Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок)

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Министерство образования и науки России Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет»

Э.И. Муртазина, Э.З. Фахрутдинова

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (Логистика и управление цепями поставок) Учебное пособие

Казань Издательство КНИТУ 2013

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УДК 802:338.24 (075) ББК 81.2 Англ.: 65 (075) Муртазина Э.И. Logistics and Supply Chain Management (Логистика и управление цепями поставок): учебное пособие / Э.И. Муртазина, Э.З. Фахрутдинова; М-во образ. и науки России, Казан. нац. исслед. технол. ун-т. – Казань : Изд-во КНИТУ, 2013. – 168 с. ISBN 978-5-7882-1434-4 Цель пособия – развить навыки использования профессиональноориентированного английского языка в сфере логистики, научить студентов высказываться, используя лексические и грамматические шаблоны. Пособие содержит теоретическую часть, практические задания, а также дополнительные тексты и задания для самостоятельной работы студентов. Предназначено для занятий с бакалаврами 1-2 курсов по направлению 080200.62 «Менеджмент», профиль подготовки «Логистика», по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». Рассчитано на студентов бакалавров, магистров, аспирантов экономических и технических специальностей, а также на широкий круг лиц, интересующихся английским языком. Подготовлено на кафедре иностранных языков в профессиональной коммуникации. Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Казанского национального исследовательского технологического университета The course attempts to enable students to use the English for specific purposes, i.e. in the sphere of logistics, through developing the following skills: oral practice, oral composition, oral and written grammar exercises, translation exercises.

Рецензенты: д-р пед. наук, доц. Д.Р. Сабирова канд. пед. наук, доц. О.А.Николаева ISBN 978-5-7882-1434-4

© Муртазина Э.И., Фахрутдинова Э.З., 2013 © Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет, 2013

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ ...........................................................................................5 БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС Unit 1. INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS...........................................6 Text Logistics ............................................................................7 Unit 2. LOGISTICS COMPANY ........................................................ 13 Text History And Background of DHL..................................... 14 Unit 3. LOGISTICS TERMS AND ACRONYMS ............................... 19 Text Why the EU is worried about RFID.................................. 22 Unit 4. LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER........................................ 26 Text Logistics Service Provider................................................ 28 Unit 5. VALUE-ADDED SERVICES ................................................. 35 Text Value-Added Services ...................................................... 35 Unit 6. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ............................................. 41 Text Inventory Management .................................................... 42 Unit 7. PLANNING AND ARRANGING TRANSPORT .................... 48 Text Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation ......................................... 49 Unit 8. SHIPPING GOODS................................................................. 55 Text Containerization............................................................... 57 Unit 9. INCOTERMS .......................................................................... 62 Text International Commercial Terms ...................................... 63 Unit 10. WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE ........................................ 69 Text Warehousing Today ......................................................... 70 Unit 11. DOCUMENTS IN FOREIGN TRADE .................................... 77 Text Documentation in Logistics .............................................. 78 Unit 12. JOBS IN LOGISTICS.............................................................. 85 Text Interviewing people working in Logistics ......................... 87 ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК Unit 1. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND TIME ............................... 93 Unit 2. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE .................................................................................... 94 Unit 3. PAST SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ........... 96 Unit 4. TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE ......................................... 97 Unit 5. PASSIVES .............................................................................. 98 Unit 6. MODALS OF ADVICE, OBLIGATON AND NECESSITY.... 99 Unit 7, UNIT 8. DEGREES OF COMPARISON ................................... 99

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Unit 9.

REPORTED QUESTIONS. DEDUCTION: MODALS “MUST HAVE BEEN/CAN’T HAVE BEEN” ...................... 100 Unit 10. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES ...................................... 101 Unit 11. PHRASAL VERBS ............................................................... 102 Unit 12. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES............................................ 102

СБОРНИК ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ Unit 1. Text Logistics Support for NATO Operations ........................ 103 Unit 2. Text DHL Web Shipping ....................................................... 106 Unit 3. Text GPS signals.................................................................... 107 Unit 4. Text Анализ рынка логистических провайдеров – зарубежный опыт ................................................................. 111 Table Logistics functions given by3–PL Providers ................. 113 Unit 5. Text Value-added services of logistics centers in port areas. Evolution of port function Functions of Logistics centers ....... 114 Functions of Loistics Centers ................................................. 117 Unit 6. Text Toyota and JIT Manufacturing ....................................... 118 Text Origins of Just In Time Management Strategy ................ 118 Unit 7. Text Freight Transport Logistics in Europe – the key to sustainable mobility ............................................................... 120 Text Things to Know Before Shipping Goods to Russia ......... 121 Letter to “Grant & Clarkson” ................................................. 123 Maritime transportation of hazardous goods ........................... 124 Unit 8. Text A Simple Box Which Changed the World ...................... 125 Text Chaos at Heathrow’s New Terminal 5 ............................ 126 Letter to “Victoria Cycle Works” ........................................... 128 IMO General Declaration ....................................................... 131 Unit 9. Table Incoterms 2000: Transfer of risk from the seller to the buyer ............................................................................ 133 Unit 10. Text Warehousing In the EU and the USA ............................. 135 Unit 11. Bill of Lading: Negotiability .................................................. 137 Bill of Exchange .................................................................... 139 Letter of Credit (L/C) ............................................................. 140 Air Waybill (AWB) ............................................................... 145 Unit 12. JobAdvertisements ................................................................. 151 Covering Letter ...................................................................... 157 Resume/Curriculum Vitae ...................................................... 159 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ ........................................................................... 165

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ВВЕДЕНИЕ Основная цель пособия – помощь обучающимся в овладении на базе специальных текстов лексическим и грамматическим материалом (лексическими и грамматическими шаблонами), связанным со спецификой и основными областями логистики, такими как логистика снабжения, производственная, транспортная, складская, распределительная логистика; с международными терминами логистики, международными правилами по толкованию наиболее широко используемых торговых терминов в области внешней торговли – Инкотермс; в ознакомлении с коммерческими, транспортными, финансовыми и таможенными документами. Учебное пособие состоит из двух разделов: базового курса, который содержит практическую (предтекстовые и послетекстовые лексико-грамматические задания, упражнения на перевод с русского на английский, с английского на русский, коммуникативные упражнения) и теоретическую части (грамматический справочник), и сборника дополнительных текстов и заданий для самостоятельной работы студентов. Базовый курс состоит из 12 уроков (Units), каждый из которых включает в себя оригинальные англоязычные тексты из газет, журналов и докладов, предтекстовые и послетекстовые упражнения. Учебное пособие предназначено для занятий с бакалаврами 1-2 курсов по направлению 080200.62 «Менеджмент», профиль подготовки «Логистика», по дисциплине «Иностранный язык», а также может быть использовано в группах бакалавров, магистров, аспирантов, а также при работе со студентами в группах с углубленным изучением английского языка.

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БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: concept, control, courier, deterioration, distribution, effective, formal, financial, geographical, information, integration, logistics, machine, material, organization, personnel, plan, positioning, practical, process, product, resource, service, strategy, system, transportation, uniform. 2. Complete the following table using suitable forms: Verb to distribute to consume to supply to integrate

Noun transportation

movement

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

А geographical repositioning efficient fighting force wartime consumption inventory customer requirements consumer

B материальные запасы географическое перемещение потребитель требования потребителя эффективность силы сражения f) расходы в военное время

a) b) c) d) e)

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4. Observe “Logistics”:

the

words

ammunition efficient flow facilities point of origin warehousing rations implementation inventory material handling point of consumption repositioning of raw materials to supply storage of goods to streamline

and

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боеприпасы эффективный поток оборудование пункт производства; складское хранение продовольствие выполнение материальные запасы погрузочно-разгрузочные работы пункт потребления перемещение сырья снабжать хранение товаров упрощать; систематизировать

5. Read and translate the text: Logistics Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet the requirements of consumers. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and occasionally security. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain which adds the value of time and place utility. A professional working in the field of logistics management is called a logistician. Professional logisticians are often certified by professional associations. Some universities and academic institutions train students as logisticians, offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The main functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional

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knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an organization. The Oxford English Dictionary defines logistics as "the branch of military science having to do with procuring, maintaining and transporting materiel, personnel and facilities." Another dictionary definition is "the time-related positioning of resources." As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering that creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems. Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to a forward position. The term logistics comes from the Greek logos (λόγος), meaning "speech, reason, ratio, rationality, language, and phrase". In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, military officers with the title Logistikas were responsible for financial and supply distribution matters. Supply chain management in military logistics often deals with a number of variables1 in predicting cost, deterioration, consumption, and future demand. For instance, peacetime consumption of ammunition and fuel will be considerably less than wartime consumption of these items, whereas other classes of supply such as subsistence and clothing have a relatively consistent consumption rate regardless of war or peace. Troops will always require uniform and food. More troops will require equally more uniforms and food. History has shown that good logistical planning creates a lean and efficient fighting force. Lack thereof can lead to a clunky2, slow, and ill-equipped force with too much or too little supply. In history, some have attributed the defeat of the British in the American War of Independence and the defeat of the Axis in the African theatre of World War II to logistical failure. Logistics as a business concept evolved in the 1950s due to the increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for experts called supply chain logisticians. Business logistics can be defined as "having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer", and is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. 1 2

зд.параметры зд. неэффектиный

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The term production logistics is used to describe logistic processes within an industry. The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine and workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and quality at the right time. The concern is not the transportation itself, but to streamline and control the flow through valueadding processes and eliminate non–value-adding ones. Today the complexity of production logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized and optimized by plant simulation software. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: будущий спрос; вывоз продуктов; добавленная стоимость; закупки; концепция бизнеса; логист; передовая позиция; плохо вооруженный; потребление; программное обеспечение моделирования на предприятии; производственная логистика; товарный поток; транспортировка; управление материальными запасами; упаковывание; цепочка поставок.

7. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: material handling; non–value-adding; quality; consultation; shipping out; inventory; quantity; ill-equipped; logistician; supply; consumption; distribution; streamline; cost; purchasing

1. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation,…………….1, warehousing, ……………….2 and packaging. 2. In Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, Logistikas were responsible for financial and supply..........……….3 3. Supply chain management in military logistics means predicting ………..4, deterioration, ……………5, and future demand. 4. The lack of effective logistical planning can lead to a slow, and …………….6 force with too little supply. 5. Logistics as a business concept developed due to the complexities of supplying businesses with materials and …………………7 products in the globalized …………..8 chain.

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6. In production logistics feeding each machine and workstation with the right product in the right……………9 and ……………..10 at the right time is of great importance. 7. It is necessary to …………….11 and control the flow through value-adding processes and eliminate ……………………..12 ones. 8. A person working in the logistics field is a …………………13 9. The main functions of a qualified logistician are inventory management,…………...14, transportation, warehousing, ………………..15 and the organizing and planning of these activities.

8. Answer the questions:

1. What is the definition of the word “logistics”? 2. How are the practitioners working in the field of logistics called? 3. What different meanings does the word “logistics” have in the Greek language? 4. What were the military officers in ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine Empires responsible for? 5. How does the Oxford English Dictionary define “logistics”? 6. Why is it important to manage and to move resources to the places where they are needed in military logistics? 7. What historic events are considered to be the result of the logistical failure? 8. What was the reason of appearing the business logistics? 9. What is the purpose of production logistics? 9. Translate the sentences using the text “Logistics”: 1. Задачи, решаемые логистикой – это сбор информации, транспортировка груза, управление запасами, хранение товар, упаковка товаров, таможенные услуги и многое другое. 2. Логистика - это процесс управления и контроля материальными, информационными и финансовыми потоками, хранения товаров и услуг от пункта производства до пункта потребления. 3. «Логистика» происходит от греческого слова logistice, что означает «искусство вычислять». 4. Логистика - это наука о планировании и контроле, о транспортировании и складировании, о внутризаводской переработке

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сырья и материалов, о доставке готовой продукции до потребителя, об анализе и переработке информации. 5. В Оксфордском словаре английского языка логистика определяется как «военная наука, связанная со снабжением, поддержкой, транспортировкой материалов и людей». 6. В Византийской империи при дворе императора были «логистики», в обязанности которых входили вопросы финансов, поставки и распределения продуктов питания. 7. В военное время снабжение линий своей армии одновременно с подрывом линий противника является важным элементом тактики военной стратегии. 8. Потребление боеприпасов и топлива в мирное время значительно меньше их потребления в военное время. 9. Эффективное логистическое планирование способствует эффективности боевой силы армии. 10. Управление цепями поставок в военной логистике подразумевает расчет затрат, потребления и будущего спроса. 11. Цель логистики можно считать достигнутой, если определенный продукт необходимого качества доставлен нужному потребителю по удовлетворяющей его цене, в необходимом количестве, в нужное время и в нужное место. 12. Профессионал, работающий в сфере логистики, называется логистом. 13. Главная задача производственной логистики – это обеспечение производства продукции необходимого качества и количества в установленные сроки. 10. Complete the sentences in present simple or present continuous using given verbs in brackets (See Language Notes): 1. When large population displacements ……..1 (take) place, whether spontaneous or organized, humanitarian assistance………2 (become) crucial - and urgent. 2. The purpose of the procurement process is to make sure that the organizations involved in relief management ………3 (have) the resources needed to meet identified needs. 3. Right now the trucks …………4 (deliver) aid to the people affected by a disaster.

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4. If the disaster …………5 (destroy) most homes in a given area, large local “migrations” may take place within the same urban environment, as victims ………6 (look) for shelter in the homes of relatives and friends. 5. Transport is the means whereby supplies …….7 (reach) the places where they are needed. 6. They ……..8 (deliver) the emergency supplies to ultimate recipients now. 7. In the case of mass displacements of people, the victims usually ………9 (not carry) much provision. 8. At the moment we……..10 (observe) the most effective use of available resources. 9. Procurement, storage, mobilization, distribution ………11 (require) an organizational structure. 10. We are observing now that trucks and trains ………….. 12 (transfer) enough resources to cover the needs of an affected area. SITUATION PRACTICE Make the dialogue “Logistics” according to the given plan: The definition of logistics. Professional logisticians. The definition of logistics from the Oxford English Dictionary. The origin of the term “logistics”. The importance of supply chain management in military logistics. A good logistical planning as a condition of the efficient fighting force. G. Business logistics. H. Production logistics.

11. A. B. C. D. E. F.

Prompts for asking for opinions, making suggestions What do you think? What’s your opinion? What’s your view? I think. I don’t think. In my opinion….That’s true. I agree…..Absolutely! Exactly. I think so too. I see. I know what you mean, but I’m afraid I can’t agree…….I think we should Maybe, but…..How about...? Why don’t we...? Maybe! Perhaps we could.

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UNIT 2 LOGISTICS COMPANY 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: brand, business, company, contract, courier, design, document, express, fact, global, industry, international, leader, management, myriad, ocean, office, project, start, terminal, territory. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to expand to found to ship

Noun delivery

owner consolidation

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

А supply chain management gateway hub ocean freight vehicle aircraft destination air freight

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) 13

B перевозочное средство воздушное средство передвижения пункт назначения груз, переправляемый по воздуху узел груз, перевозимый по океану управление цепочками поставок шлюз

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4. Observe the words and phrases from the text “History and Background of DHL”: customer customized solutions customs clearance ship’s cargo to gain customer satisfaction handover to increase efficiency overland transport to phase out to reduce overall cost waiting time to ship

1) работник таможни 2) покупатель решения для покупателей очистка от таможенных пошлин груз на корабле удовлетворять нужды покупателя передача (контроля, полномочий) увеличивать эффективность наземный транспорт постепенно сокращать сокращать общую стоимость время ожидания доставлять, поставлять

5.Read and translate the text: History and Background of DHL In order to understand the concepts of logistics in terms of practical usage and to glimpse into the how a real company or organization uses logistics as a formidable1 tool to gain customer satisfaction, reduce overall cost and increase efficiency we selected “DHL”, the world’s leading courier service company. But DHL is multi faceted and offers myriad types of services. DHL are the first letters of the last names of the three company founders, Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn. In 1969, just months after the world had marveled2 at Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the Moon; the three partners took another small step that would have a profound impact on the way the world does business. The founders began to personally ship papers by airplane from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs clearance of the ship’s cargo 1 2

зд. важный зд. восхищаться

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before the actual arrival of the ship and dramatically reducing waiting time in the harbor. Customers stood to save a fortune. With this concept, a new industry was born: international air express, the rapid delivery of documents and shipments by airplane. The DHL Network continued to grow at an incredible pace. The company expanded westward from Hawaii into the Far East and Pacific Rim3, then the Middle East, Africa and Europe. By 1988, DHL was already present in 170 countries and had 16,000 employees. At the beginning of 2002, Deutsche Post World Net became the major shareholder in DHL. By the end of 2002, DHL was 100% owned by Deutsche Post World Net. In 2003, Deutsche Post World Net consolidated all of its express and logistics activities into one single brand, DHL. DHL is the global market leader in international express, overland transport and air freight. It is also the world’s number 1 in ocean freight and contract logistics. DHL offers a full range of customized solutions – from express document shipping to supply chain management. Below are the global facts and figures that show you the scale of the world's largest express and logistics network. Number of Employees: around 285,000 Number of Offices: around 6,500 Number of Hubs, Warehouses & Terminals: more than 450 Number of Gateways: 240 Number of Aircraft: 420 Number of Vehicles: 76,200 Number of Countries & Territories: more than 220 Shipments per Year: more than 1.5 billion Destinations Covered: 120,000 The reason for the success of DHL is due to its very effective and efficient way of carrying out the process of project management. Project Management DHL manages projects according to a six-step process: Initiation: The formal start of the project Design: The formal agreement on how to approach the project and its deliverables Planning: Following agreement, a detailed plan is created Execution: After detailed planning and preparation, the project goes 'live' Closing: Gradually phase out and prepare for handover of the deliverables 3

зд. Тихоокеанский регион

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Handover: The formal end of the project 6. Match the synonyms: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

to reduce to increase to ship to own to manage to carry out to go “live” to phase out

a) to enlarge b) to carry out in life c) to reduce gradually d) to deliver e) to fulfill f) to have j) to shorten h) to rule

7. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: виды деятельности по срочному и материально-техническому обеспечению; выполнение процесса; гавань; детальный план; кардинально; контрактная логистика; логистическая сеть; многогранный; обособленный бренд; объединять; практическое использование; с невероятной скоростью; сильное воздействие; склад; соглашение; сотрудник, управление проектами; фактическое прибытие судна; цифра, 6-шаговый процесс; эффективный способ. 8. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: clearance; overland; waiting time, contract; document; shareholder, to ship, carrying out, project, express; shipments; logistics 1. The founders of DHL began to ……….……1 papers by airplane from San Francisco to Honolulu, beginning customs …………….2 of the ship's cargo before the actual arrival of the ship and reducing ………………………..3 in the harbor. 2. International air …………..4 is the rapid delivery of documents and ……………….5 by airplane. 3. Deutsche Post World Net became the major ……………..6 in DHL.

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4. Deutsche Post World Net consolidated express and …………….7 activities into a single brand. 5. DHL is the global market leader in international express, ………………8 transport and air freight. 6. DHL is the company number one in ocean freight and …………….9 logistics. 7. The customized solutions of the company are express ……………..10 shipping to supply chain management. 8. The reason for the success of DHL is due to its very effective and efficient way of ………………….11 the process of ……………12 management. 9. Answer the questions: 1. Who were the founders of DHL? 2. What was the primary purpose of DHL? 3. What industry did this company give birth to? 4. How big was the expansion of DHL over the world? 5. What company had the biggest quantity of shares in DHL? 6. DHL logistics services and customized solutions are various, aren’t they? Name them. 7. Why is DHL a vey successful logistics company? 8. What are the steps of each DHL project? 10. Translate the sentences using the text “History and Background of DHL”: 1. DHL – международная компания, один из лидеров мирового рынка экспресс-доставки. 2. DHL была основана 20 сентября 1969 году как курьерская служба для перевозки почты между Сан-Франциско и Гонолулу. 3. Название компании образовано по первым буквам фамилий ее основателей. 4. DHL предлагает широкий набор решений для покупателя. 5. Эффективность процесса проектного управления является основой успеха DHL. 6. Процесс управления проектами в компании DHL включает 6 шагов: 1) инициация; 2) проектирование; 3) планирование; 4) исполнение; 5) закрытие; 6) передача.

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7. К 1988 г. компания расширила сферу своей деятельности: она уже присутствовала в 170 странах. 8. В 2002 г. главным держателем акций DHL была компания Deutsche Post World Net. 9. Компания Deutsche Post World Net объединила все свои услуги по экспресс-доставке в единый бренд – DHL. 11. Complete the sentences using prepositions in the box (See Language Notes): to

through

with

on

from

to

for

for

on

with

1. DHL’s whole business is dependent ………1 the vital point of timely delivery. 2. DHL owns its success ………2 the efficiency ………..3 which the operations are carried out. 3. Not only the company but the sender and sometimes the receiver can track the goods ………….4 their information center. 4. DHL has developed a reputation ………5 consistently developing innovative solutions that streamline operations and improve control. 5. DHL in-house teams have contributed ………6 the solutions design of some of the world's leading brands and enabled to win key contacts. 6. DHL solutions design team offers a wide portfolio of expertise and services, …..…….7 logistics network strategy, transport design, warehouse design and simulation, through ……..8 operational improvement and inventory analysis. 7. DHL’s international supply chain management solutions are focused …….9 helping customers take increased control of international inbound supply chain to maximize the value of international and global sourcing. 8. The management of logistics is concerned …………10 the movement and storage of materials and finished products. 12. Retell the text “History and Background of DHL” according to the plan: A. History and background of DHL. B. Expansion of DHL to the continents.

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C. Major shareholders of DHL. D. Areas where DHL is the global market leader. E. World expansion of the largest express and logistics network. F. Basic steps in the project management of DHL. SITUATION PRACTICE 13. Make the dialogue: talk with a manager of “DHL” company about the services provided by the company: Useful language: Answering the phone Hello, Jonathan Young speaking. Good morning, DHL. I’d like to speak to…. One moment, please. Could I have the sales department, please? My name’s Marta Blanco. Marta Blanco speaking………. I’m calling about……………. The reason I’m calling is……. Could you name the main services you are offering? Could we meet on Monday at 10.30? How / What about April 10h? Is 11.15 convenient/OK? Formal style Dear Mr. Smith I would like to…. I would be grateful if you could….... I look forward to hearing…… Could you give me some information about…? I would appreciate if you can share your thoughts of…. UNIT 3 LOGISTICS TERMS AND ACRONYMS 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words:

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computer, distribution, form, international, monitoring, national, organization, passive, physical, program, radio, satellite, separation, standards, system, technology, transmission. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to consolidate to bypass

to store

Noun

assembly selection record

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

А

collection cross-docking warehousing break-bulk tracking and tracing transshipment order picking stock

a) разбивка

B

b) отслеживание и контроль с) перевалка d) сортировка заказа f) запас g) накопление h) хранение i) кросс-докинг

4. Read and translate the given logistics terms below: A. Transshipment is consolidation of shipments to one destination and reshipping from that destination. B. Break-bulk is separation of a single consolidated bulk load into smaller individual shipments for delivery to the ultimate consignees. C. Cross-docking is direct flow of goods from receipt at warehouse to shipping, bypassing the storage.

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D. Order picking is selecting and assembling items from stock for shipments. E. Tracking and tracing is monitoring and recording shipment movements from origin to destination. F. Warehousing is receiving and storing goods. G. Collection is picking up goods at a named place. (1. перевалка; 2. разбивка; 3. кросс-докинг; 4. формирование заказа; 5. обнаружение и отслеживание; 6. складирование; 7. сбор) 5. Translate the sentences and give the English names for the noted logistics terms: Cкоординированная по времени складская операция приема и отправки грузов клиенту без их хранения. Мониторинг и запись передвижений груза начиная от места отправки и заканчивая пунктом назначения. Отбор и сборка товаров в месте хранения перед отправкой груза. Разделение груза на небольшие части и перемещение его по частям конечному получателю. Сбор товаров в обозначенном месте. Получение и хранение товаров. Доставка груза через несколько точек до конечного пункта назначения. 6. Read and translate abbreviations below: A. DC - Distribution Center: The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores. B. ISO - International Standards Organization: An organization within the United Nations to which all national and other standard setting bodies (should) defer. Develops and monitors international standards, including OSI, EDIFACT, and X.400. C. EDI - Electronic Data Interchange: Intercompany, computerto-computer transmission of business information in a standard format. "Computer-to-computer" means direct transmission from the originating application program to the receiving, or processing, application program.

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An EDI transmission consists only of business data, not any accompanying verbiage or free-form messages. D. LCL - Less-Than-Carload or Less-Than-Container Load: Shipment that is less than a complete rail car load (lot shipment). E. RFID - Radio Frequency Identification: The use of radio frequency technology including RFID tags and tag readers to identify objects. Objects may include virtually anything physical, such as equipment, pallets of stock, or even individual units of product. RFID tags can be active or passive. Active tags contain a power source and emit a signal constantly. Passive tags receive power from the radio waves sent by the scanner / reader. The inherent advantages of RFID over bar code technology are: 1) the ability to be read over longer distances, 2) the limitation of requirement for “line of sight” reads, 3) added capacity to contain information, and 4) RFID tag data can be updated/changed. F. GPS (Global Positioning System): A system which uses satellites to precisely locate an object on earth. Used by trucking companies to locate over-the-road equipment. 7. Give English equivalents for the phrases given below: глобальная система позиционирования; международная организация по стандартизации; мелкая отправка; радиочастотная идентификация; распределительный центр; электронный обмен данными. 8. Translate the article: Why the EU is worried about RFID 1. For a microchip that measures just a few millimeters across,

RFID has already caused a fair degree of controversy. The radio tags – used on anything from pharmaceutical products to sea containers – have prompted campaigns by privacy groups, street demonstrations in continental Europe, and conspiracy theories a-plenty1. The latest organization to step into the controversy is the European

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Commission, which this month held a series of workshops2 in Brussels as part of a consultation over the technology.

The EU expects the use of RFID tags to grow rapidly in the next few years, and believes a public discussion is necessary now about how they might be used, and how the data the tags provide might be protected. In part, the EU is responding to pressure from consumer and privacy groups, which have expressed concern that RFID tags could be used to build up huge databases of individuals’ shopping, leisure and travel habits. These databases could be exploited by unscrupulous businesses and also become a target for cybercriminals. 2. “Most business cases for RFID involve nothing that touches the consumer, but are based around back-end systems and the logistics chain. Most RFID tags will never reach the consumer but are on the pallet level,” says Jeroen Terstegge, corporate privacy officer at Philips and a moderator in the EU’s consultation. 3. European Commission officials are likely to be looking for evidence that the IT industry is taking such privacy and security considerations into account. And companies that are actively involved in RFID, including Philips, IBM and Accenture, are already working on privacy and security enhancement measures for RFID. Such measures could include limiting the range of tags – so that the reader would need to be in close proximity to the product, for example – encrypting the data on the tag, and providing consumers with the option to wipe the RFID chip once they have bought an item. 4. “We are seeing some push back on RFID plans, but it is because of technical not privacy issues,” says Duncan Brown, consulting director at analysts IDC. “We are seeing other areas where businesses are generating more and more information in a digital form, and some of this is potentially far more sinister data than what clothes you are buying.” 9. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: база данных; беспринципный; быть в противоречии; возврат назад; вопросы технического характера; губительная информация; затрагивать потребителя; информация в цифровой форме; кибер2

зд. семинары

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преступник; кодирование данных; меры по расширению; потребитель; провести ряд рабочих встреч; радиометка; система с внутренним интерфейсом; соображения секретности и безопасности; стирать чип радиочастотной идентификации; теории конспирации. 10. Complete the sentences using abbreviations given below: ISO

GPS

RFID

EDI

LCL

DC

1. Computer-to-computer transmission of business information in a standard forma is called……….…….1. 2. The use of radio frequency technology to identify objects is…………………2. 3. ………………3 is shipment that is less than a complete rail car load. 4. An organization within the United Nations which develops and monitors international standards has the name…………..4. 5. ………………5 is the warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores. 6. A system which uses satellites to precisely locate an object on earth is ………….….6. 11. Answer the questions: 1. Why have radio tags prompted campaigns and street demonstrations by privacy groups in Europe? 2. Why is discussion on RFID tags necessary now according to the European Commission point of view? 3. What concern have consumer and privacy groups expressed on RFID tags? 4. What kind of privacy and security measures for RFID are Philips, IBM and Accenture working on? 5. Why is there a push back to RFID plans according to Duncan Brown, a consulting director at analysts IDC? 12. Translate the sentences using the text “Why the EU is worried about RFID”:

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1. Радиометки широко используются на фармацевтических продуктах и морских контейнерах. 2. Базами данных RFID-меток могут пользоваться беспринципные дельцы, они также могут стать мишенью для киберпреступников. 3. Потребители товаров выразили озабоченность по поводу того, что радиочастотные метки могут использоваться в целях построения таких баз данных, как покупки, времяпрепровождение и образ жизни индивида. 4. Компании, активно использующие радиочастотную идентификацию (Philips, IBM, Accenture), уже занимаются разработкой мер по усилению секретности и безопасности радиочастотной идентификации. 5. Мерами безопасности могут выступить кодирование данных метки; доступность для потребителей опции стирания чипа радиочастотной идентификации после покупки товара. 6. Европейская комиссия провела в Брюсселе ряд рабочих встреч-консультаций по вопросам радиочастотной идентификации. 7. Использование RFID-меток вызвало серьёзную полемику и критику. 8. В Евросоюзе полагают, что использование радиочастотных меток будет расти в последующие годы - необходимо проводить общественные дискуссии относительно того, как целесообразно использовать и защищать данные, которые предоставляют эти метки. 13. Use past simple or present perfect forms of the verbs given in brackets (See Language Notes): 1. Yesterday they …………..1 (transfer) of structured data from one computer system to another. 2. Recently we …………2 (work) out a Continuous Replenishment Program. 3. Last year the company ……………3 (implement) Advanced Order Management. 4. Since 2005 Enterprise Resource Planning ………4 (use) at the factory. 5. RFID already ……….5 (cause) a fair degree of controversy and ………..6 (prompt) campaigns by privacy groups.

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6. Move to a true Just-In-Time strategy ………7 (change) the attitude: “We are doing alright, don’t risk it” ……..8 (replace) “What we need to do and how do we make it happen?” 7. You ever ……..9 (check) the stock-keeping unit? 8. The warehouse management system …………..10 (implement) 3 months ago……. 11 (help) the employees work effectively on all stages. 9. Collaborative Planning and Forecasting Replenishment ……..12 (improve) the work of logistics provider. 10. Our project already……..13 (create) a network of sensors deployed at sites in the vicinity of applications that rely on the GPS signal. 11. We never …….14 (use) total quality management. Why shouldn’t we try? 14. Retell the article “Why the EU is worried about RFID” according to the plan: A. The radio tags have prompted campaigns by privacy groups, street demonstrations in Europe, and conspiracy theories. B. European Commission held a series of workshops in Brussels as part of a consultation over the technology. C. Most business cases for RFID don’t involve the consumer, but are based around back-end systems and the logistics chain. D. Work on privacy and security enhancement measures for RFID. E. Collecting information in a digital form and in the form of RFID tags. SITUATION PRACTICE 15. Make the dialogue about the necessity of using RFID-tags. Useful language: Asking for opinions, making suggestions (see Unit 1)

UNIT 4 LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words:

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category, complex, distributor, information, logistics, operational, physical, role, service, sub-contracted, terminology. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: to limit

Verb

to handle

Noun range integration specialization facilitation

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: А

B сторона-подрядчик розничный торговец мнимое отсутствие совместное производство и упаковывание e) материальные средства f) субподрядная организация g) выписывание счетов и запись заказов

1) quasi-absence 2) co-manufacturing and 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

a) b) c) d)

co-packing billing and ordering physical facilities contracting party retailer sub-contracting company

1. Observe the words and phrases from the text “Logistics Service Provider”: accelerated benefits cash infusion

ускоренные прибыли вливание денег

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free-up resources logistics services integrator logistics services provider

освобожденные ресурсы интегратор логистических услуг провайдер (оператор) логистических услуг «третья сторона в логистике» «четвертая сторона в логистике» эксплуатационные расходы реинжениринг объединяться в пул против рисков (разделять риски) системы устойчивых цен услуги с добавленной стоимостью

3 PL (Third Party Logistics) 4 PL (Forth Party Logistics) operating costs reengineering to share (pool) risks sustainable pricing systems value added services 5. Read and translate the text:

Logistics Service Provider Logistics service provider is a company performing logistics activities on behalf1 of a manufacturer or distributor. Depending on the complexity and the type of value-added operations carried out by the Logistics Service Provider, such categories can be defined: The traditional logistics service providers carry out physical logistics operations (order processing and picking, transport and storage) and whose management system is limited to tracking shipments on behalf of the client company; Value added service providers add a certain number of services to the traditional package ranging from managing complex operational handling (co-manufacturing and co-packing), to management of administrative operations (billing and ordering) and information management (trackingtracing, etc.) These two categories refer to Third Party Logistics (3PL). The manufactures use outside sources attracting outside specialist suppliers of transport or distribution/logistics services, usually under contract (e.g.

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transport/ warehousing or full-scale logistics service) replacing in-house facilities. Benefits of Outsourcing:  Improve company focus  Access to world-class capabilities and new technology  Accelerated reengineering benefits  Share (pool) risks  Free-up resources  Cash infusion  Reduce and control operating costs  Resources not available internally  Eliminate labor problems Challenges of 3PL are:  Development of appropriate and sustainable pricing systems  Finding qualified people  Development of systems which are flexible, adoptable and user-friendly  Development of a global logistics infrastructure. The third category: Logistics services integrators characterized by the quasi-absence of their own physical facilities. Their role is to integrate the services of different subcontracting companies (transport, storage, valueadded operations, etc.) and to coordinate and control them through management of the associated information flows. Whereas a third party logistics (3PL) service provider targets a function, a 4PL targets management of the entire process. Some have described a 4PL as a general contractor who manages other 3PLs, truckers, forwarders, custom house agents and others, essentially taking responsibility of a complete process for the customer. The concept 4PL provider was first defined by Andersen Consulting (Now Accenture). 2. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below. Make up your own sentences with these words and phrases: вливание капитала; восполнение; выписывание счетов; запись заказов; физические логистические операции; мнимое отсутствие; облегчать; розничный торговец; сторона-подрядчик; совместное производство и упаковка; склад; субподрядная организация. 7. Complete sentences using words and expressions given below:

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managing; ordering; shipments; type; operating; contractors; third; comanufacturing; sharing; problems; forwarding; value-added; service 1. Depending on the complexity and the ………..….1 of ……………….2 operations there are several categories of the logistics service provider. 2. The management system of the traditional logistics …………. 3 providers is limited to tracking ……………… 4 on behalf of the client company; 3. ……………5 party logistics providers offer value added services for their customers: ……………………... 6 and co-packing, billing and…………….7, tracking-tracing, etc. 4. Among the benefits of outsourcing one can mention ……………8 risks, controlling ………………..9 costs, eliminating labor ………………10, accessing new technologies and others. 5. The services of 4 PL providers include ……………11 3 PL providers, custom house agents, ……………12, as well as a range of valueadded services. 6. Fourth party logistics providers are general ……………….13. 8. Answer the questions: 1. What categories of logistics service providers can be defined? 2. What operations do the traditional logistics service providers carry out? 3. What services do value-added logistics service providers add to the traditional package? 4. Logistics service providers of what type refer to 3 PL? 5. What is the role of logistics services integrators? What does the “quasi-absence of their physical facilities” mean? 6. What are the benefits of outsourcing? 7. What kind of challenges of 3PL can you name? 8. What is the concept of 4PL? 9. Translate the sentences using the text “Logistics Service Provider”:

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1. Существуют компании, которые выполняют только такие логистические операции, как транспортировка и хранение. 2. Некоторые компании к традиционному пакету логистических услуг добавляют дополнительные услуги с добавленной стоимостью: выписывание счетов и составление заказов, отслеживание и контроль. 3. Когда полный комплекс услуг по логистике – от доставки и адресного хранения до управления заказами и отслеживания движения товаров – передается на сторону сторонней организации, это называется «третья сторона в логистике». 4. «Третья сторона в логистике» - это, как правило, комплексный логистический посредник для промышленной или торговой компании. 5. «Общие подрядчики» - это компании, которые интегрируют услуги различных подрядных организаций, координируют посредством управления связанные с ними информационные потоки. 6. 4PL провайдер является интегратором всей логистической цепи предприятия. 10. Translate the text and give its main idea in English: Логистический аутсорсинг В период 1970-1980 гг. сформировались так называемые технологии инсорсинга в сфере логистических услуг: 1PL (логистика одной стороны) – когда все операции выполняет сам грузовладелец - свой транспортный парк и водительский персонал - автономная логистика. 2PL (логистика второй стороны) – когда фирма сама планирует и складирует, но не имеет транспортного парка. В период 1980 -1990 гг. появляется 3PL (или полный аутсорсинг) логистика третьей стороны, при которой субподрядчики занимаются логистикой фирмы, фирма сама не занимается внешней логистикой. В период 1990-2000 гг. сформировался 4PL (четвертая сторона в логистике), – когда фирма пользуется услугами генератора логистики, т.е. системного логистического интегратора, предоставляющего услуги по проектированию, интегрированному планированию цепей поставок компании. Некоторые специалисты полагают, что в связи с развитием электронного бизнеса могут произойти изменения в логистике и возникнет следующий уровень логистических систем операторов –

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провайдеров - 5PL. Эти провайдеры – виртуальные интегрированные логистические операторы. 11. Translate the sentences given below using the Unit Vocabulary: 1. The use of the company’s inner resources is called “insourcing”. 2. The rising costs of offshore production have driven corporations to “insourcing”. 3. Adverse macroeconomic conditions accentuate the need for corporations to focus on cost containment in their supply chains. 4. “By 2010, the need for greater supply chain flexibility will overtake product quality and customer service as the major driver for improving supply chain strategy.” (Global Supply Chain Trends Survey, 2008). 5. “A lot of our supply chain design work was really developed in the 1980s and 1990s, when our capital spending was fairly high and oil was 10 bucks a barrel. I could say that the supply chain design is now upside down. The environment has changed.” (Keith Harrison, Procter & Gamble, Head of Global Supply Chain (Financial Times). 12. Complete each dialogue with the correct form of “going to”, “will”, the present continuous and the present simple (See Language Notes): 1. A: What are you planning to do now? B: We…….sign the treaty with the contracting party. 2. A: We need to wait for the truck to come. B: Oh, don’t worry. I ……….. (do) billing and ordering. 3. A: We’ve decided to add more services to our usual package. B: Really. What services ……. you (offer)? 4. A: What about your plans of a new sub-contracting company? B: Well, we………. (outsource) some kinds of production and distribution next year. 5. A: Have you made up your mind to use outside sources? B: Yes, the company ………… (outsource) transport and warehousing services. 6. A: Are you ready for leaving? B: Yes, the plane…… (depart) at 7 p.m. 7. The following Monday the representatives of the logistics services integrator…… (come) for the meeting.

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8. A: What are your nearest plans? B: We all…… (develop) appropriate and sustainable pricing systems. plan:

13. Retell the text “Logistics Service Provider” according to the A. B. C. D. E.

The traditional Logistics Service Providers The value-added Logistics Service Providers «Third-Party Logistics» Providers; benefits of outsourcing Challenges of 3 PL providers Logistics services integrators or 4PL providers SITUATION PRACTICE

14. Make the dialogue about logistics service providers: Useful language: Asking for clarification What exactly are you saying? What exactly do you mean? Are you saying we need to...? Sorry, I don’t follow you. Can you explain in more detail? What I mean is……………. What I’m saying is………… No, I was thinking of……… To be more specific……….. To clarify the matter... They suggest……….The company proposes that……..

UNIT 5 VALUE-ADDED SERVICES 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words:

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code, component, control, credit, defect, document, focus, final, group, identical, industry, modification, product, segment, transportation. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to outsource to pack to track

Noun performance

subdivision dispatch

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

A shipper mixed data dedicated zone easy-to-trace delay

a) b) c) d) e)

B легко прослеживаемый задержка грузоотправитель смешанные данные специально отведенная зона

4. Observe the words and phrases related to “Value Added Services”: assembly to assign activities batch control bundling co-packing

сборка, монтаж распределять виды деятельности управление партиями объединение нескольких товаров в набор совместная упаковка (промоупаковка)

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eLogistics services free from faults kitting labelling line feeding merchandising to outsource postponement packaging pre-assembling product assembly repacking QA (quality) control reverse Logistics re-working sample sequencing to suit a local market value added service

электронная логистика без повреждений и дефектов комплектование маркирование, биркование подача на линию продвижение продукта передавать выполнение услуг сторонним организациям упаковка с отсрочкой предварительная сборка сборка продукта переупаковка контроль качества обратная логистика переделка образец закладка, планирование, упорядочивание отвечать потребностям местного рынка услуга с добавленной стоимостью

5. Translate the names of Value Added Services: Value Added Services Concept whereby a service adds value to a product is called a value added service. In theory distribution adds value because it puts the product into the consumer’s hands. 11. After Sales Service (Reverse Logistics): a specialized segment of logistics focusing on the movement and management of products and resources after the sale and after delivery to the customer. Includes product returns for repair and/or credit. 12. Batch control: tracking the goods via digital easy-to-trace coding system. This control can be based on document counts, record counts, quantity totals, dollar totals, or hash (mixed data, such as customer AR numbers) totals. 13. Bundling/Unbundling: the assembly of a number of pre-packaged products to make up an integrated product offering.

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14. Co-packing: packaging operation, often performed by the Logistics Service Provider in a dedicated zone of the warehouse, consisting of wrapping different products together (e.g., to bundle a sample of new product with an old product), or identical products (e.g., in the case of promotional offers). 15. eLogistics services or online logistics services: services that address inefficiencies in the transportation industry, usually involving goods ordered online that can be delivered to the consumer in a timely and efficient manner. The service might include any of the following: order entry, order management, shipment and vehicle tracking, communications and reporting). 16. Kitting: Light assembly of components or parts into defined units. Kitting reduces the need to maintain an inventory of pre-built completed products, but increases the time and labor consumed at shipment. 17. Labelling: the application of labels either to the product or to the packaging. 18. Line feeding: covers the delivery of assembled components to a production line. 19. Merchandising: selling the products; it can include the addition of price stickers or promotional items ready for retail display. 20. Outsourcing: a corporate decision to assign activities previously performed internally (e.g. transport/ warehousing or full-scale logistics service), to a third party, for example, a Logistics Service Provider. Initially, the shippers (manufacturing or commercial companies) outsourced transport, and then progressively did the same for more value-added logistics services. 21. Packing and Marking: The activities of packing products into suitable media for safe shipping and unitizing one or more items of an order, placing them into an appropriate container, and marking and labeling the container with customer shipping destination data, as well as other information that may be required. 22. Postponement packaging: the delay of packaging until the latest possible time. 23. Pre-assembling: the completion of a finished product from component parts or pre-programming of products. 24. Product assembly: a group of subassemblies and/or parts that are put together and that constitute a major subdivision for the final product. An assembly may be the end item or a component of a higher level assembly.

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25. Repacking: Packing for a specific customer again. It can include repalletization. (Pallet: The platform which cartons are stacked on and then used for shipment or movement as group. Pallets may be made of wood or composite materials). 26. QA Control: The management function that attempts to ensure that the foods or services manufactured or purchased meet the product or service specifications; quality control ensures that product is received into and dispatched from the warehouse in a suitable condition, free from faults and defects. 27. Re-Working: modification of products to suit a local market. 28. Sequencing: Logistics term used in supply-chain solutions in connection with the sequencing (ie timed delivery) of components into a production line. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: возврат товаров; емкость; заранее упакованный продукт; использованный товар; набор; наклеивание ярлыков; наклейка с ценой; окончательный продукт; поврежденный товар; поставка сборных компонентов; принятие заказа; ремонт; сбыт товаров; транзитное оборудование; упаковка и маркировка. 7. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: together; dedicated; online; assembly; sale; container; outsourcing; delivery; packing; kitting; value; quality; labeling A segment of logistics focusing on the movement and management of products and resources after the ……………1 and after …………………2 to the customer. A packaging operation, often performed by the Logistics Service Provider in a ………………3 zone of the warehouse, consisting of wrapping different products……………….4. If services add ……………….5 to a product they are called value added services.

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The activities of ……………….6 products into suitable media for safe shipping and unitizing one or more items of an order, placing them into an appropriate……………..7, and marking and ……………..8it, are called packing and marking. The company concept to assign logistics activities to a third party is …………………..9. When the services meet the product or service specifications ………………..10 control is effective. Light …………….….11 of components or parts into defined units is called ……………….12. Logistic services which can be performed through the Internet are …………13 logistics.

8. Answer the questions:

1. What does line feeding mean? 2. What services does eLogistics include? 3. How are the assembled pre-packaged products called? 4. What is the name of the operation comprising of consolidation, pre-assembly and sequencing of material flows? 5. What does kitting mean? 6. Why is quality control necessary? 7. How are the services having increased or improved value called? 8. What’s the name of the logistics segment which focuses on the movement and management of products after the sale and after delivery to the customer? 9. How can be goods tracking via digital easy-to-trace coding system called? 10. What is the name of the following operation: transferring some logistics services from one company to another one? 9. Translate the sentences and names of Value-Added Services: 1. Передача компанией определенных видов работ, прежде выполняемых ею, другой компании. 2. Наклеивание ярлыков на продукты. 3. Сбор и обработка использованных или поврежденных товаров. 4. Уже произведенная сборка продукта.

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5. Складываемые части, которые образуют окончательный продукт. 6. Добавление всех необходимых частей в один набор. 7. Прослеживание определенного набора продуктов через цифровую кодированную систему. 8. Проверка товара на предмет его сохранности, хорошего состояния, отсутствия дефектов. 9. Предварительная сборка и консолидация материальных потоков. 10. Своевременная поставка необходимых компонентов к линии производства. 11. Изменение товаров с целью соответствия их местному рынку. 10. Translate the text using words and phrases from the text “Value Added Services” and retell it: Сегодня для сохранения конкурентоспособности операторы складов вынуждены добавлять к традиционным экономическим и сервисным выгодам другие услуги с добавленной стоимостью. Сервис с добавленной стоимостью может ориентироваться главным образом на упаковку и/или на производство. Самой распространенной услугой с добавленной стоимостью является упаковка. Склады могут увеличивать добавленную стоимость продукции за счет совершенствования упаковки, приспособления ее к индивидуальным запросам потребителей. Склад в состоянии повысить стоимость, формируя пакет из единичных упаковок на паллете или в общей обертке, заменяющей паллет, и т.д. Другим примером складской услуги с добавленной стоимостью является удаление на складе защитной упаковки перед транспортировкой продукции заказчикам в случае крупных поставок, поскольку у заказчиков порой возникают проблемы с утилизацией большого количества упаковочных материалов. Складской сервис с добавленной стоимостью может заключаться также в смене тары. Передача такого рода операций складам уменьшает потребность в запасах и сопутствующий риск, сокращает транспортные расходы и опасность повреждения продукции. Глобализация торговли ставит перед складскими хозяйствами более сложные задачи, но одновременно и сулит им дополнительные рыночные возможности. Чем длиннее маршруты

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транспортировки товаров, тем важнее роль складского сервиса с добавленной стоимостью. 11. Transform the sentences into the Passive Voice. Example: Someone is packing the goods. The goods are being packed (See Language Notes): 1. The managers have already performed a batch control. 2. They will complete the finished product from the component parts. 3. The company supplies the customers with reverse logistics. 4. The clients received the product from the warehouse in a suitable condition. 5. The employees have just finished the product assembly. 6. He is making a postponement packaging. 7. Our corporation is outsourcing some of its services outside. 8. Last week someone applied labels to both containers. 9. We have made a prominent marking on the box prepared for shipping. 10. Soon we will implement tracking and tracing system. 11. The company added consolidation to the usual range of its services. 12. Most companies supply the customers with eLogistics services. 13. They have been practicing the quality control system. 12. Retell the text “Value Added Services”. SITUATION PRACTICE Find in the Internet an advertisement of the company providing Value-Added Services. Tell about these services. Useful language: Talking about a company The company was founded in; They make/manufacture/sell/distribute; It has subsidiaries / factories /branches in. ……can offer you a wide range of …. : ….. can provide (you with) customized/tailor-made logistics solutions for. It specializes in …….

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UNIT 6 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: activity, business, company, characteristic, design, diversification, effective, information, material, motivation, process, strategy, transport, system, typical, variability. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb Noun to involve supply to optimize determination to overcome elimination 3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: А B 1) transport costs a) извлечение 2) full load b) розничная торговля 3) retrieval c) полная загрузка 4) retailing d) транспортные расходы 4. Observe the words and phrases from the text “Inventory Management”: average demand rate средний уровень спроса assurance of delivery гарантийная поставка criticality of the item критичность изделия (товара) excessive inventory чрезмерные материальные запасы to hold levels of inventories поддерживать уровень запасов just-in-time точно в срок

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lean production obsolete stock to own assets price discounts pull system push system scheduling system

небольшое производство устаревший ассортимент товаров владеть активами ценовые скидки тянущая система толкающая система система, работающая по графику

5. Read and translate the text: Inventory Management Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Balancing the various tasks of inventory management means paying attention to three key aspects of any inventory. The first aspect has to do with time. This means understanding how long it takes for a supplier to process an order and execute a delivery. A solid understanding of how long it will take for those materials to transfer out of the inventory should be established. Knowing these two important lead times makes it possible to know when to place an order and how many units must be ordered to keep production running smoothly. Calculating what is known as buffer stock is also a key to effective inventory management. Tracking materials as they are used to create finished goods also helps to identify the need to adjust ordering amounts before the raw materials inventory gets dangerously low. Finally, inventory management has to do with keeping accurate records of finished goods that are ready for shipment. All operations have to hold levels of inventories. The typical reasons for this are: to allow for demands that are larger than expected, to allow for deliveries that are delayed or too small, to avoid delays in passing products to customers, to take advantage of price discounts, to buy items when the price is low and expected to rise, to make full loads and reduce transport costs, to provide cover for emergencies. There are problems with holding inventories: storage costs, interest is tie up1 – therefore, a loss on capital, obsolete2 stock, less money is available for the business, prices fall on held items.

1 2

зд. замораживать, приостанавливать зд. товар с истекающим сроком годности

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Management wisdom between 1950s – 1980s was to own the whole supplychain. MATERIAL PROCESS Purchasing The key strategic questions: T The questions for the firm are: H What business are we in? Receiving E Is it manufacturing or assembly? Is it both? Storage S Is it neither? U To what extent does the firm want to Retrieval P own assets throughout the supply P chain? Conversion process L With which suppliers (and numbers of Y suppliers) does the firm want to have Packaging strategic long-term relationships? C 7. What is the extent of the suppliers' Transport H involvement: is it just delivery of A materials, or does it involve other I Warehouse/Retailing business areas, such as joint design of N new products? Customer Reasons for vertical integration were the need for control (cost, assurance of delivery, quality) within the chain and possibility of diversification of business activities. There was a commonly believe that “the bigger we are, the better we are” – bigger on the balance sheet “Asset”1. Nowadays this strategy is changing. Western firms began to understand how Japanese companies manage buyers-suppliers relationship. “Nowhere has the contrast between Western and Japanese manufacturing been more evident than in materials – or inventory – management.” Inventory management has become the indication of world class practices. It is a key parameter to assess the capabilities of management. The role of inventory management is supplying goods to its customers, when suitable products are available at an acceptable price within reasonable timescale.

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зд. актив баланса

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Objectives for inventory control are customer service, inventory cost and operating cost. The most profitable policy is not to optimize one of these at the expense of the others. Managing inventory: the purpose of controlling the inventory is to drive the stocks toward their proper level which is determined by the characteristics of supply and demand patterns. The major factors are supply lead time, average demand rate, variability of demand, supply frequency, customer delivery time allowed. There are also practical considerations such as: reliability of the supplier, criticality of the item, availability of item from other sources. Just in Time Management: The Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory system is having the right goods/products, at the right time, at the right place, and in the exact amount without the safety net of excessive inventory. It overcomes the need for storing large volumes of stock ‘Just-In-Case’ they are needed. It requires setting up a contract with a logistics provider (JIT company) to store and deliver equipment as and when needed. JIT is the logical aim of tight inventory control, effective process planning and plant design, workforce motivation, cost reduction; logistics and even material require planning. JIT works as pull system whereas conventional stock control and material require planning (MRP) are essentially push system. Move to a true JIT requires changing of attitude: “We are doing alright, don’t risk it” has to be replaced “What we need to do and how do we make it happen?” The advantages of JIT are inventory investment, “supply to order” instead of “provision for stock”, less slow moving stock, better flexibility, simplified administration, waste elimination. Three main factors that determine safety stock are variability of demand, reliability of supply, and dependability of transport. One of the means through which JIT can be achieved is Kanban system (Kanban means “card” in Japanese). It is a concept related to lean and just-in-time (JIT) production. It is an information tool developed initially by the engineer Taiichi Ohno at Toyota. The Kanban is a card (or label) fastened to a specific item being manufactured (finished or semi finished product) that tells a workstation the quantity to be delivered to the workstation located just downstream. It is a scheduling system that tells you what to produce, when to produce it, and how much to produce.

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6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: владеть активами; выписывание счетов; гарантийная поставка, долгосрочные отношения; заготовка запаса; запись заказов; материальные средства; надежность поставщика; полная загрузка, поставка под заказ; производство и упаковка; резервный запас; розничный торговец; сторона-подрядчик; совместное субподрядная организация; стоимость запасов; уровень материальных запасов; устранение отходов; хранимые товары; эксплуатационные расходы. 7. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: price; stocks; availability; quantity; timescale; manufactured; control; inventory; loads; material; demand; cost; supplying; delays; levels; reliability The reasons for holding …………….1of inventories are avoiding ……………2 in passing products to customers, taking advantage of ………..3 discounts, making full ………..4 and reduce transport costs. The role of inventory management is ……………5 goods to its customers, when suitable products are available at an acceptable price within reasonable……………….6. The purpose of controlling the ……………7 is to drive the …………8 toward their proper level which is determined by the characteristics of supply and …………….9 patterns. “Just-In-Time” is the aim of tight inventory……………10, effective process planning and plant design, workforce motivation, ……………11 reduction, logistics and ………….12 require planning. The practical considerations of managing inventory are ……………..13 of the supplier, criticality of the item, ……………14 of item from other sources. Kanban, a scheduling system, a label fastened to a specific item being …………………15 that tells a workstation the …………….16 to be delivered to the workstation. 8. Answer the questions: 1. What are the reasons for holding the level of inventories?

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2. What was inventory management focused on in the 1950-80s? 3. Why were the reasons for vertical integration? 4. How has the way of thinking on inventory management nowadays changed comparing to that one in the past? 5. What is the role of inventory management? 6. What is the most profitable policy in the inventory control? 7. What is the purpose for inventory control? 8. Why is it necessary to hold the levels of inventories? Name the reasons for it. 9. What was inventory management focused on in the 1950s-1980s years? 10. Why were the reasons for vertical integration? 11. What is the role of inventory management? 12. What is the most profitable policy in the inventory control? 13. What is the purpose of controlling the inventory? 14. Name the practical considerations of controlling the inventory. 15. How can you describe Just-In-Time principle? 16. JIT is the logical aim of many things. Enumerate them. 17. What does push-pull system mean? 18. What kind of attitude from the part of the firm management is necessary in order to implement JIT system? 19. What does “Kanban” mean? 9. Translate Management”:

the

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“Inventory

1. Канбан – система организации производства и снабжения, позволяющая осуществлять принцип «точно в срок». 2. Оперативное управление материальными запасами исходит из особенностей их потребления. 3. Цель контроля материальными запасами – привести их к должному уровню, который определяется параметрами поставки и моделями спроса. 4. «Точно к сроку» - это тянущая система, тогда как традиционный контроль материальными запасами и планирование спроса на материалы – толкающая система. 5. Основные причины поддержания уровня материальных запасов – это преимущество покупки товаров по сниженным ценам,

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выполнение полных загрузок, сокращение транспортных расходов, страхование несчастных случаев. 10. Choose the most appropriate verb (See Language Notes): In order to be successful we have to/must hold levels of inventories. Logistics managers must/should avoid delays in passing products to customers. The management group is told that they must/have to develop strategic long-term relationships with this freight forwarder. All production makers mustn’t/should think “We are doing alright, don’t risk it”. All employees should/must drive the stocks toward their proper level which is determined by the characteristics of supply and demand patterns. If you want a tight inventory control, effective process planning and plant design, workforce motivation and cost reduction you must/should implement Just-In-Time Management. The manager told his assistant “You should/must learn how to use Kanban system”. We agree with our partners that we have to/should control the supply chain and diversify business activities. When striving for safety stock, you should/must keep in mind variability of demand, reliability of supply and dependability of transport. We can’t rely on our old supplier. We mustn’t/have to change the partner. Retell the text “Inventory management” according to the plan: A. Main aspects in inventory management. B. The importance of inventory management. C. Objectives of inventory control. D. Just in Time Stock replenishment. E. Kanban system. SITUATION PRACTICE Make the dialogue about necessity of Inventory management: Useful language: Making a suggestion. Expressing doubt: We should sell out as soon as possible. So, the next thing to do is…

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Why don’t we sell out? What we’ve got to do now is… I am worried about the store’s location. I totally disagree. I’m not sure about that. The solution, then, is to keep the store going. UNIT 7 PLANNING AND ARRANGING TRANSPORT 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: transport, intermodal, multimodal, combination, factor, consolidation, infrastructure, concept, balance, transaction, corporation, distributor, integration, provision, system. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to replace to receive

to impact

Noun

transportation distribution consolidation

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: A B 1) consignee a) грузоотправитель, владелец груза 2) carrier b) грузополучатель 3) freight forwarder c) перевозчик 4) shipper (consignor) d) экспедитор 4. Observe the words and phrases from the text “Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation”:

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airfreight carload cube deep-water vessel diesel-towed barge

авиагруз партия груза на вагон объем глубоководное судно буксируемая баржа с дизельным топливом freight carrier грузовой перевозчик full truckload (FTL) полный груз грузового автомобиля haulage перевозка; буксировка inland shipping внутреннее судоходство less-than-truckload (LTL) мелкая отправка linehaul transportation магистральная перевозка payload полезный груз; грузоподъемность rail transportation железнодорожная перевозка road transportation перевозка автомобильным транспортом sea freight груз по морю; морской фрахт shelf life срок хранения intermodal shipment перевозка с использованием разных видов транспорта одной компанией tradeoff альтернатива, выбор transaction экономическая операция transport cost стоимость перевозки 5. Read and translate the text: Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation The freight transport industry is complex and intermodal as more than one mode may be used to transport a good during its origin-destination journey. Goods are shipped under a single contract, but transportation is performed by several different modes of transport. Land or "ground" shipping can be by train or by truck. Railroads: Since olden times, railroads have handled the largest number of ton-miles. Railways dominated the intercity1 freight tonnage till World War II and in some cases of Europe, Asia and Africa they even connected the 1

зд. междугородный

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countries. This early superiority enabled railways to transport large shipments very economically. Trucking: There are three types of carriers: parcel, full truckload (FTL), and less-than-truckload (LTL). FTL carriers typically carry fully or partially-loaded containers from a shipper to a single destination. LTL carriers collect freight from different shippers, consolidating the goods into containers for line-haul to a terminal. The freight may be further sorted or consolidated at the terminal for continued hauling. Shipment of freight directly from the shipper to the destination is known as a door to door shipment. In comparison to railroads, motor carriers have relatively small fixed investments in terminal facilities and operate on publicly maintained highways. Motor carriers are best suited to handle small shipments moving short distances. Water transport: The main advantage of water transportation is the capacity to move extremely large shipments. Water transport employs 2 types of vessels, deep-water vessels, which are generally designed for oceans and seas and diesel-towed barges, which generally operate on rivers and canals, have considerably more flexibility. Water transport ranks between rail and motor carrier in the fixed cost aspect. The main disadvantage of water transport is the limited range of operation and speed. The capability to carry very high cargo at an extremely low variable cost places this mode of transport in demand when low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration. Air transport: Its major advantage being its speed, which is accompanied by high costs. A coast-to-coast shipment via air requires only a few hours contrast to days taken by other means of transportation. In air and sea shipments, ground transportation is often still required to take the product from its origin to the airport or seaport and then to its destination. Vans and trucks make deliveries to sea ports and air ports where freight is moved in bulk. Thus, truck plus rail, truck plus water, and rail plus water are common multimodal combinations. In case of multimodal transportation the carrier does not possess all the means of transport in practice; the carriage is often performed by sub-carriers. The factors influencing a shipper's choice of transport mode are complex and highly interdependent. They involve tradeoffs between the cost of transportation and overall transit time and delivery reliability. Thus, the shipper is typically the receiver's "agent" in the process and it is his wishes that are honored in the size of shipment and the choice of mode.

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Ordering is a costly process. Smaller shipment sizes typically carry high unit cost of transportation, and if the shipment size is smaller than a full vehicle load, the load must be picked up at the origin by the freight carrier and consolidated before shipment, then deconsolidated and delivered at the destination end. Most LTL carriers, parcel carriers and airfreight systems perform consolidation/deconsolidation of smaller shipments into full vehicle loads. These processes are also expensive, sometimes exceeding the cost of linehaul transportation. The determinants of the choice of transport mode are: 1. Shipper/receiver attributes: High annual use of a product allows the receiver to order large replacement shipments and to take advantage of the low transport costs afforded by economies of scale in shipping associated with large shipment sizes. Excess inventory can be avoided by ordering product more frequently in smaller shipment sizes. Clearly, rail as a mode is uniquely capable of handling larger individual shipments than truck. The typical carload can handle shipment weights up to 200,000 pounds, or more, while a maximum single unit truckload payload is around 50,000 pounds. 2. Commodity attributes: The density of a product influences the choice of vehicle either by loading "heavy," in which case payload is important, or loading "light," in which case cube is more important. Shelf life influences choice of mode by placing a premium on transit time, where longer travel time leads to less time available on the grocer's shelf before the product spoils. Loss and damage may lead to a need for emergency shipments. 3. Transport attributes: These include availability of equipment, transit time, reliability, loss and damage experience. The most important single issue in freight transport is how to achieve a better balance between road transportation, airfreight, rail transportation, sea freight and inland shipping (haulage) taking into account differences in cost, quality of service, safety and environmental impact, and the need to build additional infrastructure. The emerging freight transport system trends demonstrate the importance and necessity of intermodal freight transport systems. In addition, new technologies, and organizational concepts, like City Logistics and third party logistics (3PL), have been introduced in order to cope effectively with the new freight transport demand requirements. Electronic commerce: In business to consumer (B2C) transactions, the Internet provides new opportunities for managing demand, i.e. provision of

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services 24 hours a day and seven days a week forming real-time connections between corporations and their distributors, resellers, suppliers (B2B transactions). Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): The development of identification technologies (Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS), Automatic Vehicle Location/Identification (AVL)/AVI) systems with vehicle routing/scheduling software) facilitate further logistics information exchange and acquisition and allow the fast and accurate tracking and tracing of shipments leading to substantial benefits, i.e. a) time savings, b) increased level of service, c) better utilization of resources, and d) better supply chain integration. In addition the provision of real-time information increases flexibility and responsiveness. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: влияние на окружающую среду, время транзита, дополнительная инфраструктура, надежность поставки, комплектование грузов, плотность продукта, полная загрузка судна, связь в реальном времени сделка, срочные поставки, стоимость транспортировки. 7. Complete the sentence using words and expressions given below: transportation; sea freight; time; shipment; transit; load; freight; utilization; costs; door to door; shelf; chain; consolidated; reliability; rail, truck; road, airfreight 1. The common multimodal combinations are ………..1 plus………2, truck plus water, and rail plus water. 2. Shipment of freight by trucks, directly from the shipper to the destination, is known as a ……………..3 shipment. 3. The choice of a concrete mode of transport is performed after the analysis of the cost of……………….4, overall …………….5 time and delivery…………...6 4. I the shipment size is smaller than a full vehicle…..……7, the load must be picked up at the origin by the …………. 8 carrier and ………………9 before shipment.

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5. Excess inventory can be avoided by ordering product more frequently in smaller ……………10 sizes. 6. The receiver can take advantage of the low transport…………..11. 7. ………..12 life influences choice of mode by placing a premium on transit……….13, where longer travel time leads to less time available on the grocer's shelf before the product spoils. 8. Achieving a better balance between ………14 transportation, ……….15, rail transportation, ………..16 and inland shipping in freight transport. 9. The use of identification technologies leads to time savings, increased level of service, better …………….17 of resources and better supply ……………18 integration. 8. Answer the questions: What are the oldest and the newest means of transportation? What kind of consignment can be shipped by trains, trucks, ships, barges and airplanes? What are the prices for the airfreight comparing other means of transportation? What are advantages and disadvantages of every mode of transport? What are the factors influencing a shipper's choice of transport mode? Why is ordering a costly process? What is the foreign trend in freight transport industry? What does “intermodality” mean? What is the role of Internet in shipping goods? What are the Intelligent Transportation Systems created for? 9. Translate the sentences using the text “Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation”: 1. Наиболее частые способы транспортировки груза – это железные дороги, автострады и водные пути. 2. Интермодальные перевозки задействуют несколько видов транспорта. 3. Если вопрос времени не играет для отправителя важную роль, а вопрос экономии средств является второстепенным, самолет – это самый удобный способ доставки товаров. 4. Факторы, влияющие на выбор вида транспорта, – это стоимость, общее время в пути и надежность поставки.

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5. Многие перевозчики выполняют консолидацию и деконсолидацию сборных грузов. 6. Мультимодальные перевозки, как и интермодальные, являются многовидовыми. Но главной отличительной чертой таких перевозок является то, что их выполняют несколько разных компаний. 10. This table shows the comparative speed and cost of sending a consignment of cloth from London to Madrid (See Language Notes): Means of Transit Frequency of Total cost transport time departure Ship ------------- 10 days Every 12 days £246 Plane ------ 1 day Every day £433 Truck ----------4 days Every 5 days £149 Train ------ 3 days Every 7 days £145 In pairs, compare the different means of sending the consignment, like this: P: Is it quicker by sea than by air? R: No, its’ slower. P: Are trains more frequent than trailers? R: No. They’ are less frequent. P: Is it more expensive by train than by R: No. It’s less plane? expensive. 11. Retell the text “Variables Affecting Choice of Supplier, Shipment Size and Mode in Freight Transportation” according to the plan: A. Intermodality of the freight industry. B. Advantages and disadvantages of every mode of transport. C. The common multimodal combination. D. Factors influencing the shipper’s choice of a transport mode. E. The role of Internet in shipping goods. F. Intelligent Transportation systems. SITUATION PRACTICE

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UNIT 8 SHIPPING GOODS 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: audio, camera, component, container, control, cylindrical, distance, granular, identification, instrument, intermodal, lift, material, million, product, proportion, synthetic, transport, transit. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb Noun to ship movement to transport storage to load reuse 3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: A B

1) flexible intermediate bulk container 2) container ship 3) intermediate bulk shipping container 4) fragile equipment 5) reusable steel box

a) среднегабаритный контейнер для морских перевозок b) многоразовая металлическая коробка c) хрупкое оборудование d) контейнерное судно e) мягкий контейнер для средней грузоподъемности для насыпных продуктов

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4. Observe the “Containerization”: bulk

words

bulk bin conventional cargo corrugated box crate drum insulated shipping containers packing list pallet road-trailer skid box special railway wagon storage unit tanktainer tote box transit and flight case unit load device wage bill

and

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крупная партия груза, перевозимая навалом, сложенная на борт транспортного средства масса продукции без какой-либо упаковки бункер для перевозки грузов навалом или насыпью конвенциональный груз ящик из гофрированной фибры клеть, деревянный ящик, решетчатая тара, упаковочная корзина ящик для упаковки сушеных фруктов или бочка защищенный контейнер для морских перевозок опись комплекта поставки поддон дорожный прицеп ящик на полозьях вагон специального назначения отделение хранилища контейнер для перевозки безвредных и опасных жидкостей ящик, используемый для внутрискладского перемещения продуктов ящик для перевозки и транзита устройство комплектования грузов ведомость заработной платы

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5. Read and translate the text: Containerization Many big ports today are containerized, for example, in Britain Tilbury (London) and Southampton can handle containers. The handling of containers has many advantages over conventional cargo. It takes fewer men to handle containers than to load and unload conventional cargoes because it’s quicker. A hundred men take about three weeks to unload and load a conventional ship, so it takes only fifteen men about four days to unload and load a container ship. Also there is special loading equipment. There are special container carriers in all kinds of transport: road-trailers, special railway wagons, and container ships. There are also containers specially designed to fit in airplanes. At his place of business the exporter packs the goods into a container which is not opened until it arrives at its destination. On the other hand fewer goods are stolen and fewer goods are damaged when they are sent in containers. A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. Corrugated box: Corrugated boxes are commonly used as shipping containers. They are made of corrugated fiberboard which is light weight, recyclable, and strong enough to ship a variety of products. Crate: It is a large container, often made of wood, used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing. Drum: Drums are cylindrical shipping containers made of steel, plastic or fiber. They are often used for liquids and granular materials. Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container (FIBC): It is a big bag, bulk bag, or super sack is a standardized container in large dimensions for storing and transporting and storing granular products. It is often made of a woven synthetic material. Insulated shipping containers: They are a type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy.

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Intermediate bulk shipping container, a typical IBC: It is a container used for transport and storage of fluids and bulk materials. The construction may be plastic, composite, steel, stainless steel, etc. Some are foldable (collapsable). Intermodal freight containers: A spine car with a 20 ft tanktainer and an open-top 20 ft container with canvas cover. Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries. There are approximately seventeen million intermodal containers in the world and a large proportion of the world's long distance freight generated by international trade is transported inside shipping containers. Specialized shipping containers: These are the custom containers used for shipments of products such as weapons and aviation components. Often, these shipping containers are reusable. Transit and Flight Case: Flight cases and transit cases are usually custom designed for shipping and carrying fragile equipment: audio visual, camera, instruments, etc. Although generally light in construction, they tend to have reinforced edges and corners. Unit Load Device: ULD is a container used to cargo on commercial aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. Each ULD has its own packing list, manifest, or tracking identification to improve control and tracking of contents. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: габариты; жидкость; коммерческий самолет, контейнер в форме цилиндра; лекарственные препараты; международная торговля; нержавеющая сталь; обеспечивать сохранность и свежесть продукта; обеспечивать тарой; перевозка и транзит; погрузить контейнер на судно; прослеживание перемещения товара; специальный погрузочный контейнер; список комплектующихся товаров; тара из гофрированной фибры; упаковывать груз в контейнер; хрупкий груз. 7. Complete the sentence using words and expressions given below:

wooden boxes; an intermediate bulk container (IBC); drums; a ULD; liquids and granular materials; reusable; unemployment; a shipping container; corrugated box; government or military shipments. 58

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1. ………............1 are often used for shipping heavy and dense products. 2. ………………..2 is a container used for transport and storage of fluids and bulk materials. 3. ……………3 are cylindrical shipping containers made of steel, plastic or fiber. 4. ….……….4 can be a pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. 5. Drums are often used for ………......5. 6. Often, specialized shipping containers are …………..6. 7. When many people have no jobs, this is called ……………....7. 8. ………………8 is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. 9. ………………9 is made of corrugated fiberboard which is light weight, recyclable, and strong enough to ship a variety of products. 10. Wooden box is sometimes specified for shipments of ……………….10. 8. Answer the questions: 1. What are the advantages of shipping goods in containers over conventional cargo? 2. What does shipping container mean? 3. What are the characteristics of containers, boxes, crates and drums? In what way are they different? 4. What container is suitable for carrying nearly all kinds of products? 5. What containers are used for transporting: foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals; large and heavy item; raw materials; liquids and granular materials; weapons and aviation components; fluids and bulk materials; audio visual equipment? 9. Translate the sentences using the text “Containerization”: 1. Существует огромное количество погрузочных машин для различного вида транспорта: дорожный прицеп, специальный железнодорожный вагон, контейнерное судно. 2. Для погрузки груза в самолет существуют специальные контейнеры.

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3. Специальная техника для погрузки контейнеров довольно дорога, и многие порты до сих пор еще не готовы к владению таким оборудованием. 4. В мире существует около 17 миллионов интермодальных контейнеров. 5. Ящик из гофрированной фибры легок, выдерживает большое количество килограммов, к тому же он пригоден для повторного использования. 6. Решетчатая клеть – это огромный контейнер, часто сделанный из дерева и используемый для транспортировки громоздких и тяжелых грузов. 7. Тара обычного образца используется для погрузки оружия и военного арсенала. 8. Ящики для перевозки и транзита используются для перевозки и погрузки хрупких грузов: фотоаппаратов, инструментов и т.д.; они легки в сборке и имеют укрепленные края и углы. 9. При перевозке в контейнерах любой груз может разбиться, также его могут похитить. Choose the right positive, comparative or superlative forms (See Language Notes): 1. Was it .......... to send containers by sea? a) reliable b) more reliable c) the most reliable. 2. We believe delivering this important paper by plane would be the……..solution. a) good b) best c) better 3. Insulated shipping containers are environmentally……………… for transporting pharmaceuticals and chemicals than intermediate bulk shipping containers. a) safest b) safer c) more safe d) the safest e) the most safest 4. Shipping cargo across the continents and the sea is…………..in the intermodal freight containers. a) the quickest b) more quicker c) quicker 5. Delivering weapons in the specialized shipping containers is the……………….way. a) more fast b) fastest c) faster d) the most fastest 6. The delivery of audio visual, camera, instruments in the transit and flight case is the………………way. a) preferable b) more preferable c) preferable d) most preferable

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7. It is the………….decision to have this consignment shipped through the river this season. a) bad b) worse c) worst 8. It is …………..to send these urgent goods as airfreight. a) suitably b) the most suitable c) more suitable 9. Shipping the consignment by intermodal transport is ……….than transporting only on the roads. a) likeable b) more likeable c) the most likeable Retell the text “Containerization” according to the plan: A. B. C. D.

The phenomenon of containerization. The main purpose of container-carriers. Intermodal freight container. The difference between corrugated box, wooden box, drum, and bulk box. E. Insulated shipping container and ULD. SITUATION PRACTICE

Make up a dialogue: Decide which mode of transport and type of shipping of certain goods on designated routes you will choose. Say why you think this method is the best and why you did not choose the other methods: Route: Tokyo-Rio de Janeiro, London-Sydney, Hamburg-Ottawa, New York-Alexandria, Genoa-Buenos Aires, Moscow-Delhi, VladivostokHelsinki, Dublin-Madrid. Cargo: meat, steel pipes, crude oil, industrial boilers, seafood, alcohol, dairy products, tractors, chilled or frozen foodstuffs, harmful chemicals, audio and video equipment. Transporting by: rail, air, road, sea, river. Characteristics of transport: fast/slow, cheap/expensive, reliable/unreliable, safe/unsafe, suitable/unsuitable, environmentally safe. Types of shipping: unimodal, intermodal, multimodal Useful language: We would recommend this type of container for…...It is particularly suitable for ...As an extra, we also offer…

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UNIT 9 INCOTERMS

1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: airport, commercial, component, container, context, control, distance, economy, factor, identification, material, object, option, physical, process, temperature, transit, transport. 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to insure to originate to guarantee

Noun Shipment protection Freight

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B:

1) 2) 3) 4)

A sales contract freight charge duty frontier

a) b) c) d)

B граница пошлина договор купли-продажи плата за перевозку груза

4. Observe

the words and phrases from the text “International Commercial Terms”: to bear all risks carriage paid to (CPT)

нести все возможные риски перевозка оплачена до…..

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carriage and insurance paid to (CIP): chamber of commerce cost and freight (CFR) cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) delivered at frontier (DAF) delivery duty paid (DDP) delivered duty unpaid (DDU) delivered ex quay (DEQ) delivered ex ship (DES) ex works (EXW) free alongside ship (FAS) free carrier (FCA): free on board (FOB) multimodal transport Incoterms (International Commercial Terms).

перевозка и страхование оплачены до…. внешнеторговая палата стоимость и фрахт стоимость, страхование и фрахт доставка до границы поставка с оплатой пошлин до… поставка без оплаты пошлин поставка с причала поставка с судна франко-завод свободно вдоль борта судна франко- перевозчик свободно на борту, ФОБ транспортировка несколькими видами транспорта, разными компаниями-перевозчиками Инкотермс, Международные правила толкования торговых терминов

5. Read and translate the text: International Commercial Terms When goods are sent from a seller to a buyer, each party has to know exactly which of the costs and risks of transportation he had to bear. In order to avoid disagreements, the sales contract usually stipulates1 one of the thirteen terms of delivery developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris. These are known as Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) to define sellers' and buyers' responsibilities. The first version was introduced in 1936 and the present dates from 2000. Determinants of the choice of Incoterms are modes of transportation/intermodal, risk, location, buyer/seller relations, ability to arrange transport, nature of the cargo. In general, the choice of Incoterms is the exporter’s decision. 1

зд.обговаривать

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Incoterms are grouped into four groups according to the first letters: Group E – Departure: the passing point of cost ad risk is when the goods leave the seller’s premises EXW Ex-Works (named place): This term represents the maximum obligation for the buyer: the seller has the goods ready for collection at his factory, and the buyer has to cover all costs and bear all risks until they reach his warehouse. It can be used for all forms of transport. Group F – Main Carriage Unpaid: the buyer pays the freight (carriage) costs FCA Free carrier (named place): The seller delivers the goods cleared for export, into the custody of the first carrier (named by the buyer) at the named place (this is the point at which the passing of risk and costs from the seller to the buyer occurs). The buyer arranges and pays for transportation, freight and insurance. This term is suitable for all modes of transport, including carriage by air, rail, road, and containerised / multimodal transport. FAS Free alongside ship (named loading port): The seller must clear the goods for export and pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment, The buyer pays for everything else (loading, freight, insurance, unloading and transportation from the port of destination to his warehouse). The passing of risk occurs when the goods have been delivered and placed alongside the ship at the named port. Suitable for maritime transport only. FOB Free on board (named loading port): The seller must load the goods on board the ship nominated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail. The seller must clear the goods for export. The exporter’s liability for goods ceases once they are delivered to the carrier. Maritime transport only. It also includes air transport when the seller is not able to export the goods on the schedule time mentioned in the letter of credit. In this case the seller allows a deduction of sum equivalent to the carriage by ship from the air carriage. Group C – Main Carriage Paid: the seller pays the carriage costs. CFR Cost and freight (named destination port): The exporter pays the ocean shipping/air freight costs to bring the goods to the port of destination. (For example, C&F Los Angeles: the exporter pays the ocean shipping/air freight costs to Los Angeles). However, risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods have crossed the ship's rail. Maritime transport only.

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CIF Cost, insurance, and freight (named destination port): Exactly the same as CFR except that the seller must in addition procure and pay for insurance for the buyer. Maritime transport only. CPT Carriage Paid To (named place of destination): The general/containerised/multimodal equivalent of CFR. The seller pays for carriage to the named point of destination, but risk and freight costs pass when the goods are handed over to the first carrier. The buyer arranges and pays for transportation and insurance. CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place of destination): The containerised transport/multimodal equivalent of CIF. Seller pays for carriage and insurance to the named destination point, but risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first carrier. Group D – Arrival: the passing point of cost and risk is on arrival in the buyer’s country DAF Delivered at Frontier (named place): This term can be used when the goods are transported by overland transport (rail and road). The seller covers all costs and bears all risks until the goods reached a named point at the frontier. The passing of risk occurs at the frontier. The buyer pays all costs and bears all risks involved in transporting the goods from the frontier to his warehouse. He also pays duty and arranges for customs clearance. DES Delivered ex ship (named port): The seller and the buyer share the costs exactly as described under CIF. The difference is in the passing of risk; this occurs after the ship has arrived at the port of destination and the goods made available for unloading to the buyer. Costs for unloading the goods and any duties, taxes, etc… are for the buyer. A commonly used term in shipping bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, dry chemicals. DEQ Delivered ex Quay (named port): This is similar to DES, but the passing of risk does not occur until the goods have been unloaded at the port of destination. DDP Delivery Duty Paid (named destination place): This term means that the seller pays for all transportation costs and bears all risk until the goods have been delivered and pays the duty. Also used interchangeably with the term "Free Domicile". This Incoterms constitutes the seller’s maximum obligation. DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid: (named destination place) The seller delivers the goods to the buyer to the named place of destination in the contract of sale. The goods are not cleared for import or unloaded from any form of transport at the place of destination. The buyer is

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responsible for the costs and risks for the unloading, duty and any subsequent delivery beyond the place of destination. Thus, some terms are only for carriage by sea: FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. For containerized manufactured goods: FCA, CPT or CIP. For breakbulk: EXW, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP (not FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF) are used. EXW, DDU, DDP: for any cargo. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below. Make up your own sentences with them: доставить партию товара, оплатить таможенную пошлину, организовать отправку груза, перевозить товар с границы до склада, перевозка товара воздушным транспортом, плата за перевозку груза, порт погрузки, сквозная доставка товаров, товары, причал; переход, передача риска; порт погрузки; организовать отправку груза; возмещать; перила судна, леер; грузовой перевозчик; разгружать; склад; завод; поручни судна; наземный транспорт; порт назначения; первый перевозчик; максимальное обязательство; оплатить страховку. 7. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: seller; destination; pay; buyer; carrier; obligation; shipment; carriage; transit; goods; contract; carrier 1. In the international trade transaction three parties are involved, the seller, the buyer and the ………….1. 2. One of the main purposes of Incoterms is to provide for the different roles of the parties in relation to the ……………2 of carriage. 3. While under the terms starting with the letter C or D it is for the ………….3 to make the contract with the………….4, under the trade terms starting with the letter E or F it is for the ………………..5 to do so. 4. If the seller has concluded a contract of carriage under the Dterms he must be in control during the entire ……………6 to the place where the……….7 are to be delivered to the buyer. 5. It is the seller’s ………………..8 to ensure that the goods can be delivered to the buyer at the indicated place of…………...9. 6. If something goes wrong during the ………….10 it is the seller's risk as distinguished from the situation where he merely has to arrange and

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…………11 for the carriage under the ……………..12 terms starting with the letter C. 8. Answer the questions: What is the aim of Incoterms? What Incoterm is suitable for all modes of transport? Can you name the terms which are suitable for rail and road transport? DAF can be used for transporting cargo by rail and by road. True or False? DDP is the most favourable Incoterm for the buyer, isn’t it? Do Incoterms state what means of transportation should be used? Different Incoterms mean different costs, risks and responsibilities both for the seller and the buyer, don’t they? Ex works means that the seller has the smallest responsibility. Is it true? What Incoterms are meant for sea and inland waterway transport only 9. Translate the sentences using the text “International Commercial Terms”: 1. Инкотермс разделены на четыре групп (E, F, C и D) по моменту исполнения продавцом своей обязанности относительно поставки товара. 2. Группа E включает термины, охватывающие отгрузку: товар передается покупателю непосредственно в месте нахождения продавца. 3. Термины группа F подразумевают, что основная перевозка продавцом не оплачивается. 4. Группа C означает, что основная перевозка оплачивается продавцом. 5. К группе D относятся термины, связанные с прибытием товара. 10. Rewrite the sentences into reported questions, like this (See Language Notes): 1. Could you give me a quotation CIF? (He asked her if (whether) she could give him a quotation CIF). 2. She asked them “Do you send containerized goods?”

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3. He asked Jack “Have you arrived at the port?” 4. They told us “Please, place the cargo alongside ship”. 5. She asked him “What’s your address? 6. He asked me “Does the price include insurance?” 7. She asked him “Let me know about the delivery as soon as possible”. 8. She asked him “Have you ever exported to Austria?” SITUATION PRACTICE 11. Work out what the terms were for these consignments and write about them like this : When BOS exported stationery, they paid all the costs to the importer’s warehouse. (The terms can’t have been ex works. They must have been franco) 1. When GLM imported motorbikes, they arranged all the costs of transportation and the insurance. 2. When Millco exported cloth to New York, they paid the transportation costs until the goods were on the ship. The importer arranged the seafreight and other payments. 3. When JLN imported goods, they did not arrange any transportation until the goods were at the port of arrival, but they paid the insurance premium themselves. 4. When FSX exported goods, they paid all the transportation costs until the goods were at the port of arrival. They also paid the insurance. 5. When PDT exported a consignment of cars, they paid for the cars to be put on a train, but that is all. 6. When Moore & Moore imported shoes, they had to arrange payment of all the costs from the port of departure, including loading the goods on to the ship. Remember that the terms only show who arranges the transportation and pays the shipping company. Importers always pay all the transportation and insurance costs, whether they pay the shipping company or whether they pay the exporter. Role-play a dialogue on Ex.11: A: I think the terms were FOB B: You’re right. They must have been FOB. A: I don’t think the terms were CIF. B: You’re right. They can’t have been CIF. 12. Retell the text “International Commercial Terms”

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UNIT 10 WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: business, central, credit, design, elevator, local, logistics, material, operation, optimization, process, product, program, result, role strategy, technology 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to manufacture to transit to certify

Noun export inspection reduction

3. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: A

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

equipment item license order quantity loading warehouse cash flow

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

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B поток денежных средств количество оборудование склад погрузка продукт лицензия заказ

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4. Observe the words and phrases from the text “Warehousing Today”: back up area to bypass collation crane cross-docking customer dissatisfaction damaged delivery direct owner delivery dispatch forklift handling

loading dock marshalling area master file maintenance order-picking area overstocking pallet pallet rack picking receipt silo shipping route understocking

резервный фонд обходить сличение, сопоставление подъемный кран сквозная система складирования неудовлетворенность потребителей нарушенная доставка прямая доставка до заказчика отправка, отсылка вилочный автопогрузчик обработка грузов (погрузочноразгрузочные работы, сортировка, упаковка, маркировка и пр.) погрузочная платформа место сосредоточения основной файл поставок отдел комплектации по заказу создание запаса сверх нормы европоддон стеллаж из поддонов захват, разгрузка, выборка чек, заявка, расписка бункер для хранения маршрут морской перевозки недостаточный запас товаров

5. Read and translate the text: Warehousing Today Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. Some businesses have central

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warehouses that feed smaller local warehouses. These are often placed strategically throughout the country to take advantage of shipping routes from major cities. Warehouses are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns and villages. They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, or commerce. Different warehouses are constructed for specific goods. While selecting the types of warehouse, one has to take into consideration the factors like the nature of goods, the quality and the climatic condition. From the point of view of structure, the following types of warehouses are found: classical warehouse is a single storey building divided into various big or small rooms to store of general nature, silo is a vertical structure room equipped with mechanical devices, bins are small cylindrical cabins of different sizes meant to store varieties of products, elevator is a big vertical premise and are of craned types, portable warehouse is a type of temporary warehouse which can be removed or set in a short time. A warehouse is typically divided into areas to support every day processes. First of all, there is the receiving area. That’s where all incoming goods arrive and documentation is checked and recorded. Goods are often unpacked and repacked here to make their format more suitable for warehouse handling. The back-up storage area holds most of warehouse inventory. In the order picking area the goods are selected in the right quantities that mean the quantities required by the customer. Here we also break the bulk. That means, for example, after receiving goods in large quantities (e.g. pallets), we need to pack them in smaller separate units for the customer. The sortation area deals with smaller order sizes. After picking, the goods are consolidated and made ready for dispatch. Some warehouses also provide some additional value beyond receiving, storing and shipping such as labeling, re-labeling product, applying price stickers, a special kitting process. This part of warehouse operations is called collation and value-added service. The final stage in warehouse operations is the marshalling and dispatch area. The goods are brought together to form vehicle goods and are then loaded onto vehicles for onward dispatch. There are several modern trends in managing storage of goods.

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The JIT system promotes product delivery directly from suppliers to consumer without the use of warehouses. Recent retailing trends have led to the development of warehouse-style retail stores when the same building serves as both warehouse and retail store. Another trend relates to Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). This gives the vendor the control to maintain the level of stock in the store. In some cases, companies even bypass warehousing altogether by using cross docking. Cross docking is a method of moving products from the point of origin or manufacture directly to the consumer. Efficient picking and packaging rely heavily on the logistics management of the warehouse. The slotting profile, or arrangement of stored goods, can have a great impact on how safely and how quickly workers can pick orders and pack them. Warehousing is simple; it is about getting your products to your customers on time. Unfortunately, simple does not always mean easy. In fact, warehousing is arguably the demanding part of any product based business. An underperforming warehousing operation can cost a great deal of time and money. Inefficiencies and mistakes can lead to overstocking or understocking, late or damaged deliveries, customer credits and cash flow difficulties. And they will always lead to customer dissatisfaction. 6. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below. Make up your own sentences with these words and phrases: быть готовым к отгрузке; запас, управляемый поставщиком; местный склад; нераспакованный товар; облегчить процесс сортировки; отдел сортировки; отдел сосредоточения; оптимизация складской системы; отдельные блоки; перевозка; подходящее количество; подходящий формат; получать товар; приемлемая цена; распределять продукцию; сырье, маркировка, упаковывать заказ, упаковывать в картон. 7. Complete the sentence using words and expressions given below: raw materials, separate units, software and communications technology, Just In Time; dispatch, overstocking or understocking, labeling, cross docking, receiving area, major cities, warehouse-style retail stores 1. There are many different ways to manage storage of goods and…………....1.

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2. These are often placed strategically throughout the country to take advantage of shipping routes from………2. 3. ………….......3 that is where all incoming goods arrive and documentation is checked and recorded. 4. After receiving goods in large quantities (e.g. pallets), we need to pack them in smaller ……..4 for the customer. 5. After picking, the goods are consolidated and made ready for….5. 6. Some warehouses also provide special services such as ...……6. 7. ……………….7 is a method of moving products from the point of origin or manufacture directly to the consumer. 8. By using…………….…..8, warehouses can pick orders more quickly with few errors. 9. Inefficiencies and mistakes can lead to………………..….9. 10. Traditional warehousing has declined since the last decades of the 20th century, with the gradual introduction of……………………10 techniques, ………………….11 and Vendor Managed Inventory.

area?

8. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer the questions: What are the names of the main areas in any warehouse? What does receiving area mean? What is the back-up storage area created for? What is the difference between order picking area and sortation

5. What value added services do warehouses usually provide? 6. What mistakes in warehouse functioning can be the reason of customer dissatisfaction? 9. Translate the sentences using the text “Warehousing Today”: 1. Существует огромное количество способов хранения товаров и сырья. 2. Складские помещения обычно располагаются около крупных городов. 3. Зона приема товара - это отдел, в котором происходит контроль и получение входящего потока товаров и документации. 4. После получения товара в больших количествах в поддонах необходимо распределить их в отдельные блоки для отправки заказчику.

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5. После сортировки товар комплектуется и готовится к отправке. 6. Некоторые склады предлагают также дополнительные услуги, например маркировку. 7. Сквозная система складирования представляет собой процесс приема и отгрузки товара через склад напрямую без расположения груза в зоне долговременного хранения. 8. Некомпетентность и ошибки могут привести к созданию запасов сверх нормы или, наоборот, к недостаточному количеству запасов. 9. Оптимизация складкой системы означает укомплектованность штата, налаженный процесс, правильное ведение отчетов, безопасное хранение и своевременная доставка товара клиенту. Language notes: REPORED QUESTIONS

10. In threes, take your information from the Transworld brochure opposite and make enquiries and report questions as if the enquirer is on the phone, like this: A: Do you arrange transportation? D: Ask them if they arrange B: What did he want to know? transportation. C: Whether we arrange transportation. E: Do you arrange transportation? A: Can you store goods? F: He wanted to know if we B: What did she want to know? arranged transportation. C: Whether we could store goods. 11. Rewrite the sentences into reported questions, like this: P: Can I send a container to Turin? He asked/wondered if (whether) he could send a container to Turin. 1. Can I send a container to Rome by trailer? 2. So we are carrying live animals? 3. Will it be cheaper to send goods to Hamburg by road or rail? 4. Can we collect the consignment from their factory? 5. Do we handle corrugated boxes? 6. What are the European trailer charges?

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TRANWORLD FREIGHT PLC The biggest name in freight forwarding Hamburg Oslo Stockholm Transworld GmbH Transworld AS Transworld AB Rotterdam Milan Manchester Transworld Freight plc Transworld NL Transworld SpA London Marseilles Tokyo Transworld Freight plc Transworld SARL Transworld KK Rio de Janeiro Sydney New York Transworld Ltda Transworld Freight Transworld Freight (Pty) Ltd Inc How we can help you: We arrange transportation worldwide We prepare documentation We handle conventional cargo and containers (NB no live animals) We handle imports and exports We handle customs procedures We can advise you on the best means of transport We can do your packing We can collect and deliver goods locally We can advise you on your quotations to customers 10. Complete the sentences with suitable relative pronouns “who”, “that,” “which”. Give alternative options if possible. Put brackets round the relative pronouns you can leave out (See Language Notes): 1. She met Mr. Smith ………. ws responsible for consolidating the cargo. 2. This is an equipment ………...we load the cargo into the ship. 3. The clients went to the central warehouses ………..fed smaller local warehouses. 4. The inventory ……….. we hold in the back-up storage area must be replenished. 5. Labeling and marking are the services ……… can be provided by some warehouses. 6. Cross docking is a method ……… allows to move products from the point of origin or manufacture directly to the consumer.

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7. The warehouse logistics manager …….. I knew was a professional ……….. was able to do all things excellently: hiring, coaching, directing the staff of over 10 people. 8. The tasks ………. are performed by the warehouse supervisor include receiving, unpacking, checking and storing products and many others. 9. We should implement the Warehouse Management System (WMS) ……….. records all events and actions in the receipt, handling and storage of products and orders in a warehouse environment. 11. A. B. C. D. E. F.

Retell the text “Warehousing Today” according to the plan: Types of warehouses. Warehouse areas. The main functions that warehouses perform. Modern trends in managing storage of goods. Simple doesn’t always mean easy. Main points of running warehouses. SITUATION PRACTICE

12. Read the situation and role-play it with a partner: You run the warehouse management system at Schmidt Electronics Group Ltd. Company’s logo is “Identity to life”. Tell your partner about the system of warehousing. Matching the following words to the stages of the process will help to disclose the task easily: packing, shipping, inventory control, put away, issue purchase order to supplier, picking, goods receiving, issue shipping notes. Useful language: Introducing the topic, giving a plan of the talk, inviting questions I’m going to tell you about the ideas we’ve come up with for this project; This morning, I’d like to outline the campaign concept we’ve developed for you. Firstly, I’ll give you the background to the campaign. Secondly, I’ll discuss the means we plan to use. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to interrupt me.

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UNIT 11 DOCUMENTS IN FOREIGN TRADE 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: address, bank, certification, collection, commerce, contract, control, copy, date, documentation, export, firm, import, inspection, instrument, international, license, limit, local, method, organization, port, process, product, result, service, specialist, tare, tariff 3. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb Noun to insure statement certificate to invoice receipt license 4. Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: A B a) таможенный налог 1) importing country 2) amount of coverage b) груз 3) cargo c) таможенная пошлина 4) customs duty d) товар на экспорт 5) export item e) страна-отправитель f) страховая сумма 5. Observe the words “Documentation in Logistics”: air waybill (AWB) bill of lading (BOL)

and

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авианакладная транспортного груза грузовая накладная; коносамент; транспортная накладная

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bill of exchange certificate of origin commercial invoice consular invoice customs invoice destination control statement dock receipt export license export packing list to honour insurance certificate to itemize letter of credit (L/C) merchandise quality certificate net port of embarkation warehouse receipt

вексель сертификат о происхождении груза коммерческий счет-фактура консульский счет-фактура таможенный счет-фактура заявление о контроле места назначения доковая расписка разрешение (лицензия) на экспорт упаковочный лист оплачивать трату, или акцептовать страховое свидетельство перечислять по пунктам аккредитив товар сертификат качества сальдо (о прибыли, доходе, весе) порт погрузки квитанция на товар

6. Read and translate the text: Documentation in Logistics When preparing to ship a product overseas, the exporter needs to be aware of packing, labeling, documentation, and insurance requirements. As the goods are shipped by unknown carriers to distant customers, the new exporter must be sure to follow all shipping requirements to help ensure that the merchandise is packed correctly so that it arrives in good condition; labeled correctly to ensure that the goods are handled properly and arrive on time and at the right place; documented correctly to meet local and foreign government requirements as well as proper collection standards; and insured against damage, loss, and pilferage1 and, in some cases, delay. The following documents are commonly used in exporting: Air waybill: A consignment note for goods sent by air that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicates that the carrier has accepted the goods 1

хищение груза

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listed, obligates the carrier to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. Bill of lading (BOL): A transportation document that is the contract of carriage containing the terms and conditions between the shipper (owner of the goods) and the carrier. The customer usually needs the original or a copy as proof of ownership to take possession of the goods. Bill of exchange: A written request from a creditor to a debtor ordering the debtor to pay a specified sum to a specified person or bearer at a certain date. Certificate of origin: An international business document that certifies the country of origin of the shipment (export item). Such certificates are usually obtained through a semiofficial organization such as a local chamber of commerce. Combined transport document: A consignment note for goods sent by more than one means of transport. Commercial invoice: It is an official document which includes basic information about the transaction, i.e. the name and address of the buyer and seller, the description of the product(s) being shipped, and their value for customs, insurance, the delivery and payment terms. The buyer needs the invoice to prove ownership and to arrange payment. Consular invoice: A document, required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by the consulate of the foreign country to which the goods are being shipped and usually must be prepared in the language of that country, it is used by the country's custom for controlling and identifying goods. Customs invoice: Extended form of commercial invoice required by customs. Destination control statement: This statement appears on the commercial invoice, ocean or air waybill of lading, and Shipper’s Export Declaration to notify the carrier and all foreign parties that the item may be exported only to certain destinations. Dock receipt and warehouse receipt: It is used to transfer accountability when the export item is moved by the domestic carrier to the port of embarkation and left with the international carrier for export. Export license: A document which is granted by a government authority and states that specified goods can be exported.

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Export packing list: Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard domestic packing list, an export packing list itemizes the material in each individual package and indicates the type of package: box, crate, drum, carton, and so on. It shows the individual net, legal, tare, and gross weights and measurements for each package. Inspection certification: Some purchasers and countries may require a certificate of inspection attesting to the specifications of the goods shipped, usually performed by a third party. Inspection certificates are often obtained from independent testing organizations. Insurance certificate: If the seller provides insurance, the insurance certificate states the type and amount of coverage. This instrument is negotiable. Letter of credit: An international business document that assures the seller that payment will be made by the bank issuing the letter of credit upon fulfillment of the sales agreement; a letter from a banker authorizing a person to draw money up to a specified amount, usually from another bank. Release for shipment: Documentation must be precise. Slight discrepancies or omissions1 may prevent merchandise from being exported, result in exporting firms not getting paid, or even result in the seizure of the exporter's goods by local or foreign government customs. The number of documents the exporter must deal with varies depending on the destination of the shipment. Because each country has different import regulations, the exporter must be careful to provide proper documentation. If the exporter does not rely on the services of a freight forwarder, there are several methods of obtaining information on foreign import restrictions: Foreign government embassies and consulates can often provide information on import regulations. The Air Cargo Tariff Guidebook lists country-by-country regulations affecting air shipments. The National Council on International Trade Documentation (NCITD) provides several low-cost publications that contain information on specific documentation commonly used in international trade. 7. Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below. Make up your own sentences with these words and phrases:

1

зд. оплошность

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биркование, вес брутто, документ о комбинированной перевозке, задерживать, Национальный комитет международной торговой документации (США), платеж, перевозить, приводить в порядок, прикреплять, регистрировать, свидетельство об осмотре, справочник шкалы сборов пошлины по воздушному транспорту, услуги экспедитора, экономическая операция, экспортная декларация грузоотправителя 8. Complete the sentences using words and expressions given below: shipping requirements, amount of coverage, port of embarkation, international carrier, inspection, local chamber of commerce, consulate of the country, Bills of lading, delivery and payment terms, commercial invoice. 1. The exporter must be sure to follow all ……… 1 to help ensure that the merchandise is packed correctly so that it arrives in good condition. 2. The ………....2 is a bill for the goods from the buyer to the seller. 3. A commercial invoice should include basic information about the including a description of the goods, the address of the shipper and seller, and the …………3. 4. …………4 are contracts between the owner of the goods and the carrier (as with domestic shipments). 5. Consular invoice must be certified by the ……..…5 to which the goods are being shipped and usually must be prepared in the language of that country. 6. Certificates of origin are usually obtained through such organization as a ……….…6. 7. ………7certificates are often obtained from independent testing organizations. 8. Dock receipt and warehouse receipt are used to transfer accountability when the export item is moved by the domestic carrier to the ……..8 and left with the ………9 for export. 9. The insurance certificate states the type and ..……….. 10.

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9. Answer the questions: In what case should an exporter know properly how to ship the goods? Of what things should she/he be aware? What are the obligatory documents accompanying goods? What another important documents can be mentioned? Why must documentation for export be precise? 10. Translate the sentences using the text “Documentation in Logistics”: Страховое свидетельство устанавливает вид и страховую сумму товара. Сертификаты о происхождении груза приобретаются в местной внешторговой палате. Свидетельство об осмотре выдается независимой экспертной комиссией. Консульский счет-фактура должен быть приобретен в консульстве страны погрузки товара и написан на языке страны отправителя. Коммерческий счет-фактура должен включать характеристику товара, адрес отправителя и продавца, а также условия поставки и оплаты. Доковая расписка и квитанция на товар используются для подотчетности товара, когда груз доставляется внутренним перевозчиком в порт погрузки для передачи его международному перевозчику. Коносамент – это контракт между владельцем товара и перевозчиком. Коммерческая фактура – это документ между покупателем и продавцом. Экспортер должен соблюсти все требования поставки, убедиться, что товар упакован правильно и будет доставлен в целости и сохранности.

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11. Change verb tenses in sentences below into Present Continuous, Future Simple, Past Simple and Present Perfect tenses: 1. The exporter in UK loads consignment on board ship and receives Bill of Lading. 2. The importer pays money into bank in Australia which sends it to exporter’s bank in UK. 3. The importer in Australia exchanges Bill of Lading for consignment. 4. The bank in Australia gives Bill of Lading and other shipping documents to importer. 5. The exporter writes Bill of Exchange. 6. The UK bank sends two bills and other documents to bank in Australia. 7. The bank in Australia sends accepted Bill of Exchange to exporter in UK. 8. The importer writes ‘accepted’ on Bill of Exchange and signs it. 9. The exporter gives two bills and other shipping documents to bank in UK. 10. The exporter exchanges Bill of Exchange for money at bank in UK. 12. Decide which phrasal verb replaces the more formal verbs used in the sentences below (See Language Notes). In pairs, use the phrasal verbs with nouns and with pronouns, like this: To effect insurance cover. P: I’m going to take out insurance cover. R: Let me take it out for you. take out – fill in – turn off – put in – work out – take off – look up A. To submit a claim D. To calculate the premium B. To deduct the discount E. To find the word C. To complete the form F. To stop the photocopier 13. Define the meaning of the given phrasal verbs and make up sentences with them: hand in; go on, give up; keep up; look for; object to; point out; pick up; put forward.

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14. Read out one of your definitions of a document from the text “Documentation in Logistics” to the class. Another student shall guess which word you are defining: P: I sent him the... you know, the consignment note for sending goods by sea. What was it called? R: Bill of Lading. P: That's right I sent him the Bill of Lading SITUATION PRACTICE

15. Read the situation and role-play it: You are a freight forwarder. Call your partner to inform him/her about a delivery delay. Partner A: You are a customer in Manchester. You are expecting to have something picked up from your premises tomorrow at 9 a.m. Partner B: You have just checked the documents for a shipment to a customer in Manchester and noticed that there is something wrong. The pallet height is not the same as in the picking list and the shipping labels are not correct either. You need to wait for correct documents. That’s why pick-up time must be changed to 12.30. Use phrases from this unit.

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UNIT 12 JOBS IN LOGISTICS 1. Read the following international words. Define their meanings comparing them to the meanings of the corresponding Russian words: activity, clerk, coordinator, creative, enthusiasm, manager, operation, specialist, supervisor, technician 2. Complete the table using suitable forms: Verb to manage to coordinate

to sell to maintain to train to resolve to review to analyze to fill to monitor to pick

Noun

Verb to receive

evaluation

to operate

demonstration responsibility

to distribute to enter to lift

update

to facilitate

procurement to hire to coach

negotiation

to unpack to check to ensure

preparation estimate

to supervise

delivery

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Noun verification count

move collaboration provision

direction

organization storage

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3 Translate English words and phrases in column A using Russian words and phrases from column B: А B 1) delivery driver a) водитель грузовика 2) delivery technician b) менеджер цепи поставок 3) diesel technician c) кладовщик 4) import export coordinator d) менеджер по посылкам и транспортировке 5) distribution center manager e) торговый представитель 6) equipment inventory f) клерк по отправке и получению coordinator g) сборщик/упаковщик 7) freight forwarder h) специалист по цепям поставок 8) highway technician i) укладчик материала 9) procurement specialist j) менеджер складской 10) manager of marine логистики operations k) координатор по 11) manager of parcel and импорту/экспорту; transportation l) специалист по закупкам12) supply chain specialist поставкам 13) material handler m) водитель по доставке 14) picker, packer n) техник по дизельным 15) production planning двигателям manager o) экспедитор 16) sales representative p) техник на шоссе 17) vending route helper q) менеджер по морским 18) shipping and receiving операциям clerk r) помощник по маршруту 19) supply chain manager поставщиков 20) truck driver s) механик по доставке 21) warehouseman t) контролер склада 22) warehouse logistics u) менеджер по планированию manager производства 23) warehouse supervisor v) менеджер центра распределения

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w) координатор оборудования и материальных запасов

4 Observe the words and phrases from the text “Interviewing People Working in Logistics”: inventory management and procurement shipping and receiving supply chain management transport functionality warehousing and storage

управление поставками и запасами доставка/приёмка управление цепочками поставок работа транспорта складирование и запасы

Find out what sphere of logistics professions from ex 3 belong to. supply chain management:……..,………………, …………… inventory management and procurement:…………..,……….. shipping and receiving:………………………, ……………… transport functionality:…………, …………….., ……………. warehousing and storage: ………………, …………………… Read and translate the interview with people working in logistics. Find out their specialty (see ex.3) Interviewing People Working in Logistics Interviewer: What are you main duties and responsibilities? A Mark Freeman: “I work in the centre of Houston, Texas. My job is to deal with customers and suppliers, to expedite shipments to meet customer requirements. I need to resolve problems associated with delayed or missed deliveries. My responsibilities also include negotiating favorable pricing, terms and quality requirements with external suppliers. It takes a lot of creative activity and enthusiasm. Alongside with gas turbines knowledge I often have to perform a project management.”

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I: Could you explain me the essence of your job? B Monika Smith: “Our main office is situated in New York. I work six days a week, including evenings. My job involves building/servicing/maintaining accounts. Previously, I worked in transportation, distribution and wholesales industries. This acquired experience is very valuable at my present employment. I must have a thorough knowledge of sales and merchandising techniques needed to effectively sell products and maintain accounts. In this job you need to be well organized, be goal-oriented and be able to work independently. What I like about my job is that every day I deal with different people. I enjoy socializing.” I: Do you enjoy your work? C. Ramon Gonzales: “I've been working in the large home service company in Pittsburgh for 2 years. It's a full-time work. I oversee inventory and logistics. I'm engaged in hiring, coaching, directing the staff of over 10 people. My work requires strong multitasking, attention to detail and strong computer skills from my side. It's rather tiring but it's worth being proud of cause we observe our company's success on the services market and the effective functioning of the warehouse is the guarantee of this success for sure.” I: What personal and professional qualities are essential in your job? D. Jake Brown: “The company I work is located in Philadelphia. I’m responsible for collaboration with procurement, supply management and suppliers for shipment coordination from origin to delivery. I provide coverage support for the import/export related functions. My duty is to facilitate international freight movements at the lowest cost. I think in my work analytical skills, documentation and communication skills are essential. ”

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I: May I know your opinion of the work you’re involved in? E. Chris Sykes: “The head office of our company is located in Las Vegas but my work deals with different cities. I carry out many things, from preparing truck for operation (checking fluid levels and tire pressure, obtaining required repairs) to ordering, placing and securing items. I also establish routs, unload items, maintain schedule. I have to develop sales by reviewing orders, call on potential customers. As you can see from the enumerated duties I need to communicate verbally, be customer focused, have acute vision1, lift and sell to customer needs. ” Answers: a) procurement specialist b) sales representative c) warehouse logistics manager d) import export coordinator e) delivery driver Give English equivalents for the words and phrases given below: аналитические навыки; быть ориентированным на покупателя; движения груза; занятость; искать потенциальных покупателей; иметь дело с; координация поставок; наем; обговаривать; обязанности; отвечать требованиям покупателя; персонал; постановка и выполнение нескольких задач; работа на полный рабочий день; разгружать товар; рынок услуг; сотрудничество; счет; техника продаж; тренировка; за техническое обслуживание; творческая деятельность; устанавливать маршруты; управление проектом; целеустремленный; экспедировать поставки; эффективное функционирование verb:

Put the words in the right order. Use the correct form of the

1. of sales and merchandising techniques/sales representative/a thorough knowledge /must have. 2. responsible for/be/equipment inventory coordinator/ the operations of all equipment/planning, coordinating and directing.

1

зд. внимательный

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3. the material handler/written and verbal instructions/require/the position of/an ability to understand and follow/including safety in a warehouse environment. 4. the tasks of/product receipt, unpacking, checking and storing /but not be limited/include/the warehouse supervisor 5. taking and placing orders/duties/be/delivery driver/preparing truck for operation/loading truck/developing sales 6. analytical kills/should/import export coordinator/documentation skills/possess/oral and written communication skills. Answer the questions: 1. What are the essential duties of the procurement specialist? 2. What does the work of the sales representative include? 3. What are the requirements of the warehouse logistics manager position for the work candidate? 4. What skills are necessary for the import export coordinator? 5. What professional and personal qualities should a candidate for the delivery driver position possess? Translate the sentences using the text “Interviewing People Working in Logistics”: 1. Специалист по закупкам-поставкам решает вопросы комплексных поставок, а также вопросы качества. Он ведет переговоры с внешними поставщиками по поводу выгодных цен, по условиям и требованиям качества. 2. Менеджер складской логистики нанимает, тренирует и управляет персоналом численностью более 10 человек; он должен быть внимателен к деталям и иметь хорошие компьютерные навыки. 3. Координатор по импорту-экспорту работает в сотрудничестве с менеджерами поставок, распределения и снабжения для координации доставки товара от пункта производства до пункта потребления. 4. Водитель по доставке готовит грузовик к эксплуатации (работе). Он инспектирует общее состояние грузовика: проверяет уровень жидкости и давление шин; должен иметь хорошее зрение, уметь общаться с людьми, а также стремиться ориентироваться на покупателя.

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5. Чтобы эффективно продавать товар, торговый представитель должен знать технику продаж, быть организованным человеком, уметь ориентироваться на конечный результат и самостоятельно принимать решения. In these sentences two of the verbs are possible and one is incorrect. Tick the two correct verbs (See Language Notes): 1. He ………... to maintain accounts. a) promised b) delayed c) wanted 2. She ……… facilitating international freight movements. a) undertook b) suggested c) recommended 3. I …………..to call on potential customers. a)decided b) didn’t mind c) arranged 4. They ………to check fluid levels and tire pressure. a) refused b) put off c) failed 5. We………….to provide coverage support for the import, export related functions. a) consider b) hope c) plan Choose the most appropriate form of the verb form the brackets to complete these sentences:

1. He stopped (coordinating/to coordinate) shipment from origin to destination. 2. She did multiple tasks but this month she stopped (running/to run) the warehouse. 3. Did you remember (loading/to load) items into the ship? 4. I can’t remember (establishing/to establish) routs to that destination. 5. The carrier denied (giving/to give) the consignee a discount. 6. The driver forgot (checking/to check) the cargo. Match these sentences halves:

1. The Board recommends 2. The firm can't afford 3. The Quality Department should consider 4. The local government

a) to hold the inventory on the same level b) to reduce the transit costs c) paying the debt d) to accept the damaged goods

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promised 5. The client stopped 6. The customer refused

e) outsourcing some logistics functions to another company f) changing the company’s view on the reverse logistics

SITUATION PRACTICE Make up a dialogue:

Choose any profession from the sphere of logistics (Ex. 3) and role play the following situation: you are a procurement specialist, a sales representative etc. Tell each other about the job you are engaged in every day; what you do every day/week/month; name the personal qualities you need to cope with your job. Think of the positive and negative sides of your job. Share your thoughts with your partner. Find required knowledge and skills for a separate profession in the additional material (see Appendix, Unit 12). Useful language: In my job I oversee..., For this job you need to be, I’m engaged in, I’m responsible for…., This position requires…, I need to carry out.., In my job I have to…., I oversee…., I’m in charge of…, My job involves…...ing, I liaise with…..

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ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК UNIT 1 Language notes: PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE We use the present simple for things we do regularly, always, sometimes, every day, etc. We use the present simple:  to give factual information (about company activities): Coach outsources all its products.  to talk about routine activities: We always buy ABB Group equipment. What about your company? The question, short answer and negative are made with the present tense of “to do”. POSITIVE QUESTION SHORT ANSWER NEGATIVE I/you /we/they Does he work? Yes, he does/No, I don’t work. (I work in Where do you he doesn’t. do not work) Mancheter. work? He doesn’t He/she/it goes Do they work work. (He does Yes, they do/No, through here here? not work) they don’t. every day. We use the present continuous:  to talk about things which are happening while we are talking.  to talk about ongoing situations and projects: Sanyo is now reacting to this demand.  To talk about temporary situations: We are testing a new pallet at the moment. The forms of this tense are made with the verb “to be” + participle (-ing). POSITIVE QUESTION SHORT NEGATIVE ANSWER I am typing (I’m Is she talking? Yes, she is/No, I am not typing typing) You’re she isn’t (I’m not) You are eating coming, aren’t (No, she’s not) You are not eating He/she s going you? Yes, I am (No, (You aren’t) We are writing Where are you I’m not) (He’s not /He They are meeting going? isn’t)

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(We’re not/We aren’t) (They’re not/They aren’t)

UNIT 2 Language notes: PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND TIME Prepositions are a class of words which express relationship. Prepositions of place are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as the words at, in, on, under, through, from, to) or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the English words of, for, with). In general, we use: at for a POINT in for an ENCLOSED SPACE on for a SURFACE Examples: Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. The shop is at the end of the street. My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late. When will you arrive at the office? Do you work in an office? I have a meeting in New York. Do you live in Japan? There are no prices on this menu. You are standing on my foot. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions: at in on at home in a car on a bus at work in a taxi on a train

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at school at university at college at the top at the bottom at the side at reception

in a helicopter in a boat in a lift (elevator) in the newspaper in the sky in a row in Oxford Street

on a plane on a ship on a bicycle, on a motorbike on a horse, on an elephant on the radio, on television on the left, on the right on the way

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on We use: at for a PRECISE TIME in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS on for DAYS and DATES Examples:

I have a meeting at 9am. The shop closes at midnight. Jane went home at lunchtime. In England, it often snows in December. Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future? There should be a lot of progress in the next century. Do you work on Mondays? Her birthday is on 20 November. Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions: at night The stars shine at night. at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend. at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas. at the same time We finished the test at the same time. at present He's not home at present. Try later. Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions: 95

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in in the morning in the mornings in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s)

on on Tuesday morning on Saturday mornings on Sunday afternoons on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening) UNIT 3 Language notes: PAST SIMPLE TENSE, PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use the past simple to tell stories about the past. We also use it when the time something happened in the past is known or important: Last year only 18% of US consumers visited a leading department store. The question, short answer and negative are made with the past tense of the verb “to do”. POSITIVE QUESTION SHORT ANSWER NEGATIVE I/you/ Did you Yes, I did. No, I I didn’t do it. he/she/it/we/they type it didn’t. She didn’t worked in yesterday? Yes, He did. No, make it. Manchester He made it He didn’t. from 1978 to didn’t he? 1982. Where did he go n Monday? We use the present perfect for a past action which has an effect on the present. What happened and its effect on the present is more important than the time it happened: We have made a lot of changes since 2003.

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This tense is made with the present tense of the verb “have” + past participle. POSITIVE She has already typed the report. I know about Rome because I’ve been there.

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER Have you Yes, I have. done it yet? No, He hasn’t. Where have you been?

NEGATIVE They have not come yet. He has never been there.

UNIT 4 Language notes: TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE We can use different language forms to talk about the future. 1) “going to” to talk about what we intend to do an have already decided to do: We’re going to attend the seminar in France next week. Are you going to book the tickets for the flight? When we can see that something is likely to happen: The company is going to get profit from this transaction. 2) “will” or “’ll” to tell something we have decided to do at the time of speaking: The flight’s late. I’ll call the office to cancel the meeting. When we make predictions: It will outsource shipping services. 3) “The present continuous” to talk about a fixed arrangement: I’m travelling to Germany next week. Are you flying on the same flight as your boss? 4) “The present simple” to talk about a timetable or programme: The train leaves Rome at 2 p.m tomorrow. It doesn’t stop at Milan. Examples: We have a lesson next Monday. The train arrives at 6.30 in the morning. The holidays start next week. It is my birthday tomorrow. I’m playing football tomorrow. They are coming to see us tomorrow. We’re having a party at Christmas.

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It will be a nice day tomorrow. I think Brazil will win the World Cup. I’m sure you will enjoy the film. To mean want to or be willing to: I hope you will come to my party. George says he will help us. I'll see you tomorrow. We'll send you an email. Tim will be at the meeting. Mary will help with the cooking. I’m going to drive to work today. They are going to move to Manchester. Be careful! You are going to fall. Look at those black clouds. I think it’s going to rain. UNIT 5 Language notes: PASSIVES The passive is often used when the person who does an action is unknown or not as important as what is done or what it is done to: The Millennium Technology Prize was awarded to Tim Berners-Lee. To be impersonal or formal (for example, in notices, announcements or reports): It has been agreed that the prototype will be tested next month. If the person who does the action is mentioned, we use “by”: The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. Tim Berners-Lee was named as one of the top 20 thinkers of the twentieth century by Time magazine. The goods were packed by Anne. The passive is formed with the verb “to be” (in all tenses) + the past participle.

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Someone is packing the goods. Someone packs the goods. Someone packed the gods. Someone has packed the goods. Someone will pack the goods. Someone is going to pack the goods.

The goods are being packed. The goods are packed. The goods were packed. The goods have been packed. The goods will be packed. The goods are going to be packed.

UNIT 6 Language notes: MODALS OF ADVICE, OBLIGATON AND NECESSITY 1) Advice

 We can use “should” and “shouldn’t” to give or ask for advice. You should learn a song to sing before going to Korea.  For strong advice we can use must mustn’t. You mustn’t refuse an invitation to dinner in Italy. It may cause offence. 2) Obligation/Necessity

 We often use “must” when the obligation comes from the person speaking or writing. We must buy a gift for our visitor.  We use “mustn’t” to say something is prohibited or is not allowed. You mustn’t use a mobile phone in an aeroplane.  We often use “have to” to show that the obligation comes from another person or institution, not the speaker. You have to get a visa to enter the country. (This is the law.) 3) Lack of obligation/Lack of necessity  Don’t have to and mustn’t are very different: don’t have to = it is not necessary. UNIT 7, UNIT 8 Language notes: DEGREES OF COMPARISON There are three degrees of comparison in English: 1. Positive degree. 2. Comparative degree. 3. Superlative degree.

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 When we speak about only one person or thing we use the Positive degree: This house is big.

 When we compare two persons or two things with each other we use both the Positive degree and Comparative degree: This plant is bigger than that one. (Comparative degree) This warehouse is not as big as that one. (Positive degree) This manual is more complicated than that.

 When we compare more than two persons or things with one another we use all the three Positive, Comparative and Superlative degrees: This is the biggest plant in this district. (Superlative) This truck is bigger than any other truck in the company’s truck fleet. (Comparative) No other pallet in this area is as big as this one. (Positive)

Short words (one-syllable, - two-syllable ending in -y) Longer adjectives Irregular forms

Positive Degree small large friendly

Comparative degree adj. + - er smaller lager friendlier

Superlative Degree adj.+ -est the smallest the largest the friendliest

crowded

more crowded

the most crowded

good bad far

better worse further

the best the worst the furthest

UNIT 9 Language notes: REPORTED QUESTIONS. DEDUCTION: MODALS “MUST HAVE BEEN/CAN’T HAVE BEEN” If we put a question into Reported speech there are some like changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of time. In Reported speech there is no question anymore, the sentence becomes a statement. That's why the word order is: subject – verb. The tense changes in reported questions are the same as those in reported speech

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YES/NO QUESTIONS “Is Anne going?” He asked whether Anne was going. “Did she meet John?” He wanted to know if (whether) she had met John.\ QUESTION-WORD QUESTIONS “Where does he live?” She asked where he lived. “What time is it” She wanted to know what time it was. We do not use inverted commas or questions marks in reported questions. Deduction: modals “must have been/can’t have been” MUST BE expresses a logical deduction MUST HAVE BEEN expresses logical deduction about past events. It is the past of MUST BE. CAN’T HAVE BEEN expresses negative logical deduction about past events. It is the past of CAN’T BE. UNIT 10 Language notes: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. Relative clauses are often introduced by a relative pronoun (usually who, which, that, when, where and whose). 'Who', 'whose' and 'that' can be used for people. 'Which' 'whose' and 'that' can be used for things. Defining Relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas. Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions: A logistician is a professional who works in the field of logistics management is called

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UNIT 11 Language notes: PHRASAL VERBS The term “phrasal verb” is applied to English construction “verb + preposition”. They form a single semantic unit. It cannot be understood based upon the meanings of the individual parts in isolation, but rather it must be taken as a whole, i.e the meaning is non-compositional and thus unpredictable. Some phrasal verbs require a direct object (someone/something), while others do not. Some phrasal verbs can be separated by the object, while others cannot. Who is looking after the kids? – Кто присматривает за малышами? They picked on Billy – Они подтрунивали над Билли. I ran into an old friend – Я столкнулся со старым другом. She takes after her mother – Она похожа на свою мать. Sam passes for a linguist – Сэм слывет лингвистом. You should stand by your friend – Тебе следует поддерживать своего друга. UNIT 12 Language notes: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES When using one verb after another one, often the second verb is in the infinitive form: We are continuing to cut our manufacturing costs. Management agreed to offer generous redundancy terms to all staff affected. These verbs are often followed by the infinitive: intend, mean, want, seem, claim, attempt, try, pretend, fail, guarantee, promise, arrange, hope, wish, plan, offer, forget, expect. The use of the -ing form (Gerund) depends on the first verb: The decision involves reducing our heavy losses. The verbs below are usually followed by the gerund: admit, give up, enjoy, mean, can’t stand, resent, risk, suggest, look forward to, appreciate, involve, consider, mind, detest, delay, avoid, contemplate, deny, carry on, justify, remember, recommend, miss, put off. Some verbs can be followed by the gerund or the infinitive form without a big change in meaning: She started loading the software/She started to load the software. With other verbs the meaning changes: We stopped to check the machinery (We stopped what we were doing in order to check the machinery). We stopped checking the machinery (We stopped our habit of checking the machinery).

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СБОРНИК ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ И ЗАДАНИЙ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS 1. Translate the text: Logistics Support for NATO Operations Logistics is of vital importance for any military operation. Without it, operations could not be carried out and sustained. This is especially evident with NATO’s out-of-area operations. The new missions of the Alliance are radically different from those it faced during the Cold War. NATO has now been involved in out-of-area operations for over a decade. During the 1990s, these operations were still in Europe, but the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States led to NATO foreign ministers removing all geographical limits to NATO’s area of operations at their meeting in Reykjavik in May 2002. During the Cold War, NATO logistics was limited to the North Atlantic area. The Alliance planned the linear defense of West Germany with national corps supported by national support elements. Lines of communication within Europe extended westwards and northwards to Channel and North Sea ports. Planning called for reinforcements and supplies to be sea-lifted from the United States and Canada to these same ports and to be airlifted to European bases to pick up pre-positioned equipment. The NATO Pipeline System evolved to supply fuel to NATO forces in Europe. The NATO Pipeline System (NPS) was set up during the Cold War to supply Alliance forces with fuel. Although collectively referred to as one system, the NPS actually consists of ten separate and distinct military storage and distribution systems: Iceland, Italy, Greece, Turkey (two separate systems – east and west), Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the North European Pipeline System (NEPS) located in both Denmark and Germany, and the largest system, the Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS) in Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The NPS in total consists of some 11 500 kilometers of pipeline running through 13 NATO nations with its associated depots, connected air bases, truck and rail loading stations, pump stations, refineries and entry

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points. Bulk distribution is achieved using facilities provided from the common funded NATO Security Investment Program (NSIP). The networks are controlled by national organizations, with the exception of CEPS, which is a multinational system. CEPS encompasses NATO assets for the movement, storage and delivery of fuel in Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These are known as the host nations, with Canada and the United States designated as user nations. The system is designed and managed to meet operational requirements in central Europe in peace, crisis and conflict, but is also used commercially under strict safeguards, supplying jet fuel to several major civil airports. In order to support the new missions of the Alliance, the emphasis has shifted away from static pipeline infrastructure to the rapidly deployable support of NATO’s expeditionary activities. To this end, NATO has developed a modular concept whereby all fuel requirements can be satisfied through a combination of 13 discrete but compatible modules which can receive, store and transport fuel in any theatre of operation. The NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) was created in Luxembourg, initially to aid European countries in their Foreign Military Sales purchase of US combat aircraft in the 1950s. NAMSA plays a key role in logistics. The agency is the executive arm of the NATO Maintenance and Supply Organization, which provides the structure for logistics support of selected weapons systems in the national inventories of two or more NATO nations, through the common procurement and supply of spare parts and the provision of maintenance and repair facilities. NAMSA’s task is to provide logistic services in support of weapon and equipment systems held in common by NATO nations, in order to promote materiel readiness, to improve the efficiency of logistic operations and to effect savings through consolidated procurement in the areas of supply, maintenance, calibration, procurement, transportation, technical support, engineering services and configuration management. Answer the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Why is Logistics important for any military operation? What kind of operations has NATO been involved in nowadays? What did the attacks of September 11, 2001 lead to? Why was NATO logistics limited to the North Atlantic area?

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5. Where did the lines of communication within Europe extend to? 6. When was NATO Pipeline System set up? 7. In what countries are military and distribution systems located? 8. How many kilometers is the pipeline? 9. What does it include? 10. How is bulk distribution achieved? 11. What are the networks controlled by? 12. In what way and for what purpose is the system CEPS designed? 13. What change has been done concerning the pipeline infrastructure? 14. What does the modular concept developed by NATO mean? 15. For what purpose was the NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency created? 16. Why does NAMSA play a key role in logistics? What is its task?

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UNIT 2 LOGISTICS COMPANY 1. Translate the text: DHL Web Shipping DHL owns its success for the efficiency with which the operations are carried out. Here not only the company but the sender and sometimes the receiver can track the goods through their information center. They are given a certain password which they can use to trace via online or their customer service helpline. DHL web shipping is the on-line express shipping tool that helps customers prepare documents, book pick-ups, store contact details and track their deliveries. Ideal for busy office managers, business travelers or receptionists, DHL WEB SHIPPING needs no special software or training. Purpose of DHL Web Shipping: DHL web shipping's new, simplified navigation guides customers, quickly and easily, through the entire process. So they can respond to any shipping request within minutes. With a click of a mouse customers can: select the right shipping and valueadded services for each shipment, prepare air waybills and customs documentation on-line, get the latest service bulletins and customs information, book collections and track shipments on-line, save up to 300 customer addresses, access shipment records for 99 days, alert recipients and other interested parties DHL WEB SHIPPING is also perfect for telecommuters. You can order a pick-up, check service availability or track your shipments from any location, in real time, direct from your wireless laptop. Answer the questions: 1. What is the reason of DHL success? 2. What does a web shipping service of DHL give to its clients? 3. Can you describe the navigation on its site? Is it easy or difficult?

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UNIT 3 LOGISTICS TERMS AND ACRONYMS 1. Translate the article: GPS Signals Critical infrastructure, including air traffic communications, electricity transmission, telecoms networks and emergency services are all under threat from the increasing availability of “GPS jammers”, technology experts are warning. “A portable jammer in a tall building could cover most of London and aircraft approaching its airports,” said Professor David Last, a past president of the Royal Institute of Navigation and now a GPS consultant. Global Positioning System signals, which are extremely delicate, are now relied upon by vital sectors, including transport, just-intime manufacturing and farming. Prof Last told a symposium, organized by the Digital Systems Knowledge Transfer Network, that by using GPS a single person could today control a huge vessel sailing in crowded shipping lanes at 25 knots. But as reliance on GPS for such tasks increases, traditional back-up systems are falling into infrequent use and traditional navigational skills are declining, leaving organizations vulnerable to interference with GPS signals. “The strength of a GPS signal is about as strong as viewing a 25W light bulb from a satellite 10,000 miles away,” said Bob Cockshott, a director of the Digital Systems KTN. “It’s no surprise then that GPS signals are vulnerable to natural and, increasingly, criminal interruptions.” The dangers can be unintentional, caused by solar flares or accidents, or intentional, with a fast-growing criminal element. Jamming devices that can disrupt GPS signals are sold on the internet for less than £100. Prof Last said they could be used by thieves to block transmissions from stolen vehicles protected by GPS tracking systems, rendering them “invisible”. Crooks might even transmit a false location using a “GPS spoofing” device. "These devices are selling; terrorists have been arrested with them" he told the symposium. “GPS now is like computers before viruses. But there are no big security companies working to protect GPS.”

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GPS vulnerability is being investigated by the Guardian project that brings together industry and academia. Charles Curry, managing director of Chronos Technology, is leading the investigation consortium and he believes back-up systems are vital. “Our project creates a network of sensors deployed at sites in the vicinity of applications that rely on the GPS signal. We are then able to monitor any change in the signal due to natural or criminal activity,” he said. The Royal Institute of Navigation stresses the importance of developing a ground-based back-up to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS): “There is a necessity for robust, terrestrial based systems to provide a concurrent, independent source of position and time information to ensure navigational safety and environmental protection.” Answer the questions: 1. Why is there a certain threat for air traffic communications, electricity transmission, telecoms networks and emergency services? 2. What sectors are the Global Positioning System signals used in? 3. Today a single person can control a huge vessel sailing in crowded shipping lanes at 25 knots. Is it true or false? Give the reasons why. 4. Why are traditional back-up systems falling into infrequent use? 5. How much strength does a GPS signal have? 6. Why is there a danger dealing with GPS signals? 7. What can thieves do with the help of this means? 8. Can you explain the following point of view: “GPS now is like computers before viruses” 9. What does Charles Curry think? Say some words about the project of his company. 10. What is the point of view of the Royal Institute of Navigation?

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2. Translate and explain the meaning of the following Supply Chain Logistics Acronyms using the Internet. Make up sentences with these acronyms: ABM: ABC: AOM: APS: APS: ASP: ATP: BPR: BOM: CMI: CPFR: CRP: CRP: CRM: DRP: DPP: ECR: EOQ: ERP: FIFO: FEFO: JIT: LIFO: MPS: MRO: MRP: MRP: NIFO: OMS: POS: QR: RMR: SCEM: SCE:

Activity Based Management; Activity Based Costing; Advanced Order Management; Advanced Planning and Scheduling; Advanced Planning System; Application Services Provider; Available to Promise; Business Process Reengineering; Bill of Materials; Co-Managed Inventory; Collaborative Planning and Forecasting Replenishment; Continuous Replenishment Program; Capacity Requirements Planning; Customer Relationship Management; Distribution Resources Planning; Direct Product Profitability; Efficient Customer Response; Economic Order Quantity; Enterprise Resource Planning; First in First Out; First Expire First Out; Just-In-Time; Last In First Out; Master Production Schedule; Material Repair and Overhaul; Material Requirement Planning; Manufacturing Resource Planning; Next In First Out; Order Management System; Point of Sale; Quick Response; Retail Management Replenishment; Supply Chain Event Management; Supply Chain Execution;

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SCM: SCP: SKU: TMS: TQM: VMI: WIP: WMS:

Supply Chain Management; Supply Chain Planning; Stock-Keeping Unit; Transportation Management System; Total Quality Management; Vendor Managed Inventory; Work in Process; Warehouse Management System.

3. Make the dialogue: explain the meaning abbreviations using the following phrases and questions: 1. What do you mean by POS? 2. What is the difference between SCM and SCEM ? 3. What are the specific functions of BPR? 4. What do you understand by CPFR? 5. What is EOQ? 6. What does term Bill of Materials indicate? APS stands for….. ECR means…… ERP implies……

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UNIT 4 LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER

1. Make the plan of the text and retell it in English: Анализ рынка логистических провайдеров - зарубежный опыт Все большее распространение в мировой практике приобретает аутсорсинг (outsourcing). Термин «аутсорсинг» обозначает сокращение или отказ от собственного бизнес-процесса, обычно неключевого (непрофильного) и/или неприбыльного для компании, и передачу его специализированным компаниям. Можно выделить следующие преимущества аутсорсинга:  концентрация на профильной деятельности (ключевой компетенции);  использование наилучших методов и опыта;  повышение конкурентоспособности;  сокращение затрат и применение передовых технологий;  улучшение сервиса;  повышение гибкости и достижение эффекта синергии. Хотя за рубежом концепция аутсорсинга развивается уже довольно продолжительное время и рынок аутсорсинга оценивается во многие миллиарды долларов, в России ему уделяется довольно мало внимания. Также пока малоисследованным остается рынок логистического аутсорсинга, в отличие от стран Европы, Азии, США, Канады и других стран, где в области логистики существует тенденция передачи части или всех логистических функций «третьей стороне» и аутсорсингом логистических услуг пользуются подавляющее большинство предприятий. «Третьей стороной» в данных взаимоотношениях являются провайдеры логистических услуг (ПЛУ) или 3PL провайдеры (3PL’s). У компании есть возможность отдать под контроль внешнего партнера сразу все логистические операции, а также консультации, выполнение необходимых экспертиз, внедрение информационных систем. Можно выделить пять основных типов логистических провайдеров: ЛП на основе компаний-перевозчиков; ЛП на основе складских операторов; ЛП на основе брокерских/экспедиторских компаний; ЛП на основе компаний, занимающихся оптимизацией транспортных

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услуг, формированием отправок, и ЛП на основе компаний, разрабатывающих программное обеспечение. Согласно исследованиям Armstrong & Associates в 1999 г. более трети доходов приходилось на логистических провайдеров, занятых в сфере предоставления, услуг добавленной стоимости в области складирования и на компании по оптимизации транспортировки, не имеющие собственных активов. В логистике существует множество комплексных активностей, которые могут быть переданы на аутсорсинг. Это могут быть: управление входящими потоками материалов (управление закупками), управление запасами, управление процедурами заказов, упаковка, транспортировка, поставки «just-in-time», складирование и информационно-компьютерная поддержка. Но прежде чем передать ту или иную функцию на аутсорсинг, следует тщательно продумать, на какие аспекты работы предприятия это повлияет (например, на затраты на дистрибьюцию, контроль цепочек поставки, гибкость предприятия, обслуживание покупателей, сезонные колебания спроса на продукцию и/или на внедрение нового продукта). Наиболее активные пользователи услуг 3PL провайдеров — среди компьютерной промышленности и производства товаров широкого потребления (90 и 85% соответственно). Среди компаний, не так активно пользующихся логистическим аутсорсингом, автомобильная, химическая промышленность и розничная торговля. В 2001 году наиболее часто передавались в аутсорсинг функции складирования (73,7%), внешней транспортировки (68,4%), оформления грузов/платежей (61,4%), внутренней транспортировки (56,1%) консолидации грузов/дистрибьюции (40,4%), прямой транспортировки (38,6%). Из складывающегося процентного отношения можно сделать вывод, что существует тенденция передавать в аутсорсинг стратегически важные логистические функции (активности) и активности, ориентированные на покупателя, а также функции, в значительной мере связанные с информационными технологиями. 2. Find out information about the development of up to date logistics outsourcing in Russia and make a report using the Internet.

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3. Translate the given logistics functions in the table into English. Compare the percentage of functions being given by American companies to outsourcing. Table: Logistics functions given by 3PL-providers Logistics functions The percentage usage 1998 1999 2000 2001 Прямая транспортировка 63% 68% 49% 61% Управление складированием 46% 44% 56% 59% Консолидация отправок 43% 40% 43% 49% Экспедирование 44 % 45% Оформление платежей за 43% 53% перевозки Сопровождение грузов 33% Услуги таможенного брокера 41% 40% Проектирование информационных 8% систем Выбор информационного 8% обеспечения Обеспечение функционирования 20% информационных систем Выбор перевозчиков 32% 33% 29% 43% Переговоры о тарифах 26% 24% 29% 37% Возврат товара 26% 16% 21% 25% Управление автотранспортом 25% 18% 21% 20% Переупаковка, маркировка 19% 27% 21% 25% Контрактное производство 16% 10% Управление выполнением заказов 16 17% 24% 33% % Консолидация отправок 11 11% 8% 10% % Управление запасами 6% 7% 10% 4% Управление процедурами заказов 5% 9% 5% 8% Обеспечение запчастями 5% 11% 2% 10% Консультационные услуги 25% 37% 30% Снабжение материалами 4% (Источник: Dr. Robert Lieb, Brandon Schwarz, The Use of Third Party Logistics Services by Large American Manufacturers, the 2001 Survey)

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UNIT 5 VALUE-ADDED SERVICES 1. Translate the text: Value-added services of logistics centers in port areas. Evolution of port function According to the modern concepts, there are three stages of port development, which are determined by port development policy and strategy, differences in the method of approach, scope of the port’s activity and expansion level, and the port’s activity integration level. (a) The First generation port Until 1960, ports played a simple role as the junction between sea and inland transportation systems. At that time, the main activities in the port region were cargo handling and cargo storage, leaving other activities extremely unrepresented. Such a way of thinking severely influenced related persons in the government and local administration. Also, it even influenced persons related with the port industry, so it was considered that it was enough to develop and invest in only port facilities, as the main functions of the port were cargo handling, storage and navigation assistance. It was for these reasons that important changes in transportation technology were neglected. (b) The second-generation ports The second-generation ports are those built between 1960 and 1980, and had a system comprising of government and port authority, so the port service providers could understand each other and cooperate for mutual interests. The activities in these ports were expanded ranging from packaging, labeling to physical distribution. A variety of enterprises have also been founded in ports and hinterlands. Compared to first-generation ports, the second generation ports have a characteristic that freight forwarders and cargo owners had a tighter relationship. We can say that the second-generation ports had begun to notice the needs of customers, but when it came to keeping a long-term relationship with customers, they took a /passive attitude. (c) The third-generation ports

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From 1980, container transportation has been developed quickly, and the new intermodal transport system emerged. The activities of production and transportation have linkage to form an international network. The former services function has been enlarged to include logistics and distribution services. The environment protection facilities are becoming more important, so the ports are developing closer relationships with those in their surrounding neighborhoods. Compared to the past, today’s port authorities are focusing on efficiency rather than effectiveness. In the thirdgeneration ports, the needs of customers were analyzed in detail and port marketing has been actively engaged. The changing role of ports: from traditional services to value-added logistics services These days, the commercial success of a port could stem from a productivity advantage in traditional cargo-handling service, from valueadded service, or from a combination of the two. Productivity advantages come mainly from economies of scale and economies of scope, suggesting that the most productive ports will be those that are equipped to handle large cargo volumes and/or significantly reduce unit costs through efficient management. Shippers and carriers select individual ports not only based on their cargo handling service capabilities, but also on the benefits they are capable of “delivering”. Unless a port can deliver benefits that are superior to those provided by its competitors in a functional aspect, port customers are likely to select ports based merely on price. This fact raises the question of how a port can achieve value differentiation. In the 1970s, almost every port provided the same basic package of services to almost every customer. Nowadays, however, it is more difficult for ports to compete on the basis of cargo-handling service. There has been a convergence of technology within cargo-handling service categories. This means that though new technology may sometimes provide a window of opportunity for productivity improvement, in many cases that same technology is also available to competitors. It is no longer possible to compete effectively on the basis of basic, traditional functions. Thus, there is a need for ports to seek out new means of gaining a competitive edge. The late 1980s saw the emergence of major changes. Customers began to ask ports to provide a greater variety of services. Providing value-added services is a powerful way for ports to build a sustainable competitive advantage. Shippers and port customers are becoming increasingly demanding. Customers now tend to look at value-added logistics services as

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an integral part of their supply chain. As a result, ports must attempt to satisfy these needs by offering differentiated services. This poses a particular challenge for port management. Studies show that the most successful ports are those that not only have a productivity advantage in cargo-handling services, but that also offer value-added services. Answer the questions: 1. Name three stages of port development. 2. What were the main activities in the region of the FirstGeneration port? 3. Why were important changes in transportation technology neglected in the time of the First Generation port existence? 4. What time did the Second-Generation ports appear? What activities did they include? 5. Comparing to the First-Generation ports, what were the Second Generation ports characterized by? 6. What are the distinctive features of the Third-Generation ports? 7. Are today’s port authorities focusing on efficiency or on effectiveness? 8. What place do the needs of customers have in the port marketing nowadays? 9. Why is there need these days for a combination of traditional cargo-handling service and value-added service? 10. What are the most successful ports nowadays according to the fulfilled study? 11. What can you say about evolution of port function? 2. Retell the text

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3. Translate the text: Functions of Logistics centers The advanced ports around the world have continuously emphasized the function of logistics centers mainly due to the high degree of global production and the need for value-added logistics (VAL) services. These trends in international logistics strongly suggest that the trend toward VAL in the ESCAP region is likely to continue into the future. Some ports are already modifying the warehousing function to include the VAL functions when they develop new ports or reshaping existing ports. Logistics firm in logistics centre behind a port area are able to perform basic value-added service and carry out other value-added logistics services at the same time. That is, logistics centers provide not only traditional activities such as storage, but also value-added logistics services such as labeling, assembly, semi-manufacturing and customizing. When logistics centers are grouped together in a common dedicated area, it is sometimes called a Distripark (distribution park). Rotterdam in the Netherlands, Bremen in Germany, and Singapore are examples of this kind of arrangement. Both logistics companies and shippers agree that value added services in logistics centers are important in supply chain management, and this tendency is expected to continue in the future. Answer the questions: 1. What is usually modified while new ports are developed or existing ports are reshaped? 2. What can logistic firms behind a port area perform? 3. What does “Distripark” mean? 4. Can you give the examples of the “Distripark”? 5. What point do logistics companies and shippers agree on?

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UNIT 6 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 1. Translate the text: Toyota and JIT Manufacturing. Origins of Just In Time Management Strategy Although the history of JIT traces back to Henry Ford who applied Just in Time principles to manage inventory in the Ford Automobile Company during the early part of the 20th Century, the origins of the JIT as a management strategy traces to Taiichi Ohno of the Toyota Manufacturing Company. He developed Just in Time strategy as a means of competitive advantage during the post World War II period in Japan. The post-World War II Japanese automobile industry faced a crisis of existence, and companies such as Toyota looked to benchmark their thriving American counterparts. The productivity of an American car worker was nine times that of a Japanese car worker at that time, and Taiichi Onho sought ways to reach such levels. Two pressing challenges however prevented Toyota from adopting the American way: - American car manufacturers made “lots” or a “batch” of a model or a component before switching over to a new model or component. This system was not suited to the Japanese conditions where a small market required manufacturing in small quantities. - The car pricing policy of US manufacturers was to charge a mark-up on the cost price. The low demand in Japan led to price resistance. The need of the hour was thus to reduce manufacturing costs to increase profits. To overcome these two challenges, Taiichi Onho identified waste as the primary evil. How Toyota Implemented Just in Time: Kanban Toyota JIT manufacturing strategy centered on changing factory layout to eliminate transporting items back and forth to different machines and instead arranging machines to ensure the items flow smoothly from one machine to another. To control the flow of items in the new environment, Toyota introduced kanban, or information on what to do that controlled all movements throughout the factory.

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The two types of kanban in Toyota are: - withdrawal kanban that details the items marked for withdrawal from the preceding step in the process -production ordering kanban that details the items to be produced A part disappearing from an assembly station was the sign to produce or order a new part. Toyota started work on the Just in Time system in 1952, and established kanbans throughout the organization by 1962. 2. Answer the questions: 1. What company do the origins of JIT trace to? 2. Why did Toyota decide to change its standards of production? 3. What consideration did Toyota have while refusing the American way? 4. What did Toyota JIT manufacturing strategy center on? 5. What does Kanban mean? Name the two types of Kanban.

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UNIT 7 PLANNING AND ARRANGING TRANSPORT 1. Translate the text: Freight Transport Logistics in Europe – the key to sustainable mobility Europe’s transport policy has been characterized by liberalization and harmonization over the years. This has slowly shaped the transport system into what is today. Globalization and concept of wider Europe create further challenges. Te fast growth of freight transport – driven to a large extent by economic decisions – contributes to growth and employment but also causes congestion, accidents, noise, pollution, increased reliance on imported fossil fuels, and energy loss. Infrastructure resources are limited and any disruption in the supply chain (i.e. energy) has necessarily a negative impact on the EU economy. Without adequate measures, the situation will continue worsening and increasingly undermine Europe’s competitiveness and the environment that we all live in. To overcome such problems, Europe’s transport system need to be optimized by means of advanced logistic solutions. Logistics can increase the efficiency of individual modes of transport and their combinations. As a result, fewer units of transport, such as vehicles, wagons, and vessels should carry more freight. Impact on the environment will decrease accordingly. Rail and inland waterways need to be modernized. Air freight should be more closely integrated in the system. The positive development of short sea shipping should be accelerated. Deep-sea shipping and its hinterland connections need to be enhanced. Shifts to more environmentally friendly modes must be achieved where appropriate, especially on long distance, in urban areas, and on congested corridors. At the same time each transport mode must be optimized. All modes must become more environmentally friendly, safer, and more energy efficient. Finally, co-modality, i.e. the efficient use of different modes on their own and in combinations, will result in an optimal and sustainable utilization of resources.

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Answer the questions: 1. Do you also have to deal with growing freight traffic in your country? 2. How do you think transport systems could be improved? 3. How do you think intermodal transport systems can make 2. Translate the text: Things to Know Before Shipping Goods to Russia Whether you’re moving overseas or sending gifts to faraway family, there are many things you’ll want to understand before you ship internationally. Shipping goods to Russia or any other country overseas can be complicated and expensive so it can be a good idea to know the options before shelling out a lot of money to ship your items. Finding a good company that can help you prepare and process your shipment is one of the most important parts of getting your items to their destination safely. There are many regulations and other complications that make it necessary to turn to an expert in international shipping for your needs. From the way the items are packaged to the types of items you can and cannot ship, there are many regulations that are unique to shipping to Russia or other countries. Domestic shipping is a completely different entity than international, so you need to understand the differences in order to protect your items during their long journey. An expert in the field, such as an international logistics company, can give you a full service approach to preparing your goods for the long journey to their overseas destination. Using a company that specializes in shipping containers to Russia will save you tons of time on trying to research the wealth of regulations in place on shipments of this type. It’s not as simple as shipping domestically, and can be quite a lot more expensive as well. Protecting your goods on their trip is much easier to do when you let an expert in the field help you along the way. From packing your goods correctly to using the right shipping container, they can take the guesswork out of this complicated and expensive endeavor. You can get the peace of mind you need with the help of an international shipping expert. There are three ways that a logistics company can help you when shipping to Russia. Though the cold war has long since been merely a footnote in history, the fact is that Russia and the United States often deals with one

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another through trade more and more with each passing year. What was once an arduous ordeal is now incredibly easy, if you take the advantage that comes with an experienced logistics company. And, though it can seem like an added expense to what is already a bloated budget, the money is more than worth it. Here are the top three things that an experienced international shipping logistics company can do for you and your shipment. Customs Clearance One of the most important things that an international shipping company can do for your shipment is to get it into the country of its destination without delay. There are more than 196 countries, each with its own unique customs and importation regulations. Make sure that when you are shipping to Russia or anywhere else, that your shipments are able to clear customs easily and efficiently. Door To Door Service Another great service provided by international shipping logistics companies is the ability to provide door to door service. Your logistics representative will be able to coordinate your cargo from your front door to the shipping docks, where it will be packaged and placed on the sea freighter. Coordinating Several Methods Of Shipping And, another great feature that a logistics company offers is the ability to coordinate each and every part of your shipment, from the point of destination to the point of delivery, through sea, air and rail freight. Answer the questions: 1. What is the firs stage before shipping goods to Russia? 2. What are three ways of shipping goods to Russia according to the text? 3. Is shipping equal for each country?

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3. Translate the letter: GRANT & CLARKSON 148 Mortimer Street London W1C 37D Messrs Matthews 5 Wilson 421 Michigan Avenue Chicago, III. 60602

20th November, 2006

Dear Sirs, We have pleasure in notifying you that your credit was confirmed by our bank yesterday, 19th November. We have had the 1900 'Swinger' dresses collected today for transport by British Airways to Chicago on 25th November. Enclosed is our invoice for the goods in question plus the extra charges for air freight, packing lists to facilitate customs clearance at your end, certificate of origin, air waybill and insurance policy. Hoping that this initial order will lead to further business, we are Yours faithfully, N.Armstrong Nick Armstrong Answer the questions: Why could dispatch only be made on 20th November? Why was air freight charged extra? What documents are necessary for an air shipment?

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Translate the text: Maritime transportation of hazardous goods Goods transported by sea are governed by the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925 and the (Indian) Bills of Lading Act, 1856. Besides, the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 and the Marine Insurance Act, 1963 are also applicable. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for maintaining and updating the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) which governs the vast majority of shipments of hazardous materials by water. The IMDG Code is intended to provide for the safe transportation of hazardous materials by vessel, protect crew members and to prevent marine pollution. The Code is based on the UN Model Regulations but also includes additional requirements applicable to the transport of hazardous materials by sea (e.g., requirements for marine pollutants, freight containers loading procedures, stowage and segregation and other requirements applicable to shipboard safety and preservation of the marine environment) that are not covered by the UN Model Regulations. Transportation of hazardous cargo on containers by rail are subject to the statutory provisions of the IRCA Red Tariff. Railways have also accorded provisional permission for carriage of dangerous/ hazardous/offensive goods which fall under the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code in containers, subject to their packing and stuffing being as per specifications of the IMDG Code. Answer the questions: 1. What are laws governing carriage of goods by sea? 2. What are the man functions of International Maritime Organization (IMO)? 3. How do you understand the term “Red Tariff”?

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UNIT 8 SHIPPING GOODS 1. Translate the text: A Simple Box Which Changed the World How could a simple box become the eight wonder of the world? The answer is before our eyes every day – the container. “Container shipping has shrunk the planet and brought about a revolution because the cost of shipping boxes is so cheap,” says Martin Stopford at Clarksons, the shipping broker. “People talk about the contribution of Microsoft, but container shipping has got to be among the ten most influential industries over the past thirty years. The simple standardized box that transformed seaborne freight in the sixties has taken on a vibrant 21st century life and the Internet may add a knot or two to the speed. With the Internet, operators have been allowed to cut paperwork and reduce reliance on middlemen. It also lets customers track their consignments more easily. The shipping industry is booming, underpinned by solid economic growth. In the thirty years the boxes have been around, the amount of goods shipped in them has expanded at 8 to 10 per cent a year, and the industry is now worth an annual $ 100 bn. The expansion of container shipping far outstrips growth in the world economy, historically about 3 per cent a year, and even growth in world trade, which runs up by 5 per cent a year. Before container shipping, seaborne trade was slow and unreliable. In the early sixties, at Liverpool docks for example, ships were made to spend weeks, even months in port while they were being unloaded. And during that time a substantial proportion of the goods would be stolen, or get damaged by the weather. Today the goods are protected in a container during passage and in port. With cranes specially built to lift the containers, a ship can be in and out of a port in 10 hours, saving thousands n port charges and speeding up trade. The world’s container shipping fleet trebled in the nineties and it now accounts, by value, for more than half all cargo shipped. Ships can carry 7,000 standard containers compared with 2,000 in 1990. In 1980, to ship a 40 ft container from North America to Europe would have cost $2,500. Today that cost is $2,200. With vessels getting bigger, each new one adds to capacity.

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Seaborne transport is so cheap it makes sense for Nike to have its trainers made in South East Asia. And companies in remote parts of the world can snatch business from under the nose of a local producer. In fact, if moving goods by container were not so inexpensive, trading many of the products shipped around the world today would not be worthwhile. Second-hand motorcycles are shipped from America to be sold in Europe where they fetch twice he price. Answer the questions: 1. Why has container shipping been called the eight wonder of the world? 2. When did the container revolution begin 3. How has the Internet contributed to the container revolution? 4. How quickly has containerization grown? 5. What was wrong with the old method of loading and unloading cargo? 6. How can container ships be unloaded so quickly? 7. Have transportation costs continued to rise? 8. How has containerization contributed to international trade? 2. Translate the text: Chaos at Heathrow’s New Terminal 5 When Heathrow’s Terminal 5 was officially opened by the Queen in March 2008, operator BAA said it would put the airport at the cutting edge of global travel. The complex, which cost ₤4.5 bn., includes 50 new aircraft stands, a large car park as well as rail and underground links to London. It is designed to handle 12,000 bags an hour. BAA claimed that checking in for flights would be simplified for up to 30 million passengers a year by online check-in, fast baggage dropping facilities and sophisticated baggage handling. Two weeks later, on launch day, however, dozens of flights in and out of the new terminal had to be cancelled due to a breakdown of the baggage handling system. By the end of the first day, hundreds of passengers were

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left stranded at the airport and there was a backlog of more than 15,000 bags. What had gone wrong? On launch day problems started almost immediately, when staff and passengers had trouble locating car parks. Delayed opening of check-in then led to long queues. Additionally, workers in the baggage sorting area had problems logging on to the computer system or could not handle the RMS (Resource Management System), which allocates baggage handlers to load or unload aircraft. At check-in staff were not aware of the situation, they continued to add luggage to the system. As a consequence, check-in had to be suspended in the afternoon. An aviation analyst later explained that the backlog of baggage was mainly caused by problems with the terminal’ three-stage baggage processing system. The first stage, the fast bag drop-off, was working as planned, but the second stage, an underground conveyor system, had become clogged up because baggage workers were not able to remove the bags quickly enough at the other end. BA said that they knew the first day would be critical because of the size and complexity of the move into Terminal 5, and that they were working hard to resolve these issues. Answer the questions: 1. What are the main logistics problems mentioned in this article? 2. Have you ever experienced similar problems at an airport? 3. How important is logistics for an airport?

3. Translate the letter opposite and answer the questions: 1. Why must the cycles be packed in seaworthy containers for transport from Melbourne to Brisbane? 2. What are the advantages of container packing? 3. Who pays for freight? 4. Who pays for container hire?

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Victoria Cycle Works P.O. Box 9271

Melbourne

Australia

Worldwide Dealers Ltd. Connaught Centre Hong Kong Attention: Mr. P. King

1st August, 2008

Dear Sirs, The 10,000 cycles you ordered will be ready for dispatch by 17th August next. Since you require them for onward shipment to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan and Nepal, we are arranging for them to be packed in seaworthy containers. Each bicycle is enclosed in a corrugated cardboard pack, and 20 are banded together and wrapped in sheet plastic. A container holds 240 cycles; the whole cargo would therefore comprise 42 containers, each weighing 8 tons. Dispatch can be made from our works by rail to be forwarded from Brisbane harbour. The freight charges from works f.o.b. Brisbane are A$60 per container, total A$2,520 for this consignment, excluding container hire, which will be charged to your account. Please let us have your delivery instructions.

Yours faithfully, N.Foster Neil Foster

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4. Rearrange the sentences in logical order and complete the email about an urgent shipment using prepositions: 1. The second delivery should be made on Friday with the rest of the 5mg 30 and the 90 packs. As the products are needed _______ Monday, the truck must be unloaded in Brest on Saturday or Sunday. 2. If possible, we must try to make one partial delivery ____Wednesday (or as soon as the packaging is finished) of the 5 mg 30 packs 3. Sonia, I’m afraid there is a problem _____ the scheduled deliveries ___ France next week. Our customer GLP Pharma in Brest has just informed me that they are already ___of stock and need an urgent delivery of the 5 mg 30 and 90 piece of packs this week instead __ next week. 4. We need a direct truck ____ our production plant in Germany and Brest. 5. Please let me know if there are any problems! Regards Jon Frederikson Logistics Manager 6. If we can ship the first part on Wednesday morning, the truck should arrive ______ Brest Thursday afternoon. 5. Describe the container features to a partner using words from this unit, but before it bare in mind the following conversions: pounds-kilogram foot-metre inch-centimeter 1 lb = 0.453 kg 1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 in = 2.54 sm Partner A: Partner B: 20 ft standard container 20 ft reefer Max. payload 47,999 lb 21,727 kg 45,760 lb 20,756 kg Tare weight Capacity Inside length

4,196 lb 1,172cu ft 19 ft 4 in

2,229 kg 33.18 m3 5.89 m

7,040 lb 1,000 cu ft 17 ft 8in

3,193 kg 28.31 m3 5.38 m

Inside width

7 ft 8 in

2.33 m

7 ft 5 in

2.26 m

Inside height

7 ft 10 in

2.38 m

7 ft 5 in

2.26 m

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6. Translate the text: On 20th June, 2005 Kevin Hughes arranged for the transportation of a consignment of machinery by rail and sea. The place of departure was the Port in Southampton, and the destination was Queen's Harbour Master, Plymouth. It was an urgent delivery, i.e. in two days by 10 a.m. it would have to reach the destination without any delay. Kevin chose "Eurostar" as a train operating company and a crouse ship “Queen Elizabeth” as a sea carrier. The cargo (the freight) was 10 cases of machinery. The measurements of each case were 10 m by 2m by 1.1m, so the volume of the whole consignment was 220 cubic metres. Each case weighed 20 kilos, so the weight of the consignment was 200k. The freight rate was £1.50 per kilo or per cu metre, whichever was the greater. The charge by volume was £330 (220m3 Х £1.50) and the charge by weight was £300 (200k. Х £1.50). However Kevin decided not to send the goods as a conventional cargo because he could get a discount if he packed the goods in a standard sized container. Weymouth, Dorset and Torbay, Devon were supposed to be the transit stops. The train delivered the cargo into the port in Southmapton in time but there was a delay on the route because of a heavy storm, so the ship reached Plymouth only on 23rd June. 7. In pairs, ask and answer questions about the text in Exercise 6, like this: P: What was the consignment? R: Machinery. Ask about: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

the number of cases the means of transport the measurements of the cases the volume of each case the volume of the consignment

6) the weight of each case 7) the freight rate 8) the weight of the consignment 9) the charge by volume 10) the charge by weight

8. Fill in IMO General Declaration inserting all details from the text in Exercise 6:

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IMO GENERAL DECLARATION IMO Number: Х Arrival 1.Name and description of ship 2.Port of arrival/destinati on 4.Nationality 5.Name of 6.Port arrived of ship master from/Port of destination 7.Certificate of registry (Port; Date; Number) 9.Gross register tons

Departure 3.Date of arrival/Destin ation

8.Name and address of ship’s agent

10.Net register tons

11.Position of the ship in port (berth of station) 12.Brief particulars of voyage (previous and subsequent ports of call; state where remaining cargo will be discharged) 13.Brief description of the cargo 14.Number of crew

15.Number of passengers

16.Remarks

Attached Documents (indicate number of copies) 17.Cargo 18.Ship’s Stores Declaration Declaration 19.Crew List 20.Passenger List 22.Crew’s Effects Declarat

23.Maritime Declar. of Health

21.Date and signature by master, authorized agent or officer _____________

______________Capt._____________ (signature) (master’s name)

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9. Work out the answers to these questions. Take any information you need from the text in Exercise 6: 1. The charge by volume is £33. The charge by weight is £300. Which rate will Kevin pay? 2. When he sent the goods in a container, Kevin got a 10 % discount on the conventional cargo price. How much did he pay? 3. Containers come in two main sizes (a) a 20-foot (6-metre) container is 2.4 x 2.4 x 5.9m (b) a 40-foot (12-metre) container is 2.4 x 2.4 x 12m. Which size container did Kevin use? Draw the container and draw how you think the cases were packed in it. 4. I want to send some goods which weigh 100k and which measure 30 m3. The cost is 50p per kilo or per cubic metre. How much will the freight be? 5. I want to send a cargo which weighs 5 tonnes and which measures 10 m3. The charge is $1 per tonne or 50c per cubic metre. How much will it cost? 6. Do you think these goods are usually charged by weight or by volume? (a) fruit (b) potatoes (c) bags of sand (d) shoes 7. The freight rate from Beeton to Norton for one consignment is £1.50 per kilo or per cubic metre. The freight rate from Easton to Ayton for another consignment is £2. What reasons can you think of for the different freight rates? 8. Can you think of any advantages or disadvantages for sending goods in containers or as conventional cargo?

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UNIT 9 INCOTERMS 1. Which modes of transport can different Incoterms be applied to? Fill in the blanks with the capital letters denoting the modes of transport: EXW FCAFAS FOBCFR CIF CPT -

CIP DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP -

Use abbreviations: RO - road transport; RA - rail transport; S - sea transport; A - air transport (e.g.: RO; RA; A) 2. Explain the meaning of Incoterms on the picture below. Name 4 groups of Incoterms. Point out which type of transport they are valid for: Table Incoterms 2000: Transfer of risk from the seller to the buyer CIF transport & insurance paid CFR

transport paid

FOB loading The seller port First carrier FAS EXW FCA CPT CIP

destination DES port DAF

frontier transport paid transport & insurance paid

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The buyer

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3. Translate information and fill in the table: Jane Long at Transworld arranged four different export consignments of different goods to different destinations. The cost of each was different and the terms were different. From the information below, can you complete the table and answer the questions? CONSIGNMENT DESTINATION PRICE TERMS

Athens FOB

a. The motorbikes cost £1,000. They were not sent ex works. b. The consignment which cost £2,000 was sent C+F Hamburg. c. The Greek consignee arranged and paid directly for all his own transportation and insurance costs. d. Jane had to arrange the insurance and some of the transportation costs for the consignment of typewriters to Rome. e. The shoes cost £2,000 more than the Portuguese consignment and £1,000 less than the typewriters. Questions: 1) How much did the stationery cost? ................... 2) Which consignment was sent to Lisbon? ..........

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UNIT 10 WAREHOUSING AND STORAGE 1. Translate the text: Warehousing In the EU and the USA Warehousing in the EU is complex as different companies not only have to think about storing and distributing goods around the country but they have to also think about other countries in the EU. In addition, they have to receive goods that are imported from other countries. The question of warehousing imported goods has been resolved with the aid of bonded warehouses run by Customs department of each country. Once all the fees and payments are made, the goods can be transported directly from the bonded warehouse to the end customer. However, the problem arises when goods have to be stored and dispatched to all corners of the EU. Earlier companies only had to concentrate on Western Europe and they have managed to establish warehouses and distribution centers in strategic locations. However, with many Central and Eastern European countries now joining the EU, companies now have to cover larger areas to distribute goods. And, most companies do not want to spend money to shift warehouse locations from Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe. In addition, quality warehouses are scarce in these new markets and what are available are out-dated and old. That is why in the new logistics market of Central and Eastern Europe new warehousing and distribution facilities are be build. As mentioned earlier, warehouses in the EU are located strategically so that lead time is decreases and all orders are processed as fast as humanly possible. Many of the warehouses in the EU have cross-docking facilities. Basically this means that the goods received are not stored. Rather the moment they are received, the goods are sorted out and then dispatched. Warehousing in the EU is slowly turning from the storage model to the flow model. However, the flow model is still in its infancy and older warehousing operators are a little tentative about adopting it as it requires high amount of coordination between the warehouse and the entire supply chain, and this is not feasible for all industries. Warehousing in the USA is not something new. It has been in existence from the colonial times when there were storehouses to store all the goods

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brought in from England. However, from then to now, warehousing and distribution in the USA has undergone several changes and technological advancement. One of the main causes of change is the expansion in business. Earlier companies used to have their own warehouses and distribution center all in one location and it was from this location goods were dispatched. However, now companies have production all over the world and this has now given way to third-party logistics companies. Warehousing and distribution in the USA done by third-party logistics companies concentrate on moving goods in the most cost efficient manner from the place of manufacture to the distribution center and finally to the end customer. Today warehouses are selected based on their locations and only those locations are selected where the cost of transportation and labor is cheap. This is primarily due to rising cost of gas. In addition, most warehouses are close to ports, which are entry points. However, the location of the warehouses and distribution centers depend on the type of product and end customer. In addition, companies are also taking into account the available market around the location of the warehouse. More and more companies in the US are now selecting warehouses and distribution centers based on sustainable building practices. Companies want buildings that are built according to standards set by environmental and energy agencies while still fulfilling their ultimate aim of being able to stack and store goods. Due to rising land prices, it is envisaged that the US will soon adopt multi-story warehouses and distribution centers like those present in Japan as these use the buildings more efficiently without causing a need to build or lease another warehouse and distribution center in the vicinity. Answer the questions: What has happened after the EU’s enlarging? What is the tendency in Central and Eastern Europe? What is the model of warehousing in the EU? When did warehousing process begin? What is the 3-d party logistics in the US? What is the criterion of selecting warehouse in the USA? Retell the text

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UNIT 11 DOCUMENS IN FOREIGN TRADE 1. Translate the text: Bill of Lading: Negotiability Bill of Lading is as a document of title. It is proof of ownership, so the person who owns the B/L may claim the goods. Look at the B/L in Exercise 2. Under the heading 'Consignee' is the word 'ORDER'. This word means that the B/L is negotiable — it can be sold. If you sell the goods you give the buyer the B/L so it can be used to claim the goods. The advantage of this is that the importer can sell the goods while the ship is still at sea. The buyer then presents the B/L and collects the goods when the ship arrives at the port of destination. The first importer has the money to start another transaction. Credit is normal in export trade. When a B/E has been signed by the importer, the exporter usually has to wait about 90 (or sometimes 180) days before it can be exchanged for money. Because a B/E is negotiable, the exporter may discount (sell) the bill at his bank before the 90 days have passed. The exporter has the money to start another transaction immediately and the bank collects the money when the B/E is paid, the bank may rediscount the bill to a discount house which specialises in this work. Notes: Bill of Lading - коносамент negotiable - оборотный документ (инструмент) Give short answers to these questions about the passage: 1. What are the two functions of a B/L that you know? 2. Which words on a cheque mean that it is negotiable? 3. Do you think an exporter discounts a B/E when the transaction is 'documents against payment'? 4. When a bank discounts a B/E, do you think it pays (a) more than (b) the same amount as (c) less than the face value of the bill?

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2. Translate the Bill of Lading: LINER BILL OF LADING B/L no. 2 TITAINER LINE AUSTRALIAN SHIPPING SERVICE PTY MELBOURNE -25 KOALA STREET TEL: 74245 TELEX: 15925 AA SHIPPER NUMBER OF ORIGINAL B/L 1 4 VESSEL 5 CONSIGNEE (IF 'ORDER' PORT OF STATE NOTIFY PARTY) LOADING 6 ORDER PORT OF DESTINATION 7 NOTIFY PARTY FREIGHT 3 PAYABLE AT 8 MARKS & NO & KIND OF GROSS MEASUREMENT NOS PACKING WEIGHT IN M3 DESCRIPTION OF IN KILOS GOODS 10 11 9 12

FREIGHT PAID IN LIVERPOOL Smith & Jones Co Ltd Per

P. Jackson

Place and date of issue 13 Signed (for the master) by Smith & Jones Co Ltd as agents P. Jackson

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3. Decide which numbers these bits of information replace on the Bill of Lading above:

g) MELBOURNE h) BJT (Pty) i) OUTBACK STREET

a) 8 CASES MICROb) c) d) e) f)

PROCESSORS GLM ENGINEERING LTD10 OAK WAY HALIFAX LIVERPOOL LIVERPOOL LIVERPOOL 19 July 2000 THREE (3)

j) k) l) m) n)

MELBOURNE GLM/BJT MEL 1/8 139.2K X2053 1.16 cu.m “AUSTRALIAN QUEEN”

4. A Bill of Exchange is a sort of post-dated cheque. Look at this Bill of Exchange and in pairs ask and answer questions about it, like this: Ask who wrote the B/E. P: Who wrote the Bill of Exchange? R: Sheila Baker Bill of Exchange Exchange for £750 London 14 July 2008 At 90 days pay this solo Bill of Exchange To the order of ourselves The sum of seven hundred and fifty pounds sterling ___________________________________________ Value goods To DOM KK Signed Sheila Baker 705 3-chome Yamaguchi For BOS Ltd Osaka 13 Mill Street Japan Accepted Harlow M Satsuma Essex cm20 2TR For DOMKK Answer the questions: 1. Ask which company will receive the money. 2. Ask which company Sheila Baker works for. 3. Ask what date the Bill was written.

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Ask how much the Bill is for. Ask how many copies of the Bill there are. Ask what date the Bill will be paid. Ask whether the Bill will be paid in pounds or in yen. Ask which company will pay the Bill. Ask whether this transaction is ‘documents against payment’ or ’documents against acceptance’. 10. Ask who M Satsuma works for.

5. Read the text: Letter of credit (L/C) Bruce Stevens of Harbour Imports Pty, Melbourne, Australia, wanted to pay Peter Weaver of Clothco Ltd, Manchester, UK, for some cloth. Bruce wrote to his bank on a special form and asked them to open an irrevocable documentary credit. This is a Letter of Credit from Bruce's bank guaranteeing payment in Britain at a later date. If it is irrevocable, it cannot be cancelled. Neither Bruce nor his bank can change their minds and refuse to pay. Peter's bank knows Bruce's bank very well and they know they will receive the money, so they confirmed the Letter of Credit. This means that they guaranteed to pay the money so Peter was sure he would be paid. However a Letter of Credit is not negotiable, so Peter had to wait until the Letter of Credit was paid before he received his money. Notes: irrevocable letter of credit - безотзывный аккредитив Give short answers to these questions about the text: 1. Was Peter paid immediately for the cloth? 2. Who applies for a L/C, the importer or the exporter? 3. Who issues a L/C? 4. If a L/C is not irrevocable, who might not pay? 5. If a L/C is not confirmed, who might not pay? 6. Can you discount a L/C? 7. Do you think an exporter would rather be paid by B/E D/P or by L/C? 8. How many reasons can you think of why importers or banks might not pay a B/E or an unconfirmed revocable L/C?

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6. Translate the request to open a L/C: OLD AUSTRALIAN BANK Pty REQUEST TO OPEN INTERNATIONAL DIVISION DOCUMENTARY CREDIT I7 MAIN STREET Date 29 July 2000 MELBOURNE Please open for my/our account a Documentary Credit, in accordance with the undermentioned particulars. Harbour Imports Pty, Billabong St., Signed BRUCE SMITH Melbourne Entries must not be *Delete as necessary made in this margin *'Irrevocable i.e. cannot be cancelled without Type of credit beneficiary's agreement *Revocable i.e subject to cancellation *Airmail/cable Method of advice Counts Bank plc, Manchester, UK Advising bank Clothco Ltd, Cotton Lane, Manchester, UK Name & address of beneficiary £ 900 say nine hundred pounds sterling Amount Valid until 31 October 2000 in Manchester for Availability *acceptance/payment This credit is available by drafts drawn at 90 days sight/accompanied by the required documents Commercial invoice in three copies Documents required Full set Bills of Lading to order marked *freight paid/freight payable at destination and ‘Notify Harbour Imports Pty, Melbourne’ or for goods addressed to Air consignment note Combined transport marked *Freights paid/freight payable at destination document Insurance certificate. Risks as follows: All risks Other documents: Import licence No LHDL 66 2000 6 cases cloth Quantity &

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Description of goods Price per unit Terms & relevant port or place Dispatch/Shipment Documents to be presented Special instructions

£ 150 *CIF, C&F, FOB,FAS, FOR etc.Melbourne From Liverpool to Melbourne For *payment/acceptance within 14 days of the date of issue of the shipping documents None

Translate and answer the question: This is the Letter of Credit Bruce's bank issued for the consignment from Clothco. Unfortunately the bank clerk mixed up his request with another request. How many mistakes can you find in the L/C? NAME OF ISSUING BANK Old Australian Bank Pty International Division 17 Main Street Melbourne Place and date of issue Melbourne, 2 August 2000 Applicant Clothco Ltd, Cotton Lane, Manchester, UK. Advising bank Ref no. Counts Bank plc Old Street Manchester Shipment/dispatch from Melbourne for transportation to Liverpool

REVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT Number 15927 Place and date of expiry 30 September 2000 at counters of advising bank Beneficiary Harbour Imports Pty Billabong Street Melbourne Amount £ 600 (six hundred pounds sterling) Credit available with Counts Bank, Manchester By √ PAYMENT ACCEPTANCE against presentation of documents detailed herein and of your draft(s) at 90 days drawn on Harbour Imports Pty

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Commercial Invoice in two copies. Air Consignment Note for goods dispatched to Harbour Imports Pty Billabong Street, Melbourne marked 'Freight payable at destination'. Import Licence No. FNPJ 77 2000 covering 9 cartons cloth Insurance Certificate covering all Risks C & F Melbourne Documents to be presented within 17 days after date of issue of shipping documents We hereby issue this Documentary Credit in your favour. James Fletcher Old Australian Bank Pty International Division 17 Main Street Melbourne This document consists of 1. signed page Corrections: Bruce wrote to the bank telling them of the mistakes in the L/С and giving them the correct information. Complete these sentences with “should have been” or should not have been”, like this: The L/C ………….. irrevocable. The L/C should have been irrevocable. It should not have been revocable. 1. The date of expiry…….30 September 2000. 2. The applicant …….Clothco Ltd. 3. The beneficiary………Clothco Ltd. 4. The amount………….. 5. The shipment ………..dispatched from Liverpool to Melbourne. 6. The shipping document………..an air consignment note. 7. The B/L……..marked “Freight paid”. 8. The import license number……… 9. The terms…………….C&F. Write a description of these transactions as if you are the exporters and importers. In each case, describe the transaction which is better for you:

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1. GLM sent a consignment of micro-processors from Liverpool to BJT in Australia. The price was 1,000. BJT paid with a Bill of Exchange, D/P. 2. BOS London sent a consignment of stationery to DOM in Japan. The price was 750. DOM paid with a Bill of Exchange, D/A.

Start: (name of company) loaded the (type of goods) on board ship in (name of port) and received the Bill of Lading. They then wrote the Bill of exchange…..etc. Or: We loaded the (type of goods) on board ship in (name of port) and……etc. Write a Bill of Exchange for the GLM-BJT consignment in Exercises 3 and 8. Translate information about irrevocable letter of credit. Draw a transaction plan as a diagram: Here is what typically happens when payment is made by an irrevocable letter of credit confirmed by a U.S. bank. Follow the steps in the illustration below: 1. Exporter and customer agree on terms of sale. 2. Buyer requests its foreign bank to open a letter of credit. 3. The buyer’s bank prepares an irrevocable letter of credit (LC), including all instructions, and sends the irrevocable letter of credit to a U.S. bank. 4. The U.S bank prepares a letter of confirmation and letter of credit and sends to seller. 5. Seller reviews LC. If acceptable, arranges with freight forwarder to deliver goods to designated port of entry. 6. The goods are loaded and shipped. 7. At the same time the forwarder completes the necessary documents and sends documents to the seller. 8. Seller presents documents, indicating full compliance, to the U.S. bank. 9. The U.S. bank reviews the documents. If they are in order, issues seller a check for amount of sale.

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10. 11. buyer. 12. 13.

The documents are airmailed to the buyer's bank for review. If documents are in compliance, the bank sends documents to To claim goods, buyer presents documents to customs broker. Goods are released to buyer.

Translate the text: Air Waybill (AWB) The Air Waybill (AWB) is the most important document issued by a carrier either directly or through its authorised agent. AWB is a contract between the shipper and the carrier that states the terms and conditions of transportation. It is also called airbill or air consignment note. It includes (a) conditions of carriage that define (among other terms and conditions) the carrier's limits of liability and claims procedures, (b) a description of the goods, and (c) applicable charges. Unlike a bill of lading, an AWB is a non-negotiable instrument, does not specify on which flight the shipment will be sent, or when it will reach its destination. It covers transport of cargo from airport to airport. The airline industry has adopted a standard format for AWB which is used throughout the world for both domestic and international traffic. Completing the air waybill correctly speeds the shipment process and assists the carrier's accounting services. Air waybills must be completed in accordance with the applicable IATA rules and procedures. The following information must appear on all waybills:  Type of service required (applies to domestic shipments only);  Account numbers and IATA numbers (including CASS number);  When applicable, shipper's phone number and complete address, including postal code;  Consignee's phone number and complete street address, including postal code. A post office box address is accepted only if the shipment is travelling to a small community where street addresses are not used.  Contract rate, spot rate or other special carrier rate applicable to the shipment (information to be entered in the Accounting Information section of the air waybill).  Special information, attachments or instructions, e.g. "keep cool", "keep away from direct sunlight", "notify consignee upon arrival" or "hold for

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pick-up" (to be entered in the Handling Information section of the air waybill).  Flight number and date (mandatory only for domestic priority shipments holding booked space);  Exact piece count and exact dimensions for all pieces;  gross weight of goods, in kilograms;  Complete "Description of contents";  Applicable rate class: M: Minimum N: Normal (under 45 kg) Q: Quantitative rate (over 45 kg) C: Specific commodity rate R: Class rate - reduction  S: Class rate - surcharge  U: Unit Load Device (ULD) rate (container)  When applicable, specific commodity number (or class rate discount/surcharge percent);  When applicable, ULD number and total number of pieces loaded into the container or onto the pallet  Indication of whether the shipment is prepaid or collect by entering the weight charges or the words "PREPAID" or "COLLECT" in the Weight Charge box. Notes: air waybill – авиагрузовая накладная, накладная при воздушных перевозках. non-negotiable - не дающий право на получение товара IATA rules (International Air Transport Association Rules) - правила авиаперевозок международной ассоциации воздушного транспорта ИАТА. contract rate - авиа. тариф по контракту. spot rate- текущий курс gross weight - общий вес, общая масса (брутто) rate class - класс тарифа ULD (Unit Load Device) - авиационная паллета surcharge – перегрузка, добавочная нагрузка. weight charge - сбор за вес груза prepaid – предварительно оплачено, collect - взыскивать; взимать

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Answer the questions: 1. What are other names for Air Waybill? 2. What does Air Waybill include and define? 3. What is the difference between A Bill of Lading and An Air Waybill? 4. What points must one fill in Air Waybill forms? 5. Are flight number and date necessary when completing an Air Waybill? 6. What types of rate class exist? 7. What does ULD mean? Which words on the left are synonyms of which words on the right? a. carrier 1. air waybill 2. buyer b. top copy 3. exporter c. case 4. airline d. consignee 5. charge e. dimensions 6. description f. shipper 7. measurements g. rate 8. box h. air consignment note 9. original i. nature Give short answers to these questions about the air waybill given below : 1. Which company is selling the goods? 2. Which company is buying the goods? 3. Who is the Carrier? 4. What company is the carrier’s agent? 5. Which airport are the goods leaving from? 6. Which airport are they going to? 7. Is it a direct or a transit flight? 8. What are the abbreviations of departure, destination and transit airports? 9. Is there a flight number?

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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

What kind of commodity is being carried? How many boxes are the goods in? What is the total volume of the consolas? How much does each box weigh? How many copies of the waybill are there? What currency is used in the waybill? What is the cost per kilo to send the goods by air? What is declared value for carriage? What is amount of insurance? Is there a rate class for the commodity? What are the other charges for? How much must the buyer pay when the goods arrive? What handling information should be taken into consideration?

Tell as much information as you can about the consignment in the air waybill given below. Note the following information: Account number - номер счета Agent's IATA (International Air Transport Association) code - код агента Международной авиатранспортной ассоциации. Chargeable Weight - платная масса (вес груза, подлежащий оплате по каждому наименованию груза.) CTNS (carton boxes) - картонные коробки. Currency – валюта. Declared value for carriage - ценность, объявленная для перевозки (указывается в валюте отправителем). Diversion - изменение маршрута. Handling information - информация по обработке груза. Issuing carrier's agent - агент перевозчика, выдавший накладную. Nature and quantity of goods (incl. Dimensions or Volume) наименование и количество груза (включая размеры и (или) объем). NIL - ноль Rate/Charge - тариф/сборы (указывается тариф за перевозку 1 кг груза) Total - всего (указывается сумма оплаты за перевозку принятого груза). Weight charge and valuation charge - cбор за массу и объявленную ценность.

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In pairs, act out a telephone conversation as if you were the carrier's agent and the airline clerk. Arrange to send the consignment in the air waybill given below. The flight leaves at 10.35 and arrives in Guangzhou at 13.45 local time: Not Negotiable Shipper’s Name Shipper’s and Address Account Number Air Waybill issued by UNITED AIRLINES UNITED AIRLINES LOS ANGELES, 1234 N.W 12ST CALIFORNIA MIAMI, Fl 31212 Copies 1, 2 and 3 of this Air Waybill are originals and have the same validity. Consignee's Name Consignee's and Address Account Number CHINA INTERNATIONAL ROOM 801-807, DONG SHAN PLAZA 9, XIAN LIE ZHONG ROAD GUANGZHOU, CHINA Issuing Carrier’s Agent Name and City BLUE SEA SHIPING 841 SANDHILL AVE CARSON,CA 90746 Agent's IATA Code Account No. Airport of Departure LOS ANELES LAX To Routing and to by to by Destination By First Carrier CAN UNI HKG UA CAN UA TED AIRLINES Airport of Destination Requested GUANGZHOU Flight/Date

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Accounting Information

Currency Declared Value for Carriage USD USD

84300.00

Amount of Insurance NIL

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BAIYUN CAN

1834

Handling Information PLEASE NOTIFY CONSIGNEE UPON ARIVAL These commodities, technology or software were exported from the United States in accordance Diversion contrary to with the Export Administration Regulations. U.S. Law prohibited SCI Ultimate destination CHINA No. Gross Kg Rate CharRate Total Nature and of Weight lb Class geable / Quantity of Pieces Goods Com- Weight Char RCP ge (incl. Dimenmodi sions or ty Volume) Item No. 250 CTNS

8055.61 3654.00

Lbs Kgs

3654.00

Prepaid

Weight Charge Collect 4932.90 Valuation Charge Tax Total Other Charges Due Agent .00 .00 Total Other Charges Due Carrier 986.60 .00

Total Prepaid 5919.50 Currency Conversion Rates

1.35

4932.90

CONSOLAS AS PER ATTACHED MANIFEST

250х12х14х13 Other Charges SECURITY 493.30 SURCHAGE FUEL SURCHAGE 493.30 SAMPLE AGENT ………………………………… Signature of Shipper or his Agent

Total Collect .00 11/19/03 LOS SAMPLE CC charges in Executed ANGELES AGENT Dest. Currency on (date) At place Signature

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UNIT 12 JOBS IN LOGISTICS 1. Translate the advertisements about vacancies in logistics found in the Internet: Job Advertisements 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGER Company Name: Calix Networks Job Category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Petaluma, CA Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 10-15 Years Experience Requirements: Manage all supply chain and certain strategic commodity management activities for specific product group(s) and commodities Evaluate technical and business risks using data based analysis and develop sound risk mitigation alternatives Manage and coordinate, as a program or project, all of the resources in the supply base required to accomplish the above tasks Must demonstrate excellent analytical, interpersonal, project management, negotiating, financial, written and oral communication skills 2. SALES REPRESENTATIVE Company Name: Pine State Trading Co Job: Sales; Category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Albany, NY Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 1-2 Years Experience Desired Education: Associates level

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Requirements: The Sales Representative is responsible for building/servicing/maintaining accounts in selected area. Sales experience is required along with a home computer and high-speed internet access. Experience with the transportation, distribution or wholesales industries is preferred. The individual must have a strong focus and background in customer service. Candidates must have excellent communications skills, be well organized, be goal-oriented and be able to work independently. Travel to client accounts and flexibility of hours worked is required. Pine State Trading Co. offers a comprehensive benefits package which includes: vacation, medical/dental, wellness programs, company paid short and long disability plus life insurance. 3. PROCUREMENT SPECIALIST Company Name: Gas Turbine: Siemens Job: Transportation/Logistics Category: Energy/Utilities Location: Houston, TX Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 5-10 Years Experience Job Description This position requires a dedicated, self-starting, motivated, enthusiastic, and creative individual with a working knowledge of gas turbines, excellent project management skills, and a good commercial sense, to perform the following tasks as a remote employee: •Resolve complex delivery, quality or other related issues with purchases and invoices. •Work with customers and suppliers as needed to expedite shipments to meet customer requirements. •Negotiate favorable pricing, terms, and quality requirements with external suppliers. •Review and analyze requisitions and supply plans for domestic and international purchases.

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•Understand contractual requirements as they pertain to I and A and repair orders to help mitigate risk and LD's for Siemens. 4. IMPORT/EXPORT COORDINATOR Company Name: Cardone Industries Inc Job category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Philadelphia, PA Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 2-5 Years Experience Education level: Bachelor's degree Capabilities: Analytical Skills Documentation Skills Oral & Written Communication Skills Quotes and facilitates international freight movements at the lowest cost while meeting operational requirements Collaborates with procurement, supply management, and suppliers for shipment coordination from origin to delivery Provide coverage support for the import/export related functions and other related projects Rewards: Competitive salary and benefits package, including:  Company health benefits: Medical; Dental; Prescription; and Vision  100% Company-paid Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) 5. DRIVER/DELIVERY DRIVER - up to $18 per hour! Company Name: ACG Inc. Job: Job Search Aids Category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Las Vegas, NV • Paradise, NV Position Type: Full-Time, Employee; Delivery Driver - Full Time or Part Time Salary: $10 to $18.50 per year Experience: Unspecified Education level: High School

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Delivery Driver Duties: * Prepares truck for operation by inspecting general condition; checking fluid levels and tire pressure; obtaining or scheduling required repairs; validating adherence to roadability standards. * Loads truck by ordering, placing, and securing items. * Delivers items by identifying destinations; establishing route; operating the truck; unloading items; maintaining schedule. * Develops sales by reviewing standing orders; analyzing sales; recommending changes and new products; taking and placing orders; calling on potential customers. 6. WAREHOUSE LOGISTICS MANAGER Company Name: Employment Opportunity Job category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Pittsburgh, PA Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 5-10 Years Experience Education level: High School WAREHOUSE LOGISTICS MANAGER LARGE HOME SERVICE COMPANY IS IN THE IMMEDIATE NEED FOR A WAREHOUSE LOGISTIC MANAGER. THE FOLLOWING SKILLS AND BACKGROUND ARE NEEDED * 5-7 SUCCESSFUL YRS AS A WAREHOUSE MANAGER OR SUPERVISOR. * 3-5 SUCCESSFUL YEARS OVERSEEING INVENTORY AND LOGISTICS. * STRONG MULTITASKING, ATTENTION TO DETAIL AND STRONG COMPUTER SKILLS. * ABILITY TO HIRE, COACH, DIRECT A STAFF OF OVER 10 PEOPLE. * AVAILABLE 7 DAYS PER WEEK, 365 PER YEAR. WE OFFER THE FOLLOWING: PAID VACATION, MEDICAL BENEFITS, PLEASE SEND RESUME, COVER LETTER, AND SALARY REQUIREMENTS TO: [email protected]

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7. WAREHOUSE SUPERVISOR Company Name: Labor Ready Job category: Transportation/Logistics Location: Upland, CA Position Type: Full-Time, Employee Experience: 2-5 Years Experience Tasks include, but are not limited to: -all warehouse worker functions -receive, unpack, check and store product -pack, crate and ship product -coordinate warehouse layout for neat, efficient storage -work with materials buyer to coordinate material purchase orders, delivery schedules and related issues -troubleshoot problems -may operate forklift only if trained and certified Answer the questions: 1. What job vacancy a part-time employment is required for? 2. Where is a full-time employment necessary? 3. What job requires the biggest work experience? 4. What’s the name of the company offering a comprehensive benefits package? Where is it located? 5. What American states are mentioned in the job advertisements? 6. What vacancy are written and communication skills necessary for? 7. Experience with the transportation, distribution, wholesales for the sales representative is preferred or obligatory? 8. Name the positions for which project management skills are necessary. 9. What job in the sphere of logistics requires the experience in managing all supply chains? 10. Which job means interacting both with customers and suppliers? 11. What vacancy is the knowledge of gas turbines needed for? 12. Who is responsible for the domestic and international purchases?

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13. Analytical skills are important for the delivery driver and import/export coordinator. True or false? 14. Such duties as negotiating pricing, analyzing plans for domestic and international purchases are necessary for warehouse supervisor, aren’t they? 15. Where is the highest education level needed? Where is the education level not specified at all? 16. Identifying destinations; establishing route; operating the truck; unloading items; maintaining schedule. Whose duty is it? 17. Name the specialist who collaborates with procurement, supply management, and suppliers for shipment coordination from origin to delivery. 18. Who identifies destinations establishing route, operating the truck, unloading items and maintaining schedule? 19. Attention to detail, strong computer skills, ability to hire, coach, direct a staff of over 10 people, are the most important requirements for what job vacancy? 20. What is the difference in duties of 2 positions: warehouse logistics manager and warehouse supervisor? 21. What job position implies possessing creative skills? 2. Indicate the type of duties of each job listed above: Supply chain manager. The main requirements for this job are…. The main duties of the sales representative are………………….. Procurement specialist is responsible for……………..…………. Import/export coordinator possesses such professional as……………………………………………. Driver/delivery driver’s work deals with ….. Warehouse logistics manager is engaged in... Warehouse supervisor controls………….…..

qualities

3. Translate a covering letter attached to the resume for the vacancy “Purchasing agent and supply section supervisor”:

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Date

Covering Letter

Exact Name of Person Title or Position Name of Company Address City, State, Zip Dear Exact Name of Person: (or Dear Sir or Madam if answering a blind ad.) With the enclosed resume, I would like to make you aware of my background in logistics and distribution operations with an emphasis on experience in purchasing. As you will see from my resume, during my approximately seven years of military service I have become proficient in operating and training others in the operation of the Unit Level Logistics Supply System 4 (ULLSS-4) database. With experience in procuring supplies and equipment, supervising and mentoring employees, and presenting briefings which allow executives to gain information concerning supply activities, I have earned a reputation as a self-motivated professional who can be counted on to get the job done right the first time. Familiar with the Department of Defense (DoD) contracting process, in several assignments I have been credited with saving government funds through my initiative and resourcefulness. I have been cited as the key force in developing sources for obtaining equipment and supplies from outside the standard military channels by using civilian sources for lower cost and reduced waiting times. Presently in control of purchasing for a 120-person organization, I purchase an average of $13 million in equipment quarterly while controlling a $10 million inventory of electronics and communication gear, food, furniture, and other classes of supplies. The recipient of two U.S. Army Commendation Medals and two U.S. Army Achievement Medals in recognition of my professionalism and dedication, I also was awarded the Humanitarian Service Medal for my contributions during hurricane cleanup efforts. If you can use a resourceful and creative professional who is known

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for sound judgment and for getting results, I hope you will welcome my call soon when I try to arrange a brief meeting to discuss your goals and how my background might serve your needs. I can provide outstanding references at the appropriate time. Sincerely, Fred Hall Alternate last paragraph: I hope you will write or call me soon to suggest a time when we might meet to discuss your needs and goals and how my background might serve them. I can provide outstanding references at the appropriate time. Answer the questions:

1. 2. 3. 4.

How long did Fred Hall work in the military service? What is he proficient in? What kind of reputation does he have? How did he manage to save government funds while working at the Department of Defence? 5. What did he use civilian sources for lower cost for? 6. What is he engaged in at the present? 7. What kind of inventory control does he perform? 8. What medals was he awarded? 9. Can he provide the employers with the references? 10. What are his professional qualities?

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4. Translate the resume. Make a review of Fred Hall’s experience: Resume/Curriculum Vitae FRED HALL 1110˚ Hay Street, Fayetteville, NC 28305 [email protected] (910) 483-6611 To contribute a strong base of experience in OBJECTIVE logistics and distribution operations to an organization that can use a natural leader who offers superior communication and motivational abilities gained while excelling in inventory management activities. EDUCATION & TRAINING EXPERIENCE

Completed U.S. Army-sponsored training with the ULLSS-4 (Unit Level Logistics Supply System 4) as well as courses in Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint. SUPPLY OPERATIONS SUPERVISOR. Fort Benning, GA (200305). Cited for my willingness to share knowledge with others and dedication to doing whatever was needed to get the job done, oversaw a large-scale supply operation with $75 million worth of equipment. • Supervised two people and was frequently sought out to counsel and advise others. • Purchased $2 million worth of equipment and managed a $2 million annual budget. • Developed more efficient methods for purchasing needed supplies and equipment from civilian markets with the result that the government achieved $50,000 in annual savings.

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• Received “no discrepancies 100%” evaluations during three consecutive highlevel inspections of the weapons and ammunition supply room as well as for the supply section during a maintenance assessment inspection. ASSISTANT SUPERVISOR FOR SUPPLY ACTIVITIES. Fort Benning, GA (2003). Created improvements to the annual budget which resulted in saving the government $75,000 while accounting for more than $25 million worth of equipment. • Became familiar with the most economical sources for purchasing materials from civilian sources and ordered all classes of supplies from both civilian and military sources. • Supervised five people and maintained a $150,000 quarterly operations budget. SUPERVISORY SUPPLY SPECIALIST. Germany (2001-02). Was cited as a force for positive change in American-German relations while supervising five people and controlling a $7 million property inventory and in excess of $20 million worth of equipment • Implemented improvements to purchasing plans for a company which spent an average of $200,000 a quarter and earned 14 commendable ratings during a major inspection. SUPPLY CLERK. Fort Jackson, SC (199901). Gained experience in time management and human relations while accounting for $10 million worth of property and ordering all classes of supplies; planned, designed,

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and implemented a two-year $160,000 budget. • Filed reports, organized files, and investigated cases of loss, damage, or theft. Have earned two U.S. Army Commendation Medals, two Achievement Medals, and a Humanitarian Service Medal in recognition of accomplishments. Secret security clearance. PERSONAL

5. Write your resume (CV) and covering letter according to the above given examples: 6. Write a resume which would be successful for obtaining any vacancy from Ex. 1.

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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS I 1: For each of the following four types of businesses (Airline HubAuto Plant Accounting Firm Copper Smelter), rate the importance of each factor in terms of making international location decisions. Use L for low importance, M for moderate importance, and H for high importance: Factors: Labor costs, Availability of skilled labor, Transportation costs, Nearness to customers Cost of living, Pollution control regulation, Nearness to raw materials, Construction costs Presence of similar firms, Exchange rate stability 2: Explain how superior value chain management can increase a firm's competitive advantage. How is telematics impacting the internationalization of service industries? 3: Most international pharmaceutical companies have their plants in advanced industrial countries of North America, Europe, and Japan. In contrast, most sports footwear companies source their products from developing countries such as China and Indonesia. Explain this seeming inconsistency. 4: How important is it for a firm to win one of the major quality awards? What competitive benefits can be gained by a firm that obtains ISO 9000 certification? Explain. 5: Identify a list of criteria that a firm should use to decide which aspects of its value chain it should outsource. What aspects should not be outsourced? Why or why not? 6: How should a firm determine the strategic role of its foreign factories? Are some roles preferable to others? II Case: Siemens Automotive Systems. In early 1995, Stephen Drake, product marketing manager at Siemens' electrical motors division in London, Canada, under heavy pressure from customers to reduce prices, was evaluating various cost-cutting options. With 162

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materials accounting for 60 percent of total cost, Stephen knew sourcing components offshore and moving assembly operations to low-cost, soft-currency locations were two alternatives. He wondered what additional information he might require and what options he should recommend. General Company Background: The Electric Motor/Electrical Motor Systems division (henceforth referred to as EM division) was part of the Automotive Systems group of Siemens, a German multinational firm, the sixth largest electronics and electrical engineering company in the world. The world headquarters of the Automotive Systems group was located in Regensburg, Germany, with research and development, testing, production, assembling, and sales and service facilities situated worldwide. The group was one of the leading suppliers of automotive electrical and electronic components and systems to the automobile industry. Questions: 1: What, if any, additional information would help Stephen Drake decide on what recommendations to make to his superior? 2: How can a multinational company such as Siemens address the issues caused by changes in exchange rates? 3: What will be the role of the London facilities if more and more work is outsourced? 4: Given the drawbacks to outsourcing that Siemens Automotive has experienced, why should the company persist with this option? 5: Siemens Automotive is competing with other divisions in the same company and with other companies in the industry. What is the basis of this competition? How can Siemens retain its mandate and competitive edge? III Is it true that every organisation has to move materials to support its operations? Give examples from different types of organisation to support your views. IV How important is logistics to the national economy? How has this changed over time? V Organisations are only really interested in making products that they 163

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can sell to customers. Provided they have reliable first-tier supplies and transport for products to first-tier customers, logistics is irrelevant. Do you think this is true? VI Very few organisations deal with the final customer for a product. Most work upstream and form one step of the supply chain, often passing materials to internal customers within the same organisation. How does the type of customer affect the organisation of logistics and the measures of customer satisfaction? VII The cost of logistics varies widely from organisation to organisation. What factors affect these costs? Are the costs fixed or can they be controlled? VIII How can you measure customer service or satisfaction, and why is it important? IX How can a company find the best balance between service level and costs? X Is it really true that logistics affects all aspects of an organisation’s performance? XI ‘Logistics is a part of every product package.’ What does this mean, and is it true? XII In 1996 a survey by Deloitte & Touche in Canada found that 98% of respondents described logistics as either ‘critical’ or ‘very important’ to their company. The survey also emphasised the rate of change in the area, with over 90% of organisations either currently improving their supply chain or planning improvements within the next two years. Do you think that these findings are still valid? 164

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Библиография 1 Левиков, Г.А. «Логистика, транспорт и экспедирование: краткий словарь-справочник / Г.А. Левиков. – М.: ТрансЛит, 2008. – 224 с. 2 Николаева Л.Л. Морские перевозки: учебник / Л.Л. Николаева, Н.Н. Цымбал. – Одесса: Феникс, 2005 - 425 с. 3 David Lowe Dictionary of Transport and Logistics. Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms, Kogan Page 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN, 2002. – 297 p. 4 Grussendorf, Marion. English for Logistics / Marion Grussendorf. – Oxford: ISBN 978-0-19-457945-2, Oxford University Press, 2009 – 94 p. 5 Naterop, B.J. Business Letters for All / B.J. Naterop, E. Weis, E. Haberfellner. – Oxford University Press, 2004 – 163 p. 6 McKinney, Anne. Real-resumes for supply & logistics jobs including resumes used to change careers and resumes used to gain federal employment / Anne McKinney.– Prepublishing, Fayetteville, NC, 2006. – 194 p 7 NATO Public Diplomacy “Logistics support for NATO operations” Division 1110 Brussels Belgium BGR1-LOG-ENG-0206 NATO 2006- 9 p. 8 Norman, Susan. We are in business/English for commercial practice and international trade / Susan Norman. – London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1990 – 138 p. 9 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration “Intermodal Transportation and Inventory Cost Model Highway-to-Rail Intermodal” User’s Manual, March 2005 35 p. 10 Zografos, K. Current Challenges for Intermogal Freight transport and logistics in Europe and the U.S. Transportation Systems and Logistics Laboratory / K. Zografos, A. Recker. – Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Irvine, 2003 – 20 p. 11 Селезнев, А.А. Логистический аутсорсинг, 02.06.2010 www.centripro.com 165

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12 Черноусов, Е.В. Менеджмент в России и за рубежом. Статьи из

номера N6 / 2002 Анализ

рынка логистических

провайдеров - зарубежный опыт. http://www.mevriz.ru/articles/ 2002/6/1010.html 13 http://www.financialtimes.com 14 http://www.logisticsmgmt.com 15 http://www.logixsource.com/weblinks/lscsupplychainlogisticsglo ssary.pdf 16 http://www.wikipedia.org

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УЧЕБНОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ

Э.И. Муртазина, Э.З. Фахрутдинова

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (Логистика и управление цепями поставок)

Редактор Л.Г. Шевчук

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Лицензия № 020404 от 6.03.97 г. Подписано в печать 26.06.13 Бумага офсетная 10,5 уч.-изд. л.

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