Laws and Customs of Israel 9781463213671

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Laws and Customs of Israel

Gorgias Theological Library

26 a & b

The Gorgias Theological Library brings back to active circulation carefully selected rare classics which are essentials for the shelves of every theological library. The selections include tools for scholars, but also general theological works of interest to general readers.

Laws and Customs of Israel

Volume 1 Translated by Gerald Friedlander

1 gorgias press 2010

Gorgias Press LLC, 180 Centennial Ave., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2010 by Gorgias Press LLC

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ISBN 978-1-59333-753-7

1 ISSN 1935-6935

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LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF ISRAEL COMPILED FROM T H E CODES

C H A Y Y E

A D A M

D T K

•>'»{1

AND K I Z Z U R

S H U L C H A N

' A R U K H

"JFIY

W

P

IN FOUR PARTS

PART

I

CONTAINING LAWS CONCERNING IDAILY CONDUCT, TEPHILLIN, KADDISH, CHARITY,

MEZUZAH, JAHRZEIT,

PRAYER, MINYAN, STUDY

TALEBEARING

OF

AND

SACRED

SLANDER,

ARBA'

READING O F

KANFOS,

THE

LAW,

BOOKS,

REPENTANCE,

CHALAH,

PREPARATION

OF FOOD (KASHRUTH), GRACE BEFORE AND AFTER MEALS, &C.

TRANSLATED

GERALD

BY

FRIEDLANDER

PREACHER, WESTERN SYNAGOGUE, LONDON

LONDON" : P.

V A L L E N T I N E

A N D

S O N ' S

( S U C C E S S O R ^ .

9, COMMERCIAL S T R E E T , L O N D O N , 1915.

E.

P R E F A C E . THE present work is an endeavour to provide for the home a condensed résumé of the Laws and Customs of Israel, and also a text book for Jewish schools in the upper standards. The title Y*11 r n " L a w and Custom" explains the nature of its contents. The " Laws and Customs " of Israel are set forth ic the great code of Maiinonides, Yad Hachazakah (nptnn V), in the Tur (~it2) of RAsher ben Jechiel, and in R Joseph Karo's Shulehan ' Arukh ("¡n" jn^c). These monumental writings and many more have been summarized in R Abraham Danziger's Chayyè Adam (DIO "n) and Chokhmath Adam ( m x n » : n ) as well as in R Solomon Ganzfried's Kizzur Shulehan 'Arukh ("py j n t e -,l*p). The labours of these learned Rabbis have been epitomized in R Bernard Abramowitz's " Law of Israel." These books have been laid under contribution in the preparation of the present work. The entire work will be completed (D.Y.) by the issue of three further volumes. The present book contains much material that is suitable for use in Hebrew classes. It is believed that the intelligent study of this work will lay the foundation of a thorough knowledge of Hebrew and Jewish Law and will enable the reader and student to gain an insight into the great codes on which they are founded. With this aim in view the translation is as literal as possible. For the greater convenience of students the translation appears opposite each page of the original. A glossary and a complete index will appear (D.V.) in the fourth volume. GERALD FRIEDLANDER Feb. 12, 1915-5675. 1

See Esther i. 13.

TO TITK MEMORY

OP

Db. HERMAN ADLER, CHIEF RABBI

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L A W S AND CUSTOMS OF I S R A E L 6. One should say at least one hundred benedictions daily, a support for this is given in the Torah : " Now, 0 Israel, what (na) does, the Lord thy God require of thee " (Deut. x. 12). Do not read na {what) but read nxn (one hundred). On Sabbaths, Holidays and Fast Days, when the number is diminished, compensation is afforded by paying attention to the benedictions recited by the Reader when repeating the Amidah and by the benedictions in connection with the reading of the Law and the Prophets, p>t is to be said after these benedictions. The number may also be completed by the blessings said when enjoying the gifts of God. 7. When one says: 'n nnN "jm the listener answers y.nai «in "pia in» and when the benediction is concluded pN is said. p x means " it is true " and one should believe that the benediction said is true (and he admits :) " I believe this." In benedictions which include prayer, the listener in responding pK implies that the benediction is true and he prays thereby that the prayer may be answered. 8. If a congregant owing to his prayer be unable to join in the responses, he must not say las' xin "jna, even in the case when by listening he would fulfil his obligation e.g., the benediction over the Shofar (Ram's Horn) or that over the Scroll of Esther, because the response would be an interruption. 9. It is necessary to say the word p « properly, neither dropping the first letter nor the last. We must not say p x before the one saying the benediction has concluded, for this is termed a '' snatched " pt< ; one should not delay in responding pK for this is called an "orphan" p x ; but immediately after the benediction has been completed, p « should be said and one should not raise his voice in doing so above that of the person who says the benediction. 10. A person does not respond p « to his own reading of the benediction, except in the Grace after Meals or similar instances (where p « is part of the benediction). Should a congregant conclude a. benediction with the Header, he does not respond pn, but if he happen to say a different benediction to that said by the Reader, and they conclude together, he should say p s after the benediction of the Reader. T H E LAWS OF THE FRINGES,

(N^X)

1. The precept of the W i t is great, because Scripture connects therewith all the commandments (of the Law) because it is said : " And: 5

L A W S AND CUSTOMS OF I S R A E L 6. One should say at least one hundred benedictions daily, a support for this is given in the Torah : " Now, 0 Israel, what (na) does, the Lord thy God require of thee " (Deut. x. 12). Do not read na {what) but read nxn (one hundred). On Sabbaths, Holidays and Fast Days, when the number is diminished, compensation is afforded by paying attention to the benedictions recited by the Reader when repeating the Amidah and by the benedictions in connection with the reading of the Law and the Prophets, p>t is to be said after these benedictions. The number may also be completed by the blessings said when enjoying the gifts of God. 7. When one says: 'n nnN "jm the listener answers y.nai «in "pia in» and when the benediction is concluded pN is said. p x means " it is true " and one should believe that the benediction said is true (and he admits :) " I believe this." In benedictions which include prayer, the listener in responding pK implies that the benediction is true and he prays thereby that the prayer may be answered. 8. If a congregant owing to his prayer be unable to join in the responses, he must not say las' xin "jna, even in the case when by listening he would fulfil his obligation e.g., the benediction over the Shofar (Ram's Horn) or that over the Scroll of Esther, because the response would be an interruption. 9. It is necessary to say the word p « properly, neither dropping the first letter nor the last. We must not say p x before the one saying the benediction has concluded, for this is termed a '' snatched " pt< ; one should not delay in responding pK for this is called an "orphan" p x ; but immediately after the benediction has been completed, p « should be said and one should not raise his voice in doing so above that of the person who says the benediction. 10. A person does not respond p « to his own reading of the benediction, except in the Grace after Meals or similar instances (where p « is part of the benediction). Should a congregant conclude a. benediction with the Header, he does not respond pn, but if he happen to say a different benediction to that said by the Reader, and they conclude together, he should say p s after the benediction of the Reader. T H E LAWS OF THE FRINGES,

(N^X)

1. The precept of the W i t is great, because Scripture connects therewith all the commandments (of the Law) because it is said : " And: 5

I. cudi.cu iHL'u cL ruru