrigation devices and for thrashing harvested crops. These and other animals were used as pack animals as well as for riding. Several of them were used for drawing carts and chariots as also for running oil presses.

1.1 Significance of Archaeozoological studies Animals have played an important role in the subsistence of human societies right from the emergence of man on our planet some five million years ago to almost the present times. Until about 10,000 years ago all human societies everywhere in the world lived by hunting and gathering and then slowly the societies learned to domesticate plants and animals. Some groups in the Near East, Mesoamerica and probably in South East Asia learned to cultivate plants and animals around 10,000 years ago. These developments were of far reaching consequences in human history. Groups which learned agriculture and animal husbandry were able to settle down permanently in villages. The villages slowly developed into towns and cities. And around 5000 years ago the first civilizations developed in the valleys of Nile, Tigris-Euphrates and the Indus. The knowledge of agriculture spread rapidly among the hunting gathering communities through out the world. But even today there are societies which continue to live wholly or partially by hunting and gathering.

The relationship between man and animals transcended the purely utilitarian level even during the hunting stage. Man felt close emotional affinity to the animals which formed the source of his food and shared his environment. That explains the fact that a number of goat heads were buried around the skeleton of a Neanderthal man at Teshik Tash in Uzbekistan. At Buzahome a Neolithic site in Kashmir, Dog/wolf heads were buried with a human dead body. The Chalcolithic site of Ramapuram in Andhra Pradesh has yielded partial and complete burials of goat in Human graves. The Megalithic stone circles in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, belonging to the Iron Age period, have brought to light partial burials of horses in the form of skulls and lower extremities of limb bones. Pets or utilitarian animal to whom an individual was closely attached were buried with the person in his grave.

Since the earliest times man has depended on animals, including fish, birds, insects, etc. for his food. For hunter-gatherer societies animals constituted a major source of food. Man began his hunting career with preying on small land mammals and by the beginning of Acheulian stage was able to hunt or trap large mammals. In the Upper Palaeolithic period and particularly during the Mesolithic period trapping, snaring and catching of birds and fish assumed considerable importance. From the beginning of the Neolithic period the role of hunting began to decline, but man was now able to kill domestic animals for food. From this stage onwards man probably also began using animal milk as source of food. Our knowledge of the economic practices and food habits of the prehistoric populations is largely based on the surviving animal remains.

Therefore, the study of animal remains or the science of Archaeozoology is an integral part of Archaeology, dealing with a major part of the cultural history of the ancient human populations. However, a few decades back there was very little awareness among the archaeologists about the full scientific potential of the faunal assemblages from archaeological sites. In this process valuable data based on fauna were permanently lost. It is a welcome sign that in recent years archaeologists everywhere in the world are giving much emphasis on the faunal studies. Study of these dry, dirty and dusty bones can tell us more about man-animal relationship and several aspects of the past cultures. Meticulously collected faunal assemblage from an archaeological site can throw light on animal domestication, food economy of ancient population, past environment, season of occupation of site, religious and social aspects, cultural contacts, activity area within site,

After man learnt to domesticate the animals, their role further increased in the economy. Now besides supplying food they also became source of energy. Ox, horse, buffalo, camel, etc. have

1

exploiting animals for their secondary products like milk, wool, dung, etc.

secondary uses of animals, bone tool technology, techniques of butchery and hunting, palaeopathology, cooking practices, the distribution and migration of animals in the past and taphonomical aspects of the bones recovered.

According to Ducos (1989), domestication can be said to exist when living animals are integrated as objects into the socio-economic organization of the human group, in the sense that, while living, those animals are objects for ownership, inheritance, exchange, trader, etc.

1.2 Domestication of Animals Domestication of animals is a highly developed man-animal relationship which has forced man to settle down and have a sedentary way of life. If one looks at the diversity of wild animal species exploited during the hunting-gathering and later periods, the number of domesticated animals is very few. Not all the wild animals were domesticated, only animals with certain characteristics like docile nature and sociability were found domesticated. This particularly shows the knowledge of the early human populations about the animal behaviour.

Bokonyi (1989) has given his opinion on Ducos’s definition of domestication. He says that if domestication means integration of living animals as objects into socio-economic groups, one necessarily has to change the living conditions of the animals by isolating them, corralling them, etc. Inheritance, exchange, trade etc. are consequences of domestication not components. Clutton-Brock’s (1989) definition of domestication is very close to Bokonyi’s definition. According to her a domesticated animal is one that has been bred in captivity for purposes of economic profit to a human community that maintains complete mastery over its breeding, organization of territory and food supply.

The process of domestication may have started much earlier than the ‘Neolithic Revolution’. Child (1928) himself has stated that it is not a catastrophic change. The prelude to Neolithic Revolution must have been much longer than what is initially thought to be. Now more and more archaeological evidences are surfacing to support this. Domestication may have started in different times at different places, where the wild animals were available. The idea travels faster than the goods.

Zeuner (1963) thinks that social interaction or keeping pet animals by women and children may have led to the process of domestication. He also calls this as ‘mothering instinct’. Actually this idea was put forth a century ago by Francis Galton (1883). This may be true for the domestication of dog, but to a lesser extent in animals like pigs, cattle, etc.

A domestic animal is defined as one whose breeding is largely controlled by humans. This is a very general definition of a domestic animal. Bokonyi (1989) defines the essence of domestication “as the capture and taming by man of animal species with particular behavioural characteristics, their removal from their natural living area and breeding community and their maintenance under controlled breeding conditions for mutual benefits”. Domestication is also defined as a sort of symbiosis. Symbiosis is a biological process – the relationship between two living organisms for their mutual benefit. Ducos (1989) argues that man and animal are not partners. He believes that domestication is not a natural state; it exists, because human wished it and not animal. Man domesticated animals for food purposes and in later period he realized their importance for agriculture, for traction and for carrying people and goods. Man also started

Binford (1968) and Flannery (1969) suggest that the stress situation caused by demographic pressure may have been a stimulus for the process of domestication. Due to demographic pressure and decline in resources, people were forced to move out of the ‘optimal zones’ into the ‘marginal zones’, where situation similar to the former was created by acquiring plants and animals from the ‘optimal zones’. Probably in due course of time this led to the domestication of plants and animals. During the period between 14000 and 8000 years BP., the culture, the attitudes and the behavior of people changed. Man became a farmer more than a hunter (Reed 1984). An increase of human population was the main factor, which stimulated

2

domestication is the domesticated animal. Therefore, domestication is both a cultural and biological process.

people to cultivate crops (Cohen 1977). Due to continuous animal hunting and rise of population, the number of wild animals decreased, which could have compelled man to domesticate animals like sheep and goat (Khan 1975).

The beginning of cultivation and domestication of plants and animals is clearer in south western Asia than elsewhere (Reed 1984). The transition from food gathering to food producing took place in the southern alluvial plain of Mesopotamia, the low hills at the foot of the Zagros and Taurus mountains, the valleys of those mountains, the high plateaux of Turkey and the coastal area and the low hills of the eastern Mediterranean (Clason 1979).

Soon after the Pleistocene period, we find evidence of dogs in southwestern Asia. According to Reed (1984), people while hunting might have taken the living young of killed animals back to camp. Such primitive pet wolf pups might have been the beginning of the domestication of wolves into dogs. According to some scholars, wolves also realized the advantages of hunting together with man, and joined him voluntarily to bring the domestic dog into being. Dog is the oldest domestic animal to have been used as food. Even today the dog is eaten in wide areas of the world in Asia and among the aborigines of South America (Herre 1969).

Approximately 10,000 years ago in the Near East man domesticated sheep and goat. The domestication of goat completely changed the mode of life of man. Goat is a browser and plays an important role in the maintenance of pastures and arable fields in deforested areas (Khan 1975). When agriculture was properly established the importance of goat in the fertile regions was lost. This species was pushed to the semi-arid region to feed on thorny shrub vegetation or to the mountain ranges.

The domestication of cattle began in the early phase of agricultural development. In the early phase of agriculture, people started settling down by the river side on flood plains. According to Zeuner’s (1963) ‘crop robbers’ hypothesis, during the early Neolithic period the domestication of animals like cattle, buffalo, elephant, rabbit and goose was a necessary step to control and prevent animal from stealing man’s crops.

Wool producing races of sheep were developed in the temperate zones and they also provided meat and milk. Breeds are adapted to tropical zones, where man is not interested in wool; there they bred for meat and milk. Sheep were economically of greater importance for the hot semi-arid region than goat (Khan 1975).

Issac’s (1962) ‘Religious’ hypothesis of animal domestication; suggests that the motive for animal domestication was religious. He links it between the shape of animal horns and the shape of ancient deity, the moon. Probably the theory was connected with ox sacrifice in the agricultural societies as a sort of religious practice. It is believed that cattle domestication started much later in the sequence of domesticated animals, and was probably during the agricultural phase. Animals such as dog, sheep and goat were domesticated much earlier than cattle in the pre-agricultural phase. Thus, cattle sacrifice may not have been a stimulus for the origin of domestic animals or the process of domestication.

Morphologically domestic animals differ from their wild ancestors in a number of ways, e.g. general body proportions, shapes of the horn, colour of the body, hair and fleece. A few of the characteristics are reflected in the skeleton. Some of the animals have become smaller in size like cattle, sheep, goat, pig, etc., while some have gained in size like horse, chicken, etc. It is interesting to note that some remained the same, like camel. Recent experiments show that the morphological changes occur after about thirty generations. In smaller animals like dog, sheep, goat, etc. each generation is 2-3years, hence the changes can be observed after 60-90 years whereas, in larger animals like cattle, buffalo, horse, etc. the change is visible in period of 120150 years.

Domestication is a complex interaction between man and animal. Its consequences are influenced by society, economy, ideology, environment, way of life, etc. (Bokonyi 1989). The result of

3

In India the earliest evidence for domesticated animals is reported from the Mesolithic sites, Bagor in the district of Bhilwara in Rajasthan and Adamgarh, in the district of Hoshangabad in the Central India. The date of the Mesolithic cultural phase is 6245 ± 200 B.P. at Bagor and at Adamgarh dates are 2765 ± 105 B.P., TF 116 and 7240 ± 125 B.P., TF 120 (Agrawal & Kusumagar 1968). The dating of the Mesolithic culture of Adamgarh is not clear. Two enigmatic C14 dates from the site have been determined and are based on uncharred bone and on shell. In both cases the probability of contamination of the samples is considered high (Thomas 1975), and dating is far from secure. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and ass are reported from Adamgarh. At Bagor sheep and goats were predominant followed by cattle. The Mesolithic culture represents a transition from hunting and gathering to food producing way of life. This is considered to be a gradual process. Evidence is lacking for local domestication of animals at both the sites. Hence, the process of domestication may have been brought to the settlement in an already domesticated state.

In Western Maharashtra, out of the total fourteen Chalcolithic sites excavated only Inamgaon, Kaothe and Walki excavation reports have detailed study of faunal remains. The reports of Nevasa, Apegaon, Daimabad and Nasik have given only the list of animal species represented, the rest of the4 excavation reports do not mention anything about faunal remains, except at times a small description of the animal motifs on terracotta wares.

1.4. The objective The objective of this study is to find out the mananimal relationship in the ancient past, especially among the early farmers of western India. The main focus of this work is the study of faunal remains retrieved from the Chalcolithic site, Inamgaon, district Pune in Maharashtra, at present housed in the Archaeozoology laboratory of the Deccan College, Pune. The entire material has been analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively by using some improved archaeozoological techniques. The results of this study will be compared with the other Chalcolithic sites of Maharashtra from where faunal remains have been already studied such as Kaothe, Daimabad, Walki, Nasik, Nevasa, Apegaon, Tuljapur garhi and Adam. Probably this could throw some more light on the mode of exploitation of both domestic and wild animals in relation to the functional aspects of the Chalcolithic culture.

1.3. Chalcolithic Cultures of western India The Chalcolithic culture in western India flourished in the Tapi, the Godavari, and the Krishna river valleys. The best black cotton soil occurs in this area which may have attracted the early farmers to settle down in this region. The concentration of the Chalcolithic sites is found mainly in western Maharashtra. The beginning of settled life in Maharashtra can chronologically be placed into four cultural phases: the Savalda (2200 B.C.-1800 B.C.), Late Harappan (1800 B.C. - 1600B.C.), Malwa (1600 B.C. – 1400 B.C.) and Jorwe (1400 B.C. – 700 B.C.) based on terracotta wares from the Chalcolithic sites. The number of Chalcolithic sites include Prakashe, Savalda, Bahurupa, Bahal, Kaothe, Tekwada in Tapi valley; Nasik, Jorwe, Daimabad, Nevasa and Apegaon in Godavari valley and Chandoli, Walki, Inamgaon and Songaon in Bhima valley. Bhima basin is in fact, a tributary basin of the Krishna but its length and drainage area in the Deccan marks it out as a distinct relief region (Deshpande 1948).

4

The Sites, Their Ecological Setting and Cultural Sequence 2.1. Chalcolithic sites Over 200 Chalcolithic sites have been reported from Maharashtra, a majority of which belonged to the Early Jorwe period followed by the Malwa and very few of the Late Jorwe period. Of the total fourteen excavated Chalcolithic sites, in western Maharashtra only Inamgaon, Kaothe, Walki, Tuljapur Garhi and Adam (Fig. 2.1) have

produced reports of detailed faunal studies. Nevasa, Apegaon, Daimabad and Nasik have given only brief reports do not mention anything about the faunal remains except for some small description of stray animal motifs depicted on the pottery. Published data from the above sites are also used for comparative purposes.

Fig.2.1. Map showing Chalcolithic sites referred in the Text.

1. Kaothe, 2. Nasik, 3. Daimabad, 4. Nevasa, 5. Apegaon, 6. Walki, 7. Inamgaon, 8. Tuljapur Garhi and 9. Adam.

Early Jorwe Phase 1400 B.C. – 1000 B.C. Late Jorwe Phase 1000 B.C. – 700 B.C.

Inamgaon The Chalcolithic site at Inamgaon (N lat. 18º36’; E long. 74º32’) in Pune district is situated on the right bank of the river Ghod, a tributary of the Bhima. The total inhabited area roughly measures 550x430 m. The maximum length of the mound north-south is 215 m and the breadth east-west is 175 m. The total cultural deposit is 4.18 m thick. Three cultural phases were noticed and they are as follows:

This is one of the most extensive Chalcolithic sites in Maharashtra. This site was excavated by Late Prof. H. D. Sankalia, Prof. M. K. Dhavalikar and Dr. Z. D. Ansari from the Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune for about twelve field seasons between 1968-1984 (Dhavalikar, et.al. 1988a). The Chalcolithic settlement at Inamgaon is situated on an alluvial fill terrace about 14 m above the bed level of the river Ghod. Geologically this area is covered by

Malwa Phase 1600 B.C. – 1400 B.C.

5

In the earlier part of this century, there was thick scrub forest, and small games were plentifully available and also small herds of deer and wild boar. But the increasing human population has been destroying the forest cover with the result that the landscape today is totally bare and almost all wild animals became totally extinct with the depletion of the forest cover.

Cretaceous-Eocene Deccan Trap basalts. Except the older alluvium of the Holocene age there are no later formations. This area falls in typical semi-arid zone with the mean annual rainfall 500 mm. The rainfall is received from the southwest monsoons during the four months from mid June to mid October. The soils around this region are black in colour. Black colour of the soil is due to the presence of clay-humus colloidal complex formed by bio-inorganic processes.

The important feature of this Jorwe culture site is its circular huts with flimsy floors and had no solid walls which indicate their temporary nature. The settlement was occupied only during the winter season. The bone tool made of the shoulder bone of cattle had two perforations and was triangle in shape and the 35 cm long antler fragment which was hollow. These two tools are very significant and unique findings. Probably these tools were associated with agricultural operations.

The vegetation is of scrub type. The xerophytic vegetation includes typical species like Bor (Zizyphus jujube), wild Babhul (Acacia Arabica), Khair (Acacia catechu), Chinch (Tamarindus indica), etc. The food economy of the early farming communities at Inamgaon was based on subsistence agriculture, stock-raising, hunting and fishing. The plant remains from the site reveal that the inhabitants had knowledge of double cropping (Kajale 1988). Large rectangular structures are identified as granaries in the Malwa and the Early Jorwe phases. In the Malwa and Early Jorwe, the structures are rectangular in shape and are circular in the Late Jorwe phase (Dhavalikar 1988).

More than 50,000 fragments of bones have been collected from this excavation. The 26 species identified include mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes. Cattle was the most predominant animal in the food economy and the second most important animal was blackbuck which was excessively hunted by the inhabitants of Walki (Joglekar 1992; Joglekar and Thomas 1995).

A major part of the faunal remains have been studied by Thomas (1988). The faunal assemblage comprises mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes and mollusks. Over 35 animal species are identified at Inamgaon. The domestic animals identified are cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, dog, pig, horse and ass and the wild animal species are sambar, chital, blackbuck, four horned antelope, hare and mongoose, etc.

Kaothe The Chalcolithic site, Kaothe (N lat.21º 00’; E long. 74º 18’) is situated on the left bank of the river Kan, a tributary of the river Panjhara which is a major tributary of the river Tapi. This site was excavated under the leadership of Prof. M.K. Dhavalikar. Kaothe is located at a distance of half a kilometer west of the present village at an elevation of 415 m. The river Kan has developed a shallow meander and the Chalcolithic settlement is confined to the inner periphery of the meander on a 7 to 8 m high alluvial flat surface. The settlement is roughly oblong in shape and spread over an extensive area of about 30 hector.

Walki The ancient site Walki (N lat.18º 35’; E long. 74º 18’) is located about 32 km west of Inamgaon, in the Pune district. It is situated on the right bank of the river Bhima near the confluence of river Mula. This was excavated by Prof. M. K. Dhavalikar for two field seasons between 1985 and 1987. The site was probably occupied around 1200 B.C. (Dhavalikar et. al. 1990b).

Kaothe is a single culture site, cultural debris is very thin therefore, trenches were dug in three localities viz. KTE I located in the eastern side of the site, KTE II was in the central part, whereas KTE III was located to the northwest of KTE II. The single radiocarbon date available for the Kaothe is 1920 ±90 B.C. (uncalibradted). This provides a time bracket of 2000 – 1800 B.C. for Kaothe cultural phase (Dhavalikar, et.al. 1990 a).

The site is located in the semi-arid zone of north Deccan where the annual rainfall is around 500 mm and most of it occurs during the monsoon months from June to October. The remaining eight months are characterised by extremely dry weather.

6

The region around the ancient site is covered by Cretaceous – Eocene Deccan trap basalts and the common rock type is mainly compact and vesicular varieties of basalt.

Sankalia and S.B. Deo in 1950-51. The mound is nearly 30 m high, 243 m in length and 122 m in breadth. The habitation deposit reveals four cultural periods. Radiocarbon dates are not available hence; time period has been assigned with the help of pottery wares, coins and other artifacts. Chronology of the cultural periods is as follows: Period I Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age 500 B.C. -1000 B.C. to 1500 B.C. or earlier Period II A. Early Historic 200 B.C. - 300 B.C. to 400 B.C. B. Later phase of Early Historic 50 A. D. to 200 A.D. Period III Roman contact Period IV A. Early Muslim B. Mughal 1400 A.D. to 1875 A.D. C. Maratha

This region can broadly be classified as hot semi-arid monsoonic. It receives an average rainfall of about 1200 mm. This area is less affected by droughts and scarcity conditions as compared to similar semi-arid region of Deccan upland drained by the rivers Godavari, Bhima and Krishna. Soils are pedocal type black soils or vertisols and are medium textured with clay content varying from 35 to 50 %. The black colour of the soil is mainly due to the presence of clay-humus colloidal complex formed by bioinorganic process. The natural vegetation around Kaothe consists of thorn and scrub type forest represented by the xerophytic plant species, includes Bor (Zyzyphus jujuba), Babhul (Acacia arabica wild), Chinch (Tamrindus indica), etc., and the wild animals of this region are fox, jackal, wolf and hare.

George (1955) has studied the animal remains from Nasik and identified domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and dog. Wild animals include nilgai, four-horned antelope, chital, sambar and langur. All these animals are common in the Chalcolithic culture of Western India.

Thomas and Joglekar (1990) have studied the faunal remains and identified 38 species of animals which include mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes, crustaceans and molluscs. Domestic animals reported from here include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and dog, while wild animals are nilgai, blackbuck, four-horned antelope, chital, sambar, hog deer, barking deer, wild pig, fox, civet, bear, langur, porcupine, mongoose and rat.

Daimabad At present Daimabad (N lat. 19º 31’; E long.74º 42’) is a deserted village situated on the left bank of the river Pravara, a tributary of the Godavari and was excavated by S.A. Sali (1986). The site measured about 1000 m in length and 500 m in breadth. The thickness of the occupational deposit is approximately 10 m. Climatically, This site is situated in semi-arid zone and the average rainfall is 600 mm per annum. The vegetation around Daimabad is of dry deciduous type. The wild animals like jackal, fox, wild hog, blackbuck, chinkara and hare are seen occasionally.

As compared to other some of the archaeological sites, the density of faunal assemblage at Kaothe is more considering the thickness of the deposit as well as the area excavated. Probably it reveals the fact that the inhabitants of Kaothe were more depended on animal food rather than agricultural products in their subsistence (Thomas and Joglekar 1990). Pit dwelling is an important feature of this culture. The evidence from Palaeobotany, Zooarchaeology and Ethnographic parallels indicates a seasonal occupation at the site. These Savalda people may have occupied site only during monsoon. Their economy was based more on stock-raising, subsistence agriculture and hunting-fishing.

The occupational deposit consists of five cultural periods and is as follows: Period I is Savalda culture, represented by 20-30 cm thick deposit of blackish brown colour, resting upon the black soil; dated 2200 B.C. – 2000 B.C. Period II is the Late Harappan culture, dated 2000 B.C. – 1800 B.C. Period III Daimabad culture, named after buff and cream Daimabad ware and dated 1800 B.C. – 1600 B.C. Period IV Malwa culture, 1600 B.C. – 1400 B.C. Period V Jorwe culture, 1400 B.C. – 1000B.C.

Nasik Nasik (N lat. 20º 00’; E long. 73º 51’) is an ancient town situated on both bank of the river Godavari. This site was excavated by H.D.

7

Nevasa, Godavari is 11 km away towards north, flowing almost parallel to the Pravara and meeting at Pravara sangam about 11 km to the west of Nevasa. The extensive field survey shows that these rivers flowed in the Middle Pleistocene times in a very wide valley and deposited large coarser gravels and fine silt.

This site was occupied by the inhabitants from the last quarter of the third millennium B.C. to the end of the second millennium B.C. Subsistence economy was depended on agriculture and stock raising. By looking at the botanical evidences, people of Daimabad had the knowledge of double cropping; winter (Kharif) and summer (Rabi) crops. Chariot, elephant, rhinoceros and buffalo made of Bronze and terra-cotta animal figurines unearthed at the site point out the aesthetic and artistic qualities of the population at Daimabad.

A weathered deposit had been found in between the Chalcolithic period and the Early Historic period. This weathered deposit consisted of blackish soil of a thickness varying between 2645 cm. This layer indicates the long time gap between the occupations of period III and period IV, due to abandonment of the site after about 1000 B.C.

The animal remains from Daimabad depict the presence of both wild and domestic animals (Badam 1986), which include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, ass, dog, cat, elephant as domestic and nilgai, blackbuck, four-horned antelope, chital, sambar and barasingha as wild. In addition to this avian and aquatic resources were also exploited.

The faunal assemblage from the site has been studied by Eapen (1960). A major part of the faunal remains consist bones of domestic animals such as cattle and sheep/goat followed by the bones of barasingha. However, in the Indo-Roman period cattle bones were predominant over others followed by sheep/goat. It is interesting to note that pig bones were absent in the collection.

Nevasa The town Nevasa (N lat. 19º 34’; E long. 74º 54’) is located on both the banks of the river Pravara, a major tributary of Godavari. Nevasa Budruk is situated on the northern bank of the river while Nevasa Khurd is on the southern bank of the river.

Clason (1979) had restudied the faunal material from Nevasa. From the Chalcolithic period she had identified domestic animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, donkey, dog and cat. Wild animals include nilgai, four-horned antelope, blackbuck, sambar and chital. Remains of domestic fowl were found in the Chalcolithic as well as in Muslim-Maratha period. Maxilla of a young elephant was collected from the IndoRoman period.

About half a mile to the west of the Nevasa Khurd, there are three mounds in a series, cut up by several gullies. The first mound on the southern bank is traditionally called Ladmod. It measures approximately 27 m north-south and 116 m east-west. Its western and southern slopes are very much distorted by earth-grabbers, whereas the northern edge is virtually a cliff overhanging the river. This mound is higher than the other three and rises about 21 m over the level of the Pravara.

Apegaon Apegaon (N lat. 19º 36’ 30”; E long. 75º 29’ 30”), situated on the left bank of river the Godavari in district Aurangabad. This site was excavated under the direction of S.B. Deo in 1976. The habitation mound locally called as Ramatirth measures about 100 m in length and 70 m in breadth. The total deposit was about two meters. Three cultural phases have been found and are assigned on the basis of ceramics (Deo, Dhavalikar and Ansari 1979).

The material from excavation and exploration in and around Nevasa has been grouped into six cultural periods and are as follows: Period I Lower Palaeolithic (Middle Pleistocene) c. 1, 50, 000 years. Period II Middle Palaeolithic (Upper Pleistocene) c. 25, 000 years. Period III Chalcolithic c. 1, 500B.C. – 1000 B.C. Period IV Early Historic c. 150 B.C. – 50 B.C. Period V Late Early Historic (Indo-Roman) c. 50 B.C. – 200 A.D. Period VI Medieval (Muslim-Maratha) c. 1, 400 A.D. – 1, 700 A.D.

Period I, Ramatirth culture 16th cent. B. C. Pottery ware from this cultural phase was called Ramatirth ware after the name of the mound. Ramatirth ware is medium thick in fabric with carded surface and with dull brown slip and geometric paintings in dull black. The average thickness of this cultural deposit was of 0.5 m. The excavators of Daimabad hold that the

Geologically, The river Pravara and the Godavari belong to a mature river system. At

8

cultivated both the winter and summer crops (Kajale 1988).

Ramatirth ware is identical with the Savalda ware, whose stratigraphic position is much earlier. Houses of this cultural period were circular in shape with lime floors. There was no evidence of flora and fauna from this cultural phase.

Thomas (1992) has studied the faunal remains of the site. Altogether fourteen animal species are identified including mammals, reptiles, birds and molluscs. Domestic animals like cattle, goat, dog and ass and wild animals such as four-horned antelope, chital, hog deer, wild pig and mongoose are identified. Cattle were predominant in both the cultural phases.

Period II, Malwa-Jorwe culture 15th cent. B. C. Period III, Late Jorwe culture 15th to 10th cent. B. C. The subsistence economy of the inhabitants of Apegaon was based on agriculture and stockraising. A variety of grains are found like pea, green gram, lentil, grass pea, wheat, barley, horse gram, black gram and Indian jujube which show that the people at Apegaon carried out farming activities both in the winter and summer.

Adam The site Adam (N lat. 21º 00’; E long. 79º 27’), is situated on the left bank of the Waghor of the Wainganga drainage system. Adam is located about 60 km southeast of Nagpur. The site measures approximately 8000 m east-west and 500 m. north-south and the height of the mound is 8 m from the surrounding plains. The site was excavated by Shri. Amarendra Nath, of the Nagpur Excavation Branch, Archaeological Survey of India (1988-89). Excavation reveals five fold cultural sequences and is as follows: Period I, 50 cm thick and dated between 3rd and 2nd millennium B.C. Period II, Vidarbha Chalcolithic dated roughly to the 1st quarter of the 2nd millennium B.C. Period III has been assigned between circa 1000 B.C. and 500 B.C. This period is characterized by the introduction of Iron. Period IV, Pre-Mauryan and Mauryan dated 500 B.C. and 150 B.C. Period V, Attributed to the Bhadras, Mitras, Satavahans and Maratha rulers on the basis of numismatic and epigraphical evidences.

Faunal remains from this site include the bones of domestic animals like cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. There was no evidence of horse, dog and pig bones. Cattle were the predominant animal in the food economy of the inhabitants. Apart from domestic animals, wild animals such as chital, sambar?, blackbuck, nilgai, mongoose, etc. have also been identified (Badam 1979).

Tuljapur Garhi Tuljapur Garhi (N lat.21º 10’; E long. 77º 35’), a Chalcolithic site, in district Amaravati is situated on the right bank of the river Purna, a tributary of the river Tapi. The concentration of the Chalcolithic sites is generally seen in western Maharashtra. This site is one of the first Chalcolithic settlements excavated in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. The site was excavated under the supervision of Shri. B.P. Bopardikar, Nagpur Excavation Branch of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1984-85. The length of the mound measures 210 m northsouth and breadth 90 m east-west. The thickness of the cultural deposit is 1.5 m. The entire cultural deposit consists of Jorwe and Malwa cultural debris. There is one radio carbon date for the Malwa phase and three for the Jorwe phase. They are as follows:

The faunal remains of the site have been studied by Thomas (in press). The fauna comprises mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and molluscs. The domestic animals represented are cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, dog and pig. Among wild animals gaur, wild buffalo, wolf, jackal, wild pig, chital, sambar, barasingha, nilgai, blackbuck, etc. are identified.

2.2. General Ecological Setting of the Region

Malwa phase 2870 ± 100 years B.P. Jorwe phase 2410 ± 100 years B.P. 3310 ± 90 years B.P. and 340 ± 90 years B.P.

The development of a culture is governed by the ecological factors of the region. So, any cultural study will be incomplete without the mention of the ecology of the region.

The food economy of the early farmers of the site was based on agriculture, stock raising and hunting. Fifteen plant species are identified. The botanical remains reveal that the inhabitants had

9

sandstones, Dhrangadhra freestone and Ahmednagar sandstone of Idar indicate their upper Gondwana sequence (Deshpande 1971).

2.2a. Geography The area under study consists of a part of western India, mainly the western region of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Western Maharashtra region occupies the Sahyadri hill ranges, Deccan Plateau and Tapi Basin.

2.2c. Soils The best black soils occur in the region of Tapi, lower Godavari and Krishna valley. May be this is the reason that early farmers had settled in these valleys. Black-cotton soils have resulted from the weathering of the Trap and its transport over long distance in the valleys. Black colour of the soil is mainly due to the presence of clay humus colloidal complex which is formed by bio-inorganic processes. Montmorillonite is the main clay mineral. These soils are often referred to as self ploughing soils. Mature, deep dark brown soils occur in alluvial flats and immature with no profile development. Shallow, light brown soils are found on hill slopes and rocky pediments. In narrow Sahyadrian zone occur lateritic soils. The soils are poor in organic matter with pH varying between 5.5- 6.5. The lateritic soils are often covered with forest (Singh 1971, Rajaguru 1988 and Pappu 1988).

In Western India, the extensive basaltic sheet, which has a thickness of more than 2,000 m resulted from the consolidation of the lava during the Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene. The westward margin of the plateau in the relicts of the original plateau is preserved and the ancient surfaces of erosion are known as the Sahyadri. Its peak and plateaus are often covered with lateritic red soil and localized patches of the dense forest. The Sahyadri is a narrow crest zone and its width is 15-25 km. The Tapi basin in the north is an asymmetrical valley with a gentle southern slope and an abrupt rise to the north in the Satpura hills. The General height of the basin is 200-300 m above sea level in contrast to 400-600 m of the plateau drained by the Godavari and the Krishna rivers (Singh 1971).

Six types of soils occur in Gujarat; deep black soils or regur, medium black, coastal alluvium, alluvium-sandy loam, sandy alluvium and desert soil. There are two basic soil regions; plans and peninsulas. In south Gujarat the plain exhibits deep black soil and sandy loam soil in central Gujarat. The alluvial sandy soils occur in the western part of Mahsana Banaskantha. The northern part of Jamnagar, Rajkot and Surendranagar districts are covered with alluvium sandy soils derived from sandstones, cherts and conglomerates. Tracts of black cotton soil running from west to east on the basaltic surface occur in central Kathiawar. The Saurashtra coast, north Cambay and western coastal strip of Gujarat are clad with coastal alluvium and miliolites (Deshpande 1971).

The Deccan trap occupies the largest area in western India. It extends almost from the southern flanks of the Narmada valley to the banks of the Krishna. It also occupies central and southern Kathiawar. Gujarat region consisting of major and minor peninsulas, gulfs, islands, rann creeks, marshes, hills, plateaux and the coastal strip is covered by alluvium and miliolites (Deshpande 1948, 1971).

2.2b. Geology Geologically in western Maharashtra, there is only one formation i.e. Deccan traps of the Cretaceous-Eocene age. The Deccan traps are represented by varieties of basalts such as compact, mygdoloidal, porphysitic, brecciated and tachylitic types. The exposed rocks do not show any folding and faulting which indicate the absence of a major tectonic activity in this area since early tertiary times. Veins of Chalcedony are common in basalts exposed in this area (Rajaguru 1988).

2.2d. Drainage Western Maharashtra region is drained by Tapi, Godavari and Krishna rivers. Except the Tapi basin which is drained to the Arabian Sea, the rest of the region is drained to the Bay of Bengal. More than half of the area is covered by the Godavari basin and one fifth of the area by the Tapi and remaining by the Krishna. The plateau of Maharashtra is drained by the Godavari in the north and the Krishna and its tributaries in the south.

In Kutch is found the highest Gondwana groups, resting upon the marine Jurassic rocks and capped by the lower Cretaceous beds. Lithological marks in the form of plateaus, Umia sandstones and shale, Wadhwan sandstones, Narha Dark shale and flags overlain by

In Gujarat, numerous streams abound from Kori creek in the west. They carve out their valleys

10

less than 1000 mm and these regions are covered by pedocal type soils and thin deciduous and thorny scrub forest (Rajaguru 1973).

before uniting with the Gulf of Kutch. North flowing streams unite with Gulf of Kutch and the little Rann, while south flowing streams carve out their valleys in the Surat sea coast, west flowing streams like Bhadar and Ojat merge in the Arabian Sea. The eastward drainage line like the Shatrunji and others discharge their water in the Gulf of Cambay. The Sabarmati and Mahi rivers form drainage net with their feeders. The Narmada and Tapi from east to west align along the rift valleys and unite with Gulf of Cambay. The Mahi, the Narmada and the Tapi form the main arteries of the Gujarat Plain. The Banas, the Sarswati, the Vishvamitri, the Dhadhar, the Kim, the Purna, the Ambika, the Auranga, the Damanganga, the Shatrunji, the Bhadar, the Aji are either merge in the Rann of Kutch or fall into the Gulf of Cambay and the Arabian Sea (Deshpande (1971).

2.2f. Flora and Fauna A major part of this area falls in the semi-arid zone with low rainfall and the region is covered with xerophytic type thin deciduous and dry thorny and scrub forest type of vegetation like Bor (Zizyphus jujuba), Babhul (Acacia Arabica wild), Chinch (Tamarindus indica), etc. The forests of the Western Ghats and of the Satpura range have left little wild life. The areas of Vidarbha have the best forests and have plentiful wild life. Sambar, chital, barking deer, nilgai, blackbuck, four-horned antelope, chinkara, wolf, jackal, fox, leopard, tiger, jungle cat, civets, bears, wild pig, gaur, wild buffalo, etc. are some of the mammals represented in this region.

2.2e. Climate The region of western India is subtropical monsoonic and rainfall is mostly from the southwest monsoon (Rajaguru 1973). In Maharashtra the maximum temperature in winter varies from 30º C and 35ºC. In summer the western part shows moderate heating, because of an effect of altitude and nearness to sea. The rain starts from June to October. During summer in Maharashtra and Gujarat the maximum temperature varies from 36.7º C to 43.3ºC. In winter the minimum temperature is between 2ºC and 18.3ºC. from November to February (Deshpande 1971).

The gazetteer of India (1965) mentions about the disappearance of crocodile, cheetah, two horned rhinoceros, Indian great bustard and deer species from the forests of the Western Ghats and Satpura range. Tiger was plentiful, particularly in Western Ghats and in the Mahabaleshwar plateau; however, in recent years they have become rare. Nilgai, blackbuck, chinkara, chowsingha and sambar were also plentiful in this area have become rare. Blackbuck once seen in thousands in the Deccan has now declined to the verge of extinction, are only found in a few pockets in the state. This may be due to extension of cultivation and reduction of forest areas and the grass lands.

The distribution of rainfall is mainly governed by the physical features of the region. Coastal Maharashtra, Western Ghats and South Gujarat receive more than 2000 mm rainfall. These regions are covered by pedalfar type soils and thick deciduous and semi evergreen forests. On the other hand the plateau of Maharashtra, north Gujarat, Saurashtra and Kutch receive rainfall

11

Methodology identify the bone fragments to species level, they have been assigned to general category called Bos/Bubalus group; certain fragments where it was impossible to tell whether they are cattle or buffalo or other large bovid are identified as large bovid.

The faunal remains of Inamgaon comprise the material collected for 12 field seasons between 1968 -1984. A part of the faunal material collected between 1968 -1971 was studied by A.T. Clason (1979). Almost the same specimens were restudied by Badam (1977). Later on the entire faunal material has been taken by Thomas (1988) for a detailed study. The whole faunal assemblage consisting of 66847 bone fragments housed in the Deccan College was available to me for detailed analysis. The bones were clean and some what better preserved. All the identified fragments were sorted out and recorded, giving trench, layer and accession numbers. Now these bones were ready for the identification to species or generic levels, whatever was possible.

The group of medium sized animals has several species of the same size range, such as sheep, goat, blackbuck, chinkara and small deer species. There are very minute morphological differences which require a careful study. Boessneck (1963) and Prummel and Frisch (1986) have studied the morphological difference in sheep and goat. Also the bones of sheep, goat and blackbuck are quite similar in appearance. Dr. Thomas has developed criteria to identify these animals (Thomas personal communication) and with the help of reference collection, it was easy to differentiate between sheep, goat and blackbuck. The author has found some more morphological differences among blackbuck, sheep and goat and they are as follows:

3.1. Species Identification The first and most important step in faunal analysis is the identification of fragments of bones to the species they belong to. In many cases an accurate identification to the species level was possible with the help of the reference skeletons of various domestic and wild animals, housed in the Archaeozoology laboratory of the Deccan College.

Mandible 1) Shape of the mandible is similar in blackbuck and goat and it is distinct in sheep. 2) In blackbuck the portion between the mandibular symphysis and the second premolar is flat, thin and long and in sheep and goat it is rounded, very thick and short. 3) The mental foramen is away from the second premolar and nearer to the symphysis in blackbuck and is in the centre of the symphysis and closer to the second premolar, in sheep and goat. 4) Mandible is thin in blackbuck and thick in sheep and goat. 5) Shape of the coronoid process of mandible is distinct in all the three species (Fig. 3.1).

Large sized animals like cattle, buffalo, horse, nilgai and sambar are almost of the same size range. With the help of certain morphological characters, it is easy to separate the bones of Bovidae, Cervidae and Equidae. When the species are closely related like cattle and buffalo, the identification of bones is problematic, because of their morphological similarities. Thomas (1977) has studied the osteological differences between cattle and buffalo. This was helpful in the analysis of faunal assemblage at Inamgaon. Whenever it was not possible to

12

Fig. 3.1. Mandible: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

13

sheep and goat. 6) The glenoid cavity is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat. 7) The tuber scapula is thin and curved in blackbuck and thick and broad in sheep and goat. 8) The anterior and posterior edges are sharp in blackbuck and are blunt in sheep and goat. 9) In blackbuck, from the medial side, the spine is not visible but in sheep and goat, it is visible. 10) In the neck region, the anterior and posterior borders are straight in blackbuck and goat. The anterior border is curved in sheep. 11) On the posterior border of the neck region, there is very prominent muscle striation in blackbuck; this is less prominent in goat and is absent in sheep (Fig. 3.2 a and b).

Scapula 1) Overall the shape of the scapula is long, narrow and elongated in blackbuck. In sheep and goat the scapula is broader. 2) The spine goes straight upwards in blackbuck and it is a little turned towards the anterior border of the scapula in sheep and goat. 3) In blackbuck the neck region is long and slender. It is long and broad in goat and thick and short in sheep. 4) The distance between the glenoid cavity and the spine is less in blackbuck than in sheep and goat. 5) On the posterior side of the neck region, there is a depression in blackbuck while it is flat in

Fig.3.2a. Scapula: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

Fig. 3.2b. Scapula: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

14

towards the proximal side is raised up in blackbuck, flat in goat and slightly raised up in sheep. 9) In blackbuck, the lateral and medial epicondyles terminate where the lateral and medial condyles end. In sheep and goat both the epicondyles terminates where the olecranon ends. 10) The condyles merge with coronoid fossa in blackbuck and in sheep and goat there is a distance between the condyles and the shaft which make a deep and wider coronoid fossa. 11) The shaft is more curved near the distal end in blackbuck than in the sheep and goat. 12) The groove on the medial condyle is deeper in blackbuck than in the sheep and goat. 13) The medial epicondyle is extending straight distally beyond the medial condyle in blackbuck. In sheep and goat it is extending to the level of the medial condyle. 14) Metrically the thickness and the width of the distal end vary in all the three species. 15) There is a depression on tuberculum majus on cranio-lateral side in blackbuck and it is absent in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.3 a, b and c). and in sheep and goat there is a depression. 15) The lateral facet is extended laterally and the medial facet is projected in sheep and goat and not in blackbuck. 16) In blackbuck the olecranon is slender and in sheep and goat it is broad and projected upward. 17) On the medial side the olecranon has a depression in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is flat. 18) The dorsal ridge of the ulna is sharp in blackbuck and rounded in sheep and goat. 19) The shape of the semilunar notch is different in blackbuck than in sheep and goat (Fig 3.4 a, b and c).

Humerus 1) The shaft of the humerus is short in length in blackbuck, slender in sheep and thick and long in goat. 2) The head is more elongated in blackbuck and flat in sheep and goat. 3) The tuberculum majus cranial is small and broad, it does not project upward from the shaft and the angle with the articular surface is less in blackbuck. In sheep and goat tuberculum majus cranial projects upward from the shaft itself and is very long and broad. The angle with the articular surface is greater than in blackbuck. 4) The neck region is more curved in blackbuck than in sheep and goat. 5) The deltoid ridge is sharper in blackbuck than in the sheep and goat. 6) The lateral and medial epicondyles are in the same plain in blackbuck. In sheep and goat the medial epicondyle is higher up than the lateral epicondyle. 7) The olecranon fossa is wide open in sheep and blackbuck and is slightly closed in goat. 8) The shaft above the olecranon fossa, Radius and Ulna 1) The shaft is broad in blackbuck, slender in sheep and broader than blackbuck in goat. 2) The lateral tuberosity is well developed in blackbuck and poorly developed in goat and it is absent in sheep. 3) In blackbuck, on the shaft near the proximal lateral articular facet, there is a small depression which is absent in sheep and goat. 4) The lateral articular facet is projected upward in sheep and goat. It is very prominent in goat and absent in blackbuck. 5) Blackbuck has two very prominent ridges on the distal shaft which are absent in sheep and goat. 6) The shaft is curved on the lateral side in blackbuck. In sheep it is slightly curved but not in goat. 7) The medial edge is straight proximally with no lip formation in blackbuck. In sheep and goat the medial edge of the proximal articular surface has a distinct lip formation. 8) In blackbuck, the ulnar notch is very small and shallow and is ‘V’ shaped. In sheep and goat the ulnar notch is deep and ‘U’shaped. 9) Anteriorly and posteriorly the outline of the proximal articular surface is distinct in all three species. 10) The intermediate facet of the distal epiphysis terminates towards the medial side of the shaft in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it ends towards the middle. 11) In blackbuck the intermediate and medial facets are shallow and in sheep and goat the facets are deep. 12) The interosseus space is very near the proximal end in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is away from the proximal end. 13) The bone is long from processus anconeus to olecranon in blackbuck and short in sheep and goat. 14) The processus anconeus is projected in blackbuck

Metacarpal 1) The metacarpal is long and slender in blackbuck; short and slender in sheep and short and broad in goat. 2) On the anterior side of the shaft, the nutrient foramen is near to the distal end in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is away from the distal end. 3) The distal trochleas are straight and the sagital ridge is sharp in blackbuck. In goat, both the trochleas are at an angle and in sheep, they are straight. 4) The distance between the distal trochleas and the shaft is short. The trochleas look very closely attached to the shaft in blackbuck. This distance is greater in sheep and goat and there is a small shallow pit between shaft and trochleas. 5) In blackbuck the inter trochlear faces are parallel and the space between the two trochleas is less as compared to sheep and goat. 6) The lateral facet at the proximal end is more angled in sheep and goat than blackbuck. 7) On the lateral side of the trochlea, the groove is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat. 8) In blackbuck, the posterior side of the shaft, the edges are

15

sharp and there is a depression and muscle striation marks on the middle of the shaft. In

sheep and goat, posteriorly the shaft is flat with no muscle striation (Fig. 3.5).

Fig. 3.3a. Humerus: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

16

Fig. 3.3b. Humerus: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

17

Fig. 3.3c. Humerus: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

18

Fig. 3.4a. Radius: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

19

Fig. 3.4b. Radius and Ulna: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

20

Fig. 3.4c. Ulna: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

21

Fig. 3.5. Metacarpal: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

muscle striations are seen in blackbuck. In sheep the pubis is round without muscle striations and in goat the pubis is round near the acetabulum and then it is flat and muscle striations are on it. 6) In blackbuck the acetabulum is wide open and the distance between the facet of the pubis and the facet of the ischium is greater. In sheep and goat the acetabulum is not wide open. It is bit closed and circular in shape and the distance between the two facets of pubis and ischium is less. 7) The obturatory foramen is circular in shape in blackbuck and oblong in sheep and goat. 8) The lip of the acetabulum in the ischial region is thick and sloping down in blackbuck and in sheep and goat the lip is thin and projecting upwards. 9) The tuber ischii is well pronounced in blackbuck and less pronounced in

Pelvis 1) In blackbuck the iliatic wing is broad. The medial and lateral sides of the ilium are curved. In sheep and goat the iliatic wings are not broad and neither side is curved. 2) The iliatic shaft is short in blackbuck and long in both sheep and goat. 3) In blackbuck, on the iliatic shaft, just above the acetabulum on the lateral side, a very prominent groove is present. This groove is present on the iliatic shaft, above the acetabulum on the medial side and is prominent in goat but very less developed in sheep. 4) In blackbuck the ischiatic spine is very broad as compared to sheep and goat and muscle striations are present on it. Muscle striations re absent in sheep and goat. 5) The pubis is rounded and prominent

22

sheep and goat. 10) In blackbuck the ischium is short and broad and the lateral side is more curved. In sheep and goat the ischium is long and narrow and the lateral side is more straight. 11) The pelvis symphysis is away is away from the obturatory foramen in blackbuck and further

away in goat but in sheep it is closer. 12) The shape of ischium plate is different in all three species. 13) The ischium blade is angular in blackbuck and circular in sheep and goat (Fig 3.6).

Fig. 3.6. Pelvis: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

goat it is bulbular. 8) The proximal end is not broad in sheep and goat and is broad in blackbuck. 9) On the anterior side, the nutrient foramen is on the middle of the shaft in blackbuck and is on the lateral side in sheep and goat. 10) In blackbuck the distance between the two epicondyles is much greater than in sheep and goat. 11) The medial epicondyle is higher up than the lateral epicondyle in blackbuck and in sheep and goat both the epicondyles are on the same level. 12) The medial epicondyle goes straight to the shaft and the lateral epicondyle turns towards the lateral side and slightly angled in blackbuck. In sheep and goat both the epicondyles are parallel and turned towards the lateral side (Fig. 3.7 a and b).

Femur 1) The femur head is perpendicular to the trochanter fossa in blackbuck, this portion is deep and in angle of 45º- 60º. In goat the head is almost in angle to trochanter fossa and in sheep this angle is wide. 2) The femur head is elongated in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is rounded. 3) and 4) In blackbuck the curvature in the neck region and of the major trochanter is greater than in sheep and goat. 5) At the distal end, condyles are angled in blackbuck and are parallel in sheep and goat. 6) The minor trochanter is projected outwards and is very prominent in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is less projected. 7) In blackbuck, proximally, the anterior side the shaft is flat and in sheep and

23

Fig. 3.7a. Femur: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

24

Fig. 3.7b. Femur: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

broad in sheep and goat. 7) On the proximal epiphysis the nutrient foramen is very deep in blackbuck and in goat it is shallow. In sheep there are many nutrient foramens, very small in size. 8) The groove between the tuberosity and the lateral articular facet is wide in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is deep and ‘U’ shaped. 9) The marked portion is less prominent in blackbuck and more prominent in sheep and goat. 10) In blackbuck the space between the two articular facets is greater than in sheep and goat. 11) On the posterior side, the curve of the lateral articular facet is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat. 12) In blackbuck the spine is very prominent but not in sheep and goat. 13) On the posterior side of the shaft, near

Tibia 1) At the proximal, the tuberosity is long and narrow in blackbuck and broad and short in sheep and goat. 2) The lateral side curvature is lesser in blackbuck than in sheep and goat. 3) In blackbuck, the tibial crest has turned more to the lateral side and in sheep and goat; it is only slightly curved to the lateral side. 4) On the anterior side, near the distal end, there is a small protuberance which is parallel with the lateral ridge in blackbuck and is angled in sheep and goat. 5) Medially, on the distal end, the nutrient foramen is present in blackbuck and is absent in goat and present in sheep laterally. 6) Marked portion in the figure is narrow in blackbuck and

25

the proximal part, muscle striations are very prominent in blackbuck and are not prominent in sheep and goat. 14) In blackbuck the lateral and the medial grooves of the distal epiphysis are deep and shallow in sheep and goat. 15) The two small facets for the lateral malleolus are separated by a small groove which is not very deep and both the facets are smaller in size in blackbuck. This groove is deep but these facets are not separated by this groove and are a little

bigger in size in sheep and goat. 16) The posterior edge of the distal articular surface has a very deep curve in blackbuck and in sheep and goat the curve is less prominent.17) The distal epiphysis is broad and square in shape in sheep and goat and is not broad in blackbuck. 18) On the medial side, at the distal end, the groove is absent in blackbuck and is present prominently in sheep and goat (Fig.3.8 a, b and c).

Fig. 3.8a. Tibia: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

26

Fig. 3.8b. Tibia: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

27

Fig. 3.8c. Tibia: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

distal end in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is away from the distal end. 5) The facet is higher up and round in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is lower and long. 6) The distance between the distal trochleas and the shaft is short. The trochleas look very closely attached to the shaft in blackbuck. This distance is greater in sheep and goat and there is a small shallow pit between shaft and trochleas. 7) The distal trochleas are straight and the saggital ridge is sharp in blackbuck. In goat, both the trochleas are at an angle and in sheep, they are straight. 8) In blackbuck the inter trochlear faces are parallel and the space between the two trochleas is less as compared to sheep and goat. 9) On the lateral side of the trochlea, the groove is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.9).

Metatarsal 1) The metatarsal is long and slender in blackbuck, short and slender in sheep and short and broad in goat. 2) The shaft is flat on the lateral and medial side but not at the distal end in blackbuck. It is not so in sheep and goat. 3) On the posterior, the edges of the lateral and the medial sides of the shaft are sharp and form a groove on the middle of the shaft in blackbuck. In sheep and goat, posteriorly the shaft is flat. 4) In blackbuck the nutrient foramen is very small on the distal part of the shaft anteriorly but absent posteriorly and it is present on the proximal part of the shaft and absent on anterior side. It is prominent on the distal part of the shaft on the anterior and posterior side in sheep and goat. The nutrient foramen is near to the

28

Fig. 3.9. Metatarsal: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus and C. Ovis aries

blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat. 9) At the posterior, on the medial side, the marked portion in the figure is less projected in blackbuck and more projected in goat than in sheep.10) On the posterior side, the distal medial condyle is angled in blackbuck and straight in sheep and goat. 11) Posteriorly on the distal condyle the groove is shallow in blackbuck and deep in sheep and goat. 12) Facets on the lateral side are different in blackbuck than in sheep and goat. 13) The facet at the distal end is elongated in blackbuck and rounded in sheep and goat. 14) On the anterior side, proximally, the edge of medial side is rounded in blackbuck and is projected out in sheep and goat.15) At the distal end of the medial side, the round facet is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.10).

Astragalus 1) The anterior surface of the astragalus of blackbuck is round and bulbular and in sheep and goat it has a slight depression. 2) In blackbuck, on the anterior side of the medial side, near the distal end, the facet is poorly developed; it is well developed in sheep and goat. 3) Proximally, in between the lateral and medial sides, the depression is more deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat. 4) And distally the depression is deep in sheep and goat and shallow in blackbuck. 5) The proximal lateral condyle is blunt and rounded in blackbuck and pointed in sheep and goat. 6) The marked portion is shallow and closed in blackbuck and deep and opened in sheep and goat. 7) and 8) Posteriorly, in between the lateral and medial condyles, the groove is deep in

29

Fig. 3.10. Astragalus: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

centrotarsal is less curved in blackbuck and is more curved in sheep and goat. 6) From the lateral side the sustentaculum tali is not visible in blackbuck and are visible in sheep and goat. 7) On the anterior side of the corpus calcanei, a sharp ridge is formed in blackbuck and it is rounded with no ridge in sheep and goat. 8) On the distal side proximal tuberosity has a marked depression in blackbuck and has a shallow depression in sheep and goat (Fig.3.11).

Calcaneum 1) In blackbuck corpus calcanei has a convexity and is straight in sheep and goat. 2) The tuber calcanei is pointed in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is rounded. 3) In blackbuck the sustentaculum tali projects within the body and it projects outside the body in sheep and goat. 4) The medial protuberance is prominent and shape is different in blackbuck than the sheep and goat. 5) The shape of the lateral articular facet for the

30

Fig. 3.11. Calcaneum: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

Centrotarsal

First Phalanx

1) On the lateral side, the facet for the calcaneum is going straight up in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is curved to the medial side. 2) The nutrient foramen is on the lateral articular facet in blackbuck and is in between the lateral articular facet and the facet for the calcaneum in sheep and goat. 3) The distance between the facets for the calcaneum and the astragalus is more in blackbuck and less in sheep and goat. 4) On the dorsal side the shape of the medial articular facet is different. In blackbuck the lateral facet is higher up and semicircular in shape and the medial facet is square in shape. In sheep and goat both the facets are elongated. 5) The groove in between the cranial and the caudal articular facets on the lateral side is shallow in blackbuck and in sheep and goat groove is deep (Fig. 3.12).

1) The proximal articular facets are elongated and compressed on the lateral and medial sides and the medial articular facet is little projected anteriorly. In sheep and goat, it is more square in shape. 2) In blackbuck, the shaft is curved, slender and compressed from both sides and in sheep and goat the shaft is straight and flat on the cranial side and rounded on both sides. 3) The proximal articular facets are longer in blackbuck than in sheep and goat. 4) The groove on the lateral side of the distal end is shallow in blackbuck and deep in sheep and goat. 5) The lateral proximal articular facet is higher up in goat than in sheep and blackbuck. 6) Medially, at the distal end, the small groove is very prominent and deep in blackbuck and is poorly developed in sheep and goat. 7) In blackbuck, on the cranial side, the groove between the lateral and medial articular facets is triangular in shape and in sheep and goat it is square in shape. 8) The distal articular facets are not flaring out and

31

the groove between the facets is shallow in blackbuck and the facets are flaring in sheep and goat and the groove is deep. 9) On the posterior side, at the proximal end, the lateral and medial sides are closer in blackbuck and in sheep and goat there is deep ‘U’ shaped groove on the

posterior side and the lateral and medial sides are broader. 10) Distal epiphysis is slender in blackbuck and broad in sheep and goat. 11) Posteriorly the shaft is concave in blackbuck and flat in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.13).

Fig. 3.12. Centrotarsal: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

Fig. 3.13. First Phalanx: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

32

groove between the lateral and the medial distal articular facets is deep and both the facets terminate posteriorly almost at the same level in blackbuck and in sheep and goat the groove is shallow and posteriorly the lateral facet is longer than the medial one. 6) The proximal articular surface is elongated and narrow in blackbuck. In sheep and goat the proximal articular facets are wider and short and the proximal epiphysis is square in shape. 7) On the medial side at the distal end groove is deep in blackbuck and shallow in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.14).

Second Phalanx 1) In blackbuck it is small in size and slender and in sheep and goat it is bigger in size, thick and broad. 2) The cranial side of the proximal end is projected upward in blackbuck and is flat in sheep and goat. 3) The lateral and medial distal articular facets are on the same plane in blackbuck and in sheep and goat the medial facet is projecting downwards. 4) In blackbuck the posterior line of the lateral side of the proximal epiphysis there is a projection and in sheep and goat it is straight with no projection. 5) the

Fig. 3.14. Second Phalanx: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

blackbuck and not parallel in sheep and goat. 5) In blackbuck, on the cranial side of the proximal articular surface, there are two nutrient foramens and only one is present in sheep and goat. 6) A ridge is present on the medial side and it starts from the middle of the body in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is at the base. 7) The anterior side is thick in blackbuck and thin in sheep and goat (Fig. 3.15).

Third Phalanx 1) Overall the shape is triangular in blackbuck and semicircular in sheep and goat. 2) The proximal articular surface is semicircular in shape and deep in blackbuck and in sheep and goat it is right angled. 3) The posterior outline is straight in blackbuck and curved in sheep and goat. 4) Both the articular facets are parallel in

Fig. 3.15. Third Phalanx: Difference between A. Antilope cervicapra, B. Capra hircus

33

Generally the identification of wild and domestic pig is difficult and is based on the size and the comparative study of modern reference collection.

death (Cornwall 1956; Silver 1963; Chaplin 1971; Uerpmann 1973; Grant 1975, 1978, 1982; Grigson 1982; Wilson 1982; Deniz and Payne 1982; Klein and Cruze-Uribe1984).

The fragments of ribs, sternum, sesamoids, carpals and small tarsals were not identified to the species level. These fragments were classified into broad groups like large bovids and small ruminants. The vertebrae of bovids, equids and carnivores were possible to distinguish and were put into broad groups like large bovids, small ruminants, etc. But very fragmented vertebrae collection such as centrum, neural spine and transverse process were grouped together as a large bovid size or small ruminant size.

Sex determination Grouping of animals into males, females and castrates can give information regarding animal husbandry practices related to the functional aspect of the animal in the general economy of a culture. In a majority of animals especially among the mammalian species some skeletal elements differ in morphology between males and females. The skulls and pelvic bones in a majority of mammals differ in males and females. In equids and suids the canine teeth are very prominent in males whereas in females they are absent or sometimes rudimentary. The female skulls are devoid of horns and antlers in certain bovids and cervids. Also when present they are different in size and shape in females. Likewise, the baculum is the characteristic feature of the male carnivores. Moreover, the pelvic bone in the females of mammalian species is shaped differently because of the child bearing character (Taber 1956; Boessneck 1969; Edwards, Marchinton and smith 1982; Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984).

Remains of small animals like rodents, lagomorphs, birds, fish and reptiles were identified with the help of reference skeletons. Otherwise they have been assigned in groups like birds, reptiles, fish and so on. Molluscan shells were identified using the characters described by Tonapi (1980) and with the help from Dr. Arati Deshpande. Unidentified fragments have been classified according to their size as large, medium and small, they were counted and weighed.

However, the criteria given above for sex determination could not be implemented to the faunal assemblage of Inamgaon due to very fragmentary nature of the bones. Hence for this sample sex determination of animals was mainly based on osteo-metric analyses.

3.2 Sex and Age Profiles of Subfossil Species The determination of sex and age of both domestic and wild animals killed or hunted at archaeological sites can throw valuable light on many aspects of the cultural history and behaviour of ancient population. It is generally found that in a majority of the Indian protohistoric sites a large number of sub-adult male cattle have been killed between the age of 12 to 2 years, when the meat is tender and tasty. This selection is only possible when there is a stock of animals. Rather, this further substantiates the domestic character of the animal in addition to the qualitative markers. The thorough knowledge of the animal husbandry practices and the economic utility of animals can also be inferred from such studies. Another important aspect is the season of occupation of such sites which are not permanent settlements.

Age determination Aging of animals slaughtered at archaeological sites can provide information about the dietary preference of man, stock-raising and the season of occupation of site. Different methods are employed in the age determination of animals and they are as follows 1) tooth eruption and replacement, 2) tooth wear, 3) epiphysial fusion, 4) closure of cranial sutures and 5) development of antlers (Chaplin 1971; Moris 1972, 1978; Grigson 1982; Grant 1982). Tooth wear is one of the oldest techniques for age determination. This is particularly applicable to herbivorous animals. Esref Deniz and Sebastian Payne (1982) are the main contributors to this methodology. They have worked on Anatolian sheep and goat. The sequence of eruption, replacement and dental

In the last few decades many scholars all over the world contributed a lot in the field of archaeozoology especially on the methodology of determining the age and sex of animals at

34

wear patterns are the basis of their method which are easy to apply on mandibular dentition.

2. Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) It helps to determine the relative importance of various animals in the economy over a period of time. This can also be used as evidence for cultural changes or for changes in the local population (Krantz 1968). Minimum Number of Individual has been used in Paleontology for several decades before (Casteel 1979).

From the above group only two methods are used to estimate the age at death of animals at Inamgaon. First is the based on jaw bones with teeth and second on the state of fusion of epiphyses of certain bones. Accuracy of age determination is possible when the jaw bones are well preserved with dentition. Likewise, when epiphysial fusion has already taken place in bones further inference on age is rather difficult.

White (1953) was the first to introduce MNI in archaeozoology. There is simple way of calculating the MNI. This is done by classifying the bones to proximal or distal and right or left side. For example, if there are 9 distal right and 7 distal left humerii, the MNI will be 9. This is not the exact number as they might have come from more than 9 animals. Therefore, each of the bone is matched with the other (Bokonyi 1970; Chaplin 1970). According to Bokonyi (1970), other than matching the bones, one should also consider the state of fusion of the bone and the tooth wearing pattern in the case of dentition. This will not give the actual number of individual but, it does come closer. The MNI can never be larger than NISP (Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984).

3.3 Quantitative Methods Like identification of bones, the application of quantitative methods to archaeofauna is a basic necessity in the archaeological studies. This can throw light on the taxonomic abundance of various species and species preference. 1. Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) To understand the relative importance of species in the culture, NISP is the basic counting unit. This has been used to quantify the abundance of taxa within a given faunal assemblage. There are many measures which can be derived NISP, like Minimum Number of Individuals, the size of population and weight of animals (Chaplin 1971; Grayson 1973, 1979, 1984; Gauthier 1984; During 1985).

Techniques for defining MNI have become more refined over the years. According to Krantz (1968) formula, the numbers of pairs of a particular bone, unpaired of right side and unpaired of left side of the same are counted. The formula is as follows:

NISP is the simple count of identifiable specimens of each species represented in the collection. It has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the NISP are that, it is easy to calculate and there is no need for further numerical manipulation. NISP values are additive in nature. New NISP values of renewed excavations at a site can be added to the old one (Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984).

R² + L² N = ---------2P N = Number of animals in original population R = Total number of right side bone L = Total number of left side bone P = Number of pairs established.

It has some disadvantages also. The skeletons of some species have more parts than the skeletons of others and it ignores this fact. For example, primates have more number of bones like clavicles, supplementary metapodials and phalanges which are not found in other animals like bovids, cervids, etc.

This method yields a higher total which is closer to the actual number of individual originally involved. Chaplin (1971) suggests another way of counting MNI. He has proposed a formula as follows: Ct GMT = ------------2 + Dt

NISP is very sensitive to bone fragmentation. Fragmentation does not affect equally to all the animal species and all bones. Highly fragmented assemblage will have higher NISP for all species. However, fragmentation does not affect equally to all species and all bones.

GMT stands for the Grand Minimum Total Ct stands for the total number of comparable paired elements

35

Dt stands for the total number of dissimilar elements

birds, the bone weight represents 6% of the weight of an animal and recovered bones represents 50% loss of the bone originally present. The formula is as follows:

Fieller and Turner (1982) have suggested a formula which is modification of Krantz (1968) formula.

CT = 2 [16.67(x)] Where, CT = the meat weight of the animal in an assemblage X = the bone weight of animal from the assemblage

N = (LR) / P Where N is the estimate of the original pairs and P is number of matched pairs of bone.

According to Kubasiewicz (1956) for pigs the weight of bone is between 5.6 and 8.3 %. To determine the meat weight of pigs from bone weight, the equation is as follows:

Perkins (1973) has also suggested a method to calculate the MNI. Before counting the MNI; consider the time period taken to form fossil assemblage, Preservation of fossil assemblage and recovery of fossil assemblage. According to his procedure 1) count the number of skeletal parts like distal humerus, proximal radius, etc. which are least affected by cultural and factors of preservation (A), 2) sum the number of bones or fragments of bones established in step 1 (B), 3) to determine the abundance of each species (f) divide the total number of bones or bone fragments established in step 2 by the number of skeletal parts in step 1 i.e. f = B/A.

K1 = 12.05 (x) K1 is the lower limit of predicted meat weight and x is the bone weight. Or K2 = 14.28 (x) Where K2 is the mean predicted meat weight Or K3 = 17.86 (x)

While calculating the MNI of Inamgaon faunal assemblage, besides matching the bone, state of fusion, tooth wear pattern and the measurements have been taken into consideration.

Where K3 is the upper limit of predicted meat weight He presented constants for pig, sheep and cattle.

MNI gives an idea about the actual number of animals killed, but it has some flaws. MNI values are not additive in nature. It involves complicated calculations which are time consuming. Species represented by only a few bones may have the same MNI as one represented by many bones. So, Gejvall (1969) and Perkins (1973) suggest that MNI should not be calculated for small sample size, there should be a minimum sample size.

Reed (1963) has also proposed formula as follows: R = 0.7 [13.33 (x)] Pitts and Bullard’s (1968) studies indicated the bone weight to meat weight ratio in an average 10.77 + 2.05 %. According to Reynolds and Karlotki (1977), the mean value for the bone weight among mammals is 8.74 % of total body weight.

3. Weight Method

Casteel (1979) has given an equation by using McMeekan’s (1940) data for pigs is

Animals played an important role in prehistoric man’s subsistence. Weight of all the bones is related to the meat weight of that animal, therefore, Kubasiewicz (1956) calculated the meat weight from bone weight of different species by using empirical values for their relationship. In this method bone weight is multiplied by a factor that is presumed to reflect the ratio between the bone weight and meat weight in live animals.

Y = aXb Where, Y is the predicted meat weight X is the bone weight a and b are constants to be determined empirically As bone weight exceeds from 100 gms to 100,000,000 gms, this above equation does not show accuracy.

Cook and Treganza (1950) have proposed a formula for determining the meat weight. In this method, it was assumed that in mammals and

36

nullified by standardizing the faunal results (Pawankar and Thomas 1997).

Generally bone weight is never accurate (Prummel (1983). Even after washing and cleaning, some earth always remains on bones particularly in marrow hallows of the long bones which creates an error in bone weight.

5. Level of Identification Always it may not be possible to identify all the bone fragments to species or even to genus levels. Fragments without any specific diagnostic character cannot be identified. Thus, to find out the level of identification the faunal remains from Inamgaon were classified into three groups and they are as follows:

Another method to calculate the meat weight is the modification of MNI method. First White (1953) has suggested and employed this method. In this method, the MNI for a species is multiplied by the consumable meat weight of that species (Klein and Cruz-Uribe 1984; Thomas 1988).

1. NISP first level: Fragments which could be identified to the species level. 2. NISP second level: Fragments which could be identified into broad groups such as belong to Genus, large, medium and small sized mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes. 3. Unidentifiable: Fragments which could not be identified to any taxonomic unit or skeletal part.

This method also has some drawbacks like if MNI of one cattle and ten blackbucks, where blackbucks are significant than the cattle but meat weight shows less significance of ten blackbucks. Usually it is assumed that all members of a species have the same meat weight without taking sex and age into consideration when actually this is not the case.

The level of identification (Figs. 5.1-5.3) shows a high degree of fragmentation of bones in the Early Jorwe phase. The fragmentation of bones depends on many factors such as the taphonomy, the pattern of butchery, carcass utilization, cooking, the secondary uses of bones, excavation, transport, etc.

NISP, MNI and meat weight are the basic quantitative methods in archaeozoology. All these calculations depend on the faunal collection and sample size from the archaeological sites. 4. Standardization of data Many times the area excavated indifferent parts may not be the same. It depends on the interest of the excavator, which cultural phase/s or layer/s is important to him. This can led to further serious anomalies in the faunal report. The excavation at Inamgaon, concentrated more on the Late Jorwe phase, since this phase of the Chalcolithic culture was not represented in many sites. The volume of the excavated soil from the Late Jorwe phase is 28195m³, Early Jorwe phase 1611 m³ and Malwa phase 977 m³. Thus naturally the cultural materials were more from the Late Jorwe phase. Therefore, an attempt has been made to standardize the results of the faunal studies at one level with the assumption that the distribution of archaeofauna in the site is uniform for the excavated and the unexcavated areas, which may not be always true. However this criterion may be useful for comparing the three cultural phases at Inamgaon. Of the 16 layers at Inamgaon the area and the volume of the excavated deposit in layer 2 was maximum. Assuming that all the layers were excavated in the same pattern as in layer 2, a different picture emerges as shown in figures (no. 5.7, 5.8 and 5.17). Thus, the over representation of faunal remains of the Late Jorwe phase could be

6. Measurability Index The measurability index is the percentage of total measurable bone fragments in NISP level first, which includes complete and partially complete bones. The index (Fig. 5.4) calculated for the bones from Inamgaon shows that a large number of bones were measurable in the Late Jorwe phase and the degree of fragmentation is more in the Early Jorwe and Malwa phases which confirm the observations made from the Level of identification. 7. Horizontal distribution Various activities such as butchering, cooking, storing, refuse dumping, manufacture of implements, etc. at a site take place in different areas. The horizontal or spatial distribution of faunal assemblage at a site can reveal some of these activity areas. For the Horizontal distribution the complete skeleton of animal is classified into three groups A: High meat value bones which include scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, tibia and the vertebral column. B: Less meat value bones include skull, mandible, rib, metacarpal and metatarsal.

37

C: No meat value bones like phalanges, carpals, tarsals and sesamoids.

studies. This helps in understanding various aspects such as: 1. Differentiation of animal species and individual variation 2. Size changes in wild animals through time and space 3. Determination of sex and sexual dimorphism 4. Differentiation of domestic and wild animals 5. Intra site comparisons of faunal remains

The faunal assemblage at Inamgaon is fragmentary in nature. However, generally a set pattern is visualized in the breakage pattern of bones. The long bones, scapula, metacarpals and metatarsals are found broken in two parts, the proximal and distal ends. Similarly, pelvis is found in four fragments and mandible in three parts. Also almost 40 fragments of vertebrae, 24 fragments of ribs, 15 fragments of skulls are usually found. However, non-meat-bearing parts like phalanges, carpals, tarsals and sesamoids are generally devoid of cut marks and found complete. It is interesting to find what would be the normal distribution of bones if the fragmentation is as mentioned above taking into consideration some of the taphonomical factors. At Inamgaon the bones do not exhibit rolling marks or transportation and much predator or scavenging activities. Here an attempt has been made to achieve a normal distribution pattern based on the archaeofaunal fragmentation. Hence, the high meat value bones (A) and the less meat value bones (B) are added together and are divided by no-meat value bones (C) The expected value is 1.96. The expected value shows the normal distribution of bones which includes meat-bearing and non-meat-bearing parts depending on the anatomical skeletal parts. This expected value is calculated for the every trench in different layers and classified into three groups which show the normal distribution, high meat-bearing parts and the no-meat-bearing parts. Taking into consideration the loss of bones and taphonomical factors the normal distribution value has been fixed between the range of 1.52.5, more that 2.5 is considered high meatbearing parts and less than 1.5 as a value for nomeat-bearing parts.

For the first time Durest (1926) used the measurements to interpret the archaeozoological data. Von den Driesch (1976) has produced a guideline to measure faunal remains from archaeological sites. This system of bone measurements is now used all over the world as a standard method. Only complete and partially complete bones are measured using digital caliper. The whole data is transferred into the micro computer in Dbase III plus programme for further analysis. Sexing of the blackbuck has been done by metrical analysis. The greatest length of the first phalanges, second phalanges and astragali versus the distal breadth of these bones are used to separate them as males and females. The first and second phalanges and astragali of known male (DCP 97) and female (DCP 83) are measured. The first and second phalanges of fore and hind limbs are measured separately. This known data is plotted with the data from Inamgaon. This has shown groups of males and females (Fig. 5.27-5.29) distinctly. The graphs of second phalanges and astragali reveal the two separate groups. For example, the greatest length of the female second phalanx is less than 23 cm and it is greater than 23 cm in male. The same procedure has been applied for the first phalanges and the astragali of blackbuck. The graph of the first phalanges shows that the measurements of the fore limb of male and the hind limb of female are overlapping between the 41.5 cm and 49.5 cm.

8. Skeletal representation To understand the importance and the use of different parts of the skeletal parts in different animals, the skeletal elements were classified according to their anatomical positions, and a frequency for each of the elements has been worked out. This has been done for some of the major species of domestic and wild animals which contributed to the subsistence system at Inamgaon.

With the help of measurements of metacarpal and astragalus, the sex ratio for the cattle has been calculated. The measurements of the certain bones have been used to find out the stature or withers height of cattle. The estimation of the shoulder height in archaeozoological research helps to identify the size of an individual animal and also to assess the range of variation within a population. Kieswalter (1888) has introduced the height estimate to the subfossil assemblages. The height of the animal is based on the length of the bones (Lauwerier 1988). Different scholars have worked out

3.4. Metrical Analysis Like quantitative methods, metrical analysis is also an important tool in archaeozoological

38

habitats and past environmental reconstructions are made from such evidences. Wild animals need specific ecological settings. Four horned antelope, blackbuck, nilgai, chital and sambar have been found in a majority of the Chalcolithic sites in western Maharashtra. These are typical animals found in scrub forest and plains covered with grass areas. If one looks at the present day distribution of these animals many of them are not found in the same areas. It shows the changes in the past and present environment. The present day distribution of these animals has been studied from the literature published from the Forest Department of Maharashtra. The evidences of these animals from various archaeological sites are plotted in the present day distribution maps of wild animals to understand the environmental changes caused during the last 2000 years or more. However, it should mention here that the excavations were limited and confined to only a few districts of Maharashtra. Thus, an overall picture may not e available; even then the changes could be visualized.

equations to calculate the shoulder height for the domestic animals like cattle (Boessneck 1956; Zalkin 1960; Fock 1966; Matolcsi 1970; Bergstrom and Wijnaarden-Bakker 1983, 1988; Joglekar 1993) goat (Schramm 1967) sheep (Haak 1965; Teichert 1978), pig (Teichert 1990) dog (Harcourt 1974) and horse (Kieswalter 1988). Zalkin (1970) has found ut an equation to calculate the shoulder height of cattle and is as follows: Height in cm = 18.30 x (medial length of the astragalus. This formula is applied on the measurements of the astragali of cattle from Inamgaon.

3.5 Past and present distribution Environmental interpretation is one of the major aspects of archaeozoological research. Generally the wild animals associated with the prehistoric cultures are often studied in detail for their

39

Man and Animal in the Chalcolithic Culture of Maharashtra Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) Axis axis (chital) Axis porcinus (hog deer) Cervus unicolor (sambar) Muntiacus muntjak (barking deer) Hystrix indica (porcupine) Herpestes edwardsi (mongoose) Lepus nigricollis (hare) Rattus rattus (rat)

Animals constituted a major source of food in the subsistence economy of the Chalcolithic population at Inamgaon. The fauna represented at an archaeological site mainly depends on the ecological setting of the region, the socioeconomy and the exploitation pattern. Generally for the hunter-gatherer societies, wild animals played an important role in the food economy. But with the introduction of agriculture and animal domestication the subsistence system changed to a greater extent, now depending more on agricultural products and domestic animals than the wild animals. Inamgaon is such an early farming settlement in the Bhima valley which revealed a wide spectrum of diverse fauna consisting of mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, molluscs and crustaceans. A majority of these animals were utilized for food purpose.

Birds Gallus domesticus Gallus gallus Anser anser Pavo cristatus Ardeotis nigriceps Reptiles Trionyx gangeticus Kachuga sp. Chitra indica Crocodylus palustris Varanus monitor Snake

More than 50 species of animals have been identified from the faunal assemblage of Inamgaon and they are as follows: Mammals

Fish Cat fish Labeo rohita Ritha ritha Wallago wallago

Domestic animals Bos indicus (cattle) Bubalus bubalis (buffalo) Capra hircus (goat) Ovis aries (sheep) Sus domesticus (domestic pig) Canis familiaris (dog) Equus caballus (horse) Equus asisnus (ass) Elephas maximus (elephant)

Molluscs Lamellidens marginalis Pyrreyssia corrugata Turbo coronatus Digoniostoma pulchella Viviparus bengalensis Pila globosa Melania striatella tuberculata Turbinella pyrum Paphia gallus Turritella sp. Meretrix sp. Marcia recens

Wild animals Canis lupus (wolf) Canis aureus (jackal) Felis chaus (jungle cat) Panthera pardus (leopard) Panthera tigris (tiger) Sus scrofa (wild pig) Bos gaurus (gaur) Antilope cervicapra (blackbuck) Gazella bennetti (chinkara) Tetracerus quadricornis (four-horned antelope)

Crustacea Crabs

40

which accounted for 41.91% in the total collection of the bones from this layer (Table 4.7). The percentage of the identified fragments in Late Jorwe phase is 17.43%, in Early Jorwe phase 30.88% and in Malwa phase is 22.72%, suggests maximum utilization of this species in the Early Jorwe phase (Table 4.17) which was economically the most prosperous phase at Inamgaon.

Bos indicus (cattle) The skeletal remain of cattle are present in all the 16 layers. A layer-wise distribution of identified specimens of this species and their weight are given in Table 4.11-4.16. Apparently, the degree of their representation varies in different stratigraphical units. The maximum percentage representation of this animal is noticed in layer 7, Table 4.1. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 1. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Canis familiaris Equus caballus Axis axis Axis porcinus Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus qudricornis Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small Ruminant Sus scrofa Canis lupus Felis chaus Rattus rattus Reptile Trionyx gangeticus Kachuga sp. Turtle Snake Fish Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugate Turbo coronatus Total

NISP 257 375 17 10 1 12 10 3 7 1 7 1 1 34 2 1025 10 116 4 3 2 7 2 10 3 1 1 4 27 40 1 1974

NISP % 13.02 18.00 0.86 0.50 0.05 0.61 0.51 0.15 0.35 0.05 0.35 0.05 0.05 1.72 0.10 51.92 0.51 5.88 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.35 0.10 0.51 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.20 1.37 2.03 0.05 100%

Weight (gms) 6075 4973 485 141 5 135 75 140 60 5 150 10 15 725 35 9496 135 607 65 15 10 14 2 90 30 5 1 16 202 376 5 24098

41

Weight % 25.21 20.68 2.01 0.58 0.02 0.56 0.31 0.58 0.25 0.02 0.62 0.04 0.06 3.01 0.15 39.41 0.56 2.52 0.27 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.37 0.12 0.02 0.004 0.07 0.84 1.56 0.02 100%

Table 4.2. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 2. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Caprahircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Axis axis Axis sp. Cervus unicolor Medium sized Ruminant Deer sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Sus scrofa Canis lupus Canis aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera tigris Panthera pardus Herpestes edwardsi Rattus rattus Lepus nigricollis Bird sp. Gallus domesticus Pavo cristatus Anser anser Reptile Trianyx gangeticus Kachuga sp. Turtle Fish Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugata Viviparus bengalensis Turbinella pyrum Total

NISP 777 1332 37 25 9 26 20 33 4 1 8 1 5 1 3 82 11 2377 10 313 8 11 4 7 5 1 2 1 1 1 10 1 4 1 3 47 7 5 32 72 2 164 1 1 5466

NISP% 14.21 24.37 0.68 0.46 0.16 0.47 0.37 0.60 0.07 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.05 1.50 0.20 43.49 0.18 5.73 0.15 0.20 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.18 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.86 0.13 0.09 0.58 1.32 0.04 3.00 0.02 0.02 100 %

Weight (gms.) 17545 13696 1160 193 101 211 231 270 70 10 115 5 120 15 15 1460 52 19856 62 1327 135 81 25 29 17 20 10 5 1 5 30 1 8 5 20 405 60 9 92 523 2 1431 5 20 59453

42

Weight % 29.51 23.04 1.95 0.32 0.17 0.35 0.39 0.46 0.12 0.02 0.19 0.01 0.20 0.03 0.03 2.46 0.09 33.40 0.10 2.23 0.23 0.14 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.05 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.68 0.10 0.02 0.15 0.88 0.003 2.41 0.01 0.03 100%

Table 4.3. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 3. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Bos gaurus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Deer sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Sus scrofa Canis lupus Canis aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Herpestes edwardsi Rattus rattus Elephas maximus Lepus nigricollis Gallus domesticus Gallus gallus Reptile Trionyx gangeticus Chitra indica Turtle Varanus monitor Crocodilia sp. Fish Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Corbicula sp. Pila globosa Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 945 959 55 16 2 22 7 19 4 1 10 9 2 98 14 1820 6 243 4 6 2 2 2 5 2 3 4 1 5 5 8 1 2 1 2 1 61 2 1 1 60 4413

NISP% 21.41 21.73 1.24 0.36 0.05 0.50 0.16 0.43 0.09 0.02 0.23 0.20 0.05 2.22 0.32 41.24 0.13 5.51 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.02 1.38 0.05 0.02 0.02 1.36 100%

Weight (gms.) 19013 10539 1785 145 15 164 55 155 60 65 95 310 30 1675 80 13240 27 941 35 60 10 6 6 25 2 205 4 1 17 22 70 10 10 1 15 5 493 10 10 1 406 49818

43

Weight % 38.17 21.16 3.58 0.29 0.03 0.33 0.11 0.31 0.12 0.13 0.19 0.62 0.06 3.36 0.16 26.58 0.06 1.89 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.004 0.41 0.01 0.002 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.002 0.03 0.01 0.99 0.02 0.02 0.002 0.81 100%

Table 4.4. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 4. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Bos gaurus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus qudricornis Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small Ruminant Canis aureus Felis chaus Rattus rattus Lepus nigricollis Bird sp. Trionyx gangeticus Kachuga sp. Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugate Viviparus bengalensis Total

NISP 520 865 18 2 21 5 14 1 1 13 9 80 2 1034 3 196 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 1 35 3 2855

NISP % 18.21 30.30 0.63 0.07 0.73 0.17 0.49 0.04 0.04 0.45 0.31 2.80 0.07 36.22 0.10 6.86 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.87 0.04 1.22 0.10 100%

Weight (gms) 8943 8508 425 6 122 35 90 60 50 170 70 1231 10 6667 3 624 5 1 1 5 5 20 5 186 1 275 15 27533

Weight % 32.48 30.90 1.54 0.02 0.44 0.13 0.33 0.21 0.18 0.62 0.26 4.47 0.04 24.21 0.01 2.27 0.02 0.003 0.003 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.67 0.003 0.10 0.06 100%

Table 4.5. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 5. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Canis familiaris Deer sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus qudricornis Antilope cervicapra Small Ruminant Canis lupus Trionyx gangeticus Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugate Total

NISP 153 145 2 1 7 5 1 9 1 75 49 1 1 15 8 473

NISP % 32.35 30.66 0.42 0.21 1.48 1.06 0.21 1.90 0.21 15.86 10.36 0.21 0.21 3.17 1.69 100%

Weight (gms) 2755 1895 25 10 40 25 25 110 5 537 209 5 5 230 85 5961

44

Weight % 46.22 31.79 0.42 0.17 0.67 0.42 0.42 1.85 0.08 9.01 3.51 0.08 0.08 3.86 1.42 100%

Table 4.6. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 6. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Sus scrofa Canis lupus Canis sp. Felis chaus Rattus rattus Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 205 442 6 2 1 11 2 4 1 3 2 91 44 2 2 1 1 1 13 1 3 838

NISP% 24.46 52.74 0.71 0.24 0.12 1.31 0.24 0.48 0.12 0.36 0.24 10.86 5.25 0.24 0.24 0.12 0.12 0.12 1.55 0.12 0.36 100 %

Weight (gms.) 3891 4481 75 6 5 66 10 30 25 25 15 584 210 30 6 5 5 1 110 5 15 9600

Weight% 40.53 46.68 0.78 0.06 0.05 0.69 0.10 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.16 6.07 2.19 0.31 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.01 1.15 0.05 0.16 100%

Table 4.7. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 7. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Canis familiaris Bos gaurus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Canis sp. Felis chaus Rattus rattus Trionyx gangeticus Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugata Turbinella pyrum Total

NISP 368 346 13 2 1 1 3 1 7 2 2 1 56 39 1 1 13 2 7 1 10 1 878

NISP% 41.91 39.41 1.48 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.35 0.11 0.80 0.23 0.23 0.11 6.38 4.45 0.11 0.11 1.48 0.23 0.80 0.11 1.14 0.11 100 %

Weight (gms.) 5731 3528 320 15 5 5 11 10 65 40 20 1 381 150 5 5 13 30 65 1 56 50 10507

45

Weight % 54.54 33.58 3.05 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.62 0.38 0.19 0.01 3.63 1.43 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.29 0.62 0.01 0.53 0.47 100 %

Table 4.8. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 8. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Sus scrofa Canis lupus Canis aureus Rattus rattus Gallus domesticus Reptile Trionyx gangeticus Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugata Paphia gallus Turbo coronatus Meretrix sp. Marcia recens Total

NISP 955 1340 59 7 1 21 5 12 1 3 1 1 14 2 82 5 51 5 1 2 1 1 1 4 8 21 1 2 4 1 2612

NISP% 36.56 51.30 2.26 0.27 0.04 0.80 0.19 0.46 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.53 0.08 3.14 0.19 1,95 0.19 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.15 0.31 0.80 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.04 100 %

Weight (gms.) 18016 15216 1470 45 5 130 46 66 20 40 20 10 250 15 586 25 312 60 15 15 1 5 5 20 60 200 5 25 30 5 36718

Weight% 49.07 41.44 4.00 0.12 0.01 0.36 0.13 0.18 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.68 0.04 1.60 0.07 0.85 0.16 0.04 0.04 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.16 0.55 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.01 100%

Table 4.9. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 9. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Boselaphus tragocamelus Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Canis lupus Canis sp. Rattus rattus Fish Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 315 549 12 3 13 1 7 3 5 18 163 1 1 1 1 2 3 1098

NISP% 28.69 50.00 1.10 0.27 1.18 0.09 0.64 0.27 0.46 1.64 14.85 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.27 100 %

Weight (gms.) 6045 4640 185 25 65 55 35 35 100 100 540 5 5 1 5 10 35 11886

46

Weight% 50.86 39.04 1.56 0.21 0.55 0.46 0.30 0.30 0.84 0.84 4.54 0.04 0.04 0.008 0.04 0.08 0.30 100%

Table 4.10. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 10. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Capra hircus/Ovis aries Canis familiaris Boselaphus tragocamelus Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Turtle Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 89 406 7 1 29 1 1 4 44 1 7 2 592

NISP% 15.03 68.58 1.18 0.17 4.90 0.17 0.17 0.68 7.43 0.17 1.18 0.34 100 %

Weight (gms.) 1130 1770 120 5 156 5 10 25 140 5 35 15 3416

Weight % 33.08 51.81 3.51 0.15 4.57 0.15 0.29 0.73 4.10 0.15 1.02 0.44 100%

Table 4.11. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 11. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Deer sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Panthera pardus Herpestes edwardsi Rattus rattus Fish Lamellidens sp. Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 227 503 13 7 4 26 2 1 5 1 4 2 56 114 2 1 1 2 6 6 983

NISP% 23.10 51.17 1.32 0.71 0.41 2.65 0.20 0.10 0.51 0.10 0.41 0.20 5.70 11.60 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.61 0.61 100 %

Weight (gms.) 3935 5727 365 32 12 136 15 5 85 10 70 10 373 421 10 5 1 15 40 45 11312

Weight% 34.79 50.63 3.23 0.28 0.11 1.20 0.13 0.04 0.75 0.09 0.62 0.09 3.30 3.72 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.35 0.40 100%

Table 4.12. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 12. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis

NISP 417 674 12 3 2 24 6 6 3 7 3

NISP% 28.66 46.32 0.82 0.21 0.14 1.65 0.41 0.41 0.21 0.48 0.21

Weight (gms.) 7561 7336 345 15 6 133 40 31 20 70 30

47

Weight% 44.61 43.29 2.03 0.09 0.03 0.78 0.24 0.16 0.12 0.41 0.18

Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Panthera pardus Herpestes edwardsi Rattus rattus Lepus nigricollis Trionyx gangeticus Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugata Viviparus bengalensis Total

87 1 179 3 1 8 1 4 8 1 4 1 1455

5.98 0.07 12.30 0.21 0.07 0.55 0.07 0.27 0.55 0.07 0.27 0.07 100 %

570 5 615 15 1 8 1 30 70 5 35 5 16947

3.36 0.03 3.63 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.18 0.41 0.03 0.21 0.03 100%

Table 4.13. The Number of Iidentified Specimens in Layer 13. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Cervus unicolor Boselaphus tragocamelus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Sus scrofa Canis sp. Rattus rattus Total

NISP 115 238 2 3 15 1 1 1 1 8 43 2 75 1 5 5 516

NISP% 22.29 46.13 0.39 0.58 2.91 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 1.55 8.33 0.39 14.54 0.19 0.97 0.97 100 %

Weight (gms.) 2193 2691 55 15 95 5 10 10 10 175 306 10 312 10 5 5 5907

Weight% 37.13 45.56 0.93 0.26 1.61 0.08 0.17 0.17 0.17 2.96 5.18 0.17 5.28 0.17 0.08 0.08 100%

Table 4.14. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 14. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Bos gaurus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Boselaphus tragocamelus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Small ruminant Canis lupus Rattus rattus Elephas maximus Trionyx gangeticus Kachuga sp.

NISP 276 320 8 4 13 5 5 1 4 1 23 29 1 18 2 2 1 1 1

NISP% 38.55 44.69 1.12 0.56 1.81 0.70 0.70 0.14 0.56 0.14 3.21 4.05 0.14 2.51 0.28 0.28 0.14 0.14 0.14

Weight (gms.) 5476 3920 200 30 105 60 35 10 40 20 425 178 5 101 20 2 50 10 5

48

Weight % 50.71 36.30 1.85 0.28 0.97 0.55 0.32 0.09 0.37 0.19 3.94 1.65 0.05 0.94 0.19 0.02 0.46 0.09 0.05

Lamellidens sp. Total

1 716

0.14 100 %

106 10798

0.98 100%

Table 4.15. The Number of Identified Specimens in Layer 15. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra hircus/Ovis aries Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Reptile Lamellidens sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Parreyssia corrugata Total

NISP 176 356 11 2 1 11 7 5 2 1 5 36 7 54 43 2 19 2 4 744

NISP% 23.66 47.85 1.48 0.27 0.13 1.48 0.94 0.67 0.27 0.13 0.67 4.84 0.94 7.26 5.78 0.27 2.55 0.27 0.54 100 %

Weight (gms.) 3925 4620 325 10 5 65 75 30 45 25 25 650 36 397 211 10 140 10 55 10659

Weight % 36.82 43.34 3.05 0.09 0.05 0.61 0.70 0.28 0.42 0.24 0.24 6.10 0.34 3.73 1.98 0.09 1.31 0.09 0.52 100%

Table 4.16. The Number of Iidentified Specimens in Layer 16. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Bubalus bubalis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Axis axis Cervus unicolor Boselaphus tragocamelus Tetracerus quadricornis Antilope cervicapra Small ruminant Canis lupus Canis sp. Trionyx gangeticus Lamellidens sp. Total

NISP 73 76 2 1 2 1 1 5 1 17 7 3 1 1 3 194

NISP% 37.63 39.18 1.04 0.51 1.04 0.51 0.51 2.58 0.51 8.76 3.61 1.55 0.51 0.51 1.55 100 %

Weight (gms.) 1666 1170 80 5 15 15 10 100 5 113 36 25 1 10 30 3281

Bones belonging to the appendicular and axial skeletons of this animal are identified (Pl.I A&B). However, the appendicular parts are numerous compared to the axial (Table. 4.18). On the proximal and distal ends of long bones like humerus, radius,ulna, femur and tibia cut marks are noticed (Pl. II A). Cut marks are also found on the scapula and pelvis. It is interesting to note that the glenoid cavity was usually cut off from the main body of the scapula as it is done even

Weight % 50.78 35.66 2.44 0.15 0.46 0.46 0.30 3.05 0.15 3.45 1.10 0.76 0.03 0.30 0.91 100%

today by the butchers. Similarly, in pelvis cut marks are observed around the region of acetabulum, in the part of illium and ischium, but not on the pubis. The metacarpals and metatarsals have cut marks on the shaft near the proximal and the distal articular ends. Phalanges, carpal and tarsal bones are well preserved and complete (Pl. II B). At times on the distal end of some first phalanges, longitudinal cut marks are noticed (Pl. III.A).

49

Plate II B. Bos indicus: 1st row- First phalanges, 2nd row- Second phalanges and 3rd row- Third phalanges

Plate I A. Bos indicus: 1. Meatcarpal distal, 2. Metacarpal proximal, 3. Calcaneum, 4. Centrotarsal and 5. Astragalus.

Plate I B. Bos indicus: Mandibles Plate III A. Bos indicus: Cut marks on phalanges.

Plate II A. Bos indicus: Cut marks on bones. 1st rowHumerus and 2nd row- Radius.

50

Table 4.17. Frequency of Identified specimens in the three cultural phases at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Cani aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus srofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Small Ruminants Axis axis Axis porcinus Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Herpestes edwardsi Lepus nigricollis Hystrix indica Rattus rattus Reptile Birds Fish Molluscs Crabs

Late Jorwe 2652 129 3676 53 13 88 32 81 12 1 3 21 7 9 10 2 1 16 2 6331 29 30 303 917 39 1 30 1 8 6 6 -11 101 23 37 520 2

% 17.43 00.87 24.18 00.35 00.09 00.58 00.21 00.53 00.08 00.01 00.02 00.14 00.05 00.06 00.06 00.01 00.01 00.11 00.01 41.64 00.19 00.20 01.99 06.03 00.26 00.01 00.20 00.01 00.05 00.04 00.04 -00.07 00.66 00.15 00.24 03.42 00.01

Early Jorwe 2159 110 3576 22 7 101 10 28 2 --4 2 3 2 2 -7 1 307 5 7 29 455 18 -3 1 1 1 --17 8 1 3 99 --

%

Malwa

%

Total

%

30.88 01.58 51.15 00.32 00.10 01.45 00.14 00.40 00.03 --00.06 00.03 00.04 00.03 00.03 -00.10 00.01 04.39 00.07 00.10 00.42 06.51 00.26 -00.04 00.01 00.01 00.01 --00.24 00.11 00.01 00.04 01.42 --

1057 35 1664 12 3 63 20 19 --1 5 -6 -3 -1 1 230 4 11 79 322 11 -4 5 -1 1 2 15 9 --43 2

29.13 00.96 45.85 00.33 00.08 01.74 00.55 00.52 --00.03 00.13 -00.17 -00.08 -00.03 00.03 06.34 00.11 00.30 02.18 08.87 00.30 -00.11 00.14 -00.03 00.03 00.06 00.41 00.25 --01.18 00.06

5868 274 8916 87 23 252 62 128 14 1 4 30 9 18 12 7 1 24 4 6868 38 48 411 1694 68 1 37 7 9 8 7 2 43 118 24 40 662 4

22.72 01.06 34.53 00.34 00.09 00.98 00.24 00.49 00.05 00.01 00.01 00.12 00.03 00.07 00.05 00.03 00.01 00.09 00.01 26.60 00.15 00.19 01.59 06.56 00.26 00.01 00.14 00.03 00.03 00.03 00.03 00.01 00.17 00.46 00.09 00.15 02.56 00.01

Generally on the centrum portion of the vertebrae cut marks are observed. From atlas to caudal, the fragments of all the vertebrae are found. Mandibles are cut at the ascending ramus. Presently this part of the mandible is used in the preparation of soup (Thomas 1988). Cranial fragments with maxillary teeth and horn cores are also identified. The fragments of ribs are innumerable. Bifid dorsal spines of thoracic vertebrae the characteristic feature of the humped cattle are identified at Inamgaon. Charred cattle bones are recovered from all the cultural phases.

Bones are also quantified to find out the taxonomic abundance of each individual species represented in different layers (Table 4.19- 4.31). The maximum representation of this species is found in layer 8 by 45 animals. The Minimum Number of cattle killed are 107 (17.83%), 97 (32.44%) and 83 (32.30%) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively. The bone fragments are also collected from the floors of all the structures in different layers. The settlement structures of layer 7 have yielded the

51

different layers (Table 4.32). It appears that cattle were predominant in the food economy in all the three cultural phases. The maximum amount of meat of this animal was consumed in layer 8 (9,000 kg). The meat weight shows that in the Late Jorwe phase 21,400 kg, Early Jorwe phase 19,400 kg and in the Malwa 16,600 kg meat has been consumed by occupants at Inamgaon.

maximum number of cattle bones. It appears that people depended more on beef in the subsistence economy at Inamgaon. Compared to other smaller species of animals exploited for subsistence, the bovids have contributed maximum quantity of meat because of the stocky nature of these animals. The weight of the meat possibly consumed from different animals also has been worked out for individual species in

Table 4.18. Bone distribution of Bos indicus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 10 28 18 03 03 06 03 06 15 07 04 10 08 -04 16 09 05 26 14 10 22 13 13 07 -257

02 07 40 49 21 21 27 15 25 29 28 23 23 28 04 16 24 23 13 75 56 36 96 29 38 22 06 777

03 12 29 42 22 20 24 20 22 43 35 27 13 23 04 19 35 39 18 70 77 44 134 80 50 40 08 945

04 -28 11 08 09 18 11 11 23 19 20 06 10 01 18 19 23 10 73 41 35 42 39 19 11 03 520

05 02 -08 02 02 07 01 03 10 06 05 03 03 01 03 03 07 06 12 19 07 24 07 09 04 01 153

06 -03 08 06 10 08 02 02 12 09 07 05 06 03 03 05 09 02 26 18 17 21 -06 07 08 205

07 -17 11 07 04 09 05 12 30 06 10 06 08 06 10 14 13 03 35 22 21 55 34 11 12 07 368

08 -25 27 21 29 44 07 34 57 51 37 35 18 10 23 54 43 23 101 73 45 109 33 17 35 04 955

09 02 04 11 06 14 22 05 16 15 11 17 11 06 02 07 17 12 09 17 19 20 44 18 04 07 01 315

10 --01 --01 01 02 04 03 03 01 01 -02 03 02 02 14 09 04 06 25 -03 -89

11 -03 02 -04 13 03 05 08 15 07 -04 01 08 13 07 07 31 18 16 23 04 15 18 02 227

12 -05 12 05 11 08 04 13 18 24 08 06 09 05 11 23 21 11 60 42 30 24 22 18 25 02 417

13 --03 -02 03 01 07 03 04 02 02 02 -01 11 04 03 19 17 15 05 -04 07 -115

14 -02 04 05 05 13 06 05 07 09 06 07 08 03 09 20 11 08 34 34 21 17 05 10 25 02 276

[ Abbreviations for the table of this chapter : HC/AN – Horn Core /Antler, CF – Cranial Fragments, MN –Mandible, SC – Scapula, HU – Humerus, RA – Radius, Ul – Ulna, MC – Metacarpal, C/T – Carpal/Tarsal, MP – Metapodia, PV – Pelvis, FE – Femur, TI – Tibia, PA – Patella, MT – Metatarsal, AS – Astragalus, CA – Calcaneum, CT – Centrotarsal, H1 - 1st Phalanx, H2 – 2nd Phalanx, H3 – 3rd Phalanx, VB – vertebrae, RI – Rib, UJT – Upper Jaw Teeth, LJT - Lower Jaw Teeth, Others – Sesmoid, Hyoid, sterum, etc.]

The presence of the cattle bones and their abundance in all the Chalcolithic sites show the importance of this animal in the general economy

of the early farming communities (Table 4.33). The manifold use of cattle may have been the reason for their abundance.

52

15 -01 09 -10 12 05 05 05 07 02 01 07 01 09 09 17 05 19 16 13 -03 10 10 -176

16 -01 01 02 02 04 03 04 03 03 01 02 02 02 -05 03 05 07 05 04 05 -06 03 -73

53

Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Cani aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus srofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Axis porcinus Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Herpestes edwardsi Lepus nigricollis Hystrix indica

01 12 01 03 03 01 04 -01 01 --01 --02 --02 -36 01 01 05 03 01 01 01 01 ----

02 25 04 11 03 02 06 04 04 01 01 -02 01 01 01 01 01 03 -89 02 01 08 04 -01 -01 01 01 --

03 30 04 14 03 01 04 02 04 02 --02 01 01 ---01 01 65 01 02 12 02 -02 -02 03 02 --

04 32 07 13 02 -07 02 02 01 ---01 -01 ---01 59 01 01 11 02 -01 ---01 --

05 08 01 03 -01 02 -02 ---01 -------07 -01 02 ----01 ----

06 09 02 06 01 01 02 01 01 01 --01 -01 01 --01 -06 -01 02 01 --------

07 20 03 06 01 01 01 -02 -----01 01 ---01 11 -01 01 02 -01 ------

08 45 08 34 02 01 08 03 01 01 --01 01 ----01 -16 02 01 04 01 -01 01 -----

09 11 02 03 01 -02 01 01 ---01 -01 -----02 --02 01 --------

10 04 02 03 01 -02 -01 -----------01 --01 ---------

Table 4.19. Minimum Number of Individual animals (mammals) in different layers at Inamgaon. 11 08 03 05 01 02 03 01 01 -------01 ---04 -01 01 01 ----01 ---

12 31 06 20 01 01 05 03 04 -------01 ---16 02 01 04 01 -----01 --

13 08 01 04 02 -01 01 01 -----01 ---01 -06 01 -01 01 -01 ------

14 19 02 06 02 -02 02 01 --01 01 ------01 04 01 -03 02 -01 ------

15 13 04 03 02 01 02 02 02 -----------04 -03 03 01 -01 02 ---01

16 11 02 05 ---01 01 ---02 -01 -----08 -01 03 01 -01 ------

Table 4.20. Minimum Number of Individual animals in House No 132 of Layer 1 at Inamgaon. Species Bos indicus Capra hircus Antilope cervicapra Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis

132 01 01 06 02 01

Table 4.21. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 2 at Inamgaon. Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra/Ovis Canis familiaris Antilope cervicapra Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Lepus nigricollis

23 01 ----01 ----

108 02 -01 --01 ----

118 01 --01 01 01 ----

125 01 01 01 --01 ----

126 01 ----01 -01 --

129 01 --01 -03 02 -01

130 02 -01 --02 ----

Table 4.22. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of Layer 3 at Inamgaon. Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Capra/Ovis Canis familiaris Equus caballus Antilope cervicapra Boselaphus tragocamelus

102 01 ----03 01

103 01 01 ---01 --

106 02 02 -01 -03 01

107 02 02 01 --02 01

126 01 ----01 --

127 01 01 --01 01 --

128 01 ----01 --

Table 4.23. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of layer 4 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Capra/Ovis Antilope cervicapra Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis

104 02 -01 -01 03 01 --

105 02 ----03 01 --

109 ------01 --

110 03 01 -01 01 04 01 --

111 02 -02 -01 03 -01

112 01 ----02 ---

113 01 ---01 01 ---

114 01 ----01 ---

115 03 01 01 --04 01 --

Table 4.24. Minimum Number of Individual animal in House no. 49 of layer 6 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Antilope cervicapra

49 01 01 01

Table 4.25. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of layer 7 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus

39 02 ---

42 01 ---

51 02 01 02

51A 01 ---

52 01 ---

53 02 ---

54 02 ---

54

57 01 ---

58 ----

59 ----

116 01 ----01 ---

117 01 ----01 01 --

119 01 02 02 --02 ---

121 -----02 ---

122 01 01 02 --01 ---

124 01 ----01 ---

Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Axis axis

----

----

01 02 01

----

-01 --

-01 --

-01 --

-01 01

----

----

Table 4.26. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of layer 4 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis lupus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Boselaphus tragocamelus Cervus unicolor

61 02 -----01 ----

62 01 -----01 ----

63 01 -----02 ----

64 01 ----------

65 02 01 02 01 --01 ----

60&67 01 -02 ---01 ----

68 02 -02 ---01 ----

69 02 01 01 ---01 --01

70 02 01 02 01 01 -01 01 ---

71 02 01 02 01 -01 --01 --

72 02 -02 01 01 -01 ----

Table 4.27. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of layer 12 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Boselaphus tragocamelus

74 01 01 01 ---01 ---

75 02 -03 -1 -01 01 01 01

76 --01 ---01 ---

77 01 ---------

78 02 -02 -------

79 03 01 03 --01 02 -01

80 02 -01 -01 -01 ---

81 02 -01 01 -01 01 ---

83 03 01 02 ---01 ---

84 04 --01 --01 ---

85 03 01 03 ---01 ---

Table 4.28. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houseno. 50 of layer 13 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Capra/Ovis Canis sp. Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Axis axis Cervus unicolor

50 01 01 02 01 01 02 01 01 01

Table 4.29. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Houses of layer 16 at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Canis lupus Canis sp. Antilope cervicapra Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus

86 01 ------01 ---

87 02 -02 01 01 01 01 02 01 01

88 -----------

89 -------01 ---

91 -----------

93 01 ------01 ---

55

94 -----------

95 03 01 03 ------01

96 -------01 ---

98 -------01 ---

99 -----------

73 02 -01 ---01 ----

56

Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Canis aueus Canis sp. Felis cahus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus scrofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselapus tragocamelus Axis axis Axis porcinus Axis sp Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp.

01 11 01 03 02 01 04 -01 01 --01 --02 --02 -30 01 01 03 02 01 -01 01 01

H 01 --01 ---------------06 --02 01 ------

02 16 03 08 03 02 04 04 03 01 01 -02 01 01 01 01 01 03 -79 02 01 06 02 -01 01 -01

H 09 01 03 --02 -01 -----------10 --02 01 ------

03 21 04 08 03 01 03 02 03 01 --02 01 01 ---01 01 53 01 02 09 02 --02 -02

H 09 -06 --01 -01 01 ----------12 --03 -------

04 12 02 05 01 -03 02 02 01 ---01 -01 ---01 30 01 01 05 01 --01 ---

01 20 05 08 01 -04 -------------29 --06 01 ------

05 08 01 03 -01 02 -02 ---01 -------07 -01 02 -----01

H ------------------------------

06 08 02 05 01 01 02 01 01 01 --01 -01 01 --01 -05 -01 02 01 ------

H 01 -01 ----------------01 ----------

07 08 02 04 01 01 01 -02 -----01 01 ----03 -01 01 ---01 ---

H 12 01 02 ---------------01 08 ---02 ------

Table 4.30. Minimum Number of Individual animals in Different layers and houses at Inamgaon 08 25 04 20 02 01 04 01 01 01 ---01 ----01 -05 01 01 03 01 ---01 --

H 20 04 14 --04 02 ----01 -------11 01 -01 ---01 ---

09 11 02 03 01 -02 01 01 ---01 -01 -----02 --02 01 ------

H ------------------------------

10 04 02 03 01 -02 -01 -----------01 --01 -------

H ------------------------------

11 08 03 05 01 02 03 01 01 -------01 ---04 -01 01 01 ------

H ------------------------------

12 09 02 03 01 01 02 02 01 -------01 ---06 01 01 02 01 ------

H 23 04 17 --03 01 03 -----------10 01 -02 -------

13 07 01 03 ---01 01 ---------01 -04 --01 -------

H 01 -01 02 -01 -------01 -----02 01 --01 --01 ---

14 19 02 06 02 -02 02 01 --01 01 ------01 04 01 -03 02 --01 ---

H ------------------------------

15 13 04 03 02 01 02 02 02 -----------04 -03 03 01 --01 02 --

H ------------------------------

16 04 01 ---------01 -------01 --01 01 --01 ---

H 07 01 05 ---01 01 ---01 -01 -----07 -01 02 -------

Table 4.31. The Minimum Number of Individuals in the three cultural phases at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Cani aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus srofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Axis porcinus Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Herpestes edwardsi Lepus nigricollis Hystrix indica Total

Late Jorwe 107 17 44 11 5 23 8 13 5 1 1 10 3 2 4 1 1 6 2 256 5 6 38 11 1 5 1 5 4 4 -600

% 17.83 02.83 07.33 01.83 00.83 03.83 01.33 02.17 00.83 00.17 0.17 01.67 00.51 00.33 00.67 00.17 00.17 01.00 00.33 42.67 00.83 01.00 06.33 01.83 00.17 0083 00.17 00.83 00.67 00.67 -100%

Early Jorwe 97 20 57 7 5 18 6 7 2 --3 1 3 2 1 -2 1 40 2 4 11 6 -2 1 -1 --299

57

% 32.44 06.69 19.06 02.34 01.67 06.02 02.01 02.34 00.67 --01.01 00.33 01.01 00.67 00.33 -00.67 00.33 13.30 00.67 01.34 03.68 02.01 -00.67 00.33 -00.33 --100%

Malwa 83 15 38 7 2 10 9 9 --1 3 -2 -1 -1 1 38 4 5 14 6 -4 2 --1 1 257

% 32.30 05.84 14.78 02.72 00.78 03.89 03.50 03.50 --00.39 01.17 -00.78 -00.39 -00.39 00.39 14.78 01.56 01.94 05.45 02.33 -01.56 00.78 --00.39 0039 100%

58

Canis aureus Sus scrofa Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Herpestus edwardsi Lepus nigricollis

Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Canis lupus

00.0 200.0 540.0 10.0 12.5 500.0 112.5 125.0 20.0 00.0 00.0

01 2400.0 250.0 675.0 37.5 12.5 50.0 00.0 7.5 150.0 9.0

4.0 300.0 1335.0 20.0 12.5 800.0 112.5 125.0 00.0 00.75 1.0

02 5000.0 1000.0 2475.0 37.5 25.0 75.0 80.0 30.0 150.0 18.0 4.0 100.0 975.0 10.0 25.0 1200.0 75.0 250.0 00.0 2.25 2.0

03 6000.0 1000.0 3150.0 37.5 12.5 50.0 40.0 30.0 300.0 18.0 4.0 00.0 885.0 10.0 12.5 1100.0 75.0 125.0 00.0 00.0 1.0

04 6400.0 1750.0 2925.0 25.0 00.0 87.5 40.0 15.0 150.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 105.0 00.0 12.5 200.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

05 1600.0 250.0 675.0 00.0 12.5 25.0 00.0 15.0 00.0 9.0 00.0 100.0 90.0 00.0 12.5 200.0 37.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

06 1800.0 500.0 1350.0 12.5 12.5 25.0 20.0 7.5 150.0 9.0 00.0 00.0 165.0 00.0 12.5 100.0 75.0 125.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

07 4000.0 750.0 1350.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 00.0 15.5 00.0 00.0

Table 4.32. Weight of meat probably consumed in various stratigraphical units at Inamgaon

4.0 100.0 240.0 20.0 12.5 400.0 37.5 125.0 20.0 00.0 00.0

08 9000.0 2000.0 7650.0 25.0 12.5 100.0 60.0 7.5 150.0 9.0 00.0 00.0 30.0 00.0 00.0 200.0 37.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

09 2200.0 500.0 675.0 12.5 00.0 25.0 20.0 7.5 00.0 9.0 00.0 00.0 15.0 00.0 00.0 100.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

10 800.0 500.0 675.0 12.5 00.0 25.0 00.0 7.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 60.0 00.0 12.5 100.0 37.5 00.0 00.0 00.75 00.0

11 1600.0 750.0 1125.0 12.5 25.0 37.5 20.0 7.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 240.0 20.0 12.5 400.0 37.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 1.0

12 6400.0 1500.0 4500.0 12.5 12.5 62.5 60.0 30.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 100.0 90.0 10.0 00.0 100.0 37.5 125.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

13 1600.0 250.0 900.0 25.0 00.0 12.5 20.0 7.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 60.0 10.0 00.0 300.0 75.0 125.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

14 3800.0 500.0 1350.0 25.0 00.0 25.0 40.0 7.5 00.0 9.0

00.0 00.0 60.0 00.0 37.5 300.0 37.5 125.0 40.0 00.0 00.0

15 2600.0 1000.0 675.0 25.0 12.5 25.0 40.0 15.0 00.0 00.0

00.0 00.0 120.0 00.0 12.5 300.0 37.5 125.0 00.0 00.0 00.00

16 2200.0 500.0 1125.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 20.0 7.5 00.0 18.0

Table 4.33. Distribution of animals in the Chalcolithic culture of Maharashtra Species Domestic Mammals Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Bos sp. Capra hircus Ovis aries Sus domesticus Sus sp. Equus caballus Equus asinus Equus sp. Canis familiaris Felis catus Wild Mammals Presbytis entellus Seminopithecus sp. Bubalus arnee Bos gaurus Elephas maximus Rhinoceros sp. Boselaphus tragocamelus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Cervus unicolor Cervus duvauceli Cervus sp. Cervus/ Axis Axis axis Axis porcinus Muntiacus muntjak Sus scrofa Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Felis chaus Canis lupus Canis aurus Vulpes bengalensis Vulpes sp. Melursus ursinus Viverricula indica Hystrix indica Herpestes edwardsi Lepus nigricollis Rattus rattus Bandicota indica Ratufa indica Birds Gallus domesticus Gallus gallus Gallus sp. Anser anser Pavo cristatus Ardea sp. Ardeotis nigriceps Reptiles Trionyx gangeticus Batagur baska Chitra indica

Nasik

Nevasa

Apegaon

Daimabad

Inamgaon

Kaothe

Walki

Tuljapur garhi

Adam

+ + + + +? -

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + -

+ + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + +

+ + + -

+ + + + + + -

+ + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + -

+? +? + + + -

+ + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + -

-

+ -

-

+ -

+ + + + -

+ + + + -

+ -

+ +

+ -

+ -

+? +?

+ -

+ -

+ +

+ -

+ + +

+

-

59

Kachuga sp. Lissemys punctata Crocodylus palustris Gavialis gangeticus Varanus monitor Snake Mollusca Shells Lamellidens sp. Corbicula sp. Ariophanta sp. Digoniostoma pulchella Pila globosa Melania striatella tuberculata Sabulina octona Cryptozona belangeri Melamia striatella scaba Glessula sp. Parreyssia sp. Viviparus bengalensis Xesta semirugata Cyrena impressa Paphia gallus Marcia recens Turbo coronatus Ornamentaria annulus Nerita chameleon Dostia crepidularia Melanoides pyramis Indonaia caerulea Conus sp. Telescopium telescopium Cantharus undosus Gratiadusta pallida Turbinella pyrum Cypraea arabica Meretrix sp. Murex sp.

-

+? -

-

-

+ + + +

+ -

+ + + -

-

+ + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

-

-

+ -

+ + + + + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + -

+ + + + + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ -

+ = Presence, - = Absence, ? = Species doubtful

The evidence of sharing of meat between people of two different houses in the Malwa phase is very significant. The bones of a three years old bull were found on the floors of the houses 83 and 79. Interestingly house number 83 had the right half of the body and house number 79, the left half. These two structures were situated in different locales. The degree of charring and the metrical analyses reveal that, these bones belong to one and the same animal. People from these houses might have butchered this animal at some special occasion. This evidence throws light on the socio-cultural aspects of the people. Cattle bones were also collected from some of the human burials, which may be related to the ceremony of offering to the dead person (Thomas 1988).

Age of cattle at death The dentition as well as the fused and unfused epiphyses of long bones (Pl. III B) from different layers was studied in detail to find out the age at death of cattle (Table 4.34; Fig. 4.1). In all the three cultural phases at Inamgaon, around 70% cattle were slaughtered between the ages of 1.53.5 years. Killing of animals below the age of 1.5 years is represented very less in the Early Jorwe (0.5%) and Late Jorwe phase (0.42%), as compared to the Malwa phase (14.11%) (Table 4.34 & 4.35).Very adult and senile animals were represented in lesser proportion, in the Malwa phase compared to the other two phases. Probably the agricultural activities were of lesser magnitude in the Malwa phase as compared to the other two phases. More representation of adult

60

and senile animals in the Early Jorwe and Late Jorwe phases reveals that a few of these animals might have been also kept for the agricultural operations. The maximum selection of animals between the age group of 1.5- 3.5 years indicates the primary importance of this animal at the site was as meat producer. Thus, stock-raising of cattle was mainly carried out at Inamgaon for regular supply of meat. Plate III B. Bos indicus: Unfused femur heads

Fig. 4.1. Inamgaon: Age of cattle at death

Table 4.34. Age at death of cattle in different layers at Inamgaon. Layer 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A 03 07 11 07 02 05 04 15 07 02 05 05 02 04 01 02

B 03 17 18 08 03 08 11 40 10 06 15 15 06 07 05 03

C 03 07 08 08 03 05 04 20 09 01 06 07 02 06 05 03

D 00 01 03 01 00 00 00 06 01 00 02 06 01 02 02 01

Total 09 32 40 24 08 18 19 81 27 09 28 33 11 19 13 09

A% 33.33 21.88 27.50 29.17 25.00 27.78 21.05 18.52 25.93 22.22 17.86 15.15 18.18 21.05 7.15 22.22

B% 33.33 53.12 45.00 33.33 37.50 44.44 57.89 49.38 37.04 66.67 53.57 45.45 54.55 36.84 38.46 33.33

C% 33.33 21.88 20.00 33.33 37.50 27.78 21.05 24.69 33.33 11.11 21.43 21.21 18.18 31.58 38.46 33.33

61

D% 00.00 03.12 07.50 04.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 07.41 03.70 00.00 07.14 18.18 09.09 10.53 15.38 11.11

A- Age more than 3.5 years B- Age less than 3.5 years and more than 2.5 years C- Age less than 2.5 years and more than 1.5 years D- Age less than 1.5 years Table 4.35. Age at death of cattle in the three cultural phases at Inamgaon Cultural phases Malwa phase Early Jorwe phase Late Jorwe phase

A 14 38 30

B 36 80 49

C 23 45 29

D 12 09 05

Total 085 173 113

A% 16.47 21.96 26.54

B% 42.35 46.24 43.36

C% 27.05 26.01 25.66

D% 14.11 00.05 00.42

representation of bones and individual animals are noticed in layer 8. The amount of meat consumed of this animal at Inamgaon in all the cultural phases shows that buffaloes were the second most important animal in the food economy (Table 4.32).

Bubalus bubalis (buffalo) Bones of buffalo, though scanty, were recovered from all the 16 layers at Inamgaon (Pl. IV A). Fragments of bones both from appendicular and axial skeletons were identified (Table 4.36). The remains of this animal were also found on some house floors in layers 2, 4, 7, 8, 12 and 16 (Table 4.19-4.31). Cut marks are found on all the long bones, metacarpals, metatarsals, pelvis and scapula. The butchering pattern is the same as it is seen on the cattle bones. Charring marks are also noticed on the bone fragments. The bones of this animal are very sparsely represented in all the Chalcolithic sites of Maharashtra.

The quantity of meat consumed of this animal was 3,750 kg, 5,000 kg and 4,250 kg, in the Malwa, Early Jorwe and Late Jorwe phases, respectively. It is interesting to note that, comparatively there is a decline in the representation of bones of buffalo in the Late Jorwe phase. Morphologically, the bones of cattle and buffaloes are very similar. The fragments of ribs, vertebrae and other very fragmented bones could not be identified to species level. Such fragments were recorded under one group called Bos/Bubalus. Since cattle bones are dominating in the overall faunal assemblage a majority of bones from this group may belong to the cattle (Table 4.37). The number of identified fragments of this group accounts for more than 40% in the faunal assemblage at Inamgaon, which is apparently more than that of cattle and buffalo. However, the weight of these fragments is meager, shows the high degree of fragmentation of bones.

Plate IV A. Bubalus bubalis: 1. Metacarpal proximal, 2. Metacarpal distal, 3. Metatarsal distal, 4. Second phalanx, 5. First phalanx, 6. Centrotarsal and 7. Astragalus.

The percentage frequency of bone fragments shows maximum representation in the Early Jorwe phase, i.e. 1.58% (Table 4.17). The number of identified fragments are 129 (0.87%) in the Late Jorwe, 110 (1.58%) in the Early Jorwe and 35 (0.96%) in the Malwa phase. The minimum number of individuals are 17 (2.83%), 20 (6.69%) and 15 (5.84%) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively. In the layer-wise distribution, the maximum

62

Table 4.36. Bone distribution of Bubalus bubalis in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 --01 01 ---01 ----01 -----06 03 02 --02 --17

02 --01 02 01 --05 -01 -01 -01 02 02 --05 10 06 -----37

03 ---01 -01 -09 ------01 02 04 04 10 19 03 --01 --55

04 ---------01 ---01 ---04 03 08 01 -----18

05 ----------------01 --01 ------02

06 -----------------01 01 03 01 -----06

07 -------01 ----02 --03 --04 03 ------13

08 -------01 ----02 --03 --04 03 ------13

09 -------01 -------02 -01 01 06 01 -----12

10 ------------01 01 ----02 03 ------07

11 -------04 ---------02 02 05 ------13

12 --01 ----01 ------01 02 -02 -03 01 01 ----12

13 -----------------01 -01 ------02

14 ---01 ---01 --------01 --04 ------07

15 ---------------03 -04 -04 ------11

16 -------01 ----------01 -------02

Table 4.37. Bone distribution of Bos/Bubalus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3

01 -46 15 11 10 07 01 03 05 20 11 13 03 -06 03 07 -03 02 02

02 02 97 34 18 22 10 08 10 47 57 21 38 14 -18 09 17 12 16 09 07

03 01 93 22 14 16 03 10 04 27 40 22 18 11 03 04 04 11 09 06 01 06

04 01 59 09 08 17 13 05 09 40 29 24 13 10 03 09 04 14 07 19 07 09

05 01 14 -02 01 02 04 01 05 05 03 06 --01 02 02 04 02 01 01

06 -42 06 06 10 09 09 02 10 19 17 05 06 07 03 02 05 -01 -03

07 -20 09 02 05 03 03 01 05 05 08 15 03 02 03 02 05 01 02 01 --

63

08 02 47 36 20 43 21 10 18 51 80 61 54 15 09 12 10 26 09 16 02 02

09 -23 08 04 03 10 05 01 21 28 10 08 02 03 05 04 09 05 06 02 03

10 01 13 07 02 03 01 04 -04 05 02 05 04 -06 -04 03 04 01 02

11 02 20 11 03 20 16 05 02 17 25 07 18 07 04 10 02 09 04 05 05 03

12 -25 19 04 18 14 08 06 26 44 15 15 07 07 05 10 12 06 10 08 04

13 03 05 07 -02 06 03 02 15 08 03 09 03 03 03 04 03 -07 -07

14 01 08 12 -10 02 11 06 15 20 17 08 01 05 04 09 11 09 02 01 01

15 -20 08 02 03 03 03 04 19 16 12 13 03 03 05 08 11 06 07 -02

16 -02 03 -03 01 01 02 02 02 05 01 01 -04 --01 03 -01

VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

103 49 05 01 15 341

272 155 24 05 15 943

233 176 15 14 10 765

229 96 20 06 12 687

55 25 02 02 04 145

107 107 04 10 09 394

113 68 02 02 05 289

354 134 43 30 14 1130

144 45 10 02 07 368

40 17 02 04 04 138

111 78 17 16 07 424

191 94 37 20 16 621

55 49 08 08 05 230

101 53 05 04 02 320

80 44 13 11 07 332

28 10 04 02 -78

Capra/Ovis (goat/sheep) As compared to other Chalcolithic sites of Western Maharashtra goat/sheep bones are meagerly represented at Inamgaon. Altogether, the identified bone fragments of sheep and goat are only 1.41%, in the total faunal assemblage. Skeletal remains are sparsely distributed in all the layers (Pl. IV B). The remains of goat/sheep are absent in layer 16 (Table 4.38-4.40). Bones are also collected from the house floors in the layers 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 13 (Table 4.19-4.31). Plate IV B. Capra/Ovis: 1. Humerus, 2. Horn core, 3. Humerus distal, 4. Femur distal, 5. Tibia distal and 6. Part of pelvis.

Table 4.38. Bone distribution of Capra/Ovis in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 -01 05 -02 --01 --01 ---01 --------01 --12

02 --05 02 03 01 01 02 -01 -03 --01 -02 ----02 -02 01 -26

03 --01 01 02 03 -01 -01 02 ---01 02 --01 01 ----06 -22

04 --01 -03 06 01 --02 --02 -----02 --01 -03 --21

05 --01 ------03 -01 ------01 --01 ----07

06 -----01 ---01 -01 02 --------04 -02 --11

07 -----01 ---------------------01

64

08 --01 05 02 -01 --02 01 01 -01 ------03 --04 -21

09 --03 -01 03 -01 --01 01 ---01 --01 --01 ----13

10 --03 01 -04 ---01 08 -----02 -01 ---04 02 -03 -29

11 --02 04 -03 -01 --03 -01 -01 ---03 --01 -02 05 -26

12 --01 01 02 04 -02 -01 03 03 ---01 01 -02 -01 01 -01 --24

13 ---01 01 --02 -01 01 02 ----01 01 01 01 ---01 02 -15

14 01 05 --01 02 ------01 -----01 ----02 --13

15 --02 --01 -01 --01 ---01 01 --02 -----02 -11

16 --------------------------56

phase. The maximum amount of meat of this animal has been consumed in the Late Jorwe phase, especially in layer 2 and also in the Early Jorwe phase, in layer 8 (Table 4.32).

The number of identified bones are 154 (1. 02%), 130 (1.87%) and 78 (2.15%) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.1-4.17). The minimum number of individuals represented are 39 (6.49%), 30 (10.03%) and 19 (7.39%) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively. In almost all the Chalcolithic sites the sheep and goat is the second most important animal in the food economy, except at Inamgaon. The probable weight of meat consumed by inhabitants at Inamgaon is 487.50 kg in the Late Jorwe, 375.5kg in Early Jorwe and 237.50 kg in Malwa

A majority of bones of this group belong to the goat (0.34%). The skeletal remains of the sheep are only 0.09% in the collection (Table 4.17).Because of the morphological similarities, some fragments of bones could not be identified to species level which are grouped together as Capra/Ovis which accounted for about (0.98 %) in the collection.

Table 4.39. Bone distribution of Capra hircus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 --02 -01 01 -01 -01 -01 01 --01 --01 -------10

02 --03 ----03 -01 01 02 02 ---01 -06 04 ---02 --25

03 01 01 01 -03 02 -02 ----02 --01 -01 01 --01 ----16

04 -------01 -----------01 ------02

05 --------------------------00

06 -----01 01 -------------------02

07 ---01 -01 --------------------02

08 --02 --02 01 -----01 --01 ----------07

09 --01 -------01 -------01 -------03

10 ------------------01 -------01

11 --01 -02 -01 ------------01 ---01 01 -07

12 ----------------01 ------01 01 -03

10 --------

11 ---03 01 ---

12 --------

13 -----01 -----------01 01 -------03

14 ---01 -01 -----01 --01 -----------04

15 -----------------------02 --02

16 --------------------------00

Table 4.40. Bone distribution of Ovis aries in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL

01 --------

02 -01 02 -01 01 --

03 ----01 ---

04 --------

05 ----01 ---

06 ---01 ----

07 ----01 ---

65

08 ----01 ---

09 --------

13 --------

14 --------

15 --------

16 --------

MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

----01 --------------01

---01 01 -----01 ---01 ----09

----01 --------------02

-------------------00

-------------------01

-------------------01

-------------------01

Sus domesticus (domestic pig)

-------------------01

-------------------00

-------------------00

-------------------04

01 ----------------01 -02

-------------------00

-------------------00

Plate V A. Sus domesticus: 1. Mandible, 2. Scapula, 3. Ulna, 4. Radius, 5. Femur, 6. Tibia, 7. Astragalus, 8. Second phalanx, 9. Radius and 10. Calcaneum.

Domestic pigs are reported from a large number of Chalcolithic sites in western India, except Apegaon (Table 4.33). This animal was also utilized for meat, by early farmers. However, at Inamgaon the representation of bones of pig does not show that it was exploited for food purpose. In the total faunal assemblage from the site only 62 bones of this animal are found. A few skeletal remains are found at Inamgaon in all the layers, except layers 1, 5, 7 and 10 (Table 4.1-4.16), (Pl.V A). The distribution of bone fragments is scanty (Table 4.41). Pig bones are also found in the houses from layers 8 and 12 (Table 4.26 & 4.27). The phase-wise distribution of identifiable bones shows that they are represented 32 (0.21 %) in the Late Jorwe phase, 10 (0.14 %) in the Early Jorwe phase and 20 (0.55 %) in the Malwa phase (Table 4.17). The maximum representation is observed in the Malwa phase with 9 individual animals followed by 8 and 6 in the Late Jorwe and Early Jorwe phase, respectively (Table 4.194.31). The possibly consumed meat weight is calculated for different layers and the maximum consumption was noticed in layer 2, i.e. 80 kg (Table 4.32).

66

-----------01 -------01

-------------------00

Table 4.41. Bone distribution of Sus domesticus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 -------------------------00

02 04 01 01 03 02 01 ----01 ---01 01 --01 -02 -02 --20

03 01 -01 01 01 01 -----01 --------01 ----07

04 ----01 ----01 -01 --01 -----01 ----05

05 -------------------------00

06 -----01 01 ------------------02

07 -------------------------00

Canis familiaris (dog) From very early times dog is known as a companion of man and has been reported from a number of archaeological sites (Table 4.33). At Inamgaon the dog bones are found in all the 16 layers. Bones are sparsely distributed in all the cultural phases (Table 4.42). The remains are recovered from the houses in layers 2, 3, 12 and 16 (Table 4.21, 4.22, 4.27 & 4.29). Plate V B. Canis familiaris: 1. Humerus, 2. &3. Humerus distal, 4. Ulna, 5. Tibia distal and 6. Tibia proximal

67

08 ---01 01 02 -----01 -------------05

09 -01 -----------------------01

10 -------------------------00

11 ----01 -------------01 ------02

12 -01 01 -----------01 01 ----02 ----06

13 --------------------01 ----01

14 --01 -01 01 -----------01 01 ------05

15 --------------01 -----01 03 01 01 -07

16 --01 ----------------------01

Table 4.42. Bone distribution of Canis familiaris in different layers at Inamgaon Bones CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI FI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 02 01 02 01 01 ---01 01 -01 --------------10

02 03 03 01 03 -02 --01 02 04 07 ---01 01 -03 --02 ----33

03 -03 -05 02 01 --01 03 01 -----01 ----01 --01 -19

04 -05 -02 01 01 ---02 -02 ----------01 ---14

05 ---01 ----01 --01 --01 --01 --------05

06 01 -01 ------------01 01 ---------04

07 02 ----------------01 -------03

08 -01 ------03 01 --01 -----01 ---05 ---12

09 01 -------05 ---------01 -------07

10 -01 ------------------------01

11 --01 -----------------------01

12 -01 01 -01 ---02 01 ----------------06

13 ---01 ----------------------01

14 --01 01 01 01 --01 -----------------05

%) in Malwa phases (Table 4.1-4.16). The numbers of individuals are 12, 6 and 8 in the Late Jorwe phase, Early Jorwe phase and Malwa phase, respectively (Table 4.19-4.31).

The bone fragments recovered from the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases do not show any trace of human activity on them. But in the Late Jorwe phase, cut marks and charring marks are observed on some of the long bones and scapula (Pl. V B). It suggests consumption of dog meat by the inhabitants in this phase. Archaeological evidence is lacking for the consumption of dog meat in India, but an ethnographic parallel is available of a tribe Katodi, from Maharashtra who kills the domestic dog for food at the time of scarcity (Thomas 1984a, 1988, 1989). A large number of bone fragments are identified from the Late Jorwe phase. The number of identified fragments are 81 (0.53 %) in the Late Jorwe phase, 28 (0.40 %) in Early Jorwe and 19 (0.52

Equus caballus (horse) Horse is introduced towards the end of the Chalcolithic culture at Inamgaon. This animal is also reported from other Chalcolithic sites of this region such as Nevasa, Daimabad and Walki (Table 4.33) (Clason, 1979; Badam 1986; Joglekar 1992; Thomas and Joglekar 1994; Joglekar and Thomas 1995). At Inamgaon the bones are identified from the terminal layers of Early Jorwe phase and maximum are in the Late

68

15 -01 -02 01 -----01 ---------------05

16 ---------01 ------01 ---------02

Jorwe phase (Table 4.1-4.16). Fragments of dentition like incisor, premolar and molar and the lower limb extremities such as distal end of the tibia, metapodials and the first phalanges were recovered from Inamgaon (Pl. VI A). Also found a centrum portion of the last lumber vertebra. Cut marks are found on the lower limb bones. The Late Jorwe phase is contemporary with the Iron Age culture of this region. From the Megalithic burials of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, similar kind of occurrence of bones was found (Thomas 1992 a & b). Cut marks and charring on the distal tibia suggests the consumption of meat of this animal probably at some ceremony.

Equus asinus (ass)

Plate VI A. Equus caballus: 1. Lumber vertebra, 2. Metapodial distal, 3. Tibia distal, First phalanx and 5-7. Teeth.

Elephas maximus (elephant)

Ass is reported from sites such as Nevasa, Daimabad, Inamgaon and Walki (Table 4.33). At Inamgaon this animal is represented by only one bone – a third phalanx. From Walki, only one cervical vertebra is identified (Joglekar 1992; Thomas and Joglekar 1994; Joglekar and Thomas 1995). Ass has also been reported from Daimabad, Nevasa and Tuljapur Garhi (Clason 1979; Badam 1986 and Thomas 1992 a). Since this animal is a beast of burden, it is likely that a small herd of ass might have been associated with this early farming community.

The presence of this animal is identified from the sites Nevasa, Daimabad and Inamgaon. Ivory objects are found in the Late Jorwe phase and a piece of ivory tusk is collected from the Malwa phase. An Ivory dice is rectangular in shape and is cut on all sides and polished. On the four flat surfaces double circles are incised in numbers ranging from 1 – 4 (Dhavalikar and Ansari 1988). Canis lupus (wolf) This animal has not been represented in all the layers at Inamgaon (Table 4.1 – 4.16). A majority of bones of wolf are found in the Late Jorwe phase and almost all the bones of this animal are identified from this phase. In the Early Jorwe phase, this animal is represented by humerus, radius, ulna, and metapodials and in the Malwa phase by one fragment of each of humerus, femur and astragalus and two fragments of tibia. Comparatively the distribution of skeletal remains is very scanty in all the three cultural phases (Table 4.43).

Table 4.43. Bone distribution of Canis lupus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP

01 01 ---------

02 -01 02 01 01 03 ----

03 ---01 01 -----

04 ----------

05 --------01

06 -----01 --01

07 ----------

69

08 ---01 ------

09 ----01 -----

10 ----------

11 ----------

12 ----------

13 ----------

14 ----------

15 ----------

16 ---01 ------

PV FE TI FI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

--01 ---------01 ----03

------01 01 -----01 ---11

01 01 -----02 ---------06

-----------------00

-----------------01

-----------------02

-----------------00

-----------------01

-----------------01

-----------------00

-----------------00

-----------------00

-----------------00

--02 --------------02

-----------------00

-01 ----01 ----------03

15 -----------------------

16 ----------------------

Malwa phase and are represented by only two bones the scapula and radius, in the Early Jorwe phase. In the Late Jorwe phase seven bones are found such as mandible, ulna, femur one each, and humerus and tibia two each (Table 4.44).The remains of this animal are not identified from any other Chalcolithic sites of Maharashtra, except Walki (Joglekar 1992; Joglekar and Thomas 1995) (Table 4.33).

Altogether 21 bone fragments are found in the Late Jorwe phase, 4 in the Early Jorwe and 5 in the Malwa phase (Table 4.1 – 4.17). Minimum Number of Individuals is 6, 3 and 3, in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.19 – 4.31). Canis aureus (jackal) Bones of this animal are very sparsely distributed. The skeletal remains are absent in the

Table 4.44. Bone distribution of Canis aureus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI FI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB

01 -----------------------

02 -01 -02 -------01 -----------

03 -----01 -----01 -----------

04 ----------01 ------------

05 -----------------------

06 -----------------------

07 -----------------------

70

08 --01 -01 ------------------

09 -----------------------

10 -----------------------

11 -----------------------

12 -----------------------

13 -----------------------

14 ----------------------

RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

----00

----04

----02

----01

----00

----00

----00

----02

----00

----00

----00

----00

----00

----00

Panthera pardus (leopard)

Felis chaus (jungle cat)

Leopard bones were identified from layers 2, 11 and 12. Only a few bone fragments were found and they are - three complete first phalanges, one proximal part of femur, three fragments of metapodials, etc. (Pl. VI B). Epiphyses of all the bones were fused. There is no trace of charring and cut marks to suggest human activity on these bone fragments. Therefore, it is doubtful that these animals may have contributed to the subsistence economy at Inamgaon. The only other site where the skeletal remains of this animal were reported was at Walki (Joglekar 1992; Joglekar and Thomas 1995) very near to Inamgaon, in the Pune district of Maharashtra.

This animal is identified from the layer 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. Fragments of scapula, humerus, radius, pelvis, femur, tibia, calcaneum and metapodia are found with cut marks and charring (Pl. VII A). A majority of the remains are recovered from the Late Jorwe phase, i.e. 10, (0.06 %) (Table 4.17). This animal has also been reported from Kaothe (Thomas and Joglekar 1990), Walki (Joglekar 1992; Joglekar and Thomas 1995) and Adam (Thomas and Joglekar in press) (Table 4.33). Plate VII A. Felis chaus: 1&2. Pelvis, 3. Tibia and 4. Femur proximal.

Plate VI B. Panthera pardus: 1. Metapodia, 2&3. Scapula, 4-6. First phalanges.

Bos gaurus (gaur) Only two first phalanges, one third phalanx (Pl. VII B) and a fragment of calcaneum are identified at Inamgaon (Table 4.1- 4.16). It is interesting to note that these bones constitute the non-meat bearing parts of the skeleton of an animal and are found well preserved. Probably these bones have reached the site by scavenging activities of human or non- human agencies. Gaur has also been reported from the Chalcolithic sites such as Walki (Joglekar 1992 and Joglekar and Thomas 1995) in western Maharashtra and Adam (Thomas and Joglekar in press) in eastern Maharashtra (Table 4.33).

Panthera tigris (tiger) Only one fragment of the distal part of a radius was identified from layer 2. The distal end is unfused and the lack of any human or animal activity on the bone suggests that this animal was not in the diet of the people. The skeletal remains of this animal are also reported from Walki (Joglekar 1992 and Joglekar and Thomas 1995).

71

----00

----00

Plate VII B. Bos gaurus: 1. Third phalanx, 2&3. First phalanges.

remains of this animal are represented sparsely in all the cultural phases. From layer 13 of the Malwa phase, only one femur is identified. In the Early Jorwe phase, bones are found in layers 6 and 8. However, maximum representation is noticed in the Late Jorwe phase. The identified fragments include cranial, mandible, humerus, tibia, metacarpal, calcaneum and some vertebral fragments (Table 4.45). Altogether 16 bone fragments are recovered from the Late Jorwe phase, 7 from the Early Jorwe phase and one from the Malwa phase (Table 4.1-4.16). The bones of wild pig account for only 0.09 % in the entire faunal assemblage (Table 4.17). The Minimum Number of Individuals is 6, 2 and 1, in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.19-4.31). Approximately 600 kg of meat of this animal has been consumed in the Late Jorwe phase (Table 4.34).

Sus scrofa (wild pig) Wild pig is identified from Kaothe, in the Dhule district (Thomas and Joglekar 1990) and Walki, in the Pune district (Joglekar 1992 and Joglekar and Thomas 1995) (Table 4.33). At Inamgaon

Table 4.45. Bone distribution of Sus scrofa in different layers at Inamgaon Bones CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 01 --01 -02 -------------------04

02 -03 01 --02 --------------02 ----08

03 ---01 -----01 -----01 ----01 ----04

04 -------------------------00

05 -------------------------00

06 ---01 ------------------01 --02

07 -------------------------00

08 ----01 -01 ----01 --------02 ----05

09 -------------------------00

10 -------------------------00

11 -------------------------00

12 -------------------------00

13 ----------01 --------------01

14 ------------------------00

India, extending through the open lands of Deccan to a little south of the river Krishna (Prater 1965).

Gazella bennetti (chinkara) This animal is presently distributed in the plains and low hills of northern, western and central

72

15 -------------------------00

16 ------------------------00

identified in the assemblage (Table 4.46). Altogether 29 bones are recovered in the Late Jorwe phase, 5 in the Early Jorwe phase and 4 in the Malwa phase (Table 4.17). The Minimum Number of Individuals is 5, 2 and 4 in the Late Jorwe, the Early Jorwe and in the Malwa phases, respectively. The probable meat consumption from this animal is 50 kg, 20 kg and 40 kg in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.32).

Chinkara is identified from all the three cultural phases. However, they are absent in many of the stratigraphical units (Table 4.1-4.16). Bones are also collected from the structures in the layers 8, 12 and 13 (Table 4.26-4.28). Compared to the Malwa and the Early Jorwe phases, the skeletal remains are found more in the Late Jorwe phase. Fragments of horn core, scapula, humerus, radius, metacarpal, metatarsal, pelvis, femur, tibia, astragalus, calcaneum, first, second and third phalanges and a few fragments of vertebrae are

Table 4.46. Bone distribution of Gazella bennetti in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 01 ------01 ---01 01 -----02 02 -02 ----10

02 ---02 01 01 ----01 ---01 ----01 01 ---02 -10

03 01 --------01 --01 --01 --01 01 ------06

04 ------------------02 01 ------03

05 --------------------------00

06 --------------------------00

07 --------------------------00

08 ----01 01 ------02 ---01 ---------05

09 --------------------------00

10 --------------------------00

11 --------------------------00

12 ---------------01 ----------01

13 ---------01 --------01 -------02

14 ---------01 ---------------01

as Solapur, Ahmadnagar, Dhule, Nasik, Bid, Osmanabad, Nanded, Yavatmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara and Chandrapur of Maharashtra (Fig.4.2).

This animal also identified at Walki (Table 4.33) in the Pune district (Joglekar 1992). However, they are not presently distributed in the Pune district but are found in the adjacent districts such

73

15 --------------------------00

16 -------------------------00

Fig. 4.2. Map showing past and present distribution of Gazella bennetti in Maharashtra.

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Walki, 2. Inamgaon.

Tetracerus quadricornis (four-horned antelope) Four-horned antelope shelters in tall grass and open jungle and is distributed in Peninsular India. This animal is not found in too densely forested area. Four-horned antelope is characterized by two pairs of horns and the presence of a pair of well developed glands between the false hooves of the hind legs in both males and females (Prater 1965). The bones of this animal are identified (Pl. VIII A) from all the layers, except layers 9, 10, 13 and 14. The distribution of bones is very scanty. Only 11 bone fragments are identified from Malwa, 7 from the Early Jorwe and 30 from the Late Jorwe phase. Fragments of horn core, cranium, scapula, humerus, radius, metacarpal, pelvis, femur, tibia, metatarsal, astragalus, calcaneum, first and second phalanges and isolated upper and lower jaw teeth are found in the collection (Table 4.47). Plate VIII A. Tetracerus quadricornis: Horn cores.

74

Table 4.47. Bone distribution of Tetracerus quadricornis in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 -01 ---------01 --------------02

02 02 01 -01 02 -------02 -02 ---01 -------11

03 04 ---01 01 -02 --01 ---01 02 01 --01 ------14

04 ---01 -----------01 ----------02

05 ------------01 -------------01

06 ----01 ------------------01 --02

07 ------------------------01 -01

From Layer 16, only one bone fragment is recovered from house number 87. The number of individuals are 6 (1.00 %), 4 (1.34 %) and 5 (1.94 %) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.19-4.31). The maximum consumption of meat is noticed in layer 15, (37.50 kg) (Table 4.32). A gradual decline in the representation of this animal is found towards the end of the cultural phase.

08 -----------01 01 -------------02

09 --------------------------00

10 --------------------------00

11 01 --------------01 ----------02

12 ------------01 -02 -----------03

13 --------------------------00

14 -------------------------00

districts of Dhule, Nasik, Thane, Pune, Raigadh, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Sindhudurga, Amravati, Bhandara, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli (Fig. 4.3).

Four-horned antelopes are also reported from Nasik (George 1955), Nevasa (Clason 1979) and Daimabad (Badam 1986) in the Ahmadnagar district, Kaothe in the Dhule district (Thomas and Joglekar 1990), Walki in the Pune district (Joglekar 1992) and Tuljapur Garhi in the Amravati district (Thomas 1992)(Table 4.31). In Pune, the present day distribution is reported towards the north of this district and is absent in Ahmadnagar district. The distribution in Dhule and Amravati districts is found near the location of the Chalcolithic sites. At present in Maharashtra, this species is reported from the

75

15 -----01 -01 --01 ----02 -------02 --07

16 ---01 ---------------------01

Fig. 4.3. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Tetracerus quadricornis in Maharashtra

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Kaothe, 2. Daimabad, 3. Nevasa, 4. Walki, 5. Inamgaon and 6. Tuljapur Garhi

of individuals is in the Late Jorwe phase 257 (42.67 %), Early Jorwe phase 40 (13.38 %) and in the Malwa phase 38 (14.78 %) (Table 4.19 4.31). The maximum amount of meat of this animal is consumed in layer 2 i.e. 1335 kg. The amount of meat of this animal consumed by the inhabitants varies in three phases – in Late Jorwe phase 3840 kg, Early Jorwe phase 600 kg and 1170 kg in the Malwa phase. Numerous cut marks and charring marks are observed on the skeletal remains. Some skulls are found with cut marks on the occipital region suggesting the removal and consumption of brain of this animal. Some of these skulls are also found with charring (Pl IX A). Cut marks are also found on the mandible, near the angle of ascending ramus (Pl. IX B), on the long bones near the proximal and distal ends (Pl. X A), scapula near the glenoid cavity, pelvis near the acetabulum, ilium and ischium. The metacarpals and the metatarsals also had cut marks near the proximal and distal parts (Pl. X B). Bones of this animal were also used for

Antilope cervicapra (blackbuck) Blackbuck is usually found in the plains and avoids forest and hilly tracts. They feed on grass and various cereal crops (Prater 1965). This is the most predominant animal in the Late Jorwe phase and the second most important animal in the Early Jorwe and Malwa phases. Both appendicular and axial skeletal parts are identified from all the 16 layers (Table 4.48). A majority of bone fragments constitute phalanges (Pl. VIII B) and vertebrae. From the Late Jorwe phase 6331 (41.64 %), the Early Jorwe 307 (4.39 %) and the Malwa phase 230 (6.34 %) bone fragments are identified (Table 4.1-4.17). The total bone fragments of blackbucks are recovered at Inamgaon account for 26.60 % in the faunal assemblage. In layer 1, about 52 % bone fragments belong to this animal (Table 4.1-4.17). Bones are also identified from the house floors. The Minimum Number of Individuals is worked out for different layers and houses. The number

76

Plate X A. Antilope cervicapra: Proximal epiphyses of 1. Humerus, 2. Radius, 3. Femur, 4. Tibia and Distal epiphyses of 5. Humerus, 6. Radius, 7. Femur, 8. Tibia.

making tools. Blackbuck was predominant in the Late Jorwe phase and was the second important animals in the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases. Plate VIII B. Antilope cervicapra: 1st row- First phalanges, 2nd row- Second phalanges and 3rd rowThird phalanges

Plate X B. Antilope cervicapra: 1&2. Proximal and distal ends of Metatarsal, 3&4. Proximal and distal ends of Metacarpal, 5&6. Astragalus, 7&8. Calcaneum, 9&10. Centrotarsal.

Plate IX A. Antilope cervicapra: Skull fragments with cut marks and charring marks.

Plate IX B. Antilope cervicapra: Mandibles

Blackbucks are identified from a large number of Chalcolithic sites of Maharashtra except Nasik (George 1955), Tuljapur Garhi (Thomas 1992a) and Apegaon (Table 4.33). At Apegaon, the presence of this species is doubtful (Badam 1979). The present distribution of this animal shows locales almost closer to the archaeological sites except at Dhule and Nagpur districts (Fig.4.4).

77

Fig. 4.4. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Antilope cervicapra in Maharashtra.

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Kaothe, 2. Daimabad, 3. Nevasa, 4.Apegaon, 5. Walki, 6. Inamgaon and 7. Adam.

Table 4.48. Bone distribution of Antilope cervicapra in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2

01 33 45 77 25 56 40 13 94 04 37 37 27 30 -81 40 61 11 113 25

02 65 53 138 61 102 75 18 225 14 95 117 66 113 -193 95 170 21 316 93

03 48 54 83 45 59 54 15 126 19 126 100 36 63 05 158 79 129 37 235 93

04 24 17 37 22 36 37 06 52 08 85 51 17 40 05 105 60 76 26 129 64

05 01 -03 02 03 01 01 10 -06 02 03 04 -08 04 10 01 08 05

06 01 -04 03 02 01 04 11 01 03 03 02 07 01 03 08 11 03 07 02

07 -01 03 02 03 -01 01 -03 01 03 02 01 05 02 05 02 03 04

78

08 01 01 03 02 04 02 03 03 02 02 01 05 03 01 07 08 09 02 03 --

09 ---01 -02 01 01 --03 ---01 01 01 -03 --

10 -----------01 --01 ----01

11 07 -02 04 01 01 01 03 -02 02 -01 -04 05 03 -08 01

12 02 01 03 03 03 02 03 04 -02 03 01 02 01 04 08 11 04 09 05

13 --02 -02 01 ---02 02 -02 -05 02 10 02 06 02

14 01 01 01 02 02 --02 01 -01 04 02 -01 03 02 -02 02

15 02 01 03 02 01 04 01 --01 02 02 03 01 03 04 09 -03 01

16 --01 01 -01 -03 --01 01 01 --01 02 -01 --

H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

11 116 -28 21 --

36 221 03 44 43 --

33 152 05 19 46 01

31 78 03 06 19 --

1425

2377

1820

1034

-02 --03 -75

04 03 --06 -91

01 07 01 -04 01 56

-14 -02 04 -82

-01 -03 --18

-01 ----04

03 01 -02 05 -56

02 02 -04 08 -87

02 02 -04 --43

---01 01 -29

--03 04 03 01 54

-01 -03 --17

in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.1- 4.17). The distribution of bone fragments in different layers is given in Table 4.49. Among these fragments of vertebrae constitute the maximum.

Some very fragmentary bones of small sized ruminants which could not identified to species are included in one group called small ruminants. A majority of these fragments may belong to blackbucks. The Number of Identified Specimens are 917 (6.03 %), 455 (6.51 %) and 322 (8.87 %)

Table 4.49. Bone distribution of Small Ruminants in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 -06 05 04 13 05 01 --08 06 07 05 -02 ---02 --34 02 ---100

02 -12 13 11 18 11 01 04 -12 18 28 06 -02 -01 -06 01 -72 11 02 01 03 234

03 -08 10 04 08 06 -01 -04 12 10 07 -01 -04 ----71 19 -01 04 164

04 -02 06 06 06 02 02 01 03 01 09 06 04 01 -01 03 ----37 14 03 01 01 109

05 -08 02 -01 01 ----05 03 -----01 ---19 04 --01 45

06 -04 02 01 01 -01 ---06 04 ---------17 09 ---44

07 -04 01 02 --01 --01 01 01 ---------10 04 -04 01 30

08 -02 07 05 04 01 01 --01 04 05 05 --------11 01 -02 02 51

09 02 09 03 03 05 06 -01 -02 05 04 05 --------29 03 -02 04 83

10 -01 04 03 02 02 01 --01 02 01 02 ---01 ----07 02 --01 30

11 --03 -04 03 -01 02 01 03 05 02 --01 -----21 18 03 01 01 69

12 -06 09 04 06 04 04 02 01 06 05 03 07 -02 -02 ----33 05 05 03 01 108

13 -02 05 01 05 01 ---02 03 05 02 01 01 01 05 -01 --11 24 01 03 01 75

14 -03 01 -02 ----02 01 ----02 -----05 -02 --18

The remains of this animal are represented in all the layers (Pl. XI A & B). However, maximum bone fragments are found in the Late Jorwe phase. Compared to the Late Jorwe (303, 1.99 %) and the Malwa (79, 2.18 %) phases, the number of bone fragments is very less in the Early Jorwe phase (29, 0.42 %) (Table 4.1-4.17). Except horn core, skull, scapula, patella and rib fragments, all the other skeletal remains are identified.

Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) The present day distribution shows the occurrence of nilgai in the Indian Peninsula. Generally nilgai is found on the hills with sparse vegetation or undulating plains covered with grass and patches of scrub (Prater 1965).

79

15 -09 02 -03 01 02 02 -01 -02 02 --------09 ---02 35

16 --01 01 01 -----02 -01 ---------01 ---07

Plate XI B. Boselaphus tragocamelus: 1. Calcaneum, 2. Astragalus, 3. Centrotarsal, 4. First phalanx, 5. Second phalanx and 6. Third phalanx.

However, the non-meat-bearing parts were much more than the meat-bearing (Table 4.50). The Minimum Number of Individuals are 38 (6.33 %) in the Late Jorwe phase, 11 (3.68 %) in the Early Jorwe phase and 14 (5.45 %) in the Malwa phase (Tables 4.19-4.31). Plate XI A. Boselaphus tragocamelus: 1st rowMetacarpals, 2nd row- Metatarsals.

The skeletal remains are also recovered from the floors of structures. The maximum amount of meat consumed of this animal in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases are 3800 kg, 1100 kg and 1400 kg, respectively (Table 4.32).

Table 4.50. Bone distribution of Boselaphus tragocamelus in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI

01 -------01 --01 01 02 -03 01 --10 08 04 02 --

02 ----01 -03 02 ---01 02 -06 07 03 04 25 13 12 01 --

03 ----01 01 -02 01 02 03 -01 -03 12 04 02 21 31 12 ---

04 -----01 01 01 07 01 ----01 08 05 01 27 12 14 ---

05 -----01 ---02 --------04 02 ----

06 --------------------02 ---

07 ------------------02 -----

80

08 ---------02 02 ---01 01 --06 01 -01 --

09 ------02 --------02 --01 -----

10 -----------------01 ------

11 ---------------01 -01 01 01 ----

12 -----01 01 ----------01 01 03 ----

13 ------01 --01 ----01 01 01 -0 02 ----

14 --01 ------01 ----03 03 01 -05 09 ----

15 -----01 02 -01 01 --01 -03 02 03 01 10 06 05 ---

16 ---------------02 --01 01 01 ---

UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

-01 -34

01 01 -82

01 01 -98

--01 80

---09

01 --03

---02

---14

---05

---01

---04

---07

---08

---23

Dhule district is reported from extreme north of this region. Presently this species is distributed in districts Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Nagpur, Wardha, Yavatmal, Jalgaon and Dhule in Maharashtra (Fig. 4.5).

Nilgai is reported from the Chalcolithic sites in the districts of western Maharashtra like Pune, Ahmadnagar, Nasik, Dhule and also Nagpur of eastern Maharashtra. The present distribution shows the absence of nilgai in all these districts except Dhule and Nagpur. The occurrence in

Fig. 4.5. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Boselaphus tragocamelus in Maharashtra.

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Kaothe, 2. Nasik, 3. Daimabad, 4. Nevasa, 5. Apegaon, 6. Walki, 7. Inamgaon and 8. Adam.

chisels and punches. The maximum bone representation is found in the Late Jorwe phase. The number of identified fragments in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases are 38 (0.26 %), 20 ( 0.26 %) and 11 (0.30), respectively (Table 4.1-4.17). Bone fragments are also recovered from the houses. The minimum number of individuals are 11 (1.83 %), 6 (2.01 %) and 6 (2.33 %) from the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.19-4.31). The meat weight shows the maximum

Axis axis (chital) The habitat of this animal is in the forest with good grazing and a plentiful supply of water. Chital are distributed through out the peninsular India (Prater 1965). At Inamgaon this animal is identified sparsely from all the layers (Table 4.51). The remains of both the appendicular and the axial skeletons were recovered (Pl. XII A & B). Some of the bones were also used for making tools, especially the antlers for picks, points,

81

---36

---05

amount of consumption in the Late Jorwe phase i.e. 375 kg and in the earlier two phases it is 225 kg each (Table 4.32). However, a gradual decline in the representation is noticed towards the upper layers.

Plate XII B. Axis axis: Antlers

Plate XII A. Axis axis: 1&2. First phalanges, 3&4. Second phalanges, 5. Centrotarsal, 6. Astragalus and 7. Tibia distal.

Table 4.51. Bone distribution of Axis axis in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 ----01 -------01 --------01 -04 --07

02 01 ------02 --------01 -01 02 -01 ----08

03 02 ---01 01 -----01 -----02 03 -------10

04 05 -01 ------------01 02 -01 02 -01 ----13

05 --------------------------00

06 ------------01 -01 -----------02

07 07 -------------------------07

82

08 01 01 ---------------------01 --03

09 -----01 -----01 ---------01 ----03

10 --------------------------00

11 02 ----01 -----01 ---01 ----------05

12 -----01 --------01 --------01 --03

13 ----------------01 ---------01

14 ----01 ----------02 --------01 -04

15 01 ---------------01 ---------02

16 ---------------01 ----------01

eastern districts of the state such as Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Bhandara, Nagpur, Akola and Amravati (Fig. 4.6).

This animal is distributed from all the Chalcolithic sites of western Maharashtra (Table 4.33). At present chital is distributed in the north-

Fig. 4.6. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Axis axis in Maharashtra.

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Kaothe, 2. Nasik, 3. Nevasa, 4. Apegaon, 5. Walki, 6. Inamgaon, 7. Adam and 8. Tuljapur Garhi.

Axis porcinus (hog deer) Cervus unicolor (sambar) Hog deer generally live in grass jungles by the river banks. This animal occurs in north India, from Sind Punjab to Assam. It is absent in the Indian Peninsula (Prater 1965).

Sambar is the biggest in Indian deer. The height of this animal at shoulder is approximately over 1.5 m. This animal is distributed in the wooded districts of India. Their food mainly consists of grass, leaves and various kinds of fruits. Sambar sheds its antler between the end of March and the mid April (Prater 1965).

The archaeological evidence of this animal is very poor. This animal was identified from Kaothe (Thomas and Joglekar 1990) and Walki (Joglekar 1992; Thomas and Joglekar 1995) (Table 4.33). The number of bone fragments in the assemblage is very less. From Kaothe only a fragment of radius, From Walki three bone fragments and from Inamgaon only one second phalanx is identified. These are the only evidence for the representation of this animal in the Chalcolithic culture of Maharashtra.

At Inamgaon this animal is not identified from all the layers. The skeletal remains of this animal are absent in layers 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Compared to the Late Jorwe phase, bones are distributed very sporadically in the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases (Table 4.52) (Pl. XIII A). The Number of Identified Specimens are 30 (0.20 %),

83

3 (0.04 %) and 4 (0.11 %) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.1-4.17). The Minimum Number of Individuals are calculated for different layers and phases which are as follows: in the Late Jorwe phase 5 (0.83 %), Early Jorwe phase 2 (0.67 %) and in the Malwa phase 4 (1.56 %) (Table 4.194.31). The inhabitants at Inamgaon have consumed the meat of this animal which is 625 kg in the Late Jorwe, 250 kg in Early Jorwe and 500 kg in the Malwa phases (Table 4.32). Plate XIII A. Cervus unicolor: 1. Calcaneum, 2&3. Astragalus, 4. Third phalanx and 5. Second phalanx.

Table 4.52. Bone distribution of Cervus unicolor in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

01 01 -01 --01 01 ------01 -----01 01 -----07

02 ---------02 ----01 01 ----01 -----05

03 03 ---01 -01 ----01 01 -------01 ---01 -09

04 08 -------------------01 -----09

05 --------------------------00

06 --------------------------00

07 --------------01 ---01 -------02

This animal is reported from almost all the Chalcolithic sites of western Maharashtra, but at present sambar is totally absent in this region. However, they are found in some parts of the

08 ----01 ---------------------01

09 --------------------------00

10 --------------------------00

11 --------------------------00

12 --------------------------00

13 -----------------01 --------01

14 -------------01 ------------01

eastern, northern and southern Maharashtra (Fig. 4.7).

84

15 -----01 --------------------01

16 --------------------01 -----01

Fig. 4.7. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Cervus unicolor in Maharashtra

○ Past distribution

● Present distribution

1. Kaothe, 2. Nasik, 3. Daimabad, 4. Nevasa, 5. Walki, 6. Inamgaon and 7. Adam.

outskirts of forests. They are diurnal in habit (Prater 1965).

Muntiacus muntjak (barking deer) This animal is usually found in the thickly wooded hills and come out to graze in the

Table 4.53. Bone distribution of Muntiacus muntjak in different layers at Inamgaon Bones HC/AN CF MN SC HU RA UL MC C/T MP PV FE TI

01 --------------

02 --------------

03 --------------

04 --------------

05 --------------

06 --------------

07 --------------

85

08 -------01 ------

09 --------------

10 --------------

11 --------------

12 --------------

13 --------------

14 --------------

15 --01 ---01 ---01 -01

16 --------------

PA MT AS CA CT H1 H2 H3 VB RI UJT LJT OTHERS TOTAL

-01 -----------01

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------01

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

-------------00

----------01 --05

-------------00

Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.19-4.31, 4.33). The remains of this animal are also identified from Walki in the Pune district (Joglekar 1992; Thomas and Joglekar 1995). The present distribution of this animal in Maharashtra has shown in the map (Fig.4.8).

At Inamgaon, very few bones of this animal are found (Table 4.1-4.17). Only seven bones are recovered at Inamgaon from layers 1, 8 and 15 Table 4.53). The fragments of mandible, ulna, metacarpal, pelvis, tibia, metatarsal and upper jaw teeth are identified. The Minimum Number of Individuals are 1, 1 and 2 in the Late Jorwe,

Fig. 4.8. Map Showing Past and Present Distribution of Muntiacus muntjak in Maharashtra.

○ Past distribution

-------------00

● Present distribution

1. Walki and 2. Inamgaon.

86

Plate XIV A. Lepus nigricollis: 1. Pelvis, 2. Humerus distal, 3. Femur proximal, 4&5. Humerus distal and 6. Femur head.

Hystrix indica (porcupine) Only two fragments of femur, the proximal and the distal ends (Pl. XIII B) are found in layer 15 (Table 4.15). This animal is reported from Nevasa (Clason 1979) and from Kaothe by one molar tooth (Thomas and Joglekar 1990). Porcupine is generally found in rocky and hill sides and inhabits in both open as well as forest (Prater 1965). Plate XIII B. Hystrix indica: Proximal and Distal ends of Femur

Herpestes edwardsi (mongoose) Mongoose is also widely distributed in India. This has been very sparsely identified from all the cultural phases. A few charred scapulae and mandibles are found (Pl. XIV B). The number of identified specimens are 6 (0.04 %), 1 (0.01 %) and 1 (0.03 %), in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, respectively (Table 4.14.17, 4.33). The skeletal remains of this animal are also reported from Apegaon (Badam 1979) and Tuljapur garhi (Thomas 1992).

Lepus nigricollis (hare) In India this animal is widely distributed. The concentration of the skeletal remains was less. Bone fragments of this animal are identified from the Late Jorwe and the Malwa phases (Pl. XIV A). The number of identified fragments are 6 (0.04 %) and 1 (0.03 %), in the Late Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively. Hare was also reported from Nevasa (Clason 1079), Kaothe (Thomas and Joglekar 1990) and Walki (Joglekar 1992; Thomas and Joglekar 1995).

Plate XIV B. Herpestes edwardsi: 1-4. Mandibles, 5. Femur and 6. Scapula.

87

the layers except in layers 6, 9, 11 and 13. The three species of turtle identified are Trionyx gangeticus, Chitra indica and Kachuga sp. Fragments of carapace, humerus, scapula, pelvis and a few vertebrae are found in the collection. Charring marks are found on some of these bones. A majority of the bones are found in the Late Jorwe phase compared to the other two cultural phases – the Early Jorwe and Malwa. The bone fragments of crocodile, snake and varanus are found only in the Late Jorwe phase. The lower jaw and vertebral fragments are the only evidence of crocodile at the site. A few vertebrae of varanus are also identified.

Rattus rattus (rat) Rat bones are found in all the cultural phases. Bones are generally found complete. There is no trace of human activity on these bones. In the cultural deposit at Inamgaon, many rat holes were found while the site was being excavated. It shows that they were definitely later intrusion in the cultural deposit. Birds At Inamgaon four species of birds are identified. They are Gallus gallus, Gallus domesticus, Anser indicus and Pavo cristatus (Pl. XV A). Bird bones are mainly recovered from the Late Jorwe phase and only one fragment from the Early Jorwe phase. A few charred bone fragments are also found. A majority of the collection comprises the bones of Gallus species. Fragments of long bones, metapodials and phalanges are identified. The bone fragments which could not be identified specifically were put together in a general group called Bird sp. The Number of identified Specimens are 23 (0.15 %) and 1 (0.01 %) in Late Jorwe and Early Jorwe phases. Bird bones are absent in the Malwa phase (Table 4.14.17).

Plate XV B. Reptiles: 1st row- mandibles of snake, 2nd row- mandible of crocodile and 3rd row- vertebrae of crocodile

Plate XV A. Pavo cristatus: Long bones.

. Plate XVI A. Turtle/Tortoise: 1. Pelvis, 2. Femur, 3. Humerus, 4&5 Vertebrae, 6. Femur and 7. Phalanx.

Reptiles Six species of reptiles are identified which include turtle, crocodile, varanus and snake. Snake bones could not be identified to the species level. Two lower jaw fragments of snake, where one is charred (Pl. XV B) are identified in the Late Jorwe phase. The turtle bone and carapace fragments (Pl. XVI A & B) are collected from all

88

and fresh water (Pl. XVIII B & XIX) shells. Charred shells are also noticed in the collection. Some shells with thick rolled edges indicate that people might have used them for scraping. Shell bangles and shell beads are collected. Shells are also found with perforations which might have been used as pendants. The number of identified shells are 520 (3.42%) and 43(1.18%) in the Late Jorwe, Early Jorwe and Malwa phases, respectively.

Plate XVI B. Carapace: 1, 2 &5. Trionyx gangeticus, 3&4. Kachuga sp. and 6. Chitra indica

Plate XVII B. Marine Shells: 1, 4-6, Meretrix sp., 2. Paphia sp., 3. Marcia recens.

Fish Fish bones are recovered from the Late and Early Jorwe phases (Pl. XVII A). The species identified from the collection include Labeo rohita, Wallago wallago, Ritha ritha and cat fish. Only jaws and vertebrae are found in the collection. Some vertebrae have perforation in the centre of the disc. These perforated vertebral discs might have been used as pendants. One of them may belong to the Shark family. The availability of marine fish throws light on the trade contacts of the Chalcolithic population at Inamgaon. The number of identified fragments are 37 (0.24%) and 3 (0.04%) in the Late Jorwe and Early Jorwe phases, respectively.

Plate XVIII A. Marine Shells: 1&2. Turbo coronatus, 3&5. Turbinella pyrum, 4. Turritella sp.

Plate XVII A. Fish bones.

Molluscs Lamellidens marginalis, Parreyssia corrugate, Turbo, coronatus, Digoniostoma pulchella, Viviparus bengalensis, Turbinella pyrum, Paphia gallus, Meretrix sp., Marcia, recene, Pila globosa, Turritella sp., Melania striatella tuberculata, etc. are the molluscan species identified in different layers at Inamgaon. This constitutes both marine (Pl. XVII B & XVIII A)

89

Plate XVIII B. Fresh water bivalves: 1st and 2nd rowParreyssia corrugate, 3rd row- Lamellidens marginalis.

Chalcolithic cultures of Deccan is evident from the late Harappan phase at Daimabad in the Tapi valley (Sali 1986; Dhavalikar 1988 b; Thomas 1988). Crustaceans Only four mobile and immobile finger of crab are found in the Late Jorwe and the Malwa phases. In the Early Jorwe phase the remains are absent.

Plate XIX. Fresh water gastropods: 1-3 & 5. Viviparus bengalensis, 6. Melania striatella tuberculata, 4. Fresh water bivalve Parreyssia corrugata

The presence of marine shell and fish at Inamgaon throws light on the trading contacts of the Chalcolithic people to outsiders. Especially the Chank shell was used for making bangles, pendants, etc. This species of marine shell is available only on the coast of Saurashtra, Tamil Nadu and Bay of Bengal. The nearest sea coast to Inamgaon is Konkan coast which is at least 200 km. to the west. The Chank shell is not available on this coast. Considering the distance to Tamil Nadu coast and the Bay of Bengal, it is possible that the Saurashtra coast could have been the source for the procurement of Chank shell. Shell industry is reported from a majority of the Harappan sites of Saurashtra. The cultural affinity between the late Harappan of Gujarat and the

90

Further Investigation into Human Behaviour levels of identification. NISP Level I, includes the bone fragments which could be identified to the species and genus; NISP Level II includes the bones which could not identified even to the generic levels but can be broadly classified to large bovid, small ruminants, etc. and Level III comprises all the unidentified bones without diagnostic characters. This classification has been done to determine the degree of fragmentation of bones in different stratigraphical units. The bone fragments from all the 16 layers are classified accordingly in table 5:1 and also their weight is given in table 5.2. The percentage of unidentified fragments is more in the layers of Early Jorwe phase, i.e. in layers 6-11.

I. Degree of fragmentation a. Level of identification The faunal assemblage from Inamgaon have been analysed using some improved methods in Archaeozoology. Of the 66, 847 bone fragments 25,928 were identified, whereas 40,919 fragments could not be identified. Thus, only 38.79% bone fragments were identifiable when the bones were counted but the weight of which accounted for 69.12%. Each and every bone could not be identified to the species level as some of them were very fragmentary, without any qualitative markers. Thus, in this dissertation the bones were classified into three Table 5.1. Level of Identification: Fragment count Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

NISP I 1600 4118 3471 2136 402 655 728 2173 672 213 734 1153 368 649 561 170 19803

% 54.13 45.40 46.89 33.86 21.02 19.78 19.28 34.94 10.46 04.39 19.64 17.47 38.61 41.36 37.15 74.89 100

NISP II 374 1316 942 791 81 183 150 493 426 379 246 302 148 67 183 24 6125

% 12.65 14.51 17.73 12.54 04.23 05.52 03.97 07.92 06.63 07.82 06.58 04.58 15.53 04.27 12.12 10.57 100

UF 982 3637 2989 3381 1430 2474 2899 3554 5325 4257 2758 5144 437 853 766 33 40919

% 33.22 40.09 40.38 53.60 74.75 74.75 76.75 57.14 82.91 87.79 73.78 77.95 45.86 54.37 50.73 14.54 100

Total 2956 071 7402 6308 1913 3312 3777 6220 6423 4849 3738 6599 953 1569 1510 227 66847

Table 5.2. Level of Identification: Weight of fragments in grams Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

NISP I Wt. ( gms) 20265 39624 42689 22667 5312 8414 9497 33850 10066 2201 9801 15568 4865 10207 8533 3010 246569

% 68.36 59.67 68.15 60.54 51.67 50.27 49.82 70.89 40.94 17.70 49.72 51.95 63.54 71.94 59.26 83.36 100

NISP II Wt. (gms) 3833 9829 7129 4866 649 1186 1010 2868 1820 1215 1511 1379 1042 591 2126 271 41325

% 12.93 14.80 11.38 12.99 06.31 07.09 05.30 06.01 07.40 09.77 07.67 04.60 13.61 14.17 14.76 07.50 100

91

UF Wt. (gms) 5545 16949 12820 9910 4320 7137 8555 11030 12700 9020 8399 13020 1750 3390 3740 330 128615

% 18.71 25.53 20.46 26.47 42.02 42.64 44.88 23.10 51.66 72.53 42.61 43.44 22.85 23.89 25.98 09.14 100

Total Wt. (gms) 29643 66402 62638 37443 10281 10281 19062 47748 24586 12436 19711 29967 7657 14188 14399 3611 416509

The Level of Identification and the weight of bone fragments reveal high degree of bone fragmentation in the Early Jorwe phase (Fig. 5.1 & 5.2). The number of unidentified fragments is very high in layers 4-12. However, the peaks are noticed in layers 9 and 12, but the weight of

these unidentified fragments is very less. The fragmentation of bones depends on many factors like taphonomy, the pattern of butchery, carcass utilization, cooking, the secondary uses of bones, excavations, transport, etc.

Fig. 5.1. Level of Identification of bones at Inamgaon: Fragment count

Fig. 5.2. Level of Identification of bones at Inamgaon: Fragment Weight

b. Identified fragments

versus

unidentified

(Fig.5.3). The maximum number of unidentified fragments is noticed in layer 9. A similar pattern has also been seen in layer 12 of the Malwa phase. The peaks of the number of identified fragments are seen in layer 2 of the Late Jorwe, layer 8 of Early Jorwe and in layer 15 of the Malwa phases.

bone

The ratio between the number of identified specimens and the unidentified fragments, in different layers also reveals high degree of fragmentation of bones in the Early Jorwe phase

92

Fig. 5.3. Identified (NISP) versus Unidentified (UF) bone fragments

%. In the layers of Late Jorwe phase (1-5), the index is higher than the earlier two phases, the Early Jorwe and the Malwa (Fig. 5.4).

c. Measurability index (MSI) Measurability index is the percentage of the total measurable bone fragments in NISP level I, which includes the complete and partially complete bones. This index has been calculated for different layers (Table 5.3). The result of the Measurability Index also supports the point of high degree of fragmentation of bones in the Early Jorwe phase. The highest percentage of measurable bones is found in layer 16, i.e. 74.18

Though, the Measurability Index is high in the Late Jorwe phase it does not mean that there was less human activity on the bones. A large number of bone fragments with cut marks, charring and butchering marks are found in the Late Jorwe phase (Table 5.4).

Fig. 5.4. Measurability Index of bones at Inamgaon.

Table 5.3. Measurability Index of Bones at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06

Total Measurable Bone 815 2218 1714 948 125 183

NISP I 1600 4118 3471 2136 402 655

MSI % 53.19 53.86 49.38 44.38 31.09 27.94

93

07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

162 592 156 51 221 360 131 246 217 126

728 2173 672 213 734 1153 368 649 561 170

22.35 27.24 23.21 23.94 30.10 31.22 35.59 37.90 38.68 74.18

Table 5.4. Layer-wise distribution of bones with human activity at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

A 30 210 235 90 25 68 93 123 38 36 82 110 64 47 41 14

B 165 370 189 222 09 22 50 202 64 03 26 61 21 62 39 05

C 02 01 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00 00 00

D 08 40 46 34 03 09 19 27 05 05 18 32 14 14 12 04

E 07 170 200 193 184 361 589 208 352 352 426 709 46 155 58 02

A : Charred bone fragments B : Bone fragments with cut marks C : Butchering marks D : Charred bone fragments with cut marks E : Charred unidentified fragments

the exploitation of domestic animals. In the Late Jorwe phase the hunting of wild animals increased gradually till layer 2. Hunting has played a vital role in the subsistence system of the Late Jorwe people. The other associated archaeological evidence of the phase shows high mortality rates of the populations, change in the settlement structures from rectangular to circular, decline in farming activity and plant remains and other cultural materials, etc. This overall change in many cultural aspects probably can be attributed to the local environmental degradation. This region falls in the semi-arid zone where the average rainfall is 400-1000 mm. The vegetation of this area is of dry deciduous type. After every 2-3 years the region experiences drought and famine. Risk and uncertainty in the subsistence system play an important role in making decisions by human about new subsistence strategies. To cope up with the situation, the Late Jorwe people might have hunted wild animals to substantiate their food economy.

II. Exploitation of domestic and wild animals The taxonomic abundance of domestic and wild animals calculated from both the NISP and MNI reveals almost the same results. Thus, it can be assumed that there is some relationship between these two quantitative methods (Fig.5.5 & 5.6). Both the graphs show three peaks for the domestic and wild animals in layers 12, 8 and 4. It is interesting to note that in the food economy the over dependence on animals is evidenced after an interval of every three layers. In the Late Jorwe phase, there is a remarkable change in the composition of animals which is unique. The exploitation of wild animals increased in this phase. In the Malwa and the Early Jorwe phases the proportion of domestic and wild animals exploited is 80.11%:19.89% and 87.28%:12.72%, respectively. Whereas, in the Late Jorwe phase; the percentage of the wild animals is 54.12 % (Table 5.5). Hunting of wild animals is seen from the beginning of the settlement. However, the people of the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases gave more emphasis on

94

Fig. 5.5. NISP of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.6. MNI of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

Table 5.5 Proportion of domestic and wild animals in the three cultural phases at Inamgaon Species Domestic Wild Total

Late Jorwe Phase 6737 7946 14623

%

Early Jorwe Phase

%

Malwa Phase

%

Total

%

45.88 54.12 100

6015 877 6892

87.28 12.72 100

2873 713 3586

80.11 19.89 100

15625 9536 25161

62.10 38.90 100

standardize the results of faunal studies at one level with an assumption that the distribution of faunal remains in the site for the excavated and the unexcavated area is uniform. The results of the Number of Identified Specimens, Minimum Number of Individuals and the Meat Weight for mammalian species in the faunal assemblage are standardized (Pawankar and Thomas 1997) (Table 5.6-5.8). The graphs of the projected NISP and the MNI for the domestic and the wild animals show four peaks in

II. Standardization of faunal assemblage At Inamgaon, the excavators concentrated more on the Late Jorwe phase than the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases and excavated more area of this cultural phase. The volume of the excavated soil from the Late Jorwe phase is 28195 m³, the Early Jorwe 1611 m³ and the Malwa 977.625 m³.Thus naturally the faunal remains were more from the Late Jorwe phase. An attempt has been made to

95

layers 14, 12, 8 and 4 (Fig. 5.7 &5.8). The two peaks in the Malwa phase in layers 14 and 12 reveal maximum exploitation of domestic animals. The layer 12 peak point is the highest amongst the four peaks of the three cultural phases. The increase and decrease in the exploitation of domestic and wild animals in different layers is similar both in the actual Number of Identified Specimens and the Minimum Number of Individuals. The results of the

actual and the projected Number of Identified Specimens and the Minimum Number of Individuals have revealed a definite increase in the exploitation of wild animals in the Late Jorwe phase. To illustrate the difference between the actual and the projected Number of Identified Specimens a few species of animals such as cattle, sheep/goat, pig, dog, antelope, deer, wolf and jackal are selected (Fig. 5.9-5.15).

Fig. 5.7. Projected NISP of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.8. Projected MNI of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

96

Fig. 5.9. Actual and Projected NISP of Cattle at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.10. Actual and Projected NISP of Sheep and Goat at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.11. Actual and Projected NISP of Pig at Inamgaon.

97

Fig. 5.12. Actual and Projected NISP of Dog at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.13. Actual and Projected NISP of Antelope at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.14. Actual and Projected NISP of Deer at Inamgaon.

98

Fig. 5.15. Actual and Projected NISP of Wolf and Jackal at Inamgaon.

compared to other two phases, but it is not less than the meat weight of wild animals since the hunted animal was smaller in size. It shows that the people of Late Jorwe phase hunted more wild animals to substantiate the food economy. The result of meat weight of the domestic and the wild animals is also standardized (Fig. 5.17; Table 5.8).

The graph of meat weight of the domestic and wild animals reveals that the maximum amount of meat of domestic animals was consumed in all the three cultural phases (Fig. 5.16). Layer 8 of the Early Jorwe phase shows maximum consumption of meat of domestic animals. In Late Jorwe phase the percentage of meat of domestic animal is decreased

Fig. 5.16. Meat Weight of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

99

Fig. 5.17. Projected Meat Weight of Domestic and Wild Animals at Inamgaon.

Table 5.6. Projected Number of Identified Specimens in all the layers at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Canis aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus scrofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Axis porcinus Axis sp. Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Herpestus edwardsi Lepus nigricollis

01 334 22 138 13 01 16 -13 04 --04 --03 --05 -1332 13 03 44 09 01 -09 01 01 ---

02 777 37 351 25 09 26 20 33 04 01 -11 04 04 05 02 01 08 -2377 10 11 82 08 -01 05 -03 01 01

03 2007 117 573 34 04 47 15 40 09 --13 04 04 04 --08 02 3864 13 30 208 21 --19 -04 11 08

04 1308 45 862 05 -53 13 35 02 ---------01 2600 07 05 201 33 --23 ---02

05 489 06 396 -02 22 -16 ---03 -------240 -03 29 -----03 ---

06 549 16 811 05 03 29 05 11 03 --05 -03 03 --05 -244 -05 08 ---------

07 1108 39 708 06 03 03 -09 -----03 03 ---03 169 -03 06 21 --06 -----

100

08 3295 204 3289 24 03 72 17 41 03 --03 07 ----17 -283 17 07 48 10 --03 03 ----

09 1309 50 1192 12 -54 04 29 ---04 -04 -----75 --21 12 --------

10 387 30 373 04 -126 -04 -----------17 --04 ---------

11 1033 59 1688 31 18 118 09 05 -------09 ---255 -09 18 23 -----05 --

12 2724 18 3600 20 13 157 39 33 -------20 ---568 07 20 46 20 ------07

13 396 07 568 10 -52 03 03 -----03 ---03 -148 07 -28 03 --03 -----

14 1779 52 1747 26 -34 32 32 --06 13 ------06 187 06 -148 26 --06 -----

15 815 51 1010 09 04 51 25 23 -----------250 -32 167 09 --05 23 ----

16 350 10 283 -05 -05 10 ---14 -05 -----82 -05 24 05 --05 -----

Table 5.7. Projected Minimum Number of Individuals in all the layers at Inamgaon Species Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Equus asinus Elephas maximus Canis lupus Canis aureus Canis sp. Felis chaus Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Sus scrofa Bos gaurus Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Axis porcinus Axis sp. Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Deer sp. Herpestus edwardsi Lepus nigricollis

01 16 01 04 04 01 05 -01 01 --01 --03 --03 -47 01 01

02 25 04 11 03 02 06 04 04 01 01 -02 01 01 01 01 01 03 -89 02 01

03 64 08 30 06 02 08 04 08 04 --04 02 02 ---02 02 138 02 04

04 80 18 33 05 -18 05 05 03 ---02 -02 ---02 148 02 02

05 26 03 10 -03 06 -06 ---03 -------22 -03

06 24 05 16 03 03 05 03 03 03 --03 -03 03 --03 -16 -03

07 60 09 18 03 02 03 -06 -----03 03 ---03 33 -03

08 155 28 117 05 03 28 10 03 03 --03 03 ----03 -55 05 03

09 46 08 12 04 -08 04 04 ---04 -04 -----08 ---

10 17 09 13 04 -07 -04 -----------04 ---

11 36 14 23 05 09 14 05 05 -------01 ---18 -01

12 209 39 131 07 07 33 20 26 -------07 ---105 13 07

13 28 03 14 07 -03 03 03 -----03 ---03 -21 03 --

14 122 13 39 13 -13 13 06 --06 06 -------26 06 --

15 60 18 14 09 05 09 09 09 -----------19 -14

16 53 10 24 ---05 05 ---10 -05 -----38 -05

07

08

25

28

06

05

03

14

08

04

05

26

03

19

14

14

04 01 -01 01 01 ---

03 -01 01 -01 01 01

04 --04 -04 06 04

05 --02 ---02

-----03 ---

03 --------

06 --03 -----

03 --03 03 ----

04 --------

---------

04 -----05 --

07 ------07

03 --03 -----

13 --06 -----

05 --05 09 ----

05 --05 -----

101

102

01

3200.0 250.0 900.0 50.0 12.5 62.5 00.0 7.5 150.0 9.0 00.0 300.0 705.0 10.0 12.5 700.0 150.0 125.0 20.0 00.0 00.0

Species

Bos indicus Bubalus bubalis Bos/Bubalus Capra hircus Ovis aries Capra/Ovis Sus domesticus Canis familiaris Equus caballus Canis lupus Canis aureus Sus scrofa Antilope cervicapra Gazella bennetti Tetracerus quadricornis Boselaphus tragocamelus Axis axis Cervus unicolor Muntiacus muntjak Herpestus edwardsi Lepus nigricollis

5000.0 1000.0 2475.0 37.5 25.0 75.0 80.0 30.0 150.0 18.0 4.0 300.0 1335.0 20.0 12.5 800.0 112.5 125.0 00.0 00.75 1.0

02 12800.0 2000.0 6750.0 75.0 25.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 600.0 36.0 8.0 200.0 2070.0 20.0 50.0 2500.0 150.0 500.0 00.0 4.5 4.0

03 16000.0 4500.0 7425.0 62.5 00.0 225.0 100.0 37.5 450.0 00.0 8.0 00.0 2220.0 20.0 25.0 2800.0 187.5 250.0 00.0 00.0 2.0

04

Table 5.8. Projected Meat Weight in all the layers at Inamgaon 05 5200.0 750.0 2250.0 00.0 37.5 75.0 00.0 45.0 00.0 27.0 00.0 00.0 330.0 00.0 37.5 600.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

06 4800.0 1250.0 3600.0 37.5 37.5 62.5 60.0 22.5 450.0 27.0 00.0 300.0 240.0 00.0 37.5 500.0 112.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

07 12000.0 2250.0 4050.0 37.5 25.0 37.5 00.0 45.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 495.0 00.0 37.5 300.0 225.0 375.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

08 31000.0 7000.0 26325.0 62.5 37.5 350.0 200.0 22.5 450.0 27.0 12.0 300.0 825.0 50.0 37.5 1400.0 112.5 375.0 60.0 00.0 00.0

09 9200.0 2000.0 2700.0 50.0 00.0 100.0 80.0 30.0 00.0 36.0 00.0 00.0 120.0 00.0 00.0 800.0 150.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

10 3400.0 2250.0 2925.0 50.0 00.0 87.5 00.0 30.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 60.0 00.0 00.0 400.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

11 7200.0 3500.0 5175.0 62.5 112.5 175.0 100.0 37.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 270.0 00.0 12.5 500.0 150.0 00.0 00.0 3.75 00.0

12 41800.0 9750.0 29475.0 87.5 87.5 412.5 400.0 195.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 1575.0 130.0 87.5 2600.0 262.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 7.0

13 5600.0 750.0 3150.0 87.5 00.0 37.5 60.0 22.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 300.0 315.0 30.0 00.0 300.0 112.5 375.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

14 24400.0 3250.0 8775.0 162.5 00.0 162.5 260.0 45.0 00.0 54.0 00.0 00.0 390.0 60.0 00.0 1900.0 487.5 750.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

15 12000.0 4500.0 3150.0 112.5 62.5 112.5 180.0 67.5 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 285.0 00.0 175.0 1400.0 187.5 625.0 180.0 00.0 00.0

16 10600.0 2500.0 5400.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 100.0 37.5 00.0 90.0 00.0 00.0 570.0 00.0 62.5 1400.0 187.5 625.0 00.0 00.0 00.0

measurements of scapula, humerus, radius and femur (Fig. 5.18-5.21). Cattle, buffalo and nilgai could be separated out with the help of measurements such as proximal breadth and the thickness of the first phalanx (Fig. 5.22). Similarly the measurements of the distal breadth and the thickness of humerus have been used to differentiate between dog, wolf and jackal (Fig. 5.23). Wild and domestic pig can also separate out by taking the measurements of the proximal breadth and thickness of the radius (Fig. 5.24).

IV. Determination of Species, Sex and Stature based on Osteometric analysis a. Species separation Some of the species which are morphologically very similar can be separated out with the help of certain measurements of bones. Morphologically the bones of blackbuck, sheep and goat are very similar. To differentiate these species the bones are studied with the help of the reference skeletons. These species could easily be separated out with the help of

Fig. 5.18. Species separation based on Scapula measurements (GLP vs. BG)

Fig. 5.19. Species separation based on Humerus measurements (BD vs. TD)

103

Fig. 5.20. Species separation based on Radius measurements (BP vs. TP).

Fig. 5.21. Species separation based on Femur measurements (BP vs. TP).

Fig. 5.22. Species separation based on First Phalanx measurements (BP vs. TP).

104

Fig. 5.23. Species separation based on Humerus measurements (BD vs. TD).

Fig. 5.24. Species separation based on Radius measurements (BP vs. TP).

has given some very good evidence for male to female ratio, which was 2:1. In stock breeding, more number of males is not required. As a result of this, there is a tendency to kill a large number of males when they are young. Such selection of animals shows the complete knowledge of the early farming population about the stock-raising aspects.

b. Sex determination Qualitatively it was difficult to distinguish the bones of male and female cattle at Inamgaon, as the bones were very fragmentary. Hence, metrical analyses have been carried out on well preserved bones like astragalus and metapodials (Fig. 5.25 & 5.26). This

Fig. 5.25. Sex Determination of Cattle at Inamgaon: Astragalus (GL vs.BD).

105

Fig. 5.26. Sex Determination of Cattle at Inamgaon: Metacarpal (BD vs.WT).

killed during their mating season. Blackbucks breed at all seasons, but the main rut is noticed between February and the March. This time the bucks fight for the possession of the does. The unsuccessful males are driven out from the territory and probably such animals were killed at Inamgaon.

Metrical analyses of bones of blackbuck such as astragalus, first and the second phalanx reveal that about 70-75% of the blackbuck hunted were males (Fig. 5.27-5.30). This is significant, because while hunting animals, this kind of a selection is generally not possible. Thus probably these animals were

Fig. 5.27. Sex Determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: Astragalus (GLI vs.BD).

106

Fig. 5.28. Sex Determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: First Phalanx (GL vs. BD).

Fig. 5.29. Sex Determination of Blackbuck at Inamgaon: Second Phalanx (GL vs.BD).

Fig. 5.30. Male to Female Ratio of Blackbuck in Various Phases at Inamgaon.

107

approximately 200 years. No further contact and the continuous inbreeding for such a longer period of time may have resulted in the size reduction of animals towards the end of this phase. This is followed by the Early Jorwe phase at the site and contact with the Jorwe occupation continued uninterrupted for about 4 centuries at the site. Hence, like in the Malwa phase, the process occurred till about the beginning of the Late Jorwe phase. The Late Jorwe phase at Inamgaon was more or less contemporary with the Iron Age cultures of Maharashtra. In the Late Jorwe phase probably because of the association with Iron Age people the size of cattle again increased (Pawankar and Thomas 1997). A burial site of the Iron Age period has been reported at Pimpalsuti, hardly 6 km to the west of Inamgaon (Ansari and Dhavalikar 1975). One of the burials had yielded a typical spouted vessel of painted Jorwe type, which throws light on the cultural contact with Jorwe people (Fig. 5.31).

c. Stature of cattle at Inamgaon The withers height of cattle remained almost static between 106 to113 cm in all the phases. However, a close scrutiny shows a gradual decrease in the size of the animal in the transitional layers between the Malwa, Early Jorwe and Late Jorwe phases and there after a continuous increase in size. When Malwa people from Central India migrated towards south to settle in the Deccan, they might have brought their live- stock with them to start their life in this region. As this was an agro-pastoral community the use of cattle was manifold. Inbreeding of animals within the same stock for a longer period of time, results in the size reduction. But in the Malwa phase size has increased, which shows either the selection within the stock or probably in the beginning itself these people had some contact and exchange of cattle with other local cultural complexes of the area, which resulted in an increase in the size of cattle during this phase. The Malwa phase at Inamgaon continued for

Fig. 5.31. Stature Analysis of Cattle based on Astragalus at Inamgaon.

108

remains are found only in houses 84, 87 and 95. Of this, houses 87 and 95 are littered with non-meatbearing parts whereas; house number 84 has normal distribution of both meat-bearing and non-meatbearing parts. Non-meat-bearing parts are also found adjacent to the structure 87 in trench B5 (Fig. 5.32).

V. Horizontal distribution of animal remains Layer 16 A majority of the settlement structures in layer 16 are oriented in northeast-southwest direction. Animal

Fig. 5.32. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 16 at Inamgaon.

109

However, meat-bearing and non-meat-bearing parts are found along the periphery towards the northwest and southwest of structure 90, in trenches E3, E4, OB1, B3, A5 and B5 (Fig.5.33).

Layer 15 Only one structure is identified in layer 15, i.e. house number 90 which is devoid of non-meat bearing parts is noticed in the four corners of structure 90.

Fig. 5.33. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 15 at Inamgaon.

110

been in the eastern side and what one gets in the living area. In the previous layer 15, the trenches C3, C4, C5, D3, D4 and D5 which were concentrated with non-meat-bearing parts are devoid of any anima remains in Layer 14. Probably some structures may have been associated with these places in layer 14 (Fig. 5.34).

Layer 14 No structure has been identified in layer 14. The concentration of non-meat-bearing parts is found towards the eastern part and non-meat-bearing parts towards the western part of the excavated area. This indicates that the butchering of animals may have

Fig. 5.34. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 14 at Inamgaon.

111

noticed in the southern part of the excavated area. Probably those were the food refuse thrown from the living area. Non-meat-bearing parts are found in trenches B0, D3, E4, E5 and C4 and forms a regular pattern in layer 13, as it was in layer 14 (Fig. 5.35).

Layer 13 Again layer 13 is devoid of any structure. Much of the non-meat-bearing parts are found towards the eastern side whereas, the concentration of normal distribution, as well as the meat-bearing parts are

Fig. 5.35. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 13 at Inamgaon.

structures like house numbers 74, 75, 76, 77 and 85. The two largest structures (75 and 85) have yielded a number of non-meat-bearing parts. It appears that there is something unusual about these two houses (Dhavalikar 1988). In house number 85, a burial (No. 115) and potters kiln were found. Thus, this house

Layer 12 A large number of rectangular structures are found in southwest-northeast direction as has been in layer 16. The non-meat-bearing parts are found in the centre of the excavated area and also in a few

112

does not fit into the conventional term of living place. House number 75 also gives a similar impression with Chalcedony blades, roundels, grass patches, etc. (Dhavalikar 1988). The grass patch in house number 75 probably was not the remains of a fallen roof but intentionally kept vegetable matter on the floor to protect the meat from mixing it with soil. Thus, these structures can be identified as the activity areas of the settlement. Also the concentration of non-meat-bearing parts in these structures, suggests butchering of the animal within these structures.

However, some of the structures (78, 79, 80, 81, 83 and 84) in the southeast area are with meat-bearing parts. The concentration of non-meat-bearing parts in the central part of the excavated area suggests that much of the activities were within the area of the settlement as has been noticed in the earlier layers. In this layer, the refuse dump areas are excavated in the southwestern region in trench B0, C0, B1, C1, B2 and C2. Structures 25, 82 and 82a are devoid of any faunal remains (Fig. 5.36).

Fig. 5.36. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 12 at Inamgaon.

113

the excavated area is littered with bones of meatbearing parts. The blank spaces in between the trenches with bone distribution probably indicate the structural remains of the previous layers (Fig. 5.37).

Layer 11 The concentration of non-meat-bearing parts in layer 11 appears to be slightly shifted to the eastern side in trenches B5-B8 and C8. Much of the western part of

Fig. 5.37. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 11 at Inamgaon.

114

non-meat-bearing parts are noticed only in trench C1. Around this trench the meat-bearing parts and the normal distribution are also found (Fig. 5.38).

Layer 10 This layer is devoid of any structure. Bones are only found in the southwestern part of excavated area. The

Fig. 5.38. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 10 at Inamgaon.

115

southwestern side. Non-meat-bearing parts are found only in trenches C4 and C5 and could be identified as animal butchering area. This is surrounded by the normal distribution of bones and high meat-bearing parts (Fig. 5.39).

Layer 9 Structures 40 and 41 are identified in layer 9, which are free from any faunal material. These structures are located in the northeastern part of the excavated area whereas; the concentration of bones is on the

Fig. 5.39. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 9 at Inamgaon.

116

parts are found in the southwestern region and also found in structures 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70 and 73.

Layer 8 The structures in layer 8 are more or less identical with those in layer 12. It appears that only some modifications were made to the earlier structures. Once again the bulk of non-meat-bearing parts are found in the central part of excavated area, as it has been in layer12. It is also interesting to note that structures 61, 64, 69, 71, 71a and 72 have yielded non-meat-bearing parts. In this structural complex structure 69 is one of the largest. The meat-bearing

The high meat bearing parts are found on the southwestern side of the excavated area outside the structures; probably indicate that it was formed as a sort of refuse clearance from structures as well as outside the structures. Probably the structures with non-meat-bearing parts were associated with animal butchering activity (Fig. 5.40).

Fig. 5.40. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 8 at Inamgaon.

117

activities. One interesting thing noticed is that the concentration of non-meat-bearing parts was found in two different localities suggest that involvement of more than one family in the butchering activity. Some of the structures such as 55, 56, 58, 59, 38 and 39 are free from animal remains. Structures 51, 51a and 52 have yielded meat-bearing parts. In general the distribution of meat-bearing parts is found in the southern and northern part of the structures, probably indicates refuse dumps (Fig. 5.41).

Layer 7 In layer 7, an appreciable number of meat bearing parts are observed in the southern part of the excavated area. The two big structures 53 and 54 are located almost at the centre of the trenches excavated. The circular structure 57 in trench E7 and on the northern side trench G4, structure 119 and 42 has yielded non-meat-bearing parts. Probably all these areas were associated with animal butchering

Fig. 5.41. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 7 at Inamgaon.

where the structures were identified in the previous layer 7 remain blank as far as the bones were concerned. The non-meat-bearing parts are noticed in the northwestern part of the excavated area, where in layer 7, structure 119 was located. This area can be identified as a butchering place in layer 6 (Fig.5.42).

Layer 6 Structure number 18 is identified in layer 6, which is devoid of any animal remains. The concentration of meat-bearing parts is found in the southern, western and eastern part of the excavated area. The areas

118

Fig. 5.42. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 6 at Inamgaon.

noticed in trenches B0, E5 and F8 and in structures 15 and 16. Structure 17 is without any animal remains. The meat-bearing parts are noticed in trenches B and C, in the southern side of excavated area and this can be identified as a refuse dump (Fig. 5.43).

Layer 5 This layer is characterized by structure 15, 16 and 17 and located in the southwestern side of the excavated area. The non-meat-bearing parts are noticed in excavated area. The non-meat-bearing parts are

119

Fig. 5.43. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 5 at Inamgaon.

Extension trenches on the eastern side C, D, E, F and G (23-28) have yielded a vast number of animal remains. Interestingly, a couple of rectangular structures (105 and 110) were identified from this area. However, the type of bones identified from the floor of these structures appears to be different. House number 110 is concentrated with non-meatbearing parts whereas 105, with high meat-bearing parts. High concentration of non-meat-bearing parts is found in the northwest (E24, F24-25 and G24-26) corner of the extended trenches whereas meatbearing parts are found in a few places in the southeast.

Layer 4 All the rectangular structures of the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases were replaced with smaller circular structures in the Late Jorwe phase. However, the orientation of the structures and locales are similar to the early Jorwe and Malwa phases. A majority of these circular structures are devoid of faunal remains. The trenches around the circular structures are also not yielding any animal remains. In addition to the previous excavated area, trenches C, D, E, F and G (23-28) have been extended eastwards. There is very scanty representation of bones in layer 4, except in the newly excavated area (23-28 trenches. A few bones of normal distribution are found in the southwestern region. Another cluster is noticed in trenches D10 and E10. In the northern periphery, in trenches H5 and H7 more number of non-meatbearing parts are found. A concentration of nonmeat-bearing parts is found associated with structures 115, 116, 117 and 120. A few of the circular structures have also yielded faunal material.

From the description given above, it is clear that the butchering activities may have been in at least two places in Trench H5 and H7 in one area and trenches E, F and G (24-26) in another area. It is important to note that the rectangular structures and the concentration of bones are found in the eastern side. As already stated a majority of the circular structures and the areas around them are devoid of animal

120

remains, probably indicate a change in the functional aspect of these structures. Much of the activities concerning food habits may have been in the eastern side of the mound. This shift of the activity area probably starts in layer 7. In the northeastern part of

the excavated area, a few rectangular structures are identified. These structures may have continued in layers 6 and 5, thereby animal remains are few in this area whereas, from layer 4 upwards concentration of faunal remains is seen in the eastern side (Fig. 5.44).

Fig. 5.44. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 4 at Inamgaon.

121

Unlike in layer 4, much of the meat-bearing parts were found in the eastern side of the excavated area. This area can be identified as a refuse dumping area in layer 3. So far in all the other layers from 16-4, this area remains vacant or devoid of bones. In all the earlier layers the concentration of refuse dump was in the southern as well as western part of the excavated region. This shift of activity area probably has to do with an expansion of the settlement (Fig. 5.45).

Layer 3 Compared to layer 4, only very few structures are identified which are mostly concentrated in the southwest region of the excavated area. A few structures have also been found in the northeastern region. Maximum amount of meat-bearing parts are mainly found in two areas i.e. G10, H10 and E, F, G (25027). However, sporadic distribution of nonmeat-bearing parts is noticed in the G4, H7 and D8. These two areas are identified as butchering areas.

Fig. 5.45. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 3 at Inamgaon.

122

found (Cluster1 – H5, H6, G6, G7 and I6; Cluster 2F11, G11, H11 and I12; Cluster 3 – E24 and D25 and Cluster 4- G25 and F26). Structures 125, 129 and 130 are with meat-bearing parts whereas; structure 108 is with non-meat-bearing parts. Like in the earlier layers 3 and 4, the central part of the excavated area is devoid of animal remains indicating probably the existence of structures of the previous layer (Fig. 5.46).

Layer 2 Structures 108, 125, 129 and 130 are identified in layer 2. The concentration of meat-bearing parts is found in all the corners of the excavated area, however, more in the southern side. It is significant that the non-meat-bearing parts are mainly concentrated in the northern part of the excavated area. Distinctly four clusters of non-meat-bearing are

Fig. 5.46. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 2 at Inamgaon.

123

form distinct clusters in the eastern and northwestern part of the excavated area. Thus, they can be identified as refuse-dumping and butchering areas. The refuse dump clusters are Cluster 1- F11, G11, H11 and I11; Cluster 2- G4 and H5 and Cluster 3 is F26-27. The butchering areas are located in trenches E10, F10, G6, G7 and D, E, F, G (23-25) (Fig.5.47).

Layer 1 No structure is identified in this layer. However, the central blank spaces without bones continued to occur even in this layer suggesting the continuation of at least some of the earlier structural complexes. The meat-bearing as well as non-meat-bearing parts

Fig. 5.47. Horizontal Distribution of Bones in Layer 1 at Inamgaon.

124

earlier Early Jorwe and Malwa phases. The representation of proximal and distal ends of humerus and tibia is more or less identical in all the three cultural phases. However, compared to the proximal, the distal ends of humerus are more that would indicate the differential preservation of these parts. The distal ends of humerus are hard and sturdy while the proximal ends are more vulnerable to human as well as natural destruction. A similar sort of portrayal has been noticed for the proximal ends of femur and radius. The pattern is more or less consistent in all the three cultural phases. Compared to scapula the pelvic bones are numerous. This could be attributed to the structural and size differences of these bones. The carpals and tarsals are always found in abundance and they are better preserved since they are sturdy, small in size and have no meat value. Because of the non-meat value there is less human activity on the bones. To an extent this may be true for the phalanges also. Compared to the first and the second phalanges scanty occurrence of third phalanges is noticed. Probably this is an indication for the use of hide at the site. When the hide is removed from the carcass of an animal, generally the third phalanx and occasionally the second phalanx are attached to the hide. The representation of metapodials shows that comparatively proximal ends are more than the distal. One of the reasons could be that while butchering the animals proximal ends of metapodials were also cut along with other tarsals and carpals and get preserved along with other nonmeat-bearing bones. It is also noticed that the shaft of the distal metapodials are used as tools. This portion of the metapodia is preferred because of the distal trochleas which could be used as a firm handles (Fig. 5.48-5.50).

Summary A majority of the structures are oriented in the northeast, south-west direction in different layers. The horizontal distribution of bones in different layers shows that much of the butchering activity was taking place in the central parts of the structures in the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases. The structures in layer 8 of the Early Jorwe and 12 of the Malwa phase are more or less identical, only some minor modifications and expansion could be seen in the Early Jorwe phase. The high concentration of meatbearing parts was noticed in the south –west part of the excavated area and outside the structures. In the Late Jorwe phase all the rectangular structures of the Early Jorwe and Malwa phases were replaced with circular structures. However, the orientation of the structures was similar. A majority of these circular structures were devoid of faunal remains, probably indicating a change in the functional aspect of these huts. Interestingly, a couple of rectangular structures were also identified in the extended area towards the eastern side. The concentration of bones was more in and around these structures. Much of the activities concerning food may have been in the eastern side of the mound in the Late Jorwe phase. In the earlier two phases the concentration of refuse dump was in the southern as well as in the western sides. VI. Carcass utilization a. Relative representation of skeletal parts 1. Bos indicus The axial skeleton of Bos indicus was well represented in the Late Jorwe phase compared to the

Fig. 5.48. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bos indicus in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

125

Fig. 5.49. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bos indicus in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.50. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bos indicus in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Bos indicus the representation of bones is very scanty. The preservation of carpal and tarsal bones is more or less identical with those of Bos indicus, and is found in sizable numbers. However, the portrayal of phalanges of Bubalus bubalis compared to Bos indicus is different. Generally the first phalanges are more in Bubalus bubalis. It is intriguing that the second phalanges are more than the first phalanges. From the faunal assemblage no secondary use of first phalanges could be identified except for a couple of hunting whistles (Fig. 5.51-5.53).

2. Bubalus bubalis Buffalo bones are more in the Late Jorwe phase compared to the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases. The axial skeletal parts are scantly represented in all the three cultural phases. To distinguish between the bones of Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis is difficult from this part of the skeleton except for few bones from cranium, mandible, atlas and axis vertebrae. Thus, a large number of fragments which could not identify to the species level were classified together in another group called Bos/Bubalus. Compared to

126

Fig. 5.51. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.52. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.53. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Bubalus bubalis in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

127

3. Capra/Ovis

preservation of this part. Distal ends of humerus are equally distributed in all the three phases. Likewise, the proximal ends of radius and distal ends of tibia are found more compared to their distal and proximal counterparts. Proximal and distal ends of femur are more or less equally represented in the Malwa phase whereas; it varies in other two phases. The proximal and the distal ends of metapodials also show erratic representation. Among the phalanges, first phalanges are more compared to the second and third. The scarcity of the third phalanges is noticed for this species also, probably again an indication of the hide being used for some purpose (Fig. 5.54-5.56).

Representation of bones of goat/sheep is found in the Early Jorwe and the Late Jorwe phases. In the Malwa phase a few bone fragments belonging to the cranial and mandibular regions were found. Fairly a good number of the meat-bearing parts are found in the Early and Late Jorwe phases. However, the percentage frequency of the carpal and tarsal bones is comparatively less in the Early Jorwe phase. The proximal parts of the humerus are not represented in the Early Jorwe and Malwa phases. Absence of proximal part can be attributed to the differential

Fig. 5.54. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Capra/Ovis in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

128

Fig. 5.55. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Capra/Ovis in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.56. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Capra/Ovis in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

with cut marks and charring. A few bones found in the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases, probably indicate predator or scavenging activities at the site. However, the representation of skeletal parts of dog

4. Canis familiaris Evidence suggests the consumption of dog meat in Late Jorwe phase as a number of bones are found

129

in the Late Jorwe phase is more or less identical with other species of animals which were regularly butchered for food purposes. From the axial skeleton a large number of cranial and mandibular fragments have been found. The number of distal ends of humerus and tibia are comparatively higher than the proximal ends; probably again suggests the

differential preservation of these parts. Similarly, the proximal ends of femur, radius and ulna are found more in number than the distal ends. This also can be attributed to differential preservation. The carpal bones are completely absent while, a good collection of tarsal bones is seen in the Late Jorwe phase (Fig. 5.57-5.59).

Fig. 5.57. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Canis familiaris in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.58. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Canis familiaris in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

130

Fig. 5.59. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Canis familiaris in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

couple of bones from this part of the body are found in the Late Jorwe phase. From the distribution of bones it appears that there was no regular butchering of this animal for food purpose. However, a few bones represented may have reached the site probably from outside as a sort of delicacy. This animal is also found in the wild state in abundance in this region even today. The non-exploitation of this species shows probably a taboo on pork (Fig. 5.605.62).

5. Sus domesticus Bones of domestic pigs are scantly represented in all the cultural phases. However, they are slightly more in the Late Jorwe. Axial skeleton is completely absent in the Early Jorwe phase whereas, a few bones of this part are represented in the Malwa as well as in the Late Jorwe phases. The hind limb portions with meat-bearing parts (pelvis, femur and tibia) are absent in the Malwa and the Early Jorwe phases but a

Fig. 5.60. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Sus domesticus in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

131

Fig. 5.61. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Sus domesticus in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.62. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Sus domesticus in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

the same way where the distal ends are always found more in number. The frequency of ulna fragments is more in the Early Jorwe and the Malwa phases whereas, in the Late Jorwe phase they are less represented. Probably the proximal ends of ulna may have been used as bone tools in the Late Jorwe phase. Compared to tarsal bones, carpals are found less in number. The smaller size of the carpals may have the reason for the meager quantity at the site. Both proximal and distal ends of metapodials are almost equally represented at Inamgaon. Some individual variations are noticed in the Malwa as well as in Early Jorwe phases. Ratio of phalanges first, second and third are more or less similar in all the cultural phases. The first phalanges are always found in abundance followed by the second and then third. The scanty representation of second and third phalanges compared to the first may have been due to the use of hide of this animal (Fig. 5.63-5.65).

6. Antilope cervicapra An appreciable number of bones of Blackbucks have been found in the Late Jorwe phase compared to the other two phases. The portrayal of axial part of the skeleton is more or less identical in all the three cultural phases at Inamgaon. However, individual bones such as cranial fragments, rib fragments, etc. may differ slightly in different phases. Scapula, pelvis and humerus are some what equally represented in all the three phases, though a slight increase in percentage is noticed in the Late Jorwe phase. In the stratigraphical units, the distal ends of humerus are found at least eight times more than the proximal ends, probably indicates the hardness of the distal ends. Femur fragments are erratically found in all the three phases. Distal ends of radius are meagerly represented suggests the differential preservation of both proximal and distal ends. The proximal and distal ends of tibia are also behaving

132

Fig. 5.63. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.64. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

133

Fig. 5.65. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Antilope cervicapra in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

the meat-bearing parts of this animal are scanty in all the three cultural phases. Considering the amount of lower extremity bones represented in the collection, a few more bones of meat-bearing parts are expected. The absence of meat-bearing parts to this extend suggest probably the transport of meat of this animal to some other place (Fig. 5.66-5.68).

7. Boselaphus tragocamelus Maximum number of bones of this animal is found in the Malwa and the Late Jorwe phases. Bones are mostly represented by lower extremities of hind and fore limbs. The axial skeleton is very poorly represented. Among the bones identified tarsals and phalanges are found more in number. Surprisingly,

Fig. 5.66. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Malwa Phase at Inamgaon.

134

Fig. 5.67. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Early Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

Fig. 5.68. Relative Representation of Skeletal Parts of Boselaphus tragocamelus in the Late Jorwe Phase at Inamgaon.

hide. Hide is preserved in archaeological context only in very favourable climatic conditions. Because of its perishable nature, it is not found in any of the Indian archaeological sites. In the normal distribution of bones the phalangial ratio is expected to be one.

b. Phalangial ratio The ratio of first, second and third phalanges of animals can throw light on the utilization of hide at a site. While removing the hide of an animal, generally the second and the third phalanx go away with the

135

Table 5.9. Ratio of Phalanges of Bos indicus at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H1 26 75 70 73 12 26 35 101 17 14 31 60 19 34 19 07

H2 14 56 77 41 19 18 22 73 19 09 18 42 17 34 16 05

H3 10 36 44 35 07 17 21 45 20 04 16 30 15 21 13 04

H2/H1 0.53 0.74 1.1 0.56 1.58 0.69 0.62 0.72 1.11 0.64 0.58 0.7 0.89 1.00 0.84 0.71

H3/H2 0.71 0.64 0.57 0.85 0.36 0.94 0.95 0.60 1.05 0.44 0.88 0.71 0.88 0.61 0.81 0.80

Table 5.10. Ratio of Phalanges of Bubalus bubalis at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H1 06 05 10 03 00 01 04 13 01 02 02 00 00 00 00 01

H2 03 10 19 08 01 03 03 22 06 03 05 03 01 04 04 00

H3 02 06 03 01 00 01 00 02 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00

H2/H1 0.5 2.00 1.9 2.66 0.00 3.00 0.75 1.69 6.00 1.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

H3/H2 0.66 0.60 0.15 0.12 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.09 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 5.11. Ratio of Phalanges of Boselaphus tragocamelus at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H1 10 25 21 27 04 00 02 06 01 01 01 01 01 05 10 01

H2 08 13 31 12 02 00 00 01 00 00 01 01 02 09 06 01

H3 04 12 13 14 00 02 00 00 00 00 01 03 00 00 05 01

H2/H1 0.8 0.52 1.47 0.44 0.5 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.8 0.65 1.00

H3/H2 0.5 0.92 0.41 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 1.00

136

Table 5.12. Ratio of Phalanges of Antilope cervicapra at Inamgaon Layers 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

H1 113 316 235 129 08 07 03 03 03 00 08 09 06 02 03 01

H2 25 93 93 64 05 02 04 00 00 01 01 05 02 02 01 00

H3 11 36 33 31 00 04 01 00 00 00 03 02 00 00 00 00

H2/H1 0.22 0.29 0.39 0.49 0.62 0.28 0.75 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.55 0.33 1.00 0.33 0.00

H3/H2 0.44 0.38 0.35 0.48 0.00 2.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

rib and long bones of cattle and blackbucks. However, punches are made on sturdy antlers and thick cattle bones. A majority of chisels are found in the Late Jorwe phase and are prepared on the thin bone splinters, and thick bone or antlers which were suitable for preparing hides. Tow picks, one each from Early and the Late Jorwe phase are unique and made on bifurcated antler where the short shaft of antler (brow tine) is grouped into a sharp point and the longer one serves the purpose of handle (Dhavalikar and Ansari 1988). The methodology used in making bone tools includes cutting, chipping, grinding and fire hardening. Probably a majority of these tools were used for skinning the animal and in the preparation of hides (Thomas 1988).

The ratios were calculated for species like cattle (Table 5.9), buffalo (Table 5.10), nilgai (Table 5.11) and blackbuck (Table 5.12) where enough data was available for comparison. The ratio calculated for these different animals shows considerable loss of third and second phalanges compared to the first one. Therefore, it can be assumed that the hide of a majority of animals were utilized for different purposes like clothing, shelter, containers, etc. c. Bone modification 1. Human activity Faunal remains recovered from most of the archaeological sites represent the garbage of ancient people’s meal. Some of these bones are also found in modified form by human as well as non-human agencies. During the course of excavation at Inamgaon, a number of bone tools were found. Most of them were made on long bones like humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, metapodials and the flat bones like scapula and pelvis; and also ribs, horn core and antlers of animals like cattle, buffalo, antelopes and deer. An exhaustive account of these tools is dealt with in the excavation report (Dhavalikar and Ansari 1988 c; Thomas 1988).

In addition to the already reported bone tools and objects, a few more have been encountered while analyzing the faunal assemblage of Inamgaon. A punch made of antler is ground and polished on all sides and at the tip (Fig.5.69 a). This is also charred, probably for hardening. Rib fragments with serrated edge generally with a couple of points are found in the collection (Fig. 5.70). Probably they were used for pottery designs. The distance between the points of the serrated edge and the width of the lines on some of the pottery pieces matches well. Rows of incised vertical strokes have been found on the pottery, e.g. No. D137 and T132. In another tool the serrated points appear to be blunt. Rib bone has also been used for making chisels.

Bone objects recovered include points which are found in large number in the Late Jorwe phase, are usually prepared from all types of bones and antlers. Scrapers are generally made on scapula, mandible,

137

Fig. 5.69. Bone Tools.

Fig. 5.70. Bone tools used for pottery designing at Inamgaon.

138

Plate XXI A. Driling marks on phalanges of Antilope cervicapra.

A few first phalanges of cattle were recovered with square shaped hole on the dorsal side, near the distal end (Pl. XX A). These holes appear to be intentionally and regularly made. This part of the skeleton does not have much marrow to assume that they were made for the extraction of marrow. The hole is only on one side of the bone, so they could not be used as pendants or beads. Such phalanges are reported to be hunting whistles. Similar evidence has also been found at the Chalcolithic sites of Prabhas Patan (Gujarat), Ramapurm (Andhra Pradesh), Neolithic/Megalithic site of Veerapuram (Andhra Pradesh) and the Megalithic site of Naikund (Maharashtra) (Thomas 1979, 1981, 1984 a and 1984 B, 1988). Plate XX A. Hunting Whistles made on First Phalanges of Bos indicus.

2.Carnivore and rodent activity A few fragments of astragali, phalanges, centrotarsals and the distal ends of metapodial are found deformed in the collection (Pl. XXI B). The external cover or the cortex of the bones are comparatively damaged with etched irregular surface. The bones have become thinner and shapeless. In the butchering activity these non-meatbearing parts are cut and thrown out. Such bones are meal to the scavengers like dog and they swallow these bones. The changes noticed on the bones may have been due to the reaction of gastric juice of carnivores. Payne and Munson (1986) have observed the reaction of stomach juices of carnivores like do on different bones. Dogs are able to swallow the bone fragments smaller than 2.5 cm in diameter. The swallowed bone fragments are heavily attacked by the stomach juices. The smaller fragments result in their complete disappearance. The Surface of the digested bones is etched, often shiny, wafer-thin and sharp. In the archaeological context such evidence is reported of phalanges and tarsals of gazelle from the Natufian culture period (10,300-8,500 B. C.)(Davis 1985 and 1987).

However, a few first phalanges and tarsal bones of smaller ruminants (blackbuck) have been found with perforations (Pl. XX Band XXI A). These perforations are comparatively smaller than those of cattle phalanges; rather they appear to be more like small drilling marks. Generally the holes are found on both side of the phalanges but occasionally only on one side. These phalanges and calcaneum were probably used as pendants or beads. Plate XX B. Drilling marks on calcaneum, tibia and metapodia of Antilope cervicapra.

139

Plate XXI B. Effect of gastric juice of carnivores on bones.

The other carnivore activity such as puncture marks is also found on bones like radius, ulna and pelvis of blackbucks. The observed tooth marks are apparently the result of the canine and the incisor teeth of animals like dog. However, at the site only very few bones are found with such modifications (Fig. 5.71).

Fig.5.71. Activities of carnivores on bones.

Some bones are also found with gnawing marks. The observations on bones with gnawing marks suggest involvement of more than one animal species for these incisions. The smaller incisions could be

attributed to animals like rodents while the large ones to the carnivores (Fig. 5.72 a). Mainly the gnawing marks are observed on the proximal and distal epiphyses of bones.

140

to be post-depositional. Probably bacterial or insect activity may have been the reason for these grooves (Baker and Brothwell 1980). Similarly one of the first phalanges of cattle has very irregularly made small holes on both epiphyses. These appear to be more like insect holes (Fig. 5.72 c).

3. Insect and Bacterial activity The mandibular condyle of the blackbuck has anterior-posterior groove formation on the articular surface (Fig. 5.72b). Being the condyle of a young animal this is very spongy and the formation appears

Fig. 5.72. Activities of a. Rodent, b.Bacteria and c. Insect on bones at Inamgaon.

phalanges (IN 2177) around the proximal articular surface expansion of bones is seen on both lateral and medial sides (Fig. 5.72 c). Similarly another first phalanx (IN 4851) has a depression and extra growth of bone on the medial side. The fossa may have been formed due to the extra growth of bone on the other phalanx in the pair (Fig. 5.73 c). In yet another first phalanx the shape and size are completely altered and extra growth of bone is seen. These extra growths of bones or osteoperiotitis may have been due to pathological reasons (Fig.5.73 d). In one of the second phalanges of cattle, the bone has become very porous and extra growth of bone is noticed on the lateral side of the proximal epiphysis. This could be due to osteoporosis, another pathological condition generally seen in domestic animals (Fig. 5.73 e) (Pawankar 2001).

4. Pathological and non-pathological lesions The spine of the thoracic vertebra has two natural holes very near to the posterior zygapophyses (Fig. 5.73 a) and seems to be only a deformity which may not be pathological in character. This has also gnawing marks on the posterior zygapophysis by rodents. An example for trauma has also been found on the mid-shaft of the metacarpal (IN 4517) of blackbuck (Fig. 5.73 b). The fracture of the bone have got healed up with extra growth of bone around the injure area (Baker and Brothwell 1980). Some of the first and second phalanges of cattle show pathological lesions. In one of the first

141

Fig. 5.73. Pathological and non-pathological lesions.

142

Conclusion selection shows the stock-raising skill of the early farmers at Inamgaon.

The objective of this study was to find out the man-animal relationship in the ancient past especially among the early farmers of western India. The main focus of this work was the reanalysis of the faunal remains from the Chalcolithic site, Inamgaon (district Pune, Maharashtra), housed in Archaeozoology laboratory of Deccan College, Pune. This was necessary since after the earlier work done many methodological changes have taken place in the field of Archaeozoology.

The importance of this animal can also be deduced from the evidence of sharing meat of this animal possibly at some ceremony between the occupants of two houses in the Malwa phase. These two houses 79 and 83 were situated in different locales. The degree of charring and the metrical analyses reveal that, these bones belong to same animal. People from these two houses might have butchered this animal on some special occasion. This evidence throws light on the socio-cultural aspects of the people. Cattle bones have also been found from the human burials as remains of offering to dead persons.

The faunal assemblage at Inamgaon consisted of over 66,847 bone fragments. Only about 38.79 % of the total collection could be identified, weight wise which accounted for 69.12 %. This shows a high degree of fragmentation of bones at Inamgaon. The results of measurability index and the level of identification of bones suggest more fragmentation of bones in the Early Jorwe phase than in the Late Jorwe and Malwa phases. The fragmentation of bones depends on factors such as taphonomy, butchering techniques, carcass utilization, cooking, secondary uses of bones, excavation, transport, etc. One or many of these factors may have been responsible for the high degree of fragmentation.

Terracotta figurines of humped cattle and terracotta wheeled toy carts are reported from a vast majority of protohistoric sites of India and these animals are also depicted on pottery and rock shelters. Inamgaon has also yielded an engraving of a cart drawn by bullocks on a storage jar. This representation suggests the use of cattle as draught animals in the Chalcolithic period. Cattle by-products also must have been of significance to the Chalcolithic population. For a vast majority of items like milk, hide and cow dung as fuel; direct evidence is lacking for the utilization of these resources at the site. However, based on certain methods used in this research programme it may be possible to postulate the use of some of these items. The sex ratio and the age group studies have shown that female cattle were killed when they were old. This suggests the possible use of milk at the site. The phalangial ratio between the first, second and third phalanges shows the meager representation of second and third phalanges compared to the first. Probably this is an indication of the use of hide, because in the preparation of hide the third and the second phalanges of an animal are generally lost with the hide. The cow dung was extensively used for plastering the floors and walls of the settlement at Inamgaon. However, its use as a fuel is not certain. Cattle dung is the main source of domestic cooking fuel even today in Indian villages. Burnt cattle dung is reported from a number of protohistoric sites. Cattle dung could also be used as manure in agriculture.

The archaeofauna at Inamgaon comprises more than 50 species of animals consisting of mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, molluscs and crustaceans. Some of the fish and birds could not be identified to the species. The diversity and the wide spectrum of the animal species represented at the site suggest the significance of these animals in the promotion of the cultural activities at Inamgaon. In the faunal remains, cattle bones predominate in the Early Jorwe and Malwa phases. Almost everywhere in the protohistoric cultures of India, cattle bones are abundant which indicate the importance of this animal both in the food economy as well as in agricultural operations. It was observed that about 70 % cattle were killed between the ages of 1.5 to 3.5 years. However, in the Malwa phase, a few very young animals below the age of 1.5 years were found butchered as against old animals in the Early and Late Jorwe phases. This probably reveals the lesser magnitude of agricultural activities in the Malwa phase. Large number of senile and adult animals in the Early Jorwe and Late Jorwe phases suggests that some of these animals may have been kept also for agricultural operations. Likewise, more number of males was killed; the male and female ratio of cattle butchered at Inamgaon was 2:1. Such

A large number of bone tools made of cattle bones which are comparatively hard and sturdy

143

excavation may have been brought from outside as delicacy. Pigs were also available in the wild state in and around the site of Inamgaon. The non-exploitation of both the wild and domestic pigs at Inamgaon probably indicates a taboo on this animal.

are found among the collection of bones at Inamgaon. A few first phalanges have also been recovered with square shaped hole on the dorsal side of the phalanx, near the distal end which may have been used as hunting whistles. Parallel evidences are found from the Chalcolithic sites of Prabhas Patan in Gujarat, Ramapuram in Andhra Pradesh and Iron Age sites such as Veerapuram in Andhra Pradesh and Naikund in Maharashtra.

Horse was introduced towards the end of the Jorwe culture. A majority of bones were retrieved from layers 1-6, which is mainly a part of the Late Jorwe phase. The occurrence of bones was identical with those found the megalithic burials of Vidarbha. Mainly the lower extremities of limb bones and cranial fragments including teeth were found in the collection. A distal end of tibia was found with cut marks and charring, suggesting possible consumption of horse meat at some ceremony, as it was practiced in the Iron Age culture of Vidarbha, Chronologically also, the Late Jorwe phase matches with the Iron Age culture of this region.

The withers height of cattle remained almost static in between 106-113 cm in all the phases. However, a close scrutiny shows a gradual decrease in the size of animals in the transitional layers, between cultural phases and there after a continuous increase in size. Inbreeding of animals within the same stock for a longer period of time; results in the reduction of size. When Malwa people from Central India migrated to settle in the Deccan, they might have brought their live-stock with them. As this was an agro-pastoral community the use of cattle was manifold. Probably in the beginning itself the Malwa people had some contact and exchange of cattle with other local cultural complexes of the area which resulted in an increase in the size of cattle during this phase, and the same may have happened in the Jorwe phase again. Increase in the stature of cattle also occurred in the Late Jorwe phase, probably because of the cultural contacts with contemporary Iron Age people.

Another beast of burden represented in the faunal spectrum of Inamgaon was the ass, which was identified by a solitary bone in layer 2. Since this animal was not certainly in the diet of the people, one does not expect a large number of bones of ass among the food refuse. Dog is known as a companion of man right from very early times. Dog bones were identified from all the phases at Inamgaon. However, they were scanty in Malwa and Early Jorwe phases. The skeletal representation also shows scanty and erratic portrayal of the dog bones which had no human activity on them. However, the dog bones from the Late Jorwe depict human activity such as charring and cut marks. The skeletal representation also shows a more or less uniform pattern as seen on the bones of other animals utilized for food purpose. The evidence certainly suggests the consumption of dog meat in the Late Jorwe phase. This is unparalleled in any other archaeological site in India. Here, it is interesting to note that a tribe, Katodi in Maharashtra eats dog meat at the time of scarcity and famine.

Scanty representation of buffalo bones was found in the faunal assemblage which may account for about 2-3 % in the total collection. Because of close morphological similarity with cattle, some of the bones could not be identified precisely. The skeletal representation of bones of buffalo was more or less identical with those of cattle. One notices almost the same degree of bone representation at other Chalcolithic sites like Nevasa, Nasik, Jorwe, Daimabad, Kaothe and Walki. Unlike cattle, buffalo is not adapted to very harsh climatic conditions hence, the meager amount of buffalo bones at these sites. In all the Chalcolithic sites, the second most important animals in the food economy were the sheep and the goat. However, at Inamgaon, while considering the number of animals killed for food purpose, it was blackbuck. Thus, it can be presumed that the sheep and goat herd structure at Inamgaon was not very significant as it was elsewhere.

The subsistence economy at Inamgaon was not only based on agriculture and animal husbandry. Wild animals consisting of terrestrial, avian and aquatic fauna were exploited in large number throughout the cultural history at Inamgaon, though the maximum exploitation was in the Late Jorwe phase. The bones of wild animals accounted for more than 54 % in the Late Jorwe phase, whereas in the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases they were about 20 % and 13 %, respectively. Among the bones of wild animals,

The skeletal representation of pigs at Inamgaon shows that these animals were not butchered at the site. A few body parts retrieved from

144

they are not found in these districts, except nilgai which is found in the extreme north of Dhule districts whereas, the past distribution was in the south west part of the district. Presently, the blackbucks are absent in Dhule district, but are present in Pune and Ahmadnagar districts, very near to the Chalcolithic sites. Past and present distribution of these animals shows the environmental change from the Chalcolithic period to the present time.

the blackbuck bones alone constituted 41 %, in the Late Jorwe phase. At Inamgaon, blackbucks were the second most important animal in the food economy of the Malwa and the Jorwe people and numerically the bone fragments recovered were more than the cattle bones in the Late Jorwe phase. Almost all types of bones of blackbuck were found at the site. This suggests that these animals were killed within the vicinity and the entire body was brought into the settlement and butchered at the site. Evidence is also available for the consumption of blackbucks’ brain as a number of skulls were found with cut marks on the occipital region of the cranium. Metrical analyses revealed that about 70-75 % of the blackbucks killed were males. This is significant, because while hunting this sort of selection is generally not possible. Thus, probably these animals were killed mainly in the mating season. Blackbucks breed at all seasons, but the main rut is noticed between February and March. This time the bucks fight for the possession of does. The unsuccessful males are driven away from the territory and probably such animals were killed at Inamgaon.

A large number of bone tools and objects made of antlers, bones, shells, ivory, etc. are reported from Inamgaon. Points, punches, chisel and scarpers are the common types of bone tools. These tools were probably used in animal butchering, wood working, pottery designing, etc. Chipping, grinding, polishing and fire hardening are some of the techniques used in the manufacture of these tools. The presence of fish and the shells of marine origin at Inamgaon suggest trading activities with outsiders. Mainly bangles, beads, pendants, etc. were made of Chank shell. The waste products, finished and unfinished shell objects at the site indicate that these ornaments were manufactured at the site. Perforated fish vertebrae also might have been used as pendants. To the west of the site, the nearest sea coast is the Konkan coast which is at least 200 km away. The Chank shell is not available on this sea coast. This species of shell is found on the Saurashtra coast, Tamil Nadu coast and the Bay of Bengal. Considering the long distance to Tamil Nadu coast and the Bay of Bengal, probably the Saurashtra coast could be the source for the procurement of Chank shell. In Saurashtra, shell industry is reported from a majority of the Harappan sites. The Late Harappans of Gujarat had trading contacts with the Chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan which is evident from the Late Harappan phase at Daimabad in the Tapi valley.

A number of phalanges and calcaneum were found with perforations on the lateral side, near the proximal epiphyses. Probably these were beads or pendants in making. In a few bones like astragali, phalanges, centrotarsals and the distal ends of metapodials of blackbucks, the cortex of the bones have been found removed and became shapeless. Probably this is due to the scavenging activity of animals like dog. The bones which are swallowed undergo a lot of changes in the gastric juice of carnivores, resulting in the modification. Rodent activity like gnawing has also been noticed on a few bones. The skeletal representation of bones of Nilgai shows the presence of a large number of nonmeat-bearing parts like the lower extremities of limb bones. The absence of meat-bearing parts is intriguing since no taphonomical factor could be attributed to this animal was butchered at the site. Only the possible explanation could be that the meat of this animal was priced and given in exchange to some outside community.

A majority of the structures in different layers are oriented in the north-east, south-west direction. Spatial analysis of bones from different layers shows that much of the butchering activity was taking place in the central part of the settlement in the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases, as the concentration of nonmeat-bearing parts was found in this area. A very high concentration of meat-bearing parts was noticed in the south-western region of the excavated area, outside the structures. This could be identified as a food refuse dumping area. The extent of non-meat-bearing parts in the central part of the settlement and the concentration of

Other antelopes like chinkara, four-horned antelope and deer species such a sambar, chital, barking deer, hog deer, etc. were found at Inamgaon. Almost the same species of animals were identified at many of the Chalcolithic sites of western Maharashtra from districts Pune, Ahmadnagar, Nasik and Dhule. If one looks at the present day distribution of animals like sambar, chital, barking deer, nilgai and chinkara,

145

the activities of the early farming communities came to an end around 1000 B.C. and the settlements remained unoccupied until the beginning of the Early Historic period. But in the Bhima valley, Inamgaon continued till the end of 700 B.C.

the same in two different localities in layer 7, probably suggest the involvement of more families in the butchering activities in the Malwa and Early Jorwe phases have also given evidences for butchering activity. In the Late Jorwe phase, all the rectangular structures of the earlier two phases were replaced with circular structures. However, the orientation of the structures was similar to the earlier phases. A majority of these circular structures were devoid of faunal remains, probably indicating a change in the functional aspect of these huts. In this phase the extension trenches on the eastern side C, D, E, F, G (2328) have yielded a vast number of animal remains. Interestingly, a couple of rectangular structures were also identified in this area. Much of the activities concerning food habits may have been in the eastern side of the mound. In this phase the refuse dumping area was identified in the eastern side of the excavated area. In the earlier phases the concentration of refuse dump was in the southern as well as in the western part. This shift of activity areas probably was related to the expansion of the settlement. The most outstanding and unique find from Inamgaon was the change in the consumption of animals in the Late Jorwe phase. In the first two phases, cattle were predominant over other animals in the food economy. However, in the Late Jorwe phase greater emphasis was given to hunting wild animals, especially the blackbucks. Culturally this shift in the subsistence economy from the domestic stock to the wild animals is very significant. If one analyses the cultural processes of the Late Jorwe phase, it is quite different from the earlier two phases. The rectangular structures of the settlement were replaced increasingly by circular structures. The botanical evidence indicates greater decline in the agricultural activities. Also the trace element studies on the human skeletal remains from this phase reveal the concentration of copper, zinc, strontium and manganese, suggesting greater dependence on animal food. With the available evidence it is reasonable to think that there was considerable environmental degradation in the Late Jorwe phase and a general decline in the economy which resulted in the hunting of more animals in this phase. Mixed economy of early farmers of Maharashtra was based on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting and fishing. Inamgaon is an important site for the Late Jorwe cultural phase. In all the other Chalcolithic sites of Central India, Western India and the Deccan,

146

References Agrawal, D. P. and Sheela Kusumgar 1968. Tata Institute Radiocarbon Date List V, Radiocarbon 10 (1): 131-143.

Casteel, R. W. 1979. Faunal assemblages and the ‘wiegermethode’ or weight method, Journal of Field Archaeology 5: 71-77.

Ansari, Z. D. and M. K. Dhavalikar 1975. Megalithic burials at Pimpalsuti, Bulletin of the Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute 36 (1-4): 84-88.

Chaplin, R. E. 1971. The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. London and New York: Seminar Press.

Badam G. L. 1977. Faunal Remains from Chalcolithic Inamgaon, Man and Environment 1: 58-60.

Child V. G. 1928. The most ancient East: the Oriental Prelude to European Prehistory. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.

Badam, G. L. 1979. Bone remains, Apegaon Excavations 1976 (S. B. Deo, M. K. Dhavalikar and Z. D. Ansari Eds.), pp.40-49. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and research Institute.

Clason, A. T. 1979. Wild and Domestic Animals in Prehistoric and Early Historic India. Lucknow: Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society. Clutton-Brock, J. 1989. Introduction to domestication, The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism and Predation (J. Clutton-Brock Ed.), pp.7-9. London: UNWIN HYMAN.

Badam, G. L. 1984. Holocene faunal material from India with special reference to domesticated animals, Animals and Archaeology (J. Clutton-Brock and C. Grigson Eds.), 3:339-353. England: British Archaeological Report 202.

Cohen, M. N. 1977. The Food Crisis in Prehistory. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Badam, G. L. 1986. Preliminary Report on the Faunal Remains from Chalcolithic Daimabad, Maharashtra, Archaeological studies, pp.393-100. Varanasi: Bharat Kala Bhavan.

Cook, C. S. and A. E. Treganza 1950. The quantitative Investigation of Indian Mounds with special reference to the relation of physical components to the probable material culture, UC Publication of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 40: 245.

Baker, J. and D. Brothwell 1980. Animal Diseases in Archaeology. London: Academic Press. Bergstrom, P. L. and L.H. von Wijngaarden-Bakker 1983. The metapodia as the predictors of size and weight in cattle, Report No. B 206, Instituut voor Veeteelkudfig Onderzoek Schoonord, Zeist.

Cornwall, I. W. 1956. Bones for the Archaeologist. London: Phoenix House. Davis, S. J. M. 1985. A preliminary Report of the Fauna from Hatoula: a Natufian-Khiamian (PPNA) site near Latroun, Israel, Le site Natoufien-Khiamen de Hatoula, pres de Latroun, Israel (M. Lechevallier and A. Ronen Eds.). Centre de Recherche Francais de Jerusalem. Service de documentation I.

Binford, L. R. 1968. Post-pleistocene adaptations in New Perspectives in Archaeology (S. R. Binford and L. R. Binford Eds.), pp. 313-341. Chicago: Aldine. Boessneck, J. 1956. Ein Beitrag zur Errechnung der Widerristhohe nach metapodienmassen bel Rindern, Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtg und Zuchtgsbiol 68: 75-90.

Davis, S. J. M. 1987. The Archaeology of Animals. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd.

Boessneck, J. 1963. Osteological differences between sheep (Ovis aries Linne.) and goat (Capra hircus Linne.), Science in Archaeology (D. R. Brothwell and E. Higgs Eds.), pp. 331-358. New York: Basic Books.

Deniz, E. and S. Payne 1982. Eruption and wear in the mandibular dentition as a guide to ageing Turkish Angora goats, Ageing and Sexing animal bones from archaeological sites (B. Wilson, C. Grigson and S. Payne Eds.), pp. 155-205. Oxford: BAR British Series 109.

Bokonyi, S. 1970. A new method for the determination of the number of individuals in animal bone material, American Journal of Archaeology 74: 291-292.

Deo, S. B., M. K. Dhavalikar and Z. D. Ansari 1979. Apegaon Excavations 1976. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Bokonyi, S. 1989. Definitions of animal domestication, The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism and Predation (J. Clutton Brock Ed.), pp.22-27. London: UNWIN HYMAN.

Deshpande, C. D. 1948. Western India: A Regional Geography. Dharwar: Students’ Own Book Depot. Deshpande, C. D. 1971. Geography of Maharashtra. New Delhi: National Book Trust of India.

Bose, A. B. 1975. Pastoral Nomadism in India: nature, problems and prospects, Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia (L. S. Leshnik and G. D. Sontheimer Eds.), pp. 1-15. Wiebaden.

Dhavalikar, M. K., H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari 1988 a. Excavations at Inamgaon. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

147

Dhavalikar, M. K. 1988 b. Inamgaon- A Chalcolithic Chiefdom, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.), 1 (2): 1001-1008. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Galton, F. 1883. Inquiry into human faculty and its development, London: Macmillion.

Dhavalikar, M. K. and Z. D. Ansari 1988 c. Other Artifacts, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.), 1 (2): 553-724. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Gazetteer of India 1965.

Dhavalikar, M. K., V. S. Shinde and S. Atre1990 a. Excavations at Kaothe. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

George, J. C. 1955. Identification of bones, Report on the excavations at Nasik and Jorwe 1950-51 (H. D. Sankalia and S. B. Deo Eds), pp. 142-146. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Gauthier, A. 1984. How do I count you? Let me count the ways, BAR International Series 277. pp.237-251.

Gejvall, N. G. 1969. Lerna a pre-classical site in the Argoilid, vol. 1 The fauna, Princeton: American school of classical studies at Athens.

Dhavalikar, M. K., V. S. Shinde and S. Atre 1990 b. Small site archaeology: Excavations at Walki, Bulletin of Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute 50:197-228.

Grant, A. 1975. The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic animals: a brief explanation, The excavations at Portchester Castle 1 (B. Cunliffe ed.), pp.437-450. London: Society of Antiquaries.

Driesch von den 1976. A Guide to the Measurements of Animal Bones from Archaeological sites, Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Grant, A. 1978. Variation in dental attrition in mammals and its relevance to age estimation, Research Problems in Zooarchaeology (D. R. Brothwell, K. D. Thomas and J. Clutton-Brock Eds.), pp. 103-106. London: Institute of Archaeology.

Ducos, P. (translated by Marie Matthews) 1989. Defining Domestication: a clarification, The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism and Predation (J. Clutton-Brock Ed.), pp. 28-30. London: UNWIN HYMAN.

Grant, A. 1982. The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic ungulates, Aging and sexing animal bones from archaeological sites (B. Wilson, C. Grigson and S. Payne Eds.), pp. 155-205. Oxford: BAR British Series 109.

Durest, J. U. 1926. Verleichende Untersuchungs methoden am skelett bei saugern, Handbuch der Bilogischen Arbeitsmethoden, 2:125-530. Berlin and Wien.

Grayson, D.K. 1973. On the methodology of Faunal analysis, American Antiquity 38: 432-439. Grayson D. K. 1979. On the quantification of vertebrate archaeofauna, Advances in Archaeological Methods and Theory (M. B. Schiffer Ed.), 2: 199-237. New York: Academic Press.

During, E. 1985. On relative quantification of faunal remains from archaeological sites, I.S.K.O S. Helsinki. 5: 227-281. Eapen, J. 1960. A report on the animal remains of Nevasa excavations, From History to Prehistory at Nevasa (H. D. Sankalia, S. B. Deo, Z. D. Ansari and S. Ehahardt Eds.). pp. 531-536. Pune Deccan College Postgraduate Research Institute.

Grayson, D. K. 1984. Quantitative Zooarchaeology. Orlando, U.S.A.: Academic Press. Grigson, C. 1982. Sex and age determination of some bones and teeth of domestic cattle: a review of the literature, Aging and sexing animal bones from archaeological sites (B. Wilson, C. Grigson and S. Payne Eds.), pp. 7-24. Oxford: BAR British Series 109.

Edwards, J. K., R. L. Marchinton and G. F. Smith 1982. Pelvic girdle criteria for sex determination of white-tailed deer, Journal of Wildlife Management 46: 544-547.

Grigson, C. 1982. Sexing Neolithic domestic cattle skulls and horn cores, Aging and sexing animal bones from archaeological sites (B. Wilson, C. Grigson and S. Payne Eds.), pp. 25-36. Oxford: BAR British Series 109.

Fieller, N. R. J. and A Turner 1982. Estimation of Number in Vertebrate Samples, Journal of Archaeological Science 9(1): 49-62. Flannery K. V. 1969. Origin and Early Domestication in Iran and the Near East, The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals (P. J. Ucko and G. W. Dimbleby Eds.). Pp.73-100. Gerald, Duckworth, London.

Haak, D. 1965. Metrische Untersuchungen an Rohernknochen Bei Deutchen Merinolandschafen und Heidschnucken Dissetation. Germany: University of Munich.

Fock, J. 1966. Metrische Untersuchungen an metapodien einiger Europaischer Rinderrassen, Dissertation, Munich: University of Munich.

148

Characters, Part I, Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 276-343.

Harcourt, R. A. 1974. The dog in prehistoric and early historic Britain, Journal of Archaeological Science 1: 151-175.

McMeekan, C. P. 1940.Growth and the Development in the Pig, with Special Reference to Carcass Quality Characters, Part II. The influence of the Plane Nutrition on Growth and Development, Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 387-436.

Herre, W. 1963. The Science and History of Domestic Animals, Science in Archaeology (D. R. Brothwell and E. Higgs Eds.), pp. 257-271. New York: Basic Books.

McMeekan, C. P. 1940.Growth and the Development in the Pig, with Special Reference to Carcass Quality Characters, Part III. Effect of the Plane of Nutrition on the form and composition of the Bacon pig, Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 511-569.

Issac, E. 1962. On the domestication of cattle, Science 137: 195-204. Joglekar, P. P. 1992. A biometric approach to the faunal remains of western India with special reference to Kaothe and Walki. Ph. D. Dissertation. Pune: University of Poona.

Moris, P. 1972. A review of mammalian age determination methods, Mammal Review 2:69-104.

Joglekar, P. P. 1993-94. Height at Withers: An Osteometric Approach, Bharati XX, 31-88.

Moris, P. 1978. The use of teeth for estimating the age of wild mammals, Development, function and evolution of teeth (P. M. Butler and K. A. Joysey Eds.), pp.483-494. New York: Academic Press.

Joglekar, P. P. and P. K. Thomas 1995. Faunal Diversity at Walki –A Small Chalcolithic Settlement in Western Maharashtra, Bulletin of the Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute 53 (1993): 75-94.

Nath, A. 1988-89. Excavation Adam, District Nagpur Indian Archaeology 1988-89 –A Review, pp. 50-62.

Kajale, M. D. 1988 a. Plant Economy, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.) 1 (2): 727-821. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Pappu, R. S. 1988. Site Catchment Analysis, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.) 1 (1): 107-120. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Kajale, M. D. 1988 b. Ancient Plant Economy at Tuljapur Garhi, District Amravati, Maharashtra, Current Science 57 (7): 377-379.

Pawankar, S.J. and P. K. Thomas 1997. Fauna and Subsistence Pattern in the Chalcolithic Culture of Western India, With Special Reference to Inamgaon, Anthropozoologica Proceedings of the 7th International Conference for Archaeozoology, ICAZ, Constance, Germany, September 1994 (M. Kokabi and J. Wahl Eds.) 25-26, pp. 737-746.

Khan, E. 1975. The role of man and environment in the development of domestic animal, Archaeozoological Studies (A. T. Clason Ed.), pp. 358-361. North Holland, Amsterdam.

Pawankar, S. J. and P. K. Thomas 2001. Osteological Differences between Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Goat (Capra hircus) and Sheep (Ovis aries), Man and Environment XXVI (1) pp.109-126. Pune: Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies

Kieswalter, L. 1888. Skelettmessungen an pferden als Beitrag zur theoritischen Grundlge der Beurteilungslehre der pferdes, Dissertation. Germany: University of Leipzig. Klein, R. G. and K. Cruz-Uribe 1984. The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archaeological site, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Pawankar, S. J. 2001. Animal Bones Modifications: A case study at Inamgaon, a Chalcolithic Site in India, Pratnatattva 5: 37-40. Dhaka: Department of Archaeology, Jahangirnagr University.

Krantz, G. S. 1968. A new method of counting mammal bones, American Journal of Archaeology 72: 286-288.

Payne, S. and P. J. Munson 1986. Rubyand how many squirrels ? the destruction of bones by dogs. Oxford, BAR.

Kubasiewicz, M. 1956. O metodyce badan wykipalisko wych szczatkow kostnych sqierzecych, Materaly Zachodnio-Pomorskie 2: 235-244. Lauwerier, R. C. G.M. 1988. Animals in Roman times in the Dutch Eastern River Area.Amsterdam: R. O. B.

Perkins, D. (Jr.) 1973. A critique on the methods of quantifying faunal remains from archaeological sites, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Haustiere (J. Matolcsi Ed.), pp. 367-369. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.

Matolcsi, J. 1970. Historische Erforschung der Korpergrosse der Rinder auf Grund von Ungarischen Knochen Material, Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungs biologie 87: 89-128.

Pitts, G. C. and T. R. Bullard 1968. Some Inter specific Aspects of Body Composition in Mammals, Body Composition in Animals and Man, pp. 49-69. National Research Council, Washington D. C.: National Academy of Science.

McMeekan, C. P. 1940.Growth and the Development in the Pig, with Special Reference to Carcass Quality

149

Teichert, M. 1990. Withers Height Calculation: Remarks and Experience, paper presented at VI conference of ICAZ, Washington D.C.

Prater, S. H. 1965. The Book of Indian Animals, Bombay: Bombay Natural History Society.

Thomas, P. K. 1975. Role of Animals in the Food Economy of the Mesolithic Culture of Western and Central India, Archaeozoological studies (A. T. Clason Ed.), pp.322-328. Amsterdam: North Holland.

Prummel, W. 1983. Excavations at Dorestad 2, Early Medieval Dorestad an Archaeozoological study. Amersfoot: R. O. B. Prummel, W. and Hans-Jorg Frisch 1986. A Guide for the distinction of Species, Sex and Body side in Bones of Sheep and Goat, Journal of Archaeological Science 13:567-577.

Thomas, P. K. 1977. Archaeozoological Aspects of the Prehistoric Culture of Western India, Ph. D. Dissertation. Pune: University of Poona.

Rajaguru, S.N. 1973. Late Pleistocene Climatic Change in Western India, Radiocarbon and Indian Archaeology (D. P. Agrawal and A. Ghosh Eds.), 8788. Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Thomas P. K. 1979. Archaeozoological Aspects of Prehistoric Culture of Prabhas Patan, Archaeozoology (M. Kubasiewicz Ed.), 1: 176-186. Szczecin, Poland: Agricultural Academy.

Rajaguru, S. N. 1988. Environment, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.) 1 (1): 9-14. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Thomas, P. K. 1980-81. A preliminary report of the animal remains from Ramapuram, Dist. Kurnool, A.P., Indian Archaeology – A Review 1980-81, p.7. Thomas, P. K. 1984 a. Faunal background of the Chalcolithic culture of Western India, Animals and Archaeology (J. Clutton-Brock and C. Grigson Eds.),3: 355-361. England: British Archaeological Report 202.

Reed, C. A. 1963. Osteoarchaeology, Science in Archaeology (D. R. Brothwell and E. Higgs Eds.), PP. 215. New York: Basic Books. Reed, C. A. 1984. The beginning of animal domestication, Evolution of domesticated animals (I. L. Mason Ed.), pp. 1-6. England: Longman Group Limited.

Thomas, P. K. 1984 b. Fauna assemblage of Veerapuram, Veerapuram a type site for cultural study in the Krishna valley (T. V. G. Sastri, M. Kasturi Bai, J. Vera Prasad Rao Eds.), pp. i-xi, Hyderabad: Bhavani Printers.

Reynolds, W. W. and W. J. Karlotki 1977. The allometric relationship of skeleton weight to body weight in Teleost Fishes: A preliminary comparison with birds and mammals, Copeia, pp. 160-163.

Thomas, P. K. 1988. Faunal assemblage, Excavations at Inamgaon (M. K. Dhavalikar, H. D. Sankalia and Z. D. Ansari Eds.) 1 (2): 822-961. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.

Sali, S. A. 1986. Daimabad 1976-79. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India.

Thomas, P. K. 1989. Utilization of domestic animals in pre and protohistoric India, The Walking Larder: Patterns of Domestication, Pastoralism and Predation (J. Clutton-Brock ed.), pp.108-112. London: UNWIN HYMAN.

Sankalia, H. D. and S. B. Deo 1955. Report on the Excavations at Nasik and Jorwe 1950-51. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Sankalia, H. D., S.B. Deo, Z. D. Ansari and S. Ehahardt 1960. From History to Prehistory at Nevasa, Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Schramm, Z. 1967. Long bones and height at withers in goat, Rocziki Wyzazcj Szkoly Roiniczey W Pozaniu 36: 89-105.

Thomas, P. K. and P. P. Joglekar 1990. Faunal remains, Excavations at Kaothe (M. K. Dhavalikar, V. Shinde and S. Atre Eds.), pp. 233-264. Pune: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Thomas, P. K. 1992 a. Faunal Assemblage and Subsistence Strategies at Tuljapur Garhi, Man and Environment 17 (2):71-74.

Silver, I.A. 1963. The Aging of Domestic Animals, Science in Archaeology (D. R. Brothwell and E. Higgs Eds.), pp. 283-302. New York: Basic Books.

Thomas, P. K. 1992 b. Faunal Assemblage of the Iron Age Culture of Maharashtra, Man and Environment 17 (2): 75-79.

Singh, R. L. 1971. India – A Regional Geography, Varanasi: N. G. S. I.

Thomas, P. K. and P. P. Joglekar 1994. Holocene Faunal Studies in India, Man and Environment 18 (12):179-203.

Taber, R. D. 1956. Characteristics of the pelvic girdle in relation to sex in black-tailed and white-tailed deer, California Department of Fish and Game 42:15-21.

Thomas, P. K. (in press) Faunal remains from the Megalithic habitation at Naikund.

150

Wijngaarden-Bakker, L. H. and P.L. Bergstrom 1988. Estimation of the shoulder height of cattle, Archeozoologia 2 (1.2): 67-82. The Acts of the fifth International Conference of Archaeozoology Bordeaux- August 1986.

Thomas, P. K. and P. P. Joglekar. (in press) Faunal remains from Adam. Tonapi, G. T. 1980. Fresh water animals of India. New Delhi: Oxford – IBH.

Zalkin, V. I. 1960. Metapodial variation and its significance for the study of ancient cattle, Bull. Moskova obshch Ispit. Pri. Biol .n.. s. 65 (1): 109-126.

Uerpmann, H. P. 1973. Animal bone finds and economic archaeology: a critical study of osteoarchaeological methods, World Archaeology 4: 307322.

Zalkin, V. I. 1970. Drevniejsije domasnije zivotnije vostochoj Europy, Moskova.

White, T. E. 1953. A method of calculating the dietary percentage of various food animals utilized by aboriginal people, American Antiquity 18: 396-398.

Zeuner, F. E. 1963. A history of domesticated animals. London: Hutchinson.

151

Appendix A A.1. Abbreviations used in the tables of measurements of bone Scapula • • • •

Greatest length of the Processus articularis (glenoid cavity) Length of the glenoid cavity Breadth of the glenoid cavity Smallest length of the neck of the scapula

• • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the diaphysis Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis

GL DD BP TP BD TD

• • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the diaphysis Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis

GL DD BP TP BD TD

• • •

Greatest length Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Smallest depth of the olecranon

GL BP SDD

GLP LG BG SLC

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Metacarpal and Metatarsal • • • • • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the diaphysis Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis Width of the single distal trochlea Thickness of the sagital ridge Thickness of the lateral trochlea

GL DD BP TP BD TD WT TT TLT

•

Length of acetabulum

LA

• • • • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the diaphysis Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis Length of the femur head Thickness of the femur head

GL DD BP TP BD TD LC TC

Pelvis

Femur

152

Tibia • • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the diaphysis Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis

GL DD BP TP BD TD

Greatest length Lateral length Medial length Lateral thickness Medial thickness Width of the distal trochlea

GL GLL GLM TL TM BD

Greatest length Greatest breadth

GL GB

Greatest Breadth

GB

Astragalus • • • • • • Calcaneum • • Centrotarsal •

First and Second Phalanges • • • • •

Greatest length Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis Breadth of the distal epiphysis Thickness of the distal epiphysis

GL BP TP BD TD

Greatest length Dorsal length Breadth of the proximal epiphysis Thickness of the proximal epiphysis

GL DL BP TP

Third Phalanx • • • •

153

A.2. Measurements of Bones of Bos indicus in mm. Table A.2.1. Measurements of Scapula of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg. No. 1721 3992 2826 2827 2281 6663 6664 7912 1895 1896 3701 5213 3776 4666 4997 4705 4892 4893 2883 6161 6288

Trench G11 G4 D10 D10 E10 F24 F24 Hno.108 E10 E10 A3 B3 F8 A5 C2 F3 Hno.71 Hno.71 D5 Hno.75 B3

Layer 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 9 12 14

GLP 00.00 00.00 00.00 79.37 58.59 00.00 00.00 67.25 00.00 00.00 68.30 00.00 69.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.05 70.03 00.00 68.00

LG 50.00 53.00 49.72 61.28 50.39 45.30 48.40 55.50 49.63 62.56 58.15 58.90 57.25 56.80 52.60 49.45 52.00 56.88 56.80 59.60 56.40

BG 36.96 47.30 40.88 50.23 38.63 36.10 43.65 44.60 40.30 49.72 45.85 48.00 44.80 50.20 4.50 45.10 43.75 44.70 51.25 46.80 43.85

Table A.2.2. Measurements of Humerus of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1092 1499 3699 3879 3681 4397 4740 680 5336 5337 5434

Trench H7 G4 A3 B6 C6 B6 C1 A1 D5 D5 E13

Layer 2 6 6 6 8 8 8 11 11 11 15

BD 00.00 55.54 79.35 68.30 62.56 68.10 75.68 77.31 72.40 68.55 84.15

TD 37.27 43.70 36.50 30.15 29.93 32.55 00.00 31.32 31.25 31.85 35.00

Table A.2.3. Measurements of Radius of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 36 60 315 332 386 1018 1019 8077 848 2101 3027 3993 3994 2256 3256 6578 2967 4660

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP E10 E10 F24 F12 G6 F10 G4 G4 F11 D10 F25 D10 Hno111

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4

BP 78.85 00.00 60.95 75.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.62 00.00 66.67 72.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 78.60 00.00 00.00

TP 38.11 00.00 31.61 37.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.81 00.00 33.32 37.25 00.00 35.05 00.00 36.63 00.00 00.00

154

BD 00.00 67.60 00.00 00.00 62.64 55.82 55.88 61.20 00.00 70.06 00.00 00.00 61.70 00.00 76.05 00.00 47.05 69.05

TD 00.00 43.52 00.00 00.00 31.59 42.84 42.96 35.55 00.00 46.46 00.00 00.00 34.95 00.00 50.60 00.00 34.70 49.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4121 3707 584 3661 4860 4141 4265 34 4686 5196 5223 5554 5625 5511 5304 5461 5462 5670 6079 5477 5663 5702

C3 A3 E6 DB1 C0 XA3B B2 C1 B6 C3 E1 E9 D7 Hno85 E3 B1 B1 A4 B5 D3 A5 E9

5 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 11 11 12 12 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15

00.00 00.00 72.95 64.84 83.35 00.00 73.00 00.00 79.95 00.00 74.00 00.00 73.85 00.00 65.68 68.18 72.75 00.00 67.35 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 35.25 34.14 34.40 44.95 00.00 36.30 00.00 40.95 00.00 37.60 00.00 36.40 00.00 32.65 33.80 36.08 00.00 34.96 00.00 00.00 00.00

62.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.47 00.00 65.66 00.00 51.95 00.00 59.60 00.00 44.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.25 00.00 66.50 60.30 50.60

41.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.95 00.00 39.78 00.00 29.10 00.00 40.75 00.00 29.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 35.60 00.00 48.25 35.90 31.10

BD 68.74 80.75 00.00 00.00

TD 43.95 50.65 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 35.79 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.67 29.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.34 32.16 00.00 30.11 23.61

BD 58.67 00.00 00.00 55.05 50.30 50.89 00.00 00.00 50.50 54.24 55.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.2.4. Measurements of Ulna of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg. No. 2109 2560 6113 667 5892 7685 5912 5478 2508

Trench G6 F11 Hno105 Hno110 E25 G25 B3 D3 D3

Layer 2 2 4 4 4 4 14 15 16

BP 34.19 31.36 38.50 31.33 44.05 00.00 41.42 41.20 40.61

SDD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.77 46.20 00.00 00.00

Table A.2.5. Measurements of Radius and Ulna of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2247 7140 2977 3898

Trench F11 G24 B3 B3C3

Layer 3 4 5 8

BP 00.00 00.00 69.85 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 35.00 35.97

Table A.2.6. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 195 316 317 390 6352 1096 2717 2038 3867 1165 3971 2084 1586 1617 2825 3008

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP A3B3 G4 G6 G7 D25 G10 G4 G6 H5 H5 D10 F10

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 57.65 59.53 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.13 52.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.47 51.18 00.00 52.73 39.69

155

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.85 27.43 00.00 00.00 27.95 30.83 35.24 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

WT 26.41 00.00 00.00 25.52 23.40 24.18 00.00 00.00 22.95 30.32 26.86 00.00 00.00 23.62 00.00 00.00

TT 32.52 00.00 00.00 31.45 30.65 27.04 00.00 00.00 27.90 25.00 32.95 00.00 00.00 30.31 00.00 00.00

TLT 19.84 00.00 00.00 22.58 23.35 22.28 00.00 00.00 21.55 21.41 24.75 00.00 00.00 21.52 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3572 4988 2851 3254 4088 4089 1256 1893 2625 4354 1525 5893 5894 5969 7252 7139 3811 4337 4419 4420 5048 4426 1838 1844 7930 627 628 629 4395 861 5129 4246 4937 4953 3666 3667 3781 3893 3894 3895 3737 2885 4239 4212 *4811 5715 5266 3 6211 5788 5321 5322 5323 5548 5089 5442 6313 4797 6069 4818 6030 6002 2500

I10 C2 G3 D10 D10 D10 D25 E10 H10 C1 E10 E25 E25 F25 Hno104 G24 E8 F8

B1 E7 G4 G4 Hno51 B5 B5 B5 B6 D5 D7 E1 E6 E6 E8 E8 X4 B3C3 B3C3 B3C3 Hno.69 D5 E4 B4D13 B0 B6 C0 B2 B6 Hno74 Hno79 Hno79 Hno79 B2 B3 A5 B0 B5 B0 Hno87 A5 D3

2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 40.50 41.91 00.00 50.90 00.00 00.00 62.65 00.00 38.70 00.00 47.10 54.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.81 51.35 49.95 00.00 00.00 53.63 52.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.36 44.70 00.00 00.00 45.40 49.00 00.00 51.90 00.00 00.00 57.70 20.55 53.90 58.38 00.00 54.75 61.30 54.30 60.40 00.00 00.00 50.75 00.00 51.70 50.15 00.00 64.55 57.05 58.85 64.20

156

00.00 25.95 28.31 00.00 30.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.70 00.00 27.20 32.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.30 30.35 28.55 00.00 00.00 31.41 31.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.98 28.93 00.00 00.00 26.35 29.55 00.00 31.63 00.00 00.00 33.80 15.35 34.65 35.05 00.00 32.70 37.00 32.26 37.75 00.00 00.00 31.95 00.00 30.40 26.35 00.00 38.75 34.05 31.55 38.81

55.27 00.00 00.00 53.74 00.00 55.45 00.00 00.00 53.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.35 52.25 52.10 54.28 56.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.95 53.52 00.00 00.00 53.55 48.50 59.62 58.73 48.69 52.30 00.00 57.90 00.00 00.00 48.54 50.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 49.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.90 55.44 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

30.25 00.00 00.00 28.90 00.00 31.15 00.00 00.00 29.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.95 28.70 28.20 30.63 30.28 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.70 29.28 00.00 00.00 28.65 28.09 32.21 31.55 26.34 30.30 00.00 33.45 00.00 00.00 26.46 19.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.37 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.67 28.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

24.85 00.00 00.00 25.10 00.00 25.65 21.17 00.00 24.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.55 24.60 24.20 26.17 26.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.89 24.84 00.00 00.00 25.96 22.30 27.07 28.20 23.52 23.65 23.52 28.25 00.00 00.00 22.32 23.30 00.00 00.00 27.00 00.00 28.91 24.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.65 27.00 00.00 30.05 00.00 00.00 23.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

30.00 00.00 00.00 25.10 00.00 30.30 30.71 00.00 29.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.45 28.42 28.10 29.94 29.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.60 28.98 00.00 00.00 28.65 27.27 31.35 31.60 25.50 30.10 29.26 32.05 00.00 00.00 26.05 28.77 00.00 00.00 32.50 00.00 31.50 29.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.32 28.37 00.00 33.62 00.00 00.00 29.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

20.36 00.00 00.00 20.90 00.00 22.10 23.97 00.00 22.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.80 20.05 19.50 20.60 23.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.45 21.82 00.00 00.00 22.17 18.95 23.45 24.05 20.63 23.05 20.87 25.50 00.00 00.00 21.35 20.30 00.00 00.00 23.70 00.00 23.25 22.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.75 20.40 00.00 23.30 00.00 00.00 20.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.2.7. Measurements of Metapodium of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5281 5282 8078 1698 2347 2348 1993 1444 6655 7506 6653 6654 6651 7505 3218 3217 3478 4092 4091 1238 1239 1890 6575 6576 6572 6573 6574 2228 2211 4355 1378 3059 8029 5885 7680 4781 4564 5210 515 1509 1510 1511 1507 4196 4267 4269 4270 4268 4848 4991 4989 4990 4550 4385 4386 3680 4408 4825 860

Trench LJP LJP F24 G11

D10 D25 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 G11 G11 H7 D10 D10 D25 D25 E10 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G10 G10 C1 E1 H7 E24 E25 G25 B0 E5&B0 B3 F3 G4 G4 G4 G4 E8 B2 B2 B2 B2 B5 C2 C2 C2 C4 C5 C5 C6 C7 D3 D5

Layer 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

BD 00.00 47.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.60 49.65 00.00 00.00 55.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 54.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.20 00.00 00.00 46.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.95 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 29.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.00 30.65 00.00 00.00 31.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.20 00.00 00.00 28.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.12 00.00 00.00 00.00

157

WT 18.50 22.50 24.22 26.28 29.25 23.62 27.50 25.20 24.25 30.75 31.90 24.40 23.44 23.30 20.75 26.50 25.70 23.05 22.80 26.48 23.68 26.35 24.43 21.55 25.00 28.15 26.60 28.26 23.71 27.70 25.95 25.00 25.55 28.90 23.85 22.15 22.65 21.10 25.05 27.45 27.10 25.44 23.82 21.40 27.10 23.66 25.13 25.55 22.80 25.35 22.35 28.95 23.30 21.80 21.78 20.44 27.80 20.05 24.21

TT 30.25 29.35 28.65 30.74 34.94 29.52 33.19 28.44 29.46 32.80 33.16 29.20 28.05 30.00 26.80 33.55 30.47 29.45 30.25 31.62 30.71 27.74 29.77 27.10 29.15 31.90 30.15 33.68 22.00 29.88 29.80 28.50 31.25 30.50 29.60 28.31 27.90 27.50 29.22 33.67 30.49 00.00 26.73 27.65 33.48 29.30 32.20 31.60 25.07 29.90 27.75 31.32 29.14 28.90 28.24 27.05 33.50 24.75 28.33

TLT 23.64 21.50 21.35 23.34 26.94 21.16 22.40 21.57 21.20 22.50 24.55 23.15 21.70 23.35 17.92 25.86 22.00 20.65 21.75 23.61 21.04 21.82 21.90 18.90 21.00 23.93 23.05 25.53 00.00 21.53 22.05 22.36 21.86 21.80 20.65 20.55 21.20 19.05 22.80 25.25 24.05 21.33 19.89 21.05 25.08 21.30 22.78 24.40 19.25 22.10 19.25 25.15 20.80 19.75 20.20 21.00 23.39 19.70 18.94

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5130 5074 5064 4944 4943 4942 4940 4939 4941 4938 4615 4617 3896 4138 4709 4895 3068 4501 4213 605 4839 5234 5225 5698 6130 3697 4181 4284 5755 5846 6273 5326 5325 6142 6143 5091 4681 5672 5673 5915 6078 6077 6263 4800 4799 4798 5662 5586 5585 5587 6033 6031 6032

D7 E5 E5 E6 E6 E6 E6 E6 E6 E6 E7 E7 B3&C3 X3&B2 Hno61 Hno71 C4 D2 B4&D13 C2 E1 C3 C3 C5 D4 B1 B1 C2 C4 C6 C8 Hno79 Hno79 Hno83 Hno83 B2 B0 A4 A4 B3 B5 B5 E9 B0 B0 B0 A5 E3 E3 E3 Hno87 Hno87 Hno87

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.32 00.00 00.00 51.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.00 00.00 00.00 51.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.60 00.00 00.00 28.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.80 00.00 00.00 31.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.2.8. Measurements of Pelvis of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg. No. 1826 4427

Trench F10 E7

Layer 3 7

LA 65.54 70.95

158

23.55 23.70 22.55 24.50 00.00 27.31 23.60 24.10 2.85 20.55 22.70 24.20 27.50 22.25 25.60 27.00 23.96 23.70 26.04 21.30 24.05 24.54 21.50 25.90 23.75 22.90 22.45 29.85 25.55 30.45 23.35 24.00 25.10 23.70 24.35 24.07 22.30 26.36 22.50 23.35 21.80 29.65 26.85 24.56 29.85 29.53 26.10 28.80 27.45 26.00 26.75 23.16 26.05

29.30 29.40 28.55 2815 31.55 30.30 27.68 31.91 31.95 27.30 28.85 30.74 31.25 28.29 30.85 30.62 29.53 28.25 29.60 26.31 30.50 31.15 26.35 31.65 30.70 29.35 26.60 00.00 28.00 34.00 31.20 28.05 28.60 30.20 30.30 28.48 28.60 30.55 27.85 27.97 27.15 33.26 31.05 30.95 30.68 30.62 30.00 32.40 31.70 30.55 33.50 29.40 33.40

20.20 21.40 21.23 18.75 22.55 24.90 20.57 24.55 21.85 21.10 19.95 20.65 25.05 28.80 21.55 23.95 22.58 23.35 21.15 18.83 21.70 21.45 18.21 21.65 23.20 20.33 18.85 26.40 21.90 26.35 21.55 19.56 22.05 22.60 21.28 20.25 20.48 22.25 20.60 20.95 19.80 25.57 20.60 23.88 24.66 23.54 22.57 24.05 20.83 23.85 25.70 21.80 23.35

Table A.2.9. Measurements of Femur of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2616 3337 3763 293 3995 2453 4218 4197 4560 6120 4398 4743 4595 6216 5493 6265

Trench G6 F11 I11 F26 G4 F25-26 A3 E8 Hno51 B6 C1 E3 B6 C1 E9

Layer 1 1 1 2 2 3 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 12 14 14

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 94.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

LC 63.50 00.00 55.68 53.30 56.75 47.40 49.79 00.00 57.88 56.65 63.88 65.77 00.00 58.60 64.25 61.45

TC 42.90 44.00 42.85 41.29 41.55 39.02 40.80 42.15 44.88 38.25 46.40 46.55 41.30 41.30 47.86 48.05

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 58.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.37 65.37 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.65 00.00 70.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 60.85 00.00 00.00 39.94 34.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 74.70 00.00

Table A.2.10. Measurements of Tibia of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 33 44 148 149 150 353 2163 32 2110 3591 6656 2318 3464 4087 2452 6114 353 3702 4209 4240 4200 4299 4372 381 966 4142 4399 4554 4945 5127 5186 700 5197 4288 6299 5841 5495 5913 6289 5390

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP Hno132 F27 G6 I6 F24 E10 H7 D10 F25-26 Hno105 A3 D8&E7 E4 E8 E4 E5 E2 X3B2 B6 C4 E6 D7 D6 B1 C3 C2 Hno81 B3 C1 B3 B3 C3

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 12 12 13 14 14 14 15

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 35.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

159

BD 55.72 53.99 49.82 58.21 60.73 59.84 52.01 53.61 60.10 00.00 56.10 00.00 59.60 53.45 49.57 62.45 60.62 55.56 60.05 53.65 47.85 00.00 51.39 62.68 00.00 00.00 55.35 58.98 52.75 55.25 53.15 55.90 51.65 00.00 63.10 61.35 42.30 57.75 00.00 53.63

TD 48.80 43.58 28.89 45.67 44.62 47.66 39.78 42.26 00.00 00.00 42.90 00.00 45.15 40.85 37.22 48.77 46.58 43.88 44.35 42.27 38.45 00.00 38.50 48.48 00.00 00.00 40.55 44.68 00.00 45.00 43.35 43.66 40.50 51.93 50.15 45.70 31.80 00.00 00.00 41.75

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5637 5703 2509

C5 E9 D3

15 15 16

00.00 16.70 00.00

00.00 00.00 61.41

00.00 00.00 49.73

49.15 36.05 00.00

36.75 25.65 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 24.89 23.93 24.45 23.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 38.37 43.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.84 00.00 00.00 37.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.15 00.00 00.00 44.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.00 00.00 00.00 38.90 00.00

BD 53.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.84 49.30 52.89 53.77 00.00 49.54 00.00 00.00 55.75 00.00 51.25 00.00 50.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.49 00.00 00.00 47.15 00.00 48.40 56.65 61.97 00.00 56.75 00.00 00.00 50.30 50.25 45.94 48.80 00.00 54.65 48.34 00.00 00.00 54.39 00.00 47.12 00.00 58.77 00.00 48.75 55.26 00.00 54.25 50.45 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 24.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.17 29.20 30.15 32.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.55 00.00 30.32 00.00 30.63 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.83 00.00 00.00 26.60 00.00 27.78 33.60 00.00 00.00 31.45 00.00 00.00 28.25 28.60 27.03 28.30 00.00 31.08 28.47 00.00 00.00 30.31 00.00 28.83 00.00 34.15 00.00 29.52 30.37 00.00 32.00 28.85 00.00 00.00

Table A.2.11. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 194 389 2039 2040 2041 2042 1164 3970 2824 3016 7582 1349 3195 3476 3477 3255 4090 2207 2208 1279 4876 4878 2961 5968 7138 6842 6843 4646 4568 37 1508 4557 7931 5047 4384 4667 859 5128 4616 3897 732 4891 4894 711 4594 601 6060 5529 6018 4180 810 5844 5845 6156 5671 6286

Trench LJP LJP G7 G7 G7 G7 G10 G4 D10 F10 F26 G11 G11 H7 H7 D10 D10 G10 G10 G11 Hno107 Hno107 D10 F25 G24 G26 G26 Hno111 E5&B1 G4 X3 Hno51 B1 C5 D4 D5 D7 E7 B3&C3 Hno7073 Hno71 Hno71 B1 E3 C2 D7 D8 E3 B1 C1 C6 C6 Hno75 A4 B3

Layer 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 14 14

DD 28.28 27.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 22.49 21.80 22.98 21.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.08 45.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.48 00.00 00.00 40.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.58 00.00 00.00 46.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.85 00.00 00.00 42.22 00.00

160

WT 24.28 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.70 24.00 23.87 25.29 29.45 22.60 00.00 00.00 25.10 20.70 23.70 00.00 24.44 23.40 00.00 23.72 23.32 22.10 00.00 21.85 23.70 21.85 27.95 30.26 26.43 26.15 23.85 23.20 25.08 23.95 21.47 22.30 24.50 25.29 26.88 00.00 23.60 24.48 00.00 23.43 28.25 25.70 22.20 22.10 25.93 00.00 25.90 23.10 00.00 23.95

TT 30.77 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.79 28.36 30.00 32.19 34.25 28.13 00.00 00.00 30.20 29.05 30.00 00.00 29.68 31.76 00.00 30.60 29.77 27.50 00.00 26.55 29.50 27.70 32.93 37.02 33.43 30.36 29.50 29.40 28.77 28.00 26.43 28.10 28.46 30.70 22.85 00.00 28.27 30.30 00.00 28.82 30.15 33.67 27.00 28.80 30.08 00.00 31.65 28.65 00.00 29.45

TLT 22.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.12 21.76 22.55 23.17 24.55 20.64 00.00 00.00 21.19 19.85 23.05 00.00 23.11 00.00 00.00 23.05 22.24 20.60 00.00 21.10 20.50 20.55 25.23 27.84 23.56 24.35 21.85 21.51 21.19 20.75 21.39 21.75 21.0 24.00 21.08 00.00 20.85 21.27 00.00 23.43 24.05 24.60 18.75 19.70 20.10 00.00 24.75 21.35 00.00 22.50

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6287 5489 5645 5379 5581 5582 5583 5584

B3 C1 C6 C3 E3 E3 E3 E3

14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.35 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.70 49.65 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.95 49.60 00.00 00.00

00.00 48.65 49.65 57.50 00.00 00.00 58.20 00.00

00.00 27.69 20.20 32.95 00.00 00.00 31.30 00.00

29.65 22.98 21.75 27.07 00.00 00.00 26.85 26.30

Table A.2.12. Measurements of Astragalus of Bos indicus Site

Reg.No.

Trench

Layer

GL

GLL

GLM

TL

TM

BD

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1159 1163 8179 8180 1120 2036 1002 3322 3323 7387 1173 1657 2141 2336 2338 2339 1569 1093 1989 2820 2821 2822 1151 7504 2761 7910 622 4475 8182 8181 3451 4084 4085 4086 2011 2012 2312 2313 6569 2441 2221 1294 1295 1309 933 934 935 7726 7897 2643

EMBANK EMBANK

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

71.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 75.20 68.43 00.00 00.00 64.92 70.00 60.10 63.97 69.23 62.58 70.44 00.00 71.54 00.00 68.89 59.80 64.95 65.38 00.00 65.06 63.30 70.60 00.00 67.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.38 65.82 62.85 68.24 53.85 69.13 00.00 64.55 55.59 00.00 61.41 65.59 00.00 65.33 58.42 54.39 74.55 00.00 00.00

69.56 00.00 62.90 69.80 73.72 67.48 00.00 00.00 64.54 69.55 58.50 63.89 67.25 62.54 68.09 00.00 70.41 00.00 68.44 59.22 63.67 64.15 67.12 64.98 62.18 69.55 67.51 66.69 63.00 60.00 00.00 64.85 64.52 61.27 68.14 53.54 00.00 00.00 64.45 55.37 00.00 61.07 64.64 61.67 64.91 58.20 53.61 73.95 00.00 00.00

64.08 56.97 58.30 63.20 66.84 64.17 50.50 48.65 59.04 64.40 54.08 59.99 60.89 58.03 63.32 00.00 62.44 00.00 61.37 55.08 57.90 61.41 00.00 58.45 57.44 62.10 00.00 61.00 58.42 54.90 62.75 60.25 59.00 57.65 61.91 50.08 60.64 00.00 60.33 52.32 61.14 57.54 60.59 00.00 58.63 53.56 50.64 65.10 62.35 62.58

39.39 00.00 40.90 42.50 40.46 37.13 00.00 00.00 34.75 36.90 30.32 32.78 34.76 34.24 38.18 00.00 36.60 28.45 35.21 32.75 32.82 35.72 34.08 34.75 34.38 00.00 38.47 34.85 39.55 36.82 36.12 36.15 35.35 33.20 37.08 29.32 00.00 32.95 33.45 31.25 00.00 32.39 34.06 31.77 34.84 30.91 31.68 37.90 36.88 00.00

38.83 00.00 31.83 36.50 42.43 38.91 31.11 28.58 37.35 37.60 33.73 35.97 35.21 34.73 39.34 00.00 37.53 28.92 37.35 33.92 33.83 36.78 00.00 35.70 34.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.43 30.00 35.46 37.05 35.75 35.45 37.96 29.85 37.86 00.00 34.40 30.56 36.53 31.61 35.03 00.00 35.58 32.90 31.65 38.77 38.10 35.62

40.29 00.00 34.10 35.50 00.00 45.13 00.00 00.00 39.00 43.75 39.11 38.41 40.69 40.82 42.68 33.74 42.44 00.00 36.45 39.54 37.33 43.33 00.00 41.27 37.59 00.00 00.00 39.55 33.05 29.80 40.58 43.40 38.60 39.00 41.55 34.19 00.00 00.00 36.70 36.14 39.08 38.64 38.87 00.00 38.26 34.78 34.28 44.55 00.00 40.86

I11 I11 G4 G7 E10 F11 F11 F26 G10 G11 Hno132

H5 H7 D10 D10 D10 D10 E10 F24 H11 Hno108 Hno125 Hno129 D8 A3 H7 D10 D10 D10 D24 D24 E10 E10 F25 F25-26 G10 G11 G11 G11 G12 G12 G12 G26 G27 H11

161

30.30 27.66 28.02 32.65 00.00 00.00 30.85 34.25

22.50 21.36 19.40 22.90 00.00 00.00 22.90 25.15

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3891 1809 3049 8001 7676 7677 7678 8183 8184 8203 8201 8197 8200 4136 4364 4298 8195 8193 4260 4261 4162 8192 636 637 8188 8207 4734 4735 4736 8204 8209 8198 8194 871 5177 5178 8189 8202 8206 8190 8191 968 5062 5078 4947 8187 8185 8199 8196 4710 8205 3062 3063 8208 797 4502 2880 2881 2882 4241 4233 681 5104

B3&C3 H5 H7 F24 G25 G25 G25 C8 F8 B6 E3 B3 B3 C3 E1 E4 E5 A5 B2 B2 B2 B3 B5 B5 B6 B6 C1 C1 C1 C4 C4 D1 D3 D5 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D8 D9 E2 E5 E5 E6 E7 F3 G3 C1 Hno61 B5 C4 C4 C4 C5 D2 D5 D5 D5 E4 C1 A1 C1

3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 11

66.89 59.19 61.08 60.00 65.53 65.75 66.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 71.86 65.67 00.00 00.00 00.00 64.51 63.34 71.70 00.00 60.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.37 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.26 71.35 00.00 67.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.48 61.59 00.00 67.49 70.60 63.41 60.25 66.49 00.00 59.75 64.64 00.00

66.69 57.92 60.92 59.85 65.15 65.65 65.45 64.40 62.20 58.00 59.40 64.30 67.60 71.11 65.25 00.00 70.40 68.14 64.40 63.29 71.09 62.10 60.83 00.00 60.52 65.90 00.00 63.67 70.55 63.80 61.50 63.65 65.13 00.00 64.85 64.35 63.60 66.40 64.80 66.80 67.40 59.93 71.05 00.00 65.89 66.90 61.90 60.85 63.50 00.00 63.50 63.11 61.17 63.50 66.34 69.95 63.32 60.14 66.32 00.00 58.45 64.38 00.00

162

62.25 57.62 56.40 57.17 58.25 61.10 61.75 58.90 54.75 52.40 54.30 58.80 61.65 63.47 59.44 58.95 62.30 61.90 58.71 57.70 66.44 55.90 54.64 57.10 56.30 60.05 57.90 59.30 00.00 54.30 57.80 56.80 59.35 00.00 58.40 00.00 58.00 58.50 58.50 61.80 60.00 52.62 63.25 58.05 60.15 61.37 56.45 56.40 58.44 54.20 60.10 59.62 56.97 60.60 00.00 66.11 57.15 56.26 61.13 60.89 00.00 00.00 55.10

37.57 32.75 34.37 32.35 34.55 35.65 35.60 40.20 37.95 35.20 35.00 37.70 40.70 39.18 35.09 35.70 43.80 40.80 33.30 34.73 37.45 37.95 28.05 30.94 38.10 43.30 00.00 34.35 39.50 38.95 37.90 37.90 42.38 34.42 35.65 36.20 41.15 38.50 40.73 43.80 42.70 30.02 37.90 00.00 36.57 43.30 38.65 40.20 40.60 30.18 39.80 33.43 33.07 41.30 35.38 36.45 32.60 31.59 35.62 34.57 34.74 34.37 00.00

38.49 31.37 00.00 35.20 36.20 36.49 38.20 31.65 31.10 28.50 31.10 32.10 36.10 42.98 34.23 37.35 34.30 35.80 33.62 35.78 39.47 33.13 00.00 32.97 30.90 34.60 33.65 35.45 00.00 31.00 30.50 32.10 34.50 34.05 37.79 00.00 32.70 33.80 33.80 34.20 35.90 31.37 40.50 36.45 38.05 34.15 33.10 33.30 32.11 30.26 32.30 33.83 33.10 32.00 00.00 37.10 33.40 3.25 34.39 00.00 37.15 00.00 31.90

44.45 37.34 36.58 36.63 40.48 40.25 41.95 32.27 31.40 28.30 29.60 30.95 35.30 46.83 38.87 41.18 35.50 34.90 39.10 39.04 42.85 34.50 34.93 00.00 31.20 35.40 38.72 39.10 00.00 32.00 30.90 31.60 34.10 00.00 45.00 00.00 31.50 34.40 33.50 35.30 3636 37.07 43.25 00.00 43.05 35.80 32.00 32.70 33.50 35.75 32.20 41.16 00.00 33.40 00.00 00.00 36.17 35.66 00.00 38.46 00.00 00.00 39.40

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6057 5678 5551 5552 8173 8176 6212 4292 8164 5847 5848 5849 5861 3816 4819 8168 6157 6158 5504 5505 5547 8169 8174 8175 8163 8167 5818 5817 8170 8172 8177 6310 6311 5911 5487 5488 5646 6090 5315 6337 6260 6261 8165 8166 8178 8171 5619 5373 5377 5565 5428 5695 5696 5697 5698 5357 5365

C3 C8 E9 E9

B6 C2 C3 C6 C6 C6 C6 C1 B0 B0 Hno75 Hno75 Hno85 Hno85

B2 B4 C4 E4

A5 A5 B3 C1 C1 C6 D7 E3 E4 E9 E9 B0 B0 B0 A4 C3 C3 D4 E4 E9 E9 E9 E9 Hno95 Hno95

11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16

00.00 61.55 49.80 63.70 00.00 00.00 71.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 60.40 69.83 00.00 65.10 70.80 63.58 00.00 60.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.55 62.32 69.16 61.12 56.30 53.96 66.40 00.00 59.46 64.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 68.33 60.45 00.00 61.60 64.65 64.75 64.10 59.85 46.45 69.32 64.40

00.00 60.95 49.80 61.04 67.80 00.00 71.70 00.00 61.15 00.00 68.20 00.00 00.00 60.75 69.38 69.80 64.75 68.05 63.02 56.77 60.83 72.95 00.00 00.00 63.40 71.50 00.00 00.00 68.50 69.40 00.00 62.80 61.95 68.50 60.56 56.15 53.30 65.25 00.00 59.24 64.40 69.40 62.80 68.00 66.31 63.80 68.08 59.57 64.77 61.33 64.25 63.25 62.35 58.10 46.20 67.46 62.10

163

59.95 56.85 45.83 57.03 62.60 57.00 66.76 00.00 56.70 64.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 55.15 65.75 65.70 60.40 62.90 57.10 00.00 56.64 68.80 62.80 59.75 59.50 63.60 60.75 59.45 63.50 65.10 61.70 58.10 55.70 62.55 55.80 53.30 51.30 59.40 57.22 56.37 58.23 00.00 58.20 64.30 61.80 57.10 63.72 55.25 00.00 56.75 60.27 59.10 57.35 5.70 43.55 62.45 9.42

00.00 32.95 27.09 33.15 44.30 37.50 39.85 32.58 40.80 36.25 38.70 35.35 32.25 33.77 38.05 47.60 34.30 39.15 32.80 33.55 32.35 48.40 44.90 38.60 41.70 47.20 33.76 00.00 46.30 48.10 41.62 31.90 33.10 35.45 32.70 31.30 28.20 33.84 00.00 32.13 33.55 37.50 38.65 43.10 41.15 38.10 37.60 33.30 34.12 31.65 34.64 32.15 32.08 30.60 00.00 35.20 33.50

34.90 33.45 00.00 33.72 34.00 29.95 43.70 37.87 32.80 37.25 00.00 35.65 34.20 36.18 40.00 36.60 35.10 41.22 33.89 00.00 34.70 37.40 35.50 32.53 35.41 36.30 35.20 33.60 34.70 37.20 33.10 34.06 35.30 36.36 33.45 33.62 29.95 33.94 32.95 32.28 34.60 00.00 30.70 32.85 31.47 31.30 37.17 35.19 34.35 33.60 34.95 00.00 32.80 31.80 00.00 00.00 33.88

40.40 39.35 31.35 38.80 35.05 31.30 44.80 00.00 31.80 41.60 00.00 39.50 38.85 38.15 47.45 38.00 40.30 48.90 37.45 00.00 00.00 38.40 34.10 34.00 33.90 38.10 39.05 00.00 33.95 38.50 33.50 30.76 00.00 44.55 37.70 36.57 35.75 39.20 37.85 32.75 38.52 00.00 31.80 33.80 31.80 31.20 43.05 40.38 00.00 38.45 38.45 38.80 36.20 33.87 28.50 39.12 38.65

Table A.2.13. Measurements of Calcaneum of Bos indicus Site

Reg.No.

Trench

Layer

GL

GB

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

106 2034 3327 1926 2135 3955 3956 1631 3386 3387 1433 2548 2813 2816 4981 1894 6568 7748 4542 8002 5984 3812 3877 4137 4856 4733 4551 4383 4583 4936 4458 3064 4570 4838 6322 6213 6214 4287 6272 6155 5822 5840 5458 6283 5494 6262 5620 5660 5699

LJP G7 F11 H11 Hno132 G4 G4 H5 H6 H6 D25 F11 H11 H11 C2 E10 F25 G26 H12 F24 F25 E8 B6 C3 C0 C1 C4 C5 D6 E6 E7 C4 E3 E1 B5 B6 B6 C2 C8 Hno75 D3 D3 B1 B3 C1 E9 A4 A5 E9

0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15

92.87 00.00 128.66 00.00 126.98 00.00 122.78 122.14 124.56 107.20 113.94 00.00 118.68 123.13 11.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 121.90 124.45 127.87 00.00 118.69 119.03 131.45 00.00 00.00 118.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 55.98 41.05 106.75 00.00 121.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 134.45 125.25 00.00 00.00 125.80 122.50 00.00

28.61 42.70 44.59 53.70 46.02 50.65 40.00 53.69 55.50 37.95 51.45 36.06 00.00 00.00 43.05 37.68 45.55 42.90 45.80 46.95 44.65 47.40 41.90 42.58 55.45 51.65 43.90 45.10 53.05 44.90 46.30 00.00 00.00 40.25 46.45 44.10 45.40 36.94 40.43 38.20 47.30 40.00 41.40 39.70 39.83 38.70 44.85 38.80 38.45

Table A.2.14. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Bos indicus Site

Reg.No.

Trench

Layer

GB

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

335 336 337 338 2037 3534

LJP LJP LJP LJP G7 H5

0 0 0 0 1 1

50.53 5.64 58.78 51.47 52.68 53.80

164

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1003 1934 4008 2823 842 4083 2248 6570 6571 2902 2903 932 7852 2641 3892 980 2959 8000 5963 7137 7696 4417 4115 4370 4101 4552 4381 4382 4409 4584 5063 4447 3738 703 3066 795 796 5714 6007 5335 5553 6321 5722 6300 5601 5506 5774 5459 5460 6076 5996 5305 4796 6363 5474 5475 6240 6029 5358 2505 2506 2507 4150

E10 H11 G4 D10 F12 D10 F11 F25 F25 G10 G10 G12 G25 H11 B3&C3 C1 D10 F24 F25 G24 G25 C3 E5 A1&A2 C4 C5 C5 C7 D6 E5 E6 Hno69 B1 C4 C5 C5 B6 B7 D5 E9 B5 Hno78 Hno81 Hno84 Hno85 B5 B1 B1 B5 D6 E3 B0 B2 D3 D3 E5 Hno87 Hno95 D3 D3 D3 D3

1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16

55.46 54.46 48.00 58.58 45.43 49.35 44.05 43.75 56.45 47.60 56.10 53.07 44.35 61.15 52.15 52.73 59.00 41.65 48.30 48.90 45.50 50.90 51.30 48.10 50.30 48.70 52.24 51.35 49.86 52.08 46.85 44.70 53.00 57.63 51.68 50.53 57.30 47.30 55.57 49.70 47.85 58.80 50.77 50.35 50.75 46.70 50.75 48.45 46.91 48.38 45.70 47.35 52.92 54.54 47.75 47.30 49.90 48.19 48.03 51.52 56.53 57.40 49.90

165

Table A.2.15. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 39 94 116 118 198 257 258 345 6348 6349 1110 3274 3576 4902 8068 8069 8070 8071 1169 1635 1636 7533 3760 2328 2329 3115 4451 2305 3069 3929 2066 1526 1527 1530 3577 4068 4069 1143 7325 7326 7327 6372 6373 6374 2985 845 6646 6647 3121 7040 7041 7190 7191 7192 3564 7905 7906 7907 624

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP A3&B3 A3&B3

G4 D10 B0 F13 F27 F27 F27 F27 G10 G11 G11 G24 I11

B7 E1 G3 G4 G6 H5 H5 H5 B0 C0 C0 E10 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 F10 F12 F24 F24 G11 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 I10 Hno108 Hno108 Hno108 Hno125

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 63.86 63.72 58.80 43.91 70.02 56.80 00.00 55.19 61.80 00.00 59.30 59.30 58.65 60.90 64.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 64.32 67.56 55.60 59.35 00.00 56.35 00.00 65.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.55 00.00 65.13 68.79 00.00 00.00 51.15 58.60 61.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 69.30 60.80 00.00 57.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.23 62.05 56.45 58.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.95 58.30 00.00 00.00

BP 24.75 26.35 22.70 14.78 26.37 26.77 00.00 27.81 26.65 23.80 26.21 00.00 26.22 26.72 28.20 26.60 27.45 00.00 27.27 33.47 29.15 29.50 00.00 24.18 28.01 28.21 25.78 32.37 00.00 25.55 00.00 28.45 29.54 21.58 26.65 25.15 28.10 25.25 23.90 25.05 00.00 36.80 27.25 00.00 27.21 00.00 00.00 28.15 26.46 27.20 25.75 25.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.95 23.95 32.78 00.00

166

TP 29.77 30.29 28.84 28.07 30.64 30.31 00.00 28.88 30.80 28.50 31.66 00.00 30.15 34.05 33.65 29.05 28.75 00.00 32.20 35.62 27.93 29.85 00.00 29.74 30.59 30.85 27.65 36.38 00.00 30.95 00.00 33.20 34.90 29.53 32.48 26.95 32.05 31.08 28.45 27.62 00.00 33.95 28.65 00.00 31.91 00.00 00.00 27.65 27.61 28.95 28.12 28.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.65 29.97 34.05 00.00

BD 23.04 24.69 21.75 12.45 26.13 23.27 23.23 00.00 25.80 00.00 25.81 25.75 22.55 27.45 28.10 00.00 00.00 28.80 25.57 29.98 26.22 26.25 26.17 00.00 00.00 26.25 00.00 00.00 26.41 24.55 23.99 29.18 28.34 00.00 00.00 25.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.55 32.25 18.50 24.39 25.90 27.25 24.85 00.00 24.69 25.67 25.30 26.25 24.00 29.35 24.60 21.55 24.07 00.00 18.74

TD 18.27 18.28 17.73 18.52 20.47 18.05 00.00 00.00 19.80 00.00 19.81 18.97 18.08 20.78 22.16 00.00 00.00 23.21 18.79 22.67 20.69 19.60 20.20 00.00 00.00 19.43 00.00 00.00 19.57 18.70 19.19 21.32 22.34 00.00 00.00 18.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.05 23.58 00.00 17.95 20.64 29.36 19.70 00.00 18.46 18.95 19.45 18.00 17.45 23.60 18.50 15.55 18.20 00.00 14.45

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2659 3243 3244 3245 3246 4077 4078 4079 4080 4081 1876 1877 6765 6956 6957 6958 6959 2241 6562 6563 2178 2179 878 7850 7895 4540 6171 3653 2956 8027 5846 5847 7994 7995 8007 8009 5945 5946 5947 7131 7132 7667 7668 7669 6832 6833 6834 6835 6836 4773 4774 7765 7766 7767 776 779 7248 7249 7250 648 649 650 652

G7 D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 E10 E10 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 F11 F25 F25 G10 G10 G12 G25 G27 H12 Hno106 Hno127 D10 E24 E27 F27 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 F25 F25 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 B0 B0 E25&D24 E25&D24 E25&D24 E25&D24 E25&D24

Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 Hno110 Hno110 Hno110 Hno110

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

54.61 00.00 61.90 61.08 00.00 57.40 60.95 00.00 61.75 00.00 55.14 00.00 58.45 69.70 53.25 66.95 58.35 62.96 54.90 59.70 62.23 60.46 56.51 61.70 57.60 55.30 00.00 57.62 58.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 62.80 00.00 00.00 59.20 56.56 00.00 61.00 61.50 55.15 61.20 61.27 64.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 57.13 56.35 62.60 00.00 00.00 57.80 53.20 00.00 59.28 61.70 00.00 00.00

25.43 00.00 26.10 25.35 00.00 30.00 24.35 24.00 26.85 25.95 28.55 00.00 29.85 31.45 25.65 32.00 26.15 27.93 26.10 30.10 28.90 26.31 2628 32.40 29.45 27.06 00.00 26.68 24.70 00.00 25.85 00.00 16.42 30.35 00.00 11.55 25.20 25.65 23.06 25.40 26.25 27.40 22.65 26.85 30.90 27.00 29.15 27.45 00.00 25.55 24.32 00.00 25.55 26.95 27.60 25.82 24.80 23.80 00.00 23.99 25.28 00.00 26.27

167

27.03 00.00 30.60 28.75 00.00 31.95 30.55 30.00 31.58 28.57 28.84 00.00 34.30 35.25 26.00 34.15 29.60 32.62 28.35 31.85 32.60 31.35 28.08 31.60 30.55 28.85 00.00 29.75 27.35 00.00 30.25 00.00 20.35 31.25 00.00 15.80 27.90 29.00 28.45 31.95 31.35 29.15 29.30 30.70 34.75 29.25 29.30 29.05 00.00 28.40 28.00 27.45 27.00 32.55 28.75 28.40 26.27 25.75 00.00 28.62 29.82 00.00 28.72

22.77 24.30 25.70 24.25 24.55 28.36 23.15 00.00 25.45 00.00 25.72 16.29 27.25 30.95 24.55 30.70 24.55 26.57 25.10 30.45 00.00 25.21 26.27 29.00 27.68 23.78 29.75 23.63 24.39 25.40 00.00 23.75 00.00 29.10 24.50 00.00 22.60 24.56 00.00 25.00 24.35 24.55 23.15 24.54 33.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.20 00.00 00.00 22.45 24.20 26.15 00.00 00.00 21.90 22.35 27.37 24.52 24.59 26.13 00.00

18.86 18.65 19.55 18.75 18.75 20.03 18.75 00.00 18.36 00.00 19.60 13.14 21.75 21.85 18.25 22.95 00.00 19.63 19.70 22.10 23.18 19.29 19.63 22.85 21.45 17.25 22.15 18.70 18.56 18.20 00.00 18.41 00.00 23.35 18.60 00.00 17.37 17.75 00.00 18.91 19.00 18.60 17.40 17.95 23.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.00 00.00 00.00 16.65 18.75 19.70 00.00 00.00 16.80 17.80 19.75 18.37 19.07 20.68 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

659 4631 4632 4633 4634 4628 4629 4630 787 5025 5038 5016 784 785 2970 2985 4724 4101 3804 4308 4415 3703 5202 5203 5204 5218 4206 1490 1491 2258 3868 4477 4478 4558 4559 4696 4697 4698 4699 4296 4191 1827 6359 6360 6117 7698 5046 4257 4258 4964 631 4389 4729 4730 4972 4973 4974 4975 4546 4547 4377 4378 4405

Hno110 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno113 Hno119 Hno119 Hno122 Hno124 Hno124 B3 B3 B4 C3 E8 F8 A3 B3 B3 B3 B3 E1 G4 G4 G5 D3 X4 X4

E2 E2 E2 E2 E4 E8 G4 Hno51A Hno51A Hno51 Hno51 B1 B2 B2 B3 B5 B6 C1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C4 C4 C5 C5 C7

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.00 57.30 56.75 57.30 58.53 00.00 57.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.05 62.65 00.00 00.00 61.77 59.70 00.00 42.55 59.17 57.21 59.52 00.00 60.06 59.55 67.20 65.85 00.00 61.60 41.42 40.85 61.80 00.00 59.93 65.85 65.30 58.10 00.00 58.55 00.00 64.35 57.95 00.00 52.83 60.23 00.00 54.40 62.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 62.30 00.00 58.52

00.00 00.00 26.50 24.65 00.00 19.80 00.00 00.00 29.77 25.30 28.64 29.95 28.42 00.00 29.49 27.80 24.30 20.50 24.66 31.25 25.67 00.00 26.80 27.76 31.45 22.45 30.35 25.13 25.90 2270 00.00 31.60 30.77 31.17 29.75 00.00 23.60 00.00 28.65 25.35 00.00 26.88 28.90 00.00 23.80 27.95 25.30 26.93 27.90 31.37 00.00 25.00 23.90 00.00 26.35 32.67 26.82 00.00 25.78 00.00 32.25 00.00 26.62

168

00.00 00.00 32.52 29.45 00.00 23.05 00.00 00.00 34.56 30.90 29.25 27.85 28.77 29.26 30.13 23.67 28.50 26.35 25.95 35.05 32.00 00.00 28.30 29.66 31.86 26.75 32.80 27.43 30.94 27.92 00.00 32.40 32.75 36.50 34.90 00.00 29.45 00.00 30.70 30.60 00.00 28.08 33.05 35.00 27.70 29.05 28.30 26.26 33.15 29.02 00.00 00.00 30.20 00.00 30.95 33.60 31.12 00.00 29.25 00.00 34.28 00.00 00.00

25.56 17.85 00.00 00.00 27.75 00.00 18.15 18.80 31.66 24.15 27.10 26.15 26.61 00.00 26.87 26.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.00 25.92 24.10 00.00 25.50 31.66 00.00 26.25 23.80 27.78 23.50 25.90 30.60 29.90 29.35 28.00 28.20 23.50 25.50 25.13 24.85 18.80 25.60 27.20 28.30 23.10 00.00 21.75 00.00 25.60 29.00 23.75 26.25 23.87 25.90 25.20 00.00 00.00 25.65 00.00 30.05 29.80 22.90 25.80

00.00 16.00 00.00 00.00 21.60 00.00 16.10 16.67 22.06 17.50 00.00 20.15 20.72 00.00 19.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.10 20.15 17.95 00.00 18.46 20.00 00.00 28.29 17.41 21.91 18.27 20.00 22.65 21.92 22.30 21.25 20.25 17.90 26.35 27.45 18.35 14.10 19.98 20.05 20.63 17.50 00.00 23.05 00.00 19.60 20.75 00.00 18.45 18.90 18.60 18.90 00.00 00.00 18.88 00.00 20.40 22.16 17.25 22.30

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4407 4497 864 866 867 4577 5161 5119 5120 4845 5052 5053 5054 5055 5056 5076 4438 4439 4604 4605 4243 4244 4928 4929 4930 4931 4932 3882 3883 3884 3885 3887 3888 3889 4126 4127 4128 4491 4492 4598 4599 3730 3731 3732 4882 4144 4145 734 1743 701 702 4347 4348 802 5113 2873 722 4574 5261 5011 4229 600 607

C7 D2 D5 D5 D5 D6 D6 D7 D7 E4 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E6 E6 E7 E7 E8 E8 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 X3&B2 X3&B2 Hno49 Hno49 Hno65 Hno65 Hno68 Hno68 Hno68 Hno71 Hno73 Hno73 Hno70&73

A1 B1 B1 C1 C1 C5 C5 D5 D6 E3 A5 B1 C1 C2 C2

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10

55.30 00.00 66.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.85 00.00 61.05 62.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 55.75 63.15 00.00 57.25 65.65 00.00 61.35 64.70 60.50 00.00 57.50 59.70 60.46 53.46 54.68 60.15 60.60 72.65 62.34 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 60.58 00.00 00.00 58.42 70.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.60 70.68 58.25 53.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.55 60.15 57.20 00.00 00.00 60.32

25.78 00.00 27.83 00.00 27.51 00.00 00.00 24.15 27.80 00.00 28.10 31.15 26.40 26.95 24.86 00.00 25.25 30.65 27.60 25.62 29.15 24.80 31.10 27.36 27.18 00.00 30.40 22.45 23.86 25.52 27.17 25.75 31.45 32.65 28.88 23.45 00.00 27.15 26.98 00.00 00.00 27.50 00.00 00.00 24.92 29.80 00.00 00.00 27.00 33.69 26.71 30.76 25.37 27.46 00.00 00.00 26.31 24.22 00.00 22.75 00.00 27.26 28.79

169

29.65 00.00 34.54 00.00 28.62 00.00 00.00 27.60 28.95 00.00 31.75 32.35 30.20 30.30 18.59 00.00 26.40 36.00 26.20 25.76 36.45 29.03 34.40 32.17 27.70 00.00 31.60 28.20 28.54 26.09 28.40 31.13 34.40 39.46 30.97 26.68 00.00 38.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.40 00.00 00.00 29.60 37.00 00.00 00.00 38.15 38.68 33.03 34.25 27.40 30.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.26 28.85 27.70 00.00 32.01 33.04

23.60 27.86 27.01 25.97 00.00 26.75 27.00 00.00 28.15 23.50 30.15 30.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.45 25.95 30.40 00.00 23.60 29.95 00.00 27.90 26.08 25.25 27.05 00.00 21.85 24.50 22.87 25.04 25.98 27.28 30.60 27.66 00.00 26.96 00.00 00.00 26.46 15.60 26.25 27.18 25.55 23.45 27.85 28.80 24.98 00.00 00.00 27.67 31.60 23.86 25.02 24.30 24.46 22.51 23.90 26.40 22.15 24.20 00.00 26.27

18.65 21.69 20.82 19.96 00.00 18.85 19.35 00.00 19.60 17.55 21.65 20.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.33 19.08 22.35 00.00 19.50 21.15 00.00 22.00 00.00 20.80 20.33 00.00 17.17 17.55 18.67 19.79 18.48 20.20 22.50 18.8 00.00 21.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.85 18.65 18.18 17.00 17.65 21.60 22.45 18.57 00.00 00.00 19.44 21.80 17.55 20.95 18.20 18.89 24.73 19.15 19.10 17.15 18.39 00.00 21.44

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

604 612 4832 4810 4765 5241 5146 5147 5148 6003 6004 6005 5097 6092 6127 5333 5518 5519 5221 5764 0 3686 4172 5 5934 5935 6317 6318 6319 6101 6102 6103 6104 5603 5766 5837A 5838A 5733 5734 5735 522 6145 6146 6147 6148 6149 5723 5720 5316 5317 6365 6366 5592 5593 5594 5598 6294 6295 5496 5497 5498 5541 5542

C3 C3 E1 B0 C0 B1 B2 B2 B2 B7 B7 B7 C1 C7 D4 D5 D8 D8 E1 E4 B0 B1 B1 B2 B3 B3 B5 B5 B5 B6 B6 B6 B6 C3 C5 C6 C6 E3 E3 E3 Hno50 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno77 Hno78 Hno79 Hno79 Hno80 Hno80 Hno84 Hno84 Hno84 Hno84 Hno84 Hno84 Hno85 Hno85 Hno85

10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13

00.00 00.00 69.27 00.00 50.45 00.00 00.00 59.30 54.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 61.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.50 56.15 00.00 58.70 64.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 64.05 00.00 60.50 62.15 69.60 63.72 64.50 63.36 59.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.30 59.60 58.80 56.67 00.00 59.45 64.85 53.95 58.05 00.00 00.00 58.75 58.73 00.00 61.85 62.80 55.90 68.00 53.40 00.00 62.40 00.00

26.75 00.00 31.45 39.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.75 25.90 25.40 25.80 00.00 26.00 00.00 00.00 25.78 32.40 22.90 32.40 25.95 00.00 28.03 29.62 00.00 25.25 26.10 00.00 00.00 25.80 00.00 29.10 30.82 30.60 32.65 30.15 34.40 26.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.04 24.70 24.60 23.70 00.00 26.70 26.45 28.90 25.65 27.75 00.00 20.95 24.20 26.30 00.00 26.95 30.90 24.05 29.65 24.60 00.00 27.06 00.00

170

30.22 00.00 36.60 24.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.05 29.25 28.90 27.55 00.00 30.10 00.00 00.00 29.45 33.88 30.75 36.00 26.80 00.00 32.30 33.80 00.00 28.57 26.85 00.00 00.00 31.14 00.00 31.20 31.60 35.50 33.20 34.00 34.90 30.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.17 27.40 28.50 29.14 00.00 30.0 30.40 31.90 25.68 29.65 00.00 22.65 27.10 29.70 00.00 28.45 33.10 26.20 35.65 25.10 00.00 31.33 00.00

00.00 22.28 31.40 00.00 19.75 18.00 14.86 25.75 24.64 00.00 00.00 16.94 27.95 20.01 15.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.20 25.20 20.50 26.76 00.00 26.03 00.00 00.00 16.75 28.90 26.45 24.00 27.85 30.05 28.15 31.75 30.00 31.30 25.30 32.90 26.85 13.20 00.00 23.20 24.75 24.90 24.65 00.00 23.20 28.40 24.50 26.35 25.20 00.00 23.60 23.55 19.43 26.03 28.95 21.70 29.36 23.15 21.20 27.65 22.25

00.00 00.00 22.77 00.00 16.15 14.85 13.10 17.86 19.10 00.00 00.00 15.00 20.27 17.40 13.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.10 18.95 13.40 19.55 00.00 19.28 00.00 00.00 14.35 22.30 18.90 16.55 19.63 21.90 22.50 23.20 21.20 24.40 18.65 28.48 15.35 11.95 00.00 17.90 18.25 17.92 19.35 00.00 17.50 20.40 20.65 20.00 18.74 00.00 17.50 18.15 16.00 18.75 22.35 17.25 22.00 18.60 17.27 20.85 17.70

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5543 5082 5083 5084 5832 5728 5729 5808 5809 4673 8159 5668 6308 5445 5446 5447 5450 5899 5900 6279 5792 5793 5991 5296 5297 6331 6332 6251 6252 6253 4787 4788 5613 5614 5615 5616 5650 5651 6101 6231 5633 5634 5638 5640 5467 5468 5469 4812 4819 6022 6023 5354 6000 6000 2495

B2 B2 B2 B3 C3 C3 D3 E5 B0 A1 A4 A5 B1 B1 B1 B1 B3 B3 B3 B5 B5 D6 E3 E3 E4 E4 E9 E9 E9 B0 B0 A4 A4 A4 A4 A5 A5 B3 C4 C5 C5 C5 C5 D3 D3 D3 B0 B0 Hno87 Hno87 Hno95 A5 A5 D3

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16

00.00 58.80 56.85 60.85 00.00 57.75 00.00 53.00 00.00 00.00 54.85 54.87 60.62 62.10 56.64 55.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 68.75 62.05 00.00 00.00 58.00 62.55 00.00 61.35 00.00 00.00 63.28 60.25 00.00 58.40 00.00 00.00 62.00 52.75 00.00 51.65 59.35 00.00 60.05 00.00 57.77 54.87 00.00 55.87 00.00 63.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.80 62.51

00.00 24.58 28.00 26.77 00.00 29.30 00.00 25.85 26.90 00.00 23.25 25.75 25.85 29.95 25.95 24.48 25.80 24.45 28.95 31.90 31.15 23.86 00.00 27.15 27.50 00.00 00.00 30.50 27.50 27.00 31.35 24.00 24.45 24.37 00.00 30.02 26.30 26.55 26.80 26.30 25.07 00.00 24.80 00.00 27.76 24.75 00.00 25.71 27.30 26.95 00.00 00.00 30.30 24.45 26.83

171

00.00 28.60 27.50 28.90 00.00 30.70 00.00 25.52 19.25 00.00 26.45 28.44 28.45 33.22 27.35 28.05 29.65 27.30 30.60 31.40 33.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.15 29.60 00.00 31.85 29.55 29.15 33.77 30.30 27.50 28.00 00.00 34.45 30.30 29.90 32.50 27.70 27.30 00.00 29.35 00.00 30.14 24.95 00.00 26.32 28.85 34.50 00.00 00.00 33.15 29.70 34.41

28.02 24.96 25.80 24.40 17.60 28.00 19.10 00.00 00.00 30.85 23.63 23.90 24.68 28.15 24.10 21.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.20 26.50 21.70 00.00 26.00 24.35 24.50 28.25 00.00 00.00 29.30 23.77 00.00 24.65 25.05 00.00 27.05 21.40 00.00 21.60 25.00 23.10 23.68 21.00 25.05 23.90 23.90 23.40 00.00 28.34 18.47 17.95 00.00 23.55 25.76

21.30 19.60 19.55 19.15 14.20 21.90 15.24 00.00 00.00 21.10 17.25 18.30 18.60 20.12 19.60 17.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.05 18.76 16.45 00.00 18.55 17.95 18.50 22.15 00.00 00.00 21.23 19.25 00.00 18.35 19.10 00.00 18.95 17.70 00.00 17.00 17.36 16.55 17.25 16.80 21.95 18.95 17.90 18.60 00.00 21.80 15.25 15.40 00.00 18.35 20.21

Table A.2.16. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 113 117 229 230 232 233 379 5271 5272 6350 6351 3523 3524 3275 3276 3578 987 4907 8073 8074 8075 8076 8072 1649 3111 3112 3948 3949 3950 3626 1549 3379 1065 1992 2817 1419 4070 4071 7328 7329 6386 6387 7452 2989 2990 2991 2992 2528 2529 6648 7580 7581 1330 3147 3148 3149 7042 7194 7195 760

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP A3&B3 A3&B3

H5 H5 D10 D10 B0 E10 F13 F24 F24 F24 F24 F27 G11 E2 E2 G4 G4 G4 G7 H5 H6 H7 D10 D10 D25 C0 C0 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F10 F10 F11 F11 F24 F26 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G25 G25 I12

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 43.18 41.42 44.02 39.33 37.70 42.28 41.61 44.33 40.62 00.00 38.10 45.85 40.95 41.40 40.55 00.00 41.91 43.88 35.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.10 42.25 24.32 23.67 40.10 41.31 37.05 42.70 42.05 00.00 39.16 37.08 40.12 39.79 36.20 38.60 00.00 00.00 40.90 44.05 41.50 40.81 41.79 38.82 00.00 46.95 46.48 44.10 48.90 44.00 00.00 43.68 41.49 40.66 39.30 42.50 00.00 00.00

BP 26.70 28.05 28.13 24.28 24.73 26.50 31.87 29.70 27.33 27.00 26.30 30.00 26.94 26.80 24.99 00.00 25.66 29.52 23.68 30.75 00.00 00.00 30.45 28.73 10.15 9.83 27.60 26.20 24.31 29.95 25.80 25.70 29.65 24.31 25.62 23.20 23.85 24.40 00.00 26.20 25.15 30.40 25.49 24.91 24.52 25.30 24.97 30.30 26.13 30.10 33.95 28.90 26.80 31.52 25.03 27.23 00.00 26.36 25.95 00.00

172

TP 30.58 31.32 30.93 28.48 28.97 00.00 33.55 31.86 28.26 00.00 27.39 32.50 28.68 30.05 26.99 00.00 28.30 32.12 26.30 33.75 00.00 00.00 30.52 30.81 13.80 14.05 29.20 27.45 25.40 32.95 00.00 00.00 22.72 00.00 28.38 26.35 37.15 28.10 00.00 27.70 27.25 32.70 27.20 27.88 28.91 29.55 27.45 34.11 28.43 33.35 35.65 29.90 29.90 32.09 28.11 30.10 28.00 30.08 28.50 00.00

BD 24.08 25.14 24.75 21.79 21.39 21.55 26.10 25.20 24.25 23.30 23.08 26.33 22.33 24.95 21.28 25.15 22.05 25.35 18.95 00.00 24.48 21.70 24.65 24.16 8.80 9.23 24.80 21.90 22.48 27.93 21.61 23.00 28.56 19.98 28.68 21.12 22.20 21.75 20.95 00.00 21.95 24.50 22.52 20.97 20.66 24.24 00.00 25.92 21.24 25.30 29.15 24.87 00.00 28.59 20.98 23.70 21.80 20.75 00.00 25.43

TD 25.53 27.83 27.52 24.61 25.29 00.00 31.92 24.95 25.60 24.40 00.00 27.80 24.90 24.50 23.68 27.57 24.75 27.42 22.48 00.00 26.90 22.35 26.39 25.76 11.48 10.87 28.20 26.86 25.70 32.67 24.71 25.87 00.00 25.53 25.36 21.83 26.05 24.05 22.65 00.00 23.00 24.35 23.28 23.08 24.42 28.36 00.00 28.73 24.12 26.25 28.64 27.45 00.00 32.29 23.43 24.30 21.85 23.40 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7908 7909 4467 2662 3431 3432 3433 3594 3247 3249 3250 4035 1880 2308 6766 6767 6768 6769 6787 6788 1819 3263 6564 6565 6566 6567 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2893 2894 7851 4541 7926 7927 6173 6174 3028 3029 975 976 2971 2972 2973 5867A 5853 7996 7997 5950 1856 7134 7671

Hno108 Hno108 Hno129 G7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D10 D10 D10 C0 E10 E10 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 F10 F11 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26

G10 G10 G10 G25 H11 Hno103 Hno103 Hno106 Hno106 B3 B3 C1 C1 D10 D10 D10 E25 E27 F24 F24 F25 G11 G24 G25

2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

44.90 38.46 45.45 00.00 45.70 00.00 40.50 38.80 39.00 39.65 38.40 38.85 40.21 00.00 42.45 37.70 40.05 40.44 00.00 00.00 39.66 00.00 43.78 43.16 38.20 41.50 38.41 00.00 39.32 39.42 37.66 37.73 38.59 00.00 38.51 41.16 40.29 38.91 37.24 00.00 40.76 40.91 45.35 39.64 45.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.11 40.23 42.39 43.31 00.00 37.76 38.36 34.65 41.06 38.52 40.30 00.00 39.80 40.07 38.65

29.05 23.80 28.60 28.44 31.60 27.35 25.60 00.00 24.85 28.79 25.81 24.68 22.99 27.26 27.50 26.40 25.10 24.65 24.32 18.50 26.15 24.18 30.05 29.45 24.53 25.25 25.74 24.41 23.06 26.22 23.06 22.91 25.59 00.00 23.54 28.93 24.85 25.34 24.27 00.00 25.78 26.30 31.15 24.15 31.30 00.00 26.18 23.55 25.74 26.62 26.96 30.83 28.39 23.95 22.83 22.60 24.86 23.05 26.51 24.70 25.18 26.50 24.20

173

28.26 28.26 31.85 31.38 33.75 00.00 27.62 00.00 28.72 00.00 28.85 27.75 26.84 31.97 30.65 28.65 27.60 29.30 28.70 22.50 29.12 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.04 29.80 27.04 30.17 26.24 30.09 28.26 24.65 28.21 00.00 26.24 32.12 28.76 27.37 00.00 00.00 30.50 30.33 33.85 28.85 36.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.83 30.38 30.15 32.91 33.23 27.80 25.00 00.00 27.25 24.55 27.50 00.00 28.61 28.90 26.90

21.60 21.60 23.70 00.00 24.65 26.10 21.25 20.66 20.42 25.83 23.67 20.13 00.00 00.00 23.95 21.37 21.62 23.50 00.00 00.00 23.19 21.40 27.00 25.20 21.66 21.96 21.17 00.00 19.90 22.69 19.55 19.36 21.50 23.27 20.42 24.01 22.13 20.75 20.15 16.00 23.38 22.87 25.60 23.78 28.08 26.65 21.90 17.95 22.38 22.49 25.14 28.35 00.00 20.95 20.78 19.39 22.91 20.85 22.95 21.70 21.23 21.65 19.53

24.35 24.35 28.25 00.00 25.35 26.54 24.05 23.63 24.05 26.12 27.64 20.90 00.00 00.00 25.80 23.67 22.65 26.20 00.00 00.00 26.09 23.65 28.00 26.45 23.40 24.50 23.64 00.00 22.36 26.25 21.90 21.82 23.36 24.90 21.65 25.15 22.21 24.24 25.50 22.10 28.12 25.02 28.10 22.33 30.05 27.85 00.00 22.75 24.26 26.07 28.89 29.85 00.00 22.69 21.79 22.19 22.55 22.56 25.00 22.75 23.61 23.00 21.65

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7673 7674 7675 6837 6838 6839 4775 4776 4777 7770 7771 656 657 4637 4638 4639 4053 5027 5017 4225 4226 5247 5248 4112 4113 4114 3805 3806 4317 4562 4416 4216 4217 5205 5206 5207 5208 3874 3875 2009 1492 1493 2262 3869 3869A 3784 4479 3865 4768 4769 4770 3607 4360 580 4425 1829 3658 4852 4854 4096 4097 4098 6118

G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 B0 B0 B0 D24&E25 D24&E25

Hno110 Hno110 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno115 Hn0119 Hno122 B6 B6 C1 C1 C3 C3 C3 E8 E8 F8 E5&B0

A3 A3 B3 B3 B3 B3 B6 B6 G3 G4 G4 G5 C0 C0 H12 X4 A5 A5 A5 B6 E1 E6 E7 G4 C0 C0 C0 A1&A2 A1&A2 A1&A2 Hno51

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

39.80 39.87 40.20 39.50 39.35 43.65 39.55 00.00 00.00 44.95 37.90 00.00 40.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.10 38.60 00.00 00.00 39.45 42.15 00.00 45.25 41.15 42.20 39.85 00.00 40.96 43.81 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.85 40.55 39.45 43.77 40.85 00.00 00.00 41.79 40.54 40.71 44.60 42.55 37.88 44.74 44.60 40.80 42.90 57.5 41.30 40.18 42.84 40.70 44.59 40.50 40.17 00.00 47.30 41.85 39.50 44.96

25.00 25.40 25.50 00.00 23.70 28.85 24.60 27.10 25.73 30.32 00.00 00.00 26.51 00.00 00.00 19.60 28.40 23.06 23.75 24.00 23.85 27.15 24.30 30.55 28.30 26.30 24.85 25.50 28.45 27.09 25.00 30.55 27.75 23.80 27.20 24.02 30.83 26.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.10 25.76 30.45 26.05 26.00 29.04 30.45 26.00 28.05 20.40 28.93 26.60 31.42 23.88 30.02 23.52 25.57 26.57 28.45 25.95 25.40 29.06

174

28.23 00.00 00.00 29.15 27.60 32.95 26.88 00.00 00.00 34.37 26.45 00.00 27.71 00.00 00.00 24.20 33.95 00.00 00.00 27.00 28.13 30.60 26.52 34.40 00.00 27.55 24.78 28.06 32.05 28.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.35 30.43 28.00 30.72 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.28 27.50 21.13 32.25 29.90 29.54 33.58 32.25 31.03 00.00 39.80 00.00 31.55 35.05 28.50 32.75 27.50 27.95 00.00 31.80 27.25 29.85 33.70

21.40 20.85 21.00 22.60 20.90 27.90 21.80 22.70 23.57 24.45 19.85 26.91 22.06 16.10 15.20 00.00 22.30 21.00 20.80 00.00 20.84 24.15 00.00 00.00 25.05 22.80 20.47 00.00 24.80 00.00 21.30 25.60 23.75 19.90 23.67 22.69 25.09 21.70 21.10 23.00 00.00 20.37 23.54 26.72 22.95 24.20 23.49 26.72 21.93 23.92 00.00 23.28 23.75 00.00 23.25 00.00 20.50 20.80 23.30 23.25 22.65 21.63 26.09

23.18 23.55 22.00 23.50 21.30 27.30 23.61 26.25 23.63 30.45 22.90 32.57 24.59 21.50 20.32 00.00 28.25 22.65 24.20 00.00 22.30 24.56 00.00 00.00 27.05 25.92 23.70 00.00 26.70 24.45 26.05 28.95 26.40 23.75 24.83 23.55 26.00 25.30 22.65 24.76 23.13 23.67 00.00 29.80 23.20 26.15 27.43 29.80 28.79 24.65 00.00 27.20 23.99 31.49 25.95 25.38 23.90 00.00 27.15 26.35 22.30 25.25 29.70

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6361 633 635 4847 4391 4731 4732 4976 4977 4978 4549 4380 3671 3674 3675 3676 3677 4407 4824 865 868 5163 5164 5165 5166 5167 5168 5169 5170 5121 5122 5123 4245 4844 5058 5065 4440 4441 4442 4443 4933 4455 4608 4609 4610 4611 4620 3610 4716 4493 4707 3734 4884 4885 4886 4887 4888 4158 4159 4146 1742 704 706

Hno51A

B5 B5 B5 B6 C1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C4 C5 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C7 D3 D5 D5 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D7 D7 D7 E1 E4 E5 E5 E6 E6 E6 E6 E6 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 C0 B0 Hno49 Hno61 Hno69 Hno71 Hno71 Hno71 Hno71 Hno71 Hno72 Hno72 Hno73 A1 B1 B1

7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9

00.00 41.79 40.91 40.10 00.00 37.30 00.00 38.30 37.85 37.80 36.90 40.00 46.30 46.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 38.14 00.00 00.00 38.50 40.80 43.65 39.39 40.55 38.45 35.34 00.00 40.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.50 42.95 00.00 36.50 40.00 00.00 43.15 43.26 00.00 36.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.66 00.00 45.15 00.00 39.49 45.20 40.60 38.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.45 46.06 41.61 39.69

27.68 27.85 29.89 25.15 23.95 25.08 24.25 26.50 24.35 25.35 24.28 26.50 30.00 30.57 25.33 00.00 00.00 20.90 00.00 23.23 00.00 00.00 24.57 24.90 25.58 27.31 00.00 25.55 22.81 29.75 25.40 31.10 28.60 28.30 28.25 30.60 26.20 24.50 24.33 22.13 30.75 28.65 25.17 24.83 28.35 28.46 19.86 29.83 24.00 30.96 24.85 24.00 29.70 27.10 25.05 00.00 00.00 31.00 29.27 27.30 26.72 26.75 26.08

175

00.00 28.79 31.03 29.72 00.00 29.40 00.00 26.80 26.71 26.59 28.45 00.00 30.60 32.13 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.57 00.00 00.00 26.87 26.76 32.20 29.60 28.35 28.10 26.20 00.00 30.10 00.00 00.00 30.25 33.05 32.80 31.40 26.70 27.83 24.34 00.00 29.90 00.00 25.45 00.00 00.00 22.25 00.00 00.00 32.17 28.10 27.67 35.55 28.85 27.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.82 00.00 30.04 29.88

22.90 24.36 26.97 21.48 21.05 21.67 21.52 22.00 20.50 21.40 20.86 23.00 24.90 24.70 21.59 25.04 20.10 19.65 23.25 20.43 21.7 15.45 20.75 22.35 24.35 23.65 21.38 20.64 20.74 25.60 22.20 25.95 25.55 00.00 23.07 27.30 00.00 21.33 20.18 00.00 29.50 23.65 20.90 20.75 24.32 24.09 00.00 26.00 19.67 27.15 00.00 21.03 28.25 24.20 21.65 20.15 15.77 29.00 25.80 22.80 24.23 25.30 20.58

24.35 25.45 27.64 26.50 22.60 23.05 23.38 25.10 22.65 25.35 24.80 22.09 26.30 26.42 24.80 29.15 24.02 21.40 25.25 22.39 23.84 19.05 23.03 23.40 27.10 24.35 23.10 25.78 23.20 27.45 25.25 00.00 25.70 00.00 28.00 28.55 00.00 23.45 25.74 00.00 31.32 25.95 24.40 22.10 27.80 25.96 00.00 26.62 16.65 28.12 00.00 22.15 33.20 24.40 22.65 24.45 18.85 30.56 28.28 25.55 25.27 24.87 23.22

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

709 4351 3060 3061 800 801 5114 5115 5263 2875 723 4575 4231 599 602 682 683 5250 5251 5252 5713 6006 5232 5707 6093 6094 6128 6129 5744 5549 3689 4174 4175 6205 6206 6207 6208 5675 811 4275 5604 5757 5758 5840A 5841A 6291 6268 6269 6270 3817 6150 6151 6152 6153 6154 5724 5721 6138 5499 5502 5544 5641 5085

B1 C1 C4 C4 C5 C5 C5 C5 D4 D5 D6 E3 C1 C3 C3 A1 A1 B1 B1 B1 B6 B7 C3 C5 C7 C7 D4 D4 D6 E9 B1 B1 B1 B6 B6 B6 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C5 C5 C6 C6 C7 C8 C8 C8 C0 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 Hno77 Hno78 Hno83 Hno85 Hno85 A1 B2

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13

39.18 39.25 40.21 43.64 40.29 40.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.62 38.72 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.60 44.90 00.00 41.00 40.00 39.80 43.06 00.00 48.00 39.45 45.75 42.40 36.80 45.96 43.55 44.55 45.75 48.02 42.04 40.40 45.77 48.65 00.00 41.00 40.95 00.00 40.57 43.40 00.00 00.00 4495 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.52 39.50 42.30 40.05 00.00 41.85 42.05 37.90

25.12 24.60 26.49 28.65 25.11 28.64 00.00 00.00 30.25 30.55 26.31 29.65 28.50 23.49 00.00 29.11 24.57 24.20 00.00 00.00 27.40 31.25 00.00 26.65 25.56 25.80 00.00 00.00 29.80 26.55 31.00 29.40 22.35 32.50 35.30 31.23 30.30 32.62 00.00 27.30 28.75 33.65 25.75 28.30 26.30 13.45 25.75 30.05 27.45 24.88 27.20 29.75 26.00 31.00 26.80 24.60 24.45 27.93 22.95 00.00 26.07 27.15 23.23

176

27.42 27.10 28.66 31.18 29.58 30.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.89 00.00 00.00 27.62 27.95 00.00 00.00 32.60 33.95 00.00 28.90 27.00 28.52 31.05 00.00 36.00 28.90 35.05 28.90 24.05 35.60 34.00 36.45 33.05 35.55 00.00 29.55 30.82 36.50 00.00 30.90 28.55 17.30 28.61 31.55 32.25 27.30 29.05 00.00 27.75 35.75 00.00 27.75 27.25 33.78 26.40 00.00 30.60 30.05 26.33

20.02 19.95 22.97 25.88 23.13 26.56 24.30 12.68 26.45 28.79 22.51 26.70 24.60 22.55 17.93 25.39 20.06 00.00 15.10 21.88 25.45 28.00 23.90 23.90 00.00 21.84 23.05 24.75 27.00 21.71 30.05 24.15 18.05 29.55 27.60 26.95 25.08 28.03 21.87 23.85 23.35 28.30 22.00 24.75 22.30 00.00 22.55 28.50 23.36 00.00 23.35 25.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.55 20.90 24.17 20.70 18.95 22.50 23.85 19.85

21.00 21.85 24.65 25.90 28.40 30.09 25.95 15.33 27.75 28.07 24.73 29.00 24.85 25.60 23.08 27.84 24.69 00.00 19.45 25.25 27.40 28.35 24.25 23.80 22.78 22.75 25.30 27.78 28.45 23.00 31.50 26.67 23.07 29.00 29.82 31.45 28.70 29.45 24.48 26.25 25.33 30.50 22.60 25.35 24.85 00.00 24.35 27.10 22.85 00.00 24.60 29.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.85 21.00 26.02 21.75 22.65 26.05 26.20 21.02

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5086 5087 5833 5835 5836 5769 6063 5815 4674 4675 8158 5669 6309 5454 5902 5903 5904 5905 5906 5907 5909 5930 5485 5644 5992 5994 5765 5298 5299 5300 5301 5302 5303 6333 6254 6255 6256 4789 4790 5617 5618 5653 5654 6362 6067 6068 5367 5368 5563 5564 5424 5425 5426 6236 6024 6025 6026 2496 2497

B2 B2 B3 B3 B3 B5 C6 E4 B0 B0 A2 A4 A5 B1 B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 C1 C6 D6 D6 D8 E3 E3 E3 E3 E3 E3 E4 E9 E9 E9 B0 B0 A4 A4 A5 A5 B2 B5 B5 C3 C3 D4 D4 E4 E4 E4 E5 Hno87 Hno87 Hno87 D3 D3

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16

38.32 40.88 45.95 36.63 00.00 44.75 00.00 00.00 44.70 38.75 00.00 00.00 40.96 38.95 37.90 35.21 00.00 36.34 39.92 47.20 42.65 00.00 41.06 40.90 41.68 31.10 47.50 46.75 39.80 43.17 38.70 39.00 44.33 00.00 46.60 42.65 44.40 39.46 00.00 44.15 39.80 40.27 40.65 00.00 00.00 42.60 39.80 41.55 00.00 00.00 39.55 40.67 37.95 37.65 43.13 00.00 40.60 00.00 42.43

24.95 30.00 30.50 23.60 00.00 28.95 29.75 00.00 27.65 24.97 30.00 24.20 25.30 24.73 25.65 22.54 19.43 24.25 28.49 30.00 26.25 22.75 25.78 2915 27.85 18.75 31.40 30.00 25.78 27.04 25.63 24.65 28.45 23.34 29.40 28.60 28.89 25.80 28.38 29.82 24.70 26.50 27.85 26.17 28.11 28.17 25.75 28.15 00.00 00.00 26.35 25.73 26.90 23.80 29.10 00.00 26.72 26.95 26.61

177

28.26 31.45 34.75 00.00 00.00 31.46 00.00 00.00 30.75 28.70 33.00 00.00 27.30 27.50 28.85 00.00 00.00 26.65 00.00 32.18 27.90 26.10 27.90 28.68 29.47 22.75 33.80 35.35 00.00 28.70 28.38 29.05 33.45 00.00 33.95 32.65 32.55 29.09 00.00 29.75 28.10 28.56 30.17 00.00 31.25 30.17 28.00 31.20 00.00 00.00 26.92 30.60 28.60 26.40 32.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.97

22.50 25.60 25.10 20.40 22.10 00.00 26.70 19.50 23.78 2.63 00.00 20.55 21.76 20.87 21.50 18.93 17.50 21.70 23.60 27.85 22.10 00.00 21.02 24.34 23.80 15.45 24.90 25.05 21.65 23.06 23.25 21.25 25.45 20.25 00.00 25.25 26.15 21.50 27.25 23.71 20.88 23.00 23.65 21.60 00.00 24.15 23.75 24.15 18.90 15.75 21.30 23.19 23.50 19.25 27.10 18.54 24.18 22.99 22.45

24.40 27.15 30.70 22.80 22.05 00.00 26.00 23.10 27.10 25.70 00.00 25.62 00.00 25.80 24.45 21.27 20.70 23.48 24.78 26.86 22.00 00.00 23.09 24.60 24.00 20.95 27.40 26.69 23.90 25.09 25.45 25.65 30.72 23.05 00.00 27.60 26.90 25.50 28.35 26.60 21.85 25.04 24.70 24.75 00.00 00.00 25.96 25.87 21.70 20.10 24.10 26.13 24.00 22.05 26.65 24.25 23.38 26.33 25.55

Table A.2.17. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 58 121 129 130 207 238 241 243 244 370 5273 1114 1115 3528 3277 3579 3317 1652 1653 1654 2332 2333 2272 3077 3952 3630 1555 1561 2818 4302 7331 7332 6396 6397 2539 6649 6650 7502 7503 7043 7196 777 2845 2664 2665 3444 3251 3252 4036 1883 1884 1885 6961 3264 6591 2194 2223 1286 1766 1767

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G4 G4 H5 D10 B0 F11 G11 G11 G11

E1 G3 G4 G7 H5 H5 D10 D1 E24 E24 E25 E25 F11 F24 F24 F24 F24 G24 G25 I12 G3 G7 G7 H7 D10 D10 C1 E10 E10 E10 E26 F11 F25 G10 G10 G11 H11 H11

Layer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

GL 63.49 58.38 00.00 00.00 52.84 50.57 60.60 58.03 56.28 66.00 00.00 54.05 59.77 55.96 58.00 64.70 54.45 55.76 54.75 55.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 61.98 54.80 51.65 58.57 57.42 61.97 00.00 57.00 53.60 68.57 59.74 57.82 64.10 71.40 56.40 60.46 59.35 51.40 00.00 58.28 51.00 56.96 66.56 61.75 49.92 66.15 58.36 57.04 00.00 58.85 52.60 00.00 64.23 62.66 56.84 46.57 64.85

DL 53.80 47.17 00.00 00.00 44.16 38.89 52.03 46.37 46.46 53.. 00.00 40.43 47.42 44.50 46.71 55.45 45.40 45.48 42.23 46.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.53 45.00 45.50 50.08 46.91 49.85 00.00 46.30 46.40 52.31 49.55 47.85 48.90 54.85 47.58 50.85 48.93 42.55 00.00 00.00 37.15 48.63 53.44 47.00 42.60 51.33 48.23 00.00 00.00 48.55 43.75 00.00 50.12 52.04 45.55 38.34 55.28

178

BP 25.56 22.63 13.74 12.41 20.22 17.52 22.91 21.86 22.16 24.06 21.70 20.55 21.84 20.17 24.37 27.27 20.00 20.83 23.14 21.19 19.56 22.39 21.34 23.85 18.37 19.50 21.50 20.37 24.85 27.06 21.45 20.10 21.60 21.75 22.78 23.90 25.00 18.85 20.65 20.80 19.00 22.44 21.90 21.89 21.30 24.98 23.70 18.85 23.05 20.96 18.99 20.83 19.85 19.70 20.50 24.00 25.27 21.82 17.38 24.31

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.65 38.67 42.11 38.75 42.87 47.10 37.70 40.28 41.25 40.29 33.67 44.51 36.45 41.85 32.85 35.85 38.33 36.99 40.88 00.00 39.00 37.30 45.45 45.55 41.58 42.00 44.80 40.03 40.40 43.35 36.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.53 43.65 32.61 41.30 38.98 00.00 00.00 37.70 39.10 40.80 42.37 45.47 38.23 33.78 42.17

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1767A 3654 977 978 2957 8028 8138 8139 8140 5854 5855 7998 7999 5956 5958 7135 7136 7900 4778 4779 7772 660 4641 4752 5028 5029 4227 4322 4563 3705 4167 4201 5209 3876 1496 1498 3870 4361 4363 4296 581 582 4193 4194 1833 4855 4100 6119 4259 4965 634 4979 4980 4498 869 5174 5175 5176 5124 5125 5126 967 5060

H11 Hno127 C1 C1 D10 E24 E24 E24 E24 E27 E27 F24 F24 F25 F25 G24 G24 G27 B0 B0 D24&E25 Hno110 Hno111 Hno117 Hno119 Hno119 B6 F8 E5&B0 A3 B1 B2 B3 B6 G4 G4 B1 E1 E1 E4 E6 E6 E8 E8 G4 C0 A1&A2 Hno51 B2 B3 B5 C2 C2 D2 D5 D6 D6 D6 D7 D7 D7 E2 E5

3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

00.00 70.51 49.95 00.00 53.07 00.00 65.55 51.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 61.05 00.00 53.15 59.70 41.00 51.80 78.45 51.86 52.20 56.62 00.00 40.40 61.57 00.00 00.00 68.30 00.00 63.00 67.25 57.73 63.30 51.90 00.00 50.21 00.00 55.50 00.00 44.57 40.45 57.60 48.56 45.85 61.15 00.00 56.45 66.30 71.18 56.60 00.00 63/61 60.00 59.10 00.00 38.86 48.90 00.00 00.00 64.05 00.00 00.00 65.13 00.00

00.00 53.25 00.00 00.00 44.02 00.00 48.50 46.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.93 00.00 42.60 45.90 30.40 40.00 62.15 44.92 40.65 45.25 00.00 32.00 50.25 00.00 00.00 54.80 00.00 48.15 56.02 47.60 48.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.70 00.00 34.04 00.00 45.66 42.23 35.00 47.48 00.00 42.15 53.05 52.50 44.40 00.00 50.42 48.80 51.05 00.00 29.28 41.20 00.00 00.00 51.70 00.00 00.00 50.97 00.00

179

22.22 28.44 24.12 20.55 20.57 17.05 21.50 19.40 17.15 22.25 22.90 21.75 19.25 19.10 20.22 13.50 14.05 25.78 21.60 20.00 21.55 25.23 13.85 23.52 21.70 20.45 27.65 22.45 22.55 25.65 20.53 25.40 20.75 37.80 20.45 19.80 21.25 17.10 19.75 24.80 22.07 18.84 14.75 22.20 21.04 21.40 21.60 23.85 21.10 19.90 25.73 20.50 20.80 26.35 13.68 19.90 20.52 24.25 22.55 20.30 23.26 19.21 18.50

40.67 50.89 00.00 29.94 36.53 31.65 43.85 36.07 33.15 37.90 42.85 43.65 38.75 35.00 43.48 23.63 28.00 48.20 37.65 35.93 40.90 00.00 27.10 44.79 44.05 41.00 46.69 38.93 41.65 47.50 40.75 41.34 42.55 20.40 00.00 39.23 40.05 31.36 32.48 27.85 00.00 00.00 27.65 41.90 36.04 38.70 39.45 47.10 34.95 40.55 00.00 39.52 45.49 47.60 26.20 35.90 40.55 38.91 42.70 36.95 43.70 43.40 34.75

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5061 5073 5077 4934 4935 4614 3665 3669 4717 4718 3890 4708 4481 4600 3733 4889 4132 4133 4959 1744 1745 705 4684 4685 4352 798 5116 2876 2877 2878 2879 721 4236 4237 4238 4230 4835 4836 4837 686 687 5245 5149 6100 6009 5233 5334 5523 3691 3692 4177 4178 6320 6209 6210 4276 4277 4278 4279 5842A 5843A 6271 5736

E5 E5 E5 E6 E6 E7 E8 E8 B0 B0 B3&C3 Hno61 Hno64 Hno65 Hno69 Hno71 X3&B2 X3&B2 KILN A1 A1 B1 B6 B6 C1 C5 C5 D5 D5 D5 D5 D6 E4 E4 E4 C1 E1 E1 E1 A1 A1 B1 B2 B4 B7 C3 D5 D8 B1 B1 B1 B1 B5 B6 B6 C2 C2 C2 C2 C6 C6 C8 E3

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

00.00 00.00 44.57 54.05 61.80 58.80 58.45 00.00 54.46 59.08 66.95 56.99 57.40 67.00 53.65 54.11 65.88 49.25 58.67 00.00 00.00 56.80 52.65 55.45 66.75 00.00 63.55 00.00 00.00 65.03 00.00 00.00 60.65 59.56 69.05 74.45 41.55 39.65 55.61 63.71 55.40 00.00 00.00 52.20 00.00 00.00 54.10 54.20 49.10 33.93 61.05 47.45 80.80 63.73 00.00 33.80 49.88 48.00 57.00 50.40 51.80 00.00 62.60

00.00 00.00 00.00 44.00 49.58 49.00 46.98 00.00 44.85 47.49 48.32 44.65 40.30 51.90 46.05 44.65 55.52 45.56 50.15 00.00 00.00 47.63 44.20 47.65 53.39 49.11 52.37 00.00 00.00 52.33 37.50 00.00 47.85 49.40 55.75 60.99 00.00 00.00 40.36 50.56 45.15 00.00 00.00 43.45 00.00 00.00 45.20 45.25 43.27 28.30 50.45 40.75 62.70 52.01 00.00 28.65 41.40 40.30 47.65 41.05 44.72 00.00 48.95

180

22.65 26.15 00.00 21.05 24.10 24.00 22.25 23.00 20.85 21.47 24.82 21.20 22.35 23.56 19.00 19.65 26.45 17.28 21.60 20.28 19.77 20.52 19.15 19.55 24.00 21.02 24.65 26.19 24.18 23.70 19.37 22.62 22.65 23.88 26.35 27.89 28.25 25.65 22.00 22.35 23.09 20.05 14.75 18.40 26.70 22.90 20.30 19.50 18.88 14.19 22.95 16.10 29.20 22.65 24.08 11.90 19.15 19.67 20.65 21.40 19.85 19.67 21.08

41.95 43.75 00.00 37.98 45.20 42.17 40.69 40.44 38.75 40.22 43.13 39.85 42.56 43.80 38.15 38.20 45.06 34.90 41.21 38.15 37.58 00.00 36.68 35.84 46.40 00.00 00.00 44.57 45.18 46.93 00.00 00.00 38.27 45.08 47.10 49.85 31.46 27.87 37.19 00.00 00.00 39.07 29.33 38.50 48.80 42.82 38.55 35.30 34.40 24.95 40.80 29.45 47.65 44.11 49.45 25.50 36.95 38.65 39.85 36.53 00.00 38.08 40.76

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5725 5318 6136 6137 5503 5837 5838 5839 5441 5770 5771 5772 5773 5816 4677 4678 5455 5456 5910 6280 6281 6075 5486 6088 6089 6334 6257 6258 6259 4793 4794 5658 5659 5635 5636 5685 5578 5579 5580 5427 6237 5701 6028 5356 240

Hno77 Hno79 Hno83 Hno83 Hno85 B3 B3 B3 B4 B5 B5 B5 B5 E4 B0 B0 B1 B1 B3 B3 B3 B5 C1 D4 D4 E4 E9 E9 E9 B0 B0 A5 A5 C5 C5 D7 E3 E3 E3 E4 E5 E9 Hno87 Hno95 C4

12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16

55.30 53.60 41.05 43.15 56.82 55.75 73.05 62.58 54.85 53.67 63.80 63.55 00.00 48.15 63.55 72.89 51.85 51.88 54.80 50.45 55.35 51.95 68.85 59.45 54.20 57.50 71.51 61.10 62.35 54.15 62.10 60.42 61.20 65.77 67.68 68.40 58.83 52.05 00.00 65.15 39.70 66.80 41.55 52.65 63.11

46.70 43.95 31.10 34.15 47.75 44.72 63.30 48.00 46.60 45.30 49.85 51.50 00.00 41.75 47.09 59.75 41.85 43.10 43.95 38.70 44.00 43.20 53.40 46.20 40.30 47.75 57.05 49.10 00.00 45.45 48.75 49.68 46.00 53.00 54.61 50.65 49.00 43.97 00.00 54.35 32.30 59.50 33.75 41.38 48.63

21.45 22.25 15.60 15.95 20.40 22.75 26.64 26.84 22.30 17.85 22.85 24.25 19.30 19.55 22.10 24.15 20.08 20.02 20.38 19.60 19.95 20.35 27.85 19.20 21.00 21.15 27.10 21.65 20.75 21.65 22.05 23.75 21.60 25.95 27.65 24.10 20.20 19.70 20.55 27.35 14.00 25.15 15.13 21.85 22.20

38.65 40.50 30.00 32.70 39.35 39.75 46.70 41.50 42.80 33.65 44.60 43.90 36.85 35.55 43.75 49.50 36.88 36.35 40.05 33.70 40.15 37.76 47.11 37.87 38.07 40.05 44.75 40.10 00.00 36.80 37.48 42.80 42.80 45.70 45.45 45.15 44.45 37.55 41.20 46.21 28.06 47.05 27.45 39.20 00.00

Table A.2.18. Measurements of Maxillary first/second premolar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2299 4028 2835 3234 3599 6589 2911 5878 5877 1869 3814 3871 4210 4272

Trench E1 G4 D10 G11 I6 F25 G10 E27 E27 G11 F8 F8 D8&E7 B2

Layer 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 8

GL 17.89 17.17 19.20 16.45 16.49 14.90 17.43 17.30 15.55 18.65 15.33 15.45 17.35 10.07

181

GB 17.45 15.80 18.86 11.11 12.85 17.20 13.59 10.65 16.60 12.93 13.72 18.45 11.30 18.06

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4999 5857A 8160

C2 C6 A1

8 12 14

17.75 15.12 16.35

15.88 18.00 10.95

Table A.2.19. Measurements of Maxillary fourth premolar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2967 5229

Trench D10 E1

Layer 4 11

GL 15.89 14.75

GB 10.39 18.10

Table A.2.20. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5290 6354 3561 3361 1734 1735 3117 3102 3100 4009 4029 4010 3592 2831 2833 2834 2832 4076 7342 3018 2602 7585 7584 7583 2390 2799 2800 3501 3259 2322 2323 2250 2235 2914 2391 2400 2398 2395 2401 2392 2397 2433 2394 2399 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407

Trench LJP A3&B3 H5 F11 G11 G11 E2 G3 G3 G4 G4 G4 I6 D10 D10 D10 D10 C0 E24 F10 F11 F26 F26 F26 G26 H11 H11 H7 D10 E10 E10 F11 G10 G10 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26

Layer 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

GL 28.00 27.15 32.52 26.80 28.74 25.67 30.07 28.11 22.83 29.85 22.45 29/40 29.10 27.54 29.16 25.62 28.30 27.30 30.00 28.05 31.50 28.57 27.68 28.40 29.41 27.03 30.82 28.70 28.16 28.09 31.10 31.78 26.95 24.40 29.45 30.33 25.54 27.16 29.43 26.47 26.18 00.00 28.84 31.94 25.75 28.23 27.17 27.22 27.43 26.62

182

GB 18.95 17.35 20.90 17.42 16.13 18.34 24.96 19.89 18.27 15.15 16.63 15.10 18.60 23.80 21.39 22.72 17.83 17.85 16.90 18.18 17.77 19.10 18.70 17.80 15.39 15.56 20.14 19.85 18.30 15.93 16.60 19.01 15.18 20.73 19.81 20.45 16.53 22.34 17.01 18.69 19.22 16.53 17.94 19.00 18.14 20.02 19.92 19.19 19.42 19.62

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2393 2408 2396 2409 2411 2412 2413 2410 2419 1816 5982 5981 1873 4066 4065 2981 3813 4771 3608 4431 4430 3662 4401 4998 3684 3682 4500 5140 5141 5137 5138 5139 4619 3907 3906 3908 4722 3740 4898 4899 5117 5118 5718 6097 5348 5345 5349 5347 5346 5745 5746 6019 5944 6223 5859A 5854A 5853A 5856A 5855A 5627 5626 6303 6304

F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 H5 F25 F25 G11 Hno115 Hno115 B3 F8 A5 B6 E7 E7 B0 B6 C2 C6 C6 D2 D7 D7 D7 D7 D7 E7 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 Hno68 Hno69 Hno71 Hno71 C5 C5 B6 C7 D5 D5 D5 D5 D5 D6 D6 E3 B3 B6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 D7 D7 Hno81 Hno81

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

27.52 29.56 31.15 26.42 28.80 25.82 25.11 25.09 29.07 28.96 24.40 25.60 27.81 22.15 27.30 30.05 28.70 26.25 27.40 27.42 23.65 26.50 26.67 29.25 27.15 28.35 26.10 26.30 28.45 21.45 24.20 24.65 29.30 23.84 27.90 24.93 30.03 27.99 29.30 25.60 24.27 24.95 30.30 28.78 23.53 29.75 29.71 20.94 30.27 28.40 28.25 31.60 34.57 21.35 24.40 29.05 26.90 28.80 28.10 22.22 21.35 30.31 25.90

183

18.66 21.31 22.60 20.78 20.04 17.13 19.90 18.20 19.89 17.75 14.65 14.88 18.17 19.70 17.35 19.65 15.71 17.80 17.00 15.33 15.05 17.33 13.55 17.10 14.14 16.40 14.15 15.30 19.80 15.00 14.55 15.85 17.45 19.80 20.95 23.80 17.75 29.65 19.40 17.95 14.15 19.30 18.10 24.20 16.95 17.57 17.00 19.68 20.45 18.85 18.80 23.00 23.35 15.30 18.95 17.55 16.80 20.10 18.10 18.20 19.75 20.00 17.95

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5790 4683 6314 6080 4806 4807 4804 5589 5591 6244 6243 5705 5704 6034 6036 6035 2514 2513

Hno74 B0 A5 B5 B0 B0 B0 E3 E3 E5 E5 E9 E9 Hno87 Hno87 Hno87 D3 D3

12 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16

25.25 26.85 31.60 28.02 29.60 25.78 27.40 27.10 25.50 29.80 29.40 29.85 27.60 28.43 22.35 28.55 18.17 20.59

14.90 16.25 18.55 21.55 20.34 18.95 20.30 17.20 14.88 17.60 17.75 21.55 20.80 21.35 14.30 20.10 14.03 17.82

Table A.2.21. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3118 675

Trench E2 Hno110

Layer 2 4

GL 28.88 27.95

GB 20.68 10.50

Table A.2.22. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5291 1132 1131 3560 2324 2418 5980 4569 3663 5852A 6292 6293 4805 4803 6242

Trench LJP G4 G4 H5 E10 F25&F26 F25 E5&B0 C0 C6 C7 C7 B0 B0 E5

Layer 0 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 12 12 12 14 14 15

GL 28.25 27.97 32.01 32.55 28.78 30.56 29.10 29.40 30.18 27.08 27.50 27.40 28.08 28.42 29.40

GB 18.45 00.00 16.26 18.52 19.28 21.86 19.05 20.05 17.60 17.10 18.95 18.70 18.87 18.75 19.80

Table A.2.23. Measurements of Mandibular incisors of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2742 4014 2742 4723 4900 5631 5751 5750 6305

Trench G6 G4 D10 Hno68 Hno71 B4 D6 D6 Hno81

Layer 1 2 4 8 8 11 11 11 12

GL 14.11 15.75 16.88 11.90 13.75 15.30 14.86 14.33 14.35

GB 8.89 9.15 9.92 6.26 9.90 9.20 7.55 9.70 8.60

Table A.2.24. Measurements of Mandibular first/second premolar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2963 3706 3872

Trench D10 A3 F8

Layer 4 6 6

GL 18.65 20.20 18.80

184

GB 12.17 12.30 8.65

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3873 4712 4829 3904 6010 6020 6139 6222 6221

F8 Hno61 D3 B3&C3 B7 E3 Hno83 B6 B6

6 8 8 8 11 11 12 12 12

21.73 18.16 21.13 18.83 24.70 22.25 21.74 20.21 21.94

10.85 9.20 11.10 10.87 11.30 11.10 12.17 11.00 12.60

Table A.2.25. Measurements of Mandibular second premolar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2292 10 4822

Trench E1 B2 B0

Layer 2 12 12

GL 15.54 17.47 13.15

GB 6.73 11.77 9.25

Table A.2.26. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7586 3261 3262 5219 4199 4713 5200 5201 5199

Trench F26 D10 D10 B3 E8 Hno61 C3 C3 C3

Layer 2 3 3 6 7 8 9 9 9

GL 22.77 19.50 19.41 21.13 21.50 19.60 17.85 33.55 18.05

GB 11.50 11.30 11.55 11.20 13.20 7.42 7.65 10.85 7.55

Table A.2.27. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molars of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 6353 2948 1978 2293 4011 1626 2836 2604 2603 2801 2647 2251 2253 2252 2215 2216 2214 4543 4544 2432 2414 2415 2416 2431 2434 2435 2965 6852 6853 6854

Trench A3&B3 H10 H11 E1 G4 H5 D10 F11 F11 H11 H11 F11 F11 F11 G10 G10 G10 H12 H12 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 D10 G26 G26 G26

Layer 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

GL 26.25 24.30 29.06 28.85 32.62 25.99 30.51 27.82 27.82 27.33 26.09 29.73 30.56 29.98 29.05 31.11 28.87 28.00 30.07 28.50 25.99 27.36 00.00 28.40 25.68 25.39 26.26 30.65 26.25 29.80

185

GB 11.55 14.78 11.15 11.59 12.10 12.10 12.36 11.84 11.84 10.42 10.93 10.12 10.38 11.21 12.38 11.06 10.35 12.20 12.22 12.98 14.31 17.32 17.28 11.66 12.97 14.02 13.91 11.60 11.55 12.15

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4783 4122 4366 4373 4432 4437 4198 3664 4271 4400 4402 4403 4742 5004 4828 5188 5189 5142 4706 3905 4143 3739 4896 4148 4503 4571 5015 4235 5242 5350 5748 5747 5749 5943 6217 6219 6218 6220 5608 5607 5606 6275 6276 5739 531 6368 5546 5545 4682 5674 6316 6315 5800 5491 5490 5649 5647 5997 5998 5312 5313 6266 4808

B0 C3 E1 E5 E7 E7 E8 C0 B2 B6 B6 B6 C1 C2 D3 D6 D6 D7 F3 B2&C2 X0 Hno69 Hno71 Hno73 D2 E3 B1 C1 B1 D5 D6 D6 D6 B3 B6 B6 B6 B6 C3 C3 C3 C8 C8 E3 Hno50 Hno80

B0 A4 A5 A5 B5 C1 C1 C6 C6 D6 D6 E3 E3 E9 B0

4 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

28.00 31.83 29.75 27.70 24.40 30.55 27.05 29.94 25.38 28.97 30.25 27.89 26.35 24.20 28.51 27.65 30.05 25.05 33.09 24.86 31.70 30.02 24.40 27.55 23.95 28.20 28.25 27.58 27.55 25.50 26.65 29.10 29.80 28.70 28.99 25.20 30.33 32.30 28.60 25.65 25.65 29.30 30.50 28.00 27.81 26.75 28.12 28.00 32.80 26.65 31.06 26.85 26.10 31.90 28.60 25.50 31.40 31.58 29.28 30.30 28.90 27.60 26.70

186

14.67 11.24 11.14 13.10 11.40 12.25 15.25 12.75 13.99 11.55 11.72 10.60 11.85 13.18 10.23 11.95 11.35 11.55 13.25 11.60 12.25 11.15 14.40 11.35 11.90 10.75 11.48 13.23 12.07 14.83 11.30 12.50 12.65 11.47 14.10 12.18 13.46 13.90 12.45 12.15 11.50 12.70 11.30 11.75 13.34 14.50 11.12 12.00 12.50 13.20 12.25 13.20 12.50 13.55 12.86 10.20 12.26 13.65 12.56 12.80 16.50 11.10 11.50

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4809 5420 5588 5590 5439 6038 6037

B0 C3 E3 E3 E4 Hno87 Hno87

14 15 15 15 15 16 16

24.12 29.0 30.15 26.45 26.05 31.45 28.22

13.68 11.75 13.95 15.65 14.69 12.25 12.00

Table A.2.28. Measurements of Mandibular third molars of Bos indicus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3099 4012 3260 2230 2437 2436 2962 2963 4782 2980 2982 3777 4433 4412 4482 4897 5717 4295 6141 5766 5310 5311

Trench G3 G4 D10 G10 F25&F26 F25&F26 D10 D10 B0 B3 B3 F8 7 C7 Hno64 Hno71 B6 C2 Hno83 D8 E3 E3

Layer 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 11 12 12 14 14 14

GL 37.95 33.55 36.15 37.45 40.08 37.38 33.85 35.74 36.54 32.61 34.77 34.80 37.55 37.75 36.85 35.75 35.50 34.25 37.70 37.75 42.10 37.68

GB 16.46 10.95 14.30 13.74 13.52 12.45 14.25 12.15 12.30 13.32 12.87 13.95 13.15 15.10 14.90 14.40 12.55 12.80 14.15 13.70 15.00 13.95

Table A.2.29. Measurements of Mandibles with symphysis and teeth of Bos indicus MS – Mandibular Symphysis, MC- Mandibular condyle, p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar, dp2,dp3, dp4 –deciduous second, third and fourth premolars. Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1129 1017 1200

Trench G4 E10 F10

Layer 1 1 1

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1728 1980 1974

G11 H11 H11

1 1 1

INM-1

4922

F13

1

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

8079 3580 5513 2287 3096

F24 B0 Hno85 E1 G3

1 1 1 2 2

INM-1

3097

G3

2

Mandible MC MC p2 p3 p4 p4 MC m1 m2 p2 p3 MC MC p4 MC p2 p3 p2 p3

Length 00.00 00.00 8.58 19.49 22.14 22.18 00.00 21.81 24.64 9.47 20.85 00.00 00.00 22.50 00.00 11.83 16.37 11.75 19.40

187

Width 42.32 41.44 6.93 9.38 11.29 10.36 47.13 11.92 12.50 5.75 9.43 44.86 30.03 10.86 44.70 00.00 9.54 8.70 9.84

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.40 37.71 27.55 29.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

INM-1

3996

G4

2

INM-1

3997

G4

2

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4023 1622 1090

G4 H5 H7

2 2 2

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1141 2591 850 7507 1440 4075 2867

E10 F11 F12 F24 D25 C0 G3

2 2 2 2 2 2 3

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1897 2320 2360 2231 2234 2249 3793

E10 E10 E10 G10 G10 F11 H12

3 3 3 3 3 3 3

INM-1 INM-1

4545 2459

H12 D24

3 3

INM-1

2460

D24

3

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

670 671 5214 4418 4741 4553 639 4411 3611 3900

Hno110 Hno110 B3 C1 C4 B5 C7 C0 B3&C3

4 4 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3901 3903 4596 1 4289 5605 5512 5568

B3&C3 B3&C3 E3 B2 C2 C3 Hno85 D4

8 8 9 12 12 12 12 15

dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 p3 p4 m1 MC m2 MS p2 MS MC MC MS MC p4 MS p2 p3 MS MS m3 MS p2 MS p2 p3 MC dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 m3 m1 m2 m3 MC MC MC MC m3 MC MC MC MC m1 m2 MS MS MC MC MC m1 MC p2

9.40 19.25 31.25 26.45 17.36 17.10 00.00 00.00 25.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.89 27.81 29.87 00.00 27.23 27.75 30.91 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.35 26.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.35 00.00 00.00

188

5.90 8.30 10.00 10.08 7.58 9.94 00.00 44.00 16.03 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.64 41.69 00.00 32.59 14.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.85 00.00 00.00 12.31 12.09 11.98 00.00 14.83 11.00 9.65 30.51 44.63 32.02 29.47 15.65 41.05 46.35 43.98 41.50 12.90 13.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.41 21.61 14.90 42.30 00.00

22.75 26.80 30.40 36.50 00.00 31.48 34.00 00.00 00.00 32.00 32.44 31.52 00.00 00.00 41.85 00.00 00.00 36.37 38.04 40.08 31.66 32.20 00.00 30.70 40.77 29.99 23.45 27.66 00.00 31.69 40.65 46.06 52.72 62.05 71.26 00.00 62.73 67.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.85 40.35 46.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.00

p3 p4

00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00

31.95 33.80

Table A.2.30. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Bos indicus M1- Maxillary first molar, M2- Maxillary second molar, M3-Maxillary third molar Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2361

Trench E10

Layer 3

INM-1 INM-1

2362 2213

E10 G10

3 3

Teeth M1 M2 M3 M2 M3

Length 27.68 26.75 28.21 22.50 24.42

Width 15.05 17.26 25.92 14.43 14.87

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.3. Measurements of Bones of Bubalus bubalis Table A.3.1. Measurements of Scapula of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 312

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

GLP 00.00

LG 52.56

BG 43.76

SLC 49.77

LA 00.00

Table A.3.2. Measurements of Radius of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 6962

Trench E26

Layer 3

DD 34.40

BP 68.45

TP 35.00

Table A.3.3. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 35 193 3116 4304 6652 2782 2904 1280 1776 1777 1778 4992 4993 5132 4946 4618 4719 720 5338 5527 5528 5267 5661 5359

Trench LJP LJP B0 F24 H11 G10 G11 H11 H11 H11 C2 C2 D7 E6 E7 B0 B1 D5 D8 D8 C0 A5 Hno95

Layer 1-4 1-4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 11 11 11 15 16

BP 00.00 50.04 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.05 00.00 00.00 45.35 00.00 54.75 47.80 00.00 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 29.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 36.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.10 00.00 00.00 25.53 00.00 32.90 28.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

189

BD 58.81 00.00 54.10 62.46 54.40 00.00 48.77 65.78 62.35 52.38 50.92 51.60 52.65 60.05 00.00 65.25 50.25 00.00 60.45 00.00 00.00 62.15 51.22 62.45

TD 00.00 00.00 30.60 33.17 30.40 00.00 26.38 34.55 34.79 28.73 28.02 28.55 28.90 00.00 00.00 35.50 27.12 00.00 31.90 00.00 00.00 32.85 28.35 33.97

WT 28.33 00.00 25.63 28.63 25.90 00.00 22.38 32.04 29.78 25.30 23.45 24.40 24.75 28.79 00.00 30.80 23.90 00.00 28.85 00.00 00.00 28.95 24.73 29.08

TT 30.63 00.00 29.92 31.85 31.36 00.00 26.14 34.27 34.52 28.20 28.14 28.60 28.55 31.30 00.00 35.47 26.58 00.00 31.85 00.00 00.00 32.80 28.16 33.50

TLT 23.00 00.00 22.35 21.40 23.20 00.00 19.59 28.65 25.28 22.44 21.13 20.94 20.80 21.00 00.00 24.05 21.08 00.00 23.60 00.00 00.00 22.60 22.00 25.97

Table A.3.4. Measurements of Metapodia of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 733 6410

Trench Hno70&73 E25

Layer 0 2

BD 73.66 65.85

TD 33.98 33.75

WT 36.82 31.00

TT 33.90 33.05

TLT 27.12 26.50

Table A.3.5. Measurements of Tibia of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 4371

Trench E5

Layer 7

BD 53.30

TD 40.80

Table A.3.6. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 61 2787 2850 5179 3668 5324

Trench LJP H11 G3 D6 E8 Hn079

Layer 1-4 2 3 8 8 12

BP 00.00 00.00 49.70 00.00 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 45.86 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 67.79 52.15 00.00 53.60 67.70 56.55

TD 00.00 28.56 00.00 28.76 31.40 30.60

WT 33.77 23.61 00.00 25.55 30.14 24.90

Table A.3.7. Measurements of Calcaneum of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3509 2309 5796

Trench H7 E10 B5

Layer 3 3 14

GL 00.00 00.00 00.00

DD 40.85 46.44 39.65

Table A.3.8. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 334 4982 4983 4984 7679 7695 5030 5031 514 4966 4950 4890 5150 5677 5787 5327 5473 5686

Trench LJP C2 C2 C2 G25 G25 HnO119 Hno119 F3 B3 E6 Hno71 B2 C8 Hno74 Hno79 D3 D7

Layer 1-4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 8 8 8 11 11 12 12 15 15

GL 71.95 57.40 47.20 49.95 51.20 52.55 50.15 54.15 45.80 52.60 55.15 51.90 53.35 55.65 53.33 50.60 45.58 57.70

Table A.3.9. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 120 347 2022 990 991 2918 2327 2067

Trench LJP LJP G7 E10 E10 H10 G6

Layer 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 2 2

GL 62.03 65.01 00.00 57.66 60.67 61.56 67.06 00.00

BP 00.00 33.12 24.98 31.81 33.48 31.07 33.08 00.00

190

TP 00.00 35.36 27.73 35.42 35.84 32.13 34.67 00.00

BD 00.00 30.89 00.00 28.74 29.68 30.16 30.31 00.00

TD 00.00 24.28 00.00 00.00 22.76 00.00 23.17 26.79

TT 34.10 28.28 00.00 28.76 30.96 30.52

TLT 25.74 22.25 00.00 21.49 22.35 21.17

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3601 3242 1230 2177 2180 2888 1287 1288 1289 2635 651 578 4851 5026 640 857 3670 3672 4671 5160 4606 4607 3886 2874 603 593

G4 D10 D25 G10 G10 G10 G11 G11 G11 H11 Hno110 E6 C0 Hno119 B5 Hno60&67 C6 C6 D4 D6 E7 E7 B3&C3 D5 C3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11

68.05 57.80 58.81 67.61 62.81 62.44 62.33 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 59.26 60.27 58.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 63.03 58.05 00.00 59.05 66.50 53.58 00.00 00.00 00.00

29.80 27.45 27.49 35.55 32.27 27.85 29.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.32 33.50 32.80 29.73 00.00 30.44 30.36 30.70 00.00 30.30 33.55 28.00 27.27 00.00 31.07

34.36 28.68 29.15 39.78 33.92 33.92 28.43 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 36.00 35.16 33.85 29.31 00.00 33.20 32.72 31.05 00.00 33.90 33.76 29.43 29.64 00.00 24.15

28.50 26.07 27.29 31.43 28.04 26.71 28.32 25.57 29.13 29.56 27.98 27.89 31.65 30.80 00.00 29.39 00.00 29.07 30.57 32.15 30.90 33.66 25.91 00.00 24.45 00.00

21.40 20.70 21.33 24.49 20.95 20.67 00.00 20.52 22.93 22.81 20.72 20.64 23.70 21.38 00.00 22.12 00.00 00.00 27.85 24.00 23.00 24.32 19.20 00.00 18.09 00.00

TP 32.32 25.49 29.03 00.00 33.53 36.58 33.87 00.00 30.06 00.00 30.20 32.12 34.50 00.00 42.35 31.14 27.84 00.00 31.71 33.85 31.38 29.21 29.99 35.90 26.33 33.85 30.37 28.09 29.42 32.78 31.56 29.77 00.00

BD 23.59 00.00 22.08 31.10 26.80 29.37 27.84 20.33 23.16 26.65 26.30 26.05 26.78 29.15 00.00 23.93 24.10 24.08 25.08 28.70 24.85 22.77 24.10 25.71 21.11 00.00 22.83 20.79 23.91 28.18 28.97 27.37 30.05

TD 26.71 00.00 25.58 30.98 31.35 31.06 29.39 24.57 26.62 29.46 27.75 26.32 29.05 28.55 00.00 25.22 26.76 25.05 28.65 31.43 26.30 24.62 27.82 29.02 24.49 31.51 25.36 23.74 25.39 29.81 31.35 30.00 31.82

Table A.3.10. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 132 228 231 248 3796 988 989 2061 1550 3380 7330 7451 7453 7044 7045 2843 2844 3248 1220 4033 4034 1881 1882 2307 1819A 1282 2368 2369 2370 1374 567 1803 3039

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP G6 E10 E10 G6 H5 H6 E24 E25 E25 G24 G24 G3 G3 D10 D25 C0 C0 E10 E10 E10 F10 G11 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 E1 F8 H5 H7

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

GL 41.48 40.81 37.90 42.16 45.07 45.80 43.44 00.00 42.99 45.35 41.85 47.18 46.20 00.00 63.55 44.47 40.96 39.15 46.37 46.65 44.30 40.70 42.42 47.21 38.60 45.06 41.91 40.80 40.19 45.41 39.78 37.23 45.70

BP 29.24 26.01 24.80 33.31 34.05 30.84 31.58 24.07 26.22 31.50 28.30 31.25 32.28 00.00 22.50 28.31 26.36 28.00 31.39 30.40 31.18 25.19 27.56 32.37 23.68 28.83 25.43 25.71 26.82 30.70 30.34 31.00 33.06

191

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1855 7672 4052 3704 2004 1494 579 4853 4548 4379 4578 4579 4580 4581 4582 5171 5172 5173 969 5057 5059 4444 4456 4612 4613 4129 4130 4131 707 708 4349 4350 799 4032 5012 6095 6096 5520 5521 5522 5550 4176 5500 5501 5834 5794 5795 5484 5652 5470 5471 5562 5694

G11 G25 Hno115 A3 G3 G4 E6 C0 C4 C5 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 E2 E5 E5 E6 E7 E7 E7 X3 X3 X3 B1 B1 C1 C1 C5 B1&B2 B1 C7 C7 D8 D8 D8 E9 B1 Hno85 Hno85 B3 B5 B5 C1 A5 D3 D3 D4 E9

4 4 4 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15

43.70 39.17 00.00 37.45 44.57 40.06 45.57 46.60 38.05 47.65 47.68 45.58 00.00 42.84 42.47 43.42 42.35 43.45 00.00 45.65 43.10 40.50 00.00 00.00 47.25 40.66 41.65 40.75 00.00 00.00 40.95 45.25 41.67 45.65 53.63 43.30 44.20 43.02 38.54 36.55 00.00 00.00 42.55 43.16 45.33 44.10 46.95 42.74 45.10 00.00 00.00 39.07 43.45

29.04 25.82 26.85 28.07 28.25 26.26 32.74 35.08 24.35 37.20 32.11 31.13 29.62 27.76 27.97 30.60 31.65 33.30 29.00 30.30 31.12 28.40 23.65 30.85 31.57 27.33 28.07 26.40 24.86 31.10 28.70 32.65 29.78 32.45 37.85 31.95 30.53 30.65 26.97 25.05 30.58 31.35 24.57 27.06 29.65 32.98 31.00 27.80 30.26 26.65 00.00 27.15 28.45

31.93 27.75 00.00 28.31 31.98 26.95 34.66 36.70 26.10 36.13 34.50 32.10 00.00 30.38 28.95 34.58 33.41 00.00 29.77 30.52 28.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 36.27 29.22 28.09 30.20 26.12 32.28 32.85 33.88 31.16 34.75 38.60 32.05 35.25 34.18 27.90 27.05 00.00 00.00 28.18 29.15 32.65 33.15 34.35 30.85 31.58 00.00 00.00 28.15 32.60

25.77 23.30 00.00 23.50 24.89 26.77 29.92 29.94 21.10 30.59 28.45 26.65 27.31 23.44 23.16 27.38 30.40 30.70 23.97 27.10 28.72 26.65 29.20 27.18 30.50 23.20 27.04 22.25 24.27 28.56 28.00 30.36 28.07 30.50 31.00 28.00 29.85 29.45 24.49 21.83 26.47 27.67 21.28 21.20 28.17 26.80 24.38 25.42 27.15 27.18 23.85 26.20 26.02

Table A.3.11. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2030 1194 4301 4303 1142 1334

Trench G7 F10 B0 B0 E10 G11

Layer 1 1 3 3 3 3

GL 52.30 00.00 41.30 46.32 61.22 65.43

DL 47.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.63

192

BP 00.00 24.81 28.54 30.80 00.00 25.77

TP 00.00 48.98 29.60 32.96 00.00 45.00

26.69 23.80 00.00 28.45 27.09 28.17 32.66 30.40 23.45 33.90 30.15 27.03 29.03 25.65 25.53 29.55 30.69 00.00 26.28 27.70 29.20 28.60 32.60 28.25 35.06 28.21 23.68 25.80 00.00 00.00 28.95 29.00 30.49 30.75 35.40 28.50 29.73 30.35 25.25 24.67 27.30 31.26 22.18 00.00 27.35 27.93 26.95 27.00 28.85 30.70 24.86 24.80 29.68

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

758 1244 2240 2617 4392 699 4833

I12 D25 F11 H10 B6 B1 E1

3 3 3 3 8 9 10

57.40 66.59 93.04 61.33 53.20 00.00 46.00

48.97 51.57 79.57 00.00 44.05 52.75 00.00

23.91 24.64 35.60 22.13 23.65 00.00 31.25

00.00 46.62 60.57 36.51 42.50 00.00 33.20

Table A.3.12. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1022 2913

Trench E10 G10

Layer 1 3

GL 31.42 18.45

GB 21.18 20.77

Table A.3.13. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1130

Trench G4

Layer 1

GL 30.05

GB 21.03

Table A.3.14. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Bubalus bubalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4923

Trench F13

Layer 1

1091

H7

2

Mandible m2 m3 p2

Length 24.75 00.00 00.00

Width 15.67 14.95 00.00

Height 00.00 00.00 32.96

p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar. Table A.4. Measurements of Bones of Bos/Bubalus Table A.4.1. Measurements of Humerus of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 8146

Trench E24

Layer 4

GL 00.00

DD 00.00

BP 00.00

TP 00.00

BD 77.70

TD 35.50

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.05 00.00

BD 52.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.05 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 29.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.50 00.00 00.00 00.00

WT 22.55 00.00 29.24 24.26 23.25 26.10 00.00 24.50

Table A.4.2. Measurements of Metacarpal of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4913 4927 1959 1281 5859 4445 4955 4720

Trench F13 F13 H11 G11 E27 E6 E6 B0

Layer 1 1 1 3 4 8 8 8

DD 00.00 23.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.00 00.00

Table A.4.3. Measurements of Metapodia of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 391 392 1158 4912 1961 1009 1137 7334 6411 2581

Trench LJP LJP EMBANK F13 H11 E10 E10 E24 E25 F11

Layer 1-4 1-4 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

BD 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.58 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

193

WT 22.23 23.23 30.50 19.02 30.00 22.37 21.70 30.20 24.85 23.78

TT 29.07 25.93 34.74 30.00 35.01 28.25 27.93 31.85 31.31 28.39

TLT 26.52 21.18 26.14 21.85 26.43 18.61 21.20 26.10 22.50 20.44

TT 27.90 00.00 33.70 32.19 27.20 29.28 00.00 27.37

TLT 21.60 00.00 26.17 22.63 19.35 22.50 00.00 21.76

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2582 2583 7198 7199 7197 2798 7454 7455 2688 1891 1892 3755 1786 3655 8156 8143 1863 4649 4647 4648 5018 4726 4623 4203 4202 4208 3779 3778 516 4396 4664 4665 4968 4967 4739 4738 862 4589 4586 4587 5183 5181 5184 5185 5182 5131 4458 4457 3735 4162 4160 4161 730 731 4962 807 805 803

F11 F11 G25 G25 G25 H11 E25 E25 G7 E10 E10 G11 H11 Hno127 A2 E24 G11 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno122 B1 B2 B2 B2 E1 E8 E8 F3 B6 A5 A5 B3 B3 C1 C1 D5 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D6 D7 E7 E7 Hno69 Hno72 Hno72 Hno72 Hno70&73 Hno70&73 KILNB1 C5 C5 C5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 60.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

194

24.11 23.42 27.73 23.17 28.85 28.63 24.25 25.91 27.96 25.88 25.15 25.85 22.12 23.67 26.19 25.00 29.04 19.48 22.79 25.93 21.60 23.90 22.35 23.95 22.75 23.50 24.05 24.00 24.26 23.49 24.35 21.00 22.25 26.48 21.47 22.70 29.81 22.95 25.60 26.10 26.80 27.96 27.13 26.25 20.87 21.80 29.93 29.00 24.18 24.75 20.85 24.65 23.02 22.65 20.95 22.15 22.55 22.99

31.75 29.36 30.55 27.70 31.10 34.91 31.95 29.07 30.63 30.20 30.17 33.40 00.00 27.07 32.80 30.85 31.58 26.20 28.09 30.87 28.65 27.70 25.62 30.20 28.75 30.40 27.80 28.65 00.00 27.80 28.80 26.45 29.20 30.70 27.35 27.62 30.21 27.32 30.85 32.90 31.25 30.77 30.10 30.30 26.00 26.30 32.87 33.10 28.95 29.25 27.05 27.94 29.50 29.34 26.55 28.10 27.93 27.72

20.83 20.42 21.05 19.75 23.30 26.48 24.90 21.78 23.30 22.87 24.19 25.40 22.77 20.78 23.13 23.65 24.49 17.60 22.05 24.60 22.05 20.83 20.90 23.65 21.90 21.60 21.25 19.45 00.00 21.00 22.49 19.50 21.65 24.00 19.75 22.35 22.51 21.55 20.85 23.08 24.36 22.00 23.32 21.35 19.55 21.05 25.30 22.35 19.76 19.93 19.10 21.05 23.33 21.55 19.32 19.71 18.89 20.98

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

808 2887 2886 5191 5192 5193 5194 6056 5340 5341 5342 5339 5938 5937 5936 6323 812 5860 5789 5776 5775 5824 5457 6336 6335 3613 5380 5382 5384 5381 6239 4817

C5 D5 D5 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 D5 D5 D5 D5 B3 B3 B3 B5 C1 C6 Hno74 B5 B5 E5 B1 E4 E4 C0 C3 C3 C3 C3 E5 B0

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.4.4. Measurements of Femur heads of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 482 483 484 485 486 488 489 492 1730 6430 4358 856 872 4446 4593 1747

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G11 E25 A5 Hno60&67 D5 E6 D6 A1

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 2 6 8 8 8 8 9

LC 00.00 00.00 61.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.17 64.15 67.20 56.98 00.00 69.85 54.25 39.36

TC 41.20 38.35 44.95 46.60 40.30 37.70 39.80 41.00 00.00 48.40 45.50 40.79 44.20 45.45 40.00 29.32

Table A.4.5. Measurements of Shaft of Tibia of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 598

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

DD 38.65

195

29.35 25.30 21.05 24.10 22.50 22.80 25.75 28.75 23.60 24.50 24.31 28.37 31.82 23.90 22.50 24.00 27.38 28.49 23.15 24.28 23.85 24.95 20.75 25.00 23.55 23.49 30.85 25.80 17.76 25.45 23.25 28.35

32.97 29.80 27.45 29.05 28.85 28.65 30.70 32.30 30.43 28.95 28.66 32.60 32.25 30.53 29.65 31.80 29.97 32.15 30.00 30.20 27.05 30.30 26.30 31.65 31.00 29.87 32.35 31.07 28.35 31.45 30.25 28.75

25.67 21.04 19.15 22.40 19.75 21.54 22.40 24.40 23.25 20.05 21.32 00.00 25.35 22.75 20.45 21.05 20.22 21.05 20.90 22.35 19.38 21.25 19.50 23.05 21.05 18.87 22.97 23.75 21.35 21.05 22.90 21.50

Table A.4.6. Measurements of Metatarsal of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1960 8152 4588 5180 804 5151 5940 5941

Trench H11 E24 D6 D6 C5 B2 B3 B3

Layer 1 4 8 8 9 11 12 12

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.70

BP 00.00 21.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.65 00.00

TP 00.00 23.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.40 00.00

BD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.4.7. Measurements of First Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 858 4621

Trench Hno60&67 E7

Layer 8 8

BD 28.82 16.95

TD 21.58 15.45

Table A.4.8. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1155 1156

Trench EMBANK EMBANK

Layer 0 0

BP 29.80 28.74

TP 32.40 33.14

BD 25.12 24.73

Table A.4.9. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 512

Trench F3

Layer 6

BP 20.32

TP 00.00

Table A.4.10. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 400 403 410 408 404 412 413 405 406 409 414 398 399 401 411 1162 1161 4305 1144 1147 1145 1148 1146 1149 7335 6447 849

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP EMBANK EMBANK B0 E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 E24 E25 F12

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 30.13 29.59 28.61 29.86 29.31 32.71 27.73 28.24 29.65 27.64 30.15 31.27 29.53 25.64 27.09 21.68 24.55 26.86 29.82 24.59 29.58 28.13 00.00 26.85 26.73 29.50 27.69

GB 20.33 18.53 18.05 21.44 18.51 23.16 20.47 17.70 18.99 20.12 19.93 17.34 19.54 17.68 17.45 20.96 14.80 17.63 18.43 18.60 18.37 16.30 19.25 19.08 20.35 19.40 14.87

196

TD 29.54 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

WT 26.33 00.00 22.75 23.05 23.07 25.20 00.00 00.00

TT 32.88 00.00 28.57 27.55 26.85 32.75 00.00 00.00

TLT 23.31 00.00 21.97 20.00 20.80 23.00 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7509 1306 983 575 574 8147 7682 546 5036 5037 5020 5019 4624 4152 1842 1841 5049 644 643 4591 4590 5143 5068 5069 5070 5071 5072 740 737 726 727 724 618 611 5680 5681 6326 822 823 5690 6085 6084 6165 6164 6163 6338 6339 5666 5482 5483 6065 6066 5437 5362 5361

F24 G11 C1 F8 F8 E24 G25 C0 Hno119 Hno119 Hno122 Hno122 B2 D3 G4 G4 B1 B5 B5 D6 D6 D7 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 Hno70 Hno70 D6 D6 D6 C2 C3 C8 C8 B5 C1 C1 D3 D6 D6 Hno75 Hno75 Hno75 E4 E4 A5 D3 D3 D8 D8 E13 Hno95 Hno95

2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16

29.95 20.40 30.97 30.44 29.85 30.95 29.13 27.43 27.21 29.70 29.80 27.35 26.70 24.83 24.42 23.46 25.35 29.38 28.07 25.90 26.86 20.55 28.65 28.60 30.00 25.95 28.85 30.85 26.87 31.30 27.64 28.30 28.67 24.98 22.80 27.30 27.50 26.81 29.46 14.88 31.42 25.50 25.60 26.60 29.56 21.60 27.55 29.10 28.26 23.70 27.60 29.87 29.88 28.05 29.05

22.70 14.99 15.09 18.64 16.98 18.45 20.60 18.46 19.55 21.90 21.04 22.15 19.70 14.90 15.09 14.26 20.10 17.00 19.17 15.05 18.15 16.65 21.25 19.05 18.90 15.05 17.25 20.59 15.82 15.61 18.11 18.00 00.00 14.68 14.50 17.05 16.35 17.80 16.05 16.60 24.70 18.80 15.42 14.85 18.08 18.65 16.85 19.92 13.33 15.65 15.10 18.20 18.54 16.45 18.72

197

Table A.4.11. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 947 8148 5217 717 5726 5392 5391 5364 5363

Trench G12 E24 B3 B1 Hno77 C3 C3 Hno95 Hno95

Layer 3 4 6 9 12 15 15 16 16

GL 30.59 31.92 27.75 26.19 28.90 28.30 27.83 31.64 28.32

GB 18.74 22.30 22.55 17.88 19.30 20.33 20.86 18.30 19.55

Table A.4.12. Measurements of Mandibular deciduous premolar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5684 4185 5436

Trench C8 B1 E13

Layer 11 12 15

GL 28.25 29.70 32.35

GB 11.50 11.50 11.35

Table A.4.13. Measurements of Mandibular incisor of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5144 5330 4184 5732 5574

Trench D7 Hno79 B1 C3 D4

Layer 8 12 12 13 15

GL 14.25 15.25 16.55 15.00 12.65

GB 6.85 9.65 9.25 9.85 9.65

Table A.4.14. Measurements of Mandibular first/second premolar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5024 5107 5719 5826 5463 5623

Trench Hno122 C1 B6 E5 B1 A4

Layer 4 11 11 13 14 15

GL 18.55 19.29 16.10 16.80 19.95 19.72

GB 10.55 8.45 8.10 10.15 10.20 10.50

Table A.4.15. Measurements of Mandibular second premolar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 518 5080

Trench F3 E5

Layer 6 8

GL 10.57 10.35

GB 6.81 6.10

Table A.4.16. Mandibular third premolar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5079

Trench E5

Layer 8

GL 18.25

GB 9.70

Table A.4.17. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 576 536

Trench F8 Hno50

Layer 4 12

GL 21.34 23.00

GB 11.35 11.14

198

Table A.4.18. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 402 407 1199 1150 6446 770 1265 540 982 589 642 5081 4592 725 615 5352 5535 5536 6324 5329 5516 5515 5514 6341 6340 5667 5393 5570 5571 5569 5438 5360

Trench LJP LJP F10 E10 E25 I12 D25 Hno127 C1 E6 B5 E5 D6 D6 C2 D5 D8 D8 B5 Hno79 Hno85 Hno85 Hno85 E4 E4 A5 C3 D4 D4 D4 E13 Hno95

Layer 1-4 1-4 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16

GL 31.19 34.20 29.03 31.72 26.40 27.41 27.15 28.91 27.03 29.13 24.20 32.05 30.60 26.39 28.34 21.04 21.70 21.60 22.75 28.63 30.80 25.65 26.85 30.31 29.90 31.61 30.13 32.55 27.20 28.61 28.06 29.30

GB 12.45 12.61 11.62 12.25 12.10 14.98 10.78 10.05 00.00 10.75 13.02 12.40 14.60 12.55 00.00 14.00 13.06 12.40 12.80 10.42 12.55 16.20 13.65 11.87 11.55 12.28 15.05 12.20 11.68 14.35 18.35 11.50

Table A.4.19. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 417 416 415 418 420 421 422 423 419 425 424 5216 616 5351 5689 6162 5394 5572

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP B3 C2 D5 D3 Hno75 C3 D4

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 6 10 11 12 12 15 15

GL 34.90 38.13 37.50 36.39 33.84 36.62 35.36 35.35 37.19 39.28 38.31 34.30 39.34 36.07 36.30 34.80 37.14 3.05

GB 12.78 12.80 13.35 13.49 12.87 12.41 13.37 13.53 13.88 14.74 00.00 12.25 12.13 15.00 15.25 12.70 14.25 12.35

199

Table A.4.20. Measurements of Mandible of Bos/Bubalus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1015 1016 4585 4994 4995 4996 5215 5383 5622

Trench E10 E10 D6 C2 C2 C2 B3 C3 A4

Layer 1 1 8 8 8 8 6 15 15

Mandible MC MC MC MC MC MS p3 MC MC

Length 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.25 00.00 00.00

Width 34.60 36.00 41.83 45.65 44.00 00.00 9.70 37.10 40.65

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.85 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.5. Measurements of Bones of Capra hircus Table A.5. 1. Measurements of Scapula of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 4429

Trench E7

Layer 7

LG 20.88

BG 18.48

Table A.5. 2. Measurements of Humerus of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1192 4196

Trench F10 E8

Layer 1 7

BD 28.74 27.95

TD 14.25 12.65

Table A.5. 3. Measurements of Radius of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 79 82 4423 4247 4449 5465

Trench LJP LJP E1 E6 B1

Layer 1-4 1-4 6 8 8 14

DD 00.00 00.00 9.48 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 43.62 00.00 21.55 25.88 00.00

TP 00.00 35.22 00.00 12.20 13.84 00.00

BD 31.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.00

TD 21.09 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.30

BD 22.44 00.00 24.03

TD 12.89 00.00 10.52

WT 9.60 00.00 17.30

TT 13.00 00.00 13.29

TLT 7.88 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00

BD 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00

WT 11.15 9.99

TT 14.89 13.49

TLT 8.37 9.34

TD 00.00 58.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

LC 00.00 00.00 21.05 00.00 00.00 18.40

TC 00.00 00.00 17.92 00.00 17.25 18.20

Table A.5. 4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 331 3087 889

Trench LJP G3 G12

Layer 1-4 2 3

BP 00.00 22.12 00.00

TP 00.00 15.78 00.00

Table A.5. 5. Measurements of Metapodia of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1701 3015

Trench G11 F10

Layer 1 2

BP 00.00 00.00

Table A.5. 6. Measurements of Femur of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 290 4253 7380 289 3258 5804

Trench LJP Hno130 F26 G25 D10 B5

Layer 1-4 2 1 2 3 14

BD 32.10 42.75 00.00 36.64 00.00 00.00

200

Table A.5. 7. Measurements of Tibia of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 143 146 1981

Trench LJP LJP H11

Layer 1-4 1-4 1

DD 00.00 00.00 10.65

BD 22.13 25.15 00.00

TD 16.96 19.14 00.00

Table A.5. 8. Measurements of Metatarsal of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3088

Trench G3

Layer 2

BP 22.41

TP 24.12

Table A.5. 9. Measurements of Astragalus of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1887 4448

Trench E10 E6

Layer 3 8

GL 00.00 25.09

GLL 27.99 25.05

GLM 25.05 23.50

TL 16.78 12.65

TM 00.00 13.55

TP 16.79 17.00 16.30 13.11 16.66 17.64 13.26 14.57 13.65 13.20 00.00

BD 11.33 10.08 9.67 00.00 00.00 12.63 00.00 11.23 10.30 10.30 7.98

TD 10.90 11.90 10.42 00.00 00.00 12.10 00.00 10.79 10.10 00.00 7.71

TP 11.57 12.29 14.70 14.74 13.61 00.00 13.17 11.46

BD 8.92 8.59 10.07 1060 9.05 9.19 8.35 9.35

TD 10.52 11.30 12.46 12.65 11.29 12.18 11.87 11.05

Table A.5. 10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 6357

Trench A3&B3

Layer 0

GL 39.70

GB 13.00

Table A.5. 11. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1887

Trench E10

Layer 3

GB 18.38

Table A.5. 12. Measurements of First Phalanx of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 72 95 96 249 259 1170 2271 1540 5190 4831 524

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G10 E1 H5 C3 E1 Hno50

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 2 2 9 10 12

GL 45.71 46.30 44.47 00.00 00.00 40.78 36.62 36.12 33.95 34.43 00.00

BP 11.90 12.72 11.74 11.61 12.78 14.54 11.22 11.52 10.90 10.8 00.00

Table A.5. 13. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Capra hircus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 77 107 1041 1042 1044 1046 1047 6054

Trench LJP LJP H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 C3

Layer 1-4 1-4 2 2 2 2 2 11

GL 25.27 25.47 27.54 26.32 22.98 24.21 23.97 21.35

BP 11.76 10.32 10.60 10.72 9.93 00.00 9.90 11.00

201

BD 00.00 15.15

Table A.5. 14. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2300

Trench E1

Layer 2

GL 18.39

GB 12.02

Table A.5. 15. Maxillary first/ second molar of Capra hircus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5409

Trench C3

Layer 15

GL 13.58

GB 10.95

Table A.5.16. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Capra hircus p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar. Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3915

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

3916

B3&C3

8

4242

E4

9

835

F12

2

836

F12

2

Mandible p2 p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 p4 p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p4 m1 m2

Length 00.00 00.0 8.77 9.65 00.00 7.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.25 20.55 8.49 13.21 16.29

Width 00.00 00.0 5.70 6.95 00.00 4.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.54 7.75 5.61 7.61 8.11

Height 12.80 16.05 17.50 18.68 12.20 15.45 17.35 9.10 10.80 11.15 15.55 27.27 29.71 19.02 19.69 22.41

Table A.5.17. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Capra hircus P2 –second premolar, P3- third premolar, P4- fourth premolar, M1- first molar, M2- second molar, M3- third molar. Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 946

Trench G12

Layer 3

2165

Hno132

1

2167

Hno132

1

1075

H7

2

Maxilla M1 M2 M3 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3

Length 14.23 15.87 15.33 00.00 9.79 12.61 14.01 19.40 11.86 13.73 00.00 10.54 13.11 14.76 00.00

202

Width 10.98 10.31 9.33 00.00 4.94 6.91 7.60 7.00 6.88 7.08 00.00 4.53 6.99 7.81 00.00

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.49 2.21 24.82 27.40 31.47 00.00 00.0 16.99 21.05 22.00 26.30 30.88

Table A.6. Measurements of Bones of Ovis aries Table A.6.1. Measurements of Scapula of Ovis aries Site INM-1

Reg.No. 374

Trench

Layer 6

GLP 00.00

LG 28.88

BG 23.51

SLC 17.39

Table A.6.2. Measurements of Humerus of Ovis aries Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 275 161 2976 4703

Trench LJP F26 B3 F3

Layer 1-4 3 5 8

BD 26.02 23.21 26.63 29.00

TD 12.82 13.36 12.67 12.76

Table A.6.3. Measurements of Radius of Ovis aries Site INM-1

Reg.No. 839

Trench F12

Layer 2

DD 14.03

Table A.6.4. Measurements of Femur of Ovis aries Site INM-1

Reg.No. 16

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

TC 16.41

Table A.6.5. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Ovis aries p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar. Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 445

Trench G24

Layer 2

435

LJP

0

Mandible p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 dp4 m1

Length 00.0 8.33 10.80 12.29 14.91 14.19 13.96

Width 00.00 5.31 6.74 7.69 7.24 7.09 7.28

Height 12.47 15.48 16.22 21.02 23.16 00.00 00.00

Length 10.12 11.15

Width 7.30 4.54

Height 00.00 00.00

LG 21.35 21.70 21.53

BG 14.00 17.50 16.75

SLC 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.6.6. Measurements of Maxillary with teeth of Ovis aries Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2467

Trench F25

Layer 3

Maxilla P4 M1

Table A.7. Measurements of Bones of Capra/Ovis Table A.7.1.Measurements of Scapula of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5156 5102 5226

Trench B2 C1 E1

Layer 11 11 11

GLP 25.06 26.55 25.80

Table A.7.2. Measurements of Humerus of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 274

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

BP 00.00

TP 00.00

203

BD 27.27

TD 12.93

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

276 281 2315 790 7754 7755 4414 5066 5145 377 5825 5767

LJP LJP E10 Hno113 D24 D24 C7 E5 D7 D3 D8

1-4 1-4 3 4 4 4 8 8 8 9 13 14

00.00 00.00 32.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 40.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

28.82 26.01 00.00 28.95 28.40 26.75 26.70 29.90 24.22 28.63 26.70 24.35

13.26 12.42 00.00 13.75 14.00 12.20 12.58 13.80 13.37 12.81 12.75 12.30

DD 00.00 00.00 12.77 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 28.05 22.31 23.67 24.45 24.57 27.10 23.62 24.70 00.00 26.80 27.57 27.75 29.65 23.25 26.35

TP 00.00 16.90 11.92 13.00 12.10 14.60 13.85 12.50 13.88 00.00 13.45 13.80 13.80 17.00 13.70 13.85

Table A.7.3. Measurements of Radius of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 170 4661 295 5872 5873 4169 4157 608 4840 4841 5712 5782 4183 6277 5920 5921

Trench LJP Hno111 E24 E27 E27 B1 B3 C2 E1 E1 C5 Hno75 B1 C8 B3 B3

Layer 0 4 4 4 4 6 7 10 10 10 11 12 12 12 14 14

GL 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 123.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 28.47 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.27 00.00 00.00 25.50 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 20.04 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.80 00.00 00.00 19.65 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 15.82 00.00 14.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.80

WT 11.40 111.39 10.62 00.00 8.95 00.00 9.20

TT 14.68 17.12 14.85 00.00 13.10 00.00 13.20

TT 16.71 14.70 14.90 15.20 14.30 15.95 11.20 13.80

TLT 12.19 8.10 9.60 9.00 10.20 10.00 7.95 10.55

Table A.7.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3353 188 3089 4 5823 4680 4816

Trench F11 LJP G3 B2 E5 B0 B0

Layer 1 1-4 2 12 13 13 15

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.38 00.00 22.05 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.95 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 24.13 25.31 25.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.97

Table A.7.5. Measurements of Metapodia of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 19 6940 6858 6826 4336 5211 5762 6278

Trench LJP E26 G26 G26 F8 B3 C5 C8

Layer 1-4 3 4 4 5 6 12 12

BD 24.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.30 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

204

WT 10.30 10.30 9.80 10.75 10.24 11.40 7.35 9.30

TLT 9.30 13.18 8.71 00.00 7.70 00.00 9.19

Table A.7.6. Measurements of Femur of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4119 135 539

Trench C3 B1 Hno126

Layer 5 11 3

BP 00.00 21.69 31.18

TP 00.00 21.65 00.00

BD 31.05 00.00 00.00

BD 27.35 23.13 00.00

TD 21.10 16.67 00.00

TD 38.25 00.00 00.00

Table A.7.7. Measurements of Tibia of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7756 350 5931

Trench D24&e26 B3

Layer 4 8 14

DD 00.00 12.80 9.25

Table A.7.8. Measurements of Metatarsal of Capra/Ovis INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7173 5001 5154 2444

G25 C2 B2 F25&F26

2 8 11 3

00.00 00.00 9.05 00.00

17.05 16.80 17.35 16.96

15.35 14.25 16.20 15.01

Table A.7. 9. Measurements of Astragalus of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 85 88 221 362 5759 5692

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP C5 E9

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 12 15

GL 29.83 32.13 00.00 28.80 31.05 28.15

GLL 29.82 31.96 00.00 28.57 30.95 27.90

GLM 17.59 29.57 22.93 27.32 29.30 25.90

TL 15.46 19.08 00.00 16.88 15.80 15.60

TM 15.73 18.14 13.62 16.67 16.80 16.07

TP 14.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.10 12.81 12.10 11.75

BD 00.00 8.67 8.50 8.80 8.90 10.30 9.45 10.55 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 7.83 7.57 7.42 7.75 9.28 8.92 10.05 00.00 00.00

Table A.7. 10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5628

Trench D7

Layer 12

GL 38.08

GB 12.65

Table A.7. 11. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 519 5820

Trench Hno50 D3

Layer 12 13

GB 21.66 19.45

Table A.7. 12. Measurements of First Phalanx of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7651 609 5153 5099 5236 5779 4672 5451 5422 5423

Trench G25 C3 B2 C1 C3 Hno75 B0 B1 E4 E4

Layer 4 10 11 11 11 12 13 14 15 15

GL 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.45 32.31 00.00 00.00

BP 11.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.70 11.55 9.85 10.40

205

BD 17.98 19.16 00.00 16.90 18.00 17.65

Table A.7. 13. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 359 7711

Trench LJP G26

Layer 1-4 3

GL 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 11.40

TP 00.00 11.45

BD 6.80 00.00

Table A.7. 14. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 6358 7247 7246 7383 1625 837 5880 5353 5845 5406

Trench A3&B3 Hno104 Hno104 F26 H5 F12 E27 D5 B3 C3

Layer 0 4 4 1 2 2 4 11 13 15

GL 15.60 15.95 17.20 17.10 15.78 17.21 15.75 17.95 14.35 15.45

GB 12.60 11.15 11.65 12.60 10.39 9.43 11.00 11.90 9.70 11.75

Table A.7. 15. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4170 5492

Trench B1 C1

Layer 6 14

GL 15.80 17.67

GB 11.15 12.30

Table A.7. 16. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4165 4164 3917 535 5410

Trench Hno72 Hno72 B3&C3 Hno50 C3

Layer 8 8 8 12 15

GL 13.65 12.40 15.80 12.02 12.69

GB 7.55 7.80 7.20 7.09 7.25

Table A.7. 17. Measurements of Mandibular second molar of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 617 610 9

Trench C2 C3 B2

Layer 10 10 12

GL 14.31 15.25 15.85

GB 6.74 7.81 6.74

Table A.7. 18. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Capra/Ovis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 426 2427 2426

Trench LJP F25&F26 F25&F26

Layer 1-4 3 3

GL 19.60 21.71 21.62

GB 7.02 7.48 .52

206

TD 10.57 00.00

Table A.7.19. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Capra/Ovis p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar, MC-Mandibular condyle Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 450

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

453

LJP

1-4

454

LJP

1-4

1014

E10

1

1121

G4

1

1123

G4

1

1621

H5

2

4767 5416

C0 C3

10 15

5942

B3

12

8063

F27

1

Mandible dp4 m1 p4 m1 m2 p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 p4 dp3 dp4 dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 p3 p4 m1 MC p2 p3 p4 p2 p3 p4 m1 p4 m1 m2

Length 15.72 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.24 14.68 00.00 00.00 15.28 00.00 14.36 7.25 9.60 12.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.90 10.85 13.90

Width 5.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 5.57 7.11 00.00 00.00 5.65 00.00 6.51 4.17 4.80 7.89 19.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 5.60 7.10 8.25

Height 00.00 18.07 21.23 21.76 23.63 22.56 23.76 26.06 12.30 13.29 14.49 00.00 00.00 10.84 13.30 16.31 20.19 00.00 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.75 16.45 18.42 13.00 15.46 16.22 18.22 00.00 18.58 21.45

Table A.7.20. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Capra/Ovis P4- fourth premolar, M1- first molar, M2- second molar, M3- third molar, Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1175

Trench G10

Layer 1

Maxilla P4 M1 M2 M3

Length 11.17 14.57 15.97 13.80

Width 8.19 8.93 8.20 8.38

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.8. Measurements of Bones of Canis familiaris Table A.8.1.Measurements of Scapula of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 310 6015

Trench LJP E3

Layer 1-4 11

GLP 29.63 25.60

LG 23.53 23.00

207

BG 16.84 15.95

SLC 26.55 00.00

Table A.8.2. Measurements of Humerus of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 46 284 378 1672 1301 283 5778 5924 5432 6074

Trench LJP LJP LJP G11 G11 LJP B5 B3 E4 B5

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 3 4 13 14 15 15

BD 32.70 27.00 27.89 28.78 29.21 29.75 29.70 31.60 26.63 28.35

TD 14.08 10.52 12.71 12.06 11.14 12.35 12.20 12.85 10.45 13.30

Table A.8.3. Measurements of Radius of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 47 1160 1013 456 7092 6302 5922

Trench LJP EMBANK

E10 F25 G24 Hno81 B3

Layer 1-4 0 1 3 4 12 14

GL 179.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

DD 13.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.60

BP 19.52 17.83 18.17 13.07 18.55 00.00 00.00

TP 13.08 11.80 12.15 9.63 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 24.34 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.95 20.60

BD 00.00 00.00 30.50 29.90

TD 00.00 00.00 36.80 36.05

LC 00.00 16.80 00.00 00.00

TC 00.00 18.22 00.00 00.00

BD 20.61 20.80 23.75 20.95 19.35

TD 15.11 15.85 17.65 16.40 14.35

Table A.8.4. Measurements of Ulna of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3460 5803

Trench H7 B5

Layer 3 14

BP 17.75 16.50

SDO 00.00 22.36

Table A.8.5. Measurements of Pelvis of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1787 5870

Trench H11 E27

Layer 3 4

LA 24.94 22.80

Table A.8.6. Measurements of Femur of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 597 208 6641 6073

Trench LJP F25 F24 B5

Layer 1-4 2 2 15

DD 13.69 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.8.7. Measurements of Tibia of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 141 7017 5891 8025 4120

Trench LJP G24 E25 E24 C3

Layer 1-4 2 4 4 5

DD 12.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

208

TD 14.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.40 13.40

Table A.8.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Canis familiaris Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 11 12 13 5007 5258

Trench LJP LJP LJP C2 E2

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 8 9

GL 26.67 27.21 26.63 27.35 28.95

BP 7.91 8.62 8.65 8.65 8.60

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.26 7.95

BD 6.55 7.24 6.74 7.00 6.55

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 5.35

Table A.8.9. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Canis familiaris p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar, MC-Mandibular condyle Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 430

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

455

LJP

1-4

1379 1380 1724

E1 E1 G11

4 4 1

2359

E10

3

4004

G4

2

4538

H12

3

5000

C2

8

6230

B6

12

6245

E5

15

Mandible p2 p3 p2 p3 p4 MC MC p2 p3 p4 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 m2 m3 p1 p2 p3 MS p1 p2 p3 m2 m3 p2 p3 p4 m1

Length 8.11 10.47 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.10 9.40 9.60 19.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

209

Width 3.97 5.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.03 20.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 4.45 5.10 7.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 5.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Height 00.00 00.00 17.01 16.40 15.40 00.00 00.00 15.46 16.59 16.75 18.62 17.73 17.80 19.66 21.99 17.75 17.45 20.15 23.25 24.70 25.65 26.08 27.63 17.70 19.15 18.95 15.00 15.05 15.50 14.90 17.50 17.60 17.60 16.30 16.70 19.15

Table A.8.10. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Canis familiaris P2 –second premolar, P3- third premolar, P4- fourth premolar, M1- first molar, M2- second molar, M3- third molar, Site INM-1

Reg.No. 4005

Trench G4

Layer 2

Mandible P1

Length 6.00

Width 3.70

Height 00.00

A.9. Measurements of Bones of Sus domesticus Table A.9.1.Measurements of Scapula of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 187 3972 7853

Trench LJP G4 G25

Layer 1-4 2 3

GLP 25.27 00.00 00.00

LG 20.08 20.00 22.20

BG 17.63 17.45 19.10

SLC 19.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.9.2.Measurements of Humerus of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 156 3976

Trench LJP G4

Layer 1-4 2

BD 34.39 28.45

TD 15.50 13.55

Table A.9.3.Measurements of Radius of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 204 3977 3910 5225

Trench LJP G4 B&C3 E1

Layer 1-4 2 8 11

GL 00.00 00.00 00.00 103.20

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.90

BP 00.00 20.68 32.15 20.25

TP 00.00 14.88 23.05 12.07

TP 23.48 00.00 00.00

BD 00.00 22.50 24.56

TD 00.00 20.05 22.51

GLM 32.68 30.65 31.40 29.00

TL 18.68 17.61 17.55 17.95

BD 23.94 00.00 00.00 17.65

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.30

TM 20.14 17.18 19.00 18.6

BD 20.03 17.96 17.15 19.63

Table A.9.4.Measurements of Ulna of Sus domesticus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1823

Trench F10

Layer 3

BP 13.26

Table A.9.5.Measurements of Pelvis of Sus domesticus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 476

Trench

Layer 4

LA 31.60

Table A.9.6.Measurements of Tibia of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1875 7654 380

Trench E10 G25

Layer 3 4 8

BP 26.38 00.00 00.00

Table A.9.7.Measurements of Astragalus of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2764 134 5761 5472

Trench H11 G25 C5 D3

Layer 2 4 12 15

GL 00.00 33.57 33.95 33.35

GLL 37.75 33.45 33.93 33.21

Table A.9.8.Measurements of Calcaneum of Sus domesticus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5612

Trench C3

Layer 12

GL 00.00

GB 15.95

210

Table A.9.9.Measurements of First Phalanx of Sus domesticus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2758 5222

Trench H11 E1

Layer 2 11

GL 19.40 00.00

BP 13.20 12.60

TP 12.57 12.80

BD 12.01 00.00

TD 11.30 00.00

TP 00.00 00.00

BD 40.33 49.53

TD 21.83 24.60

WT 00.00 00.00 00.00

TT 31.95 00.00 00.00

TLT 25.78 00.00 00.00

A.10. Measurements of Bones of Equus caballus Table A.10. 1. Measurements of First Phalanx of Equus caballus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 119 346

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4

GL 80.82 84.53

BP 00.00 56.99

Table A.10.2. Measurements of Metapodia of Equus caballus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 459 3291 171

Trench LJP D10 E26

Layer 1-4 1 3

BD 48.54 47.85 46.90

TD 00.00 37.25 32.00

A.11. Measurements of Bones of Canis lupus Table A.11.1Measurements of Scapula of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 185 309 4499

Trench LJP E25 D2

Layer 1-4 2 8

GLP 27.61 00.00 33.40

LG 20.66 20.63 25.40

BG 17.89 15.94 19.25

SLC 24.57 20.58 00.00

BD 23.10 00.00

TD 13.30 00.00

Table A.11.2. Measurements of Humerus of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 287 1252 6046

Trench LJP D25 Hno87

Layer 1-4 3 16

BD 34.66 32.67 34.25

TD 13.79 14.00 13.65

Table A.11.3. Measurements of Radius of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 270 294

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4

BP 00.00 18.52

TP 00.00 12.50

Table A.11.4. Measurements of Ulna of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 460 2283

Trench F27 E1

Layer 2 2

BP 18.80 18.20

SDO 00.00 22.84

Table A.11.5. Measurements of Pelvis of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 474 475

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4

LA 27.52 25.42

Table A.11.6. Measurements of Femur of Canis lupus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 285

Trench LJP

Layer 3

DD 15.07

BD 31.20

211

Table A.11.7. Measurements of Tibia of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1944 4801 4802

Trench H11 B0 B0

Layer 1 14 14

BP 00.00 00.00 34.80

TP 00.00 00.00 33.50

BD 23.99 22.73 00.00

TD 18.84 17.35 00.00

BP 8.05 00.00 9.23 00.00 00.00 9.75 00.00 11.06 00.00 12.46

TP 11.47 00.00 12.65 00.00 00.00 14.50 00.00 6.22 00.00 7.90

BD 8.40 9.35 00.00 8.50 8.15 00.00 8.40 00.00 7.50 7.20

TD 9.15 7.83 00.00 10.20 9.45 00.00 9.75 00.00 7.45 9.20

GLL 16.45 28.20

GLM 25.40 18.45

TL 9.28 15.23

TM 13.46 11.06

Table A.11.8. Measurements of Metapodia of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 6190 3414 5009 5008 5257 5253 5256 5254 5455 6229

Trench Hno106 H6 C2 C2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 B6

Layer 3 2 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 12

GL 73.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 80.26

DD 7.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.11.9. Measurements of Astragalus of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 87 6043

Trench F25 Hno87

Layer 2 16

GL 27.22 29.55

GB 00.00 00.000

Table A.11.10. Measurements of Calcaneum of Canis lupus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 209 2667

Trench LJP G7

Layer 1-4 3

GL 44.92 42.20

GB 00.00 15.66

A.12. Measurements of Bones of Canis aureus Table A.12.1. Measurements of Humerus of Canis aureus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 160

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

BD 21.24

TD 7.10

Table A.12.2. Measurements of Ulna of Canis aureus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 6953

Trench E26

Layer 3

GL 00.00

BP 11.35

SDO 15.50

Table A.12.3. Measurements of Femur of Canis aureus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 979

Trench C1

Layer 4

BP 27.28

TP 13.68

Table A.12.4. Measurements of Tibia of Canis aureus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 272 384

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4

BD 16.51 16.82

TD 11.82 12.01

212

LC 11.70

TC 13.51

BD 12.80 14.65

A.13. Measurements of Bones of Felis chaus Table A.13.1. Measurements of Humerus of Felis chaus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2366

Trench F26

Layer 2

BD 21.39

TD 7.46

Table A.13.2. Measurements of Femur of Felis chaus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3881

Trench B6

Layer 6

BD 21.10

TD 19.20

Table A.13.3. Measurements of Calcaneum of Felis chaus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2931

Trench H10

Layer 1

GL 35.05

GB 12.72

Table A.13.4. Measurements of Metapodium of Felis chaus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2367

Trench F26

Layer 2

BD 8.17

TD 7.38

A.14. Measurements of Bones of Panthera pardus Table A.14.1. Measurements of First Phalanx of Panthera pardus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5238 5239

Trench C3 C3

Layer 11 11

GL 36.50 33.26

BP 18.77 16.07

TP 12.77 11.10

BD 13.15 12.30

TD 9.90 8.65

BD 13.55 00.00

TD 12.42 00.00

Table A.14.2. Measurements of Metapodia of Panthera pardus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4189 4188

Trench B1 B1

Layer 12 12

GL 71.60 00.00

BP 14.48 11.80

TP 14.46 14.65

BP 14.35 15.34 15.60 16.82

SDO 19.50 18.55 18.95 00.00

A.15. Measurements of Bones of Sus scrofa Table A.15.1. Measurements of Ulna of Sus scrofa Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4919 3982 3984 18

Trench F13 G4 G4 LJP

Layer 1 2 2 1-4

GL 105.96 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.15.2. Measurements of Tibia of Sus scrofa Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3909

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

BD 30.90

TD 29.80

Table A.15.3. Measurements of Calcaneum of Sus scrofa Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7806 3954

Trench G25 G4

Layer 3 2

GL 57.40 59.27

GB 16.55 16.90

213

A.16. Measurements of Bones of Antilope cervicapra Table A.16.1. Measurements of Scapula of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 303 63 128 179 181 182 299 302 305 3292 3849 3860 1021 1187 3328 125 7377 1717 1718 1719 1720 311 3091 3973 1581 1582 1583 1584 1437 2280 307 7305 7306 127 6405 6406 6407 7448 3573 3574 2584 2585 126 7494 184 178 183 375 1345 3219 180 62 7031 301 2776 300 6949 6950

Trench F27 LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP D10 D25 D25 E10 F10 F11 F25 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 LJP G3 G4 H5 H5 H5 H5 D25 E10 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F11 F11 F24 F24 F25 F26 F26 F26 G11 G11 G23 G24 G24 G26 H11 E26 E26 E26

Layer 1 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

GLP 00.00 33.72 30.81 30.70 35.66 36.27 31.85 35.55 38.05 00.00 31.97 00.00 34.22 32.20 33.55 31.97 32.40 35.08 34.24 31.91 00.00 00.00 32.32 32.75 30.37 32.34 00.00 33.97 30.72 00.00 00.00 28.45 00.00 32.64 32.55 33.70 00.00 00.00 31.86 00.00 34.81 32.66 35.00 00.00 00.00 33.80 00.00 23.97 31.79 00.00 33.68 00.00 00.00 32.74 32.18 33.14 00.00 00.00

LG 26.62 25.35 23.33 22.90 27.79 28.43 24.19 28.98 28.19 22.60 25.55 25.35 26.04 26.10 26.16 26.27 27.15 26.99 26.76 25.34 24.60 00.00 24.64 24.58 26.45 26.54 24.07 27.49 23.93 26.53 00.00 20.20 26.30 25.27 26.32 26.00 24.95 24.85 24.75 22.70 27.69 25.10 26.40 24.55 00.00 25.05 00.00 23.34 26.43 26.25 25.26 00.00 24.40 26.62 24.39 25.28 25.37 25.20

214

BG 25.08 23.43 20.77 21.14 25.99 25.36 20.18 24.81 25.32 20.84 21.55 22.27 23.41 21.11 24.60 21.30 23.80 25.59 23.79 20.29 19.80 23.32 20.49 21.55 21.15 23.28 21.02 21.92 22.06 21.86 22.09 19.20 21/20 21.62 21.50 00.00 21.60 21.75 21.70 21.05 23.30 21.95 24.18 20.65 20.65 24.43 20.41 20.04 22.69 23.91 24.32 25.58 24.10 22.06 21.89 23.04 22.87 22.60

SLC 20.44 18.85 18.40 17.28 21.49 21.84 18.41 22.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.74 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.56 00.00 00.00 18.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.74 00.00 17.15 22.40 19.27 17.26 00.00 00.00 21.83 21.35 00.00 17.88 00.00 19.03 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6951 6507 6508 1305 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 7833 7735 7736 7741 376 4522 1377 8022 8118 7983 7100 306 544 7242 4759 2264 1846 5003 4413 5155 5343 6298 5307 6102 6044

E26 F25 F25 G11 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G25 G26 G26 G26 G27 H12 E1 E24 E24 F24 G24 G25 C0 Hno104 Hno117 G5 G4 C2 C7 B2 D5 Hno81 E3 B3 B4

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 8 8 11 11 12 14 15 15

31.15 00.00 29.20 29.94 36.13 34.29 32.87 32.09 31.87 31.81 00.00 30.92 37.16 00.00 00.00 34.32 00.00 00.00 35.10 29.98 32.85 00.00 30.85 32.40 00.00 00.00 36.75 32.00 29.78 00.00 36.05 29.10 32.17 35.00 33.75 26.71 35.70 00.00

25.35 26.15 23.10 24.13 28.59 26.43 26.43 24.96 25.75 25.39 23.71 23.91 29.36 24.75 24.20 24.80 23.75 00.00 26.00 25.27 26.20 21.35 22.70 24.25 25.14 00.00 29.95 27.25 24.01 24.58 29.65 22.95 22.65 25.75 25.45 21.65 29.50 24.75

21.40 22.68 20.30 20.20 25.56 23.02 23.10 21.54 22.73 22.09 19.16 23.27 00.00 21.15 20.45 22.50 20.65 00.00 24.50 21.12 23.25 20.95 19.75 21.30 20.32 19.17 26.75 21.08 20.75 20.40 24.30 19.00 18.90 24.87 24.95 17.60 24.80 23.60

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.81 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.16.2. Measurements of Humerus of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 42 151 152 153 155 277 278 279 5285 5286 5295 1011 1103 1107 1168 1189 1191 1667 1668 1669

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP E10 G4 G4 G10 F10 F10 G11 G11 G11

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

215

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 31.47 30.10 34.75 28.46 00.00 33.07 32.25 31.57 34.25 30.00 34.90 31.74 31.47 00.00 32.68 33.14 31.08 00.00 00.00 32.33

TD 00.00 16.45 16.51 15.03 16.23 16.07 15.53 16.01 15.38 15.60 17.33 16.16 15.29 00.00 14.92 16.08 15.68 16.77 15.25 15.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1670 1671 1936 1937 1938 1982 2048 2612 2933 2934 3294 3295 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3535 4916 4917 7378 7379 7531 49 154 157 159 280 623 763 764 765 766 1067 1068 1069 1088 1138 1342 1470 1572 1574 2282 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2778 2779 3000 3092 3165 3166 3167 3168 3391 3974 3975 6427 6428 6429 7447

G11 G11 H11 H11 H11 H11 G7 G6 H10 H10 D10 D10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 H5 F13 F13 F26 F26 G24 E24 F27 F27 G26 E27 Hno125 I12 I12 I12 I12 H7 H7 H7 H7 E10 G11 D25 H5 H5 E1 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 H11 H11 F10 G3 G11 G11 G11 G11 H6 G4 G4 E25 E25 E25 E25

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

216

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

30.75 00.00 31.95 34.26 29.27 00.00 31.27 32.53 33.76 30.39 29.35 29.16 34.02 30.52 34.27 30.35 31.35 31.90 30.45 30.35 30.06 33.80 27.85 32.26 33.88 31.10 33.53 32.63 35.41 29.54 32.14 00.00 28.24 31.58 34.21 30.08 00.00 30.12 31.03 28.22 31.89 00.00 30.69 31.84 29.83 32.18 31.03 00.00 32.52 32.29 31.53 31.71 28.79 30.53 30.81 32.34 32.28 31.70 31.45 31.60 31.50 35.90 33.60

15.63 16.04 16.16 16.76 14.97 00.00 16.07 16.15 16.39 14.77 14.80 14.15 16.39 14.59 16.86 15.00 00.00 15.03 15.95 14.55 15.00 16.70 13.60 16.28 16.49 14.96 16.36 14.63 17.71 15.53 15.63 14.39 00.00 15.75 16.72 15.60 00.00 14.91 15.57 14.00 16.51 15.18 14.78 15.72 14.64 15.99 15.14 16.15 15.94 16.42 14.74 16.85 14.68 14.75 14.87 15.94 16.40 15.50 15.68 17.00 16.40 16.70 15.05

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6636 7007 7307 7308 7309 7310 7496 7573 4472 43 923 924 1300 1775 2204 2227 2228 2316 2847 2912 3458 3459 4523 6513 6514 6782 6941 6942 7722 7860 50 273 5875 5888 6830 6831 7086 7087 7143 7639 7640 8117 4340 4341 4428 4760 3612 4704 5713 6297 4064 5642 5777 5308

F24 G24 E24 E24 E24 E24 F24 F26 Hno129 F6 G12 G12 G11 H11 G10 G10 G10 E10 G3 G10 H7 H7 H12 F25 F25 E23 E26 E26 G26 G25 E25 E24 E27 E25 G26 G26 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 E24 F8 F8 E7 Hno117 C0 F3 B7 Hno81 Hno115 A4 B5 E3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 12 12 12 13 13 14

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.45 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.36 33.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

217

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.39 15.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

30.95 27.93 34.95 31.00 29.40 31.92 30.35 30.40 30.47 32.39 32.04 00.00 33.07 34.76 34.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.89 29.16 31.35 29.92 33.60 34.75 33.75 30.15 30.05 29.70 31.87 30.30 32.44 31.86 26.60 31.05 27.25 33.70 31.30 32.00 29.50 34.00 31.60 31.25 32.95 31.61 30.70 28.70 27.15 26.58 31.20 32.50 30.95 30.80 26.95 31.95

14.85 13.60 16.05 15.90 15.07 15.98 16.85 15.40 15.75 16.48 16.14 16.02 16.71 16.56 17.38 15.70 00.00 00.00 15.80 14.60 15.27 14.95 17.43 18.30 15.80 15.60 15.25 16.70 15.65 15.35 15.88 15.45 13.30 15.00 14.80 16.80 15.00 15.87 14.50 16.95 15.41 15.15 15.78 15.69 14.95 14.43 12.37 12.95 16.00 16.15 15.20 14.70 13.10 16.26

Table A.16.3. Measurements of Radius of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 81 166 167 168 169 205 206 296 297 462 1674 1675 1676 1680 1939 1941 1942 2609 3334 3536 3537 3538 3540 3850 3851 3857 4918 7381 7532 8059 2159 2160 67 200 201 202 298 461 762 1066 1073 1469 1580 1996 1997 2345 2346 2554 2555 2781 3001 3002 3093 3095 3196 3170 3171 3172 3176

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G11 G11 G11 G11 H11 H11 H11 G6 F11 H5 H5 H5 H5 D25 D25 D25 F13 F26 F24 C25 Hno132 Hno132 LJP C25 LJP G25 G25 F24 I12 H7 H7 D25 H5 D10 D10

F11 F11 H11 F10 F10 G3 G3 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.38 28.13 33.02 31.58 00.00 29.23 29.83 28.86 00.00 29.44 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.05 31.48 28.90 32.50 00.00 32.10 00.00 00.00 29.96 32.33 30.73 32.10 30.95 00.00 29.83 28.08 28.73 30.98 28.05 29.84 29.51 00.00 30.05 30.39 00.00 32.35 30.62 00.00 31.39 30.08 29.77 00.00 29.59 00.00 33.10 00.00 29.10 28.26 29.26 31.89 00.00

218

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.68 16.91 00.00 15.10 17.35 15.28 00.00 16.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.05 17.25 15.36 16.73 00.00 17.50 00.00 16.50 15.90 17.55 16.05 16.35 16.85 00.00 15.79 00.00 15.75 17.40 15.45 16.23 15.00 00.00 16.45 17.73 00.00 17.48 16.91 00.00 16.29 16.20 16.50 00.00 17.65 00.00 17.70 00.00 15.93 15.37 16.26 18.26 00.00

BD 26.70 28.53 27.26 29.42 25.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.70 00.00 27.30 27.29 25.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.30 00.00 26.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.79 00.00 00.00 29.32 00.00 00.00 29.18 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.11 00.00 30.45 00.00 26.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.65

TD 18.81 19.86 18.87 20.75 18.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.24 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.05 00.00 22.37 19.56 18.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.85 00.00 18.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.34 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.54 00.00 00.00 20.26 00.00 00.00 21.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.09 00.00 21.59 00.00 19.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.30

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3177 3392 3394 3395 3978 6437 7444 7445 7010 7011 7012 7015 7181 7182 7183 7311 7571 7572 6186 927 928 929 930 1304 1772 2205 2848 2849 3462 3598 4524 4525 6515 6516 6517 6730 6943 6944 7837 7838 7857 4656 7243 7244 7245 51 1865 5871 5874 5876 6860 7088 7089 7090 7091 7641 7642 7982 7984 8116 3810 710 4215

G11 H6 H6 H6 G4 E25 E25 E25 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 E24 F26 F26 Hno106 G12 G12 G12 G12 G11 H11 G10 G3 G3 H7 I6 H12 H12 F25 F25 F25 E23 E26 E26 G25 G25 G25 Hno111 Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 E25 G11 E27 E27 F25 G26 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 F24 F24 E24 E8 B1 B4

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 9 9

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.70 29.40 00.00 00.00 33.40 28.80 30.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.95 28.75 00.00 34.05 32.20 31.16 32.64 33.78 29.37 26.13 30.16 00.00 00.00 32.25 00.00 00.00 29.55 00.00 00.00 30.35 29.85 00.00 29.88 00.00 29.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.53 33.05 00.00 00.00 34.75 30.90 30.25 31.20 30.65 31.60 00.00 30.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.15

219

00.00 16.40 00.00 00.00 17.15 15.65 00.00 00.00 17.10 14.50 16.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.80 15.50 00.00 17.95 17.54 16.98 17.18 18.70 16.14 14.81 16.92 00.00 00.00 17.55 00.00 00.00 15.70 00.00 00.00 15.20 15.45 00.00 15.35 00.00 16.80 17.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.33 17.05 00.00 00.00 18.50 17.75 16.05 16.56 16.65 15.41 00.00 18.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.85

29.33 00.00 30.30 29.56 00.00 00.00 27.45 29.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.00 28.70 27.90 30.60 27.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.41 27.07 00.00 28.60 27.60 00.00 26.50 26.45 00.00 00.00 26.35 00.00 29.25 00.00 00.00 25.65 28.80 22.55 21.59 00.00 00.00 27.50 29.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.14 00.00 28.05 26.40 30.00 27.89 00.00

22.10 00.00 21.66 21.75 00.00 00.00 19.57 20.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.50 19.90 18.30 22.30 18.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.56 18.35 00.00 21.90 20.53 00.00 17.45 18.10 00.00 00.00 18.85 00.00 21.40 00.00 00.00 18.30 20.50 18.20 19.21 00.00 00.00 19.90 21.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 00.00 22.30 19.60 21.35 20.07 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5224 136 3694 5444 5402 5479 5566 6048

E1 B2 B1 B4 C3 D3 D4 Hno87

11 12 12 13 15 15 15 16

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

28.92 29.72 32.15 00.00 00.00 26.47 28.00 00.00

Table A.16.4. Measurements of Ulna of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1202 1677 1731 1940 2050 2610 2611 2936 3335 3336 3539 3762 761 1072 1579 2100 2556 3094 3173 3174 3175 3983 6431 7013 7014 2206 2317 2676 3461 3758 7858 5889 4655 3269 3880 5050 6123 5002 685 3695 6327 5480

Trench F10 G11 G11 H11 G7 G6 G6 H10 F11 F11 H5 I11 I12 H7 H5 G6 F11 G3 G11 G11 G11 G4 E25 G24 G24 G10 E10 G7 H7 G11 G25 E25 Hno111 F11 B6 B1 Hno51 C2 A1 B1 B5 D3

Layer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 11 12 12 15

BP 16.20 16.71 10.94 18.45 17.74 14.26 16.66 14.76 15.05 17.77 17.35 15.95 00.00 15.42 19.28 16.48 16.25 16.16 16.00 16.69 15.15 16.55 16.60 15.85 14.90 14.75 12.94 17.95 16.20 18.09 16.40 15.20 15.95 14.20 15.80 15.25 17.15 15.50 14.21 17.15 15.60 14.65

SDO 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.50 19.04 20.43 00.00 20.52 00.00 22.70 00.00 19.78 00.00 22.87 00.00 20.26 00.00 19.51 21.35 00.00 20.56 00.00 21.50 19.50 20.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

220

14.15 16.03 17.53 00.00 00.00 15.40 14.75 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 24.35 26.65 00.00 00.00 25.80

00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 20.40 00.00 00.00 16.71

Table A.16.5. Measurements of Radius and Ulna of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2161 3979 3980 3981 677

Trench Hno132 G4 G4 G4 Hno110

Layer 1 2 2 2 4

BP 00.00 24.95 30.65 00.00 00.00

TP 00.00 14.05 16.55 00.00 00.00

BD 29.11 00.00 00.00 25.38 00.00

TD 22.84 00.00 00.00 20.90 00.00

SDO 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.25

Table A.16.6. Measurements of Metacarpal of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 190 192 327 329 3800 3801 3802 3803 1098 2718 2719 2720 2722 2723 2044 2045 2046 2047 3287 3288 3840 3841 1005 1007 7051 7052 7053 3341 3342 3350 3351 3352 4911 8048 8049 8050 7374 7375 387 8047 8091 1166 1682 1683 1684 1685 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP PITG6 PITG6 PITG6 PITG6 G4 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 G7 G7 D10 D10 D25 D25 E10 E10 E23 E23 E23 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F13 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F27 F27 F27 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.66 21.89 25.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.85 00.00 25.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.17 23.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.03 00.00 00.00 23.35 00.00 00.00 21.75 22.50 00.00 26.55 26.13 23.85 23.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

221

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 16.33 19.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.80 00.00 19.72 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.76 17.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 00.00 00.00 18.65 00.00 00.00 15.05 17.15 00.00 20.02 19.25 17.32 18.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 22.24 22.51 23.19 20.65 00.00 21.48 24.10 21.75 23.03 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.46 24.46 23.60 24.09 22.89 00.00 25.33 26.15 00.00 24.50 00.00 22.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.40 21.10 23.90 25.35 00.00 24.40 21.60 00.00 22.15 22.89 00.00 00.00 24.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.28 23.87 22.64 21.11 21.73

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.68 18.10 16.25 17.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.80 18.69 17.59 17.59 16.92 00.00 17.62 17.70 00.00 18.50 00.00 16.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.05 16.17 17.22 17.55 00.00 17.85 16.25 00.00 15.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.63 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.36 17.39 17.19 16.27 16.90

WT 10.23 10.41 10.67 9.40 00.00 9.56 10.55 9.86 10.42 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.45 10.69 10.28 10.57 10.22 10.88 10.55 11.05 00.00 10.88 00.00 9.48 10.20 10.50 10.85 00.00 00.00 11.52 9.35 9.65 10.98 00.00 10.85 10.15 00.00 10.05 10.48 00.00 00.00 11.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.26 11.08 10.46 10.17 10.15

TT 16.27 16.75 16.65 15.70 00.00 16.52 17.00 16.08 17.13 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.44 18.50 16.83 17.07 16.53 17.37 17.45 17.55 00.00 18.33 00.00 16.90 16.85 17.70 17.30 00.00 00.00 18.55 15.75 16.85 17.40 00.00 17.80 15.45 00.00 15.55 17.65 00.00 00.00 18.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.55 16.90 17.19 15.85 16.79

TLT 12.17 12.31 12.10 12.10 00.00 12.80 12.60 12.10 12.91 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.74 14.35 13.32 13.59 12.97 13.29 12.75 13.40 00.00 13.85 00.00 13.17 12.96 13.15 13.45 00.00 00.00 13.60 12.55 12.34 13.70 00.00 13.75 11.65 00.00 11.75 14.08 00.00 00.00 13.34 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.00 13.48 12.78 12.27 12.63

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1695 1696 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1954 1955 1956 1957 1962 1963 1965 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2157 2158 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2275 3084 3085 3086 3957 3958 3959 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3106 2085 2086 2087 2088 2089 2097 3638 3639 3641 3642 3643 1587

G11 G11 H10 H10 H10 H10 H10 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132

E1 G3 G3 G3 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G5 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 H5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 21.17 25.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.63 24.61 25.01 23.32 24.99 24.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.35 24.89 23.72 22.90 23.17 24.35 21.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.04 21.79 24.45 22.47 21.86 23.78 23.00 21.60 23.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.99 25.16 23.55 25.34 22.57 20.36 00.00 23.15 21.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.52

222

00.00 00.00 16.15 18.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.79 17.77 18.24 18.84 18.94 18.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.31 17.84 18.36 18.20 17.61 18.21 16.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.18 17.47 19.87 16.04 17.25 18.70 15.65 18.30 18.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.01 18.21 18.08 19.31 16.88 15.02 00.00 16.21 16.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.16

22.92 25.61 00.00 00.00 23.02 22.95 22.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.64 22.27 24.88 21.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.11 23.90 24.52 21.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.00 22.83 26.97 26.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.54 23.66 25.52 00.00

17.38 19.40 00.00 00.00 17.73 16.78 16.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.88 16.66 17.50 15.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.02 15.58 17.71 16.43 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.02 16.52 18.33 17.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.50 17.35 19.15 00.00

10.54 11.16 00.00 00.00 10.40 10.37 9.65 12.53 11.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.53 10.82 10.71 9.92 10.41 10.22 10.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.43 11.09 11.02 10.90 10.57 9.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.90 10.04 11.05 10.72 11.95 10.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.12 00.00 00.00 9.83 10.65 12.23 00.00

16.88 18.01 00.00 00.00 17.50 16.34 16.51 17.81 18.42 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.17 16.56 16.78 15.91 17.21 16.40 17.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.42 17.35 17.82 15.42 17.59 15.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.82 16.26 18.25 17.73 19.20 16.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.87 00.00 00.00 15.55 16.90 18.80 00.00

12.72 13.26 00.00 00.00 13.75 12.20 12.52 13.43 14.24 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.62 12.54 13.35 12.11 11.85 12.53 12.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.46 12.55 13.38 12.34 14.21 12.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.42 12.09 13.97 13.25 14.30 12.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.54 00.00 00.00 11.90 13.15 14.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1633 3398 3399 3400 3404 3405 1052 1053 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 3586 1449 1450 1452 1454 1455 1456 1459 1460 1461 1462 1464 7284 7285 7286 7287 7288 7289 7290 7291 7292 6408 6409 6412 6413 6414 7422 7423 7424 7425 3009 3013 3014

H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F10

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

21.69 21.84 23.70 25.70 26.05 21.33 24.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.56 24.63 23.50 22.33 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.13 22.63 22.96 24.78 23.44 24.85 21.00 21.22 22.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.75 21.55 23.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.85 24.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

223

17.37 15.61 18.14 19.09 21.02 16.60 17.34 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.54 18.29 18.35 17.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.47 16.10 18.32 18.73 18.67 18.56 23.17 23.11 18.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.10 17.20 16.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.30 19.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.72 21.43 21.75 22.23 22.28 24.65 24.81 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.25 23.78 23.30 23.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.83 24.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.75 24.35 24.30 22.67 22.45 22.70 00.00 00.00 24.10 23.50 21.05 00.00 22.80 22.60 23.25 22.06 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.48 16.35 16.26 16.49 16.77 17.94 18.44 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.07 18.12 17.58 17.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.28 17.21 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.10 17.27 18.80 17.75 16.77 16.50 00.00 00.00 17.55 16.65 15.65 00.00 17.50 16.74 16.62 15.82 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.00 9.72 9.83 10.07 10.16 10.88 11.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.15 11.00 10.64 10.63 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.64 10.92 11.58 00.00 10.50 10.97 11.05 11.92 10.86 11.47 10.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.82 11.20 11.27 10.30 10.05 10.87 00.00 00.00 10.85 10.65 9.40 00.00 17.45 10.30 10.15 10.16 10.08 11.07

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.05 16.18 15.74 15.98 16.76 17.76 17.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 17.98 17.40 17.11 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.02 16.90 18.58 17.57 17.46 17.56 17.26 18.26 17.26 18.20 16.43 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.90 17.20 17.83 17.48 16.15 15.92 00.00 00.00 16.95 16.50 15.56 00.00 13.93 16.30 16.10 15.17 16.40 16.77

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.22 12.34 11.98 12.15 13.24 13.49 14.09 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.11 14.33 13.33 13.09 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.88 12.50 14.29 00.00 12.29 13.67 12.77 13.82 12.33 13.37 12.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.70 13.45 13.90 13.45 12.30 11.80 00.00 00.00 13.00 12.75 12.27 00.00 00.00 11.90 12.30 11.77 12.50 13.04

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2569 2573 2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580 827 829 831 838 6616 6617 6618 6619 6620 6622 6623 6624 6625 6626 7486 7487 7488 7489 7490 7561 7562 7563 7564 1351 1353 1354 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1367 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3204 3205 3206 3211 3213 3214

F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F12 F12 F12 F12 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F26 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

24.73 22.74 24.10 25.02 22.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.32 23.65 22.85 22.20 22.85 23.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.40 22.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.26 22.26 21.92 22.70 22.37 24.01 22.99 24.95 23.32 22.44 21.57 21.97 22.62 23.35 21.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

224

19.41 17.94 17.35 19.24 16.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.83 16.80 17.15 16.80 17.47 18.63 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.50 17.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.70 16.59 15.56 17.35 18.11 18.44 17.23 17.50 16.69 17.55 16.12 16.47 17.77 18.45 15.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.74 23.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.91 21.95 22.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.40 26.30 21.80 21.30 21.40 00.00 24.05 22.50 23.50 23.05 00.00 00.00 22.05 23.25 24.47 22.08 24.74 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.00 23.74 24.75 23.55 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.09 16.91 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.61 15.85 17.28 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.93 17.60 15.80 16.25 16.25 00.00 17.15 15.80 17.15 17.65 00.00 00.00 16.50 16.65 18.02 16.93 17.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.82 17.76 16.05 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.20 10.35 11.30 10.64 11.10 11.41 11.06 10.68 11.35 9.94 10.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.80 10.95 9.57 9.65 10.05 00.00 11.10 10.20 10.65 10.50 00.00 00.00 9.90 10.50 10.80 10.34 11.34 10.34 10.83 11.03 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.72 10.89 10.60 9.72 10.14 11.21

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.49 16.43 17.14 18.08 17.30 18.01 18.25 16.55 17.31 15.87 17.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.65 17.35 15.65 15.75 16.15 00.00 16.80 15.65 16.90 17.45 00.00 00.00 16.47 16.15 17.40 16.77 17.18 17.72 17.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.24 16.36 17.33 15.74 17.10 17.60

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.78 12.37 13.75 12.77 12.84 13.73 13.36 13.33 13.87 12.13 13.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.95 13.65 11.60 12.05 12.83 00.00 13.25 12.05 12.80 14.00 00.00 00.00 12.45 12.45 13.55 12.83 13.42 13.38 13.17 13.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.64 12.76 13.52 11.34 13.15 13.41

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7018 7019 7020 7021 7022 7023 7024 7172 7174 2783 2788 2789 2790 3569 3570 3571 746 747 4468 4469 2854 2856 2857 2858 2859 2677 2678 2679 2680 2683 2686 2687 2698 3466 3467 3468 3469 3470 3471 3472 3510 3511 2020 1231 1234 1235 1889 6762 6509 189 6528 6530 2442 2443 2209 2905 1269 1270 1272 1274 3747 3748 3749

G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 H11 H11 H11 H11 I10 I10 I10 I12 I12 Hno129 Hno129 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 D24 D25 D25 D25 E10 E23 E25 F24 F25 F25 F25&F26 F25&F26

G10 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.75 14.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

22.10 21.85 21.05 26.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.45 00.00 25.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.27 21.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.23 23.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.14 22.50 22.85 24.60 24.71 21.00 25.45 23.30 20.70 25.05 24.11 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.06 23.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.04 18.82 00.00 00.00 23.59 21.12 00.00 00.00 25.25 00.00 00.00

225

16.15 17.20 16.65 19.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 00.00 18.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.85 17.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.15 18.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.66 16.10 17.39 18.85 17.70 15.40 19.70 16.80 15.10 19.30 19.61 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.20 17.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.39 14.25 00.00 00.00 19.90 16.38 00.00 00.00 18.60 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.50 26.10 23.70 00.00 22.48 00.00 24.56 22.96 22.62 00.00 00.00 23.65 00.00 23.11 00.00 00.00 22.48 26.25 25.56 25.65 00.00 25.58 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.49 25.16 22.30 00.00 00.00 20.78 25.74 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.20 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.14 19.00 17.75 00.00 17.02 00.00 18.16 17.55 17.29 00.00 00.00 17.65 00.00 16.63 00.00 00.00 16.92 17.70 17.87 18.84 00.00 18.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.55 16.00 00.00 00.00 16.03 18.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.27 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.90 11.55 10.85 00.00 10.05 00.00 11.00 10.14 10.27 00.00 00.00 10.49 00.00 10.07 00.00 00.00 10.26 11.71 11.34 11.35 10.39 11.27 12.05 11.34 11.13 11.17 12.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.33 10.31 11.06 11.35 00.00 00.00 10.21 11.15 10.75 00.00 00.00 9.62 11.30 00.00 00.00 9.89 9.99 00.00 11.32 10.15

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.95 18.90 17.45 00.00 16.55 00.00 17.47 17.26 17.34 00.00 00.00 17.35 00.00 15.75 00.00 00.00 16.85 17.28 17.73 17.75 17.00 17.88 19.35 17.13 17.85 17.97 18.55 17.11 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.74 17.77 17.32 17.95 00.00 00.00 16.59 17.65 15.85 00.00 00.00 15.94 18.43 00.00 00.00 16.95 16.65 00.00 18.00 16.65

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.40 14.45 13.25 00.00 12.83 00.00 13.77 13.63 13.53 00.00 00.00 12.85 00.00 11.42 00.00 00.00 12.74 13.96 13.90 13.63 12.77 13.32 13.34 12.53 13.04 13.02 13.74 12.74 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.56 13.47 12.82 13.35 00.00 00.00 12.50 13.57 12.05 00.00 00.00 11.78 13.93 00.00 00.00 13.06 12.47 00.00 14.00 12.50

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3750 3751 886 887 888 890 891 893 893 7810 7811 7812 7813 7814 7815 7817 7820 7821 7822 2619 2621 2622 2624 1781 1783 1784 4517 4518 4520 4521 7917 6181 4873 4874 4487 568 1814 3015 8016 8017 8018 8119 8129 5862 5863 7968 7969 7970 7971 5967 1862 1868 7102 7103 7104 7105 7106 7107 7623 7758 7759 4753 4694

G11 G11 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 H10 H10 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H12 H12 H12 H12 Hno102 Hno106 Hno107 Hno107 Hno128 F8 H5 H7 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E27 E27 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 G11 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 D24&E25 D24&E25

Hno117 Hno121

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.69 23.85 21.34 22.42 24.15 24.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.82 22.65 00.00 00.00 22.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.09 22.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.30 20.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.89 00.00 00.00 19.85 21.90 22.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.70 00.00 00.00 24.48 00.00

226

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.08 18.85 16.30 17.81 18.80 17.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.60 17.46 00.00 00.00 16.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.65 17.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.65 14.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.05 00.00 00.00 14.15 17.10 16.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.00 00.00 00.00 17.92 00.00

21.45 21.00 21.71 23.17 23.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.60 24.30 23.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.81 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.75 24.95 00.00 21.57 27.10 00.00 00.00 22.31 24.19 00.00 00.00 23.60 22.40 25.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.25 23.00 24.90 22.55 00.00 23.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.59 21.90 24.75 00.00 21.80 23.85 00.00 00.00

15.95 17.78 16.75 17.31 16.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.70 17.50 17.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.23 18.62 00.00 15.87 17.27 00.00 00.00 17.37 17.64 00.00 00.00 17.30 16.02 19.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.60 16.20 18.55 17.20 00.00 17.72 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 17.65 00.00 00.00 17.05 16.70 00.00 00.00

9.48 9.54 10.01 10.54 10.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.65 10.30 10.50 10.93 10.60 11.15 10.55 10.60 10.65 00.00 9.35 9.98 9.87 11.29 9.41 00.00 00.00 10.50 11.33 00.00 10.35 10.45 10.90 12.55 9.75 11.13 00.00 00.00 10.57 10.20 11.40 11.10 00.00 00.00 11.30 10.55 10.75 10.75 00.00 10.48 10.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.20 10.26 10.95 00.00 9.60 10.95 00.00 10.60

15.81 16.80 16.40 16.81 15.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.35 17.10 17.30 17.65 16.05 17.93 17.00 16.65 17.05 00.00 16.03 16.40 17.08 18.30 15.75 00.00 00.00 17.98 18.37 00.00 15.45 17.20 18.50 19.05 16.91 17.62 00.00 00.00 17.20 16.00 18.90 17.95 00.00 00.00 18.55 15.75 17.28 17.20 00.00 17.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.75 17.45 19.50 00.00 17.00 16.55 00.00 16.55

11.75 12.50 12.86 13.55 12.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.60 13.00 12.95 13.15 12.40 13.45 13.45 11.95 12.50 00.00 12.76 12.28 13.10 13.23 12.60 00.00 00.00 14.45 14.24 00.00 11.25 13.30 13.70 13.90 12.49 14.04 00.00 00.00 13.50 12.65 14.10 14.15 00.00 00.00 14.71 12.20 12.35 13.55 00.00 13.48 13.39 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.12 13.30 12.30 00.00 12.88 12.45 00.00 12.20

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2975 3809 4326 4327 4328 4566 4422 3767 3768 3769 3770 3771 1504 1836 4846 4494 6055 6017 813 4282 4283 5610 5917 5768 6039 6040 2499

B3 E8 F8 F8 F8 E5 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 G4 G4 E4 Hno49 C3 E3 C1 C2 C2 C3 B3 D8 Hno87 Hno87 D3

5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 11 11 12 12 12 12 14 14 16 16 16

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.65 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 23.60 21.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.30 24.85 24.55 00.00 00.00 22.58 00.00 24.70 24.10 20.09 20.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.97

00.00 00.00 16.35 16.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.00 18.60 17.75 00.00 00.00 16.81 00.00 17.55 17.40 14.55 14.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.55

00.00 26.16 00.00 00.00 23.05 22.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.50 24.85 00.00 22.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.60 00.00 00.00 22.95 00.00

00.00 18.35 00.00 00.00 16.35 17.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.60 19.25 00.00 16.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.50 00.00 00.00 16.90 00.00

WT 10.52 11.22 11.68 11.86 10.69 10.35 10.85 11.40 11.49 11.20 10.10 10.84 11.13 10.27 11.20 11.21 9.33 11.60 9.85 11.30 10.00 11.30 10.83 10.44 11.74 10.74 10.77 10.63 10.43 10.60 9.95

TT 16.85 17.83 18.30 17.63 18.05 17.00 17.30 18.05 17.47 18.05 18.05 16.26 16.42 16.63 18.70 17.90 15.44 18.27 16.70 18.07 16.25 18.07 17.34 17.58 18.00 17.64 17.28 19.00 17.14 17.34 17.00

TLT 12.70 13.37 12.85 12.30 12.15 12.60 12.65 13.63 12.35 13.20 13.40 11.81 12.24 12.85 15.05 13.63 11.64 13.25 12.30 13.75 11.80 13.75 12.63 13.00 13.22 13.48 00.00 12.67 12.88 13.19 12.90

Table A.16.7. Measurements of Metapodia of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5280 1097 3289 3290 3859 3858 3848 3847 3845 3846 3861 1182 1181 3355 3367 3356 3357 8054 8055 8056 8058 8057 1700 1702 1699 2277 2276 2278 2279 3090 3645

Trench LJP G4 D10 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 G11 G11 G11 E1 E1 E1 E1 G3 G7

Layer 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

BD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.67 00.00 00.00 24.26 00.00 00.00 24.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.42 00.00 00.00 18.26 00.00 00.00 16.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

227

11.26 12.00 00.00 00.00 10.50 10.40 11.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.35 10.98 00.00 10.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.97 11.83 11.60 00.00 10.13 00.00 10.20 10.08 00.00

16.98 18.16 00.00 00.00 16.00 17.25 18.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.05 18.55 00.00 15.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.11 18.70 17.70 00.00 16.15 00.00 16.75 16.25 00.00

13.15 13.70 00.00 00.00 12.60 13.00 13.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.30 14.48 00.00 12.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.05 13.65 13.25 00.00 12.65 00.00 12.20 12.55 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1613 1614 1611 1612 1610 1615 1051 3587 1463 7301 7338 7303 7304 7302 6425 6424 6423 6421 6422 6418 6420 6419 6426 7436 7437 7439 7435 7434 7433 7432 7428 7429 7431 7438 6632 6631 6630 6635 6633 6634 7493 7569 7570 7568 7029 7028 7030 7176 7177 7178 7179 7180 749 745 750 748 6110 3604 6737 6744 6745 6738 6746

H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H7 I6 D25 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F26 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 I12 I12 I12 I12 Hno125 G4 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.42 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

228

10.99 11.62 11.18 11.51 12.26 10.47 11.02 11.48 10.18 11.20 10.25 10.40 9.35 9.40 9.20 9.80 9.65 10.00 10.00 10.65 10.45 9.85 10.70 9.55 9.70 10.70 9.40 10.05 10.45 10.40 10.50 10.98 10.75 12.24 10.80 9.90 10.50 10.47 11.45 10.35 11.75 10.88 10.95 11.00 10.65 11.15 10.70 11.45 11.00 10.30 10.55 10.55 11.50 11.11 10.67 11.55 10.40 10.65 11.00 10.90 10.32 10.97 9.90

17.48 18.05 17.34 17.83 18.73 17.05 17.55 17.25 00.00 17.80 16.70 16.65 16.35 15.90 15.45 16.10 15.80 16.52 16.70 17.73 16.80 16.17 17.05 15.85 16.45 17.20 16.15 16.20 16.95 16.86 16.57 17.82 17.00 19.00 17.80 16.03 16.42 16.77 17.55 16.50 17.65 1755 17.44 18.05 16.15 18.17 16.80 17.40 17.70 17.40 16.75 17.04 18.32 17.62 17.49 17.71 16.50 16.81 18.03 17.77 16.35 17.30 16.92

12.64 13.46 12.36 12.61 13.76 12.81 12.34 13.38 00.00 13.70 13.20 13.65 11.56 11.65 11.40 11.90 12.26 11.60 12.15 13.79 12.87 12.45 12.55 12.17 12.25 13.52 11.73 12.15 12.45 12.70 12.50 11.96 13.20 13.90 12.65 11.30 12.25 13.05 13.00 12.35 13.62 12.20 12.65 13.45 11.75 13.95 12.55 13.00 13.80 13.45 11.90 13.20 13.55 12.77 13.09 13.31 11.90 12.40 13.07 12.55 12.42 12.90 11.75

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6747 6748 6764 6741 6763 6743 6742 6740 6739 6935 6936 6937 6938 6934 6939 3270 6539 6541 6537 6536 6540 6535 6532 6551 6534 6543 6550 6542 6549 6544 6533 6538 6548 6547 6546 6545 2210 3754 3753 3752 7831 7829 7825 7826 7827 7828 7830 7719 7718 7717 7716 7720 7721 7715 7893 7892 7891 7890 7928 7929 6183 3656 974

E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F11 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G10 G11 G11 G11 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G27 G27 G27 G27 Hno103 Hno103 Hno106 Hno127 C1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.58 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

229

10.25 10.50 10.96 10.28 10.36 11.50 11.45 11.60 10.41 10.70 10.35 9.85 10.20 11.16 9.90 11.47 11.47 11.85 10.87 9.65 10.85 10.15 9.13 11.35 9.90 11.95 10.95 11.05 10.85 11.10 10.00 10.85 12.15 10.45 11.80 10.80 9.90 11.45 9.80 10.95 11.38 11.90 11.45 10.80 10.40 10.45 11.45 9.95 10.97 12.60 11.60 11.40 10.20 9.56 11.60 10.70 11.57 10.85 10.40 10.40 9.82 11.80 10.86

17.32 16.90 16.65 16.57 16.45 18.46 17.70 16.84 16.90 16.85 17.07 16.17 16.10 17.45 17.75 17.53 18.56 17.85 17.80 14.93 17.30 16.50 14.06 18.30 15.60 19.25 17.40 17.60 17.40 18.05 16.75 17.20 18.15 16.08 17.50 18.35 16.28 16.30 15.30 17.30 16.85 19.50 17.55 18.24 16.97 16.65 17.90 16.20 18.30 19.73 18.60 17.05 16.30 15.17 18.27 17.75 18.10 17.30 16.50 16.74 15.82 18.40 00.00

12.95 12.49 12.60 12.73 11.60 13.52 13.20 12.92 13.20 12.70 12.85 12.30 11.80 13.00 13.00 12.15 13.24 12.70 12.30 10.40 12.55 12.20 9.65 13.20 12.15 14.30 12.35 12.75 13.20 12.75 12.76 13.20 13.85 10.50 12.53 14.00 12.60 12.66 11.32 12.95 13.30 13.00 13.85 13.45 12.87 11.70 14.12 12.10 13.85 14.83 13.90 13.32 11.08 12.08 13.65 13.00 12.65 12.30 12.03 11.50 11.25 13.00 13.62

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3056 3057 8127 8125 8126 8124 8020 8019 8123 8031 5887 7978 7979 7981 7973 7972 7980 7975 7977 7976 5974 5971 5975 5973 5972 1864 7121 7120 7119 7118 7117 7116 7115 7114 7142 7112 7111 7110 7109 7113 7633 7632 7634 7635 7638 6821 6823 6822 6824 6825 7240 7239 7238 7241 4650 4653 4651 4652 4654 4063 4062 4757 4626

H7 H7 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno111 Hno115 Hno115 Hno117 B2

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.03 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

230

10.12 10.22 10.55 10.45 10.20 10.25 9.95 10.58 11.75 9.50 11.30 10.13 10.95 9.95 10.65 10.05 9.90 11.05 11.60 11.30 11.00 11.87 11.10 10.70 10.52 10.07 9.45 9.95 9.66 10.30 10.65 10.84 10.95 10.39 10.35 11.60 11.05 11.35 10.30 11.00 12.26 10.25 11.18 10.90 11.15 11.20 10.75 10.00 9.75 11.05 10.75 10.70 10.80 10.35 10.55 10.08 10.25 10.33 11.25 9.57 10.40 11.20 10.25

16.84 16.03 16.90 17.25 17.10 16.95 16.65 17.15 17.95 16.05 18.00 16.25 18.05 15.65 16.95 15.85 16.05 18.10 19.40 16.95 17.55 18.70 18.10 18.25 16.70 16.64 15.85 16.35 15.30 15.90 16.50 18.23 17.46 17.25 16.65 18.25 17.70 18.09 17.80 18.52 18.25 15.73 17.95 17.57 16.55 18.02 17.05 16.40 16.27 18.10 17.40 17.25 17.10 16.70 16.67 16.18 17.35 16.76 17.45 15.43 17.00 16.65 15.44

11.96 12.01 12.23 13.85 12.75 13.57 13.05 12.80 12.80 12.00 12.70 12.45 12.85 10.70 12.43 12.15 11.35 13.17 14.45 14.10 12.90 13.85 13.45 13.90 12.80 12.36 12.45 11.84 10.45 11.70 12.50 14.00 12.80 11.90 11.70 13.67 12.40 12.90 12.60 13.85 13.60 11.35 13.30 13.75 12.82 13.00 12.50 11.90 12.26 13.40 13.80 13.35 13.15 12.46 12.02 12.70 12.27 11.88 12.65 11.25 11.90 12.51 11.15

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4335 4334 4331 4332 3772 1837 814 815 529 527

F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 G4 C1 C1 Hno50 Hno50

5 5 5 5 6 7 12 12 12 12

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

11.10 10.15 10.58 11.30 10.75 10.79 10.51 11.24 10.10 10.80

18.75 16.45 16.73 17.64 17.70 16.65 17.69 18.08 16.36 17.09

13.75 13.17 12.25 12.90 12.20 12.41 11.97 12.71 12.60 12.32

BD 00.00 00.00 39.38 00.00 34.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.25 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.37 00.00

LC 30.62 27.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.55 00.00 28.59 26.14 28.40 00.00 28.00

Table A.16.8. Measurements of Pelvis of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 464 467 469 470 468 7382 1585 471 1474 472 2586 2587 465 6640 3220 3221 2771 6952 466 7854 7855 7856 1788 4526 4527 463 8023 5869 1870 1871 7101 473

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP E24 F26 H5 C23 D25 E25 F11 F11 F20 F24 G11 G11 H11 E26 F27 G25 G25 G25 H11 H12 H12 E24 E27 G11 G11 G24

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 11

LA 32.13 33.78 34.54 32.68 32.77 34.35 31.71 33.19 28.08 32.11 33.55 31.48 33.67 32.55 31.11 32.75 31.75 29.25 33.82 34.50 32.26 34.55 31.44 34.10 33.70 33.09 29.20 33.35 32.29 33.62 29.05 34.06

Table A.16.9. Measurements of Femur of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 291 394 395 5283 5284 1010 1012 1673 1943 2613 3541 4914

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP E10 E10 G11 H11 G6 H5 F13

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BP 49.19 00.00 00.00 54.05 00.00 54.75 00.00 50.20 44.06 51.39 00.00 52.52

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.47 25.02 24.29 00.00 23.07

231

TC 21.94 20.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.74 21.35 19.85 19.45 00.00 21.60

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4915 199 286 288 847 1089 1575 2098 2099 2341 2559 2772 2773 2774 2775 3003 3588 3985 3986 6432 7312 7313 922 2674 2675 3465 3597 6784 7643 8030 8115 4118 4220 4772 6124 6227 6329 6267 5481 6050

F13 C23 F25 G25 F12 H7 H5 G6 G6 F11 H11 H11 H11 H11 F10 I6 G4 G4 E25 E24 E24 G12 G7 G7 H7 I6 E23 G25 E24 E24 C3 A3 A5 Hno51 B6 B5 E9 D3 Hno87

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 12 12 14 15 16

52.95 52.81 00.00 00.00 53.30 37.80 52.54 00.00 00.00 37.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.00 00.00 52.90 00.00 44.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.10 00.00 00.00 51.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

22.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.10 00.00 23.31 00.00 00.00 50.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.97 00.00 30.00 00.00 25.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 40.69 35.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 36.63 00.00 00.00 39.68 39.13 41.51 37.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.18 00.00 40.60 00.00 40.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.80 36.15 36.90 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.19 55.69 50.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.45 00.00 53.40 50.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 56.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.50 00.00 50.35 00.00

28.65 30.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.99 27.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.81 28.30 27.15 23.35 00.00 25.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.34 26.91 29.65 28.37 24.05 00.00 29.70 26.65 22.45 18.86 23.60 00.00 18.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.00

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.44 48.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BD 25.39 27.61 22.97 25.47 27.32 26.31 24.67 23.36 23.50 27.20 26.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.25 19.25 24.71 30.07

TD 10.16 21.78 16.93 19.09 21.52 20.75 18.58 17.98 17.57 20.90 21.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.90 22.41 20.16 22.34

Table A.16.10. Measurements of Tibia of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 38 53 137 139 140 142 144 145 147 266 268 269 354 356 40 48 1100 1101

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP F27 F25 G4 G4

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1

DD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.27 00.00 00.00 17.45 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.29 44.72 43.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

232

21.55 19.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.58 20.36 00.00 21.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.07 19.57 21.12 21.70 00.00 18.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.61 19.53 20.80 00.00 19.20 00.00 22.45 10.96 18.55 16.95 20.05 00.00 18.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.20

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1102 1167 1193 1678 1679 1945 2049 2614 2615 2935 3338 3339 3852 7054 7055 8060 8061 8062 2162 138 203 264 265 267 357 383 1070 1071 1139 1335 1339 1340 1341 1468 1576 1577 1578 2106 2284 2342 2344 2557 2558 2777 3004 3005 3006 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3396 3397 3567 3987 3988 3989 3990 4450 6433 6434 6435

G4 G10 F10 G11 G11 H11 G7 G6 G6 H10 F11 F11 D25 E23 E23 F24 F27 F27 HNO132 G25 G25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 H7 H7 E10 G11 G11 G11 G11 D25 H5 H5 H5 G6 E1

F11 F11 H11 F10 F10 F10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 H6 H6 I10 G4 G4 G4 G4 B7 E25 E25 E25

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

40.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.85 00.00 00.00 40.17 43.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.45 42.15 42.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

233

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.04 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.72 48.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 26.15 23.74 26.71 25.45 25.55 28.37 26.11 24.31 28.58 27.40 29.90 29.65 00.00 00.00 24.95 26.40 27.20 28.31 26.90 27.37 26.44 26.78 26.89 26.74 27.65 26.64 27.86 00.00 28.69 26.31 28.14 23.62 26.47 30.93 26.39 27.01 00.00 28.01 24.24 00.00 25.77 24.11 29.65 00.00 26.90 22.80 00.00 00.00 25.00 28.35 28.03 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.15 29.00 27.47 26.95 25.20 26.25 26.55 26.45

00.00 21.79 28.32 20.98 20.47 20.43 28.29 20.65 20.35 21.50 22.64 25.53 22.75 18.00 00.00 20.50 20.05 20.50 21.32 21.80 21.41 00.00 21.86 2090 20.56 22.18 20.71 21.14 00.00 23.78 19.70 22.18 18.38 20.10 23.82 22.07 13.62 21.78 21.11 21.03 00.00 19.43 18.70 22.55 00.00 21.85 17.47 00.00 00.00 20.25 22.36 22.09 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.08 22.25 20.45 21.25 17.85 21.20 20.85 17.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6436 7446 6637 6638 6639 7016 7184 7314 7315 7316 7495 7574 916 917 918 919 920 921 1254 1302 1303 1773 1774 2013 2203 2670 2671 2672 2673 3463 3756 3757 3790 4528 4529 4530 4531 6518 6519 6520 6521 6522 6729 6761 6945 6946 6947 6948 7834 7835 7836 7878 7898 6187 382 666 5890 6827 6828 6829 7093 7094 7095

E25 E25 F24 F24 F24 G24 G25 E24 E24 E24 F24 F26 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 D25 G11 G11 H11 H11 D24 G10 G7 G7 G7 G7 H7 G11 G11 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 G25 G25 G25 G27 G27 Hno106 E25 Hno110 E25 G26 G26 G26 G24 G24 G24

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.82 41.02 44.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.33 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.00 42.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 38.60 00.00 44.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.10 00.00

234

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.57 48.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.33 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

26.55 27.60 26.15 26.35 29.05 27.70 26.82 00.00 25.65 25.75 26.40 26.85 25.74 28.19 24.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.49 27.09 27.97 00.00 26.09 25.79 27.97 21.69 23.39 27.94 00.00 26.70 25.54 26.60 00.00 00.00 27.63 27.40 25.16 27.70 27.35 25.60 26.58 21.61 26.15 27.70 27.45 25.95 25.05 25.65 28.05 27.00 28.80 28.00 00.00 28.65 00.00 27.40 28.60 26.25 26.60 26.20 26.75 00.00 25.55

21.31 22.10 20.00 20.65 22.50 22.40 20.50 00.00 20.90 19.90 21.73 21.02 20.62 22.29 19.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.62 21.49 21.62 00.00 20.62 19.49 21.54 16.99 20.55 21.55 00.00 21.05 19.11 22.25 00.00 00.00 22.20 21.08 20.30 21.90 21.40 21.25 21.43 16.90 20.41 21.60 21.70 20.65 21.95 19.45 21.25 21.00 22.40 21.85 00.00 22.06 00.00 21.48 22.15 21.53 21.45 20.30 20.78 00.00 19.65

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7096 7097 7098 7099 7644 7645 8004 8021 8113 8114 5021 4342 4168 4898 271 355 684 6226 5643 5309 6342 5403 5431 6047

G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 F24 E24 E24 E24 Hno122 F8 B1 C0 C24 A1 B6 A4 E3 E4 C3 E4 Hno87

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 11 12 13 14 14 15 15 16

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.18 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.40 00.00 00.00 45.15 00.00 42.24 00.00 24.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.75

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.20 00.00 46.86 21.04 18.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.50

27.80 27.67 28.45 27.95 28.95 25.70 26.85 26.50 27.85 27.80 00.00 27.95 27.35 00.00 24.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.15 27.61 24.10 27.30 28.30 00.00

20.65 21.60 23.10 21.45 21.25 19.75 21.45 19.35 22.35 22.65 00.00 21.65 20.70 00.00 18.18 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.18 21.03 17.85 21.45 20.70 00.00

BD 25.43 23.72 00.00 22.76 24.26 24.37 23.67 24.87 23.71 25.15 22.73 22.54 22.55 23.05 00.00 25.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.43 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.40 24.15 00.00 22.70 23.50 00.00 00.00 22.76 00.00 24.60

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.67 18.55 00.00 16.75 16.86 00.00 00.00 17.24 00.00 17.57

Table A.16.11. Measurements of Metatarsal of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 59 80 172 173 175 176 177 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 388 5278 5279 2721 2724 2725 3542 3283 3284 3285 3286 3842 3843 3844 3866 1004 1006 7050 1180

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G6 G6 G6 H5 D10 D10 D10 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E10 E23 F10

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DD 14.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.65 22.75 22.72 00.00 00.00 22.79 22.60 22.95 00.00 00.00 22.55 00.00 00.00 20.50 22.76 00.00 21.45 00.00

235

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.00 25.45 24.31 00.00 00.00 25.90 23.35 23.53 00.00 00.00 24.40 00.00 00.00 22.75 24.07 00.00 24.35 00.00

WT 16.52 10.95 11.42 9.79 10.37 10.59 10.56 11.34 11.23 11.67 10.47 10.21 9.16 10.58 10.78 11.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.50 11.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.30 10.90 00.00 10.00 10.25 00.00 00.00 10.59 00.00 11.44

TT 18.82 17.65 17.54 15.97 16.64 17.17 16.56 17.55 17.48 18.74 16.60 16.66 16.22 16.88 17.01 18.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.96 17.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.18 18.24 00.00 16.00 16.15 00.00 00.00 16.46 00.00 17.44

TLT 13.38 12.80 12.75 11.34 12.25 13.55 11.70 12.87 12.54 13.78 12.60 12.37 11.81 12.70 11.70 13.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.82 11.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.85 13.83 00.00 11.27 11.45 00.00 00.00 12.47 00.00 13.04

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1183 184 1185 1186 1196 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3354 4910 8051 8052 8053 7276 174 318 1686 1687 1688 1689 2944 2953 1952 1953 1958 1964 1966 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2349 2350 2351 3960 3961 3962 3969 2090 2091 2093 2094 2095 2096 3640 3644 1595 1596 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1616 3406

F10 F10 F10 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F13 F24 F24 F24 F26 F27 F27 G11 G11 G11 G11 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132

G4 G4 G4 G4 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.35 23.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.83 22.95 21.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.30 21.90 00.00 00.00 24.03 22.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.02 20.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

236

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.96 23.62 23.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.40 23.65 00.00 00.00 26.67 24.92 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.09 23.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

22.70 25.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.65 25.10 24.02 23.45 26.36 24.22 00.00 24.34 00.00 23.60 24.75 24.93 22.91 22.49 00.00 23.68 22.11 25.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.32 21.73 26.12 26.36 24.38 24.12 00.00 24.59 24.33 23.29 00.00 00.00 23.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.73 24.28 26.02 23.98 25.08 23.13 00.00 00.00 23.60 23.63 23.51 24.94 00.00 00.00 22.84

16.71 18.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.25 19.25 17.95 16.43 19.50 18.20 00.00 17.45 00.00 17.20 18.75 17.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.59 16.88 18.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.79 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.63 16.91 16.88 18.05 18.02 18.15 00.00 17.33 17.93 16.54 00.00 00.00 17.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.59 18.71 18.48 17.01 18.70 16.54 00.00 00.00 18.69 17.53 17.57 18.89 00.00 00.00 16.65

10.66 10.98 10.04 11.23 00.00 00.00 10.95 11.35 10.72 10.30 11.50 10.80 10.00 11.42 00.00 10.60 11.00 11.10 10.13 9.38 00.00 10.79 9.90 11.76 11.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.41 10.25 9.74 00.00 11.78 10.18 11.14 11.35 10.70 11.04 10.77 11.61 11.24 10.55 00.00 00.00 10.73 10.17 00.00 00.00 10.81 10.55 11.17 10.87 10.90 9.80 00.00 00.00 11.13 10.71 10.75 11.77 10.05 11.29 10.07

16.29 16.60 16.42 17.42 00.00 00.00 17.00 18.55 17.45 16.33 19.05 17.69 15.30 16.80 00.00 16.85 18.10 17.45 15.69 15.98 00.00 17.49 15.85 18.21 17.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.92 15.86 15.29 00.00 18.64 16.45 16.44 17.90 17.88 17.78 17.24 17.21 17.74 16.25 00.00 00.00 17.58 16.15 00.00 00.00 18.10 17.73 17.22 17.15 17.80 15.84 00.00 00.00 18.50 17.06 17.20 18.68 16.13 17.52 16.53

12.16 13.02 13.03 12.63 00.00 00.00 12.86 13.80 12.83 11.90 13.78 13.08 11.35 13.00 00.00 13.05 13.20 13.35 11.32 11.18 00.00 12.77 11.47 13.49 12.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.38 12.05 11.51 00.00 13.41 12.38 13.15 13.25 13.88 13.79 12.09 13.81 12.77 11.69 00.00 00.00 12.55 11.30 00.00 00.00 13.17 12.47 12.01 12.75 12.15 11.10 00.00 00.00 13.41 12.99 13.12 13.65 11.31 12.87 12.33

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3407 3408 3409 3410 1054 1055 1056 1994 1445 1446 1448 1451 1457 1458 1465 1466 1467 1479 7293 7294 7295 7296 7297 7298 7299 7300 6415 6416 6417 7426 7427 7430 3010 3011 2566 2567 2568 2570 2571 2572 2574 828 830 6621 6627 6628 6629 7491 7492 7565 7566 7567 1350 1351 1352 1355 1356 1357 1358 3196 3197 3198 3199

H6 H6 H6 H6 H7 H7 H7 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F12 F12 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.46 21.61 22.40 23.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.73 20.04 21.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.70 20.93 20.93 00.00

237

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.21 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.65 25.26 26.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.47 25.76 23.13 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.39 23.14 23.26 00.00

22.76 22.96 23.78 00.00 24.32 26.06 25.01 00.00 22.52 23.71 22.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.00 25.90 27.05 23.00 00.00 00.00 23.49 23.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.47 25.69 25.48 00.00 23.12 22.79 00.00 25.05 24.35 25.60 25.73 24.55 23.40 24.60 22.70 23.25 24.47 22.76 23.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.46

17.69 17.53 17.51 00.00 17.47 18.44 18.71 00.00 17.12 17.33 16.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.70 18.40 18.95 16.80 00.00 00.00 17.99 16.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.60 19.34 18.23 00.00 17.70 16.80 00.00 17.65 17.65 18.82 17.75 17.10 17.60 18.10 16.26 17.04 18.02 16.82 17.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.19

10.35 10.35 10.67 9.74 11.23 11.33 10.96 00.00 10.27 10.45 10.03 10.11 10.99 10.12 9.29 11.13 10.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.73 10.93 11.05 11.27 10.54 10.40 11.90 11.65 10.45 10.06 11.25 10.78 10.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.97 11.41 11.41 10.20 11.28 10.05 00.00 10.70 10.65 11.25 10.30 11.30 10.95 10.68 10.40 10.84 10.80 10.62 10.54 10.60 10.13 10.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.48

17.65 17.37 17.40 15.75 17.13 17.66 17.29 00.00 16.60 17.03 15.29 15.54 17.34 16.42 16.38 17.55 16.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.10 17.13 16.67 17.23 17.15 16.55 18.26 18.70 16.65 15.96 17.40 17.53 15.99 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.39 18.26 18.15 16.71 17.49 15.87 00.00 17.20 16.55 18.05 16.90 17.10 17.20 17.93 16.07 16.95 17.40 16.15 17.12 16.81 15.54 15.53 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.06

12.41 12.54 12.90 11.67 12.75 12.75 12.60 00.00 12.32 11.32 11.81 11.88 12.41 11.49 12.14 12.28 12.39 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.55 12.19 12.14 12.80 13.05 12.40 12.95 13.90 11.75 12.10 12.75 13.11 12.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.41 13.45 13.27 11.46 12.75 12.21 00.00 12.75 12.30 13.23 12.10 12.85 12.60 13.38 11.70 12.76 13.55 11.96 12.76 11.74 12.10 11.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.30

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3200 3201 3202 3203 3207 3208 3209 3210 3212 3215 7025 7026 7027 7175 2784 2785 2786 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2812 741 742 743 744 2852 2860 2861 2862 3603 2681 2682 2684 2685 3474 3475 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3596 2018 1232 1233 1236 1237 1888 6731 6732 6733

G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G24 G24 G25 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 I12 I12 I12 I12 G3 G3 G3 G3 G4 G7 G7 G7 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D24 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E23 E23 E23

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.53 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.59 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.98 23.68 21.33 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.94 22.13 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.04 21.25 00.00 00.00

238

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.84 26.15 24.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 26.20 24.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.27 23.60 00.00 00.00

24.46 23.87 23.15 24.04 25.95 23.57 23.26 23.40 00.00 00.00 23.60 24.30 00.00 26.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.96 23.81 23.43 25.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.38 23.39 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.15 22.50 24.05 22.51 22.25 23.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.40 00.00 24.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.57 23.85

18.46 17.07 16.93 18.69 18.08 17.34 17.43 16.44 00.00 00.00 17.35 17.40 00.00 19.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 18.78 16.74 17.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.47 16.99 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.69 17.20 18.30 17.50 17.44 17.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.23 17.20

10.89 11.11 10.37 10.27 11.11 10.27 10.20 10.05 11.20 10.95 11.00 10.90 10.40 12.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.10 11.21 10.85 11.70 10.62 10.08 9.94 00.00 10.67 10.93 00.00 11.15 00.00 10.16 10.94 11.58 10.75 10.60 10.72 10.50 11.51 00.00 00.00 10.50 10.37 11.25 10.05 10.30 11.23 11.14 10.16 9.80 10.05 10.72 9.80 10.03 11.32 10.79 11.26 10.23 10.00 9.36 00.00 00.00 11.50 10.35

18.33 17.04 15.33 17.38 17.95 16.19 17.40 15.81 18.09 17.45 16.90 16.98 15.65 18.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.67 18.46 16.83 17.34 17.80 16.16 16.30 00.00 17.17 17.15 00.00 17.94 00.00 17.15 16.90 17.11 17.08 17.16 17.34 16.94 18.07 00.00 00.00 16.37 17.10 17.95 17.47 17.25 17.46 17.73 16.61 16.12 15.46 17.67 15.91 15.70 17.24 16.05 17.52 16.61 15.92 15.41 00.00 00.00 17.90 16.15

13.06 12.52 11.41 12.36 13.39 11.27 13.05 11.86 12.70 13.15 13.30 12.60 11.40 14.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.10 13.47 12.53 13.37 13.10 12.09 12.61 00.00 13.51 12.54 00.00 13.15 00.00 12.59 12.33 12.86 13.05 12.09 12.27 12.39 12.70 00.00 00.00 11.75 12.60 13.15 12.40 13.00 13.15 13.28 12.28 12.62 11.77 13.59 11.75 10.66 12.74 11.60 13.08 11.55 12.25 10.33 00.00 00.00 13.50 11.75

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6734 6735 6736 6510 6511 6512 6965 2246 6525 6526 6527 6529 6531 6552 6553 6581 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2906 1268 1271 1273 1275 1276 1277 1278 881 882 883 884 885 894 895 896 897 898 7818 7819 7823 7824 7714 7887 7888 7889 2618 2620 2623 1779 1780 1782 1785 2636 2638 2639 3788 3789 4519 6182 6184 4870

E23 E23 E23 E25 E25 E25 E26 F11 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G27 G27 G27 H10 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H12 H12 H12 Hno106 Hno106 Hno107

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 22.75 22.80 21.11 20.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 27.45 23.01 22.34 18.99 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.29 22.91 22.71 22.65 21.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.42 00.00 22.30 22.60

239

00.00 00.00 00.00 24.05 25.95 24.25 23.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.30 25.56 24.60 22.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.64 25.90 23.37 23.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.40 00.00 25.35 23.60

24.75 23.25 23.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.45 22.35 26.47 24.90 24.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.60 00.00 23.07 00.00 25.08 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.32 24.86 22.68 23.74 21.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.45 00.00 25.76 00.00 00.00 23.16 21.71 23.68 00.00 25.14 00.00 00.00 22.30 26.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

18.90 17.90 17.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.00 16.65 18.50 18.30 17.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.06 00.00 17.16 00.00 18.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.05 19.18 16.35 17.63 16.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.25 00.00 18.50 00.00 00.00 16.94 15.80 17.45 00.00 18.32 00.00 00.00 15.85 20.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

11.20 10.60 10.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.62 10.05 10.20 11.96 11.35 10.25 11.25 12.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.03 10.64 9.70 00.00 10.79 10.35 11.48 11.00 10.46 10.41 10.87 11.95 10.54 11.15 10.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.90 10.95 11.55 12.30 10.23 00.00 10.70 9.90 11.48 00.00 9.50 9.68 9.80 10.80 9.74 11.89 10.58 11.38 9.85 11.90 00.00 10.53 00.00 00.00

18.65 17.60 17.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.03 16.85 16.50 18.36 18.26 16.52 17.68 19.42 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.41 16.98 15.75 00.00 17.08 16.93 18.68 17.65 16.80 17.05 16.79 18.65 16.35 16.96 16.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.51 17.51 17.85 18.10 17.09 00.00 17.25 16.65 18.03 00.00 16.00 16.31 00.00 17.49 16.23 17.79 17.94 18.26 15.75 18.90 00.00 17.00 00.00 00.00

14.05 12.65 11.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.83 12.50 12.45 13.90 13.70 11.65 13.25 13.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.83 12.27 11.56 00.00 12.50 11.56 13.47 00.00 12.94 13.30 12.65 13.56 11.66 13.24 12.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.65 11.65 12.40 13.10 11.90 00.00 12.33 12.00 13.50 00.00 11.95 11.35 10.45 12.91 12.66 13.26 12.44 13.34 11.66 14.00 00.00 12.20 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4871 4872 973 1376 569 1812 1813 3052 3053 3054 3055 2960 8121 8122 5879 5880 5881 5882 5883 5884 5886 5858 5860 5861 7964 7965 7966 7967 7974 5970 1860 1861 7108 7624 7625 7626 7627 7628 7629 7630 7631 7694 6816 6817 6818 6819 6820 4786 7757 7760 7235 7236 7237 662 663 665 4754 4755 4756 4329 4330 4333 4346

Hno107 Hno107 C1 E1 F8 H5 H5 H7 H7 H7 H7 D10 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E27 E27 E27 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 G11 G11 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 B0 D24&E25 D24&E25

Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 Hno110 Hno110 Hno110 Hno117 Hno117 Hno117 F8 F8 F8 F8

3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.13 22.36 21.31 21.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.15 20.05 21.42 22.54 20.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.65 22.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.79 21.35 00.00 19.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.45 00.00 21.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.70

240

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.27 24.63 24.05 23.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.15 23.70 23.95 25.83 23.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.39 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.30 25.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.08 24.30 00.00 22.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.18 00.00 23.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.80

22.05 26.35 23.16 24.59 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.09 23.38 00.00 23.21 25.25 23.50 00.00 24.80 25.40 22.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.85 00.00 24.40 00.00 23.62 24.95 23.66 25.50 24.82 24.25 23.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.05 24.45 23.16 25.42 00.00 00.00 25.25 00.00 23.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.72 23.96 24.70 26.87 25.00 00.00

16.60 19.05 17.80 16.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.98 17.87 00.00 17.08 18.40 18.03 00.00 18.45 18.55 16.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.00 00.00 18.20 00.00 17.59 18.10 17.25 19.00 19.00 18.45 17.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.45 18.30 17.00 18.60 00.00 00.00 18.17 00.00 17.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.60 17.58 17.65 19.10 17.95 00.00

9.40 11.88 10.60 10.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.69 10.54 11.15 10.36 11.70 11.00 00.00 11.30 11.54 10.80 12.07 10.70 10.48 11.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.65 10.72 10.95 00.00 10.91 11.25 10.30 12.00 11.45 11.00 11.07 10.05 10.30 9.90 00.00 00.00 10.60 11.30 10.50 11.70 00.00 00.00 11.45 00.00 10.75 10.90 10.06 00.00 10.95 00.00 10.25 10.85 11.15 11.40 10.90 00.00

15.34 18.90 17.17 16.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.09 17.70 16.50 17.09 18.00 17.93 00.00 18.58 18.27 16.25 19.05 17.75 16.60 17.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.57 18.46 17.95 00.00 17.62 17.90 16.55 18.95 18.90 18.25 17.40 16.35 16.55 15.92 00.00 00.00 16.34 18.00 16.60 18.75 00.00 00.00 17.93 00.00 16.82 16.10 16.90 00.00 17.32 00.00 16.50 17.07 17.37 17.95 17.60 00.00

11.05 13.95 12.61 11.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.99 13.00 11.90 13.00 13.75 13.02 00.00 12.28 13.20 12.00 13.90 12.78 12.80 13.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.25 13.05 13.03 00.00 13.10 13.30 11.85 13.80 14.29 13.85 12.45 13.20 12.55 11.60 00.00 00.00 12.60 14.10 11.30 13.80 00.00 00.00 13.60 00.00 12.20 12.25 12.17 00.00 12.37 00.00 12.45 12.30 12.75 12.75 13.60 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4565 1503 1506 1834 1835 7932 4951 4952 3736 738 3067 6014 4182 530 6135 6247

E5&B0 G4 G4 G4 G4 Hno51 E6 E6 Hno69 Hno70&73

C4 B7 B1 Hno50 Hno83 E5

5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 12 12 12 15

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

19.95 23.12 00.00 24.92 00.00 21.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.28 23.28 20.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

25.42 26.12 00.00 21.38 00.00 24.23 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.61 27.35 20.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 23.95 00.00 24.04 00.00 00.00 24.15 23.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.50 25.08 00.00 24.60

00.00 00.00 18.51 00.00 16.69 00.00 00.00 17.32 16.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.65 00.00 00.00 18.40

00.00 00.00 11.10 00.00 10.80 00.00 10.92 10.65 10.58 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.95 11.40 10.05 10.85

TL 17.76 16.78 18.64 17.83 17.90 18.23 18.73 18.40 19.43 19.37 16.79 18.99 19.18 18.43 19.06 19.83 17.46 18.75 17.76 1814 20.23 18.83 18.33 17.40 16.40 18.85 16.53 17.52 18.84 19.20 17.50 18.88 18.85 17.25 15.45 18.52 00.00 17.97 17.78 16.86 18.41 14.20

TM 18.60 16.06 17.09 16.96 17.34 17.88 17.88 17.62 18.48 19.10 15.75 17.79 18.85 17.85 18.56 18.26 16.65 18.23 17.32 18.71 18.15 16.71 18.08 17.55 16.90 18.36 00.00 00.00 19.77 18.50 18.78 18.84 00.00 17.45 16.25 17.72 00.00 17.75 00.00 16.98 17.92 14.95

BD 00.00 17.20 19.84 18.19 17.79 18.21 18.75 18.71 19.59 19.92 17.02 19.26 19.86 17.23 19.20 19.74 17.56 18.80 18.57 19.21 20.02 19.48 19.54 17.50 17.70 19.20 18.30 00.00 20.55 18.65 19.80 19.90 18.90 17.67 15.40 19.40 00.00 20.00 18.57 17.28 19.04 15.00

Table A.16.12. Measurements of Astragalus of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 54 55 56 57 78 83 86 90 122 123 124 133 215 216 217 218 219 220 222 224 225 226 363 5274 6355 3797 3798 1118 2035 3531 3532 3533 3278 3279 3280 3835 3836 3837 3838 996 998 7049

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP A3&B3 G6 G6 G4 G7 H5 H5 H5 D10 D10 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E10 E23

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

GL 30.82 30.13 31.56 30.15 30.18 31.40 31.86 30.31 33.35 32.30 28.60 32.33 32.37 31.77 32.45 31.79 30.74 32.31 31.13 00.00 33.54 33.43 33.51 31.80 30.45 33.95 30.50 30.32 32.77 32.30 31.53 33.15 32.05 31.74 29.13 32.32 27.60 00.00 00.00 29.91 32.56 28.70

GLL 28.71 21.59 31.16 30.08 29.91 30.98 31.38 00.00 33.25 32.25 28.29 32.13 32.24 31.38 32.41 31.24 30.70 31.93 30.96 00.00 33.52 32.18 33.24 31.75 30.15 33.33 30.25 30.22 32.60 32.15 31.35 33.05 31.99 31.37 28.98 31.97 27.25 00.00 00.00 29.77 32.52 28.50

241

GL 18.07 10.08 28.68 28.64 28.40 28.97 29.03 29.41 31.29 30.63 26.75 30.49 30.69 29.25 30.16 29.89 28.72 30.38 29.80 30.47 31.91 30.11 30.96 29.75 27.90 31.20 00.00 27.98 30.98 31.55 29.30 31.05 30.20 29.30 27.15 28.90 26.15 30.40 00.00 28.15 30.30 27.40

00.00 00.00 18.13 00.00 15.96 00.00 17.76 16.60 16.28 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.25 17.65 16.85 17.30

00.00 00.00 13.14 00.00 12.44 00.00 12.50 11.70 11.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.10 12.37 12.30 12.17

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1205 1206 3318 3319 3320 3321 8043 8044 8045 1176 1658 1659 1660 1727 1930 1931 1932 1933 1929 2137 2138 2139 2140 2274 3078 3079 2078 2079 2080 3636 3637 1571 3585 1990 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1121 7273 7274 7275 7276 7277 223 6398 6399 6400 6401 7416 7417 2996 2997 2542 2544 2545 2546 2547 6615 1336

F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F24 F24 F24 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 E1 G3 G3 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 H5 I6 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F24 G11

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

30.94 00.00 31.32 30.40 31.90 31.90 31.28 31.80 00.00 00.00 31.50 32.54 29.69 00.00 32.43 29.13 31.88 32.36 30.93 31.43 31.59 31.13 00.00 31.78 32.46 29.73 30.62 32.80 31.11 30.12 30.72 31.65 33.03 34.59 31.22 33.84 30.42 29.74 33.32 29.81 32.34 31.45 30.42 30.85 00.00 32.65 33.15 34.49 30.22 31.65 32.00 29.20 29.75 30.95 31.18 31.05 28.23 33.92 32.47 32.75 00.00 32.20 32.92

30.72 00.00 31.28 30.34 31.70 31.56 31.20 31.70 00.00 00.00 30.91 32.28 26.65 00.00 32.35 19.09 31.38 31.90 30.48 30.71 30.74 30.21 00.00 31.52 00.00 29.20 30.53 32.67 31.03 30.06 30.54 30.78 32.82 33.57 31.11 33.76 29.92 29.63 32.72 29.40 31.43 31.41 30.11 30.72 00.00 32.47 33.05 34.03 30.13 31.60 31.90 29.10 29.50 30.85 31.12 30.97 28.20 32.91 32.38 32.67 00.00 31.95 32.45

242

29.91 00.00 28.85 28.90 29.30 29.70 28.20 30.30 28.55 28.75 28.73 29.68 28.70 00.00 30.12 17.45 30.18 30.25 29.11 29.01 28.28 28.91 00.00 28.93 29.86 27.72 28.51 30.38 28.90 28.0 28.95 28.28 31.01 32.16 30.15 30.97 28.85 00.00 30.20 28.23 29.72 29.08 27.60 28.93 29.17 30.43 31.52 31.51 28.50 29.15 00.00 26.88 28.00 29.38 29.62 28.69 26.82 30.54 30.08 30.67 27.75 29.15 30.85

18.82 15.3 17.95 17.60 17.60 00.00 17.45 17.20 00.00 00.00 17.28 17.34 16.49 00.00 18.04 16.62 18.43 17.80 00.00 17.02 16.58 16.70 00.00 16.58 17.99 17.13 17.75 18.05 17.45 17.07 17.73 18.10 18.05 18.92 17.96 18.97 17.16 16.54 18.01 16.47 17.10 18.08 16.65 16.30 17.55 18.30 17.90 20.20 17.23 18.25 17.60 16.60 16.60 17.30 18.21 18.20 16.15 19.08 17.25 17.59 16.38 18.15 17.93

18.28 17.48 17.38 17.65 17.95 00.00 17.65 17.60 17.45 18.23 16.72 18.09 18.27 16.50 18.58 16.71 17.74 17.84 16.51 17.56 17.06 17.82 00.00 17.39 18.29 16.48 16.91 19.39 16.86 16.89 16.94 17.09 19.06 18.48 18.30 19.51 17.93 00.00 18.04 16.14 17.56 17.69 16.95 16.70 18.45 17.70 18.50 18.62 00.00 19.05 17.75 16.00 17.50 00.00 18.09 18.50 15.79 18.36 17.89 18.62 15.71 18.35 18.85

19.05 00.00 19.35 18.00 18.65 18.70 18.20 19.80 18.87 00.00 00.00 18.63 17.3 00.00 19.22 17.61 18.70 19.03 17.18 17.59 17.28 17.55 21.13 18.96 19.95 17.30 18.58 19.79 18.65 18.26 18.90 19.04 00.00 21.05 18.26 20.20 18.38 00.00 19.02 18.14 19.21 18.48 17.75 17.40 19.15 19.52 19.74 20.51 18.55 18.55 19.50 18.07 17.00 18.66 19.40 18.70 17.13 19.54 18.52 19.00 17.37 19.75 20.66

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1337 1338 3153 3154 3155 3156 7004 7164 7165 7166 7167 7168 7169 2762 2763 751 752 7903 2668 2669 3452 3453 3454 3455 1245 1246 1247 4037 1886 6724 6760 6903 6904 6905 6906 6907 6908 6909 6910 2245 6499 6500 6501 6502 6503 6504 2196 2197 2198 2199 2898 2899 2900 1296 1297 7807 7808 7809 7886 1769 1770 3786 4511

G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 H11 H11 I12 I12 Hno108 G7 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 D25 D25 D25 C0 E10 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F11 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G11 G11 G25 G25 G25 G27 H11 H11 H12 H12

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

28.96 31.40 29.78 34.15 33.95 30.68 33.35 31.20 29.70 32.20 31.60 28.70 00.00 31.80 31.20 32.23 30.88 30.80 31.64 33.49 28.92 31.29 32.02 34.20 31.25 30.91 31.81 32.48 30.02 31.85 25.05 30.26 00.00 00.00 31.25 29.45 31.05 30.20 32.80 33.80 28.70 30.95 31.40 30.20 32.30 30.65 31.11 00.00 31.07 32.69 30.59 30.58 00.00 31.66 31.44 32.65 31.10 32.65 32.20 30.87 32.38 30.78 30.06

28.81 31.04 29.62 33.96 33.49 30.52 33.25 30.45 29.65 31.85 31.55 00.00 00.00 31.52 31.05 31.53 30.79 30.75 31.41 33.39 28.71 30.21 31.93 33.22 31.20 30.82 31.47 32.30 29.75 31.55 24.85 30.05 00.00 00.00 31.20 29.25 30.90 30.00 32.60 33.10 28.65 30.80 31.35 30.07 32.22 30.45 30.99 00.00 30.87 32.56 30.50 30.50 00.00 31.54 31.10 32.05 30.78 32.53 31.75 30.85 32.28 30.62 29.90

243

27.29 29.20 27.96 32.62 30.95 28.63 30.70 28.20 28.80 30.00 29.00 27.35 29.50 29.99 28.38 29.93 29.29 29.40 29.19 31.33 28.30 28.60 30.76 30.58 28.43 29.36 29.49 30.25 28.65 29.85 23.41 28.58 28.95 28.95 29.35 27.00 28.90 28.30 31.05 30.95 28.25 29.15 29.10 28.80 00.00 28.50 30.20 28.33 29.01 00.00 29.17 29.41 29.25 29.82 30.36 29.60 29.85 30.30 29.41 29.26 29.56 29.00 28.65

17.82 17.46 16.52 18.87 19.09 16.71 18.75 17.20 16.50 17.55 17.65 16.35 00.00 17.86 17.70 16.33 15.51 17.26 18.42 18.53 16.16 16.75 18.23 18.79 18.80 17.48 18.10 18.55 17.08 17.40 12.75 17.35 17.10 17.45 16.85 15.65 17.55 17.65 17.65 18.50 16.30 16.95 17.60 18.20 17.86 17.30 17.95 00.00 18.77 19.20 17.11 16.74 17.62 18.30 17.70 00.00 18.07 18.30 18.15 17.37 18.84 17.42 16.70

16.62 17.48 17.13 00.00 19.85 17.24 18.90 17.75 16.70 17.40 18.35 16.55 16.92 18.18 17.24 17.81 17.42 00.00 17.33 16.06 16.92 16.83 18.47 19.35 00.00 18.46 18.37 17.69 17.41 17.56 13.00 17.60 17.55 17.75 17.20 16.05 18.15 18.00 17.75 19.56 16.90 17.85 17.95 16.95 18.25 17.70 18.69 16.29 17.24 00.00 17.20 00.00 17.70 17.91 18.35 00.00 18.15 18.55 18.30 16.62 17.79 17.26 17.10

18.31 18.62 19.80 19.80 19.80 18.00 19.95 18.95 16.95 19.75 18.80 17.55 17.50 19.75 18.76 18.10 17.40 19.40 18.44 21.00 17.68 17.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.37 19.00 20.05 18.57 18.90 14.65 17.80 17.40 19.55 00.00 16.95 18.20 18.90 20.05 19.26 18.15 18.10 18.40 18.25 00.00 18.40 19.69 17.89 18.03 00.00 17.83 17.50 18.29 18.81 18.42 19.65 19.38 19.25 18.33 18.75 18.75 17.85 17.89

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4512 6176 6179 6180 4869 1810 3045 3046 3047 3048 2958 8106 8107 8108 8109 5874 5875 5876 5865 5866 7957 7958 5966 1858 7081 7082 7083 7084 7620 7621 7622 7653 7691 7692 6805 6807 6808 6809 6810 84 4785 7230 7231 7232 4642 4643 4060 4061 5032 789 4625 4324 4325 4219 507 3773 2008 4116 4134 4135 4374 4393 4948

H12 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno107 H5 H7 H7 H7 H7 D10 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E27 E27 F24 F24 F25 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 LJP B0 Hno104 Hno104 Hno104 Hno111 Hno111 Hno115 Hno115 Hno119 Hno124 B2 F8 F8 A3 F3 F8 G3 C3 C3 C3 E5 B6 E6

3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8

31.00 29.80 31.00 32.70 00.00 29.79 31.51 33.15 30.03 00.00 30.95 31.90 32.65 33.40 00.00 32.88 32.55 31.80 30.00 28.21 29.95 29.05 31.85 33.02 00.00 31.80 32.25 30.16 31.05 29.90 30.78 30.63 30.95 00.00 33.25 32.35 32.75 32.00 30.85 29.24 00.00 32.62 30.85 31.04 31.65 32.05 31.93 30.45 00.00 00.00 29.87 31.42 31.55 26.40 30.90 00.00 30.75 26.66 31.80 00.00 31.68 33.15 29.54

30.90 29.55 30.75 32.60 00.00 29.33 31.47 33.08 29.78 00.00 30.55 31.70 32.55 33.10 00.00 32.65 32.47 31.66 29.77 28.15 29.90 28.85 31.63 32.85 00.00 31.65 32.05 00.00 30.95 29.80 30.65 30.58 30.90 00.00 33.05 32.00 32.62 31.85 30.75 29.20 30.86 32.55 30.70 30.90 31.55 32.00 31.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.53 31.06 31.40 26.21 30.64 00.00 30.56 26.54 31.41 00.00 31.62 33.10 29.20

244

29.00 28.29 28.80 30.35 28.65 28.08 28.92 30.85 28.67 30.45 29.79 28.55 30.80 31.70 00.00 00.00 29.28 29.90 29.00 26.60 27.90 27.75 29.90 30.57 28.65 30.30 29.40 29.00 29.20 28.60 28.25 28.25 00.00 00.00 30.10 29.30 31.25 28.95 29.15 27.43 29.72 29.50 27.56 28.92 30.05 30.18 29.00 29.17 00.00 00.00 28.90 28.90 29.20 24.47 29.44 29.02 27.87 25.70 28.25 00.00 29.80 31.20 27.18

16.95 16.80 17.40 18.25 17.00 16.89 17.53 19.23 16.50 00.00 18.16 17.30 17.80 18.10 18.60 18.90 17.95 17.30 17.45 15.70 16.35 15.75 18.25 17.99 16.50 17.80 18.00 17.30 16.95 17.50 17.23 16.35 17.35 16.72 18.85 17.20 17.80 18.10 16.70 17.13 17.85 17.86 17.93 17.20 18.08 18.00 17.65 16.95 17.50 00.00 16.75 16.70 28.05 14.75 17.21 00.00 17.80 14.78 18.05 00.00 18.05 18.05 17.07

17.55 17.25 17.45 18.50 17.58 16.77 16.75 19..8 17.18 18.00 16.95 17.67 17.95 18.65 18.75 19.25 18.46 18.10 17.03 16.70 16.55 16.45 18.40 18.41 16.70 18.00 19.00 17.40 17.20 18.20 17.50 16.65 00.00 17.25 18.15 17.95 18.15 18.20 17.80 00.00 18.40 00.00 17.60 17.45 19.05 18.09 17.80 17.15 17.55 00.00 16.86 15.80 17.22 14.95 16.92 17.85 16.24 14.42 17.62 00.00 18.40 18.68 16.80

18.62 17.55 19.35 19.12 17.85 00.00 18.84 21.98 19.19 18.98 18.18 18.32 00.00 18.95 20.75 20.30 18.88 18.45 17.50 18.30 16.65 17.95 19.44 19.50 18.30 18.35 19.50 00.00 18.31 19.40 18.20 17.75 18.65 18.95 20.00 19.00 19.53 18.70 17.90 16.94 18.20 18.70 18.90 17.95 19.40 19.80 18.70 00.00 19.05 19.58 17.38 20.10 19.34 16.60 17.76 17.05 17.58 16.70 19.33 19.28 19.70 18.92 17.67

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4459 4961 5157 5237 5679 5344 5754 5760 5850 5743 4820 6053 5332 5819 6083 5802 6338 5398 6064 2501 4151

E7 KilnB1 B2 C3 C8 D5 C4 C5 C6 E3 B0 Hno76 Hno79 D3 E3 B5 E4 C3 D8 D3 D3

8 8 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16

26.28 00.00 33.07 00.00 30.30 29.68 33.10 29.65 30.86 30.20 30.85 29.80 00.00 31.85 31.84 31.70 29.05 31.70 30.20 28.89 30.66

26.17 31.70 32.83 00.00 30.20 29.56 32.90 29.60 30.75 30.03 30.67 29.45 00.00 31.55 31.49 31.30 29.00 31.64 29.95 28.84 30.59

25.28 00.00 00.00 30.15 28.45 28.4 30.60 28.37 29.05 27.30 28.83 27.87 28.15 28.83 29.45 29.65 27.98 00.00 27.20 27.15 29.59

Table A.16.13. Measurements of Calcaneum of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 65 131 210 211 212 213 214 372 396 5275 5276 5277 6356 3799 1116 2708 2031 2032 2033 3281 3282 3839 992 993 994 995 1188 3324 3325 3326 4909 8041 8042 7373 1662 1663 1664

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP A3&B3 G6 G4 G6 G7 G7 G7 D10 D10 D25 E10 E10 E10 E10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F13 F24 F24 F26 G11 G11 G11

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

GL 61.24 62.29 62.83 64.73 00.00 00.00 64.91 67.47 64.23 60.60 73.92 67.55 67.45 65.10 62.23 00.00 60.73 62.98 69.15 69.75 66.25 63.85 59.21 66.27 00.00 64.39 61.78 00.00 67.25 65.60 57.40 61.70 00.00 59.35 63.09 00.00 62.85

GB 18.61 17.38 00.00 19.54 19.79 22.67 18.62 19.32 23.30 17.45 00.00 20.15 19.45 19.90 19.88 20.69 20.93 19.96 21.48 23.55 22.55 20.00 20.99 22.18 16.87 20.77 20.85 19.70 20.65 21.60 18.70 20.05 21.00 18.98 20.00 22.38 21.56

245

15.03 18.15 18.16 17.15 17.05 16.34 18.17 16.55 17.95 15.86 17.65 17.30 17.38 16.90 17.10 17.70 16.98 17.51 17.20 16.83 16.57

15.09 00.00 00.00 17.55 17.40 16.90 18.30 17.20 18.07 15.03 17.86 16.65 17.90 17.80 17.45 17.80 17.00 17.96 17.00 16.59 17.50

16.67 00.00 19.40 18.40 18.20 17.34 19.35 17.60 19.13 16.45 19.10 17.50 18.41 18.75 19.35 19.70 18.20 00.00 17.95 17.68 17.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2930 1927 1928 1929A 100 2132 2133 2134 2136 2334 2335 3119 1749 3082 3083 3953 2081 3631 3632 3633 3634 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 3385 2819 1434 1435 1436 4073 7278 7279 7280 7281 7282 7283 7339 6403 6404 6448 7420 7421 2998 2999 832 833 834 6612 6613 6614 7485 7560 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164

H10 H11 H11 H11 LJP Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132

D1 G3 G3 G4 G6 G7 G7 G7 G7 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H6 D10 D25 D25 D25 C0 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F12 F12 F12 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

61.91 68.07 66.06 57.98 69.28 71.69 00.00 67.28 66.31 64.06 64.41 67.58 59.85 00.00 63.13 64.55 54.61 00.00 66.70 63.60 58.85 00.00 64.80 65.58 69.53 62.95 00.00 00.00 66.44 00.00 63.40 00.00 00.00 65.00 66.10 62.15 00.00 63.45 00.00 61.55 62.85 63.15 63.15 61.45 66.46 65.96 70.32 69.21 57.97 72.31 00.00 62/30 65.95 67.15 60.70 66.97 63.07 62.39 63.75 65.96 60.77 67.04 68.68

20.66 20.19 21.71 22.19 19.30 21.62 19.39 21.63 19.50 23.56 19.68 19.50 17.46 21.24 18.97 22.60 21.75 21.45 00.00 20.80 19.65 27.48 21.15 20.79 22.04 21.14 21.14 22.00 21.23 20.09 22.10 22.08 21.15 21.90 20.35 20.55 16.55 20.75 21.85 20.05 20.95 21.70 20.50 20.80 21.90 22.11 19.65 22.36 17.37 23.18 18.45 22.80 21.80 22.50 19.15 22.58 20.55 20.08 20.85 21.82 20.10 22.48 00.00

246

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7005 7006 68 69 105 197 7170 7171 2765 2766 2767 2768 3568 3576 755 756 757 4470 2846 3652 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 1240 1241 1242 1252 6721 6722 6723 6917 6918 6919 6920 6921 6922 6964 6498 2200 2201 2901 1298 1299 901 902 903 904 905 906 70 7803 7804 7805 7734 7884 7885 1771 3785 4513 4514

G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 H11 H11 H11 H11 I10 I10 I12 I12 I12 Hno129 G3 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 D25 D25 D25 D25 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F25 G10 G10 G10 G11 G11 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G12 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G27 G27 H11 H12 H12 H12

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

69.45 63.70 65.25 65.52 63.90 68.26 66.75 63.50 00.00 63.29 00.00 00.00 61.81 00.00 62.72 62.86 59.86 63.13 66.16 00.00 66.38 68.22 65.08 00.00 64.94 00.00 68.28 00.00 64.43 00.00 58.00 68.65 64/15 00.00 63.20 63.20 65.85 63.95 62.45 00.00 64.25 66.57 61.61 00.00 63.80 00.00 66.62 68.26 64.05 63.73 60.10 68.23 47.74 00.00 62.55 00.00 66.85 62.65 59.76 00.00 65.90 65.08 67.85

23.50 20.20 20.81 17.82 19.53 20.31 20.10 20.10 19.37 21.18 20.90 20.00 19.40 21.85 20.79 20.73 19.00 21.60 21.88 20.90 22.40 22.49 21.91 22.32 22.47 23.30 21.10 21.51 20.06 18.15 22.25 22.65 20.70 20.40 20.30 20.50 20.35 19.30 21.05 18.15 21.75 21.98 20.57 26.26 21.40 20.81 21.46 22.28 21.04 18.10 18.63 20.39 00.00 19.00 21.00 20.40 22.00 21.30 18.80 18.92 21.65 22.55 23.62

247

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4515 4516 7918 6183 4875 1811 3050 8111 5868 7963 5962 1859 7077 7618 7619 7693 6812 6813 6814 6815 4784 7233 7234 6109 4645 4059 5022 2974 3807 4323 3774 1501 1502 2263 6121 4960 4601 4147 4353 5939 5783 5331 5443 5624 6369 5399 5687 6041 6042

H12 H12 Hno102 Hno106 Hno107 H5 H7 E24 E27 F24 F25 G11 G24 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 B0 Hno104 Hno104 Hno105 Hno111 Hno115 Hno122 B3 E8 F8 F8 G4 G4 G5 Hno51 Kiln B1 Hno65 Hno73 C1 B3 Hno75 Hno79 B4 A4 B2 C3 D7 Hno87 Hno87

3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 9 12 12 12 13 15 15 15 15 16 16

62.48 71.85 54.70 00.00 00.00 65.57 63.86 63.85 64.85 00.00 61.82 67.35 66.40 64.20 00.00 60.60 61.90 66.32 60.70 00.00 54.35 00.00 63.95 62.48 63.10 70.25 00.00 00.00 70.05 64.76 00.00 69.36 00.00 66.81 66.78 59.95 00.00 55.43 00.00 59.85 61.45 00.00 61.62 69.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 61.80 64.80

19.55 24.85 19.85 19.95 21.35 00.00 18.95 21.75 20.90 17.90 19.10 00.00 23.90 21.05 20.25 21.60 20.50 21.80 20.60 20.25 19.87 20.35 21.55 17.75 18.65 22.00 20.30 22.85 24.65 21.10 20.80 20.63 19.39 22.59 21.55 17.70 21.05 18.30 18.80 20.25 20.30 20.08 19.35 23.15 20.05 20.90 20.55 20.65 20.40

Table A.16.14. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 592 1117 3832 3833 8046 1661 2932 1935 91

Trench LJP G4 D25 D25 F24 G11 H10 H11 LJP

Layer 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

GB 25.41 26.66 25.15 24.40 26.70 23.21 22.98 25.24 25.55

248

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

92 4252 3080 3081 3635 1628 3389 3390 7271 7272 6402 7418 2769 4985 2700 3456 1249 1250 1251 6725 6726 6727 6783 6786 6911 6912 6913 6914 6915 6916 6505 6506 2195 1293 2640 6181 6182 8110 5877 5878 5867 7959 7960 7961 7962 7079 7080 7125 7690 6811 672 673 3808 2007 1500 6122 7933 4949 3693 6328 6225 520

LJP Hno132 G3 G3 G7 H5 H6 H6 E24 E24 E25 E25 H11 C2 G7 H7 D25 D25 D25 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F25 F25 G10 G11 H11 Hno106 Hno106 E24 E25 E25 E27 F24 F24 F24 F24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G26 Hno110 Hno110 E8 G3 G4 Hno51 Hno51 E6 B1 B5 B6 Hno50

1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 12 12 12 12

23.07 23.53 24.75 26.34 22.94 22.85 22.60 24.95 23.55 24.00 23.20 25.25 26.77 26.05 20.88 24.98 24.87 22.34 21.75 26.30 22.50 23.50 22.75 24.70 23.90 24.00 25.55 24.30 24.70 23.80 22.30 21.30 24.66 22.06 24.04 24.30 23.46 25.50 25.00 23.45 23.86 25.65 22.25 22.50 23.35 24.80 24.70 24.10 23.17 22.37 25.31 24.88 26.69 23.02 23.10 24.67 23.47 22.05 28.38 23.63 25.30 24.89

249

Table A.16.15. Measurements of First Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 14 73 74 75 76 97 98 99 114 115 162 163 196 246 247 250 251 252 253 254 255 260 261 262 263 340 341 358 5268 5269 3794 3795 1111 1112 1113 2703 2704 2705 2024 2026 3515 3516 3517 3518 3519 3520 3521 3522 3820 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3854 3855 1000 1001

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G6 G6 G4 G4 G4 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E10

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

GL 00.00 42.73 43.42 48.72 47.51 48.16 52.56 55.20 49.68 44.60 49.37 58.29 48.18 46.97 46.08 54.24 51.66 50.08 44.75 50.56 39.40 44.52 43.43 49.33 46.40 48.61 44.02 46.21 52.50 55.75 53.07 51.90 00.00 43.85 42.69 49.66 49.21 00.00 44.60 00.00 44.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 52.40 00.00 00.00 41.90 49.51 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.77 51.67

BP 8.16 12.58 12.13 11.69 10.79 10.70 11.53 11.78 10.64 11.86 10.74 11.96 10.86 12.90 11.44 11.69 11.54 11.27 12.38 11.41 10.77 10.77 11.58 11.16 11.82 12.01 12.17 12.77 11.95 11.95 11.85 11.50 12.06 12.02 12.35 11.83 10.50 10.46 12.31 00.00 12.92 11.45 12.92 12.32 12.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.00 00.00 11.88 12.45 10.65 00.00 11.70 00.00 12.93 12.44

250

TP 00.00 16.82 16.30 16.52 16.30 15.91 18.57 18.08 16.53 17.20 16.43 17.62 16.25 16.50 00.00 17.41 17.09 16.76 17.14 17.28 15.71 15.87 15.83 15.08 16.74 16.25 16.53 17.28 17.36 16.65 17.65 16.95 17.93 16.92 16.00 16.59 15.73 16.10 16.15 00.00 17.05 17.24 17.90 16.45 16.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.54 00.00 17.16 15.85 15.75 00.00 16.25 00.00 18.22 17.35

BD 00.00 9.63 10.03 9.79 9.71 9.69 10.24 10.40 9.43 9.52 9.60 10.46 9.51 10.58 10.22 10.60 10.48 9.58 10.57 10.43 9.10 9.63 8.84 9.86 10.73 9.85 10.40 10.54 11.00 10.69 11.35 10.30 00.00 10.59 9.24 9.88 9.38 00.00 10.07 10.72 10.37 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.90 10.60 10.40 10.00 10.45 00.00 9.90 9.32 10.90 00.00 10.60 10.85 10.87

TD 00.00 10.43 11.02 11.12 10.82 10.25 11.52 11.57 11.45 10.64 11.70 11.45 11.63 10.27 00.00 11.59 10.60 10.77 11.00 11.34 9.82 10.33 9.43 10.99 11.11 10.58 11.17 11.04 12.05 11.65 11.68 11.60 00.00 10.76 9.99 11.26 11.44 00.00 10.77 12.07 10.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.30 12.12 11.98 11.40 12.20 00.00 10.40 10.80 12.20 00.00 12.05 11.92 12.09

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7046 7047 7048 1179 1210 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 4904 4905 4906 8036 8037 8038 8039 8040 7372 7393 1172 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 7525 7526 7527 7528 7529 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 3761 2116 2117 2118

E23 E23 E23 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F13 F13 F13 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 H10 H10 H10 H10 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 I11 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

43.15 00.00 00.00 41.40 00.00 40.10 44.00 47.95 48.45 53.90 48.45 49.75 50.37 00.00 48.00 48.55 43.50 41.95 00.00 52.92 00.00 44.34 52.30 52.52 51.9 51.29 48.95 45.41 43.45 40.82 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.90 53.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.88 48.45 42.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 53.24 49.11 50.27 50.61 44.98 46.14 44.42 39.78 40.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.85 53.21 51.58 51.47

11.55 11.15 00.00 10.77 00.00 12.85 12.75 13.50 11.25 12.30 10.18 10.30 11.75 13.15 10.45 10.30 12.15 11.82 00.00 10.95 10.55 12.34 11.97 12.11 11.01 11.15 11.16 12.51 11.69 11.95 11.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.70 11.45 10.17 11.95 00.00 11.08 12.60 11.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.88 11.55 10.62 12.34 11.44 12.92 11.58 12.77 11.52 12.27 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.90 11.09 11.65 10.97

251

15.70 19.30 00.00 15.32 00.00 16.05 16.95 18.40 16.10 17.40 15.24 16.30 17.65 19.15 15.85 15.95 16.90 16.30 00.00 16.42 15.80 16.63 17.11 17.76 15.91 17.74 15.78 16.52 16.32 16.26 16.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.15 16.15 15.35 16.10 00.00 15.32 17.21 16.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 30.73 17.40 16.10 18.04 17.23 17.11 16.86 17.38 16.25 16.61 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.81 16.72 17.34 16.46

9.85 00.00 9.75 9.37 10.33 9.85 10.70 11.10 10.20 10.95 9.95 9.95 10.55 00.00 10.10 10.05 10.30 9.90 9.60 9.76 00.00 10.93 10.56 10.91 9.66 10.08 10.40 10.69 9.73 10.44 00.00 10.48 9.55 10.04 10.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.55 9.27 10.84 9.86 9.97 9.54 9.88 00.00 10.74 10.14 11.68 10.51 00.00 10.28 10.59 9.40 10.48 10.11 10.03 10.26 9.61 10.20 10.16 10.37 10.61

9.55 00.00 9.90 9.78 12.69 10.20 10.45 12.30 11.10 11.95 10.85 10.70 12.05 00.00 11.25 11.15 10.75 10.15 10.60 10.85 00.00 10.79 11.56 11.49 11.49 11.29 11.23 11.11 9.97 10.84 00.00 10.97 9.41 11.50 11.55 12.20 00.00 00.00 11.70 9.60 10.96 10.28 10.92 11.15 11.33 00.00 12.76 11.73 11.80 12.20 11.35 10.56 11.22 10.14 00.00 10.91 11.39 10.18 9.41 11.35 11.17 12.01 11.04

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2174 2330 2331 2770 2306 3108 3109 3110 3930 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 3941 3942 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548

Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132

E1 E1 E2 E2 E2 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G4 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

47.58 45.41 45.02 44.62 37.12 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.05 52.72 51.89 50.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.75 50.80 47.00 41.60 51.12 46.85 40.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 49.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.45 47.80 48.47 45.20 50.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.60 43.72 45.72 45.15 42.71 40.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

10.41 12.33 12.18 12.35 11.04 11.04 11.03 00.00 11.33 11.00 11.61 11.18 00.00 10.65 11.60 00.00 12.55 11.65 13.35 11.40 11.75 12.55 11.75 00.00 00.00 13.20 12.55 00.00 00.00 10.45 12.42 11.87 10.50 10.75 11.96 00.00 00.00 13.00 10.45 10.90 12.20 11.80 11.60 10.70 00.00 00.00 10.65 12.47 10.94 12.82 10.93 12.28 11.65 11.08 11.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

252

15.74 16.59 17.14 16.82 14.59 17.97 15.54 00.00 16.78 16.44 17.19 17.24 00.00 14.80 17.15 00.00 17.85 16.95 17.85 16.00 18.00 17.70 16.65 00.00 00.00 17.45 17.45 00.00 00.00 16.31 17.55 17.43 14.62 17.34 17.64 00.00 00.00 17.80 15.65 15.60 16.30 16.85 17.25 16.65 00.00 00.00 16.52 16.55 15.25 17.90 15.77 16.17 17.57 15.73 16.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

8.97 9.96 10.15 10.49 9.22 00.00 00.00 9.61 9.95 9.53 10.76 10.19 8.97 00.00 00.00 11.66 10.65 10.45 11.20 9.90 10.80 10.75 9.95 9.85 9.47 00.00 00.00 8.55 9.70 10.18 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.23 10.03 10.95 9.30 9.45 10.50 9.70 00.00 00.00 10.36 11.60 9.95 10.75 9.48 10.58 9.58 9.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.40 9.98 10.87 10.34 10.15 9.50 11.12 11.05

10.42 10.14 10.43 11.10 9.69 00.00 00.00 11.00 10.08 11.57 11.50 10.88 10.02 00.00 00.00 10.54 10.60 10.75 12.05 10.00 11.95 12.40 10.65 10.75 10.70 00.00 00.00 10.25 11.00 11.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.34 11.74 11.25 11.00 11.10 10.85 10.85 00.00 00.00 10.85 12.17 11.34 10.62 10.25 10.69 9.99 9.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.33 10.47 11.16 11.34 11.41 9.74 11.75 10.71

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3375 3376 3377 3378 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 3581 1991 1998 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1478 7253 7254 7255 7256

H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D10 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E24 E24 E24

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

44.21 43.41 48.15 50.25 48.91 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 54.76 47.79 52.06 42.92 00.00 42.67 48.93 47.48 49.12 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.62 42.63 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 36.73 38.56 42.07 41.88 49.37 50.14 53.50 54.79 50.27 51.04 50.30 00.00 50.48 54.24 00.00 46.87 44.30 47.40 41.66

10.62 11.95 12.60 10.90 11.20 10.65 12.30 12.00 00.00 11.96 12.33 10.99 12.11 11.08 11.87 10.68 12.74 10.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.83 11.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.37 11.67 10.99 11.97 12.03 00.00 11.01 12.33 11.20 10.28 11.47 11.21 12.44 11.14 10.34 11.94 00.00 11.35 11.26 00.00 11.10 12.25 10.45 10.50

253

15.30 16.35 17.80 15.77 15.45 15.13 17.30 17.55 00.00 17.47 17.69 17.56 16.77 16.74 14.81 15.67 17.85 16.06 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.74 16.17 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.27 16.96 15.89 19.14 17.98 00.00 15.61 16.32 16.15 15.52 16.95 17.12 18.38 16.95 15.95 16.42 00.00 15.95 17.41 00.00 15.90 17.30 15.10 15.30

8.65 10.30 10.85 9.60 9.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.10 10.93 00.00 9.89 10.29 00.00 10.00 9.57 12.74 9.66 11.52 12.19 12.13 8.52 00.00 10.12 10.06 00.00 10.11 10.09 10.43 9.74 10.35 9.79 10.09 10.82 11.50 10.10 9.52 10.19 10.43 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.98 8.37 10.26 10.12 9.66 10.36 10.39 11.44 9.99 10.07 9.91 9.89 10.63 10.95 10.71 10.10 10.88 9.35 9.60

9.50 10.88 10.96 10.94 10.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.68 12.91 11.63 11.32 10.65 00.00 9.79 11.54 10.72 11.03 9.81 10.65 10.40 8.44 9.73 11.29 00.00 11.51 11.89 10.00 10.34 11.52 12.22 19.57 11.75 11.28 12.09 11.05 10.04 11.07 10.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.87 8.34 9.93 10.20 11.37 11.45 11.05 13.43 11.10 11.10 11.79 10.96 11.49 11.46 10.85 10.78 10.40 10.60 9.70

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7257 7258 7259 7260 7261 7262 7337 6376 6377 6378 6379 6380 6381 6382 6383 6384 6385 7394 7395 7396 7397 7398 7399 7400 7401 7402 7403 7404 7405 7406 2515 2516 2517 2518 2519 2520 2521 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 6599 6600 6601 6602 6603 6604 6605 6606 7474 7475 7476 7477 7478 7479 7480 7546 7547 7548 7549 7550

E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

38.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.75 46.70 46.55 00.00 44.30 49.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.70 46.35 45.15 47.25 43.80 40.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.15 51.12 51.51 50.29 52.17 50.77 43.38 00.00 11.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.95 46.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.65 50.85 46.60 43.35 43.05 00.00 00.00 48.25 41.27 44.36 43.75 43.36

10.65 12.10 10.85 10.15 10.20 00.00 10.55 10.85 10.25 00.00 11.10 11.65 11.75 11.70 11.60 00.00 00.00 10.70 10.70 11.95 10.35 11.50 12.00 11.40 11.10 11.85 11.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.24 12.32 13.39 10.69 11.23 11.91 10.86 11.97 17.22 12.22 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.10 11.95 11.80 12.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.00 11.90 9.65 10.75 11.85 00.00 00.00 9.85 11.75 11.95 11.10 12.25

254

14.45 17.25 16.30 14.90 14.90 00.00 14.75 16.40 15.76 14.70 14.85 15.45 16.30 16.95 16.60 00.00 00.00 15.10 15.65 17.90 15.94 16.00 15.20 15.70 16.35 17.15 16.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.02 15.95 20.20 17.14 16.48 16.96 15.83 18.24 00.00 17.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.25 15.95 16.05 15.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.00 16.80 14.55 16.35 15.90 00.00 00.00 16.25 16.84 16.15 16.12 17.06

8.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.50 9.40 9.80 9.70 9.19 10.20 9.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.45 9.75 9.15 9.95 10.55 9.55 10.05 9.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.57 8.25 9.65 10.18 10.30 10.19 9.92 10.20 9.98 9.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.48 10.56 10.37 10.62 11.10 00.00 00.00 10.40 11.25 10.65 8.90 10.50 9.90 9.35 9.83 00.00 9.40 10.65 9.55 10.40 10.30 10.55 10.80

9.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.00 9.10 10.50 00.00 9.90 9.90 10.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.00 10.30 9.45 11.45 10.65 11.00 10.75 9.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.60 9.85 10.80 12.06 1187 11.42 11.37 11.72 11.81 9.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.90 11.16 10.28 11.20 11.25 00.00 00.00 11.95 10.80 12.45 10.05 11.70 11.30 10.48 9.80 9.80 11.40 11.90 11.20 11.05 10.45 9.75 10.70

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7551 7552 7553 7554 7555 7556 7557 7558 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 6995 6996 6997 6998 6999 7000 7001 7152 7153 7154 7155 7156 7157 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 3565 3566 753

F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 I10 I10 I12

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

44.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 55.10 52.80 00.00 00.00 41.82 42.07 46.46 51.87 49.41 50.66 46.97 00.00 52.17 52.72 49.82 49.71 44.90 48.54 53.62 52.82 43.54 47.15 52.24 48.41 52.64 51.70 44.63 49.12 57.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.00 42.60 41.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.30 49.70 54.95 50.35 50.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.85 47.45 48.46

11.45 00.00 11.15 11.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.07 12.08 00.00 12.37 12.47 12.76 13.12 11.24 11.25 12.42 12.74 00.00 11.55 11.37 11.35 10.77 12.67 11.40 11.35 11.70 11.70 12.42 12.26 9.93 11.02 11.32 11.63 10.73 11.47 12.22 11.99 10.98 00.00 00.00 10.15 11.55 11.75 10.70 11.70 00.00 00.00 13.05 10.80 12.75 11.46 11.25 11.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.41 11.67 11.55 12.20 11.01

255

16.50 00.00 16.52 16.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.83 17.56 00.00 17.45 16.67 16.61 17.84 16.86 15.43 16.66 17.50 00.00 17.87 16.51 15.65 15.81 16.86 16.68 16.97 16.29 16.11 17.62 18.03 15.43 16.35 17.28 15.90 15.57 18.60 17.37 16.81 17.03 00.00 00.00 15.55 16.30 16.20 16.95 16.45 00.00 00.00 17.10 15.90 18.45 16.65 16.35 15.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.95 15.86 16.40 17.30 16.05

10.95 8.96 00.00 00.00 10.85 10.70 8.00 9.65 10.99 10.56 11.22 00.00 19.54 9.63 10.83 9.56 10.17 10.79 10.35 9.90 11.55 10.48 10.33 8.90 10.92 10.90 9.95 10.79 9.76 10.56 12.45 9.21 10.00 10.44 10.16 9.97 10.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.76 9.35 9.95 9.70 10.05 00.00 00.00 9.85 11.05 10.80 10.30 11.55 10.45 9.70 00.00 9.51 00.00 9.77 00.00 00.00 10.15 10.55 10.32

10.17 10.10 00.00 00.00 11.95 10.90 9.85 9.70 11.76 11.51 13.25 00.00 11.24 10.10 10.96 10.92 10.64 11.27 11.24 9.68 11.61 11.90 11.72 11.10 11.40 11.50 10.88 11.73 10.90 10.93 10.97 11.10 11.85 11.00 10.90 11.91 12.36 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.87 10.16 11.10 9.85 10.15 00.00 00.00 10.75 10.96 12.10 11.90 12.30 11.45 11.48 00.00 9.65 11.05 10.07 00.00 00.00 10.80 10.92 11.22

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

754 364 7902 7903 4462 4463 4464 4249 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 3602 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2699 3416 3417 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3593 4095 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1878 1879 6690 6691 6692 6693 6694 6695 6696 6697 6698 6699 6700

I12 LJP Hno108 Hno108 Hno129 Hno129 Hno129 Hno132 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G3 G4 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E10 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

44.87 52.23 49.30 41.85 41.73 00.00 00.00 46.09 53.16 44.84 51.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.15 50.14 47.02 51.14 43.26 48.84 41.21 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.85 46.25 44.25 00.00 00.00 43.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.34 00.00 44.72 00.00 00.00 44.09 44.75 42.09 00.00 00.00 51.75 48.95 49.00 48.95 44.40 41.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

11.58 10.59 00.00 11.90 11.79 11.33 10.92 00.00 11.65 11.91 11.13 11.96 11.26 00.00 11.55 11.14 11.23 11.12 11.35 12.84 11.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.52 12.34 10.63 10.66 12.60 10.25 11.63 00.00 00.00 12.45 10.75 10.60 10.71 11.54 12.45 11.45 00.00 00.00 11.15 00.00 12.04 00.00 11.57 11.51 11.80 9.98 11.98 00.00 11.05 10.80 10.71 10.70 11.70 11.90 11.65 10.65 11.45 12.10 00.00

256

17.35 16.39 17.20 15.30 15.35 15.52 15.15 17.33 17.57 16.77 16.99 16.79 16.57 00.00 15.80 17.12 16.12 16.60 15.75 17.93 15.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.93 16.72 15.11 16.15 17.03 15.40 16.05 00.00 00.00 16.31 15.45 15.95 16.05 15.45 17.90 17.40 00.00 00.00 15.45 00.00 17.56 00.00 16.82 16.31 15.92 14.20 16.68 00.00 16.60 16.50 16.45 16.10 16.35 16.70 16.65 16.00 15.80 16.45 00.00

10.22 9.32 9.82 10.65 9.90 00.00 00.00 9.80 10.75 10.31 10.50 00.00 00.00 9.50 00.00 10.43 9.81 10.10 10.01 10.83 8.99 10.96 9.54 10.14 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.23 9.96 8.90 9.71 8.35 10.10 9.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.00 10.25 10.05 9.95 10.69 9.64 00.00 10.24 10.27 9.10 00.00 8.53 10.00 9.85 9.85 9.70 9.65 9.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.05

11.21 10.96 11.08 10.15 10.25 00.00 00.00 10.80 11.89 11.00 11.74 00.00 00.00 9.51 10.35 11.14 10.51 11.80 10.64 11.21 9.52 12.36 11.45 11.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.15 10.63 10.30 10.30 9.30 11.40 10.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.25 10.45 10.75 12.15 10.21 9.85 00.00 10.26 10.43 9.01 00.00 10.84 10.35 11.25 11.10 10.86 10.25 10.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.15

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6701 6702 6752 6753 6754 6868 6869 6870 6871 6872 6873 6874 6875 6876 6877 6878 6879 6880 6881 6882 6883 6884 1817 2242 2243 3268 6474 6475 6476 6477 6478 6479 6480 6481 6482 6483 6484 6485 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2889 2890 2891 2892 1290 1291 3741 3742 3743 3744 874 875 876 877 7780 7781 7782 7783

E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F10 F11 F11 F11 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G12 G12 G12 G12 G25 G25 G25 G25

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 00.00 47.45 42.70 41.30 52.35 46.40 53.20 43.40 47.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 49.41 47.66 44.99 00.00 44.75 50.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.81 48.59 51.30 45.47 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.88 49.48 46.87 50.06 52.76 44.57 41.17 44.44 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.93 50.71 53.47 46.85 50.90 50.20 54.75

00.00 00.00 10.40 11.20 12.55 11.40 10.45 11.85 11.90 00.00 10.45 11.64 11.10 11.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.74 10.13 11.84 10.35 11.88 11.15 12.05 10.70 11.34 12.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.09 10.95 11.57 12.53 00.00 11.24 12.04 10.64 11.43 10.18 12.18 12.72 10.93 10.40 12.40 11.30 10.85 12.22 10.85 11.52 12.12 10.35 11.30 10.05 11.55

257

00.00 00.00 14.96 15.50 16.10 16.94 15.30 16.90 16.20 00.00 15.90 16.50 16.90 17.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.30 16.18 17.83 15.00 16.10 16.65 17.25 16.05 15.60 16.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.68 15.73 16.59 16.43 00.00 17.31 17.89 15.26 15.96 14.91 16.55 16.53 16.18 15.15 16.50 16.84 11.75 16.70 15.64 16.16 17.02 15.05 16.40 15.85 17.65

10.15 10.45 9.85 9.55 9.95 10.90 9.75 10.25 9.85 9.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.86 10.30 10.15 10.26 10.55 9.40 9.50 9.57 9.93 9.34 10.58 00.00 10.15 10.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.65 10.90 10.37 9.65 9.73 8.45 9.49 9.67 10.47 10.45 10.60 00.00 00.00 9.79 9.45 9.16 10.02 10.87 10.02 8.65 10.05 00.00 00.00 9.90 9.70 10.14 10.35 9.37 10.35 9.85 10.40

10.70 11.55 10.70 10.00 10.06 11.65 10.30 12.25 9.70 10.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.45 10.68 10.95 11.70 11.50 9.75 10.15 11.40 11.14 10.94 11.34 00.00 10.40 11.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.69 11.45 11.40 10.75 11.25 9.70 10.13 11.39 12.24 11.02 10.80 00.00 00.00 10.73 11.03 10.23 12.12 12.32 10.38 9.29 11.15 00.00 00.00 10.78 10.95 10.95 11.39 10.15 11.60 10.85 11.90

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7784 7785 7786 7787 7788 7789 7790 7791 7792 7793 7794 7795 7859 7700 7701 7702 7703 7704 7705 7706 7707 7733 7870 7871 7872 7873 7874 7875 7876 7877 2611 2612 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 2634 3782 3783 4505 4506 4507 4508 4509 4510 7915 7916 6172 4861 4862 4863 4864 4483 4484 577 1798 1799 1800 1801

G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G27 G27 G27 G27 G27 G27 G27 G27 H10 H10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 H12 Hno102 Hno102 Hno106 Hno107 Hno107 Hno107 Hno107 Hno128 Hno128 F8 H5 H5 H5 H5

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

52.96 47.57 42.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.80 45.55 43.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.20 42.60 42.70 41.70 00.00 40.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.38 44.84 00.00 00.00 53.27 46.90 46.75 44.57 50.78 51.30 51.70 44.52 52.18 50.38 00.00 44.35 42.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 46.80 46.75 00.00 50.68 48.60 41.01 41.03

11.60 10.70 12.20 12.00 11.55 12.30 11.80 11.70 11.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.10 12.43 11.20 00.00 10.10 11.60 11.55 00.00 10.95 11.00 12.20 11.65 11.37 10.20 11.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.59 11.18 12.86 11.64 00.00 11.12 00.00 00.00 11.42 12.28 10.39 12.30 11.65 11.50 12.40 12.80 10.79 11.26 11.65 11.35 12.30 1060 00.00 00.00 10.53 10.40 11.51 10.36 10.66 11.83 00.00

258

16.40 15.90 17.25 17.55 16.07 17.95 17.15 16.25 16.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.30 17.55 15.50 15.30 14.95 17.10 15.45 00.00 15.40 16.35 16.75 15.43 15.60 15.75 15.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.12 17.49 17.89 15.58 00.00 15.50 00.00 00.00 17.42 16.20 15.65 16.80 17.40 16.50 17.40 17.15 16.90 15.75 15.95 16.55 15.95 16.30 00.00 00.00 15.95 15.30 15.96 16.17 16.32 16.14 00.00

10.15 10.40 10.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.15 10.85 10.70 9.76 10..46 10.35 9.75 9.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.72 00.00 9.80 10.48 9.55 9.25 00.00 9.75 10.05 10.00 10.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.52 9.47 8.30 9.51 10.84 10.38 9.75 10.75 10.45 10.05 10.45 10.15 10.21 10.01 00.00 10.10 10.00 00.00 10.05 9.30 9.95 9.40 00.00 9.24 10.14 9.34 9.34

10.95 10.55 11.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.15 11.20 12.00 11.15 10.75 10.77 9.85 10.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.78 00.00 10.30 11.10 10.40 9.55 00.00 10.20 11.70 10.95 10.75 11.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.70 9.65 9.91 10.31 11.62 11.00 11.45 10.85 11.56 11.23 11.70 10.80 11.50 11.15 00.00 10.70 10.58 00.00 11.70 10.52 11.12 00.00 00.00 10.68 10.85 9.93 10.30

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3033 3034 3035 3036 3037 3038 2954 2955 8092 8093 8094 8095 8096 8097 8098 8099 8100 8101 5863A 5864A 5865A 5866A 5848 5849 5850 7934 7935 7936 7937 7938 7939 7940 7941 7942 5948 5949 1853 1854 1857 7064 7065 7066 7067 7068 7069 7070 7071 7158 7159 7160 7161 7162 7602 7603 7604 7605 7606 7607 7608 7609 7610 7611 7686

H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 D10 D10 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E27 E27 E27 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 F25 G11 G11 G11 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

49.69 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 43.87 42.45 51.85 53.06 51.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.46 40.65 00.00 00.00 45.21 00.00 00.00 52.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 51.72 48.85 41.37 00.00 40.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.25 45.17 50.60 46.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.71

10.94 11.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.01 11.68 11.50 11.40 11.25 11.70 10.95 11.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.35 11.14 00.00 10.70 11.83 00.00 00.00 11.55 11.07 10.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.45 11.36 10.92 10.69 12.00 11.15 00.00 11.85 10.50 10.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.70 10.35 10.75 11.75 8.85 13.45 12.60 11.47 10.55 00.00 11.55 10.70 11.45 00.00 00.00 11.05

259

16.75 15.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.75 16.35 16.10 16.85 16.35 16.40 15.00 16.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.50 15.17 00.00 16.15 16.62 00.00 00.00 17.30 15.13 16.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.55 17.06 15.36 15.17 18.01 15.65 00.00 16.00 14.67 16.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.40 15.55 15.80 16.30 10.45 18.70 17.15 16.50 15.00 00.00 17.05 15.78 16.15 00.00 00.00 15.65

10.20 00.00 9.82 10.71 9.64 9.81 00.00 10.12 9.77 10.57 10.18 11.20 00.00 00.00 9.95 9.60 9.75 8.86 10.15 9.17 9.85 00.00 10.10 9.60 9.60 10.40 00.00 00.00 9.75 9.05 10.50 10.80 8.75 9.95 00.00 10.50 9.79 8.75 00.00 9.25 10.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.86 10.30 10.50 9.75 9.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.60 10.65 10.40 9.57 8.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.65 9.40 9.50

11.52 00.00 10.31 11.90 9.48 10.12 00.00 10.26 10.20 12.05 11.55 12.35 00.00 00.00 11.53 10.60 11.35 10.85 11.20 9.85 11.15 00.00 10.50 10.50 10.50 11.76 00.00 00.00 10.50 10.25 12.10 12.40 8.00 10.35 00.00 11.49 11.18 10.26 00.00 9.90 11.85 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.85 11.15 11.55 9.90 9.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.00 10.95 11.40 10.00 8.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.21 10.95 10.65

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7687 6790 6791 6792 6793 6795 6796 6797 6798 6799 7750 7751 7752 7753 7226 7227 6104 6105 653 654 655 4635 4636 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050 4051 4748 4749 4750 4751 4689 4690 4100 4309 4310 4311 4312 4313 4314 3764 3765 2005 1488 1489 2259 2260 4192 1828 4850 4728 4971 1741 4572 697 5240 6099

G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 G26 D24&E25 D24&E25 D24&E25

Hno104 Hno104 Hno105 Hno105 Hno110 Hno110 Hno110 Hno111 Hno111 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno117 Hno117 Hno117 Hno117 Hno121 Hno121 C3 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 G3 G4 G4 G5 G5 E8 G4 C0 C1 C2 A1 E3 A1 B1 B4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 11 11

00.00 48.75 41.80 50.70 47.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 49.40 51.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.38 52.90 54.87 44.82 00.00 44.80 00.00 47.30 49.15 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 50.95 50.95 48.90 44.15 48.20 00.00 46.71 00.00 00.00 41.17 00.00 48.72 44.26 44.05 00.00 57.62 40.80 44.80 00.00 00.00 48.70 41.20 00.00

11.10 9.93 12.50 10.40 11.35 12.20 11.20 10.80 00.00 00.00 10.40 10.70 10.50 00.00 10.60 10.05 10.45 11.45 11.59 11.55 00.00 12.40 10.65 10.60 10.85 10.65 10.45 10.65 10.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.42 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.63 11.65 10.55 12.60 10.33 00.00 10.80 12.25 11.60 10.31 00.00 10.58 10.98 10.93 00.00 12.03 11.00 11.30 12.07 00.00 10.76 11.00 00.00

260

17.00 15.30 16.05 15.70 16.40 16.95 15.40 15.65 00.00 00.00 15.90 15.55 16.50 00.00 16.30 15.68 14.65 17.08 17.65 16.27 00.00 16.75 15.31 15.70 15.95 15.96 15.30 15.55 15.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.37 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.09 16.75 15.50 17.25 15.40 00.00 16.90 17.95 16.97 14.71 00.00 16.09 15.30 15.68 00.00 17.25 15.87 16.60 17.07 00.00 15.96 15.80 00.00

00.00 8.87 9.80 9.70 9.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.65 9.55 9.80 9.80 00.00 10.15 00.00 00.00 9.80 9.90 10.8 9.64 10.93 10.85 00.00 10.20 9.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.07 9.65 9.45 12.55 10.25 9.35 10.05 00.00 9.85 9.60 10.05 9.30 9.80 9.60 11.00 9.67 10.60 10.60 00.00 00.00 8.54 9.97 9.38 9.57 10.15 10.63 10.83 9.75 10.45 00.00 9.22 9.33 9.69 9.05

00.00 10.50 10.15 11.40 9.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.80 10.71 11.35 10.95 00.00 10.60 00.00 00.00 9.90 11.10 12.36 10.44 11.53 10.30 00.00 11.05 10.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.90 10.50 11.20 13.40 10.55 10.60 10.50 00.00 10.60 10.05 10.10 10.65 10.75 10.80 11.16 11.30 12.30 10.95 00.00 00.00 8.53 10.97 10.36 10.20 9.70 10.19 11.90 9.67 10.65 00.00 8.30 10.87 10.10 9.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6011 6012 5100 6091 3687 818 5609 5839A 6290 6052 5595 526 6133 6144 5811 5916 5396 5397 5639 5559 5999

B7 B7 C1 C7 B1 C1 C3 C6 C7 Hno76 Hno84 Hno50 D3 D3 E4 B3 C3 C3 C5 D4 A5

11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.70 43.60 47.52 43.80 00.00 38.45 33.70 00.00 00.00 44.48 00.00 39.45 00.00 51.65

9.95 00.00 00.00 11.76 10.80 12.07 10.60 10.20 11.85 12.80 11.80 00.00 10.70 9.52 00.00 11.95 12.50 12.13 10.19 00.00 11.00

12.20 00.00 00.00 16.05 15.83 17.61 15.09 00.00 15.85 18.30 16.05 00.00 14.86 12.15 00.00 16.84 16.75 17.22 15.07 00.00 16.60

00.00 10.45 10.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.95 9.85 10.80 9.95 9.28 9.45 00.00 10.25 00.00 10.05 00.00 9.20 10.09 10.60

00.00 11.80 11.48 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.38 10.85 11.85 10.20 11.02 10.15 8.55 10.90 00.00 10.10 00.00 8.90 10.53 11.35

BD 9.02 9.01 8.92 8.51 8.72 8.85 8.23 8.33 8.78 8.37 10.40 10.05 9.60 8.93 9.32 8.90 9.10 9.20 7.41 7.86 8.95 8.45 8.90 8.80 9.94 00.00 9.25 9.17 00.00 9.56 9.67 00.00 8.43 10.46 9.72 9.68 7.96

TD 11.53 11.57 11.44 00.00 10.21 11.39 10.44 00.00 11.42 11.42 12.46 12.45 12.30 10.95 10.92 12.05 12.25 11.50 10.71 11.34 10.70 11.15 12.21 11.35 12.60 00.00 11.32 11.55 00.00 12.54 11.60 12.65 11.14 12.81 11.98 11.83 11.00

Table A.16.16. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 66 108 109 110 234 235 236 360 366 2706 2707 3526 3527 3826 3827 3828 3829 3856 998 999 3314 3315 4908 8086 1650 1726 2926 2927 2928 1923 1924 2129 2130 2131 3075 3943 3944

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP G6 G6 H5 H5 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E10 E10 F11 F11 F13 F27 G11 G11 H10 H10 H10 H11 H11 Hno132 Hno132 Hno132 G3 G4 G4

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

GL 25.10 24.35 25.91 24.77 24.96 24.62 25.19 27.53 25.85 25.28 26.57 25.95 26.73 23.70 23.00 25.60 26.45 24.50 25.63 00.00 23.70 23.90 25.10 23.65 27.67 00.00 23.17 24.3 00.00 26.92 26.82 26.10 23.18 25.85 24.45 25.35 23.65

BP 9.86 10.15 10.09 9.80 10.54 9.88 9.40 10.09 9.97 10.28 11.15 11.17 11.25 10.90 10.55 10.20 9.90 10.45 9.92 9.92 11.30 10.25 10.70 9.82 10.77 8.40 9.40 10.27 10.72 10.85 10.81 10.86 9.68 10.99 10.65 11.15 9.50

261

TP 13.96 14.22 14.19 00.00 12.89 14.56 13.24 14.59 13.65 14.84 15.27 15.00 15.60 14.15 14.75 13.65 14.15 14.35 13.90 14.78 14.75 12.65 14.85 13.75 15.27 11.90 13.35 14.65 13.88 14.24 14.70 15.93 13.41 15.41 15.25 14.90 13.75

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3945 3946 4031 2063 2103 3628 3629 1551 1552 1553 1554 3381 1043 1045 3582 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 7263 7264 7265 7266 7267 7268 7269 7270 7481 7482 6388 6389 6390 6391 6392 6393 6394 6395 7407 7408 7409 7410 7411 7412 7413 7414 2993 2994 2995 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 6607 6608 6609 7559

G4 G4 G4 G6 G6 G7 G7 H5 H5 H5 H5 H6 H7 H7 I6 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F10 F10 F10 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F11 F24 F24 F24 F26

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

25.08 22.10 00.00 28.87 00.00 00.00 00.00 24.87 25.98 27.03 23.98 27.20 25.08 23.79 25.40 26.78 25.26 24.51 22.79 25.10 25.61 23.54 24.67 23.98 26.35 26.75 23.50 23.75 23.25 22.65 23.97 25.15 22.65 26.80 24.50 00.00 27.49 25.20 25.25 27.06 22.85 00.00 24.65 22.50 21.95 26.15 24.45 21.50 20.20 00.00 22.45 23.71 23.64 25.88 26.33 25.74 24.77 24.71 23.55 23.35 24.23 00.00 22.92

10.36 8.40 7.65 11.76 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.43 10.53 10.75 10.13 10.70 10.10 9.09 11.70 10.82 10.80 10.22 9.31 10.42 10.52 9.47 10.85 11.43 8.93 10.50 9.55 10.39 9.45 9.05 10.55 9.92 9.40 9.50 10.95 10.70 11.40 10.60 10.30 9.85 9.88 9.75 9.25 9.47 9.40 10.15 10.85 9.65 8.05 9.90 8.46 8.99 9.14 00.00 10.22 11.28 9.78 10.56 10.12 9.75 10.35 00.00 9.75

262

13.45 12.60 10.50 15.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.72 14.53 14.60 12.75 14.36 14.34 13.53 14.50 15.49 13.84 13.42 12.56 14.31 14.12 13.78 13.64 15.30 10.60 15.60 12.60 13.27 12.90 13.45 13.40 14.30 12.27 13.10 14.15 13.81 15.80 14.45 14.46 14.20 13.10 12.50 13.65 12.40 12.70 13.60 14.30 12.42 10.45 13.67 12.34 13.76 13.87 14.87 14.16 14.36 13.64 13.13 13.53 12.50 14.20 00.00 13.55

9.11 7.15 00.00 10.64 9.81 9.08 8.75 8.11 9.59 9.89 00.00 9.68 9.28 8.10 10.50 9.78 9.47 8.71 8.31 9.54 8.88 8.78 9.33 9.41 8.90 9.13 8.30 9.05 8.60 8.55 9.10 9.53 8.63 8.88 9.50 00.00 10.47 9.65 9.20 8.75 8.60 00.00 9.05 8.20 7.95 9.35 9.73 7.90 6.45 00.00 7.72 7.47 7.75 9.49 9.69 9.61 8.84 9.22 8.95 9.00 9.60 9.30 9.15

11.80 10.05 00.00 13.22 12.80 10.58 10.86 11.83 11.80 12.15 11.04 12.40 11.83 11.27 11.70 12.54 11.25 11.66 10.67 11.96 12.16 11.39 11.17 11.79 11.25 12.35 10.35 11.15 11.13 11.00 11.45 11.55 10.30 11.95 11.65 00.00 13.00 11.55 11.40 12.05 10.20 00.00 11.55 10.00 10.20 11.85 11.50 10.40 8.20 00.00 10.56 11.42 10.42 12.28 11.85 11.01 11.13 11.28 10.69 11.05 12.20 12.10 11.80

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1324 1325 1326 1328 1329 3151 3152 7002 7003 2754 2755 2756 2757 4251 2661 2701 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441 3595 4082 2017 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1258 1260 6703 6704 6705 6706 6707 6708 6709 6710 6711 6712 6713 6714 6755 6885 6886 6887 6888 6889 6890 6891 6892 6893 6894 6895 6896 1820 6486 6487

G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G24 G24 H11 H11 H11 H11 Hno130 G7 G7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 I6 D10 D24 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F10 F25 F25

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

24.87 22.46 24.44 23.13 25.61 21.99 25.00 22.75 24.65 26.78 24.75 25.50 24.37 25.83 22.97 00.00 25.60 24.82 23.35 24.75 24.35 24.46 25.28 22.53 27.19 25.49 23.19 26.78 26.26 23.28 26.12 25.60 23.17 27.27 00.00 27.60 24.50 23.05 23.75 23.60 23.40 24.25 23.05 23.85 24.25 00.00 00.00 23.15 24.70 26.65 23.75 24.80 23.90 26.07 25.40 24.20 24.25 22.90 25.35 25.20 27.54 23.41 24.55

10.15 9.71 10.59 9.38 10.36 9.73 10.99 9.75 9.45 10.46 9.10 9.62 10.03 9.95 10.54 10.35 10.71 10.58 10.27 10.30 9.75 10.23 10.30 9.47 10.39 9.81 10.39 10.57 10.09 9.52 10.70 11.00 9.93 10.43 9.36 10.15 11.00 10.00 10.20 9.05 10.40 10.10 10.00 9.85 11.18 10.25 00.00 9.47 9.75 10.45 9.02 10.00 10.10 10.95 10.45 8.95 10.00 9.90 9.58 10.55 10.22 10.00 11.00

263

00.00 13.57 14.37 13.11 15.86 13.35 14.40 12.26 14.10 14.28 13.63 12.94 14.03 13.65 14.96 14.62 14.44 14.46 13.75 14.55 12.65 13.46 13.60 13.13 15.04 14.72 14.29 15.00 14.35 12.16 14.86 14.20 13.00 14.64 10.79 15.15 13.85 13.50 13.75 13.00 14.20 13.90 13.75 13.95 14.48 13.65 00.00 14.35 13.75 14.95 12.75 14.35 14.80 15.09 14.30 12.40 13.35 12.85 13.30 13.80 16.01 13.80 14.15

9.02 7.79 9.45 00.00 9.54 8.82 9.23 8.65 8.70 9.48 8.02 8.89 8.82 9.20 8.18 00.00 9.64 9.60 8.70 9.10 8.70 9.11 9.45 8.11 8.77 8.73 8.31 10.31 7.97 8.53 9.48 9.72 8.66 9.67 7.98 10.05 9.27 8.30 8.35 8.65 9.00 8.95 9.26 8.55 9.60 00.00 9.00 8.90 8.55 00.00 7.65 9.20 9.15 9.62 9.47 8.05 8.40 8.67 9.60 9.00 8.36 9.55 9.35

10.96 10.58 11.12 9.68 11.72 10.77 13.25 10.20 11.80 12.85 11.69 11.25 10.87 11.35 00.00 00.00 10.90 11.10 10.40 11.75 11.20 11.88 12.20 10.26 12.02 11.49 10.98 12.96 11.05 10.45 11.94 11.60 11.35 12.12 12.12 12.85 11.50 10.66 10.78 10.80 10.65 11.70 11.05 10.60 11.80 00.00 11.25 11.35 10.56 11.70 10.90 11.35 11.90 12.35 11.90 10.90 11.36 10.60 12.35 11.75 12.23 11.80 11.25

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6488 6489 6490 6491 6492 6493 6494 6495 6496 6580 2190 2191 2192 2895 2896 1283 1284 1285 3745 7796 7797 7798 7799 7800 7801 7708 7709 7710 7881 7882 2613 1762 1763 1764 6106 6107 6108 6175 4865 4866 4867 4868 4485 3030 1804 1805 1806 1807 3042 3043 8010 8011 8012 8102 5868A 5869A 5870A 5871A 5850 5851 5852 7943 7944

F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G10 G10 G10 G10 G10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G27 G27 H10 H11 H11 H11 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno107 Hno107 Hno107 Hno107 Hno128 B3 H5 H5 H5 H5 H7 H7 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E27 E27 E27 F24 F24

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

23.90 23.55 23.80 22.90 24.50 23.35 22.85 00.00 00.00 22.90 25.61 23.92 24.37 24.54 21.93 23.91 23.15 23.73 22.98 23.35 25.20 23.90 20.67 25.20 25.80 22.05 24.30 22.55 25.50 23.45 25.82 25.45 24.98 25.04 22.45 25.70 22.46 25.25 24.85 24.25 00.00 24.90 22.05 26.28 24.63 24.60 22.55 23.01 24.43 25.99 24.35 24.50 00.00 22.75 23.80 23.85 24.35 22.18 23.24 23.73 23.12 24.60 24.58

9.70 9.65 10.05 9.35 9.80 9.45 10.30 9.55 9.30 10.10 10.29 10.13 9.91 10.14 8.73 10.21 9.45 10.24 9.96 10.00 10.97 9.75 9.20 9.90 9.20 8.97 10.45 10.18 10.40 9.95 9.66 9.83 10.68 10.99 11.10 10.68 9.61 10.35 10.95 9.65 9.35 10.20 8.57 10.65 9.57 10.67 9.15 9.67 10.03 10.30 10.30 10.45 9.70 9.30 9.70 10.15 9.88 8.67 10.00 10.15 10.35 9.35 9.70

264

14.35 11.93 13.20 13.40 13.40 12.60 14.05 13.25 11.18 13.60 14.80 14.22 14.99 13.63 11.68 13.18 13.66 13.86 13.60 13.35 13.85 13.55 11.75 00.00 13.50 12.10 13.75 14.10 14.20 14.65 13.43 14.71 13.40 15.39 00.00 14.72 13.40 00.00 14.80 13.80 12.35 13.80 11.76 14.98 13.39 14.87 12.22 12.91 13.25 13.79 13.40 13.40 12.90 12.35 13.10 13.05 13.45 12.17 13.75 14.55 14.00 13.05 12.60

9.15 8.95 9.25 8.60 8.90 8.60 8.85 00.00 00.00 9.15 8.69 9.28 9.33 8.19 00.00 8.77 7.70 8.80 8.25 9.25 9.95 8.55 7.12 9.30 7.80 7.95 8.98 8.45 9.25 8.60 7.85 8.34 9.49 9.34 8.80 10.20 8.45 9.15 9.70 8.80 00.00 8.85 8.15 9.27 8.56 8.85 8.59 8.77 8.42 9.52 9.59 9.07 8.35 9.00 8.50 8.40 8.96 6.97 8.90 8.75 9.30 8.15 8.65

10.92 10.76 11.80 10.70 11.70 10.96 11.15 00.00 00.00 10.86 11.91 11.30 13.58 9.86 00.00 11.93 10.70 11.21 10.45 11.75 00.00 11.07 9.10 11.40 11.00 10.30 11.30 10.70 12.50 11.25 10.98 11.59 11.66 11.95 10.35 12.65 10.45 10.70 11.60 12.15 00.00 12.00 10.30 11.78 11.68 12.35 10.89 10.87 10.03 11.76 11.70 11.02 00.00 10.55 10.45 11.55 11.28 9.60 10.73 10.73 11.40 10.90 10.40

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7945 7946 7947 7948 7949 7950 7951 7952 5951 5952 5953 5954 7072 7073 7074 7163 7612 7613 7614 7615 7652 7688 7697 6801 6802 6803 7228 7229 788 4054 4055 4056 4057 4058 4691 4692 4695 4111 4318 4319 4320 4321 3766 2261 3864 1830 1831 1832 4232 3690 819 4274 5753 523 6296 5813 8162 8154 5560

F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 F25 F25 F25 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 Hno104 Hno104 Hno113 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno115 Hno121 Hno121 Hno121 C3 F8 F8 F8 F8 F8 G5 G4 G4 G4 C1 B1 C1 C2 C4 Hno50 Hno81 E4 A1 A2 D4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 15

21.40 23.85 00.00 22.97 25.85 24.25 23.40 24.05 22.55 23.20 25.40 23.67 25.35 23.75 22.71 23.20 25.90 24.95 23.30 24.85 24.10 22.90 00.00 23.25 25.95 23.30 00.00 22.35 24.71 23.98 23.20 25.00 23.33 00.00 25.60 21.65 00.00 23.00 25.15 23.30 24.85 25.73 26.38 25.67 00.00 26.70 23.33 23.26 21.16 00.00 22.75 00.00 22.95 24.65 24.75 23.10 24.35 26.80 25.40

9.40 9.65 10.65 9.35 9.28 9.20 8.95 9.90 10.00 9.20 9.67 10.15 11.10 10.68 9.90 9.40 10.00 10.00 9.30 9.90 10.85 9.25 10.49 9.70 9.95 9.32 8.60 9.26 10.05 10.30 9.65 9.50 9.10 10.00 10.65 9.25 00.00 9.50 10.42 9.60 9.65 10.20 9.18 9.55 00.00 11.20 9.10 10.61 8.40 00.00 9.57 10.88 8.75 11.09 11.66 9.25 9.57 9.80 10.65

265

13.02 13.00 13.45 11.50 12.70 12.45 12.25 12.25 14.36 12.70 14.00 12.96 14.00 14.25 13.85 13.35 13.10 14.25 12.45 13.50 13.94 13.30 13.05 13.64 13.70 11.95 11.70 11.65 13.23 14.40 13.55 13.30 12.75 14.20 15.05 13.47 00.00 12.10 14.65 14.32 14.80 13.55 13.05 13.75 00.00 15.42 12.12 13.42 12.35 00.00 15.51 14.75 11.95 14.93 15.10 12.70 12.35 12.75 14.40

8.20 8.75 00.00 7.15 8.45 7.45 7.95 9.15 8.35 8.30 8.35 8.75 00.00 8.95 9.17 8.06 8.57 9.00 8.85 8.35 9.45 8.10 00.00 8.35 9.40 00.00 00.00 7.63 8.26 9.80 8.95 8.85 8.87 00.00 10.08 8.07 9.15 8.23 9.35 8.98 9.20 8.85 8.20 9.16 7.03 9.95 7.64 8.97 7.15 9.63 7.02 00.00 7.35 9.63 10.50 7.75 7.85 8.30 9.20

9.40 11.15 00.00 9.40 11.50 10.15 10.15 11.75 10.50 10.55 11.65 10.24 12.15 11.02 10.93 10.70 11.15 11.55 10.29 11.25 11.20 10.85 00.00 10.68 12.00 00.00 00.00 9.55 10.40 12.75 11.33 11.70 10.90 00.00 11.60 10.35 11.57 00.00 11.45 10.50 10.93 11.40 11.25 11.71 8.71 12.54 11.15 11.36 9.40 11.67 9.22 00.00 9.35 12.05 12.05 10.30 9.35 11.30 12.20

Table A.16.17 Measurements of Third Phalanx of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 15 71 245 368 369 3530 1195 1207 1655 1656 2929 1925 3076 3951 2057 2058 2059 2060 1630 3382 3383 1048 1049 1050 3583 3584 1422 7483 7484 7415 2540 2541 6610 6611 1332 2759 2760 2663 3442 1264 6715 6716 6717 6718 6719 6720 6759 6757 6897 6898 6899 6900 6901 6902 3265 6497 2193 2897 7802

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP H5 F10 F10 G11 G11 H10 H11 G3 G4 G6 G6 G6 G6 H5 H6 H6 H7 H7 H7 I6 I6 D25 E24 E24 E25 F11 F11 F24 F24 G11 H11 H11 G7 H7 D25 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F11 F25 F25 G10 G10 G25

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

GL 25.37 25.53 26.55 27.44 29.19 27.00 25.44 26.05 26.94 23.92 27.79 25.01 31.49 29.55 31.76 27.27 27.54 24.50 26.36 32.37 00.00 28.52 31.15 28.66 27.21 28.20 25.14 25.70 30.35 28.60 27.39 25.35 26.85 29.65 29.40 27.11 25.87 29.22 27.09 25.33 28.05 28.95 25.70 28.90 27.05 25.70 29.15 28.10 28.50 31.32 26.20 31.25 28.70 25.55 28.20 27.40 25.55 29.49 25.40

DL 20.28 20.31 22.03 22.15 24.46 21.85 20.63 00.00 21.88 18.83 10.41 20.92 26.82 25.15 24.29 23.90 21.58 19.40 00.00 25.29 00.00 24.58 26.75 24.28 21.25 23.95 21.11 19.35 24.81 23.37 22.91 00.00 21.60 24.82 24.53 00.00 20.44 23.96 20.70 19.17 23.30 24.20 21.25 23.10 22.75 22.00 23.85 22.85 23.60 23.70 20.26 23.10 23.15 19.30 22.02 23.35 21.58 23.22 20.00

266

BP 8.94 8.05 8.64 8.96 9.14 8.25 8.49 7.78 8.59 8.69 9.63 8.42 10.17 9.00 9.59 9.48 8.83 8.65 8.03 9.95 9.02 9.25 10.23 9.46 8.08 9.65 8.58 8.15 9.60 8.75 9.93 8.35 8.10 9.25 10.81 8.26 8.44 10.12 8.75 8.84 9.00 9.45 7.90 9.30 8.15 9.00 9.10 8.80 7.80 9.25 6.65 9.60 9.10 8.36 9.27 8.73 8.09 9.45 8.45

TP 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.00 18.32 16.78 18.75 18.18 16.91 16.33 20.89 19.40 23.05 20.11 19.98 19.22 00.00 21.15 18.08 20.56 21.98 20.01 19.34 19.74 19.10 18.20 21.05 19.90 16.54 15.14 19.55 19.90 20.78 15.89 19.33 23.75 17.55 19.45 19.85 18.80 17.65 20.18 17.82 19.15 19.65 22.90 18.05 19.05 15.95 00.00 16.00 16.00 20.70 17.81 13.58 15.65 15.65

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7712 7883 1765 2637 541 8013 8014 8015 8103 8104 8105 5872A 5873A 5856 7953 7954 7955 7956 5959 5960 5961 5986 7075 7076 7616 7617 7689 6804 4693 1515 4108 688 6013 348 349 5596

G26 G27 H11 H11 Hno126 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E27 F24 F24 F24 F24 F25 F25 F25 F25 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G26 Hno121 G4 A1&A2 A1 B7 C1 C1 Hno84

3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 11 11 11 11 12

23.25 27.75 30.67 26.46 24.25 25.69 27.65 29.35 30.40 25.75 31.50 26.25 25.90 29.65 28.20 29.62 00.00 28.70 29.85 25.35 31.45 29.22 26.05 25.90 27.30 28.60 25.25 29.20 27.20 30.56 28.10 27.59 27.50 29.98 28.10 28.00

19.35 22.85 23.31 20.79 19.80 21.20 21.10 23.74 23.90 20.55 23.95 21.95 00.00 24.20 22.65 23.30 00.00 00.00 23.50 19.30 24.75 00.00 20.50 23.05 21.15 24.20 20.00 23.35 22.70 25.09 22.35 22.33 23.65 25.91 23.37 23.60

8.30 8.90 8.81 9.22 8.04 8.85 9.60 8.45 8.85 7.63 9.85 8.85 8.95 8.95 9.30 9.35 9.20 8.80 9.20 8.25 9.10 9.97 8.15 9.15 8.40 9.35 8.30 8.40 9.35 9.24 9.60 8.48 9.46 10.33 8.62 8.60

16.85 19.70 20.70 20.88 00.00 17.35 21.40 19.70 20.96 18.85 21.20 18.90 00.00 18.25 19.25 19.10 18.40 00.00 19.60 16.20 20.70 00.00 19.15 00.00 18.00 20.25 18.00 19.55 18.15 21.56 21.15 00.00 19.60 00.00 00.00 17.70

Table A.16.18. Measurements of isolated Maxillary second premolar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3513

Trench H7

Layer 3

GL 7.75

GB 5.40

Table A.16.19. Measurements of isolated Maxillary first/second molar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1128 2735 2737 2740 2734 2738 2741 3559 7056 1197 3360 4924 7384 7386 7545 3103 4020

Trench G4 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 H5 E23 F10 F11 F13 F26 F26 G24 G3 G4

Layer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

GL 15.63 16.68 15.81 16.59 15.72 16.15 13.00 13.30 14.17 15.05 15.78 17.07 15.02 15.90 15.32 14.75 14.70

GB 11.06 11.75 12.27 11.82 10.14 11.45 11.29 9.40 8.90 10.48 11.44 12.38 10.50 11.15 11.95 10.58 9.50

267

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4019 1624 3412 7319 7320 7318 6444 2594 2596 6668 6667 6661 7576 7577 3232 7034 7189 3504 2217 7863 7864 7745 5879 1866 7123 6191 5108 6330 5858A 5688 533 532 5829 528 6103 6248 6249 6250 6049 7440 2430

G4 H5 H6 E24 E24 E24 E25 F11 F11 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 G11 G24 G25 H7 G10 G25 G25 G26 E27 G11 G24 Hno106 C1 B5 C6 D3 Hno50 Hno50 C4 E4 B3 E5 E5 E5 Hno87 E25 F25&F26

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 15 16 2 3

16.10 15.27 14.05 16.60 13.80 13.90 14.10 16.23 15.00 17.90 14.98 13.83 15.70 15.77 15.20 15.00 15.40 14.21 15.53 17.05 15.50 10.80 14.15 13.63 14.05 14.87 14.15 11.91 19.55 15.90 12.33 11.07 11.40 14.85 14.60 15.23 14.98 17.28 16.25 15.00 13.72

10.75 12.00 11.46 10.95 10.20 11.00 11.00 12.59 11.05 12.40 10.10 9.80 10.75 11.25 9.60 11.00 11.65 9.50 10.89 11.70 9.95 9.35 11.45 9.52 9.40 11.80 8.15 6.30 14.33 10.30 9.58 8.55 10.15 9.40 9.65 10.50 10.45 11.00 10.65 11.04 9.12

Table A.16.20. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1364

Trench G11

Layer 2

GL 15.40

GB 11.86

Table A.16.21. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 21.69 2739 2736 2055 2054 1979 4018 7321 3021 3019 2595 6669

Trench Hno132 G6 G6 G7 G7 H11 G4 E24 F10 F10 F11 F24

Layer 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 16.00 15.22 15.98 15.94 16.68 15.79 16.07 16.45 14.93 16.14 16.32 17.30

GB 9.86 9.99 10.25 11.29 10.33 10.39 11.22 13.00 10.34 9.64 11.47 13.10

268

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6670 7035 2803 3502 3503 7862 7739 7740 4573 4821

F24 G24 H11 H7 H7 G25 G26 G26 E3 B0

2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 9 12

18.55 13.90 15.60 15.56 14.70 14.55 16.65 13.75 18.00 15.02

12.50 10.30 9.19 10.60 9.40 11.30 11.28 8.35 15.00 9.52

Table A.16.22. Measurements of Mandibular deciduous premolar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5993

Trench B3

Layer 14

GL 15.60

GB 5.95

Table A.16.23. Measurements of Manibular first/second premolar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1634

Trench H5

Layer 2

GL 8.51

GB 5.41

Table A.16.24. Measurements of Mandibular third premolar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3513

Trench H7

Layer 3

GL 7.75

GB 5.40

Table A.16.25. Measurements of Mandibular fourth premolar of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1307 5539

Trench G111 D8

Layer 3 11

GL 15.08 17.10

GB 5.41 5.90

Table A.16.26. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molars of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3556 7385 7392 1729 1715 1976 1977 4452 4030 4022 1083 1085 1442 7340 6445 3020 6659 6666 7575 3235 3233 1365 2802 772 2694

Trench H5 F26 F26 G11 G11 H11 H11 B7 G4 G4 H7 H7 D25 E24 E25 F10 F24 F24 F26 G11 G11 G11 H11 I12 G7

Layer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

GL 14.75 15.80 12.90 15.13 14.91 15.94 15.30 15.75 15.10 15.80 15.02 13.46 15.43 14.65 15.90 15.77 14.05 15.35 14.00 14.90 16.15 14.66 14.63 15.35 13.81

GB 8.40 9.60 7.60 7.61 6.86 6.58 6.80 7.52 7.93 7.73 8.15 6.47 7.89 7.65 8.00 7.16 6.55 7.10 7.65 7.90 7.20 7.50 7.15 6.84 6.81

269

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3500 6993 1825 6588 6587 2429 2428 2218 2219 1308 6192 6193 8024 7988 7141 4663 786 4123 3271 3775 1520 1519 1518 4701 1840 4714 4603 4149 5538 6228 821 5932 5407

H7 E26 F10 F25 F25 F25&F26 F25&F26 G10 G10 G11 Hno106 Hno106 E24 F24 G24 Hno111 Hno124 C3 F11 F8 G4 G4 G4 E2 G4 Hno61 Hno65 Hno73 D8 B6 C1 B3 C3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 11 12 12 14 15

15.95 16.25 16.28 16.10 12.86 15.28 15.34 14.92 16.01 17.44 16.09 16.05 14.45 13.75 15.35 15.20 14.91 14.15 16.32 17.40 12.37 9.04 14.63 15.90 16.19 14.22 14.20 16.85 15.26 14.34 16.68 14.90 14.83

6.80 7.90 7.06 6.90 6.75 8.18 8.25 7.93 6.13 7.15 6.55 7.50 6.07 7.90 7.55 7.95 10.62 6.45 7.25 7.50 7.17 6.20 7.54 7.45 7.49 6.40 7.10 7.20 6.50 8.60 7.49 6.65 7.93

Table A.16.27. Measurements of Mandibular second molars of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 427 3557 3558 4021 942

Trench LJP H5 H5 G4 G12

Layer 1-4 1 1 2 3

GL 20.10 16.55 15.37 20.30 14.80

GB 7.91 7.32 7.60 6.88 7.85

Table A.16.28. Measurements of Mandibular third molars of Antilope cervicapra Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7057 1714 1713 1723 1970 2170 1082 1443 7322 2593 6660 7033 7188 2693 2692 3499

Trench E23 G1 G11 G11 H11 Hno132 H7 D25 E24 F11 F24 G24 G25 G7 G7 H7

Layer 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

GL 21.30 18.95 19.69 18.39 20.95 20.35 20.95 19.70 20.00 20.05 19.50 21.80 18.13 19.56 20.60 20.99

GB 7.35 7.40 7.74 6.75 7.85 6.75 8.03 7.10 6.82 9.05 7.15 8.50 7.20 6.76 6.90 6.95

270

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3498 6994 943 7840 7865 7987 2425 2424 2420 2422 2421 2423 7122 7646 7647 5408 5573

H7 E26 G12 G25 G25 F24 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 G24 G25 G25 C3 D4

3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 15 15

20.60 19.73 20.35 20.20 20.20 20.50 19.96 20.24 18.30 21.66 19.88 20.17 21.60 19.53 19.15 21.00 19.58

7.90 8.17 7.65 6.78 6.78 8.21 7.15 7.06 6.67 7.55 6.79 7.96 8.15 7.40 7.60 7.69 7.57

Table A.16.29. Measurements of Mandibles with teeth of Antilope cervicapra dp2, dp3, dp4- deciduous mandibular second, third and fourth premolar p2 –second premolar, p3- third premolar, p4- fourth premolar, m1- first molar, m2- second molar, m3- third molar, MC-Mandibular condyle, MS- Mandibular symphysis. Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 434 443

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4

446

LJP

1-4

437 444

LJP LJP

1-4 1-4

432

LJP

1-4

448

LJP

1-4

451 452

LJP LJP

1-4 1-4

5287 5292 447

LJP LJP E7

1-4 1-4 1

Mandible m3 p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m2 m3 m3 dp3 dp4 m1 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 m2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 MC m3 p2 p3 p4 m1 m2

271

Length 19.29 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.10 00.00 14.44 18.70 17.76 7.99 16.64 15.77 6.64 13.98 12.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.10 14.59 00.00 17.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.60 00.00 5.43 9.93 11.24 00.00

Width 7.09 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.45 00.00 7.60 6.69 6.31 4.69 6.54 6.63 4.29 5.67 6.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.13 6.66 00.00 6.46 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.35 7.75 00.00 4.91 5.91 7.14 00.00

Height 00.00 13.91 19.61 23.29 23.04 24.18 00.00 25.76 32.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.31 20.25 21.26 25.49 14.09 17.04 19.45 22.65 28.79 00.00 19.58 21.66 23.17 24.07 26.12 00.00 00.00 15.19 18.06 19.45 20.35 23.04

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

439

F26

1

441

E27

1

1122 1123

G4 G4

1 1

1124

G4

1

1125 1127 1177 1198 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710

G4 G4 G10 F10 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1711

G11

1

1712 1725 1740 1971 1972

G11 G11 G11 H11 H11

1 1 1 1 1

1973

H11

1

1975

H11

1

2726 2727 2728 2729 2730 2731

G6 G6 G6 G6 G6 G6

1 1 1 1 1 1

2732

G6

1

2733

G6

1

2945

H10

1

2946

H10

1

dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 m3 m3 dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 m2 m1 m2 m2 MC p2 m3 MC MC MC MC MC MC p2 p2 p3 dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 MS MC dp4 p4 m1 dp2 dp3 dp4 p2 p3 MC MC MC MS MS m1 m2 m3 p3 p4 m1 m2 dp4 m1 m1 m2 MS

00.00 00.00 15.70 00.00 14.09 2-.56 18.95 00.00 00.00 15.28 00.00 14.36 11.11 15.65 17.84 00.00 00.00 21.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.75 00.00 9.63 16.64 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.44 8.87 10.38 3.13 8.12 17.07 00.00 7.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.71 15.72 21.44 6.61 7.93 8.46 12.85 15.74 13.60 13.59 16.04 00.00

272

00.00 00.00 6.21 00.00 7.71 7.98 7.08 00.00 00.00 5.65 00.00 6.51 7.74 8.82 7.49 17.63 00.00 8.23 16.41 16.42 18.56 16.85 18.46 19.40 00.00 00.00 5.58 00.00 4.59 5.95 00.00 00.00 20.90 6.78 4.66 6.12 2.19 4.27 5.96 00.00 5.21 19.51 27.25 18.45 00.00 00.00 6.96 8.26 7.92 4.68 5.45 6.01 7.25 6.24 6.04 7.02 7.13 00.00

12.39 16.61 17.78 21.96 00.00 25.86 00.00 10.84 13.30 16.31 20.19 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.26 38.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.69 17.19 20.54 11.73 13.71 15.64 19.46 16.94 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.87 15.57 19.08 21.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.10 17.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.66 24.98 19.84

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3358

F11

1

3359

F11

1

3552

H5

1

3553

H5

1

3554 3555 3862 8064

H5 H5 D25 F27

1 1 1 1

8083 487

F27 J9

1 1

2166

Hno132

1

4925

F13

1

4926

F13

1

436

G24

2

438

G24

2

449

E24

2

767

I12

2

768 1076

I12 H7

2 2

1077 1079

H7 H7

2 2

m1 m2 m3 p3 p4 m1 p4 m1 m2 m3 p4 m1 m2 m1 MC MC p4 m1 m2 m2 p4 m1 m2 m3 MS p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 MS p2 p3 p4 dp2 dp3 dp4 p4 m1 m2 m3 p3 p4 m1 m2 p2 p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 m1 m2 m1 m2 m3 MC MC

13.99 15.55 00.00 00.00 8.87 9.60 00.00 13.25 15.58 20.05 8.17 10.88 14.75 15.00 00.00 00.00 9.05 10.50 13.60 16.95 9.09 12.33 14.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.13 14.07 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.90 00.00 5.30 10.25 17.65 8.82 12.02 15.37 00.00 00.00 8.84 13.25 15.04 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.32 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.69 12.13 14.84 00.00 00.00 00.00

273

6.49 6.50 00.00 00.00 5.67 6.75 00.00 6.90 6.98 6.80 5.05 6.88 7.38 7.25 17.10 16.75 5.20 6.70 9.45 6.18 4.50 7.03 6.88 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.83 7.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 5.10 00.00 3.50 5.80 6.20 00.00 6.67 7.46 00.00 00.00 4.37 7.19 7.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.62 7.45 7.62 00.00 18.95 19.00

23.58 27.65 33.20 16.79 18.40 20.35 20.10 21.92 26.06 30.65 19.11 21.75 25.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.28 20.98 23.61 28.09 15.84 17.27 19.51 20.44 21.62 25.14 17.25 18.00 21.50 23.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.95 24.97 28.82 17.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.68 23.26 23.57 23.59 14.83 18.43 19.73 00.00 21.85 25.28 29.13 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

1080

H7

2

1084 1346

H7 G11

2 2

1347 1348 1368 1438 1439 1441

G11 G11 G11 D25 D25 D25

2 2 2 2 2 2

1477 840 1618

D25 F12 H5

2 2 2

1619 1620

H5 H5

2 2

1623 1632 2102

H5 H5 G6

2 2 2

2104 2285 2286 2288

G6 E1 E1 E1

2 2 2 2

2290

E1

2

2291

E1

2

2463

F24

2

2464

F24

2

dp4 m1 m2 MC p3 p4 m1 MC MC MC MC MC m1 m2 MS MC dp4 m1 m3 dp4 m1 m2 m3 MC MS p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 MC MC MC MS p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p3 p4 m1 MS p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 MS p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 p4 m1

14.80 14.74 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.89 15.65 00.00 00.00 14.61 14.47 18.48 00.00 13.30 16.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.87 14.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 13.87 16.11 16.62 7.08 9.41 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

274

00.00 00.00 00.00 19.31 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.38 16.71 16.47 18.26 16.77 6.65 7.55 00.00 19.80 5.88 5.82 7.20 6.42 7.13 6.88 00.00 18.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.24 8.36 7.59 18.04 15.68 16.01 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.81 6.57 5.04 3.08 4.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 21.78 26.86 00.00 14.00 15.88 19.02 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.16 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.60 21.57 25.92 31.88 00.00 16.63 13.86 15.70 18.84 21.34 24.39 27.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.71 17.10 20.27 20.79 25.69 30.34 17.68 20.72 22.62 14.93 17.37 17.38 16.45 15.38 15.85 20.00 15.20 18.41 21.59 23.34 14.69 17.23 19.91 21.59

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2465

F26

2

2466

F24

2

2592 2597

F11 F11

2 2

3113 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226

E2 G11 G11 G11 G11 G11

2 2 2 2 2 2

3227

G11

2

3228

G11

2

3229

G11

2

3411

H6

2

3998 3999 4000

G4 G4 G4

2 2 2

4001 4003

G4 G4

2 2

4073 3586 3600 3647

C0 I6 I6 G7

2 2 2 2

3648

G7

2

3649 3650 6438 6439 6440 6441 6442

G7 G7 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

6657 6658

F24 F24

2 2

m1 m2 m1 m2 MC m1 m2 MC MS MC MC MC MC p3 p4 m1 m2 p2 p3 p4 p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 p4 m1 p2 p3 MS MS m1 m2 m3 m3 dp4 m1 m3 m3 MS dp2 dp3 dp4 m1 dp2 dp3 dp4 MC MC MC MC MC p4 m1 m2 m3 MC m1

10.76 00.00 11.79 13.02 00.00 12.38 14.61 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.67 12.40 14.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 3.45 6.05 7.85 9.50 00.00 8.20 00.00 00.00 10.67 14.00 19.05 19.00 18.10 15.60 19.50 21.92 00.00 00.00 7.95 16.50 00.00 00.00 7.98 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 8.55 8.90 11.80 20.50 00.00 13.00

275

7.06 00.00 7.27 7.69 20.53 6.48 6.55 18.06 00.00 19.58 22.51 18.65 16.73 00.00 4.53 8.25 6.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 4.45 5.75 6.08 00.00 4.10 00.00 00.00 6.90 7.50 7.15 7.55 8.95 10.05 7.20 8.27 00.00 00.00 3.82 5.78 00.00 00.00 3.82 00.00 13.64 19.65 16,32 15.75 15.90 5.30 6.82 7.75 8.00 16.15 6.57

21.23 23.71 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.76 27.13 00.00 18.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.69 22.56 23.80 26.35 16.10 16.80 18.36 15.55 18.35 20.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 11.30 13.76 21.45 19.39 19.75 21.83 26.10 30.90 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.75 12.05 14.30 16.05 20.15 11.65 13.85 15.20 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 21.15 22.60 25.70 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6665

F24

2

7032 7185 7186

G24 G25 G25

2 2 2

7317 7441 7442 7443 7456 7497 442

E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 F24 G25

2 2 2 2 2 2 3

440

F25

3

433

F24

3

429

G26

3

538 936

Hno126 G12

3 3

937

G12

3

938

G12

3

939

G12

3

940

G12

3

944

G12

3

945

G12

3

1824 2212

F10 G10

3 3

2232 2254 2255 2320 2358 2690

G10 F11 F11 E10 E10 G7

3 3 3 3 3 3

m2 m2 m3 MC m1 dp3 dp4 m1 MC m2 MC MC MC MC p2 p3 p4 m1 m1 m2 m3 dp4 m1 dp4 m1 MC p4 m1 m2 m3 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 m1 m2 m3 m2 m3 p4 m1 m2 m2 m3 m1 m2 p2 m1 m2 m3 MS MC MC MS m1 p2 p3

15.70 13.45 22.30 00.00 14.90 7.25 15.85 12.85 00.00 16.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 10.05 13.94 13.50 13.29 14.84 13.95 14.62 12.75 13.40 00.00 00.00 13.18 15.42 17.75 5.98 7.14 9.25 13.32 21.72 9.01 12.87 21.23 12.24 19.33 8.80 12.15 14.12 15.55 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.24 14.23 17.66 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.22 00.00 00.00

276

7.55 8.25 9.50 17.40 8.00 3.95 5.45 5.80 16.18 7.70 16.95 17.25 16.70 17.15 00.00 00.00 5.67 7.37 9.31 7.94 9.46 6.51 6.53 8.48 10.49 19.39 00.00 6.79 7.28 6.42 4.93 5.57 00.00 00.00 8.37 6.11 7.39 7.92 7.76 8.11 5.21 7.06 7.54 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.22 6.32 5.94 00.00 17.84 18.15 00.00 6.94 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.80 21.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.89 17.55 20.50 21.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 18.42 21.84 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.96 21.64 26.64 30.02 16.71 19.16 20.78 23.51 26.70 00.00 00.00 24.35 00.00 26.65 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.05 20.78 23.80 16.03 20.94 24.42 29.97 13.90 00.00 00.00 32.20 00.00 15.27 18.64

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

2691 2865 2866 2868

G7 G3 G3 G3

3 3 3 3

2869

G3

3

2870

G3

3

3272 3273 3492

F11 F11 H7

3 3 3

3493

H7

3

3494

H7

3

3495 3651 3792

H7 H7 H12

3 3 3

4486

Hno128

3

4532

H12

3

4533

H12

3

4534

H12

3

4537

H12

3

6188 6189 6523 6524 6781 6953 6954 6966 7724 7839 676

Hno106 Hno106 F25 F25 E23 E26 E26 E26 G26 G25 Hno110

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

MC MC MS dp2 dp3 dp4 p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p4 m1 m2 m1 m1 m2 m3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p2 p3 p4 MC MC p3 p4 m1 m2 p2 p3 p4 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 m1 m2 m3 m1 m2 m2 m3 MC p4 MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC dp2

00.00 00.00 00.00 3.95 8.46 16.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 14.16 15.21 20.80 10.05 11.40 13.02 10.65 10.30 13.67 19.61 10.06 12.65 15.62 18.90 00.00 7.40 8.97 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.30 10.27 13.27 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 12.95 15.39 00.00 12.85 15.08 19.20 12.80 00.00 15.48 13.90 00.00 9.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 9.95

277

16.83 20.77 00.00 8.46 4.35 4.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.83 6.73 7.21 6.68 7.40 7.45 8.04 6.90 7.80 7.05 5.03 7.07 7.48 6.95 00.00 3.80 5.05 18.65 13.68 00.00 5.08 6.60 7.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 6.52 6.65 00.00 7.00 7.40 7.50 6.67 00.00 10.20 8.45 14.95 5.20 16.05 16.90 18.25 17.50 18.55 17.90 17.26 20.80 4.87

00.00 00.00 16.57 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.19 19.75 21.58 23.38 27.83 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 16.25 20.45 21.10 00.00 00.00 16.23 19.00 19.35 21.30 13.10 14.24 16.00 15.37 18.47 19.85 23.15 28.39 00.00 24.36 29.60 21.13 25.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.83

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

972

C1

4

1867

G11

4

1872 4761 4762 4763 5977 5978 5979 6111 6857 6858 7648 7762 7986 8153 1516 1839

G11 Hno117 Hno117 Hno117 F25 F25 F25 Hno105 G26 G26 G25 F24 E24 G4 G4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7

3902 4602

B3&C3 Hno65

8 8

5067 5105 820

E5 C1 C1

8 11 12

5925 5400 5401

B3 C3 C3

14 15 15

D24&E25

dp3 dp4 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 p2 p3 MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MS MC MC p2 p3 p4 m1 m2 m3 MS p3 p4 m1 MC MC p2 p3 MC MC MC

00.00 00.00 00.00 8.57 10.78 14.68 22.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 7.68 10.93 13.58 15.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

00.00 00.00 00.00 4.96 6.78 7.43 7.53 00.00 00.00 16.18 15.40 15.65 18.60 17.05 15.40 16.70 19.35 20.10 18.50 19.65 16.75 00.00 17.30 19.10 00.00 4.32 5.03 7.02 7.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.55 18.45 00.00 00.00 14.95 20.25 20.29

20.66 21.05 20.87 21.83 23.26 26.66 30.85 17.81 18.96 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 15.25 00.00 00.00 18.35 20.88 22.49 23.21 27.66 29.27 34.25 10.90 12.40 14.20 00.00 00.00 11.05 12.97 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.16.30. Measurements of Maxilla with teeth of Antilope cervicapra P2 –second premolar, P3- third premolar, P4- fourth premolar, M1- first molar, M2- second molar, M3- third molar, M0- 1st/2nd/3rd molar

Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2168

Trench Hno132

Layer 1

1967

H11

1

1081

H7

2

7036 7037 7124

G24 G24 G24

2 2 4

Maxilla M2 M3 M1 M2 P4 M1 M0 M0 P3

Length 14.13 13.97 9.45 13.73 8.15 13.55 16.63 15.47 6.75

278

Width 10.06 9.22 9.05 9.46 10.05 11.40 10.95 10.95 6.45

Height 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

4536

H12

3

4006 4007

G4 G4

2 2

3590

I6

2

3496

H7

3

3497

H7

3

M1 M2 P4 M1 M2 M3 M3 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M0

7.90 12.88 6.37 10.45 12.95 16.50 16.01 6.15 8.30 5.20 6.63 8.34 9.04 12.37 15.10 16.67

7.55 10.45 00.00 10.25 10.75 10.25 11.50 5.90 8.55 4.18 6.55 8.45 9.90 11.90 10.90 12.06

00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

Table A.17.Measurements of Bones of Gazella bennetti Table A.17.1. Measurements of Scapula of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 304 308

Trench C23 E24

Layer 2 2

GLP 31.90 00.00

LG 24.40 00.00

BG 20.67 18.56

SLC 18.03 19.46

GLM 24.00 23.60

TL 13.30 13.85

TM 13.65 15.15

TP 14.82 00.00 00.00 14.75 12.60

BD 9.22 7.05 6.56 00.00 9.00

TD 9.80 9.50 7.30 00.00 8.35

Table A.17.2. Measurements of Humerus of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1

Reg.No. 282

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

BD 26.50

TD 13.76

Table A.17.3. Measurements of Radius of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3393

Trench H6

Layer 2

BP 00.00

TP 13.30

Table A.17.4. Measurements of Tibia of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3340 1255 3913

Trench F11 D25 B3&C3

Layer 1 3 8

BD 20.33 23.71 21.05

TD 14.85 18.25 17.10

Table A.17.5. Measurements of Metatarsal of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3401

Trench H6

Layer 2

BP 17.55

TP 17.90

Table A.17.6. Measurements of Astragalus of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5781 6016

Trench Hno75 E3

Layer 12 11

GL 25.00 24.10

GLL 24.27 23.98

Table A.17.7. Measurements of First Phalanx of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2025 6758 1802 6794 5810

Trench G7 E23 H5 G26 C4

Layer 1 3 4 4 13

GL 42.73 00.00 00.00 00.00 35.55

BP 11.05 00.00 00.00 9.05 10.00

279

BD 16.53 15.74

Table A.17.8. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3316 1651 2538 6759 6800

Trench F11 G11 F11 E23 G26

Layer 1 1 2 3 4

GL 21.80 24.44 21.47 22.00 26.85

BP 7.85 9.37 8.17 7.35 9.05

TP 10.75 13.07 12.09 10.00 13.70

BD 7.75 7.44 7.49 6.90 8.30

TD 9.50 9.80 9.38 10.00 00.00

Table A.17.9. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Gazella bennetti Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 773 774

Trench I12 I12

Layer 2 2

GL 15.67 17.27

GB 9.92 9.46

A.18. Measurements of Bones of Tetracerus quadricornis Table A.18.1. Measurements of Scapula of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 186 6045

Trench E25 B4

Layer 4 15

GLP 00.00 24.85

LG 17.69 20.03

BG 15.11 16.43

SLC 13.73 00.00

Table A.18.2. Measurements of Humerus of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3646

Trench G7

Layer 2

BP 25.95

TP 13.55

Table A.18.3. Measurements of Radius of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 393

Trench F25

Layer 3

BD 22.65

TD 16.74

Table A.18.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 191 330 6072

Trench LJP LJP B5

Layer 1-4 1-4 15

DD 00.00 00.00 11.00

BD 22.12 00.00 17.95

TD 00.00 00.00 14.65

WT 10.13 6.76 8.20

TT 16.67 00.00 14.35

TLT 12.72 00.00 11.05

Table A.18.5. Measurements of Femur of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1105

Trench G4

Layer 1

DD 35.38

BD 43.55

Table A.18.6. Measurements of Tibia of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3007 4725 3912 3818

Trench F10 B1 B3&C3 C0

Layer 2 5 8 12

DD 19.60 21.37 21.11 22.56

BD 15.36 15.90 15.45 16.88

Table A.18.7. Measurements of Metacarpal of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1447 1453 2445

Trench D25 D25 F25&F26

Layer 2 2 3

BP 00.00 00.00 18.68

TP 00.00 00.00 17.80

280

BD 18.69 00.00 00.00

TD 13.95 00.00 00.00

WT 8.33 9.07 00.00

TT 13.71 14.62 00.00

TLT 10.32 10.15 00.00

Table A.18.8. Measurements of Astragalus of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 89 4038 7085 6070 6246

Trench LJP C0 G24 B5 E5

Layer 1-4 3 4 1 1

GL 25.37 00.00 27.68 27.50 24.73

GLL 24.73 00.00 27.58 27.30 24.70

GLM 22.72 23.20 25.95 27.03 22.90

TL 13.80 13.15 15.60 15.40 13.35

TM 13.55 13.40 15.45 15.53 13.50

BD 15.18 00.00 16.50 17.05 15.57

Table A.18.9. Measurements of First Phalanx of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1393

Trench D25

Layer 2

BP 9.28

TP 14.81

Table A.18.10. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 361

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

GL 22.39

BP 8.32

TP 12.30

BD 7.12

TD 10.10

Table A.18.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Tetracerus quadricornis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2266 6104

Trench G5 B3

Layer 6 15

BP 11.76 13.23

TP 8.62 8.90

A.19. Measurements of Bones of Boselaphus tragocamelus Table A.19.1. Measurements of Humerus of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 776

Trench I12

Layer 2

BD 57.47

TD 30.02

Table A.19.2. Measurements of Radius of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 333 4290

Trench LJP C2

Layer 1-4 12

BP 65.74 53.80

TP 30.98 27.62

Table A.19.3. Measurements of Ulna of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 7509 4474 5737 5664 5665

Trench F24 Hno129 E3 A5 A5

Layer 2 2 12 15 15

BP 31.15 35.32 30.40 28.45 31.45

Table A.19.4. Measurements of Metacarpal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1681 1627 3473 900

Trench G11 H5 H7 G12

Layer 1 2 3 3

BP 41.59 39.85 44.15 00.00

TP 26.77 24.84 28.15 00.00

BD 00.00 00.00 00.00 44.75

TD 00.00 00.00 00.00 31.82

Table A.19.5. Measurements of Metacarpal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 6577 7666 4338 4339

Trench D25 G25 F8 F8

Layer 3 4 5 5

WT 19.30 18.65 19.80 19.54

TT 29.00 30.90 30.00 30.00

281

TLT 22.70 23.45 24.05 23.39

WT 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.55

TT 00.00 00.00 00.00 28.37

TLT 00.00 00.00 00.00 23.28

INM-1 INM-1

5731 5914

C3 B3

13 14

20.70 18.75

31.15 28.80

23.70 22.55

Table A.19.6. Measurements of Tibia of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 45 1099

Trench LJP G4

Layer 1-4 1

BD 46.41 48.31

TD 39.28 39.12

Table A.19.7. Measurements of Metatarsal of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1095 3543 1697 2092 1597 3402 3403 2853 899 2451 5895 3679 5090 6284 6285 5378 5415

Trench G4 H5 G11 G6 H5 H6 H6 G3 G12 F25-F26 E25 C6 B2 B3 B3 C3 C3

Layer 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 8 13 14 14 15 15

BP 47.38 46.90 00.00 00.00 39.67 41.92 36.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.64 42.58 44.70 38.26 00.00 40.80

TP 44.23 42.27 00.00 00.00 41.30 43.40 37.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 40.18 42.23 42.10 39.45 00.00 41.39

BD 00.00 00.00 48.36 43.10 00.00 00.00 00.00 39.95 44.14 38.81 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.45 00.00

TD 00.00 00.00 28.05 32.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.35 31.55 29.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.26 00.00

WT 00.00 00.00 21.52 20.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.57 20.32 18.57 21.30 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.35 00.00

Table A.19.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 93 164 256 2021 2023 3514 3819 4903 2114 2115 3925 3926 3927 3928 2064 2065 1528 1529 1629 3367 3368 6375 846 3122 3123 3124 4461 2660 3415 2014

Trench LJP LJP LJP G7 G7 H5 D25 F13 Hno132 Hno132 G4 G4 G4 G4 G6 G6 H5 H5 H5 H6 H6 E25 F12 G11 G11 G11 Hno129 G7 H7 D24

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

GL 68.41 67.67 73.91 00.00 00.00 67.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 64.65 00.00 00.00 68.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 60.45 00.00 61.29 66.68 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00

BP 21.60 21.10 22.92 00.00 00.00 20.50 21.15 21.00 00.00 00.00 20.55 00.00 22.60 20.95 20.84 00.00 21.70 24.89 00.00 20.50 00.00 20.20 24.04 19.60 20.88 21.32 17.65 00.00 00.00 24.28

282

TP 29.19 29.40 30.04 00.00 00.00 28.65 31.80 28.15 00.00 00.00 27.10 00.00 29.65 27.25 27.33 00.00 30.10 33.14 00.00 28.75 00.00 26.60 31.21 25.83 29.74 28.70 23.25 00.00 00.00 29.12

BD 21.58 22.45 22.09 22.22 20.84 20.55 00.00 00.00 21.08 20.58 00.00 21.80 00.00 19.05 00.00 19.79 21.26 00.00 18.89 00.00 21.00 19.60 00.00 18.74 20.80 00.00 00.00 18.35 23.68 00.00

TD 18.25 18.81 18.03 18.11 17.50 18.90 00.00 00.00 17.86 17.67 00.00 17.25 00.00 17.20 00.00 16.46 16.75 00.00 16.86 00.00 17.90 16.25 00.00 17.07 17.62 00.00 00.00 00.00 19.45 00.00

TT 00.00 00.00 26.64 32.53 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.24 31.57 28.29 30.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.09 00.00

TLT 00.00 00.00 19.80 25.38 00.00 00.00 00.00 22.48 23.70 22.08 22.70 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.18 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6960 6554 6555 6556 2181 879 880 7727 7728 2610 2633 4539 1375 1797 7126 7127 7128 7129 7656 7657 7670 6847 6855 6856 645 646 647 4747 4306 4307 4390 4453 3609 4883 4764 5098 3688 5807 5448 5449 5898 5901 5791 5366 6232 6233 5466 5556 5557 5558 5421 4813 6087

E26 F25 F25 F25 G10 G12 G12 G26 G26 H10 H10 H12 E1 H5 G24 G24 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 Hno110 Hno110 Hno110 Hno117 F8 F8 B6 E7 C0 Hno71 C0 C1 B1 B1 B1 B3 B3 B5 C3 C4 C4 D3 D4 D4 D4 E4 B0 B3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 10 11 12 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16

66.25 66.40 63.20 00.00 00.00 61.65 00.00 61.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 64.89 62.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 69.65 00.00 00.00 64.18 00.00 00.00 69.29 69.56 68.89 64.15 00.00 00.00 65.27 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 67.93 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 73.95 00.00 00.00 00.00 67.05 69.05 63.35 67.20 00.00 71.23 00.00

20.15 20.95 19.95 00.00 00.00 20.73 00.00 19.52 19.23 27.02 00.00 18.70 20.04 19.78 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.32 20.25 20.58 20.45 13.10 10.45 21.81 23.30 22.11 19.95 00.00 21.65 20.45 00.00 20.78 00.00 00.00 21.36 00.00 20.75 00.00 25.00 21.05 00.00 00.00 20.62 21.90 20.95 20.45 22.45 27.00 00.00 00.00 21.35 20.55

29.45 27.25 26.38 00.00 00.00 25.78 00.00 24.05 26.28 33.92 00.00 23.55 26.89 25.52 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 25.34 26.20 25.68 29.15 17.20 15.65 30.09 30.17 27.32 24.80 00.00 28.63 28.16 00.00 28.75 00.00 00.00 30.40 00.00 29.55 00.00 29.10 27.55 00.00 31.78 28.90 29.70 29.00 28.45 31.00 28.50 27.36 31.37 28.80 26.55

22.05 20.20 20.70 19.75 20.10 19.32 22.02 18.80 00.00 00.00 17.56 18.41 19.76 00.00 19.05 18.30 20.05 21.10 20.20 00.00 00.00 20.36 00.00 00.00 21.30 23.74 21.93 18.70 20.55 00.00 19.56 24.05 00.00 21.95 19.60 00.00 21.50 22.10 23.30 00.00 00.00 21.97 23.50 00.00 00.00 00.00 20.57 22.32 19.60 20.80 00.00 21.65 00.00

18.60 17.12 17.36 16.45 18.04 17.70 17.19 15.76 00.00 00.00 16.18 15.75 16.94 00.00 16.75 15.98 16.90 18.25 16.80 00.00 00.00 16.35 00.00 00.00 18.29 18.63 19.08 17.30 16.70 00.00 18.30 18.95 00.00 18.05 15.93 00.00 18.88 17.90 17.53 00.00 00.00 16.40 19.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 17.80 17.77 16.76 17.00 00.00 17.85 00.00

Table A.19.9. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 227 237 5270 1108 1109 3525

Trench LJP LJP LJP G4 G4 H5

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1

GL 36.21 38.57 45.10 44.79 40.84 42.65

BP 18.87 23.17 23.55 24.68 22.88 00.00

283

TP 00.00 00.00 29.05 28.79 27.02 27.48

BD 15.98 18.89 19.00 18.67 18.04 18.60

TD 21.12 26.08 22.90 25.14 22.98 26.46

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

3830 2925 1922 2127 2128 3947 2062 3627 1420 1421 2530 2531 6642 1331 3150 4465 4466 3434 3435 3436 1217 1218 1219 6770 6785 2244 6557 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2389 7841 7842 7729 7894 7921 3040 3041 7989 7990 7991 7992 7658 6848 6849 6850 658 4315 4316 5162 4766 5243 5780 5814 4676 8155 5452 5453 5908 5993 5655

D25 H10 H11 Hno132 Hno132 G4 G6 G7 D25 D25 F11 F11 F24 G11 G11 Hno129 Hno129 H7 H7 H7 D25 D25 D25 E23 E23 F11 F25 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26 F25&F26

G25 G25 G26 G27 Hno102 H7 H7 F24 F24 F24 F24 G25 G26 G26 G26 Hno110 F8 F8 D6 C0 B1 Hno75 E4 B0 A2 B1 B1 B3 D6 A5

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 8 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15

43.00 36.30 00.00 00.00 42.62 00.00 30.47 41.05 41.85 43.30 39.64 37.62 42.05 39.70 40.67 40.85 00.00 39.75 41.15 41.15 00.00 40.74 42.14 45.25 00.00 40.24 39.65 45.72 43.32 41.91 41.82 40.58 00.00 45.70 44.90 43.81 39.65 44.65 39.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 37.00 00.00 38.80 00.00 40.90 39.30 43.18 00.00 44.03 44.35 36.78 37.15 37.80 39.95 38.72 41.65 36.31 36.45 00.00 43.40 00.00

21.60 19.47 22.39 00.00 24.13 00.00 21.59 21.35 20.95 22.35 23.37 20.50 23.07 23.52 20.83 20.68 22.65 20.60 22.79 21.65 00.00 22.00 21.83 25.35 00.00 21.94 21.00 23.96 22.03 22.36 21.78 20.88 00.00 24.70 00.00 23.03 20.80 23.65 20.27 19.85 00.00 22.00 20.53 19.45 20.63 22.50 22.15 20.70 00.00 20.40 23.90 21.80 23.90 20.70 20.07 22.30 22.30 20.50 20.10 20.18 22.43 24.35 21.56

284

28.45 24.78 27.20 00.00 30.40 00.00 26.33 26.35 25.99 26.96 27.94 24.65 28.65 26.96 26.55 26.51 26.37 25.45 29.05 25.05 00.00 26.42 27.47 28.40 00.00 28.02 26.65 29.84 26.58 28.45 00.00 24.08 00.00 27.65 27.95 28.35 27.08 28.00 24.64 23.95 00.00 00.00 25.15 23.25 24.85 30.00 27.40 25.05 29.46 25.10 27.35 28.47 29.70 26.25 24.95 26.30 25.85 25.40 00.00 22.60 00.00 28.80 00.00

18.85 17.88 00.00 16.57 18.37 18.40 17.52 15.43 16.90 17.96 18.49 16.54 18.85 16.90 16.43 16.41 00.00 17.20 18.05 18.15 17.02 17.11 18.4 19.95 15.80 18.68 15.60 19.56 19.16 17.96 00.00 16.95 16.04 18.70 19.95 18.58 16.13 20.20 16.94 00.00 10.95 19.05 15.05 00.00 16.40 00.00 17.15 16.70 17.96 00.00 19.46 19.75 22.70 16.35 16.12 17.35 17.70 15.85 18.10 18.10 18.02 18.17 17.80

21.40 19.76 00.00 22.06 23.82 22.95 21.77 21.50 23.55 25.95 23.05 21.94 24.05 20.23 21.23 23.35 00.00 23.55 23.15 21.60 14.97 24.54 23.50 25.05 20.45 23.09 21.55 26.36 23.35 22.38 00.00 22.82 20.04 24.55 24.85 24.57 21.70 25.80 23.03 00.00 15.80 23.40 20.23 00.00 21.90 00.00 22.30 00.00 23.55 00.00 25.20 24.20 24.90 20.90 20.23 21.25 21.97 20.83 21.15 21.15 22.05 21.90 22.40

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

5656 5657 5369 5561 6234 6235 4814 5355

A5 A5 C3 D4 E5 E5 B0 Hno95

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

43.06 38.41 40.36 36.48 39.05 00.00 46.72 42.40

00.00 23.35 21.10 20.55 20.25 22.30 23.21 24.08

29.05 23.60 25.10 23.35 25.55 28.80 30.08 28.75

21.10 18.41 17.27 18.40 16.65 00.00 18.42 19.67

Table A.19.10. Measurements of Third Phalanx of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 242 2028 3529 3831 2056 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 3384 6643 6644 1333 7009 2666 3443 1243 6558 6559 6560 6561 7843 7844 7845 7896 7922 7993 5955 5957 7130 7659 7660 6801 6840 6841 6844 1495 1497 5244 816 817 5370 5371 5372 6238 6027

Trench LJP G7 H5 D25 G6 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H6 F24 F24 G11 G24 G7 H7 D25 F25 F25 F25 F25 G25 G25 G25 G27 Hno102 F24 F25 F25 G24 G25 G25 G26 G26 G26 G26 G4 G4 B1 C1 C1 C3 C3 C3 E5 Hno87

Layer 1-4 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 11 12 12 15 15 15 15 16

GL 54.74 54.56 49.10 50.80 48.42 53.79 53.08 53.84 49.97 53.41 43.95 51.50 53.85 00.00 46.89 00.00 57.80 51.92 58.75 55.00 51.00 48.10 53.57 55.65 53.78 00.00 54.88 49.65 53.22 48.55 57.55 54.50 57.25 51.65 53.24 55.75 45.74 59.44 48.87 55.65 60.34 53.60 56.64 55.90 00.00 58.60 52.42

DL 45.87 44.17 42.30 42.25 40.85 47.97 46.20 46.10 00.00 45.71 30.72 44.60 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 47.70 42.59 48.30 50.21 44.36 41.30 47.20 45.05 43.45 00.00 47.60 37.25 46.35 41.11 48.70 45.60 47.92 00.00 46.75 47.95 43.12 00.00 41.44 50.30 49.28 49.14 49.25 46.95 49.20 48.80 45.40

285

BP 17.98 20.24 18.75 17.00 16.29 18.71 20.65 19.06 18.36 18.62 14.96 17.75 19.50 16.90 17.60 17.12 19.93 16.86 19.85 21.00 17.15 14.90 17.75 18.45 16.50 21.55 18.40 16.20 19.95 17.05 18.40 18.15 16.85 16.50 17.70 17.50 16.80 19.52 17.61 21.37 21.83 21.70 20.05 18.30 19.55 18.70 18.05

TP 00.00 34.02 32.90 32.55 30.79 34.69 35.81 32.82 00.00 32.98 25.75 31.15 00.00 31.09 30.90 28.39 37.28 34.27 37.55 38.00 32.85 29.55 35.15 36.00 34.00 40.67 39.40 30.15 35.08 32.15 36.35 36.25 33.10 00.00 33.65 32.00 29.30 00.00 32.00 37.80 00.00 00.00 38.35 34.00 00.00 40.26 34.66

25.12 22.88 22.25 20.34 21.30 00.00 24.12 24.55

Table A.19.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3101 1517

Trench G3 G4

Layer 2 6

GL 25.07 20.08

GB 18.47 22.25

Table A.19.12. Measurements of Mandibular first/second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2417

Trench F25&F26

Layer 3

GL 24.54

GB 16.19

Table A.19.13. Measurements of Mandibular second molar of Boselaphus tragocamelus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 769

Trench I12

Layer 2

GL 24.42

GB 14.33

A.20. Measurements of Bones of Axis axis Table A.20.1. Measurements of Humerus of Axis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1190 1573 1253 5923

Trench F10 H5 D25 B3

Layer 1 2 3 14

BD 00.00 36.37 33.59 37.50

TD 16.63 16.17 16.59 19.50

Table A.20.2. Measurements of Radius of Axis axis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5265

Trench D4

Layer 9

BP 37.25

TP 19.20

Table A.20.3. Measurements of Metacarpal of Axis axis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 328

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

BD 24.12

TD 00.00

WT 10.88

TT 17.09

GLM 33.31 35.50 34.65 32.40 36.22 35.49

TL 18.84 22.85 20.40 19.80 21.68 00.00

TLT 13.28

Table A.20.4. Measurements of Tibia of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 171 351

Trench G10

Layer 1 6

BD 26.78 37.25

TD 00.00 27.66

Table A.20.5. Measurements of Astragalus of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 1248 5864 5246 5919 5995 2502

Trench D25 E27 B1 B3 D6 D3

Layer 3 4 11 14 14 16

GL 00.00 38.91 37.80 36.20 39.40 40.21

GLL 00.00 38.85 37.25 35.76 39.27 38.80

Table A.20.6. Measurements of Calcaneum of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 4644 7078

Trench Hno111 G24

Layer 4 4

GL 00.00 9.70

GB 24.92 30.50

Table A.20.7. Measurements of Centrotarsal of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 339 3746

Trench LJP G11

Layer 1-4 3

GB 32.78 30.33

286

TM 19.28 23.10 20.10 19.90 21.90 21.26

BD 22.51 25.10 22.85 23.25 24.60 00.00

Table A.20.8. Measurements of First Phalanx of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 165 342 343 367 5862A

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP E25

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 4

GL 48.17 43.03 48.90 00.00 40.65

BP 15.11 13.54 17.28 15.12 12.50

TP 21.02 17.54 22.30 16.93 15.55

BD 00.00 12.23 13.95 00.00 11.20

TD 00.00 11.78 13.55 00.00 10.55

Table A.20.9. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 111 365 4640 1808

Trench LJP LJP Hno111 H5

Layer 1-4 1-4 4 4

GL 25.75 29.00 27.60 00.00

BP 14.16 11.76 11.50 13.17

TP 20.63 17.19 00.00 18.15

Table A.20.10. Measurements of Mandibular third molar of Axis axis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3616

Trench C0

Layer 14

GL 23.29

GB 9.30

Table A.20.11. Measurements of Maxillary first/second molar of Axis axis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3683

Trench C6

Layer 8

GL 24.40

GB 13.80

Table A.20.12. Measurements of Maxillary second molar of Axis axis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2171

Trench Hno132

Layer 1

GL 00.00

GB 14.96

Table A.20.13. Measurements of Maxillary third molar of Axis axis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2172 1733

Trench Hno132 G11

Layer 1 1

GL 21.52 22.57

GB 14.96 15.87

A.21. Measurements of Bones of Cervus unicolor Table A.21.1. Measurements of Humerus of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 926

Trench G12

Layer 3

DD 24.17

Table A.21.2. Measurements of Ulna of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 931

Trench G12

Layer 3

BP 30.26

Table A.21.3. Measurements of Tibia of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2202

Trench G10

Layer 3

BD 46.44

TD 36.56

Table A.21.4. Measurements of Metatarsal of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 583

Trench E6

Layer 7

BP 42.04

TP 40.16

287

BD 12.23 9.72 9.60 00.00

TD 18.00 14.58 13.75 00.00

Table A.21.5. Measurements of First Phalanx of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 596

Trench B1

Layer 7

BD 14.65

TD 00.00

Table A.21.6. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2027

Trench G7

Layer 1

GL 39.21

BP 18.43

TP 25.26

BD 14.28

TD 20.22

Table A.21.7. Measurements of Second Phalanx of Cervus unicolor Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 239 2029 2273 3044 2498

Trench LJP G7 E1 H7 D3

Layer 1-4 1 2 4 16

GL 51.03 53.86 00.00 43.28 58.42

DL 45.56 44.84 00.00 35.44 47.44

BP 18.08 17.31 17.27 13.66 19.43

TP 00.00 32.94 31.34 25.14 38.88

A.22. Measurements of Bones of Muntiacus muntjak Table A.22.1. Measurements of Tibia of Muntiacus muntjak Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5404

Trench C3

Layer 15

BD 22.50

TD 16.48

Table A.22.2. Measurements of Metacarpal of Muntiacus muntjak Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3914

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

DD 12.05

BP 17.25

TP 12.32

Table A.22.3. Measurements of Metatarsal of Muntiacus muntjak Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2043

Trench G7

Layer 1

BD 19.11

TD 14.55

WT 8.54

TT 14.17

TLT 11.14

BP 16.26

TP 8.21

BD 13.97

A.23. Measurements of Bones of Herpestes edwardsi Table A.23.1. Measurements of Scapula of Herpestes edwardsi Site INM-1

Reg.No. 5785

Trench Hno75

Layer 12

LG 14.10

BG 8.85

Table A.23.2. Measurements of Femur of Herpestes edwardsi Site INM-1

Reg.No. 2365

Trench G27

Layer 3

GL 74.07

DD 7.54

A.24. Measurements of Bones of Lepus nigricoliis Table A.24.1. Measurements of Humerus of Lepus nigricoliis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 4476

Trench Hno129

Layer 2

BD 10.65

TD 5.60

Table A.24.2. Measurements of Femur of Lepus nigricoliis Site INM-1

Reg.No. 1257

Trench D25

Layer 3

LC 10.52

TC 9.31

288

TD 14.35

Table A.24.3. Measurements of Tibia of Lepus nigricoliis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 565 566 564

Trench LJP LJP

Layer 1-4 1-4 10

BP 25.89 25.89 16.81

TP 21.15 21.15 18.40

A.25. Measurements of Bones of Gallus gallus Table A.25.1. Measurements of Tibia of Gallus gallus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 590

Trench LJP

Layer 1-4

BP 17.19

TP 12.50

A.26. Measurements of Molluscan Shell Table A. 26.1. Measurements of Lamellidens marginalis Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 548 556 555 554 553 557 558 551 549 562 561 560 550 552 3301 1987 1985 1983 1988 1984 1986 7544 2302 3114 3104 2112 2111 2113 2001 2003 2002 1487 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 559 7370 6472 7473 7472 7523 6688

Trench LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP LJP D10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 G24 E1 E2 G3 G6 G6 G6 D10 D10 D10 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 D25 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 F24 F24

Layer 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 57.29 00.00 50.59 81.57 40.01 49.93 00.00 59.70 00.00 25.57 30.09 40.34 63.14 45.36 00.00 00.00 61.22 50.17 00.00 50.28 00.00 43.05 00.00 30.30 47.89 00.00 00.00 00.00 34.35 00.00 45.24 35.83 00.00 40.10 35.72 36.84 00.00 46.83 41.80 36.65 46.60 34.45 81.00 41.65

GB 39.41 36.53 35.54 42.65 00.00 36.18 35.75 35.49 36.49 00.00 00.00 00.00 42.41 31.38 28.85 32.40 39.52 34.05 23.42 36.41 37.21 20.80 38.19 23.44 24.19 36.70 34.21 31.48 26.67 34.70 31.31 17.82 36.57 27.69 26.95 27.56 32.13 33.80 21.55 18.70 23.41 17.27 00.00 19.25

289

BD 10.49

TD 00.00

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7524 6689 6687 7522 7222 7223 3022 3026 2809 2808 7911 2695 3512 1905 1904 1902 1901 1900 1903 2239 2236 2237 2916 2917 1796 1794 1793 1795 6780 6992 6991 6596 6597 7747 547 1874 8149 5886 7151 7150 5045 5044 2492 2493 2485 2983 2984 4125 1522 1521 4154 4153 1852 1851 1850 1849 4495 4496 5159 5110 5112 6371 5314

F24 F24 F24 F24 G25 G25 F10 F10 H11 H11 Hno108 G7 H7 E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 E10 G10 G10 G10 G10 H11 H11 H11 H11 E23 E26 E26 F25 F25 G26 G26 Hno126 G11 E24 E27 G24 G24 Hno119 Hno119 B1 B1 B1 B3 B3 C3 G4 G4 D3 D3 G4 G4 G4 G4 Hno49 Hno49 B2 C1 C1 Hno80 E3

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 11 11 11 12 14

00.00 31.96 63.25 00.00 81.40 44.50 24.28 78.81 00.00 42.13 00.00 00.00 84.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.08 46.16 37.31 00.00 77.14 50.86 57.48 51.51 80.05 34.20 00.00 00.00 59.15 32.80 81.65 36.84 00.00 76.00 00.00 77.25 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 65.87 87.29 62.66 48.17 00.00 86.50 28.25 73.05 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 48.24 73.75 36.30 53.37 00.00

13.50 15.30 37.35 50.80 45.71 21.65 13.46 38.45 18.25 22.71 41.60 30.04 40.55 35.42 32.40 43.18 31.90 40.11 30.00 28.96 32.46 32.54 19.27 19.34 41.37 35.31 36.50 35.17 41.15 17.10 45.65 18.75 00.00 16.60 42.60 00.00 30.22 40.95 34.05 43.30 42.85 33.30 16.79 38.79 39.91 35.86 34.93 41.00 39.05 35.06 44.80 44.25 20.37 37.00 40.23 38.21 39.20 30.55 37.20 38.80 19.98 24.65 51.75

290

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

8161 6347 6346 6345

A1 E4 E4 E4

14 14 14 14

00.00 80.10 86.60 00.00

49.50 40.00 46.20 47.65

Table A. 26.2. Measurements of Digoniostoma pulchella Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 566 5602 4155

Trench LJP Hno84 D3

Layer 1-4 16 7

GL 23.53 16.00 00.00

GB 00.00 24.60 17.85

Table A. 26.3. Measurements of Parreyssia corrugata Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 5294 3298 3297 3300 3299 3296 2952 2951 2950 2949 7063 7061 7058 7062 7059 7060 7388 7389 7390 7391 7542 7540 7535 7536 7537 7541 7534 7538 7539 7543 2301 4024 2829 2828 2830 3023 3024 3025 2804 2805 2806 2807 2811 7365 7347 7344 7343 7349

Trench LJP D10 D10 D10 D10 D10 H10 H10 H10 H10 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 E23 F26 F26 F26 F26 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 G24 E1 G4 D10 D10 D10 F10 F10 F10 H11 H11 H11 H11 H11 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24

Layer 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

GL 36.72 00.00 52.72 27.17 42.45 43.08 28.25 40.56 59.78 51.37 00.00 52.30 43.25 55.35 43.40 58.95 66.26 68.50 43.72 00.00 44.05 53.75 52.75 61.25 52.85 00.00 56.45 43.83 48.45 50.00 00.00 54.45 48.56 00.00 00.00 51.63 50.20 42.09 00.00 00.00 40.83 61.60 52.22 00.00 00.00 39.40 51.12 32.55

GB 00.00 33.48 36.10 20.90 30.05 31.63 22.70 31.12 39.00 33.88 38.80 35.10 32.57 36.35 32.10 39.40 44.85 42.20 29.70 22.60 31.95 36.83 36.65 40.41 39.07 33.75 37.45 31.63 31.98 34.15 35.50 35.95 32.22 44.40 38.98 35.10 32.92 31.46 41.40 47.84 28.03 40.04 34.60 34.30 30.65 29.20 33.47 25.40

291

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7352 7353 7363 7354 7355 7356 7357 7358 7350 7351 7359 7368 7361 7366 7362 7360 7367 7369 7345 7346 7364 7348 6452 6451 6453 6461 6464 6465 6450 6473 6449 6471 6470 6454 6455 6469 6456 6457 6458 6459 6460 6466 6462 6463 6467 6468 7461 7460 7464 7467 7468 7458 7463 7462 7466 7465 7469 7471 7459 7470 6679 7515 7514

E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E24 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 R25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 E25 F24 F24 F24

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

37.47 51.25 37.75 40.30 49.00 46.65 43.40 52.76 25.97 19.88 50.10 00.00 47.20 00.00 39.90 48.24 00.00 00.00 51.60 00.00 29.95 42.70 46.10 00.00 51.50 00.00 00.00 51.05 40.10 00.00 00.00 28.26 26.56 46.90 53.00 33.77 00.00 51.55 62.26 00.00 00.00 00.00 54.80 00.00 00.00 33.40 44.25 62.00 43.26 41.33 45.80 46.55 41.35 38.90 29.90 57.30 00.00 32.05 46.60 00.00 45.80 41.40 28.90

27.85 33.38 27.57 29.67 35.40 32.90 30.27 35.50 21.55 14.60 33.82 29.40 30.55 38.30 27.75 31.86 35.90 25.05 36.10 42.15 21.53 30.00 32.05 38.55 34.40 32.90 40.95 00.00 28.85 39.50 30.65 20.50 19.08 33.85 38.40 24.15 37.10 35.35 41.35 36.36 32.65 42.25 39.03 38.25 43.80 24.10 33.50 39.56 30.20 30.00 30.76 32.00 29.90 29.45 21.77 37.35 35.45 25.10 32.27 31.40 32.50 28.55 21.13

292

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7513 6680 6676 6675 6674 6673 7517 6678 7520 6681 6682 7518 7512 7519 6684 7521 6686 6685 6683 7516 7596 7591 7592 7593 7595 7590 7597 7598 7599 7600 7601 7594 7039 7038 7202 7203 7204 7219 7220 7206 7207 7205 7221 7209 7201 7211 7212 7213 7214 7215 7200 7208 7216 7217 7210 7218 7913 2473 2472 2238 2915 6990 6985

F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F24 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 F26 G24 G24 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G25 Hno108 F25 F26 G10 G10 E26 E26

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

00.00 42.85 55.00 54.95 54.60 68.80 00.00 00.00 00.00 41.55 00.00 41.00 52.40 00.00 00.00 00.00 32.55 00.00 38.00 48.50 39.56 00.00 53.85 45.26 41.80 00.00 51.25 30.55 00.00 34.10 00.00 49.55 51.55 56.82 55.85 40.93 39.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 33.47 27.95 00.00 57.65 00.00 00.00 55.30 44.90 00.00 49.75 00.00 00.00 00.00 45.96 00.00 54.80 41.90 41.88 00.00 41.83 28.80 45.80

33.15 32.80 38.85 39.90 35.05 45.45 35.10 36.35 40.55 29.20 32.45 29.40 39.51 36.10 28.15 36.05 23.30 26.08 29.40 33.90 29.78 39.75 36.56 31.60 30.30 38.22 36.70 23.65 32.80 00.00 27.85 35.85 35.20 37.50 36.94 28.62 28.40 37.00 26.85 22.65 35.65 24.35 00.00 33.00 38.40 36.05 35.20 41.65 32.40 34.49 34.60 35.07 43.49 37.55 31.32 35.20 40.20 29.25 30.57 30.96 29.91 23.80 33.80

293

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

6970 6987 6975 6989 6974 6984 6980 6983 6979 6977 6971 6982 6969 6978 6988 6976 6973 6981 6986 6972 6594 6593 6595 7869 7866 7867 7868 7748 7749 7899 7924 7925 6197 6199 6198 6195 6196 6200 4881 4880 4879 3657 8150 8033 8034 5882 5885 5884 5883 5989 5990 5988 7149 7148 7147 7146 6863 6866 6865 6864 7901 7777 7778

E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 E26 F25 F25 F25 G25 G25 G25 G25 G26 G26 G27 Hno102 Hno102 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno106 Hno107 Hno107 Hno107 Hno127 E24 E24 E24 E27 E27 E27 E27 F25 F25 F25 G24 G24 G24 G24 G26 G26 G26 G26 G27 D4&E26 D4&E26

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

42.70 00.00 00.00 40.20 00.00 56.90 27.30 57.35 33.05 42.05 43.30 56.15 00.00 32.83 00.00 43.10 51.30 50.60 37.80 53.15 44.65 33.40 00.00 57.00 45.35 50.35 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 55.75 50.00 42.00 00.00 41.70 50.10 41.80 43.85 00.00 59.05 35.95 39.79 42.35 00.00 28.85 59.00 00.00 36.65 46.15 00.00 00.00 42.30 44.70 48.80 50.40 44.50 70.80 00.00 51.60 55.22 40.30 38.95 00.00

30.55 37.00 38.00 29.65 44.45 38.00 20.80 38.30 25.50 29.55 29.90 37.35 36.35 25.10 31.35 31.75 35.75 36.05 28.80 38.00 31.30 25.85 34.85 40.20 34.15 35.75 24.95 32.40 27.88 37.50 38.85 37.40 30.40 29.75 28.85 34.53 31.45 32.35 27.55 39.60 26.69 29.75 33.15 32.60 00.00 39.85 23.05 28.85 32.10 29.75 33.40 30.80 32.65 35.05 33.40 31.50 45.90 25.45 36.60 34.90 30.95 30.19 38.30

294

INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

7779 7776 6116 5039 5043 5040 5041 5042 2488 2487 2486 2490 2494 2491 2489 4124 4561 2479 2478 2477 2476 2475 2474 5051 4223 4222 4224 4106 4105 4103 4104 4155 4963 2471 2483 2470 2468 2469 2480 2482 2484 2481 5260 4843 5111 6307 6306 5576 5577

D4&E26 D4&E26 Hno105 Hno119 Hno119 Hno119 Hno119 Hno119 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 C3 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B4 B4 B4 A1&A2 A1&A2 A1&A2 A1&A2 D3 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 E2 E1 C1 Hno81 Hno81 D4 D4

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 15 15

00.00 23.25 38.86 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 35.20 00.00 56.73 00.00 54.72 00.00 00.00 54.96 38.05 00.00 34.79 00.00 44.96 41.45 00.00 44.45 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 29.90 22.98 57.55 00.00 30.30 00.00 49.05 32.04 50.94 55.63 00.00 28.96 36.45 31.37 00.00 00.00 53.25 53.35 00.00 00.00 51.05 00.00

37.15 17.88 27.25 32.10 31.62 42.85 41.20 27.20 44.42 35.14 33.11 38.69 30.60 38.98 38.52 29.30 39.18 26.06 27.90 32.48 29.47 35.42 28.37 41.85 29.50 31.00 34.20 16.77 17.10 30.23 25.70 25.40 45.00 32.82 00.00 36.55 38.49 43.17 21.27 25.95 22.50 26.27 39.55 36.80 35.35 44.30 37.85 35.55 42.90

Table A. 26.4. Measurements of Viviparus bengalensis Site INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 2810 3698

Trench H11 B1

Layer 12 12

GL 25.55 18.75

GB 18.25 14.50

Table A. 26.5. Measurements of Turbo coronatus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3924

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

GL 41.15

GB 38.65

295

Table A. 26.6. Measurements of Meretrix meretrix Site INM-1 INM-1 INM-1 INM-1

Reg.No. 3918 3920 3919 3921

Trench B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3 B3&C3

Layer 8 8 8 8

GL 29.75 34.85 33.95 28.00

GB 25.60 30.25 30.35 24.35

Table A. 26.7. Measurements of Marcia recens Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3922

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

GL 31.65

GB 25.55

GL 31.60

GB 23.80

Table A. 26.8. Measurements of Paphia gallus Site INM-1

Reg.No. 3923

Trench B3&C3

Layer 8

296

SOUTH ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY SERIES EDITED BY ALOK K. KANUNGO

SAA No 1. Kanungo, Alok Kumar 2004 Glass Beads in Ancient India: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1242) Oxford. ISBN 1 84171 364 3. SAA No 2. Kanungo, Alok Kumar (Ed) 2005 Gurudakshina: Facets of Indian Archaeology, Essays presented to Prof. V.N. Misra (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1433) Oxford. ISBN 1 84171 723 1. SAA No 3. Swayam, S. 2006 Invisible People: Pastoral life in Proto-Historic Gujurat (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1464) Oxford. ISBN 1 84171 732 0. SAA No 4. Mushrif-Tripathy, Veena & Walimbe S.R. 2006 Human Skeletal Remains from Chalcolithic Nevasa: Osteobiographic Analysis (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1476) Oxford. ISBN 1 84171 737 1. SAA No 5. Jahan, Shahnaj Husne 2006 Excavating Waves and Winds of (Ex)change: A Study of Maritime Trade in Early Bengal (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1533) Oxford. ISBN 1 84171 753 3. SAA No 6. Pawankar, Seema J. 2007 Man and Animal Relationship in Early Farming Communities of Western India, with Special Reference to Inamgaon (British Archaeological Reports, International Series S1639) Oxford. ISBN 978 1 4073 0062 7.