Leguminosae of Ethiopia 8770011389, 9788770011389

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LEQUMINOSAE

OF ETHIOPIA MATS THULIN W ITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY M A U R E E N C H U R C H

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Opera B oh n ica

Leguminosae of Ethiopia

Leguminosae of Ethiopia Mats Thulin with illustrations by Maureen Church

Opera Botanica 68

Copenhagen 1983

Leguminosae of Ethiopia M. Thulin

Thulin, M. 1983. Legum inosae of Ethiopia. - O pera Bot. 68: 1-223. C openhagen ISBN 87-7001-138-9. This is a concise account of all species of Legum inosae known to occur in Ethiopia, with keys, descriptions and distributional data given for all 613 species recorded. Illustrations are provided for 200 taxa. Fifty-five species are reported from E thiopia for the first time. Brief introductory chapters are given on botanical exploration and phytogeography. Mats Thulin, Institute o f Systematic Botany, University o f Uppsala, Box 541, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.

Contents In tro d u c tio n ..................................................................... Botanical e x p lo ra tio n ............................................... Material and methods ............................................. Format and p re s e n ta t io n ......................................... Phytogeography............. . .......................................... New records for the Ethiopian f l o r a ................... R e f e r e n c e s ................................................. ................

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11 12 13

Flora p a r t ......................................................................... 14 C aesalpinioideae........................................................ 14 M im o so id e a e .............................................................. 34 Papilionoideae............................................................ 59 A p p e n d i x .....................................................................211 Index to vernacular names .................................... 211 Index to scientific n a m e s .........................................213

The completion of this paper owes to the help and en ­ couragement of a large number of people, only a few of which can be mentioned here. The Directors and Curators at BM, E T H , FT, K, P, W A G and many other herbaria have kindly placed material at my and Mr H unde’s disposal. All assistance given by the staff at Kew during my six months’ stay there is greatly ap­ preciated. Particularly I wish to thank D r R. M. Polhill, not least for generously giving me free access to the manuscript of his then unpublished monumental revi­ sion of African Crotalaria. Mr J. B. Gillett, Nairobi, has answered many enquieries and has shared of his wide experience of the N E African flora. Mr M. G. Gilbert, Nairobi, and Mr G. Aweke, Mr A. Hunde and Mr M. Tadesse have in an inspiring way taken part in the field-trips. Professor Tewolde Berhan G. E. has also

assisted in various ways during my visits to Ethiopia. At my home institute in Uppsala I am much obliged to all colleagues, particularly to its Head, Professor O. Hedberg for his never failing support and encouragement. Finally the excellent work of the artist, Mrs M. E. Church, must be duly praised. Her participation in the project has, as can be easily seen by a glimpse through the pages, greatly increased the value of this paper. My work has been financed since 1977 by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. The work of A. Hunde has been supported by a three years' grant from the Swedish Institute. The field trips to Ethiopia and the study trips to various herbaria have been fi­ nanced by the Swedish Natural Science Research C oun­ cil, SAREC, the Salen foundation and various funds of the Uppsala University, all of which is gratefully acknowledged.

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Acknowledgem ents

Introduction There has long been a deeply felt need for a “Flora of Ethiopia” . After preparatory work within A. E. T. F. A. T. (Association pour I'Etude Taxonomique de la Flore d'Afrique Tropicale) during the 1970's, a joint project between the Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa Univer­ sity and the Institute of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University has recently started with support from SAR EC (Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries). Being one of the largest and economically most important families in the coun­ try, Leguminosae was selected for a pilot project and it is hoped that the present work will serve as a model for the Flora. The aim of the present paper is to give a concise account of all species of the family Leguminosae known to occur in Ethiopia and to provide a means of iden­ tifying them. Leguminosae, with its 613 species, is the second largest family in the country after the slightly larger Gramineae. Comprising approximately 10% of the total number of species in Ethiopia, the family in­ cludes many plants used for food, forage, pasture im­ provement, charcoal production, timber and ornament. Although this work is based on studies of virtually all herbarium material available, supplemented by field­ work in various parts of Ethiopia, it is by no means to be considered complete. Large areas in Ethiopia are still very inadequately known and by continued botanical exploration additional species will no doubt be discov­ ered. 1 hope, however, that this volume will increase the interest in the Ethiopian flora and stimulate to further collect;ng and taxonomic research, and also that it will prove useful to all those interested in applied botany in any of its forms. The account of subfam. Caesalpinioideae has been written jointly with R. Polhill, Kew and that of subfam. Mimosoideae with A. Hunde, Uppsala, except for Acacia for which A. Hunde is alone responsible.

Botanical exploration The botanical exploration of Ethiopia started earlier than in almost any other tropical African country. Al­ ready in 1769—1772 Ethiopia was visited by the Scottish traveller and naturalist J. Bruce who brought back seeds which were grown in various European botanical gar­ dens and also made engravings and descriptions of many Ethiopian plants only 24 of which were published

(Bruce 1790). Several legumes have been based on Bruce’s material, among them the mysterious, never re­ collected Bauhinia farek Desv. During the 19th century very important collections were made by the German W. G. Schimper (in Ethiopia from 1837 until his death in 1878) and the Frenchmen R. Quartin Dillon (in Ethiopia from 1838 until his death in 1840) and A. Petit (in Ethiopia from 1838 until his death in 1843). Their collections formed the basis of A. Richard’s “ Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae" (1847-51) which recorded all the about 1700 species then known from the country. Owing to this comparatively early exploration numer­ ous tropical African plants were first described from Ethiopia and knowledge of the Ethiopian flora is therefore important for the understanding of taxonomy and nomenclature of the tropical African flora as a whole. This early botanical activity was concentrated in the North and Central parts of the country, and the East and South parts were not visited by botanists until near the turn of the century. During the first half of this century most botanical work was done by Italians, mainly in Eritrea and other northern regions. Important revisional work has been published in Italy since 1953 in ‘‘Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae” (appearing in Webbia). From 1953 to 1961 the Englishman H. F. Mooney made extensive collections in Ethiopia which now form the nucleus of the National Herbarium in Addis Abeba. A recent milestone in the botanical his­ tory of the country is Cufodontis’ “ Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta” (1953—1972) in which all published information on the flora of Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti is collated into a checklist. A revised version of this checklist (covering also Sudan and Socotra) is now being prepared within A. E. T. F. A. T. As regards Leguminosae, 19 cultivated legume crops were treated by Westphal (1974), and a guide to pasture legumes, concentrating mainly upon species occurring in the central highlands, was produced by Froman (1974). For a more exhaustive list of collectors in the area see Cufodontis (1962). Stearn (1982) gives further details about early collectors. Cufodontis (1951) and Gillett (1972) give very valuable information on Schimper’s travels and collecting localities in Ethiopia.

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M aterial and m ethods A fter the initial preparation in 1977 of a checklist based mainly on literature records, the m aterial of the follow­ ing herbaria with im portant Ethiopian collections has been studied: BG (O uren’s collections), C, ETH , FR (in part), FT, H (mainly Smeds’ collections), K, MO (in part), P, S, STU (in part), UPS, W AG. Type material or other individual specimens from other herbaria as well as m aterial from adjacent countries has also been consulted w henever necessary. D uring a total of about six m onths fieldwork in E thiopia some 320 species of Leguminosae have been studied in the field. The re­ gions visited were Gojjam, Wellega, Shoa, Arssi, Bale, Harerghe, G am o Gofa and Sidamo. Some 60 species have been kept in cultivation in greenhouses at the Uppsala Botanical G arden. For the writing of this paper the treatm ent of Legum inosae for Flora of Tropical East Africa (H ubbard & M ilne-R edhead (eds.) 1959 and M ilne-R edhead & Polhill (eds.) 1967, 1971) and its precursory papers in Kew Bulletin have been of greatest importance. For the preparation of descriptions and keys we have draw n from these works whenever applicable, although always critically. All records and inform ation given are based on m aterial examined by the respective author if not otherwise stated.

Form at and presentation The format of this work is in most respects in accor­ dance with the “ Proposal for a Flora of E thiopia” pro­ duced by the W orking C om m ittee and Advisory C om ­ m ittee for a Flora of Ethiopia formed within A. E. T. F. A. T. after the V llth plenary m eeting in Munich 1970. The main difference from the Proposal is that Ogaden is included, so that the whole of Ethiopia is covered. The regions used for the geographical subdivision of Ethiopia (Fig. 2) are the adm inistrative regions (Fig. 1) of the country with the following exceptions: E ritrea is divided into EW and E E by a line along the 1000 m contour. EW thus includes the plateau above 1000 m and lowland west of this. E E includes all the Red Sea coastal areas below 1000 m and some higher areas in the far east. The whole D anakil area is treated as one floristic region. The west boundary of this region follows the 1000 m contour along the escarpm ent from the inter­ section with the E ritrean border in the north to 10° N in the south. The Awash valley is included in Shoa and separated from D anakil by 40°15' E. The south bound­ ary of D anakil follows the 1000 m contour from the intersection with 40°15' E to the Somalia border. The Ogaden area is defined as the area east of a line along 40° E from the intersection with the Sidamo bor­ der to 6 ° N, along 6 ° N to 40°30' E, along 40°30' E to 8°30' N, along 8°30' N to 43° E, along 43° E to 9° N, along 9° N to 43°30' E, along 43°30' E to the Somalia

border. This area is divided into two regions: H O which includes the part of Ogaden which falls within the H arerghe adm inistrative region plus the easternm ost corner of Arssi, and BO which covers the part of O gaden which falls within Bale adm inistrative region. In those regions where the Danakil and/or Ogaden part has been left out a U indicates U pland (TU = Tigray U pland etc.). The following abbreviations have been used (note that new names or spellings for some of the regions have been introduced since the revolution, the earlier nam es are given within parenthesis): EW EE DN TU GD WU GJ WG SU IL KF GG AR HU HO BU BO SD

E ritrea W est E ritrea East Danakil Tigray (Tigre) Upland G onder (Begemdir) Wello (W ollo) Upland Gojjam Wellega Shoa (Shewa) Upland Illubabor Keffa (Kaffa) G am o G ofa (G am u-G ofa) Arssi (Arussi) H arerghe (H arar) U pland H arerghe Ogaden Bale U pland Bale Ogaden Sidamo

The regions are cited in the following sequence: EE, DN (lowlands north); EW, TU , G D , W U, GJ (uplands north); WG, SU, A R, BU, H U (uplands central); HO, BO (lowlands east); IL, KF, G G , SD (uplands and lowlands south and southwest). If a locality is situated on the border betw een two regions their symbols are connected by a hyphen (e.g. G G -SD ). To facilitate the understanding of the presentation of the work the following points should be noticed: (1) Insufficiently 4—25 mm, appressed puberulous beneath and sometim es also above; petiole shorter than the leaflets. Racemes 2.5 -1 5 cm long, shortly pedun­ culate, dense at first, elongating and ± lax. Calyx be­ coming basally truncate and deflexed against the pedicel, 2 -3 mm long, ± puberulous. Standard yellow, veined purple; keel rounded, 4—6 mm long, with a very short blunt beak. Pod 10—14 x 4—5 mm, subglabrous to appressed puberulous, c. 10-20-seeded. G rassland and bushland; c. 1200—1500 m. TU , G D (Sudan border), SU, KF; Sudan, Zaire, Malawi. G ilbert & Thulin 974; O uren 21253. 39. C. cylindrica A. Rich. (1847); type: Tigray, Petit 4 (P, holo.). C. tigrensis Bak. (1871); type: Schimper 259 (K, holo., BM, iso.). C. cylindrica var. pusilla Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 401 (1908); type: E ritrea, Pappi 5043 (FT, holo.). C. nigrescens Chiov. (1939); type: Sidamo, Mega, Cufodontis 641 (FT, holo.). Perennial with num erous ascending stems up to c. 0.4 m long; stem s appressed pubescent. Leaflets 3, oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic, mostly 10—25(—40) x 4 -1 0 mm, usually glabrous above, appressed puberul­ ous beneath; petiole 2—10 mm long. Racemes pedun­ culate with c. 4—16 flowers generally rather closely ar­ ranged tow ards the top. Calyx becoming truncate at the base and deflexed against the pedicel, 3—-16-seeded. Upland grassland and bushland, forest margins; 1800-2100 m. W G, IL, KF, SD; U ganda, Kenya, T an ­ zania. W. de Wilde 9335; M ooney 8794; Friis et al. 19.

puberulous beneath petiole 3—30 mm long. Stipules absent. Racemes laxly 4-12-flow ered. Calyx 8 -1 0 mm long, puberulous; lobes twice as long as the tube. Stan­ dard obovate, yellow medially puberulous outside; keel subangular, 12-15 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod 20-25 x 5 mm, puberulous, c. 14-20-seeded. Deciduous bushland; c. 400 m. H O ; N Somalia. Simmons S 77.

66. C. fascicularis Polhill (1968). Bushy herb or shrub, up to 1-2 m tall; branches yel­ lowish tomentose. Leaves mostly crowded on very short lateral shoots; leaflets 3, oblanceolate to obovate. up to 15-37 x 5 -2 0 mm, glabrous above, thinly to rather densely appressed pubescent beneath; petiole c. 10—12 mm long. Racemes few- to many-flowered, fairly dense. Calyx 5 -7 mm long, appressed pubescent; upper lobes ± as long as the tube. Standard yellow, becoming suf­ fused red or brown, som etim es puberulous along the midvein outside; keel abruptly rounded below the mid­ dle (1 2 -) 13-16 mm long with a long twisted beak. Pod c. 2 5 -3 0 x 5 -6 mm. puberulous. Seeds sm ooth. U pland grassland, bushland and woodland, forest margins, often in rocky places; 1500-1950 m. SD; N Uganda, Kenya. Burger 1802; M ooney 7374; Thulin, Hunde & Tadesse 3340.

69. C. oligosperma Polhill (1982); type: H arerghe, Burger 3277 (K. holo., FT, iso.). Small shrub, 0.3 -1 .2 m tall; branchlets densely white pubescent. Leaflets 3, obovate, (3 -)6 -1 5 x (2—)4 -8 mm, puberulous at least beneath; petiole (3—)5—15 mm long. Stipules absent. Racemes short, 2-8-flow ered. Calyx 4 -6 mm long; lobes 1.5-2 times as long as the tube. Standard yellow, som etim es reddish veined, glabrous or medially puberulous outside; keel suban­ gular, 9 -1 2 mm long, with a straight twisted beak. Pod 8—10 x 4—5 mm, densely puberulous, 6-8-seeded. Deciduous woodland or bushland, often on lime­ stone; c. 4 0 0 -1 6 0 0 m. HU, H O , SD ; N Somalia, N Kenya. Ellis 395; Friis et al. 925; Thulin, Hunde & Tadesse 3567.

67. C. em argineila V atke (1878); type: E ritrea, H abab, H ildebrandt 586 (W. holo.). Fig. 40:1. C. laxa Franch. (1882). C. nogalensis Chiov. (1929). C. rathjensiana Schwartz (1939). Spreading subshrub or woody herb, up to 0 .3 -1 .7 m tall; branches pubescent. Leaves mostly crowded on very short lateral shoots; leaflets 3, obovate, up to 9 -3 0 x 6—13(—17) mm, pubescent on both surfaces or glabr­ ous above; petiole up to 10—18(—30) mm long. Racemes fairly lax and many-flowered. Calyx 6—8 mm long, pubescent; lobes mostly c. twice as long as the tube. Standard yellow, sometim es veined reddish or becom ­ ing suffused red or brown, glabrous to puberulous o u t­ side; keel bent at right-angles in the lower half, c. 11-14 mm long, with a long twisted beak. Pod 15-25 x 5 -6 mm, pubescent, c. 14-20-seeded. Seeds rugulose. D eciduous bushland or woodland, roadsides; 4 0 0 -1550 m. E E , DN, EW, HU, HO, BO, SD; Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Yemen. Burger 2829; G il­ bert 1858; Thulin, H unde & Tadesse 3565. Friis et al. 1009 from SD (near Filtu) differs in being a distinctly woody shrub with densely appressed white pubescent branches. It also has a reddish veined stand­ ard and an unusually short keel (8 -9 mm). Similar plants have been found on limestone in NE Kenya. More m aterial is desired. 68. C. incrassifolia Polhill (1982). Shrub, 1—1.5 m tall; youngest parts puberulous. Leaflets 3, obovate, 4 -1 5 x 3 -9 mm, ± thickened, 174

70. C. axillaris Ait (1789). Shrub or wood} herb, up to 1—4 m tall; branches puberulous to densely yellowish pubescent. Leaflets 3, elliptic or lanceolate, up to 4 5 -1 0 0 x 2 2 -5 5 mm, glabrous above, appressed puberulous to pubescent be­ neath: petiole c. 3-10.5 cm long. Inflorescences axil­ lary, very short, 2 -6 (-1 2 )-flo w ered . Calyx c. 10—13(—15) mm long, thinly puberulous to pubescent: upper lobes much longer than the tube. Standard yel­ low. puberulous along the midvein outside; keel rounded below the middle, c. 15-18 mm long, with a long twisted beak. Pod c. 4 5 -6 0 x 8 -1 5 mm, puberul­ ous or pubescent, c. 16-20- seeded. Forest edges, along rivers; 9 0 0 -1 6 0 0 m. BU, KF; widespread in tropical Africa. Meyer 9005; Mooney 8460. 71. C. recta Steud. ex A. Rich. (1847); types: Tigray, Schimper III: 1894 (P, syn., BM, FT, K, M, MO, iso­ syn.) & Schimper II: 1083 (P, syn.) & Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P. syn.). C. simplex A. Rich. (1847); C. recta subsp. simplex (A. Rich.) Bak. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 353 (1914); type: Tigray. Q uartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P, h o lo ). Perennial, usually with several erect sparingly branched stems, up to 1-3 m tall; stems hollow, ap­ pressed pubescent. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate to el­ liptic or obovate, up to 18-140 x 14—60 mm, glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole broadly grooved, up to 2 5 -4 0 (-6 0 ) mm long. Racemes usually long and many-flowered, fairly dense. Calyx 9 -1 2 mm long, subglabrous to appressed pubescent. Standard

Fig. 4U. — I: Crotalaria emarginella, a: flowering branch, from Burger 2829, b: fruiting branch, from G ilbert 3393. - 2: C. karagwensis, habit, from G ilbert, Thulin & Aweke 549. - 3: C. spinosa, a: flowering branch, b: fruiting branch, both from Thulin 1346. - 4 : C. stenorhampha, a: flowering branch, from Smeds 1271, b: fruiting branch, from M ooney 6812. 1, 2 and 4: x 0.75, 3: x 1.125.

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yellow, veined purplish at the base inside, glabrous or with a few hairs at the apex outside; keel rounded about the middle, 12-15 mm long, with a short incurved twisted beak. Pod 4 5 -6 5 x 15-20 mm. usually glabr­ ous, c. 26-34-seeded. G rassland, bushland, forest margins; (1 2 0 0 -) 1 800-2700 m. TU , G D , G J, W G , SU. A R, HU, KF, SD: widespread in tropical Africa. Thulin 1435; G ilbert & Thulin 849; Ash 2068. 72. C. retusa L. (1753). Erect annual or short-lived perennial, up to 1.5 m tall; stem shortly pubescent. Leaves simple, oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, up to 35 -1 1 0 x 18-40 mm, rounded or em arginate at the apex, glabrous above, finely appressed pubescent beneath; petiole c. 2 -4 mm long. Racemes many-flowered. Calyx 11-14 mm long, glabrous to appressed puberulous. Standard yellow, veined purplish, usually with a few hairs along the midvein outside; keel rounded, 13-15 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod up to 4 0 -5 0 x 13—18 mm, glabrous, c. 12-20-seeded. G rassland, woodland, old cultivations and waste places; 1000-1800 m. DN, EW , H U ; pantropical. G il­ bert & Thulin 17; Baldrati 397; Burger 1341. Widely cultivated for its fibers or as an ornam ental, also spreading as a weed. Possibly not native in Ethiopia. 73. C. deserticola Bak. f. (1914). C. rhopalocarpa Chiov. (1939); type: Sidamo, Cufodontis 565 (FT. holo.). A nnual or short-lived perennial, up to 0 .5-1.5 m tall but often much smaller; branches thinly appressed pu­ berulous. Leaflets 3, linear to oblanceolate or elliptic, up to 20-7 5 x 2 -2 8 mm, glabrous above, thinly ap­ pressed puberulous beneath; petiole up to 12-40 mm long. Racemes lax, usually many-flowered. Calyx 3 -7 mm long, glabrous to medially puberulous outside; keel bent at right-angles in the lower half, 6 -1 8 mm long, with a long narrow twisted beak. Pod (1 5 -)2 0 —40 X 4—11 mm, appressed puberulous, c. 16-30-seeded. Grassland, woodland and bushland; 1300—1950 m. SU, KF, G G , SD; w idespread in the eastern part of tropical Africa. G ilbert, Thulin & Aweke 535, 599; Jansen 5565. The Ethiopian material is small-flowered and belongs to var. deserticola. 74. C. karagwensis Taub. (1895). Fig. 40:2. C. lugardiorum Bullock (1932). E rect annual, 0.2-1 m tall; stem strigulose. Leaves simple, linear-lanceolate to elliptic, up to 38-115 x 4 -1 2 mm. glabrous above, strigulose beneath: petiole 1-2 mm long. Racem es lax, c. (6 -) 10—24 -flowered. Calyx (4 .5 -)6 -8 mm long, strigulose. Standard yellow, veined purplish, puberulous apically outside; keel an­ gular, (7—)8—11 mm long, with a long straight twisted

beak. Pod 25 -3 5 x 6 mm, appressed puberulous, c. 26-34-seeded. G rassland and w oodland; 1300-2150 m. WG, SU, HU. KF, G G , SD; Nigeria, C am eroun, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire. Rwanda, Burundi. W. de Wilde 7595: G ilbert. Thulin & Aweke 549: M ooney 6020.

75. C. senegalensis iPers.) B ad e ex DC. (1825). C. carinata Steud. ex A. Rich. (1847); C. senegalensis var. carinata (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Bak. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 338 (1914); types: Tigray, Schimper II: 519 (P, syn., K, MO. UPS, isosyn.) & Schimper II: 772 (P, syn.. BM. K, isosyn.) & Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P. syn.). C. macilenta Del. (1826); C. senegalensis var. macilenta (D el.) Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 82 (1903). C. senegalensis var. sanguinolenta Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 399 (1908); type: E ritrea, Tellini 1179 (FT, holo.). Erect annual or short-lived perennial, 0.3—1 m tall; branches shortly pubescent. Leaflets 3, lanceolate-ob­ long to elliptic, up to 2 0 -6 5 x 13-25 mm, glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole 1-5 cm long. Racemes rather many-flowered and lax. Calyx 5—7(—8) mm long, appressed pubescent; upper lobes with an excentric tip, lanate along the inner margin. Standard yellow, veined reddish, pubescent outside; keel angular, (7—)9—13(—15) mm long, lanate along the upper margin and with a twisted beak. Pod 10-17 x 5—7(—8) mm, pubescent, c. 10-16-seeded. W oodland and bushland. also on roadsides and culti­ vated ground; up to c. 2000 m. EE. DN, EW', TU, GD , GJ. WG, SU; widespread in tropical Africa. Pappi 2576; G ilbert & Thulin 966; M ooney 8054. 76. C. oocarpa Bak. (1897). Erect or spreading annual or short-lived perennial, up to l( - 2 ) m tall; branches pilose. Leaves mostly with tufts of smaller leaves in the axils; leaflets 3, oblanceolate to obovate, up to 12-25 x 4—10 mm, pilose at least beneath; petiole c. 5 -2 0 mm long. In­ florescences of 2 sorts, term inal several-flowered racemes and g ro u p s of 1-few flowers on short axes from leaf-tufts. Calyx 5 .5 -8 mm long, pilose. Standard yel­ low, veined reddish and densely pubescent outside; keel angular, 10-12 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod 8 -1 6 x 6—9 mm, pilose outside, c. 8—IQ-seeded. Subsp. microcarpa M ilne-Redh. in Kew Bull. 15: 163 (1961). Pod 8 -1 0 mm long, with many of the hairs subappressed. U pland grassland, roadsides and on cultivated ground: c. 2000 m. H U; Kenya, N Tanzania. Robertson 1304. Subsp. oocarpa occurs in S Tanzania, Burundi and Malawi.

77. C. spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. (1843); type: Tigray, Schimper I: 150 (K, lecto., BM, BR, FT, MO, P, UPS, isolecto.). Fig. 40:3. C. minim a Bak. f. (1896); type: D onaldson Smith s.n. (BM, holo.). Iem edir-grahar (Am h.). Bushy annual or short-lived perennial, up to 0.2 -0 .8 m tall; branches pubescent. Leaves mostly clustered on short shoots; leaflets 3, oblanceolate to obtriangular, up to 6 -1 5 x 1.5-4 mm, glabrous above, appressed puberulous beneath; petiole c. 2 -8 mm long. Inflores­ cences from the leaf-clusters, with 1-3 flowers on the spine~t:pped axes, sometimes also 1-2 flowers in the axils. Calyx 2.5 -3 mm long, pubescent. Standard yel­ low, veined reddish, pubescent outside; keel angular, 4—6 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod 7 .5 -9 x 3.5-5 mm, appressed puberulous, c. 6-8-seeded. Deciduous bushland and grassland, waste places, favoured by overgrazing; 1350-2600 m. EW. TU , GD , WU, G J, SU, A R , HU , KF, SD; w idespread in tropical Africa, also Yemen and Socotra. Thulin 1346; M ooney 7533: Friis et al. 2288. 78. C. cephalotes Steud. ex A. Rich. (1847); types: Tigray, Schimper II: 695 (P. syn., BM, FT, K, MO, UPS, isosyn.) & Q uartin Dillon & Petit 598 (P, syn.). Erect annual, 0.1—0.3(—1) m tall, much branched; stem densely hirsute. Leaflets 3, linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, mostly up to 15-30 x 4 -6 mm, but the upper ones often larger, ± appressed pilose on both surfaces; petiole c. 6 -1 5 mm long. Inflorescences ^essile, head-like, many-flowered, crowded at the top of he shoots and surrounded by the larger spreading ieaves. Calyx 3 -4 mm long, densely hairy. Standard ellow and red, medially pubescent outside; keel angu­ lar, 4—5.5 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod sessile, ubglobose, 5—6 mm long, densely pilose, 2-seeded. G rassland and woodland; 1400—2100 m. TU , G D , HU, HU, IL, G G , SD; widespread in tropical Africa, jilbert, Thulin & Aweke 410; Burger 3265; M ooney ^428. 9. C. stenorham pha Harms (1922). Fig. 40:4. Perennial, 15-75 cm tall, with several erect strigulose •terns from a woody rootstock. Leaflets 3, mostly blanceolate, 10-25 X 3 -1 0 mm, appressed puberulous eneath; petiole 5-15 mm long. Racemes ± laxly : 0-40-flow ered. Calyx 4—5.5 mm long, appressed ubescent. Standard yellow, sometim es red-veined, ubescent outside; keel angular, 9 -1 3 mm long, with a iarrow twisted beak. Pod 7-8 x 4 .5 -5 mm, appressed uberulous, 2-4-seeded. G rassland, appearing after burning; 1300-1700 m. VG, IL; S Sudan and westwards to Cam eroun. W. de vilde 10745; M ooney 6812, 6932. 0. C. pseudotenuiram a T orre (1960). E rect annual, 2 0 -9 0 cm tall; stem pubescent. Leaflets .

O pera Boianica 68

1983

3, linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, up to 12-20 x 2 -5 mm, glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole up to 4 -9 mm long. Racemes mostly manv-flowered, fairly dense. Calyx 2.5—3.5 mm long, brownish tom entose. Standard pale yellow, veined brown, brownish tom entellous outside; keel angular, 4 -6 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod sessile, 5 -6 mm long, pubescent, 1—2-seeded. Swampy grassland; 1400-1650 m. TU, G D , SU; widespread in tropical Africa. G ilbert & Thulin 883; Ash 2243; Chiovenda 2610. 81. C. hyssopifolia Klotzsch (1861). A nnual or short-lived perennial, 10-70 cm tall; stem appressed pubescent. Leaflets 3, oblanceolate to obovate, 8 -2 5 x 2—8(—12) mm. appressed pubescent beneath; petiole 2 -1 2 (-1 8 ) mm long. Racemes many-flowered, fairly dense. Calyx 2 -3 .5 mm long, ap­ pressed pubescent. Standard yellow, reddish veined and usually pubescent outside with white hairs; keel angu­ lar. 3 .5 -5 mm long, with a twisted beak. Pod 4 -5 mm long, appressed pubescent, 1-2-seeded. D eciduous woodland, grassland, roadsides; 14 0 0 2000 m. GD, WU, GJ, WG, KF; widespread in tropical Africa. G ilbert & Thulin 829; Friis et al. 2313; PichiSermolli 2231. 82. C. alexandri Bak. f. (1914). Erect annual, up to 10-40 cm tall; stem densely pilose. Leaflets 3, linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblan­ ceolate, up to 8 -1 5 x 1-5 mm, pilose on both surfaces: petiole up to 4 -6 mm long. Racemes sessile, dense and short, with most of the flowers clustered in many of the axils below. Calyx 2 .5 -5 mm long, pilose. Standard pale yellow, reddish veined and pubescent outside; keel an­ gular, 4 .5 -6 mm long, with a straight twisted beak. Pod 4 -5 x 3 -3 .5 mm, pilose, 7 - 1 2-seeded. W oodland, bushland. upland grassland; 1800-1900 m. GG , SD; widespread in eastern tropical Africa. G il­ bert, Thulin & Aweke 398; Vatova 533: M ooney 9990. 83. C. juncea L. (1753). E rect annual, up to 1.6(—3) m tall; stem appressed pubescent. Leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, up to 75-1 5 0 x 14-30 mm, thinly appressed pilose above, more conspicuously so beneath. Racemes lax, 6-20-flow ered. Calyx 16-20 mm long, brownish tom entellous, with longer hairs interspersed; upper lobes 3 -4 times as long as the tube. Standard yellow, with scattered hairs outside; keel subangular, 17-22 mm long, with a long twisted beak. Pod 30-55 x 12-17 mm, tom entose, 6-12-seeded. Deciduous bushland and grassland, or as a weed; c. 1000 m. SU ; native of India but cultivated throughout the tropics for its fibre or as a cover crop and locally naturalized. W. de Wilde 10653. 84. C. paulina Schrank (1822). Erect herb or shrub 177

1.5-3 m tall; glaucous, nearly glabrous: leaves simple, elliptic to obovate, 80 -1 6 0 x 25-6 5 mm, pubescent b eneath; petiole 5 -8 mm long; racemes long, lax, m any-flow ered; calyx 15-20 m m long; 2-lipped; stan­ dard yellow; keel rounded, 16-20 mm long; pod 4 0 -6 0 x 8 -1 0 mm, glabrous, 36-50-seeded. Introduced as green manure. A R : native in Brazil. Coady K 6. Described species of uncertain position

85. C. hypargyrea Chiov. (1929); type: Bale, Mt Lagio, Basile s.n. (TOM , holo., K, fragment). Erect herb. Leaflets 3, lanceolate to linear-lanceol­ ate, glabrous above, densely appressed w hite-pubescent beneath; petiole shorter than the leaflets; stipules small, linear. Racemes long; bracts linear, deflexed. Pod c. 22 mm long, deflexed, cylindrical, spreading pubescent, c. 18-seeded. Only known from the type from BU. W ithout flowers the position of this plant remains unclear, but probably it is near to C. vatkeana, C. plow denii and allied species. 76. Lupinus L. (1753) H erbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves usually digitate; stipules adnate to base of petiole. Flowers in term inal racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, divided almost to the base. Corolla variously coloured; wings connate at apex; keel beaked. Stam ens all joined into a closed tube. Pod dehiscent, com pressed, usually constricted between the seeds. Some 200 species, most num erous in the New World with a second centre around the M editerranean. In Ethiopia, apart from one native and one cultivated species, at least four species have been introduced for trial as forage crops o r green manure, or as ornam entals. 1. U pper lip of calyx divided into 2 lobes for all or most of its length .................................................................. 2 1. U pper lip of calyx almost entire to bifid .............4 2. Corolla yellow ................................ .......... 2. L. luteus 2. Corolla white or blue and white ............................ 3 3. Leaflets oblanceolate-cuneate, pilose above; keel 14-18 mm long; pods 1.5-2 cm across 1. L. princei 3. Leaflets linear, glabrous above; keel up to 12 mm long; pods c. 1 cm across ...........3. L. angostifolius 4. Stem glabrous; pedicels 7—10 mm lo n g ..................... .................................................................. 4. L. mutabilis 4. Stem hairy; pedicels 2 -6 mm long ....................... 5 5. Stem with long spreading hairs; racemes peduncu­ late; seeds up to 6 mm long; standard suborbicular 6 L. mexicanus 5. Stem shortly hairy; racemes mostly sessile; seeds 8 -1 4 mm long; standard elliptic ...........5. L. albus

.................................................... .

1. L. princei Harms (1900). Fig. 41:1. Erect annual or short-lived perennial 30—120 cm tall; stem softly tom entose. Leaflets 7 - 1 1(—13), oblanceol­ 178

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ate-cuneate, (20-)4 0 —70 x (4—)7—10(—14) mm, ap­ pressed pilose on both surfaces; stipules linear-subulate. Racemes 6 -1 5 (-2 0 ) cm long with 6—16(—24) irregularly verticillate flowers. Calyx 15-17 mm long; upper lip deeply divided: lower lip slightly longer, 3-fid. Corolla 15-18 mm long, blue with a white and yellow median zone to the standard, rarely all white. Pod broadly oblong, 6—7.5 x 1.5—2 cm, brownish tom entose. Seeds ( 1—)3—4, 9 -1 0 X 8—9 mm, rough. In upland grassland; c. 1900 m. SD; also in Kenya and Tanzania. G illett 14199; Mooney 9795. Both collections seen from Ethiopia are from Mega and have entirely white flowers. 2. L. luteus L. (1753). Hairy annual 2 5 -8 0 cm tall; leaflets obovate-oblong, 4 0 -6 0 x 8-1 2 mm, sparsely villous; stipules dimorphic, those of the lower leaves c. 8 mm long, subulate, those of the upper leaves 2 2 -3 0 x 2—4 mm, linear-obovate; racemes 5 -1 6 cm long with regularly verticillate flowers; upper lip of calyx 6 -7 mm long, deeply divided, the lower 10 mm long, 3-dentate; corolla 13-16 mm long, bright yellow; pod 4 -5 x 1 cm, densely villous; seeds 4—6, 6—8 x 4.5—6.5 mm, smooth. Introduced for cultivation in A R at interm ediate al­ titudes: native to the W M editerranean Region, widely cultivated for fodder and green manure. 3. L. angustifolius L. (1753). Shortly hairy annual 2 0 -80 cm tall; leaflets linear to linear-spathulate, 10-50 x 2 -5 mm, glabrous above and sparsely villous beneath; stipules linear-subulate; racemes 10-20 cm long with alternate flowers; upper lip of calyx c. 4 mm long, deeply divided, the lower 6 -7 mm long, 3-dentate to subentire; corolla 11-13 mm long, blue; pod shortly hirsute; seeds 4 -6 . ellipsoid, smooth. Introduced for cultivation as a forage crop in A R at interm ediate al­ titudes; native to the M editerranean Region, cultivated elsewhere for forage. 4. I., mutabilis Sweet (1825). Subshrubby herb up to 150 cm tall; stem glabrous; leaflets oblanceolate, up to c. 60 x 14 mm, glabrous above, pubescent and som e­ what glaucous beneath; racemes c. 6 -2 0 cm long; upper lip of calyx slightly bifid or entire; corolla c. 18-20 mm long, white, blue and yellow; pod c. 80 x 16 mm, ap­ pressed pubescent Occasionally cultivated in the high­ lands for its edible seeds o r as an ornam ental. WU, GG, SD; native of S America where it is also used as a fish poison. Kuls 699; Hall 35; Smeds 287 (H). 5. L. albus L. (1753). L. tertnis Forsk. (1775). G ubto (A m h.); gebto, gibto (Am h., Tign.); Egyptian lupin, white lupin (Eng.). Shortly hairy, bushy annual to 120 cm tall; leaflets of lower leaves 2 5-35 x 14-18 mm. obovate, of the upper leaves 4 0 -5 0 x 10-15 mm, obovate-cuneate, nearly glabrous above, sparsely villous beneath; stipules setaceous; racemes 5—10 cm long, flowers alternate: calyx 8—9 mm long, both lips shal-

Fig. 41 — 1: Lupinus princei, a: flowering branch, b: pods, both from Gillett 14199. - 2: Argyrolobium schimperianum, a: flowering branch, b: fruiting branch, both from Ash 1417. - 3: A . confer!um , habit, from Robertson 1303. —4: Adenocarpus mannii, a: flowering branch, b: fruiting branch, both from Gillett 14992. 1, 2: x 0.75, 3, 4: x 1.125.

12*

179

lowly dentate; corolla 15-16 mm long, white to blue; pod 6 0 -1 0 0 x 11-20 mm, shortly villous, glabrescent; seeds 4 -6 , 8—14 mm long, smooth. Cultivated particu­ larly in GJ for fodder and for its edible seeds. The ripe seeds have a bitter taste which is removed by boiling. 1800-3000 m. G D , G J, SU, A R, HU; native to the M editerranean Region, widely cultivated. M eyer 8664; Evans & Lythgoe 3: Ebba 736. 6. L. mexicanus Cerv. ex Lag. (1820). L. ehrenbergii Schlechtend. (1838). Short-lived perenn.al; stem villous with long spreading hairs; leaflets oblanceolate, 15—70 x 3 -1 5 mm, pilose beneath, usually glabrous above; stipules linear-subulate; racemes pedunculate with many ± verticillate flowers; calyx c. 10 mm long, upper lip bifid, the lower entire to minutely 3-fid; corolla 12-15 mm long, mostly blue; pod villous, 3-6-seeded. Locally naturalized in grassland, native to Central A m erica; c. 2000 m. SU. Ash 3029.

77. A rgyrolobium Eckl. & Zeyh. (1836), nom. conserv. Polhill in Kew Bull. 22: 145-168 & FI. Trop. E. Afr. (1971).

H erbs or small shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers in term inal short racem es or subumbelliform, rarely solitary. Calyx deeply 2-lipped; upper lip deeply 2-fid; lower lip shortly 3-lobed. Corolla yellow; keel obtuse. Stamens all united into a usually closed tube. Pod linear-oblong, com pressed, dehiscent. Some 70 species, mostly in South Africa. 1. Valves of the pod continuous over the seeds, or the seeds apparent only as slight swellings; upper calyx-lobes ± lanceolate, broadest above the base 2 1. Valves of the pod transversely constricted between the seeds; upper calyx-lobes subulate, broadest at the base ......................................................................... 3 2. Racem es c. 6-40-flow ered; bushy woody herb or subshrub usually 0.3—2 m tall .............1. A . fischeri 2. Racemes c. 1^4-flow ered; low diffuse herb, pros­ trate to shortly erect with slender s t e m s ................... .....................................................................2. A. rupestre 3. Shrub; stipules united 1-2 mm with petiole; stand­ ard (1 0 -) 12-15 mm long . . . . 3. A . schimperianum 3. Herbs, som etim es ± woody; stipules free or rarely slightly united to base of petiole; standard 5 -1 0 mm long ................................................................................. 4 4. Usually annual with a single often much branched stem; flowers solitary or laxly racemose; leaflets usu­ ally more than 3 times as long as broad ...................................................................6. A. arabicum 4. Perennials, with num erous stems; flowers solitary or subum belliform ; leaflets less than 3 times as long as broad ............................................................................. 5 180

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5. Flowers (1—)3—12(—16), in mostly term inal subum ­ belliform racemes supported on 10-70 mm long peduncles; leaflets up to 8 -2 4 x 4—9 mm, subglabr­ ous or with scattered hairs above, sparsely pilose be­ neath ............................................. A. A. ramosissimum 5. Flowers 1—2(—3), leaf-opposed on a rhachis up to 5(—15) mm long or practically lacking; leaflets c. 3 .5 -1 0 x 3 -5 mm. usually densely pilose on both surfaces ............................................... 5. A. confertum 1. A. fischeri Taub. (1895). Macroloius rivae Harms (1897); A. rivae (Harm s) Cuf. (1969); type: Sidamo, Coromma, Riva 638 (B, holo. f, FT, iso.). Bushy woody herb or subshrub, up to 0.3 -2 m tall, densely hairy. Leaflets mostly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, up to 2 0 -6 0 x 9 -2 6 mm, thinly to very densely covered with appressed or ± spreading hairs on both surfaces; petioles mostly 6 -2 0 (-4 0 ) mm long. Racemes usually subumbelliform, c. 6 -4 0 -flowered. Calyx 10—12 mm long. Corolla 10—13 mm long, bright yellow, becoming orange or reddish flushed with age. Pod (2 0 -)3 0 -5 0 x 5-7 mm, densely silky pubescent or spreading pilose, c. 12-18-seeded. Margins and clearings of upland forest, upland bush­ land and grassland, stream sides; 1600-2400 m. WG, SU, BU. HU, IL, KF, G G, SD. Mooney 6849; G illett 14556; G ilbert & Thulin 391. 2. A. rupestre (E. Mey.) Walp. (1839). Perennial with numerous slender, prostrate, strag­ gling and ascending or shortly erect stems, sparsely to densely pilose. Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic or obovate-elliptic, up to 10-34 x 5-1 4 mm, sparsely pilose to silky tom entose at least beneath; petiole up to 4—20 mm long. Racemes subumbelliform on 1—6(—9) cm long peduncles, c. 1-4-flowered. Flowers often cleistogamous. Calyx 5 -8 mm long. Corolla 9 -1 3 mm long, bright yellow. Pod 1 8 -3 0 (-4 5 ) x 3 .5 -5 mm, sparsely pilose to densely pubescent, c. 8-14-seeded. 1. Stems closely and rather densely appressed pubes­ cent, straggling or weakly ascending, mostly up to 2 0 -5 0 cm long; petioles c. 8 -1 6 (-2 0 ) mm long I ................................................................ subsp. remotum 1. Stems spreading or sparsely subappressed pilose, mostly shorter and prostrate; petioles c. 4 -6 (-1 0 ) mm long ...................................... subsp. aberdaricum Subsp. rem otum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Polhill in Kew Bull. 22: 159 (1968); A . remotum Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1847); type; Simien, Mt A ber, Schimper II: 1324 (P, holo., BM, iso.). A. virgatum Bak. (1871); type: Tigray, Schimper 570 (K, holo., BM, iso.). Upland grassland and moor; 2 0 0 0 -2 7 0 0 m. EW, TU, G D , GJ, SU, A R ; N Somalia, Yemen. Pappi 4722; Thulin 1393; G ilbert & A w eke 3102.

Subsp. aberdaricum (Harm s) Polhill in Kew Bull. 22: 159 (1968). U pland grassland and moor; 2300—3400 m. SU, A R, BU, HU, SD; in E tropical Africa southw ards to Malawi. Mooney 6462; Burger 1914: Thulin 1462. Sub"p. rupestre is distributed from E Zim babw e to the SE Cape Province and subsp. kUimandscharicutn (Taub ) Polhill in E tropical Africa from S Sudan to N Tanzania. 3. A. schimperianum Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1847); type: Simien. Mt Buahit, Schimper II: 990 (P, lecto., BM, K, isolecto.). Fig. 41:2. A. petitianum A. Rich. (1847); type: Tigray. Petit 39 (P, ho!o., K, iso.). Shrub; stem with ferruginous or silvery pubescence. Leaflets narrowly elliptic to obovate, up to 10-35 x 7-1 3 nm, appressed pubescent or pilose at least be­ neath: petiole up to 3—20 mm long. Racemes subumbelliform, ± pedunculate, 2—10(—2())-flowered. Calyx 8 -1 0 mm long. Corolla (1 0 -) 12-15 mm long, yellow. Pod c. 30 x 5 mm, with the valves transversely con­ stricted between the seeds, densely pilose, c. 6-seeded. U pland bushland and grassland; 2 100-3500 m. TU , G D , G J, SU; not known elsewhere, previous records from Sudan being erroneous (Polhill 1968). Schimper II: 1326; Pichi-Sermolli 2693; G ilbert & Tewolde 3288. The type of A. petitianum has smaller leaflets, shorter and more few-flowered racemes and is less hairy than other material of the species. It is also the only specimen known from Tigray. Probably it is no more than a form growing in exceptionally exposed places. 4. A. ramosissimum Bak. (1871); type: G onder, D ebra Tabor, Schimper 1283 (K, holo.. BM, iso.). A. dorycnoides Bak. (1871); type: G onder, Mt G una, Schimper 1285 (K, lecto., BM, isolecto.). Perennial with num erous often rather woody spreading or ascending stems, 10-70 cm tall; stems rather thinly spreading pilose. Leaflets oblanceolate to obovate, up to 8 -2 4 x 4 -9 mm, glabrous or with scat­ tered hairs above, ± sparsely pilose beneath; petiole c. 2 -4 mm long. Racem es subumbelliform on 10-70 mm long peduncles, (1—)3-1 2(-16)-flow ered. Calyx 6—10 mm long. Corolla 7 -1 0 mm long, yellow. Pod 13-28 x 4—5 n m , with the valves transversely constricted be­ tween the seeds, spreading pilose, c. 8-10-seeded. U pland grassland and bushland, forest margins; 20 0 0 -3 5 5 0 m. G D , GJ, WG, SU, A R, HU, IL, KF; W Kenya. M ooney 6274; Evans 347; Thulin 1363. 5. A. confertum Polhill (1968). Fig. 41:3. A. uniflorum sensu Cuf. Enum .: 243 (1955) non (D ecne.) Jaub. & Spach. Perennial with num erous procum bent or ascending stems. 10—15(—35) cm long; stems densely silvery to­ mentose. Leaflets elliptic-obovate to obovate, up to

5 -1 0 x 3 -5 mm, usually densely silvery pilose; petiole 1—3(—4) mm long. Flowers 1—2(—3), leaf-opposed on a rhachis up to 5(—15) mm long or practically lacking. Calyx 6—8 mm long. Corolla 7—8 mm long, yellow. Pod up to 2 0 -2 4 x 3—3.5 mm, with the valves transversely constricted between the seeds, pilose, 7-9-seeded. W oodland, bushland, rocky grassland or hillsides, waste ground; 1200-2600 m. EW , TU , G D , SU, AR, HU: N Somalia. Pappi 5768; M ooney 8108; Thulin 1463. 6. A. arabicum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach (1843); Cytisus arabicus Decne. (1835). A. abyssinicum Jaub. & Spach (1843); type: Tigray, Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P. holo.). A. abyssinicum forma caespitosum Lanza in Boll. O rto Bot. Giard. Colon. Palerm o 8: 96 (1909); A. abyssinicum var. caespitosum (Lanza) Fiori in Nouvo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 451 (1912); types: Eritrea, Senni 164 & 165 (PA L, syn., not seen). A. abyssinicum forma diffusum Lanza, loc. cit. (1 9 0 9 );/L abyssinicum war. diffusum (Lanza) Fiori, loc. cit. (1912); type: Eritrea, Senni 166 (PAL, holo., not seen). Annual or rarely short-lived perennial up to 50 cm high, spreading and ascending. Leaflets linear-lanceol­ ate to elliptic, 10-25 x 2 -8 mm, silvery strigose at least beneath; petioles up to 10—15 mm long. Flowers yellow, solitary or laxly racemose. Calyx 6 -7 mm long, about as long as the corolla. Pod up to 3 0 -4 0 x 3.5—4 mm, with the valves transversely constricted between the seeds, silvery strigose, 9 - 1 2-seeded. Rocky places, hillsides; 85 0 -2 7 0 0 m. EE. EW, TU, GD , WU, SU; westwards to Tchad (Tibesti) and in A rabia. Pappi 3512; G ilbert & Thulin 985; G ilbert & Aweke 2812.

78. A denocarpus DC. (1815) M uch-branched hairy shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-foliol­ ate. Flowers in term inal racemes. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip deeply 2-fid; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens all united into a closed tube. Pod linear-oblong, com pressed, d e­ hiscent, glandular-tuberculate. Some 15 species, mainly around the M editerranean, one in tropical Africa. A. inannii (Hook, f) Hook. f. (1864). Fig. 41:4. Shrub, up to 4.5 m high; stems much branched, d en ­ sely pilose. Leaves clustered on short shoots, shortly petiolate; leaflets oblanceolate-elliptic, up to 8 (—12) mm long, densely pilose beneath, sparsely so above. Inflorescence dense, 6-20-flow ered. Calyx with upper lip c. 6 mm long, lower lip c. 8 mm long, with narrowly linear lobes. Corolla yellow, c. 8 mm long. Pod 18-25 x 6 -7 mm, straight with a short downward pointing beak, rough with projecting glands. 181

Upland grassland and scrub, forest margins; 2 9 0 0 3300 m. SU, KF, SD; widespread in tropical Africa. G illett 14992; G ilbert & Tew olde 3291; Thom erson 578.

long-pedunculate heads; corolla 15-20 mm long, blue-violet; pod ovoid, compressed, with a falcate beak up to 15 mm long. Introduced in EW and apparently locally naturalized; native in the M editerranean Region. Pappi 73, 125.

79. Spartium L. (1753)

/

Shrub. Leaves 1-foliolate, caducous. Flowers in lax, term inal racemes. Calyx spathe-like. split above, ir­ regularly unilabiate, with 5 short lobes. Corolla yellow. Stamens all united into a tube. Pod linear-oblong, d e­ hiscent. Monotypic.

81 Lotus L. (1753)

H erbs or shrubs, gland-dotted. Leaves 3-foliolate or rarely im paripinnate or 1-foliolate. Calyx usually campanulate, the lobes equal or somewhat unequal. Corolla glabrous, not persistent after flowering, bluish. Pod, small, indehiscent, 1-seeded. A heterogeneous group of some 120 species som e­ times split into segregate genera, most num erous in South Africa. According to the generic classification proposed by Stirton in Adv. Leg. Syst.: 337—343 (1981) P. plicata belongs to Cullen Medik. and P. bituminosa to Biturninaria Heist, ex Fabr.

I . Corolla yellow with red markings ......................... 2 1. Corolla rose, cream or white .................................. 3 2. Plant practicalh glabrous; rootstock w o o d y ............. [ ..........................I ..................................... 1. L. schoelleri 2. Plant pilose at least on peduncles and young shoots; rootstock ± herbaceous ............... 2. L. corniculatus 3. Ovary and pod pubescent .............9. L. hebecarpus 3. Ovary and pod glabrous ........................................... 4 4. Perennials growing above 1200 m altitude ......... 5 4. Annuals mostly growing below 1000 m altitude 7 5. Calyx-lobes less than 1.3 times as long as the tube | ..........................L........................................3. L. discolor 5. Calvx-lobes more than 1.3 times as long as the tube

Brand in Bot. Jahrb. 25: 165-232 (1898); Gillett in Kew Bull.

13: 361-381 (1958) & FI. Trop. E. Afr. (1971).

Herbs or softly woody shrublets. Leaves im paripinnate, (3-)5-foliolate. the lowest pair resembling stipules; stipules minute. Flowers in pedunculate heads or um­ S. junceum L. (1753). Spanish broom (Eng.). Stems bels, or rarely solitary. Calyx subequally 5-toothed or glabrous, up to at least 3 m tall; leaves sparse, o b ­ rarely 2-Iipped. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. long-linear, 10-30 x 2 -5 mm, appressed pubescent be­ Pod straight, usually cylindrical, dehiscent, manyneath; corolla 20-25 mm long; pod flat, 4 0 -8 0 x 5—7 seeded. mm, sericeous, becoming glabrous, 1 0 -l8 -seed ed . Cul­ Old World genus of 50 -1 00 species, most numerous tivated for its fibers and as an ornam ental, in Ethiopia at around the M editerranean. least in SU, AR and H U ; native in the M editerranean The Ethiopian record of L. nubicus Hochst. ex Bak. Region. Smeds 746 (FT); Senni 1428; IEC A M A B-27. in Cuf. Enum.: 259 (1955) is based on Rosen s.n. (WRSL) from Gojjam which is instead Argyrolobium rupestre subsp. remotum. 80. Psoralea L. (1753)

1. Flowers in lax racem es; corolla 4 -5 mm long; leaf­ lets undulate-plicate; pod not beaked . 1. P. plicata 1. Flowers in dense heads; corolla 15-20 mm long; leaflets entire: pod with a long b e a k .......................... .............................................................. 2 P. bituminosa 1. P. plicata Del. (1813). Fig. 45:1. Bushy plant up to 1 m high, grey pubescent, weakly spiny. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets oblan­ ceolate or oblong, up to 25 x 10 mm, the term inal the largest: margin repand to undulate or plicate. Racemes stout, axillary, lax, up to c. 30-flowered. Calyx strongly nerved. Corolla 4—5 mm long, white or white and purple. Pod ellipsoid, about as long as the calyx, not beaked, pubescent. Sandy or silty often saline ground at low altitudes. H O ; Somalia, Sudan and west to Senegal, also in India. Glover & Gilliland 300. 2. P. bitum inosa L. (1753). Bushy plant up to 1 m high, pubescent, smelling of tar; leaflets 3, en:tre; flowers in 182

........................... I ................................................................ 6

6. Style 3 .3 -4 mm long; ovules c. 17; pod less than 3 times as long as calyx; peduncle shorter or longer than subtending leaf ........................... 4. L. quinatus 6. Style 4—5.5 mm long;ovules c.30; pod more than 3 times as long ascalyx;peduncle longer than sub­ tending leaf ... 5. L. lalambensis 7. Peduncle much shorter than subtending leaf; style c. 1.5 mm long .........................................8. L. schimperi 7. Peduncle up to about twice as long as subtending leaf: style 3 -5 .5 mm long ......................................... 8 8. Basal leaflets much wider at the base than the distal leaflets; calyx-lobes about as long as the tube: pod torulose ................................................. 7. L. torulosus 8. Basal leaflets of much the same shape as the distal ones; calyx-lobes m arkedly longer than the tube; pods not o r scarcely torulose .................................. 9 9. Leaflets ± oblanceolate; leaf-rhachis usually not prolonged beyond the lateral le a fle ts.......................... 1 ........................................... 5. L. lalambensis

Fig. 42. - 1: Lotus schoelleri, habit, from Mooney 5007. — 2: L. quinatus var. brachycarpus, a: flowering branch, b: fruiting branch, from Schweinfurth 226. - 3: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. abyssinica, habit, from Hagos 178. - 4: Vermifrux abyssinica, a: habit, from M ooney 8030, b: pods, from Pappi 16. 1. 2 and 4a: x 1.125, 3: x 0.75, 4b: X 2.25.

9. Leaflets cuneate-obovate; leaf-rhachis usually pro­ longed 0.5—1.5 mm beyond the lateral leaflets .....................................................................6. L. arabicus 1. L. schoelleri Schweinf. (1896); L. corniculatus L. var. schoelleri (Schweinf.) Lanza in Boll. R. O rto Bot. Palerm o 8: 99 (1909); type: E ritrea, Schweinfurth 322 (B. holo. t , K, iso.). Fig. 42:1. L. mearnsii D e Wild. (1925), nom. illegit., non B rit­ ton (1890). L. corniculatus var. eremanthus Chiov., Racc. Bot. Miss. Consol. Kenya: 29 (1935). Perennial herb with ± woody rootstock and erect or straggling stem s up to 60 cm long, but usually much smaller, whole plant practically glabrous except for a few hairs on the edge of the calyx and the petiolules. Leaves very variable in size: rhachis up to c. 6 mm long; term inal leaflet up to c. 14 x 7 mm, cuneate-obovate, rounded at the apex; lateral and basal leaflets somewhat smaller, asymmetric. Umbel 1—2(-3)-flow ered; pedun­ cle up to 5 0 (-7 0 ) mm long. Calyx-lobes up to 3 mm long, equalling o r som ewhat longer than tube. Corolla yellow, c. 9 mm long. Pod up to 30 x 4 mm, c. 15—21-seeded. U pland grassland, dam p places; 2000-3000 m. EW, TU , G D , WU, G J, SU, A R. H U ; Sudan. Kenya. Thulin 1575; Mooney 6402, 8102/A . L. schoelleri is a diploid and therefore, according to current taxonom y of the group, should be treated as specifically distinct from the closely related, tetraploid L. corniculatus s. str. 2. L. corniculatus L. (1753). Perennial herb with ± herbaceous stoloniferous rootstock and erect or ascending stems up to at least 60 cm long, ± pilose at least on the young shoots. Leafrhachis up to 10 mm long; term inal leaflet up to c. 20 x 10 mm, cuneate-obovate, rounded at the apex; lateral and basal leaflets somewhat smaller, asymmetric. U m ­ bel l-3 (^ l)-flo w e re d ; peduncle up to 5 0 (-9 0 ) mm long, weakly pilose. Calyx-lobes 3 -5 mm long, pilose, longer than tube. Corolla yellow, 9 -1 0 mm long. Pod up to 40 x 3 mm, c. 20-25-seeded. Marshy places in grassland; 1900—2400 m. EW , TU, H U ; Europe, tem perate Asia. Burger 2039; Mooney 8102/B ; A w eke & G ilbert 758. The m aterial placed here was by G illett (1958) con­ sidered to be partly L. palustris Willd. (= L. lamprocarpus Boiss.) and partly L. corniculatus L. subsp. major (Scop.) G am s (= L. uliginosus Schkuhr). In my opinion there is only one taxon in Ethiopia, but the plants can­ not readily be assigned to any of the two European species m entioned. Progeny of Berhe 8, from c. 15 km NW of H arer, has been cultivated in Uppsala and was found to be tetraploid (2n = 24). This num ber agrees with that of L. corniculatus and the Ethiopian plants are probably best referred to this variable species. The d e­ scription only applies to the E thiopian m aterial, however. 184

3. L. discolor E. Mey. (1836). L. tigrensis Bak. (1871); type: G onder, 1863, Schimper s.n. (K, holo., BM, ? iso.). L. goetzei Harms (1901). Perennial often bushy herb from a woody rootstock, appressed o r spreading pubescent. Leaf-rhachis c. 2-12 mm long; leaflets very variable in size and shape, cuneate-ovate to oblanceolate, ± pubescent. Umbels 2—9-flow ered; peduncle 0.5—8 cm long. Calyx pubes­ cent; lobes less than 1.3 times as long as the tube. Corolla white with pink markings, c. 8-15 mm long. Pod c. 2.5 cm long, c. 25-ovulate, glabrous. U pland grassland, scrub or forest edges; 2000—4000 m. G D . W U, SU, A R, BU, H U , KF, G G , SD; w ide­ spread in tropical and southern Africa. Thulin 1655; M ooney 6975; Friis et al. 1404. L. discolor is here taken in a broad sense. Gillett (1958 and 1971) assigned some Ethiopian m aterial to L. goetzei and also recognized several other closely re­ lated species in eastern Africa. I prefer to treat all Ethiopian forms as a single variable species as all the distinguishing characters seem to break down in this area. H ere is also included L. sp. ? new A ' sensu Gillett (1958) from GG . The plants from HU have a charac­ teristic, very dense short greyish indum entum of spreading hairs. 4. L. quinatus (Forsk.) G illett (1958). Prostrate perennial, up to 50 cm long, appressed or spreading pubescent. Leaf-rhachis up to 4 mm long; leaflets 3 -5 , ± oblanceolate, up to 25 x 7 mm, the basal pair sim ilar to the others. Umbels 2-6-flow ered; peduncle sh o rter or longer than subtending leaf. Calyx-lobes more than 1.3 times as long as the tube. Corolla white ± flushed pink, 7 -8 mm long. Ovules c. 17; style 3.3—4 mm long. Pod up to c. 20 x 2 mm, less than 3 tim es as long as calyx, glabrous. Var. brachycarpus (Hochst. & Steud. ex A. Rich.) G il­ lett in Kew Bull. 13: 373 (1958); L. brachycarpus Hochst. & Steud. e \ A. Rich. (1847); types: Tigray, Schimper I: 242 (P. syn., BM, K, isosyn.) & Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P, several syn.). Fig. 42:2. L. m ontanus A. Rich. (1847); L. nubicus Hochst. ex Bak. var. m ontanus (A. Rich.) Bak. in FI. Trop. Afr. 2: 62 (1871); L. brachycarpus var. m ontanus (A. Rich.) Cuf., Cuf. E num .: 257 (1955) & Zw eiter Nachtrag: 24 (1969), nom. invalid ; type: Tigray, Petit s.n. (P, holo.). Dorycnium schimperi Jaub. & Spach (1856); type: Schimper 19 (P, holo.). H am at-jem anbern (Tign.). Pubescence ± spreading. Leaf-rhachis 1-4 mm long. Bract usually 1-foliolate. Peduncle often longer than subtending leaf. I G rassland, roadsides, old cultivations; (1 3 5 0 -) 190(1-3000 m. EW. TU, G D , SU, H U ; not known elsewhere. Var. quinatus occurs in Yemen and N Somalia, a record from SD (G illett, loc. cit.), was based

on Riva 172 which is L. discolor. G ilbert & Aweke 2849; Schw einfurth 226; Robertson 1219. 5. L. Ijlumbcnsis Schweinf. (1896); E ritrea, Schwein­ furth 861 & 1520 (B, syn. +). L. arabicus L. var. glabrescens Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, app. 2: 234 (1896); types: Eritrea, Schweinfurth 323 (B, syn. f, K, isosyn.), 707 & 1498 (both B, syn. f ) & Schweinfurth & Riva 1849 (B, syn. t , K, isosyn.). L. hebranicus Hochst. ex Brand (1898) pro parte; types rom A rabia, Egypt and Eritrea: Schweinfurth 323 (B, syn., K, isosyn.). ? L. brachycarpus var. major Brand in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 25: 222 (1898); type: N Ethiopia, Schimper 251 (B, holo. t)Prostrate herb up to 50 cm long, annual or short-lived perennial, ± spreading pubescent. Leaf-rhachis 2 -5 mm long; leaflets 5, ± oblanceolate, up to 25 x 7 mm, the basal pair similar to the others. Umbels 3-7-flow ered; peduncle longer than subtending leaf. Calyx-lobes more than 1.3 tim es as long as the tube. Corolla white ± flushed pink, 7—11 mm long. Ovules c. 30; style 4—5.5 mm long. Pod up to 23 x 2 mm, more than 3 times as long as calyx, glabrous. G rassland, cultivations; 1200—2000 m. EW , HU; probably also in Djibouti. Colville 76; Schweinfurth & Riva 1849; Bally 11640. 6. L. arabicus L. (1767). A nnual, spreading or erect herb, up to 60 cm tall, pilose throughout. Leaf-rhachis 2 -8 mm long; leaflets 5, cuneate-obovate, up to 2 0 (-3 0 ) x 12(—16) mm, the basal pair similar to the others. Umbel 1-5-flow ered; peduncle up to 4 cm long. Calyx-tube c. 3.5 mm long; lobes linear c. 7 mm long. Corolla pink, c. 8 -9 mm long. Style c. 4 mm long. Pod 20—35 x c. 3.5 mm, subtorulose, c. 12—18-seeded. River banks at ± low altitude. EE , ?TU ; westwards to Senegal, S tropical Africa, and in Arabia. Q uartin Dillon & Petit s.n.; Pappi 8704, 8819. 7. L. torulosus (Chiov.) Fiori (1912); L. arabicus L. var. torulosus Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 86 (1903); types: E ritrea, Pappi 39, 64, 1725, 4127, Scotti s.n. (all FT, syn.). IL. brachycarpus var. cuscutae Schweinf. in Bull. H erb. Boiss. 4, A pp. 2: 233 (1896); type: Eritrea, Schweinfurth 2034 (B, holo. f). Procum bent annual up to 40 cm long, pilose. Leaf-rhachis 2 -1 0 mm long; leaflets ± cuneate-obovate, up to 16 x 9 mm, the basal pair much wider at the base than the others. Umbel 2-5-flow ered; peduncle up to 4 cm long. Calyx-tube c. 3 mm long; lobes 3 -4 mm long. Corolla pink, 7 -8 mm long. Style 4 -5 mm long. Pod un to 3 0 -5 0 x 2 mm, torulose, glabrous. Sandy or gravelly places, cultivations; up to c. 1000 m. E E , ?EW ; N Sudan. Bally 6834; Pappi 2873, 4800.

L. brachycarpus var. cuscutae was placed with a question mark as a synonym of L. lalambensis by Gillett (1958). As the pods were described as torulose and 2 -3 cm long it is m ore likely L. torulosus although the type was collected at 1400 m altitude. 8. L. schimperi Steud. ex Boiss. (1872). L. glinoides sensu Cuf. Enum .: 258 (1955). non Del. Small, prostrate annual, sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs. Leaf-rhachis 1-5 mm long; leaflets cuneate-obovate, up to 10 x 5 mm. Umbel (1 -) 2—1( -6 ) -flowered, sessile or subsessile, shorter than the subtending leaf. Calyx-tube 1.5-2 mm long; lobes 1.5-2 mm long. C orolla pinkish, c. 4 mm long. Style c. 1.5 mm long. Pod c. 7—9(—11) x 2 mm. glabrous, c. 6—8-seeded. Coastal plains. E E ; Sudan, Egypt, Socotra, A rabia and E to Pakistan. Terracciano 691. 9. L. hebecarpus Gillett (1958). Annual or som etim es perennial herb; stems procum ­ bent, up to 40 cm long, pilose. Leaf-rhachis 1—4 mm long; basal leaflets asymmetrically ovate, apical leaflet oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, pilose. Umbels 1—3(-5)-flow ered; peduncle 3 -1 8 mm long. Calyx-lobes linear-acum inate, c. 4.5 mm long. Corolla red or white and red, c. 10 mm long. Pod up to 24 x 2 mm, pilose, c. 30-ovulate. On rocky o r sandy ground; 0 -6 0 m. E E ; Sudan, Djibouti. Bally 6887; Hemming 1156.

82. Anthyllis L. (1753) H erbs or shrubs. Leaves usually im paripinnate. Flowers usually in dense heads. Pod frequently indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, usually completely included within the persistent calyx. Some 20 species, mainly in the M editerranean Re­ gion. A. vulneraria L. (1753). A nnual or perennial. Lower leaves with a much larger terminal leaflet. Heads many-flowered, subtended by 2 palmatisect bracts. Calyx inflated at anthesis, con­ stricted at the apex, with 5 unequal teeth and the mouth oblique. Corolla variously coloured. Pod l(-2 )-seed ed . Subsp. abyssinica (Sag.) Cullen in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 35: 13 (1976); A abyssinica (Sag.) Beck, in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27, 2: 273 (1910); type: Tigray, Schimper 616 (W U, holo., K, iso.). Fig. 42:3. Plant robust, often 20 cm or more high. Stem in­ dum entum in upper part of plant usually appressed, sericeous. Leaves confined to the lower part of the flowering stem , with conspicuously long-ciliate m ar­ gins. Corolla purple. Rocky ground; c. 250 0 -3 0 0 0 m. EW , TU, W U; not known elsewhere. Hagos 178; Petit s.n.; Pappi 3112. 185

83. Vermifrux Gillett (1966) Perennial herb. Leaves im paripinnate, subsessile. Flow­ ers small in axillary heads. Pod falcate, indehiscent. 2-seeded with an imperfect dissipiment between the seeds. Monotypic. V. abyssinica (A. Rich.) G illett (1966); Helmintocarpon abyssinicum A. Rich (1847); type: Tigray, Schimper II: 1108 (P, lecto., BM. K. isolecto.). Fig. 42:4. Fosi-korzet (Tign.). Stems usually numerous, ± procum bent, up to 40 cm long, pubescent. Leaflets 5 -9 , oblanceolate, up to 12 x 4 mm, pubescent. H eads 4-6-flow ered. short-pedun­ culate. Corolla yellowish-red, about twice as long as calyx. Pod c. 4 mm across, the point nearly or quite brought round to the base, transversely veined. Upland grassland and bushland; 1500-3050 m. EW, TU , G D , W U , SU, A R, H U ; Sudan, N Somalia. Yemen. G ilbert & Thulin 1011; Burger 1179; Mooney 8030.

84. Coronilla L. (1753) A nnual or perennial herbs or dwarf shrubs. Leaves im­ paripinnate, rarely simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers in axillary heads. Calyx-lobes subequal. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Pod jointed. Some 20 species mainly in the M editerranean Re­ gion. C. scorpioides (L.) Koch (1835). A nnual up to 40 cm tall; leaves simple or 3-foliolate; term inal leaflet elliptic to suborbicular, up to 40 mm long, much larger than the lateral leaflets; heads 2-5-flow ered; corolla yellow, 4 -8 mm long; pod 2 0 -6 0 mm long, curved, angular, with 2-11 segments. W eed; c. 2450 m. EW ; widely spread in the M editerranean Region and in W' Asia. De Benedictis 297.

85. Antopetitia A. Rich. (1840) A nnual herb. Leaves im paripinnate; stipules reduced to glands. Flowers in axillary pedunculate umbels. Calyxlobes subequal. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Pod of spherical 1-seeded segments each splitting into 2 valves which separate from the persistent upper suture. Monotypic. A. abyssinica A. Rich. (1840); type: Tigray, Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P, holo.). Fig. 43:1. Ornithopus coriandrinus Hochst. & Steud. ex Field & G ardn. (1844); type: Tigray, Schimper 113 (OXF, holo., BM, K, iso.). A bakhe-beita, ta-ta-ta (Tign.). 186

Leaflets 5 -1 1 , alternate or subopposite, linear-lan­ ceolate, 4—20 x 0 .4 -4 mm, glabrous above. Umbels 2-8-flow ered. Corolla yellow, c. 4 mm long. Pod 2 -5 seeded, the segments 2 -2 .5 mm in diam eter. Upland grassland; 1600-2900 m. EW, TU, G J, WG, SU. AR. H U , IL, KF. G G , SD: widespread in tropical Africa. Thulin 1499; M ooney 6141; W. de Wilde 8397.

86. Scorpiurus L. (1753) Annuals. Leaves simple with 3 -5 parallel veins; stipules free, linear. Flowers solitary or in axillary heads. Calyxlobes 5, equal. Corolla yellow or purplish. U pper fila­ ment free, the other 9 united. Pod curved or variously contorted, longitudinally ridged, usually with spines or tubercles. Small genus around the M editerranean and E to Caucasus. S.

muricatus L. (1753). Fig. 43:2. Erw e (Tign.). Stems up to 80 cm long, glabrous or pubescent. Heads (l-)2 -5 -flo w e re d . Corolla 5—10(—12) mm long, yellow. Pod smooth (not in E thiopia) or with tubercles or spines on the outer ridges. G rassland, roadsides, or as a weed in cultivations; 1500-3200 m. EW, TU , G D , WU, SU, A R. KF; as the genus. Pappi 4362: Thulin 1616; Ash 130.

87. Hedysarum L. (1753) Annual o r perennial herbs, rarely shrublets. Leaves im­ paripinnate. Flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx-lobes subequal. Standard and usually also keel longer than the wings. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Pod ± flattened, breaking transversely into up to 8 indehiscent 1-seeded segments. A bout 100 species in Europe, N Africa. Asia and N America. H. coronarium L. (1753). Perennial, sparsely pubes­ cent: leaflets 7 -1 1 , elliptic to obovate-orbicular, pubes­ cent beneath; racemes 10-35-flow ered, dense; corolla 12-15 mm long, reddish-purple; pod with 2—4 seg­ ments, spinulose, glabrous. G rassland; c. 2 0 0 0-2500 m. EW ; native of the M editerranean Region, cultivated for fodder and perhaps locally naturalized in Eritrea. Pappi 154,367.

88. Taverniera DC. (1825) Shrubs or shrublets. Leaves 1-foliate or digitately to pinnately 3-folilate: leaflets usually rather thick. Flow­ ers in axillary racemes or solitary; corolla marcescent. Standard and keel longer than the wings. Pod flattened.

Fig. 43. - 1: A ntopetitia abyssinica, a: habit, from W. de Wilde 8397, b: pods, from Berhe 2 6 . - 2 : Scorpiurus muricatus, a: habit, from Hansson 395, b: pods, from M eyer 7575. - 3: Taverniera abyssinica, flowering and fruiting branch, from H arlan s.n. - 4: Galega somalensis, a: habit, b: fruiting raceme, both from Gillett 14884. 1, 2b and 3: x 1.125, 2a and 3: x 0.75.

187

breaking transversely into 1-5 indehiscent 1-seeded segments. Small genus of arid regions from Egypt to India. 1. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate ........... 4. 7. lappacea 1. Leaves l-foliolate, som etim es with some pinnately 3-foliolate ones present as well .............................. 2 2. Leaflets appressed pubescent on both sides; inflores­ cences very short with the rhachis obsolete, subses­ sile or with peduncle up to c. 2.5 mm long ................................................................. 3. 7. aegyptiaca 2. Leaflets glabrous above; inflorescences ± elongated with a distinct rhachis, peduncle usually more than 2.5 mm long .................................................................. 3 3. Calyx pubescent outside; leaflets usually about twice as long as broad ................................ 1 .7 . abyssinica 3. Calyx glabrous outside; leaflets about 1.5 tim es as long as broad ....................................... 2. 7. schimperi

1. T. abyssinica A. Rich. (1847); type: T igray, Petit s.n. (P, holo.). Fig. 43:3. Shrub or shrublet up to c. 2 m high; young stems rather densely appressed pubescent. Leaves l-foliolate, very rarely pinnately 3-foliolate ones present as well; leaflets obovate-oblong, up to 2 0 (-2 3 ) x 10(—13) mm. glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole l- 6 ( - 8 ) mm long. Racem es 2 - 8 - flowered; rhachis and peduncle together c. 3 -2 5 mm long. Calyx 5 -7.5 mm long, appressed pubescent outside; lobes equalling or longer than tube. Corolla 11-17 mm long, dark pink to purplish red. Pod with 1-3 segments, stipitate; segments c. 5 .5 -6 x 4 .5 -5 mm, finely pubescent and with spines up to c. 1.2 mm long. Bushland, also on lim estone; c. 1700-2150 m. TU, SU; not known elsewhere. J. De Wilde 6991; Negri 720; A dom e s.n.

3. T. aegyptiaca Boiss. (1849). Shrublet up to c. 1 m high; young stems densely ap­ pressed pubescent. Leaves l-foliolate; leaflets obovate to o b co rd ate, up to 4 -1 0 x 4 -1 0 mm, appressed pubes­ cent on both sides; petiole 0 .5 -5 .5 mm long. Racemes 1-4-flow ered, very short with the rhachis obsolete; peduncle up to c. 2.5 mm long. Calyx 4 -5 .5 mm long, appressed pubescent outside; lobes longer than tube. Corolla 9.5 -1 1 mm long, pink or purple. Pod with 2 -5 segments, stipitate; segments c. 5 -6 x 4 .5 -5 mm, pubescent and spiny. Sandy, often seasonally flooded, saline ground near sea level. E E ; along Red Sea coast northw ards to the G ulf of Suez. Hemming 1186. 4. T. lappacea (Forsk.) DC. (1825). 7. stefaninii Chiov. (1929). Small shrub or woody herb up to c. 1 m high, densely woolly pubescent throughout. Leaves digitately 3foliolate; leaflets obovate to obcordate, up to 3 -1 2 x 3 -1 2 mm; petiole 0 .5 -5 mm long. Racemes 1-4flowered, very short with the rhachis obsolete; peduncle 0 .5 -6 mm long. Calyx c. 3 .5 -4 mm long; lobes longer than tube. Corolla 5 -6 .5 mm, yellowish, pink or purple. Pod with ( l - ) 2 segments, practically sessile; segments 6 -1 0 x 6 - 8 mm, woolly pubescent and with hairy spines up to 1-4 mm long. Coastal plains and sem ideserts on sandy or gravelly, often seasonally flooded, saline ground. E E ; along the coasts of the Red Sea and the G ulf of A den, also Oman and Pakistan. Hemming 1187.

89.

Onobrychis Mill. (1754)

A nnual or perennial herbs, or shrublets. Leaves im­ paripinnate. Flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx-lobes subequal. Standard and keel much longer than the wings. Pod indehiscent, ± orbicular and com pressed, with a distinct, usually toothed margin, 1-3-seeded. Some 100 species, mainly in the M editerranean R e­ gion and W Asia.

2. T. schimperi Jaub. & Spach (1856); type: Tekezze R., G urrsarfa, Schimper 1489 (P, holo., MO, W, WU, iso.). 7. floribunda Schweinf. (1867); type: Tekezze R.. G urrsarfa, Schim per 2329 (B, holo. t , K, P, W, iso.). 1. Stem sparsely pubescent; leaflets 12-28: pod Shrub or shrublet up to c. 2 m high; young stems toothed at the margin, otherw ise smooth ................. sparsely appressed pubescent. Leaves l-foliolate, ! ................................................................... l.O . viciifolia sometimes pinnately 3-foliolate ones present as well; 1. Stem densely w hite-pubescent: leaflets 6 -1 2 ; pod leaflets obovate to broadly elliptic, up to 30 x 22 mm, spiny at the margin and on both fa c e s ........................ glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath; petiole I .......................... L..................................... 2. O. richardii up to 18 mm long. Racemes 3-10-flow ered; rhachis and peduncle together c. 8 -6 0 mm long. Calyx 4.5—6 mm 1. O. viciifolia Scop. (1772). O. vulgaris Hill (1756), long, glabrous outside; lobes equalling or longer than nom. invalid. Esparcet (Eng.). Subglabrous to pubes­ tube. Corolla 11-15 mm long. Pod with 1-3 segments, cent perennial, 10-80 cm tall; leaflets 12-28, ovate to stipitate; segm ents c. 7 x 4.5—5 mm, finely pubescent oblong or linear, 10—35 x 4—7 mm; corolla pink with and with spines up to 1.6 mm long. purple veins, 8 -1 4 mm long, glabrous; pod 5 -8 mm B ush/w oodland; c. 1000-1300 m. ?TU, SU (Blue long, pubescent; sides toothed; margin usually with 6 -8 Nile G orge); not known elsewhere. Schimper 201; teeth, up to 1 mm long. Introduced; 2 2 0 0-2300 m. EW ; Thulin & H unde 4096 (sterile). mainly E urope and Asia, widely grown for fodder and 188

naturalized. Pappi 157, 4400; Schweinfurth & Riva 952. 2. O. ricliardii Bak. (1871); type: Tigray, Petit s.n. (P, holo., W, iso.). Densely pilose herb, up to 40 cm high. Leaflets (6 -)8 -1 2 , lanceolate or oblong, acute, c. 20 x 6 mm, glabrous above, silky pilose beneath. Racem es longpedunculate. Corolla c. 10 mm long; standard hairy. Pod c. 11 mm long, suborbicular, densely lanate, eehinate on the edge and on both faces. H abitat not known. T U ; only known from the type collected in Shelicot (Tcheleucote) at c. 13°21'N, 39°34'E in 1844.

90. Galega L. (1753) Gillett in Kew Bull. 17: 81-88 (1963) & FI. T rop. E. Afr. (1971). Erect herbs. Leaves im paripinnate; stipules divided into 2 or m ore acute lobes. Flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, subequal. Corolla purplish-blue or white. Stamens united into a closed tube. Pod unilocular, dehiscen-, the sutures not impressed, with prom inent parallel oblique veins. Some three species in the area from Iran to the A d­ riatic and three m ore in E Africa. G. somalensis (Taub. ex H arm s) G illett (1963); Astragalus somalensis Taub. ex H arm s (1897); type: Sidamo, Burgi, Riva 1398 (FT, holo.). Fig. 43:4. Perennial, sparsely pilose. Leaflets 9 -1 7 , opposite or alternate, up to 22 x 6 mm; stipules 3-5-partite. Racemes lax, many-flowered. Corolla 6 -8 mm long, purplish blue. Pod c. 17 x 4 -5 mm, flat, curved dow n­ wards and tapering to a short beak, 1-3-seeded. U pland grassland, near stream s and in shady places; c. 1600 m. SD; not known elsewhere. Gillett 14884.

91. Astragalus L. (1753) H erbs or small shrubs. Leaves im paripinnate or paripinnate; stipules entire. Flowers in axillary racemes or clusters. Calyx-lobes 5, subequal. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Pod ± divided lengthwise into 2 loculi by a vertical m em brane, usually dehiscent, 1— m anv-seeded. Some 2000 species, mainly north tem perate, most num erous in W and C Asia. A . boeticiis L., a M editerranean species, was said to be cu tivated as a substitute for coffee in SW Ethiopia by Fiori in L" Agricoltura Colon. 33, 7 (1939). No m a­ terial has been seen. 1. M ore or less robust perennial; corolla 8-13 mm long .......................................................... 1. A. atropilosulus

1. Small annuals or short-lived perennials; corolla up to 6 mm long .................................................................... 2 2. Plant appressed silvery pubescent; racemes man>flowered; pod c. 7—9 mm long, not falcate ................................................................ 2. A. fa t mens is 2. Plant villous with spreading hairs; racemes 2 -6 flowered; pod c. 12-25 mm long, ± falcate ............................................................ 3. A . eremophilus 1. A. atropilosulus (Hochst.) Bunge (1868); Diplotheca atropilosula Hochst. (1846); type: Simien, Schimper II: 1235 (B, holo. f. BM, K, iso.). Perennial; stem glabrous or nearly so. Leaves im­ paripinnate up to 25 cm long; leaflets 11—51, opposite or subopposite, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, up to 30 x 14 mm, usually glabrous above, sparsely pubescent beneath. Racemes many-flowered. Corolla purplish, white or yellow, 8-13 mm long. Pod lanceolate, up to 40 x 7 mm, glabrous or dark strigulose. 1. Ovary densely covered with appressed dark hairs 2 1. Ovary glabrous ............................................................. 3 2. Standard and wings longer than keel; corolla usually yellow ............................................. var. atropilosulus 2. Standard and wings not longer than keel; corolla purplish ................................................... var. m ooneyi 3. Corolla mainly yellow; standard and wings usually longer than keel ........................................................... 4 3. Corolla purplish; standard and wings not. or hardly, longer than keel ........................................................... 6 4. Leaflets usually less than twice as long as wide .............................................................. var. coerulescens 4. Leaflets usually more than twiceas long as wide 5 5. Stem very stout; whole plant almost glabrous; both upper and lower stipules much larger than leaflets; racemes not, or but little longer than subtending leaf; filam ent-sheath 8 -9 mm long . . . . var. abyssinicus 5. Stem rather slender; plant ± white-pubescent; upper stipules smaller than the lower, not much larger than the leaflets; raceme much longer than subtending leaf; filam ent-sheath c. 6 mm long .. var. venosus 6. Stipe of pod under 3 mm long; pod, including stipe, less than 25 mm long; racemes usually shorter than subtending leaf; style 1.5—2.5(—3) mm lo n g ............. .................................................................. var. bequaertii 6. Stipe of pod over 3 mm long; pod, including stipe, almost always over 25 mm long; racemes usually longer than subtending leaf; style 3 -4 mm long ................................................................ var. burkeam is Subsp. atropilosulus. Var. atropilosulus. Upland grassland; c. 2 8 00-3550 m. TU , G D , SU; not known elsewhere. Schimper 372; Sebald 1301; J. De Wilde & G ilbert 83. Var mooneyi G illett in Kew Bull. 1 7 :4 1 6 (1964); type: Bale, M ooney 8368 (K, holo., ETH , FT, iso.). Fig. 44:1. 189

Upland grassland, scrub, stream -sides: 2 300-3700 m. GJ, SU, A R, BU, KF, SD; not kn >wn elsewhere. Mooney 6244; Thulin 1677; G illett 14990. Subsp. abyssinicus (H ochst.) G illett in Kew Bull. 17: 417 (1964); Diplotheca abyssinica Hochst. (1846); types: Schimper I: 252 (B, syn. f) & II: 736 (B, syn. f , BM, isosyn.). Var. abyssinicus. U pland grassland; 1500-2500 m. EW , TU , G D , GJ, W G; not known elsewhere. Pappi 6601 Schimper 711; Pichi-Sermolli 529.

whitish pink or blue, c. 4 mm long. Pod inflated, c. 7—9 x 3—4 mm. pilose. W oodland, bushland, rocky places; up to 2200 m. EE, EW, TU, SU: A rabia, Pakistan, India. Thulin 1494; Ash 2107; Schweinfurth 295. A. fatrnensis is particularly in A rabia very difficult to distinguish from A. vogelii and may be best treated as only a variety of this (see synonymy). All material seen from Ethiopia is typical A . fatrnensis.

3. A. erem ophilus Boiss. (1843). A. schimperi sensu Cuf. Enum .: 289 (1955), non Boiss. Var. venosus (Hochst.) G illett in Kev Bull. 17: 417 Villous decum bent annual. Leaves im paripinnate; (1964); Diplotheca venosa Hochst. (1846); types: Tig­ leaflets c. 7 -1 3 , oblanceolate to obovate, 4 -1 5 mm ray, Schimper I: 190 (B, syn. t , BM, k . isosyn.) & II: long. Racemes rathei dense, 2-6-flow ered, equalling or 1067 (B, syn. t . BM, isosyn.). longer than the subtending leaves in fruit. Calyx 3 -5 D. tigrensis Hochst. (1846); type: Tigray, Schimper I: mm long. Corolla pale yellow, white or pinkish, 5 -6 mm 241 (B, holo. t , BM, K, iso.). long. Pod c. 12-25 x 2.5—3 mm, ± falcate, pilose. Upland grassland; 1800-2700 m. EW, TU ; not Sandy or stony ground near sea level. E E ; Sudan, known elsewhere. Schweinfurth & Riva 1358; Pappi Egypt, A rabia and east to Pakistan. Pappi 4470; T er­ 287; Schimper 455. racciano 689. Var. coerulescens (Chiov.) G illett in Kew Bull. 17: 418 (1964); A. coerulescens Chiov. (1908); types: Eritrea, 92. Biserrula L. (1753) Pappi 2497 (FT, syn.), 3238 (FT, syn.), 4241 (FT, syn., BM, K, isosyn.), 4574 (FT, syn., BM, K, isosyn.) & Annuals. Leaves im paripinnate; stipules small, free. 4648 (FT, syn., BM, K, isosyn.). Flowers in axillar> racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, subequal. Upland grassland; 1500—2500 m. EW ; not known U pper filament free, reduced to a stam inode; only 5 elsewhere. stam ens fertile. Pod oblong, indehiscent, dorsiventrally Subsp. bequaertii (D e Wild.) G illett in Kew Bull. 17: 418 (1964). Var. bequaertii. Grassland, rocky places; 1800-2200 m. SU, A R, G G , SD; Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, E Z aire. Burundi. G illett 14489; Thulin 1573; G ilbert & Thulin 494. Subsp. burkeanus (H arv.) G illett in Kew Bull. 17: 420 (1964). Var. burkeanus. Upland grassland; 2 000-2400 m. SU, H U ; E Africa from N Somalia to Transvaal, and in Yemen. Mooney 8243; IEC A M A C-66; G ilbert & Thulin 939.

2. A. fatrnensis Hochst. ex Chiov. (1903); A. arabicus Ehrenb. ex Bunge (1868), nom. illegit.. non Kotschy (1866). A. arabicus E hrenb. ex Bunge var. congesfus Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, app. 2: 248 (1896) as “congesta” ; A. vogelii (W ebb) Bornm. var. congestus (Schweinf.) Cuf., Cuf. Enum ., Zw eiter N achtrag: 24 (1969); type: Eritrea, Schweinfurth 712 (B, holo. t) . A nnual or short-lived perennial herb, densely ap­ pressed silvery hairy. Leaves im paripinnate; leaflets c. 15-19, oblong-oblanceolate, 5 -1 0 mm long. Racemes dense, head-like, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 4 -5 mm long; lobes setaceous, longer than the tube. Corolla 190

com pressed, each valve produced at the side into a flat crest. O ne species in the M editerranean Region and in E and NE tropical Africa. B. peiecinus L. (1753). Annual ± pubescent herb, up to 40 cm tall. Leaflets 11-31, usually opposite. linear-oblong to obovate-orbicular, em arginate, up to 10 x 5 mm. Corolla blue, pale yellow with blue tip. or reddish, 4—6 mm long. Pod glabrous or appressed pubescent, brown. I. Crest at the sides of the pod toothed; racemes 2 -1 1 flowered: each half of pod with 5 -1 0 s e e d s ............. I .............................................................. subsp. peiecinus 1. Crest at the sides of the pod straight or very slightly undulate; racemes l-3 (-4 )-flo w ered ; each half of pod with 5 - 6 ( - _T) seeds ................. subsp. leiocarpa Subsp. peiecinus. Fig. 44:2. G rassland; 1800-2500 m. EW, T U ; Djibouti, M editerranean Region, Canary Is. Pappi 5737; Schweinfurth 298; Schimper 111: 1762. Subsp. leiocarpa (A. Rich.) G illett in Kew Bull. 17: 504 (1964); B. leiocarpa A. Rich. (1847), pro majore parte; B. peiecinus var. leiocarpa (A. Rich.) Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 96 (1903); types: Tigray, Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P, syn.).

Fig. 44. - 1: Astragalus atropilosulus var. mooneyi, a: flowering branch, b: fruiting branch, both from Thulin 1677. - 2: Biserrula pelecinus subsp. pelecinus, habit, from Schweinfurth 298. - 3: Colutea abyssinica, a: flowering branch, from W. de Wilde 6440, b: pods, from Ash 1275. - 4: Cicer cuneatum, habit, from Prior s.n. All x 0.75.

191

B. pelecinus L. var. subintegra Bak f., Leg. Trop. Afr.: 271 (1929); types from Sudan. Tanzania and Ethiopia: Tigray, Schimper 77 (BM, syn.). G rassland, scrub; 1900-2400 m. EW , TU, SU, SD; Sudan, N Tanzania. Pappi 580; G illett 14369; J. De Wilde 7065. 93. Colutea L. (1753) Shrubs. Leaves im paripinnate; stipules small. Flowers few together in axillary racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, sub­ equal, short. Corolla yellow or reddish. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Style thick, incurved at tip; stigma large, on the inner edge of the style, surrounded by hairs. Pod inflated, indehiscent or dehiscent near the tip, m any-seeded. Some 26 species ranging from Morocco to W China. C. abyssinica Kunth & Bouche (1847); type: Tigray, Schimper I: 240 (B, holo. t , BM, FT, G, K, P, W, iso.). Fig. 44:3. C. halepica Lam. var. sericea A. Rich., Tent. FI. Abyss. 1: 192 (1847); C. istria Mill. var. sericea (A. Rich.) Cuf., Cuf. Enum ., Zw eiter Nachtrag: 24 (1969); type: Tigray, Petit s.n. (P. holo.). C. istria var. macrophysa Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Roma 9: 58 (1911); C. abyssinica var. macrophysa (Chiov.) Browicz in Monogr. Bot. 14: 68 (1963); type: G onder, Chiovenda 1805 (FT, holo.). K oakhata, nefti-quasot, tschena-ena-dekala (Tign.). 1^4 m tall; young stems white strigulose. Leaflets 9 -1 5 , elliptic, up to 18 x 10 mm. m ucronate, glabrous or nearly so above, white strigulose beneath. Racemes 2-3-flow ered. Corolla usually dark reddish-brown, yellowish-green at the base, the keel almost black at the tip, 13-15 mm long. Pod often purplish or brownish, papery, 3 -8 cm long including the 0 .5-2.2 cm long stipe, 1.5-2.8 cm wide. U pland grassland, rocky slopes; 1600-4000 m. EW, TU , G D , W U , SU, A R, BU, HU, SD; N Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda. W. de Wilde 8218; G ilbert 2231; Thulin. Hunde & Tadesse 3831. 94. Parochaetus D. D on (1825) Prostrate herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; stipules free from the petiole. Flowers in axillary few-flowered long-pedunculate umbels. Calyx 5-lobed, the 2 upper lobes fused almost to the tip. Corolla caducous. U pper filament free, the other 9 united. Pod linear, 10—15-seeded. Monotypic. P. communis D. Don (1825). Fig. 45:2. P. com m unis var. grossecrenatus Cuf. in Senckenberg. Biol. 39: 295, t. 35/1 (1958); type: G am o Gofa, Cencia, Kuls 701 (FR , holo., not seen). Jeneder-cusso (Am h.). 192

Stems glabrous or sparsely pilose. Leaflets cuneateobovate, up to 35 x 35 mm, em arginate, entire to ere­ mite o r coarsely toothed in outer part; petiole 3 -2 5 cm long. Calyx 6 -7 mm long. Corolla bright blue, up to 17 mm long. Pod up to 25 x c. 4 mm, ending in a short acute beak, glabrous. U pland forest, bam boo forest, especially in dam p places: 1 8 00-3500 m. GJ, SU, A R, BU, KF, G G , SD; widespread in E tropical Africa, also in S Asia. Thulin 1468: M ooney 6002; Ash 1384.

95. Trifolium L. (1753) Fiori in N uovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 55: 3 3 5 -3 4 6 (1949); Gillett in Kew Bull. 7: 3 6 7 -4 0 4 (1952) & FI. Trop. E. Afr. (1971); From an, 111. G uide Pasture Leg. E th., Rural Dev. Stud. 3 (1975).

A nnuals o r perennials. Leaves usually digitately 3foliolate; leaflets usually toothed: stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers in heads or short spikes, rarely flowers solitary. Calyx-lobes 5, equal or unequal. Corolla per­ sistent. U p p er filament free, the other 9 united. Pod surrounded by the persistent calyx and corolla, 1—10seeded. A large, mainly tem perate genus containing many im portant fodder plants. Especially well represented in the M editerranean Region; in tropical Africa with a centre of distribution in Ethiopia. 1. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; calyx 5-nerved; corolla yellow ................................ 27. 7. campestre 1. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; calyx usually more than 5-nerved; corolla purple, white or pink .. 2 2. Bracts absent; pod l(-2 )-see d ed ........................ 3 2. Bracts present though often m inute; pod usually 2-several-seeded 5 3. Fertile flowers 2 - 5 (- 7 ); inner flowers sterile, num erous, developing after anthesis; fruiting heads appressed to or buried in the soil by the long, de­ flexed peduncle ..................... 32. 7. subterraneum 3. Fertile flowers num erous; sterile flowers absent; fruiting heads not reflexed and buried in the soil 4 4. A nnual; corolla c. 4 mm long, whitish or pink, much sh o rter than the calyx .........3 1 .7 . arvense 4. Perennial; corolla 12-15 mm long, usually reddishpurple, longer than the calyx . . . . 30. 7. pratense 5. Calyx 2-lipped with the upper lip greatly inflated and netveined in fruit ............................................. 6 5. Calyx ± regularly 5-lobed. not or but little inflated in fruit ......................................................................... 7 6. Perennial, ± hairy; flowers not re su p in a te ............. .......................................................... 28. 7. fragiferum 6. Annual, glabrous; flowers resupinate ..................... ......................L............................... 2 9 .7 . resupinatum 1. Bracts several-nerved, more than half as long as calyx, forming an involucre; blade of wing not auriculate ......................................................................... 8

Fig. 45 — 1: Psoralea plicata, a: habit, b: fruiting raceme, both from Radcliffe-Smith 5439. - 2: Parochaetus communis, a: habit, from M eyer 7655, b: pod. from M eyer 8628. - 3: Trifolium polystachyum , habit, from W. de Wilde 8 7 3 9 .-4 : T. semipilosum var. semipilosum, a: habit, from R obertson 1310, b: old inflorescence showing deflexed pedicels, from Thulin 1521. 2a: x 1.125, the rest: x 0.75. 13

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7. Bracts 1- or few-nerved, usually much shorter than the calyx and not forming an involucre; blade of wing auriculate .......................................................... 9 8. Calyx-lobes 2 -3 mm long; corolla 7—8 mm long .............................................................. 25. 7. steudneri 8. Calyx-lobes 4 -7 mm long; corolla 11-12 mm long ...................................................... 26. 7. quartinianum 9. Petiole of all leaves united with stipules throughout its length ........................................... ....................... 10 9. Petiole free for much of its length, at least in the lower leaves ............................................................ 14 10. Pedicels conspicuously reflexed in fruit; corolla white ................................................. 5. 7. somalense 10. Pedicels not reflexed in fruit; corolla usually purple ...................................................................................... 11 11. Calyx-nerves 17-30; leaflets usually more than 5 times as long as wide ........................ 1.T .sim en se 11. Calyx-nerves c. 11; leaflets usually less than 5 times as long as wide ................................ ....................... 12 12. Perennial from a ± thick rootstock, with the stems creeping below and rooting at the nodes, often forming large mats; leaflets up to 9 —13) mm long; inflorescences ± globose . . . . 4. 7. cryptopodium 12. A nnuals or short-lived perennials without a thick rootstock; the stems ± ascending; leaflets up to 6 -3 0 mm long; inflorescences usually ± oblong 13 13. Leaflets usually acute at the apex; inflorescences c. 15-35 mm long, often more than twice as long as broad ........................................... 2. 7. polystachyum 13. Leaflets usually rounded to em arginate at the apex; inflorescences 9 -1 8 mm long, less than twice as long as broad .............................. 3. 7. usambarense 14. Calyx 15-30-nerved ............................................. 15 14. Calyx c. 10—11-nerved ......................................... 19 15. Corolla 15-18 mm long, red, calyx-lobes c. 10 mm l o n g .................................................... 24. 7. schimperi 15. Corolla 7—14 mm long, purplish; calyx-lobes 2—4.5 mm long .................................................................. 16 16. Inflorescences subsessile, 1—2-flowered, leaflets cuneate-obovate; calyx-lobes 2 -2 .5 (-3 .5 ) mm long, triangular .............................. 2 1 .7 . elgonense 16. Inflorescences ± pedunculate, more than 1-2flowered, or if so then leaflets ± oblanceolate and calyx-lobes 3 -4 mm long, narrowly triangular with subulate tips ............................................................ 17 17. Leaflets ± ovate, up to 30—45 x 18—28 mm; corolla 10-14 mm long, twice as long as calyx or m ore ..................................................... 22. 7. decorum 17. Leaflets ± oblanceolate, up to 25 x 7(—10) mm; corolla 7—10(—12) mm long, less than twice as long as calyx ............................................... ..................... 18 18. Inflorescences usually numerous, l- 6 (- 8 ) flowered; calyx c. 20-30-nerved, with pilose lobes as long as or slightly longer than the tube; seeds smooth ........................................... 20. 7. multinerve 18. Inflorescences few, 5 - 1 2-flowered: calyx c. 15nerved with glabrous or very sparsely pilose lobes usually about twice as long as the tuoe; seeds finely warty ............................................. 23. 7. chilaloense 194

19. Pedicels conspicuously reflexed after flowering (also 11. 7. sp. A may belong here) ............... 20 19. Pedicels not reflexed after flowering ............... 21 20. Stems pilose ................................ 6. 7. semipilosum 20. Stems glabrous or almost so ............. 7. 7. repens 21. Standard abruptly narrowed above the middle into an oblong, truncate, downcurved tip ............... 22 21. Standard not as above ......................................... 23 22. Perennial; standard 14-20 mm l o n g ........................ ................................................... 16. 7. calocephalum 22. A nnual; standard c. 9 mm long . 17. 7. tembense 23. Inflorescences 1-6-flowered .............................. 24 23. Inflorescences 10-m any-flowered ................... 25 24. Pedicels c. 1 mm long; corolla not much exceeding calyx ...........*................................ 18. 7. spananthum 24. Pedicels c. 2 -4 mm long; corolla more than twice as long as calyx ......................................... 19. 7. acaule 25. Perennial; stems usually creeping and rooting at the nodes .......................................... 8. 7. burchellianum 25. A nnuals; stem erect or decum bent,^rarely rooting at the nodes ............................................................ 26 26. Plant, including calyces and both sides of leaflets densely pilose; calyx 10-nerved; flowers subsessile ..................................................................................... 27 26. Plant usually practically glabrous, calyces and leaf­ lets not densely pilose; calyx usually 11-nerved; flowers usually with at least 1 mm long pedicels 28 27. Leaflets ovate to elliptic, mostly less than twice as long as wide; inflorescences 13-20 mm across; bracts white, up to 1 mm long .. 9. 7. bilineatum 27. Leaflets ± oblanceolate, more than twice as long as wide; inflorescences c. 12 mm across; bracts fre­ quently elongated and green, up to 5 -7 mm long, but sometimes all white and less than 1 mm ..................................................... 10. 7. pichisermollii 28. Commisural calyx-nerves usually forking at a nar­ row angle low down the calyx-tube; corolla 3 -4 mm long ............. ;................................... 15. 7. baccarinii 28. Com misural calyx-nerves forking at a wide angle at the base of the sinus; corolla 5 -8 mm long .. 29 29. Calyx-tube becoming somewhat inflated and con­ stricted at the throat ........... 13. 7. mattirolianum 29. Calyx-tube not nflated or narrow ed at the throat ..................................................................................... 30 30. Leaflets lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3 or more times as long as wide, usually acute at the apex; stipules somewhat laciniate at the margin ........................................................ 14. 7. lanceolatum 30 Leaflets ovate or oblong, less than 3 times as long as wide, rounded to em arginate at the apex .. 31 31. Petioles up to 5 cm long in lower leaves, although sometimes obsolete in upper leaves; leaflets usually rounded at the apex; flowers purple ........................ ................................................... 12. 7. rueppellianum 31. Petioles not even in lower leaves more than 7 mm long; leaflets ± em arginate; flowers apparently pink .......................................................... 1 1 .7 . sp. A

1. T. sim ense Fresen. (1839); type: Simien, Rueppell (FR, holo.). T. simense Fresen. forma albiflorum Piovano in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Itai. 56: 474 (1949); type: Shoa, Piovano 234 (FT, holo.). Erect or sometimes decum bent perennial, up to 60 cm tall: stem glabrous or pilose above. Leaflets cuneateoblong to linear-lanceolate, up to 10-60 x 1.5—5.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose; petioles united with stipules for all Their length; stipules bristly at the tip, glabrous or pilose at the margin. Inflorescences globose or ovoid, many-flowered, c. 15 mm across; peduncle up to 7 cm long, pilose, especially at the top; bracts minute. Calyx pilose at margins, 17-30-nerved; lobes subulate, 2-3 mm long. Corolla red-violet, rarely white, 6 -8 mm long. Seeds 1-2. U pland grassland; 1780-3800 m. EW, TU, G D , GJ, SU, A R, BU, HU, G G . SD; widespread in tropical A f­ rica. Thulin 1358; G ilbert & Thulin 463; Ash 2052. T. simense is very variable in the size and shape of its leaflets. A form with com paratively short and broad leaflets was called T. sp. E by Froman (1975). but as there are num erous interm ediates taxonomic recogni­ tion is not advisable. 2. T. polystachyum Fresen. (1839); tvpe: Rueppell (FR. holo.). Fig. 45:3. T. polystachyum Fresen. var. contractum Lanza in Boll. O rto Bot. Giard. Colon. Palerm o 8:98, t. 5 (1909) types: Simien, Schimper 2422 (PAL. syn., not seen), Eritrea. Senni 191 (PA L, syn.. not seen). A nnual or short-lived perennial; stems ascending, up to more than I m long, glabrous below, sparsely pilose above, often rooting at the lower nodes. Leaflets elliptic or oblanceolate, up to 30 x 9 mm, usually acute at the apex; petioles united with stipules for all their length; stipules with narrowly triangular tips. Inflorescences ± oblong m any-flowered, up to 35 x 15 mm; peduncle up to ~ cm long, pilose; bracts minute. Calyx pilose, 11-nerved, lobes subulate, 3 -4 mm long. Corolla purple, c. 8 mm long. Seeds 1-2. Swampy grassland, along stream s; 1780-3550 m. EW , T U , GD , GJ, SU, A R ; S Sudan, Kenya, and with a variety in S tropical Africa. Schimper II: 1071; Thulin 1556; G ilbert & Thulin 919. T. m auginianum Fiori (1949) of which the type (without precise locality) is lost (Gillett 1952: 373) is probably a form of T. polystachyum. It was said to differ mainly by sometim es having 4 leaflets. Furtherm ore the calyx was said to be 5-nerved. T. polystachyum var. contractum is a form with shorter inflorescences ap ­ proaching T. usambarense, but with acute leaflets. 3. T. usam barense Taub. (1895). T. pseudocryptopodium Chiov. ex Fiori (1949), nom. invalid, types: Vatova 833 & 1627 (FT, syn.). A nnual or short-lived perennial; stems ascending, up to 1 m long, glabrous below, sparsely pilose above,

often rooting at the lower nodes. Leaflets cuneate-oblanceolate, up to 6 -2 2 X 3 -7 mm, usually rounded at the apex, glabrous or nearly so: petioles united with stipules for all their length; stipules with the free part triangular-acum inate. Inflorescences globose or ± oblong, many-flowered, 9 -1 8 x 7 -1 3 mm; peduncle up to 6 cm long, pilose above; bracts minute. Calyx ± pilose, 11-nerved; lobes subulate, c. 3 mm long. Corolla purple or rarely white, 4—5(—7) mm long. Seeds usually 2 G rassland, usually in swampy places and along streams; 1600-2700 m. SU, A R, BU, KF, GG , SD^; widespread in tropical Africa. G ilbert & Thulin 1007; W. de Wilde 9468; Friis et al. 2164. The specimens seen from SU and AR (e.g. Thulin 1352) are constantly smaller with smaller leaves and more densely pilose calyces than the material from southern Ethiopia. However, they are matched in these characters by specim ens from other parts of the range. Froman (1975) described and depicted this as form B of T. cryptopodium.

.

4. T. cryptopodium Steud. ex A. Rich. (1847); type: Simien, Mt Buahit, Schimper 11: 556 (P, holo., BM. K. iso.). T. stolzii sensu Cuf. Enum.: 255 (1955), non Harms. Perennial from a ± thick and woody rootstock, often forming large m ats; stems glabrous, creeping below and often rooting at the nodes. Leaflets cuneate-obovate, 5-1 3 x 2 -9 mm, glabrous; petioles united with stipules for all their length; stipules with lanceolate tips. In­ florescences ± globose, many-flow'ered, up to 18 mm across; peduncle up to 8 cm long, pilose: bracts minute. Calyx sparsely pilose, 11-nerved; lobes subulate, 4 -5 mm long. Corolla purple to pale mauve, 8-11 mm long. Pod usually 1-seeded. Upland grassland, often on rocky or moist ground; 2 0 0 0 -3 9 5 0 (-4 3 0 0 ) m. EW , G D . SU, AR, BU. KF, GG , SD; U ganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Hedberg & Aw'eke 5352; H edberg 5570; Burger 3655. Some of the more stout Ethiopian specimens much approach the Tanzanian T. wentzelianum Harms. T. sp. C sensu From an (1975) from moist habitats in S Arssi may be an aberrant form of T. cryptopodium, with blue, resupinate flowers. No m aterial has been seen, how­ ever. 5. T. somalense Taub. (1897); type: Sidamo. B iddum aAlghe, Riva 1301 (FT, holo.). Perennial; stems erect or ascending from a cluster of tuberous roots. Leaflets oblong-elliptic, 10—35 x 4—10 mm, with 25—40 nerves on each side, glabrous except for a few hairs on midrib; petioles united with stipules for all their length; stipules with short lanceolate tips. Inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered, c. 20 mm across; flowers reflexed in fruit; bracts minute. Calyx pilose at margins, 1 l(-L 4 )-n erv ed ; lobes subulate, c. 3 mm long. Corolla white, c. 9 mm long. 195

U pland grassland up to c. 2000 m. SD; not known elsewhere. G illett 14323; Vatova 430. 6. T. semipilosum Fresen. (1839); type: Simien, Rueppell s.n. (FR. holo.). T. semipilosum var. microphyllum Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 406 (1908); type: Eritrea, Pappi 1132 (FT, holo., K, iso.). T. semipilosum var. kilimanjaricum Bak. f., Leg. Trop. Afr.: 81 (1926). T. semipilosum var. sennii Chiov. ex - iori in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 55: 342, Fig. 10 (1949). nom. invalid.: type: Senni 1235 (FT). Perennial herb with a taproot and prostrate pilose stems, often rooting at the nodes. Leaflets orbicular, obovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 15 x 1 j mm, glabrous or pilose above, pilose beneath at least on the midrib; petiole pilose, usually much longer than a leaflet. In­ florescences ± globose, few -m any-flow ered; peduncle often longer than the leaves, pilose; pedicels reflexed in fruit. Corolla white, pale pink or white with purplish centre, 8 -1 2 mm long. Seeds 2-6. 1. Leaflets rounded to slightly em arginate at the apex, glabrous above, pilose beneath on the outer halves of the 2 lower leaflets and the midribs, teeth short and rounded; stipules narrowly falcate-triangular; in­ florescences (7—) 1 0 -2 5 'flow ered: ovary and pod pilose at least near the tip ...........var. semipilosum 1. Leaflets ± em arginate at the apex, pilose to sub­ glabrous above, sparsely to densely pilose over the whole of the lower surface, teeth larger and sharper: stipules usually broader, ± lanceolate: inflorescences 3 -15-flow ered; ovary and pod pilose or papillose to subglabrous 2 2. Leaflets shallowly em arginate at the apex, sparsely pilose; inflorescences 10-15-flow ered; flowers pur­ plish, pale purple or whitish at the a p e x ................... ............................................................ var. intermedium 2. Leaflets deeply em arginate at the apex, usually densely pilose on both sides; inflorescences 3-1 2 flowered; flowers white to pink .........var. brunellii Var. semipilosum. Fig. 45:4. Upland grassland and bushland, forest margins: 1 8 0 0 -3 150"m. EW , TU , G D , W U, SU, A R, BU, HU, SD; N U ganda, Kenya. T anzania and Yemen. M ooney 8290; Thulin 1521; Ash 2095. Var. interm edium Thulin in Nord. J. Bot. 2:52 (1982); type: Shoa, W. de Wilde 7400 (W A G , holo., C, K, UPS, iso.). U pland grassland in rocky places; 2800-3800 m. SU, A R ; not known elsewhere. Hagos 218; W. de Wilde 8084; Senni 895. Var. brunellii Thulin in Nord. J. Bot. 2:51 (1982); type: Sidamo, Vatova 717 (FT, holo.). T. brunellii Chiov. ex. Fiori (1949), nom. nud. 196

Upland grassland, forest margins, often in rather dam p situations; 1800-3700 m. A R , BU, SD: not known elsewhere. M ooney 5157, 8300; Gillett 14781. W. de Wilde 9124 and 10085 from A R represent a highland form from 370 0 -4 0 0 0 m altitude which cannot readily be placed in any of the varieties here recognized. It has conspicuously long-pedicelled flowers in practi­ cally sessile inflorescences.

7. T. repens L. (1753). G labrous or glabrescent p eren­ nial, usually with long creeping stems rooting at the nodes; leaflets o b o \a te or elliptic, 1 0 -2 5 (-4 0 ) mm long: petioles 2—20 cm long; stipules contracted into a subulate tip; inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered, long-pedunculate: pedicels reflexed in fruit; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, the 2 upper longer than the rest; corolla white or pale pink. 7—10 mm long; pod linear, 3—f-seeded. Introduced for experim ental cultivation in AR (From an 1975); widespread in Eurasia and exten­ sively cultivated for fodder.

8. T. burchellianum Ser. (1825). Perennial herb with a taproot; stems glabrous or nearly so, usually creeping and rooting at the nodes. Leaflets cuneate-obovate to oblong, up to 2 5 (-5 0 ) x 19 mm. glabrous or nearly so, with a well-developed free petiole; stipules with the free part triangular, short. In­ florescences ± globose, many-flowered, up to 30 mm across; peduncle long, pilose towards the top. Calyx ± pilose at the margin, c. 11-nerved; lobes triangular-sub­ ulate, 4 -7 m m long. Corolla purple, 8—13 m m long. Seeds 1-2. 1. Leaflets less than 1.5 times as long as wide, less than 25 mm long, usually em arginate; stems creeping, less than 2.5 mm thick ........ var.johnstonii 1. Leaflets m ore than 1.5times as long as wide, more than 25 mm long; stems ascending, more than 2.5 mm thick . . . . L.................................. var. oblongum Subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) Cuf. ex G illett in Kew Bull. 2 5 :1 7 8 (1971). | Var. johnstonii. Fig. 46:1. 7. basileianum Chiov. (1929); type: source of Webbi Shebelli, D uke o f Abruzzi 112 (TO , holo. f). U pland grassland and moor, forest glades and m ar­ gins; 200 0 -3 9 0 0 m. SU, A R, BU , KF, G G , SD; Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Thulin 1360; G ilbert, Thulin & Aweke 462, 575. Var. oblongum Gillett in Kew Bull. 7: 382 (1952). U pland grassland and moor, forest margins; 3200—4000 m. A R , BU, KF, G G , SD; Kenya. W. de Wilde 9042; Thulin 1658; M ooney 7237. Subsp. burchellianum occurs in South Africa and A n­ gola.

Fig. 46. - 1: Trifolium burchellianum var. johnstonii, habit, from Thulin 1360. - 2 : T. bilineatum, habit, from G ilbert 173. - 3 : T. rueppellianum, habit, from G ilbert & G etachew 3097. - 4 : T. tembense, habit, from Evans 357. - 5: T. calocephalum, habit, from Hagos 209. All x 0.75.

197

9. T. bilineatum Fresen. (1839); type: Rueppell s.n. (FR, holo.). Fig. 46:2. A nnual herb, pilose above, up to 40 cm high. Leaflets ovate to elliptic, up to 23 x 15 mm. densely pilose on both sides; petioles up to 5 cm long; stipules ovateacuminate. Inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered. 13-20 mm across; flowers subsessile; bracts up to 1 mm long, white. Calyx densely white or brownish pilose, 10-nerved: lobes triangular-subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm long. Corolla purple, c. 8 mm long. Pod 1-2-seeded. U pland grassland and as a weed in cultivations; 1800-2500 m. EW, TU , G D , G J, WG, SU; not known elsewhere. Schimper 1264; G ilbert & Thulin 603; G il­ bert & Aweke 3025. 10. T. pichisermollii Gillett (1952); type: Shoa, Negri 85 bis (FT, holo.). A nnual pilose herb, up to 35 cm tall. Leaflets ± oblanceolate, up to 19 x 9 mm, densely pilose on both sides; petioles up to 3 cm long; stipules ovate-acum ­ inate. Inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered, c. 12 mm across; flowers subsessile; bracts frequently elon­ gated and green, up to 5 -7 mm long, but sometimes all white and less than 1 mm. Calyx densely white or brow­ nish pilose, 10-nerved; lobes triangular-subulate, 2-2.5 mm long. Corolla purple, c. 7 mm long. Pod 1-2seeded. U pland grassland; 2 100-2700 m. GJ, SU; not known elsewhere. Bally 3070; G ilbert & Thulin 1000; Ash 2087. The usually strikingly large bracts are not always d e­ veloped and such specimens may be difficult to distin­ guish from the closely related T. bilineatum, of which it is perhaps no more than a variety. 11. T. sp. A. Slender ascending herb, apparently annual; stems glabrous, rooting at lower nodes. Leaflets broadly cuneate-obovate. up to 9 x 8 mm, truncate to em argi­ nate at the apex, densely nerved, sparsely pilose along midvein beneath; petiole up to 7 mm long; stipules ovate-elliptic, entire. Inflorescences c. 15-flowered. c. 17 mm across; pedicels up to 2 mm long; peduncle long, pilose; bracts minute. Calyx glabrous except for on margins of lobes, 10-nerved; lobes subulate, 2 .5 -3 mm long. Corolla apparently pink, c. 8 mm long. Ovules c. 4. M ountain slope; 2500 m. HU (G ara M ullata M t); not known elsewhere. Burger 3824 (K). Probably related to T. rueppellianum from which it differs in the short-petiolate leaves with ± em arginate, densely nerved leaflets and in the apparently pink corolla with less w ell-developed auricle at base of wings. The flow er-colour may indicate a relationship also with T. semipilosum. 12. T. rueppellianum Fresen. (1839); Rueppell (FR, holo.). Fig. 46:3. 198

ype: Simien,

7. subrotundum Steud. & Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1847), pro majore parte; 7 rueppellianum var. subrotundum (Steud. & Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Fiori in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 55: 339 (1949); types: Tigray, Schimper I: 303 (P. syn., K, isosyn.) &. Q uartin Dillon s.n. (P, syn.). Messi (Tign.); magad, nagad (Am h.). Annual up to 50 cm tall; stems glabrous or pilose, erect or decum bent. Leaflets oblong or obovate, up to 24 x 18 mm, rounded to em arginate at the apex, glabr­ ous or sparsely pilose; petiole up to 7 cm long, in upper leaves short or wholly united with stipules; stipules with acum inate tips, entire. Inflorescences ± globose, usually many-flowered, c. 17 mm across; pedicels up to 2 mm long: peduncle long, pilose at least near the top; bracts minute. Calyx glabrous or pilose, c. 11-nerved; lobes abruptly narrow ed near the base, subulate for most of their length, 2 -5 mm long. Corolla purple or rarely white, 5 -8 mm long. Seeds usually 2—3. U pland grassland and moor; 1700-3650 m. EW, TU, GD . WU, WG, SU, A R, BU, H U , KF, G G , SD; w ide­ spread in tropical Africa. Thulin 1581; G ilbert & Thulin 774; G illett 14698. A collection of dwarfed specim ens from 3700 m al­ titude in AR (H edberg 4237) with only 6 nerves on the calyces and 4—7 flowers in the heads, may be a distinct taxon close to 7. rueppellianum. A nother deviating form has been collected at the Koka Dam in Shoa at c. 1500 m altitude (Ash 272, 758, Gilbert 1175). It has c. 10-flowered inflorescences, calyx-lobes about as long as the corolla and c. 1 mm wide at the base, peduncles com paratively short in rela­ tion to petioles, and unusually large pods. Some specimens from HU, with somewhat laciniate stipules are with some hesitation referred here too (e.g. J. De W ilde 4147). 13 T. m attirolianum Chiov. (1911); types: G onder. Chiovenda 1422 & 1706 (FT, syn.). Annual up to 30 cm tall, erect or decum bent, glabr­ ous. Leaflets obovate, up to 16 x 14 mm. usually tru n ­ cate or em arginate at the apex; petiole up to 5 cm long, in upper leaves much shorter; stipules with acum inate tips, usually somewhat laciniate. Inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered, c. 17 mm across; pedicels c. 0.5 mm long; peduncle long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 11 -nerved, becoming somewhat inflated and constricted at the throat; lobes abruptly narrow ed near the base, subulate, c. 2 mm lon^. C orolla purple or rarely white, c. 7 mm long. Seeds 1-2. Grassland, thin soil over rocks; 1300—2100 m. TU, G D , G J, W G. IL, K F; not known elsewhere. G ilbert & Thulin 699; M o o n e y 5864; Friis et al. 20. 14. T. lanceolatum (Gillett) G illett (1970). More or less erect annual up to 40 cm tall; stem glabrous. Leaflets lanceolate to oblanceolate, up to 27 x 7 mm, usually acute at the apex, glabrous, with prom inent whitish nerves; stipules somewhat laciniate

at the margin. Inflorescences ± globose, many* flowered, long-pedunculate; bracts minute. Calyx pilose. 11-nerved; lobes subulate. Corolla purple, c. 5 mm long, shorter than calyx. Seeds 2. Cleistogamous. U pland grassland; 2 1 0 0 -3 0 0 0 m. SU, A R. H U ; Kenya. Tanzania. Thulin 1646; IEC A M A C-90; Borini 27. 15. T. baccarinii Chiov. (1911); types: G onder, Chiovenda 1774 & 2155 (FT, syn.). Trigonella marginata Hochst & Steud. ex Bak. (1871 , nom. invalid.; Trifolium marginatum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Bak.) Cuf. (1955), nom. invalid. Messi (Tign.). A nnual up to 30 cm tall; stems prostrate or ascend­ ing, glabrous. Leaflets elliptic or obovate. up to 20 x 12 mm, with very small teeth; stipules with acuminate, en ­ tire tips. Inflorescences ± globose, many-flowered, long-pedunculate; bracts m inute. Calyx glabrous or nearly so, 11-nerved with the commisural nerves fork­ ing low down the tube; lobes gradually narrowing from the base, 2 -3 mm fong. Corolla purple to whitish, 3—4 mm long. Seeds 2. Cleistogamous. In grassland or w oodland and as a weed in cultiva­ tions; 1 300-2500 m. TU , G D . WG, SU. AR, IL, KF; widespread in tropical Africa. Thulin 1586; G ilbert & Thulin 840; M ooney 5860. 16. T. calocephalum Fresen. (1839); Loxosperm um calocephalum (Fresen.) Hochst. (1846); type: Simien. Rueppell s.n. (FR. holo.). Fig. 46:5. M agete (Am h.). Perennial herb to 50 cm long, rooting at lower nodes. Leaflets oblanceolate to elliptic, up to 22 X 9 mm; petioles up to 8.5 cm long; stipules with triangular tips. Inflorescences c. 4—8-flowered. Calyx 11-nerved; lobes triangular-subulate, c. 6 -7 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide at the base, with scarious, sparsely pilose margins. Corolla dark purple; standard 14-20 mm long, abruptly nar­ rowed above the middle into an oblong, truncate, downcurved tip. Seeds 7-10. Upland grassland, usually in wet places and along stream s; 2 4 0 0 -3 6 0 0 m. G D , W U, GJ, SU, A R, BU, SD; not known elsewhere. Thulin 1469; H edberg 5716; M ooney 6403. 17. T. tem bense Fresen. (1839); type: Tigray, Tem bien, Rueppell s.n. (FR, holo.). Fig. 46:4. T. umbellulatum A. Rich. (1847); type: Q uartin Dil­ lon & Petit s.n. (P, holo.). T. calocephalum Fresen. var. parviflorum Chiov. in Ann. 1st. Bot. Rom a 8: 405 (1908); types: Pappi 720, 864 p. m icrantha Brenan 26, 27 C. kirkii Oliv. 29 var. guineensis Steyaert 29 C. laevigata Willd. 24 C. longiracem osa V atke 26 C. m imosoides L. 30 C. m im osoides sensu auct. 29 C. nigricans Vahl 27. 29 C. obtusifolia L. 23, 25 C. occidentalis L. 25 C. petersiana Bolle 23, 24 C. ruspolii Chiov. 12, 25 C. sabak Del. 24 C .se n n a L. 28 var. obtusata Brenan 28 var. senna 28 C. siamea Lam. 12. 25

C. singueana Del. 12. 24 C. sophera L. 12, 25 C. tom entosa L. f. 12, 24 C. tora sensu auctt. 25 C. truncata Brenan 12. 26 C. wittei Ghesq. 29 C eratonia L. 30 C. siliqua L. 30 Chamaecrista M oench 20 Chirocalyx abyssinicus (D C .) Hochst. 122 C. tomentosus Hochst. 122 Chrysocalyx petitiana A. Rich. 169 C. quartiniana A. Rich. 170 Cicer L. 12, 206 C. arietinum L. 206 C. cuneatum Hochst. ex A. Rich. 191, 206 Clitoris L. 118 C. ternatea L. 118 var. angustifolia Hochst. ex Bak. f. 118 var. ternatea 11 7. 118 Colutea L. 12 , 192 C. abyssinica Kunth & Bouche 191. 192 var. macrophysa (Chiov.) Browicz 192 C. halepica Lam. var. sericea A. Rich. 192 C. istria Mill, var. macrophysa Chiov. 192 var .sericea (A. Rich.) Cuf. 192 Comm iphora voensis Engl. 66 Cordeuxia Hems). 12, 20 C. edulis Hemsl. 20. 21 Cordyla Lour. 12, 34 C. som alensis Gilletl 33, 34 subsp. littoralis Gillett 34 subsp. somalensis 34 Coronilla L. 12, 186 C. scorpioides (L.) Koch 186 Craibia Harm s & Dunn 72 C. brevicaudata (V atke) Dunn 13, 72 C. laurentii (D e Wild.) De Wild. 13. 72 Crotalaria L. 12, 154 C. abyssinica Dietr. 168 C. agatiflora Schweinf. 159 subsp. engleri (H arm s ex Bak. f.) Polhill 159 subsp. erlangeri Bak. f. 159 subsp. imperialis (T aub.) PolhiJ] 159 C. albicaulis Franch. 165, 166 C. alexandri Bak. f. 177 C. anthyllopsis Bak. 170 C. astragalina Hochst. ex A. Rich. 168 subsp. onobrychis (A. Rich.) Bak. f. 168 C. awasensis Thulin 167 C. axillaris Ait. 174 C. azaisii Sacl. 160 C. barkae Schweinf. 12. 160 C. bieberi Cuf. 159 C. bogdaniana Polhill 164 C. boranica Harm s ex Bak. f. 172 C. boudetii Polhill 12, 173 C. brachycephala Harm s ex Bak. f. 169 C. brevidens Benth. 167 var. brevidens 167 var. interm edia (Kotschy) Polhill 167 C. calycina Schrank 173 C. carinata Steud. ex A. Rich. 176 C. cephalotes Steud. ex A. Rich. 177 C. cleomifolia Bak. 169 C. com anestiana V olkens & Schweinf. 163 C. comosa Bak. 170 C. cylindrica A. Rich. 168 var. pusilla Chiov. 168 C. deflersti Schweinf. 163

C. deserticola Bak. f. 176 C. dilloniana Bak. 170 C. distantiflora Bak. f. 172 C. dum osa Franch. 170 C. em arginella Vatke 174, 175 C. exaltata Polhill 11, 171, 173 C. fallax Chiov. 168, 169 C. farcia R. Br. ex Bak. f. 164 C. fascicularis Polhill 174 C. fertilis Del. 166 C. gillettii Polhill 169 C. glauca Willd. 163, 165 C. goreensis Guill. & Perr. 162 subsp. macrostipula (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Bak. f. 162 C. heterotricha Polhill 12, 164 C. hypargyrea Chiov. 178 C. hyssopifolia Klotzsch 177 C. impressa Nees ex Walp. 168 subsp. onobrychis (A. Rich.) Cuf. 168 C. incana L. 162 subsp. incana 162 subsp. purpurascens (Lam .) M ilne-R edh. 162 C. incrassifolia Polhill 12, 174 C. intermedia Kotschy var. abyssinica Taub. ex Engl. 167 C. intonsa Polhill 169 C. jamesii Oliv. 170 C. jijigensis Thulin 166 C. juncea L. 177 C. karagwensis Taub. 175, 176 C. keniensis Bak. f. 173 C. laburnifolia L. 160 subsp. laburnifolia 160, 161 subsp. petiolaris (Franch.) Polhill 160 subsp. tenuicarpa Polhill 160 C. lachnocarpa Hochst. ex Bak. 162 C. lachnocarpoides Engl. 163 C. lachnophora Hochst. ex A. Rich. 161, 162 C. lanceolata E. Mey. subsp. contigua sensu auct. 167 C. laxa Franch. 174 C. leptocarpa Ball. f. 171, 173 C. lotoides A. Rich. 172 var. uniflora Steud. ex. A. Rich. 172 C. lugardiorum Bullock 176 C. macilenta Del. 176 C. m acropoda Hochst. ex A. Rich. 173 C. macrostipula Steud. ex A. Rich. 162 C. massaiensis Taub. 170 C. melilotoides Steud. ex A. Rich. 166 C. m icrocarpa Hochst. ex Benth. 171, 172 forma subuniflora Steud. ex Bak. f. 172 C. m icrophylla Vahl 172 C. m ildbraedii Bak. f. 173 C. m inima Bak. f. 177 C. montana A. Rich. 162 C. mucronata Desv. 166 C, natalitia Meissn. 162 var. natalitia 162 var. rutshuruensis De Wild. 162 C. nigrescens Chiov. 168 C. nogalensis Chiov. 174 C. ochroleuca G. Don 167 C. oligosperm a Polhill 12, 174 C. onobrychis A. Rich. 168 C. ononoides Benth. 163, 165 C. oocarpa Bak. 176 subsp. m icrocarpa M ilne-R edh. 176 subsp. oocarpa 176 C. orixensis Rottl. ex Willd. 173 C. pallida Ait. 166 var. obovata (G. D on) Polhill 166

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var. pallida 166 paolii Cuf. 170 parvula Beck 170 paulina Schrank 177 paulitschkei Bak. f. 170 persica (B urm .) M err. 172 petitiana (A. Rich.) Walp. 169 phillipsiae Bak. 170 platycalyx Steud. ex Bak. 160 pleiophylla Polhill 12, 166 plowdenii Bak. 169, 171, 178 podocarpa DC. 12, 162 polhillii Thulin 167 polysperma Kotschy 160 pseudotenuiram a Torre 177 purpurascens Lam. 162 pycnostachya Benth. 166 subsp. donaldsonii Bak. f.) Polhill 166 subsp. pycnostachya 165. 166 subsp. tropeae (M attei) Polhill 166 var. donaldsonii Bak. f. 166 C quartiniana A. Rich. 160, 161 C. raffUlii M ilne-Redh. 159 C. rathjensiana Schwartz 174 C. recta Steud. ex A. Rich. 174 subsp. sim plex (A. Rich.) Bak. f. 174 C. retusa L. 176 C. rhopalocarpa Chiov. 176 C. rosenii (Pax) M ilne-Redh. ex Polhill 11, 159, 161 C. rufocaulis Gilli 160 C. ruspoliana Chiov. 168 C. sacculata Chiov. 170 C. saltiana A ndr. 164 C. schimperi A. Rich. 162 C schumanniana H arm s 169 C. senegalensis (Pers.) B ade ex DC. 12, 176 var. carinata (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Bak. f. 176 var. macilenta (D el.) Chiov. 176 var. sanguinolenta Chiov. 176 C. sidamaensis Chiov. 168 C. simplex A. Rich. 174 C. somalensis Chiov. 164 subsp. fusula Polhill 164 subsp. somalensis 164 C. sp. A 167 C. spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. 175, 177 C. stenorham pha Harm s 175, 177 C. steudneri Schweinf. 172 forma latifolia Lanza 172 C. striata A. Br. 168 C. thomasii Harm s 164 C. tigrensis Bak. 168 C. trifoliolata Bak. f. 12, 163. 164 C. uguenensis Taub. 170 C. ukambensis sensu auct. 170 C. vatkeana Engl. 169. 178 C. verdcourtii Polhill 163 Cullen M edik. 182 Cyamopsis DC. 100 C. senegalensis Guill. & Perr. 100, 101 C. tetragonoloba (L .) T aub. 13, 100 Cylista sbm alorum Vierh. 150 Cytisus arabicus Decne 181 C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C.

D albergia L. f. 12, 68 D. com m iphoroides Bak. f. 12, 70 D. lactea Vatke 11, 69, 70 D. macrothyrsus sensu auct. 70 D. m elanoxylon Guill. & Perr. 68 D. microphylla Chiov. 70 D. sciadendron Chiov. 70 Delonix Raf. 12, 15

D. baccal (Chiov.) Bak. f. 16 D. elata (L.) G am ble 16. 17 D. regia (Boj. ex H ook.) Raf. 15 D esm anthus diver gens Willd. 36 Desm odium Desv. 110 D. abyssinicum (Willd. ex Hoffm gg.) DC. 112 D. abyssinicum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hutch. & Dalz. 112 D. adscendens (Sw.) DC. I l l var. adscendens 111 var. robustum Schubert 111 D. delicutulum A. Rich. 1 1 1 D. dichotom um (Klein ex Willd.) DC. 112. 113 D. gangeticum (L.) DC. 112 D. hirtum Guill. & Perr. I l l var. delicatulum (A. Rich.) H arm s ex Bak. f. I l l var. hirtum 111 D. intortum (Mill.) Urb. 114 D. ospriostrebium Steud. ex Chiov. 112, 113 D. ramosissimum G. Don 111 D. repandum (Vahl) DC. 11, 109. 112 D. salicifolium (Poir.) DC. 112, 113 D. schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. 112 D. schweinfurthii Schindl. 12, 111 D. uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. 114 D. velutinum (W illd.) DC. 13, 112, 113 Dichrostachys (D C .) W ight & A rn. 36 D. cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. 36. 37 subsp africana Brenan & B rum m itt 38 var. africana 38 var karamojensis Brenan & B rum m itt 38 subsp. argillicola Brenan & B rum m itt 38 var. argillicola 38 var. hirtipes Brenan & Brum m itt 38 D. glomerata (Forsk.) Chiov. 36 var. grandifolia (Lanza) Bak. f. 36 D. kirkii Benth. 13, 36. 37 D. nutans (Pers.) Benth. var. grandifolia Lanza 36 D icraeopetalum Harm s 12, 64 D. stipulare Harm s 64 Diplotheca abyssinica Hochst. 190 D. atropilosula Hochst. 189 D. tigrensis Hochst. 190 D. venosa Hochst. 190 Dolichos L. 138 D. axillaris E. Mey. 128 var. giaber E. Mey. 128 D. chrysanthus A. Chev. var. occidentalis (H arm s) Wilczek 126 D. daltonii W ebb 128 D. debilis Hochst. ex A. Rich. 139 D. dillonii Del. 133 D. ellenbeckii H arm s 140 D falcatus Klein ex Willd. 139 D. form osoides Harm s 139 D. form osus A . Rich. 139 D genistiformis Chiov. 80 D. kilim andscharicus Taub. 139 D. lablab L. 140 var. uncinatus (Schweinf.) Chiov. 140 D. luticola Verde. 13, 139 D malosanus Bak. 139 D mitis A. Rich. 140 D. oliveri Schweinf. 139 var. uondensis Fiori 139 D. pseudopachyrhizus Harm s 140 var. subintegrifolius Harm s 140 D. purpureus L. 140 D reticulatus A. Rich. 144 D. schweinfurthii Harm s 13, 140 D. sericeus E. Mey. 139 subsp formosus (A. Rich.) V erde. 139. 141 subsp. sericeus 139

D. stenocarpus Hochst. ex A. Rich. 138 D. trilobus L. 139 D. uncinatus L. 121 D. uncinatus Schweinf. 140 D. uniflorus Lam. 126 var. stenocarpus Brenan 126 Dorycnium schimperi Jaub. & Spach 184 Dum asia DC. 116 D. villosa DC. 11, 117, 118 E ntada Adans. 35 E. abyssinica Steud. ex A. Rich. 36. 37 var. intermedia Fiori 36 E. africana Guill. & Perr. 12, 35 E. leptosiachva (H arm s) Cuf. 36 E. sudanica Schweinf. 35 Entadopsis abyssinica (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Gilb. & Bout. 36 E. leptostachya (H arm s) Cuf. 36 E. sudanica (Schweinf.) Gilb. & Bout. 35 Eriosem a (D C.) G. Don 12, 150 E. buchananii Bak. f. var. richardii (Benth. ex Bak. f. & H aydon) Staner 151 E. cordifolium Hochst. ex A. Rich. 153. 155 E. elliotii Bak. f. 13, 153 E. erythrocarpon Beck 153 E. glomeratum sensu auct. 151 E. humbertii Staner & De Craene 151 E. jurionianum Staner & De Craene 151 var. fulvu m (Bak. f.) Verde. 151, 152 E. longipedunculatum A. Rich. 152 var. hirsutum Verde. 152 E. m ontanum Bak. f. 151 E. nutans Schinz 149, 151 E. polystachyum (A. Rich.) Bak. 151 E. psoraleoides (Lam .) G. Don 12, 151 E. radicosum A . Rich. 118 E. rhodesicum R.E. Fr. 152 E. richardii Benth. ex Bak. f. & Haydon 151 E. robustum Bak. 152 E. schweinfurthii Bak. f. 152 E. scioanum A vetta 149, 152 subsp. lejeunei (Staner & De C raene) Verde. 152 subsp. scioanum 152 E. shirense Bak. f. 153 E. sparsiflorum Bak. f. 152 var sessilifolium Haum an 152 var. sparsiflorum 152 E. tuberosum A. Rich. 152 E. verdickii De Wild. 13, 153 Erythrina L. 121 E. abyssinica Lam. ex DC. 11, 122. 123 E. brucei Schweinf. 11, 122. 123 E. burana Chiov. 11, 122, 123 E. crista-galli L. 122 E. lysistemon Hutch. 13, 122 E. m elanacantha Taub. ex Harm s 122 subsp. m elanacantha 124 subsp. somala (Chiov.) Gillett 123, 124 var .som ala Chiov. 124 E. rosenii Pax 159 E. tomentosa R. Br. ex A. Rich. 122 Faboideae 11 Fabricia ferruginea (Hochst. & Steud. ex A. Rich.) Kuntze 115 F. rugosa (W illd.) Kuntze var. quartiniana (A. Rich.) Taub. 1 15 Fagelia resinosa Hochst. ex A. Rich. 143 Faidherbia albida (D el.) A. Chev. 47 Feuilleea sassa (W illd.) Kuntze 58 Fillaea brucei Fresen. 19 Flemingia Ait. f. 153 F. graham iana Wight & Arn. 153, 155

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Galactia P. Br. 126 G. tenuiflora (W illd.) Wight & A rn. 126 var. biflora Schweinf. 126 var. tenuiflora 126 var. villosa (Wight & A rn.) Benth. 126. 127 Galega L. 12. 189 G. colutea Burm. f. 90 G. somalensis (Taub. ex H arm s) Gillett 187, 189 Gigalobium abyssinicum (Steud. ex A. Rich i Hiern 36 Glycine Willd. 120 G. abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich. 121 G. axilliflora Kotschy 121 G. borianii (Schweinf.) Bak. 118 G. javanica L. subsp. micrantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) F. J. H erm ann 120 var. longicauda (Schweinf.) Bak. 120 var. m oniliform is (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) F. J. H erm ann 120 G. longicauda Schweinf. 120 G. max (L.) M err. 120 G. micrantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. 120 G. m oniliform is Hochst. ex A. Rich. 120 G. petitiana (A. Rich.) Schweinf. 120 var. dembianensis Chiov. 120 G. radicosa (A. Rich.) Bak. f. 1 18 G. ringoetii De Wild. 121 G. sublobata Schumach. 146 G. wightii (W ight & A rn.) Verde. 120 subsp. petitiana (A. Rich.) Verde. 119, 120 var. m earnsii (D e W ild.) Verde. 120 var. petitiana 120 subsp. wightii 120 var. longicauda (Schweinf.) Verde. 120 Haydonia m onophylla (Taub.) Wilczek 138 Hedysarum L. 186 H. abyssinicum Willd. ex Hoffmgg. 112 H. coronarium L. 13, 186 H. repandum Vahl 112 Helminthocarpon abyssinicum A. Rich. 186 Indigastrum deflexum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Jaub. & Spach 99 I. macrostachyum Jaub. & Spach 99 Indigofera L. 12. 82 /. aeruginis Schweinf. 86 I. alboglandulosa Engl. 92 I. alta Schweinf. 96 1. ambelacensis Schweinf. 88 I. am orphoides Jaub. & Spach 91. 96 /. anabaptista Steud. ex Bak. 85 I. arabica Jaub. & Spach 85 /. arenaria A. Rich. 85 var. strigosa A. Terracc. 95 I. argentea Burm. f. 92 /. argentea sensu auct. 95 I. arrecta Hochst. ex A. Rich. 82, 97 1. articulata G ouan 82, 91, 96 I. astragalina DC. 97 I. atriceps Hook. f. 92 subsp. alboglandulosa (Engl.) G illett 92 subsp. atriceps 92 subsp. kaessneri (Bak. f.) G illett 91, 93 subsp. setosissima (H arm s) G illett 93 /. barcensis Chiov. 99 1. binderi Kotschy 93 I. bogdanii Gillett 13, 96 I. boranensis Chiov. 98 I. boranica Thulin 94 I. brachynem a Gillett 90 1. brevicalyx Bak. f. 86 I. butayei De Wild. 12, 100 1. cana Thulin 99

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I. I. I. 1.

chirensis Cuf. ex Gillett 85 ciferrii Chiov. 95 cliffordiana Gillett 13, 211 coerulea Roxb. 82, 91, 96 var. coerulea 96 var. occidentalis Gillett & Ali 96 I. colutea (Burm . f.) M err. 90 var. colutea 90, 91 var. dembianensis (Chiov.) Cuf. ex Gillett 90 var. linearis Bak. f. ex G illett 90 var. som alensis (Bak f.) Cuf. ex Gillett 90 /. coluteifolia Jaub. & Spach 93 I. com m iphoroides Chiov. 94 I. congolensis De Wild & Th. Dur. 12, 88 1. conjugata Bak. 13, 99 1. cordifolia Heyne ex i