Kubaba 1 (2010): Journal of Ancient Southwest Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Studies 9781463233990

Citation preview

KUBABA Journal of Ancient Southwest Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Studies

KUBABA Journal of Ancient Southwest Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Studies

GENERAL-EDITOR Miguel Valério (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) EDITORIAL BOARD Carlos Duarte (Universidad del País Vasco / IAP) Edgar Fernandes (Universidade Nova de Lisboa / IAP) Filipe Oliveira (Universidade Nova de Lisboa / IAP) Marcel Monte (Universidade Nova de Lisboa / CHAM) ADVISORY BOARD Francisco Caramelo (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Ilya Yakubovich (University of Oxford) Leonor Santa Bárbara (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Mª Helena Trindade Lopes (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Michael Franklin Lane (University of Maryland)

KUBABA Journal of Ancient Southwest Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Studies

Volume 1 2010

Published by

‹&DUORV'XDUWH(GJDU)HUQDQGHV)LOLSH2OLYHLUD 0DUFHO0RQWHDQG0LJXHO9DOpULR

  $OO ULJKWV UHVHUYHG XQGHU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO DQG 3DQ$PHULFDQ &RS\ULJKW &RQYHQWLRQV 1R SDUW RI WKLV YROXPH PD\ EH UHSURGXFHG RU WUDQVPLWWHG LQ DQ\ IRUP RU E\ DQ\ PHDQV HOHFWURQLF RU PHFKDQLFDO LQFOXGLQJ SKRWRFRS\ UHFRUGLQJ RU DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ VWRUDJH DQG UHWULHYDO V\VWHP ZLWKRXW SULRU SHUPLVVLRQ LQ ZULWLQJ IURP WKH SXEOLVKHUV &DUORV 'XDUWH (GJDU )HUQDQGHV )LOLSH 2OLYHLUD 0DUFHO 0RQWH DQG 0LJXHO 9DOp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

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ..................................................................................... v New Journal Announcement ................................................................. vi ARTICLES ................................................................................................ 1 Honor Guest - Harold Craig MELCHERT: Remarks on the Kuttamuwa Inscription .................................................................. 2 João Pedro VIEIRA: A fertilidade como eixo do divino em ugarit: o caso de Baȧlu ................................................................... 13 Joost KRAMER: The symbolic meaning of the scene of Nut, Geb, and Shu.................................................................................. 22 Brent DAVIS: Introduction to the Aegean Pre-Alphabetic Scripts .............................................................................................. 43 REVIEWS ............................................................................................... 79 Elias PINHEIRO: Zainab Bahrani: Rituals of War – The Body and Violence in Mesopotamia ................................................................... 80

NEW JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT Kubaba is a new free-access electronic journal intended as a medium of reflection on and discussion of the interaction sphere of Southwest Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Aegean before the Classical Era. The journal covers virtually every dimension of human life in this field and thus welcomes contributions from a wide variety of disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, epigraphy, history, and historical linguistics. Interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged. Establishing spatial and chronological boundaries in historicalanthropological research is never easy. Hence Kubaba sets itself to address the period from the emergence of writing and complex societies (4th millennium BCE) down to the beginnings of the Classical Era of Greece and Rome, what may be conveniently called “Pre-Classical” Antiquity. The geographical scope of Kubaba encompasses the Eastern Mediterranean – together with the Aegean and Cyprus – and Southwestern Asia, this last region including not only the traditional Ancient Near East but also the Caucasus and Arabian Peninsula. The journal seeks furthermore to explore the interaction of these areas with other parts of Eurasia. Kubaba aims to increase the visibility of Portuguese research on the topic, as well as to keep Portuguese researchers informed and up to date. Therefore, the main working languages of Kubaba are both Portuguese and English, alongside French, Spanish and Italian. This peer-reviewed journal is receptive to the scientific production of both well established academics and junior scholars, without neglecting the quality of the work it embraces. Miguel Valério June 9th 2011

HAROLD CRAIG MELCHERT HONOR GUEST ~ CONVIDADO DE HONRA Harold Craig Melchert is presently the A. Richard Diebold Professor of Indo-European Studies and Professor of Linguistics at the University of California at Los Angeles. He specializes on the languages of the Anatolian branch of Indo-European, on which he has done significant work. Besides being the author of more than one hundred scholarly articles, his published monographs include Anatolian Historical Phonology (1994), A Dictionary of the Lycian Language, Lycian Lexicon (1993). He recently co-authored with Harry A. Hoffner, Jr. the monumental work A Grammar of the Hittite Language (2008). His Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon (1993), as well as corpora of Cuneiform Luvian, Lydian and Lycian texts by him are available online. H. Craig Melchert is a supporter of online publication and therefore many of his own articles can also be consulted on the Internet through his homepage: http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/Index.htm. Harold Craig Melchert ocupa actualmente o cargo de Professor A. Richard Diebold de Estudos Indo-Europeus e Professor de Linguística na Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles. É especialista nas línguas do ramo indo-europeu anatoliano, sobre o qual tem desenvolvido importante trabalho. Para além de ter assinado mais de cem artigos, entre as monografias que publicou contam-se: Anatolian Historical Phonology (1994), A Dictionary of the Lycian Language, Lycian Lexicon (1993). Recentemente, foi autor, a par de Harry A. Hoffner, Jr., da obra monumental A Grammar of the Hittite Language (2008). O seu Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon (1993), bem como os seus corpora de textos em luvita cuneiforme, lídio e lício estão disponíveis online. H. Craig Melchert é um defensor da publicação online, pelo que também muitos dos seus artigos podem ser consultados na Internet, através da sua página pessoal: http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert/Index.htm.

REMARKS ON THE KUTTAMUWA INSCRIPTION H. CRAIG MELCHERT [email protected]

ABSTRACT A funerary stele dating to the 8th century BCE has recently been found at Zincirli (ancient Sam‘al). The deceased – who bears a Luvian name (KTMW, to be read approximately as Kuttamuwa) – states in the Aramaic inscription that his soul resides in the stele itself. The concept of an immortal soul separated from the body, unfamiliar to the Semitic peoples, reflects Hittite and Luvian beliefs in a 1st millennium Neo-Hittite state. The new text asserts the belief that the soul could abide in the funerary stele, an idea that is probably the outcome of a cultural synthesis in the area of Syro-Anatolian interaction. RESUME On a découvert récemment une stèle funéraire à Zincirli (anc. Sam‘al), datée au 8ème siècle av. J.-C. Le défunt, qui porte un nom louvite (KTMW, à lire à peu près Kuttamuwa), déclare dans l’inscription araméenne que son âme réside dans la stèle même. Le concept d’une âme immortelle séparée du corps, alien aux peuples sémitiques, reflète des croyances hittites et louvites dans un état néo-hittite du premier millénaire. Le nouveau texte affirme la croyance que l’âme pouvait résider dans la stèle funéraire, une idée qui résulte probablement d’une synthèse culturelle dans la zone d’interaction syro-anatolienne.



5(0$5.6217+(.877$08:$,16&5,37,21

,WZDVDQQRXQFHGLQODWHWKDWDUFKDHRORJLVWVIURPWKH2ULHQWDO ,QVWLWXWHRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJRKDGGLVFRYHUHGDQHZVWHOHDW WKHVLWHRI=LQFLUOLDQFLHQW6DP·DO LQVRXWKFHQWUDO7XUNH\QRWIDU IURPWKHERUGHUZLWK6\ULD 'DWHGWRWKHHLJKWKFHQWXU\%&(WKH VWHOHUHSUHVHQWVWKHIXQHUDOPRQXPHQWRIRQH.XWWDPXZDZKRLQ WKHWH[WLQVFULEHGRQWKHVWHOHLQGLFDWHVWKDWKHKDGWKHPRQXPHQW EXLOWZKLOHVWLOOOLYLQJDQGDOVRUHIHUVWR¶P\VRXOWKDWLVLQWKLVVWHOH· ,Q WKH LQLWLDO DQQRXQFHPHQW FLWHG DERYH 'DYLG 6FKORHQ SURSHUO\ HPSKDVL]HV WKDW WKH VWHOH ´YLYLGO\ GHPRQVWUDWHV WKDW ,URQ $JH 6DP·DO ORFDWHG LQ WKH ERUGHU ]RQH EHWZHHQ $QDWROLD DQG 6\ULD LQKHULWHGERWK6HPLWLFDQG,QGR(XURSHDQFXOWXUDOWUDGLWLRQVµDQG DGGV FDUHIXOO\ WKDW ´.XWWXPXZD·V LQVFULSWLRQ VKRZV D IDVFLQDWLQJ PL[WXUH RI QRQ6HPLWLF DQG 6HPLWLF FXOWXUDO HOHPHQWV LQFOXGLQJ D EHOLHI LQ WKH HQGXULQJ KXPDQ VRXO³ZKLFK GLG QRW LQKDELW WKH ERQHV RI WKH GHFHDVHG DV LQ WUDGLWLRQDO 6HPLWLF WKRXJKW«µ >HPSKDVLV PLQH +&0@ )LQDOO\ KH FRUUHFWO\ LGHQWLILHV WKH WUXH QRYHOW\ RI WKHLQVFULSWLRQ DV ´WKH EHOLHIWKDWWKH HQGXULQJLGHQWLW\ RU ´VRXOµ RI WKH GHFHDVHG LQKDELWHG WKH PRQXPHQW RQ ZKLFK KLV LPDJHZDVFDUYHGDQGRQZKLFKKLVILQDOZRUGVZHUHUHFRUGHGµ +RZHYHU WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH VDPH DQQRXQFHPHQW VWDWHV PLVOHDGLQJO\ WKDW WKH VWHOH ´SURYLGHV WKH ILUVW ZULWWHQ HYLGHQFH LQ WKH UHJLRQ WKDW SHRSOH EHOLHYHG WKH VRXO ZDV VHSDUDWH IURP WKH ERG\µ 7KLV FODLP LV DUJXDEOH HYHQ IRU WKH UHJLRQ RI 6DP·DO EXW IXUWKHUUHDFWLRQVWRWKHQHZWH[WKDYHJRQHHYHQIXUWKHU7KH1HZ