Lower Umpqua Texts and Notes on the Kusan Dialects 9780231885867

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LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS AND

NOTES ON THE KUSAN DIALECTS

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY Edited by F R A N Z B O A S

VOLUME IV

LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS AND

NOTES ON T H E KUSAN DIALECTS BY

LEO J. FRACHTENBERG

AMS PRESS NEW YORK

Reprinted with the permission of Columbia University Press From the edition of 1914, New York First AMS EDITION published 1969 Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 72-82341

AMS PRESS, INC. New York, N. Y. 10003

CONTENTS.

LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS. Page

INTRODUCTION

I

ALPHABET

5

CREATION

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

MYTHS

The The The The The The The

7

Universal Change Death of Grizzly Bear Origin of the Yakonan and Siuslauan Tribes Big Fire Crow and the Thunder-Bird Girls and the Stars Origin of Death

. . . .

MISCELLANEOUS T A L E S

8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

The The The The The

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

44

Pelican and the Sea-Gull Beaver and the Muskrat Man who married the Bear-Woman Lost Seal-Hunters Dreamer

DESCRIPTIONS OF C U S T O M S

7 14 30 32 34 38 40

AND M A N N E R S

How a Wife was obtained Invocation for Rain Description of a Shinny Game How a Siuslaw House was built, and the Food the Siuslaw ate Setting Traps for Elk

FRAGMENTS

44 48 54 62 68 74

74 76 78 80 84 86

18. The Skunk and the Screech-Owl 19. Coyote and the Two Otter-Women 20. The Grizzly Bear and the T w o Little Birds [v]

86 88 94

VI Page

ai. The Old Woman and her Grand-Daughter 22. The Story of Louisa Smith's Childhood

96 100

APPENDIX

103

23. The Man who married the Bird-Woman (told in English) VOCABULARY

.

103 107

Lower Umpqua-English English-Lower Umpqua

109 128

NOTES ON T H E KUSAN DIALECTS. 1 . N O T E S ON T H E M I L U K

2.

N O T E S ON

ERRATA

Coos

TEXTS

141

(Vol. I of this Series)

150 155

INTRODUCTION. THE following texts were collected on the Siletz Reservation, Oregon, during March and April, 1 9 1 1 , in con junction with an investigation of the Lower Umpqua language, carried on under the joint auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology and of Columbia University. With the exception of the last tale (No. 23), which was narrated in English by Louis Smith, a full-blooded Lower Umpqua Indian, all texts were obtained from William Smith, an Alsea Indian, who at an early age had gained a knowledge of the Lower Umpqua language, and from his wife, Louisa Smith, the oldest member of the Lower Umpqua tribe, — a tribe now practically extinct. The collection of these texts was accomplished under great difficulties, which will largely account for the meagre number of myths and tales contained in them. Louisa's advanced age rendered her practically useless as a narrator. Her memory of old traditions was almost entirely gone, and she had lost the faculty of relating facts coherently and in consecutive order. Besides, her narratives, such as could be obtained, were too much interspersed with Chinook jargon; so that, after having obtained from her part of story No. 18 and an account of her childhood (No. 22), I was forced to resort to her husband's services as a narrator. Since he was not familiar with the traditions of the Lower Umpqua Indians, the following procedure had to be adopted. He was asked to obtain from his wife, through the medium of Chinook jargon, such stories, I—CO!..

UNIV.

CONTRin.

ANTUKOP.

—

VOI..

IV.

2

and in such form, as she could remember, and to retell them to me in English. I then arranged the facts in what seemed to be the most likely consecutive order, whereupon William was instructed to dictate these facts in the Lower Umpqua language, — a task which at times was too much for his limited intelligence. H e too often lost the trend of the story, and wandered away from the subject-matter, leaving out the most important details, and failing to mention the subjects and objects involved in a certain myth. Whenever unable to continue a thought, he resorted to unnecessary repetitions, so that most of the texts that make up this collection seem to be lacking in vividness of description and continuity of thought. T o be sure, in extenuation of William's shortcomings as a narrator, it must be borne in mind that the Lower Umpqua language was not his native tongue. In this manner, after many complications and an unusual loss of time, I succeeded in obtaining the stories numbered 8, 9, 18, 19, 20, and 21, all of which are native Lower Umpqua traditions, and the descriptive texts listed in this collection as Nos. 13, 14, 16, and 17. These represent all the traditions that Louisa Smith could remember with a fairly reasonable degree of certainty. Being anxious to obtain some more texts (not so much for ethnological purposes, as from linguistic considerations), I asked William Smith to narrate Alsea myths and stories, designating some at random from a fairly rich collection I had previously obtained from him in his native tongue. 1 Thus he dictated the texts numbered 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, and 1 5, which are but a poor improvement over those enumerated above. They are wofully lacking in clearness and continuity of description, are full of repetitions and grammatical mistakes, and — being but imperfect translations — 1

It

is

planned

to

publish

these

in a later

volume

of this

scries.

3 do not bring out the points that may have suggested their conception to the mind of the native Alsea. This is especially true of the creation myths Nos. i and 3. Therefore, in order to obtain at least a few texts that would be fairly free from these faults of matter and form, I devised another plan, which proved very successful. I picked out a few Coos texts, 1 dictating them in English by sentences to William Smith, who translated them in a similar manner into Lower Umpqua. Thus I obtained the myths numbered 4, 5, 6, and 7, which, from a linguistic and literary point of view, may be considered the best in this collection. T h e order of arrangement that has been followed in this volume resulted from considering the texts chiefly from the point of view of type and volume of form. Consequently the creation myths are listed first, in spite of the fact that none of them are native traditions; then follow the miscellaneous tales, succeeded by texts that contain descriptive material; after which follow such stories as were obtained in a fragmentary form. The last narrative (No. 23), told in English, has been added to this collection, because this proved the most expedient way of publishing it. The small number of native Lower Umpqua traditions does not permit of making any extensive investigations into the question of a probable concordance between the mythology of the Lower Umpqua and that of the surrounding tribes; but judging from those few that were obtained, and chiefly in view of the fact that Louisa Smith claimed to have heard her own people tell some of the Alsea and Coos stories contained in this volume, it may be assumed with a certain degree of safety that the 1 Leo J . Frachtenberg, Coos Texts (Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, Vol. I, Nos. 2, 5, 8, and 9).

4 mythology of the Lower Umpqua Indians did not differ materially, in form and content, from that of their neighbors. This applies especially to the traditions of the Coos and Y a k o n a n 1 tribes, whose languages show a clear relationship to Siuslaw. 3 The vocabulary at the end of this volume, does not by any means contain all stems and expressions that were ever used by the Lower Umpqua Indians; although it embodies, besides the stems found in the texts, such additional material as was obtained through colloquial intercourse with the informants. The alphabetical order in which these stems are arranged was suggested by Professor Franz Boas, to whom the author is greatly indebted in many ways. The numerals that follow each stem refer to page and line of this volume. A full sketch of the Lower Umpqua language, based chiefly upon these texts, is being published by the Bureau of American Ethnology. 2 SILETZ, ORE.,

September, 1912. 1

I intend to discuss this question in a grammatical sketch of the Alsea, to he published in the Handbook of American Indian l a n g u a g e s (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 4 0 , Part I I ) . * Leo J . Frachtenberg, L o w e r Umpqua, an Illustrative Sketch (ibid.).

5

ALPHABET.

a e i 0 u ä e 1 ö it t ü ii /•:

Like a in shall. Like e in helmet. Like i in it. Like o in sort. Like u in German Furcht. Like a in car. Like a in table. Like ee in teem. Like o in rose. Like oo in too. Like y in Polish ryba. Very short u. Like ä in German wiihlcn. Obscure vowel. C, I, O, H, E Resonance vowels. a' Like * in island. a'' Same as preceding, but with second element long. a" Like ou in mouth. a» Same as preceding, with second element long. «' Diphthong ui. ä' Diphthong at. ä" Diphthong äu. u' Diphthong üi. Velar k. q q! Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. x Like ch in German Bach. k Like c in come, but unaspirated. k! Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. if Aspirated k. d, t Sonants and surds difficult to distinguish; surd not aspirated. t! Like t, with very great stress of explosion. t' Weak explosive /. f Aspirated t. s As in English. c Like sh in English she. ts As in English sits. tc Like ch in chunk. ts/, tc! . . . Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion.

6 is', te' . . . p p! /, m, n . . . II L U

8

' h, y, w '

Weak explosives. As in English. Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. As in English. Palatal /. Like / in English lure. Spirant lateral, pronounced like the combined ch in German. ich and the / in English lure. Surd lateral, pronounced very much like //. Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. Glottal catch. Aspiration whose palatal or velar character depends upon thecharacter of the vowel that precedes it. . . As in English. Stress accent. Pitch accent.

CREATION MYTHS. I.

THE

UNIVERSAL CHANGE

(A/sea).

1

One day (Coyote) said to his people that he was going to assemble many people. "We shall have fun." So everywhere he sent word to all people, (instructing the messengers thus:) "You will tell (them that) on such a day many people will come together from everywhere." And, indeed, thus (the messengers) did. To each place there came a messenger, saying, "Many people are going to assemble." And, indeed, people did thus, and assembled. And after a while all the messengers returned. Waa'a°tsmE ants L.'a/ai hltc. He speaks to his

those

TEmaD'yun ants L.'a'" hitc.

many people.

He will assemble those them

many people.

K.'exu'tc L.'aya'tc waa'Qn ants hltc L.'a'ai.

"Hu'tctani." "Play will we."

Each to

place to

he says to

those

people

many.

"Llwa'ntuxtci, 'Tclnt tsxayu'wi tEmu'tux L.'a'ai hltc klexQ'nE.'" "Tell shall you,

'On such

a day

assemble shall

U

1 wan ha'nhan sEatsa'tx hltcu'u.

Then finally

indeed

thus do (pi.)

5 tE fa'kut!wi hitu'tc. this gatherer (of)

people.

thus do (pi.)

K.'exu'tc Llaya'tc waa'un

people.

Each to

place to

u

"TEmQa'wax ants L.'a'™." "Are going to come together

ha'nhan sEatsa'tx hitcu'wi. indeed

many people every from.'"

people.

those

many."

Then finally

u

f wan tEmu'tx hltcu'".

Then finally

assemble

people.

wan ku'ya'tsacL!a'ai ut tcln ants Lia'ai hitc L!0wa'x. finally

after a while

says it

f wan

then return those

"1 Then

many people messengers.

1 A myth probably common to the Siuslaw and Alsea Indians, since Louisa claimed to have heard it related bv some of her own people.

[7]

8 Thus was each messenger told: " In ten days we shall start from everywhere." A n d the messengers related it thus: "In ten days they will come." Glad were the hearts of the people who were going to assemble. They kept counting those days, for they were going to have much fun. They were going to shoot at the target, and they were going to throw up bundles of tied grass and spear them in the air. T h u s people were going to play, as soon as those days should pass. And that chief (Coyote) said, "Many will come. M a k e ye your minds strong. Don't be continually down-hearted!" u

wan waa'xam s E atsi'tc: " Kix E s tsxayu / w i

f

Then

finally

(he) is told

thus:

qa'tc E ntux

klexu'nE

Liaya'nE."

start will

each from

place f r o m . "

messengers:

" ( I n ) ten

days

lnxan wan

then we

finally

(excl.)

1 wan

u

u

days

U

ants L!°wa'X: * KIXES tsxayu' w i those

ten

"(1°)

Then

s E atsi'tc

Llwina 1 '

thus

relate

finally

tnx LI'utux."

then they

come w i l l . "

Tsltu' wi tc

ha r

ants

L!a' ai

ants

tEmua'wax

i.!a' ai .

G l a d (is) their

heart (of)

those

many (of)

those (who) a

to assemble intend

many.

T h e y keep on counting u

TslL!atü'

tsxayu' w i .

ants

Ka'Lxesun

those

Yä 'xa'

hutcu' wi

Much

fun

days.

ya a 'xa'

L!a' ai .

u

f

hamxa a 'nl

many

people.

And

made of tied

Shoot (pi.)

qa'xuntc

hakwa'yu'nE

upwards

it is thrown

hutcu'" L!a' ai .

u

L!a' ai . they (will have).

ants tsEha u 'ya that

grass

qa'xuntc

tu'tca'yutnE.

S E a'tsa

and

upwards

it is speared.

Thus

Ku'ya'tsacL!a / a i "i smu't^tux ants tsxayu' w i .

many.

Waa''

ants

m a a'tl,

"Li'utux

L!a' ai .

TE'xmlsitci 1

Says

that

chief,

" C o m e will

many.

Strong continually let be your

A f t e r a while

then

end

1 0 Kumi'ntc E tci qa'xantc ha u 'wlslti ha' !"

'

Mis-heard

of LI:x"m

downwards

for

1

then

f

play ( p i . )

Not you

U

IE'xmisitEtci

will

those

days.

haH hearts'.

make contin- hearts'." ually your STRONG CONTINUAI.I.Y ( L E T ) HE YOUR . ,

STRONG; -IS durative; -Uitci possessive suffix for 2d per. pi.

Consists

9 At last those ten days came to an end. They were looking out for the multitude that was to come. And finally they came. Many people came and began to play. Different games they played. They were shooting at the target, and were playing shinny. Those who came brought with them all kinds of things. "We shall play different games." Many games were to be indulged in. And people kept on assembling, and began to play. They were shooting at the target. Then (Coyote and his aide) said "} wan smut'a't' ants tsxayu Then

finally

ends

that

ants

Lla'ai

Li'utux.

those

many (who)

come will.

"}

wl

And

day.

win

Then finally

ya'quhisun

"J win

Ll'utx

now (they) watch continually (for)

hltcu'" ants Lla'"

come (pi.)

people

those

many.

Yaa'xa' hltc Lla'»' Ll'u. "i wan hutca'tx hltcu'". Nlctcama1'Many

people many

come. Then finally play (pi.) 1

nat'E hutca'tx hltcu'". (games)

play (pi.)

people.

L!a'ai.

Shoot now (pi.)

many.

Hai'mut

L!a'ai

tE'q

hina'yun

All

many

something

bring it

" Nlctcamai'nat'an} "Different (games) we (incl.) w 2

come (pi.)

many.

play will."

So

now

much

playing

tEmu tx

now

assemble

1

those (who)

hutca1'

wan u1

Shoot now (Pi.)

people

ants Li'utx hltcu'" Lla'ai. yaVxa'

"1

TclL!atO'

many.

win

And

people.

Play shinny (pi.)

"t

will be done.

hitcu'".

Different

PEku'u L!a'ai.

hu'tctux."

xnl na'a". s

people.

TclLlatu'"

(Pi-) Lla'ai. they.

"t wan

hltcu'".

And

people. E

now

hutca'tx play (pi.)

"ta"x

s atsl'tc

waana wa.

Then they two

thus

talk to each other.

This form has been used instead of tstUatu'*. The narrator frequently substituted a c for an J, owing chiefly to the fact that his native tongue (Alsea) has no true alveolar spirants. 1 Louisa claimed that xniwna'tarn would have been a more appropriate form than xnWnota". 1 Note the frequent recurrence of this phrase. Such repetitions will be met with throughout these texts, and constitute a characteristic trait of William Smith's mode of narrating a story.

IO

thus: "Whoever has a strong mind shall be first." Thus the two chiefs talked to each other. And the people were shooting at the target, while others kept on assembling. And the contestants were shooting far. Thus the games were started. Then those two chiefs said, " W e two are going to play. All kinds of games we shall play. W e shall play a great deal." Thus said to each other the two chiefs. " W e two shall play all kinds of games." All the people put feathers on their heads. "Watc

tE'xamtc

ha'\

"Who

strong his

mind,

waana'wa

a'ntsux

talk to each other

hltcu'". people.

1

sEi

so

he

U

maa'ti.

those two

first

L!a'ai.

and

far to

hl'qla't

ants

L!a'ai.

A'nts u x

maa'tl

start now

those

many,

Those two

chiefs

Each consisting o f

Waa''muxwa u x

those

chiefs,

tca u x waa''muxu ants maa'tl. talk to each other

those

fun

something consisting of

ants maa'ti.

T a l k to each other they two

tns

(Pi-) S E atsa u 'Thus

waana'wa u x. talk to each other they two.

Klexu'ni tE'qau ni hatca1' xnlwnl'wyuns." 2

" A r e going to play we two (incl.).

u

Assemble

shoot.

wax

they two

they two

TEmu'tx

they.

intend to

"Hu'tcawans.

Thus

(Pi-) "i qa'ha'ntc tsiiJa''.

f ants tclL!atu/u 1 shoot now (pi.)

S E atsl'tc w ax

shall b e . "

Shoot now

u

And those (who)

pEti'tc'tux."

TciLlatu'« 1

chiefs,

And when

do it will we two" (incl.).

" Hu'tctuns ya a 'xa." " P l a y will we two (incl.)

much." (adv.)

S E atsl'Thus

"Kle'xu'nt tE'qan/ni hatca1'

chiefs,

xniwnl'wyun."

" E a c h consisting of

something consisting of

fun

then we do it will." two (incl.)

Hai'mutEnx la''qat skwaha!'tx xwakl' ants All they

1

This form

stituted a c for

feathers

has

heads

been used instead of tsilJ.atu'".

those

L!a many.

Kfli Al-

T h e narrator frequently sub-

an J, owing chiefly to the fact that his native tongue (Alsea) has

no true alveolar spirants. - Instead of

stand on their

xnimm'wyun'ris.

11

the fun was almost at an end, that other chief said thus: "Now we shall play another game." Thus said that other chief. So not long afterwards they quit. Then the other chief said thus: "You will assemble (here)." And, verily, they obeyed, and assembled around him. "You will play (thus). Whoever likes that feather, he shall try it on." So the feather was put on (some one); but as soon as this was done, that person lowered his head. "It is heavy, I don't like it." Thus said the man on whose head (the feather) was placed. And whenever one did thus, people would shout at him. Then Wild-Cat put it on, and almost

xyal'x smu't'a ants L!a'ai hutcu'". most a

ends

m a'ti

u

chief

then

t

that

great

U

1 Lxauyaxaa'nl ants

fun.

Then

"Hainan!

hu'tctux

wa"tux."

Atsl'tc

says. u

"Differently we Q

play will a

again."

Thus E

that

other one

ts yax

"tnx

hau'.

(did)

so they

5 Lxauyaxan'nt people. i

chief.

"Assemble shall you." U

maa'ti.

that

chief.

1 win

Then u

ants

wanted it

that

assemble

u

is put on

t txu kwa' hu nt.

and just

10 waa' would say w

xnl' na. does (it).

he lowers his head.

ants he (whom) U

long

thus

Atsi'tc

waa'

ants

Thus

says

feather,

sEatsa'tx

indeed

thus (do) (pi.) u

that

Tc!na'ta

"Play shall you.

so

Whoever

Hu'tctuxtci."

it would be put on (by him).

Play shall you."

H'yatsl'tsun

feather.

ants ta''qat

(One) would put it on

that

not I

feather

S E atsi'tc

"Ki'k'It, kumi'ntcin si'n^yun." "Heavy (it is)

that

ha'nhan

la''qat, "1 h'ya'tsIsutnE.

want it."

Thus

hitsi'xamlmE.

Lhail'txa"'nE

ants

s E a'tsa

it was put on.

Is continually shouted at

he who

thus

1 waha'ha a n

Then

Not they

" Hu'tctuxtci.

people.

t wan hltsl'xam ants la^'qat.

And now

Kwlnx ya'tsa s a'-

finally

1 wan tEmu'tx hltcu' .

Then finally n

sl'n xyaxa n u

that

"TEtnu'tuxtcl."

quit.

ants

other one u U

hltcu' .

that

waa'.

waa' ants Lxa yaxa 'ni ants m a'tl. says K

another one

again

h'yatsl'tsun

h'ya'q",

is putting it on

Wild-Cat,

waha'hun again

12

succeeded in walking a little ways ; but it was too heavy. "It does not fit you." Thus she was told. Then Bear put it on, and began to run -, but he only climbed a tree. Then he was told thus: "It does not look nice on you." So he slid down again, coming back along the creek. And when he came back, (he was told,) "It does not fit you." Then another person put it on. Wolf put it on and started out. He went up a hill, but ran down quickly. And when he came back, he said, "How can any one travel (with that thing on) in a rough place?" Thus he h'yatsi'tsGn.

4 txu x y a l x f s k ' ì n qa'tc'nt qa'ha'ntc.

h e is p a t t i n g it on.

T h e n just

yux u .

* Kumfntc

too.

"Not

hitc. s man.

ui

Bear.

And

hì''sa

nàte." 1

good

on me."

h'yatsftsun. is p u t t i n g it o n .

he climbs

u p to

chief.

Thus

he slides

"t

xwlLla'L!.

"Not

just

h e slides

nl'x a tc."

hp'sa good

thee on."

haya'na

h'yatsi'tsQn.

different (man)

is p u t t i n g it o n .

Wolf

Qa'xuntc

txu

qa'tc'nt

ckò'tcl'tc.

Upwards

just

he goes

hill l i k e .

Lxati't.

ut

tci'n

ut

h e runs.

So

he and returns

1

O u g h t to be nfx^tc

2

As

points.

In

elk-antlers; animal,

and

the

the

thee

on."

Inqla'ltcix. c r e e k to a l o n g .

ut

waha'ha f l n

Then

again

h'yatsi'tsun

ut

qa'tc'nt.

is p u t t i n g it o n

and

goes,

U1

qanistci'tc

Then

xwlLla'L!

down like

he

returns

waa', "Nl'ctci tEx xt'ntmis hitc mlk!aQ', says,

"How

(I) wonder

travels always

person

b a d in,

ON THKE, o b j . p e r . p r o n o u n for 2d per. s i n g .

Siuslaw

original

good

downwards

"Not

that

Thinks continually

SLOXU'X"

"Kumi'ntc

ants

Cl'n'xyatlya

txu

Q!a'xa u xt

in

Lxati't

A n d is r u n n i n g

qanistcl'tc

he returns,

that

"Kumi'ntc hl''sa nl'x a tc."

he is told.

T h e n he c a m e b a c k

told

ut

tree t o .

Atsi'tc waa'xam.

ants

is t o l d

xa't'nt qa'xuntc Iqatuwiyu'stc.

just

Heavy

waa'xam

Thus

Bear

SLOXU'X" xwiLla'iJ, So

Atsi'tc

again

txu

Ki'kit

far off.

waha'hun

ants m'a'ti. that

he goes

tllya 1 '

Then

t!l.

almost a little

language,

version

the

this

different

Alsea

m y t h loses m a n y of its salient

people

are told to try o n a pair of

a n d , if the antlers d o not fit a p e r s o n , that person is c h a n g e d into an the

name

given

to it is i n d i c a t i v e of s o m e characteristic m o t i o n

f o r m e d b y that person in the e n d e a v o r to k e e p on t h e antlers.

per-

i3 said, as he took it off. So he was told thus: "You shall be nothing. Wolf shall be your name, you shall always travel in the mountains." Then Cougar was told to put it on. He put it on, raised his head, but lowered it frequently. "Hey! it does not fit you. Cougar shall be your name. It does not look nice on you. You shall just walk around everywhere, trying to look for food." Next Deer put it on, and began to run around in all directions. "It looks very nice on you. Deer shall be your name. People will always eat (your meat)." Finally Elk put on that feather. People were shouting, as that L.'aya'?"

S E atsl'tc waa', ®t win

place in ?"

Thus

he says, and

aqa'qa a n.

finally

"t s ' a t s f t c

he takes it off.

"Not thou

xfntmls tnit." travel wilt

ftya'tc't Cougar 5

u

always."

thing,

fi'nlnx. name thy.

waa''xam

ants

iftc t.

Waha'ha'n

is told

that

Cougar.

Again

u

f win h'yatsftsun »1 txu tca u 'k'at, now

he is putting it on

"Hey,

not

good

"1 win kumfntc hp'sa nl'x a tc. And

now

not

good

place on travel shalt always.

(Wilt) try to begin to look for, thou

food."

t waha'haMn h'yatsi'tsun tsa'sqln. again

is putting it on

Llaya'tc ants tsfsqan. place to

that

Deer.

Deer.

Just

Just thou

Begins to try to run good

each on

Lxa'tatc'ist klexu'tc

"Tsi'klya hi''sa ni'x'tc. "Very

Cougar

Txu'nx klexu'

thee on.

fitlaya'."

he raises his head,

Txu ft'tc*t

thee on.

Ya'xatc'ist K nx

Then

and just

"He, kumfntc hp'sa nfx a tc.

Llaya' xfntmls. u

IO

name, mountains in thou g

"i

is patting it on. Then

begins to lower it frequently.

Wolf thy

Then

h'yatsftsun.

i kwa hu na't!ist.

but

some-

l

thus

waa'xam: " Kumfntc'nx tE'q, q!a'xa xtlnx tin, cko tcl'tc m nx he is told:

u

Then

each to

Tsfsqnlnx

thee on.

Deer thy

ftn. H'ya'tc E nx fi'tlisuts txu." "1 win waha'ha°n h'yatsl'tsun name.

People thee

eat will always

i.imna /, q ants Ja''qat. Elk

that

feather.

just." Then finally

Hatftx hltcu'«. Shout (pi.)

people.

again

is pntting it on

Klexu'tc Llaya'tc Each to

place to

H

E l k began to run about in all directions. E v e n on bad places he succeeded in running. People shouted at him, "It looks very nice on y o u ! " T h e n the chief said, "It fits you v e r y well. Y o u shall always carry it. Your name shall be Elk." H e was not merely standing (still), he kept on walking in all directions. " E l k shall be your name. People will always eat (your meat)." Now here the story ends. 'Tis the end. 2.

THE

DEATH

OF G R I Z Z L Y

(It happened) long ago.

begins to try to run

that

BEAR

Wa''

H e is continually shouted at.

Elk.

Even

"Very

(A¿sea).

good

L.'aya' uf Lxata''.

ml'kla" bad on

" T s l ' k l y a hi[/sa nl'x a tc."

Lhah'su'nE.

kept on shouting.

T h e world was very bad long

ants L t m n a " q .

Lxa'tatc'ist

People

thee o n . "

place on still

ui

waa' ants m a a'tl,

Then

says

that

"Tsl'klya

hp'sa

ni'x a tc.

Qnl'xts E nx

xfntmlsun.

"Very

good

thee on.

Thou

carry it shalt always.

'qa'nx h'nlti." thy

skwaha''.

K!exu'tc

Llaya'tc

just

he stands.

E a c h to

place to

"Elk

Sqa'k wan hawa''.

2.

THE

Elk

txu

ttLimna/'qaInx

finally

Limna'-

Not

he goes frequently.

There

chief,

Kumfntc

name."

5 qa'tc'natlya.

he runs,

it ends.

DEATH

thy

frn.

H'ya'tc E nx

name.

People thee

Hatt'tx

hitcu' u .

Shout (pi.)

people.

OF G R I Z Z L Y

fr't.'lsuts." eat a l w a y s will."

Smlt'u'' wan. It ends

BEAR

1

finally.

{A/sea).

Wa'nwlts.

Tsl'klya

ml'k!a

wa'nw!ts

Lla'ai.

Klexu'

L o n g ago.

Very

bad

l o n g ago

world.

E a c h on

1

A n Alsea myth told by W i l l i a m Smith in the L o w e r Umpqua language.

Grizzly

Bear seems to have been looked upon as a very dangerous animal by many of the Northwest destruction

Pacific coast or

is made

tribes.

In

their

mythologies

he

either

meets

with

utter

the scapegoat of the tricks of some other animal (see I eo

J. Krachtenberg, C o o s Tales, in Columbia University Contributions to A n t h r o p o l o g y , V o l . I, p. 9 0 ; E d w a r d Sapir, Takelmn T e x t s , in University of Pennsylvania An thro-

15 ago. A

Everywhere

bad

was

person

was

devouring

out hunting,

it w a s s o ,

and

devouring

them

Grizzly

long

this w a s

(the

people).

ago.

tried

to

find

some

the

How

chiefs

can

Llaya'

we

^

place on

of

then

that

kill

sEa'tE

1

Grizzly

Whenever

So

remedy.

Grizzly Bear must b e killed. And

of

a

they

(They

man

came

all

went

region

him?

said,

He

together that

together.

"We

are

very

sorry.

be

killed

by

means

cannot

L!a'ai.

SEa'tsa

hi'q!aq!yax

world.

Thus

it started

such

Many

agreed)

That's why they came

long ago.

h'ya'tc

t'tla'yun.

Bad

person

devoured (them).

wa'nwtts.

Hltc

paa;/Ln

qatc'na'',

"t

s"is

Llxmal'yus

long ago.

Man

to hunt

goes,

then

he

would kill him

Yaa'xa'

hltc

ptna'tx

har

Many

people

sorry their

hearts

would devour him.

Swat *

wa'nwlts.

M'ya'kla

fitli'yus.

Grizzly

fala'yun

hltc

devoured

people

Lla/ai many

"I

tEmu'tx

for that.

So

assemble (pL)

Sfn'xyu'11

xaLla'uhx.3

Tstm

xawa'a".

people.

Desire (pi.)

be made his.

Always

killed he shall be.

A'tsa

tEmu'tx

hltcu'u.

"1

waa''tx

win

matlyu/u

tE

now

assemble (pi.)

people.

Then

say repeatedly

now

chiefs

(of) this

L!a'ai

"Pfa'ntxan

har

tsi'klya.

Nfctcanl

tEx

xawa'un?

"Sorry our (excl.)

hearts

very.

How we (incl.)

doubt

kill him?

xa'wit

tsliJl'tc.

A'tsan

uln

die negative

arrow with.

That's

why I

*

kuml'ntc

»t

That's why

wan

not

"1 and

s^'na.

hltcu'u.

kumfntc

it:

Bear

B e a r w o u l d kill a n d d e v o u r h i m .

p e o p l e were sorry because of that. and

the cause

region, 4 For

sl'n'xyun

not

want it

pological Publications, Vol. II, No. I, p. 123). Similar tales are also recorded among the Alsea and Molala. — Grammatical notes to this story are given in the texts accompanying my Lower Umpqua, an Illustrative Sketch (Handbook of American Indian Languages, Vol. II). 1 1 J

The obscure vowel has been inserted here for reasons of a physiological nature. Compare Coos iwat, and Alsea sutn. Literally,

MANY

DESIRE

(THAT)

HIS

HABIT

(OF

KILLING

PEOPLE)

STOPPED.

* Singular instead of plural.

Should have been a'tsanran

"tn.rau.

SHALL

KE

i6 of an arrow: hence we do not want to kill him with an arrow." Then finally some one suggested to go and see how Grizzly lived, and to invite him (to come here). So some one went to look for him. And (the messenger) who arrived there (said to Grizzly Bear), "You, too, are invited to come to the playgrounds;" but Grizzly was not willing. So the man went back, and upon returning related thus: u He does not want to come." Thus the man related. Lots of fun had the people who had come together. And the man who was to go (again) was told thus: " We won't give up. When he is dead, then we will give up." Thus it was repeatedly claimed. Then finally a man was told to go (again). tsiiJl'tc L!xmaya'a u ." arrow with

how

u

f wan waa'tx hitcu'" kllnk'ya'a"

killed he shall be." this lives.

k't'u'wi.

Then finally

Thus

1 win LllLlwa'xam.1

Then now

altwa'wanx

he is approached.

fun to (of)

J tca'xa D t U1 tci'n ants hitc.

So goes back and goes home

a'mhatc ha1." willing his they (of)

that

man.

u

mind."

Thus

"Klaha'yu'nanx, "Invited art thou,

Kumi'ntc a'mhatc ha'. Not

willing his

U

that

assembly.

Then

mind.

t s E atsi'tc L!wa°n : " Kumi'ntc

And

relates

tEmuu'wi.

to look

Llu'un.

thus

relates:

S E atsi'tc Llwa'n ants hitc.

ants

go (pi.)

He got there.

place to."

U

they will go and see (fut. pass.)

f wan qa'tc'ntx k!tn-

Then finally

hutcu u 'stc Liaya'tc."

also about to, thou

people

u

he will be invited.

U

for him.

L!a'ai

say (pi.)

SEa'tsa tu'na'a".

nl'ctca tE ta'.

A very

that

"Not

Ya a 'xa' hutcu'"

man.

Much

fun

ants sFa qa'tc'ntux.

1 waa'xam is told

that

"Kuml'ntclnl

ana'xyun.

Ats

xa'utux.

"Not we

give it up will.

When

he die will

u

who

lnl

go will.

ana'xyOn."

then we give it up will."

Atsl'tc L!onl'txa"'nE. Thus u

it is frequently said.

l wan iJoxa'xam waa'xam ants hitc.

Then

finally

is sent

is told (to go) 1

that

man.

Namely, Grizzly Bear.

S u kwl'tc tsinqlt Very

poor is

*7 poor man it was who was sent. "Speak to him kindly, don't tell him anything bad. Tell him thus: ' W e want you to come here. W e are going to have lots of fun.' Thus you shall tell him. Don't tell him (anything) bad. He is shrewd and very bad." Finally that man went, thinking (a great deal) in his mind, for he was very much afraid. (And when he came to Grizzly Bear, he said,) ' I come here as a messenger." (He then told Grizzly Bear his mission and departed. Not long afterwards Grizzly's friends visited him, inquiring of the messenger's mission.) One of them said, "What did the (man) who came here say to you?" — "He said nothing. I was simply told ants hltc iJoxa'xam. that

man (who)

" W s a n x Llwa'nisun. Kwi'nx ntctcl'tc

is sent.

"Well thou

Not thou

iJwa'nlsunanx s K ata'tc.

ijwa'nlsun ml'kla'na. keep on telling him

keep on telling him.

badly.

Keep on telling him thou

what like

Sfn'xyunan-

thus.

Want him

xan

Li'utGx

tSu'ts.

Tsi'klyanxan

sfn'xyun

hutca'a".

we

come shall

here.

Very we

want it

Atsl'tc'nx

iJwa'nlsun.

KwT' nx

LlwS'nlsun

fan shall be (h*i).

ml'kla'na.

Thus thou

keep on telling him.

Not thou

keep on telling him

badly,

5 Ya^xa'tc ha'1,1 tsl'klya mi'kla." Much his

mind,

very

bad."

Ha'tci'tc cfn'xyatiya ants hitc. His mind kind of

thinks repeatedly that

man.

ta'kln

Liu'."

4

win

wlfwa'',

this I

come."

Then

now

he affirms,

ants

Ll'uyax ?"

that (who)

came?"

E

2

— —

8

»1 win qa'tc'nt ants hitc. So

Kumt'ntc 'Not

finally

goes

that

man.

Wtnx tsl'klya.

*Ll°wa'xan

He fears

"Messenger I

8

very.

Ntctcl'tcKnx

wa a 'yaxa Q ts

"What thee

told you he-thee

ntctcl'tc

wa'a'f.

Txun

anything

he says(neg.).

Just I

Llona'yutnE s atsl'tc: 'Klaha'yu'nin.'

Atsl'tcin Llona'yuts.

am told thus: 'Invited am 1.' Thus me tells he-me. "He is foxy." 1 Here the narrator has lost the trend of his story. Upon the departure of the messenger, Grizzly is evidently asked by some friends as to his mission, whereupon he gives the answer that follows. 1

2 — C O L . UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. —

VOL

IV.

i8 (that) I am invited (to some games). Thus he told m e : 'People want you to come very much. That's why I came here as a messenger.'" (After a while another messenger was sent to Grizzly Bear, requesting him to come at once.) Then (Grizzly Bear) said thus: "Will anything be given to me if I come?" — "Nothing was said (about that). People are just playing, and that's why you are invited to come." — " Y o u tell them thus: ' H e wants something. If something be given to him, then he will come.' Thus he tells you." (The messenger related Grizzly Bear's words to his people.) And one man said thus: "He is shrewd. He 'Tsl'k.'yanx sl'n'xyun Llwa'wax. 'Very they

Liu'.'"

want it

intend to come (thou).

S E atsi'tc waa''. 1

come.'"

Thus

S E atsl'tcin

—

L!a' .

"Not

S a'tsa

ai

E

many.

Thus

5 Llwa'nis:

2

tell continually:

"Something I anything

Just

come shall."

Thus thee says

S atsi'tc si'n'xya, The

" S atsl'tc E nx " T h u s thou

something

he be given,

1

U

then

S E atsI / tc E nx waa'yuts."

E

1

play (pi.)

E

When

something.

tells he-thee."

1 s atsl'tc waa' ants al a q hltc.4

Thus

—

now

' H e wants

" T x u ya a 'xa ; tc ha'\ 5

E

thus

Txu wan hutcu' u

is said.

art wanted

am

Ats tE'q waxa'yExavim, 8

finally he come will.' Then

this I

be given

tanx sfn'xyutnE Ll'utux." — this thou

this I

'Si'nxlt taqa''na.

wan Li'utux.' U

messenger

"TE /l qln waxa°'mE ta'kin k!aha'-

he says.

yu'nE?" — "Kumfntc nlctcl'tc wa a 'a a tnE. invited?"

L.'°wax ta'ktn

Thus I

he desires,

that

one

man.

"Just

much his

nl'ctcim s as kl'xa'yun tE hitc. E

because

he

kills

narrator lost again the trend of the story.

these people.

mind.

A'tsa That's

T h e messenger has evidently

once more approached Grizzly Bear, from whom he receives the reply that follows. 2

These are the instructions given by Grizzly Bear to the messenger.

3

Probably mis-heard for wa'x*yaxa
'sa. Qní'xts E nx xní' w nlsün, ta'hxan hüteü 1 '." Stlm ta'ls ants hite. u E Kuml'nte ya'tsa, t nx ha'ütüx ants pEkü' wi L¡a' ai . Ya a 'xa'nx nleteama i 'nat'a hüteü' wi . MF.q!yü' wi Lla' ai . " Ya'q u hísütsan1 5 xan hl''sa, qnl'xts E nx xní' w nIsün. B Hank! tclkte ha r s ants ul hite ants hüteü'"' ants ya'q ya. K ü ' yá'tsac L.'a'3', uí ha'ütüx. Ha'ütüx ants pEkü' wi Lla' ai . Ha'üwanx wán u ai u E ants pEkü' L!a' . f s atsl'te waa'yütnE. "Qa''x E nx a'l dü u E t nx ya'q u hltüx. Ya a 'xa'nxan hüteü*', kumi'nte B nxan a u 'sll. 20 Tsi'klyanxan hr'sa. S E a'tsanxan xni' w nE." W a r yá a 'xa' u u a u E hite, t haiü' . Ya'q his nx hp'sa."

Tel'nta u nietea1' ants hite, ut fhati'yusnE. S'a'tsa xniwnu'u ants L!a'ai. Ya a 'xa' Lla'ai tsi'iJl. Ya a 'xa> L!a'ai pitqutsu'nl taha'nlk, hlqu'n! taha'nlk, tliyu'ni taha'nlk. Nic1

F o r yaq"sya'wiix.

- L i t e r a l l y , KIND OK SOMEWHERE (IS) HIS MIND.

71

deal. Whatever he was dreaming of, he always saw it (come true). So thus he was always thinking: "I guess it is as I dreamed it." Whatever he dreamed of, he always saw it (come true). (One day he dreamed that an elk took him to a certain place.) He saw there many people. He saw lots of fun going on there. Although that place was very large, still it was always full of people. And that man saw many players (engaged in) shinnygames. And somewhere (else) he heard many people, (and, looking, he saw that) the heads of those people were kind of falling (to one side). Many were betting. Lots of dentalia shells those shinny-players had as their bets. They were betting all kinds of things. That man intended to go there and look on. All the shinny-players (had their hair tied in) knots. Many people were shouting, as those players were betting all kinds of things. So that man was going to watch there. He was told, "You shall always watch well, (for) you too will do it, as we here play." The man kept on staying there. Not long afterwards they were going to finish that shinnygame. They played many different games. They danced much. "You shall keep on watching us well. You too will do it (thus)." That man was kind of glad as he watched those games. After a while it was going to end. Those shinny-players were going to quit. At last the shinny-players quit, and he was told thus: " At night you will likewise watch. W e play much, we do not sleep. We are very glad when we can do thus." Although many were the people, still they were shouting, "You keep on watching carefully!" Whatever a person did, he would be shouted at. these many people were doing. They had very arrows, and quivers made of raccoon-hides, and quivers of wildcat-hides, and quivers made of bear-hides.

Thus many made They

72

tcama' / nat , E hütcü'u L.'a'ai. MEq!yQ'u L¡a' ai . S E ánx tsi'k!ya Llxü'yün hOtcü'11, a'nts E nx tcl'ha'tc xwa'ka. Stim Lla' ai /wi u u E hutcO . Tütí'm t mEq!yü' Lia'»'. S atsí'tc waa'yü'nE u ants hite. Kwlnx yá'tsac Lla' ai , ^"nx tca'xwltüx." Kumí'ntc 5 híste ha r ants hite. " Ha ¡/ müt E nx wán takwa'kü u n, ta'nxan hütca''. Qna'nxan ya / q u hisüts, wa'' ya'tsa." Atsí'tc wa'a 1 sü'nE ants hite. "Tca'xwitünx." "i wán tca'xa a t ants hite.

XwìLla'd wán ants hite. Lxa^p'st tsxayü' w i xwída'L! ants hite. Lxa i p'stya''tü U1 wàn tci'n hitsí'stc ants hite, i o Atsltc waa' ants hite. "Wa 1 ' ya'tsa, 4n ma'qlís." 4 s ai waa'a n ants hite Lla' . "TEmü'tüxtcí nàte ha^mut. Yaq u 'U yl' w yütsatcí haya'müt, nì'ctcìmìn mEqlya'wax." 1 wán u ai tEmü'tx hltcü' ants Lla' . "t wán mEqla'tx hltcü'u. «t wán waa' ants hite. " Mítkwi'tütsln tsxay u wa'wl. 1 S E a'tsanl 1 5 xnl' w nls. Wa' ya'tsa "tn s K a'tsa xni' w nís. Tsl'klya his tE'q tà'ktn lakwa'kün. W a ' n l klexü'tc L!aya'tc xfntmls, u E i nt xni'wnlsítí. Kumí'ntc E nt qwàte ko'nlsüts. TE t qa u na'nt ia'kwísün, s E a'tsa hl^slnt ha ¡ \" Tsltü' u tc ha r L!a' ai a'nts E nx tsì'mqmatc. u i E nx wán s E a'tsa xní' w nE. Hl'stc ha'\ W a ' n x 20 klexü'tc daya'tc u l E nx xi'ntma'st. "Tci'ktcl hütcü'', s E atsa'tci xnl' w nís." S E a'tsanx a'nts E nx xi'ntma klexü'tc iJaya'tc. "Haya'müt h'yàtc xnl' w nlsün, tanxan hütcü'witi." Wa' 1 ya'tsa ^ n x s E a'tsa xwi w 'nls. 8 Tcì'nanx wán hitsí'stc. "tEnx àL hOtca'tc hp'sa.

25

Sqa'k wán hawa''. 1

That is, " T h e Sun had pity on me, and taught me how to play shinny."

73

were playing different games. They were dancing. They knew very well how to play, those whose heads were one-sided. Many played there, while over there (across the room) many danced. And that man was told thus: "After a while you will go back." That man was not glad (when he heard this). "You have obtained now (a knowledge of) all (the games as) we play them here. We will watch over you forever." Thus the man was told continually, "You will have to go back." Then at last that man went back. So that man returned. Five days he was (on his way) going back. On the fifth day he finally came back to his house, and said thus: "I shall keep on dancing for a long time." Then he said to many people, "Ye all will assemble around me. Ye all will watch me, for I am going to dance." And then many people of that region came together. After they had danced, that man said, "The Sun had pity on me.1 Thus we shall keep on doing. We shall keep on doing thus forever. I have obtained (a knowledge of some) very good things. Although we shall frequently travel everywhere, we shall keep on doing (these) our (tricks). No one will ever beat us. We shall always win something, so that we shall always be glad." Many of those his people were glad. So then they did it thus. He was glad. They began to travel around everywhere. "Wherever ye play, ye will keep on doing thus." Thus they were travelling around everywhere. "All people will keep on doing it, (just as) we here are about to play our games." Thus they kept on doing (travelling about) for a long time.2 Finally they returned home, for now they were playing well. There now it ends. 2 For example, they visit many villages, where they play shinny, winning from their opponents all kinds of valuables.

74

DESCRIPTIONS OF CUSTOMS AND 13. How

A WIFE

(Lower

WAS OBTAINED

MANNERS. Umpqua).

Wâ'nwîtsaxax Lla'yax. Kumî'ntc txu qïutcûnya't hltc. TExmîTmà Llxû'yû'nE yâ a 'xa'tc tlâmc. S E a'tsa xnï' w nû'nE wâ'nwîts, yâ a 'xa'tc tlâmc hltc. Hatc'ï'yûsnE. " Nîctcï'tc E nx h a ' ? Sî'n'xyûitxanx tlâmc." K u ' yâ'tsa wï'iwïi ants ha5 tc'a'yûttx ha'. " Kumî'ntc E nx txu tluha'ûltxanx tlâmc." E S atsï'tc hatc'a'yu'nE ants tExmî'l'mà yâ a 'xa'tc tlâmc. u i wàn wïfwa'' ants tExmîTmà. 14 Nîctcï'tcîn tEx nà wa'a's? Tsa'ntcî tû'ha sî'n'xyûn, "Itcî hatc'a'yûî ha'', nîctcï'tc 1 ha'\ Kumî'ntcîn nà nîctcl'tc wa'a 1 ! pEÎî'tc s E a''na." Atsï'tc waa'' 1 0 ants tExmîTmà. " Hatc'a'yûnatcî, tsa'ntcî sî'n'xyaxa 0 n uItcî hatc'a'yun." Atsl'tc waa'' ants tExmîTmà. "î wàn s E atsi'tc waa'yusnE. " H a " , wa'nxan 8 hatc'a' w un.''

u

u î wàn hatc'ï'yusnE ants qïûtcû'nî. Nîctcï'tcïnx ha'' ? TExm"wa'nînx sî'n'xyûts. Atsl'tc waa''tx tâ'kïnx mîtà.

15

A'tsanxan qïûtcû'nî,

tE hatc'a'yuts n

ha'tc'yaxa ltx ha

txu ïakwa'a". qïûtcû'nî. vûsnE. 1

qnà." r

u

Ku'

nîctcl'tc wï'Iwït ants

ants qïûtcû'nî. a

Tuha'a nx yà 'xa."

"Kumî'ntcEnx

A t s l ' t c waa'yusnE ants

K u m î ' n t c txû ta'kwïs qïûtcû'nî wâ'nwîts. Hï'qla

Contracted from

waxa'yûsîmE nîctcïlc*tc.

E

a'nts tc

mîtà 2

ants

Tuha'qïûtcû'nî,

Contracted from wa' nF" n.xati.

75

D E S C R I P T I O N S O F CUSTOMS AND MANNERS. 13. How

A WIFE

WAS OBTAINED

(Lower

Umpqud).

(In the days of the) first settlers a man did not obtain a wife for nothing. (Suppose) it were known that a certain old man had many children. Then thus it was done long ago to a man who had many children. He would be asked, " W h a t do you think? Your child is wanted." He whose opinion was asked would not answer for a long while. "Your child won't just be bought of you (cheaply)." Thus that old man who had many children would be asked. Then at last that old man would answer, "I wonder what I shall say! If ye want to buy her, ask her what she thinks. I will not say anything (without having) first (talked to) her." Thus that old man would say, "Ye ask her; since ye want (to buy) her, ye (will have to) ask her." Thus that old man would say. Then at last he would be told, "All right! we are going to ask her now." So finally that woman would be asked, "What is your opinion? A man wants you. Your father has been telling us all the time (to ask you). That is why we are asking you." That woman would not answer anything (at first), the woman who was asked her opinion. "You will not just be bought (cheaply): you will be bought with a great deal (of valuables)." Thus that woman would be told. (In the days of) long ago a woman was never just obtained (cheaply). She used to be bought. The father of such a woman would be given dentalia shells, — very pretty, long (strings of) dentalia shells. (No matter)

76 tsi'kiya his hatca't hi'qla. Tci'nt E tc ya'xa" tE'qtc ants qlutcu'ni, °f ha^'mut waxa'umE. Atsi'tc waa'yu'nE ants qiutcQ'nl. "I wàn wrtwa1'. Lna u 'wltc ants hltc "1 mi'nqlinu'nE tsax u . "t wàn wrtwa'' ants qlutcu'ni. Kumi'ntc txu wi'fwrt.

5

S ^ ' t s a xnI w nl'yusnE. Kumi'ntc txu ta'kwlt qlutcu'ni wà'nwitsax. Tuha'yusnE tsi'kiya yà a 'xa. S E atsl'tc wà'nwitsax nictcima'mwax. Hìtc st'n'xya qlutcu'nya, "1 s E a'tsa xnI w nl'yusnE. Sqa'k wàn ata's hawa''. Qlutcna'' hltc, "t yà a 'xa' tE'q waxa'yutsmE. S E atsi'tc wàn ata's.

14.

INVOCATION FOR R A I N

(Lower

Utnpqua).

K!u x wina ! 'tx Lia' ai . Ya a 'xa' u'ftl Llayu's. Na'qutyax x ai L.'a'", k!u wina'' L.'a' . Ku' ni'ctca qa'tc^lt ants Lla' ai Pa'l'u ata's qatcu''txa n tnE. Haya'mut h'yatc qatcu''txa s n. W a ' ' ya a 'xa' hltc, "t sqa'k qatcu''tx. Tci'wa ut k!u x wina i ' Ku' ni'ctca tcaitci'tc ni'ctcrt ants tiyu' wi . Qa u xa , / x k!u x wi15 niyu's qatc E natu' u ants hltc L!a' ai . uf wan tExmil'a'mi u Llxu'yun ants wa'nwitsaxax nictctma s mu. t tquh'yusnE ants tdxnl'nE, ut tquftyusnE a'l'du ants tsxu'npLl. Lanatli'yusnE, "Tcixnl'nE, tcixnl'nE, hl'n s k!ltsx Lla' a i ! Wa'a's tE mo'luptslnlsla! 1 Hfn'klltsxats Lla' ai ! Nakwa'yatyanxan, 20 nEqu''txanxan ya a 'xa." uf wan tanatli'yusnE: "Tcixnl'nE, tcixnl'nE, hi'n s k!itsx i,!a' ai ! Mo'luptsinisla 1 hi'n e k!itsxats 10

1

Alsea term for COYOTE.

77

how (large) the number of relatives of that woman, all (of them would be) given something. And after the woman was told thus, she would agree. When the man (who wanted a wife was a) kind of rich man, she would be bought in exchange for slaves. Then she would (readily) assent, for a woman in those days did not assent for nothing. Thus it used to be done. An old-timer did not obtain a woman for nothing. She would have to be bought with a very great deal (of valuables). Such was the custom of the old-timers. When a man wanted a woman, it would be done thus. Now here only it ends. When a man married, he had to give away many of his valuables. Thus only (was it done). 14.

INVOCATION FOR R A I N

(Lower Umpqud).

(Suppose the) ground were covered with ice, and that there were much snow on the ground. (Suppose) it were very cold, and ice (had appeared). (At such a time) the people were not able to drink (water). They could drink (water) from the well only. All people had to drink from it. Although many were the people, still they had to drink there. But then ice would begin to appear on the water (of the river); and those who lived there could not go anywhere. Along the surface of the ice those many people (were forced to) go. But then (at such times some) old man would know that (ancient) custom of the people belonging to the past. (He would tell of it to his people.) And Coon would be shouted at, and Coyote likewise would be shouted at. He would be called by name, "Coon, Coon, cause thy rain (to come down)! Speak to Coyote! You two cause your (dual) rain (to descend)! We are in straits, we are very cold." Then (again) he would be called by name: "Coon, Coon, cause thy rain (to descend)!

78 Lla'aii» uj hi'n s k!ya L!a'ai. Haya'mut h'yatc ha'ntnit!un. S ^ ' t s a u fa u x tquh'yusnE, ut wan hin'klya^tx Lla' ai . S E a'tsa ui tqutu''nE ants tkwa'myax ants Inqla'a 1 .

Sqa'k wan hawa''.

15.

Smit'u1' wan sqa'k.

DESCRIPTION

OF

A

SHINNY

Ta'kin Llxu'yun.

GAME

(A/sea).

QiunEma'' L!a'ai pEku'ya xaLla'' L.'a'ai. K!lx tE'q xaLla'yu'nE ya a 'xa. TSI'LII L!a'ai UT xaLla'yutnE. S E a'tsanx xnl' w nE tE L!a'ai tlyu' wi . Pakwa ! 'tx hitcu' u tE Lia' ai . K!ix Waana'wlsa u x tE'q xunha'yu'nE ants pakwa''tx hltcu'". a 1 ants m a'ti. "Hp'sans hu'tcls. Hu'tcyans, "Ins his hu'tcls. 10 Atsl'tc E nx wa'a'siti tst'mqma." Atsl'tc w ax waana'wa a'ntsux hl'qlya pakwa'wax. Wl'lwls ants Lxa u yaxa n 'ni. "His wan tsl'klya. Atqa'tc E ns Llaya' ta', a'tsant kumi'ntc ml'kla'na sin'xna'wis, hu'tcyanf." 8 Atsl'tc w ax waanawa'' a'ntsux pakwa'wax hi'qiya. Hiq!aha n 'ni ants xu'nha' ha''tsl. Atsl'tc w ax 15 waanawa'' a'ntsux hl'qla'tyax p u kwa''t. s K!ix tE'q U1 xu'nha' hawa'yu'nE. PEsa'x L!a'ai u t xu'nha' hawa'yu'nE ants pukwa'' * Lia' ai . S K a'tsa xnl' w nls ants L!a'ai a'nts E nx pukwa''. W a t c Llxu'yun Lxatu' wi , u t s E a tsi'klya kunu'tswa pEku' u s Liaya'. S E a'tsanx xnTwna'' a'nts E nx tEmu'yax. Qa'Lxisun 20 w i n a'nts E nx s E a'tsa xni' w nE. K!lx tE'q U1 xunha'yu'nE. Qal'tc Lla' ai "1 xunha'yu'nE ants pukwa''tx 5 hltcu'". S E a'5

1 Contracted from hu' tcyaxans. •1 Evidently an Alsea participial form in -/. 4 pukwa' for pahwa1'.

5

Contracted from

s

For

pakwa-'tx.

hu'tcyaxant.

79 (You and) Coyote cause ye your (dual) rain (to descend)!" Then at last it would rain. All people believed in (the efficacy of this formula). Thus they two would be invoked, until it would commence to rain. Thus it was shouted, whenever (ice) closed up the rivers. Now there it ends. It is the finish. Thus I know it. 15.

DESCRIPTION OF A SHINNY

GAME

(Alsea).

In the winter-time people make many shinny-sticks. All kinds of things are made in great (quantities). Many arrows are made. Thus the people do. (Suppose) many people are playing shinny. Then all kinds of things are bet by those who play shinny. Then the two chiefs (of the two opposite teams) continually say to each other, " W e two will play well. While playing, we two will play well. Thus each of you keep on saying to your people." Thus they two say to each other, — those two who are about to begin to play shinny. The other (chief) always assented. "Now it is very good. W e two live at one (and the same) place, that is why we shall not desire to abuse each other when we play." Thus they two say to each other, — those two who are about to begin to play shinny. Nothing but dentalia shells they bet, for thus they had said to each other, — those two who had started to play shinny. All kinds of bets are made. Many salmon-spears are taken as bets when they play shinny. The people who play shinny are doing thus habitually. He who knows how to run, that one always beats (the people) badly in a shinny-game. Thus they do whenever they come together. Finally those who act thus count (their winnings). All kinds of things had been put up as bets. Many knives were bet when the people played shinny. Such was the custom (of the people) belonging

8o tsatc nictcima'm0 L.'a'»' wa'nwltsaxax. ulEnx wan ku"nawa''. Waa''mxu'saux sEatsi'tc. "Hr'sans hu'tcls. Kumi'ntcEns ml'kla'na hu'tcls, hu'tcyans." 1 Ya'tsac Lla'ai uiEnx wan hawa''. 5

SEatsi'tc win ata's. 16.

How

A SIUSLAW

SqaHc wan ata's hawa''. HOUSE

THE S I U S L A W

ATE

WAS B U I L T ,

{Lower

AND T H E

FOOD

Umpqua).

Qa'wa'aDnx ta', uiEnx xa.L!a''tx hits!'1. Ilqe>'yusnE ants L!a'ai. "1 taqlaqaa'nitc hits!''. U1 skwaha'yultx tEqyu'" ants hits!''. Hawa''styax, ui klix tE'q skwaha'yusnE qa'wtnti. "t qaux ma'tcun tEqyu'utc ants hits!''. Su'qu't'ax ants u io hits!'' xaLll'yusnE. Hawa''styax, t tkwlha'yusnE. Tkwlha'yuhx qawuntl'yuwitc ants hits!''. S E a'tsanx ta'. Qa'ha'ntc qau'xuntc Llha''tx hltcu'u. Kfl'nwat ants Lla'ai ants hits!'' tcl'kyax Llha'' tE hltc. Su'qu't'ax xaiJi'yusnE ants hits!''. S E a'tsanx ta'. Afqa'tc Llaya' ut cinax hits!'' xaL.'a'yu'nE 15 La'pqa't'ax. S E a'tsa tIyQ'wi tE hltc wa'nwltsaxax L!a'ai. K!exu' Llaya' sEa'tsa tlyu'wi. Qa'tltc tlyu'wi "1 a'ldu sEa'tsa.

Ll'u fkii'a'tc qa''utcEnx ta', ulEnx ya a 'xa'tc li'tla'. Llxu'istcEnx ants it'i'a' ulEnx ya a 'xa a'l du. utEnx f'tla'yun qlu'nEm. utBnx 1'tla'yun tE ya a 'xa. S E a'tsanx xnl'wnE qlu'nEm 2c ants tiyu'wi. Kwin a'ldu "iEnx i't.'a'yun qlu'nEm. ut ts'yanx 1

Contracted f r o m

hu'tcyaxans.

8i to the past. Finally they (the betters) would win. And the two (chiefs) would keep on saying to each other, " W e two habitually will play fair. W e two will never play roughly while we are playing." After a while they would quit. Now thus only it was. Now there only it ends. 16.

How

A SIUSLAW

HOUSE WAS BUILT,

THE S I U S L A W ATE

AND THE

FOOD

(Lower Umpqua).

(Suppose some Siuslaw) lived at the mouth of the river, and were (going to) build their house. (Then first) the ground would be dug out. Houses were made of some kind of boards. Then the frame of that house would be stood up. A s soon as (that frame) began to be ready, then all kinds of things would be placed on both sides; and on top (of the dug-out place [?]) they would place the frame of that house. (The boards of) that house would be fixed so as to join •, and when (the walls) were almost ready, they would be covered with earth. That house would be covered with earth on all of its sides. Thus they lived. In passing out, people (would climb) way up, for many of the houses had ladders whereon the people passed out. (Sometimes two or more) houses would be joined together. Thus they lived. On one place three houses would be built adjoining (one another). Thus the people belonging to the past lived. Everywhere they lived thus. A n d those who lived across the river would do likewise. Whenever they lived near the mouth of the river, in the bay, they had lots of food. They had dried salmon, and likewise (dried) fern-roots, which they ate during the winter. They ate fern-roots (mostly). Thus the people did during the winter. Tidewater-weeds likewise they ate in the winter. And skunk-cabbage, too, was eaten in the 6—COL.

UNIV. CONTRIB.

ANTHROP.

VOL.

IV.

82 a T d u t'tla'yii'nE qlu'nEm. P!iy u xu'n a ' l d u f'tlayu'nE. E 1 S a'tsatc fl'tla wa'nwitsaxax Lla'yax. Ha''ku' L!a' ai U1 u f'tla'yu'nE, u i hlms a ' l d u f'tla'yO'nE. t a T d u qo'min f'tla'yu'nE. Qiu'nEm pi'tsisya ha'qa'' ants hami''tci, U1 a 5 ya 'xa'tc t!'yas E yu' wi hawa'' qlu'nEm, ants hami / 'tcl ha'qa''. Wa'' ya a 'xa' ants hltc, ut ha''mut hamitcu' f'kwa''. uf s E atsa ut histc ha r hawa''tx ants tiyu' wi , ants hami''tcl ha'qa'', nl'ctcim tll'sa'nanx iltla'wax. Wa'nwltsax hl'tcax tsi'klya ylkt, ants haml' l tcl ha'qa 1 '. S E a'tsatc nlctcima E mu wa'n1 0 wltsax hl'tcax.

Wa'nwitsaxax hl'tcax nictcíma s mütc. 1 M E yo e k u s ta''yax Llaya'. S E a'tsa f'tla'' tE ta''yax. Q¡Exa u yuwItIta' uf tqa u 'wltc taya''. Ha''müt tqa u 'wltc taya''tx hitcu' wi , uf it'la''anx xaya''. Qlütcü'ni L!a' ai U1 mlkü' u it'ía'a'. S E a'tsanx t'kwa^tx 15 ii'tla®. Lxwíyü''txanx It'l'a 1 . Stím taya'' Lla' ai tqa u 'wl. u E T c l k hawa'' ants it'l'a', l nx qa'utca''. Tsl'mqmatc uiEnx paLnl'tx, tqa u wi'tcyanx 2 qa'ha'ntc. Ts'ha'yünanx ants Limna''q, u t E nx Lxü'yütsmE. Qwátc Lixü'yün paLnu' wi uf s E a'tsa xnl' w nE. Yá'xa'tx ilt!aT ut tcExwa''. S E a'tsa xni'wnE L!a' ai . 20 utEnx qa''utc tEm u wa''. Y a a ' x a ' hite tiyü' w ' L¡a' ai stím. U Qlü'nEm 1 ha'qa'' haml"tcl. W a r yá a 'xa' hite, UJ tEmuwa'' sqa'k, ants ha'qa'' ants haml''tcí. S E atsa xnl'wnE wa'nwitsaxax L¡a' ai hí'tcax. S K a'tsa xnl' w nE tE tiyQ'wi Lla' ai . 1 u PlctcEma'wax hlqlya ', í ftt!a''tx hítcü' wi faq u waa'. S E a'tsa 25 tíyü' wi L¡a' ai wa'nwits.

Sqa'k wan hawa''. ' T h e following was offered as an amplification of the preceding chapter. • Contracted from tqa"wi'tcyaxanx.

»3 winter-time; also kinnikinnick-berries were eaten. Such was the food of the people belonging to the past. Lots of mussels were eaten, and also clams were eaten, and likewise quahogs. When in the winter a whale came ashore from the ocean, then they stored up (made ready) lots of its grease, — in the winter, when a whale came ashore. No matter how many the people were, still all obtained (some of the fat of the) whale. That was why those people became glad whenever a whale came ashore, because they (knew that they) were going to eat grease. To the people living long ago it was a very great (boon) when a whale came ashore. Such was the custom of the people living long ago. The custom of the people living long ago was such. 1 In the beginning they lived at (a certain) place. Thus they ate when they lived. During the salmon season they lived up the river. All people lived (then) up-stream, catching salmon. Many women cut (open the) salmon. Thus they used to obtain food. They used to dry salmon right there where they lived, up-stream. When the salmon was gone (ready), then they went (back) to the mouth of the river. Some of their people hunted habitually, having gone far up the river. They killed elk, and dried their (killed game). Whoever knew how to hunt did it thus. When their food (accumulated) greatly, they went back. Thus many did. Then they assembled at the mouth of the river. Many people lived there. In the winter, whale (sometimes) came ashore. No matter how many were the people, still they would assemble there when a whale came ashore. Thus people living long ago did. Thus did those who lived there. When summer was about to commence, then people used to eat herring. Thus they lived long ago. Now there it ends.

84 17-

SETTING

TRAPS

FOR

ELK

(.Lower

Umpqua).

Wa'nwitsax L.'a'yax itqa'yOsnE ants L!a'ai, tclk txa'ntc ants Llmna''q. Xa'tslu hitc itqa 1 '. Tclk ante tqa i ''tu L°wa'' txa'nl'tc, ut stimk Itqa'yusnE ants Lla' ai . Qanistcl'tc Itqa'yusnE y f k t a . Xa'tslu hitc iJxu'yun s E a'tsa. Wa 1 ' u E w 5 ya'tsa "ta x s a'tsa xni' nE a'ntsux ya'tqa°n ants Lla' ai . Kumi'ntcux ya'tsa xlTxcItx 1 a'nts^cx" 2 yatqa'a 0 . Ha u w a'u w nl'yusa x wan a'ntsux yatq Llaya'. Kumi'ntc ax txu a't a q xiTxcyun s E a'tsa. Tcl'kyac L!a'ai u ta u x xiTxcyun xa'tslun. Xa'tsluntc ya'xa 0 a'nts'tcx" s yatqa'a 0 . Ku' ya'tsac Lla' ai u uw i o "ta x ha a'nl'yus a'ntsux ya'tqa°n ants Lla' ai . S E a'tsa xni' w nE ants Lla' ai tlyu' wi wa'nwitsax. 1 1

Mistaken use of the modal -itx. By metathesis for a'ntsitca"x.

Should have been

xi'l-xcyulsmE.

«5 17.

SETTING T R A P S FOR E L K

{Lower

Umpqua).

People living long ago used to dig holes in the ground where an elk (left) its imprint. (Sometimes) two people dug a hole. Wherever a log lay across (the road, in a position) similar (to that of elk-)tracks, there a hole would be dug in the ground. It would be dug very deep. Two men (it took to) know (how to do it) thus. For a long time those two who dug the hole in the ground did it thus. Then not long afterwards they two fixed their (dual) hole. At last they two finished, those two who were digging a hole in the ground. Not just one hole they two made this way. Sometimes they two would make four holes. Then the number of their (dual) holes would be four. Not long afterwards they two would finish, those two who were digging holes in the ground. Thus many people living long ago (were in the habit of) doing.

86

F R A G M E N T S .

18.

THE

SKUNK

£k!anu'k u na'wa"x,

ut

AND

THE

pinqa''.

(Lower

SCREECH-OWL

Umpqua).

W i ' n x a a n tsl'k!ya tE pEni's.

qaw u nti'tc w ax

win E xna'wa.

£k!anu'k u

ut

WinExmEq!a''tx

ha''qmas Liya'wa. Tsi'k.'ya wi'nxa°n ants pEni's tk!an u wa'k u . tk!anu'ku 5 ptna''. hitc

pinqaya'

Lk!anuwa'ku

tsi'klya. ut

ut

L.'xu'yun

xaLla''

hl'sa

tqaqa''txa Q n

hitu'tc.

wi'nxa Q n

ants pEnfs.

tk!an u wa'k u

pEna's,

Lnau'wi

sEa 1

hitc

ants

Llxu'yun ml'kla

ants pEni's.

iJxQ'yun

£na u ' w i

tk!an"wa'k u .

£ k ! a n u ' k u ya'q u 'yun a'ntsux mEq!a''tx ants pEni's xa'ts! u wa u x. 2 io

tc w ax

ut

pEtl'tc

mas Llya'wa tE "Kumi'ntcFnx

tk!anu'k u

tk!anu'k u . ut

q! u ha'ttEx.

15 ants

ut

s E atsi'-

waana'wa,

PEnfs ants

q u Ll'mt ants pEni's.

Tcanhati/mxutxaux

ya'tsa

ptna''.

tk!anii'k u .

timni'tc.

Lnau'wi

Lqa'qanx

Ants

hitc

s E a'tsyax

ptna'st

ut ut

ants

mEq!a''tx

ha''q-

ut

Ln'tun

ptna 1 '. tk!anu'k u

si'n'xya."

"t

ut

S E atsl'tc

waa'. waa''

ci'n'xyatlya a q a ' w a x .

ut

s E atsi'tc w a a ' ants tk!anG'k u . " K u m i ' n t c E n x ptna''. t q a ' q a ' n x ata's.

tqa'qanx

Tsi'mwax

pEni's tsi'k!ya"x ' Should have been 1

The

si'n'xya."

s E atsi'tc

sudden

ut

waa''

C i ' n ' x y a t l y a ants hitc a q a ' w a x . aqa'waux.3

x a u ' si'n'xyun

Lxa u yaxa s 'ni

ants

ants ptna'st.

sca''na.

introduction

of t w o

skunks

i n s t e a d o f o n e c o u l d not b e

explained.

87

F R A G M E N T S .

18.

THE

SKUNK

AND T H E

SCREECH-OWL

(Lower

Vmpqua).

Screech-Owl was dancing the medicine-dance. She was very much afraid of the Skunk. They two (Screech-Owl and Skunk) feared each other, mutually they feared each other. Screech-Owl was continually dancing alongside of the fire. Screech-Owl was very much afraid of that Skunk. She was (trying) to cure a man by means of the medicinedance. He who was sick was a rich man. Screech-Owl was afraid of that Skunk, for she knew he was very bad. ScreechOwl knew that Skunk very well. Skunk was continually breaking wind at the rich man, and Screech-Owl knew that. Screech-Owl saw that those two Skunks 2 were continually dancing. They two were clubbing each other's anuses, saying thus. Skunk (doctored) first, and Screech-Owl second; and Screech-Owl was continually dancing near the fire. A rich man was sick, and (Screech-Owl) was fanning the ashes. She did thus for a long time, and said (to the sick man), "You are not sick, you want to pass wind." Thus ScreechOwl said ; and that sick man was continually thinking of running away. Then (again) Screech-Owl said thus: "You are not sick. Your passing of wind only (is sick). You want to pass wind." (Still) that man was continually thinking of running away. Always they two (Screech-Owl and the sick man) were saying thus, — that they two were going to run away, for that Skunk and another one desired very much that that sick man should die. 3

Contracted from

3 Also recorded among the Alsea. • That is, Coyote and the twd Otter-Women.

9°

tEx t'kwa'yun ? Tci'nta" yi'kt'tc mi'ck'la 1 s E a ufn qi'utc hawa'yun. S E a'tsa u xin ya'xa°t mi'ck'la 1 ." TcKni'tcitanx u l wan t nx tca'xa a t. Kwi'ya u x y a ' x a ^ mi'ck'la 1 ants qiutcu'ni. "i E nx w i n tcl'n hitsl'stc, u ta u x s E atsi'tc waa'a a n ants qiu5 tcu'nl. "Ml'k u tuxts It'iaya'. Mahciwa'waxan 1 Liya'wa." " i a ^ w i n wi'tut ants qiutcu'ni. ut maitci'ust ants tExmu'ni. Mikwa'wa u x 8 ants qiutcu'ni. H a w a ' ' s t x s ants u u u i-iya'wa, ta x xa'tca'wa x * ants qlutcu'n!. Qa u fi'u ants Llya'a n . Skwaha'xam ants xa'tca'a 0 . Xatka'' ants Liya'a". u i o t ya'q u 'yut mi'ck'la 1 ants qiutcu'ni. Tca a n ants qiutcu'ni, xa'tkast. Ats "t yaxi'xut tcu'x u s ants qiutcu'ni. uf waa'' ants Tsxu'npLi. "Ni'ctca k u tE cuqwa'an tE ha'kwatlya ?" Cuqwa'an hawa'yun, wa' ca'yatc. Nltsa''tx ants ca'ya. 1 u Wa ' ca'yatc t cuqwa'an hawa'yun. Xatca'ya u x ants qiux 5 tcu'ni, yaxi'xula u x tcu'x u s ants qiutcu'ni. uf s E atsi'tc cl'nxa't. u Y a ' x a a n 6 ants qiutcu'ni, uf mEkct tcu'x u s." ut atsi'tc cl'nxit.

Yaxi'xut

ca'ya

tE cuqwa'an tExmu'ni. 2 0 winxi'xut

ants

tE ha'kwat!ya? ?

T'lxa't

a

wa'a tsmE

ca'ya

ants qiutcu'ni.

"Kumi'ntcln ta'is. qiutcu'ni,

tExmu'ni

ants

misi'a .

f wan yaxi'xut ca'ya ants u

t sEa

U

u

t tsl'klya

E

1 ants qiutcu'ni s atsi'tc ci'nxit.

1 qwa'xtcist tci'watc. 1

u

ants tExmu'ni.

Aqa'waxan."

U

" N l ' c t c a ku

ants waa''.

Lakwa'kutsmE k K a'ni ants U

J q!a'H mi'ftctstutsmE

"Aqa'wans,

u

f

kuml'ntc his tu tEx-

The narrator evidently meant to say mattca'waxan. Contracted from mikwa'waxaux. 5 The use of the modal -tx in this passage is incorrect. should have been used. 1

1

The suffix -Titsml-.

9i much. "I wonder which one I shall take! I will make that one my wife whose vulva is large. That is why I (want to) see their (dual) vulvas." They were going homewards now, (and still) he did not see the vulvas of those two women. So then they came back into the house, and he said thus to the two women: " You will cut salmon, while I am going to build a fire." Then those two women assented. So that man began to build a fire, while those two women were about to cut (salmon). When he finished building his fire, those two women began to roast (salmon). That fire (was kept up by means of) bark, (and upon it) the roast was placed. (Soon) the fire fell down (flat). Then he saw the private parts of those two women, (as each) woman fell (on her) back (trying to dodge the fire when) it began to fall. At that time he saw the vulva (of each) woman. Then Coyote said, "What may (cause) this roast to fall down frequently?" He called it "roast," although it was his penis. Then his penis became stiff. Although it was his penis, still he called it "roast." As these two women were roasting (salmon), he was looking at their (dual) vulvas. So he thought thus: " I see the (one) woman, and her vulva is fat." Thus he thought. (Then one woman) perceived the penis of that man when he said. "What may cause this roast to fall down so frequently?" Then she saw the penis of that man. The penis of that man had teeth. And the woman was very much afraid of his (penis), and was thinking thus: "I will not stay (here any longer). I am going to run away." So that woman took her basket, and began to go down to the water. Then (upon her return) she kindled her pitch, and said thus to her older sister: " We two are going to run away. That man is not good: he has too large a penis." • Contracted from

xa'tca'ivaxaHx.

i

Contracted from ya'xa~