Kokin Wakashu: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry: With ‘Tosa Nikki’ and ‘Shinsen Waka’ 9781503622920

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KOKIN WAKASHU With Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka

Kokin Wakashu -fi-THE FIRST IMPERIAL ANTHOLOGY OF JAPANESE POETRY

Translated and Annotated by

HELEN CRAIG McCULLOUGH

With Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka

STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Stanford, California

Stanford University Press Stanford, California © r98 5 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America Published with the assistance of the National Endowment for the Humanities CIP data appear at the end of the book Stanford University Press publications are distributed exclusively by Stanford University Press within the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central America; they arc distributed exclusively by Cambridge University Press throughout the rest of the world. Original printing r98 5 Last figure below indicates year of this printing: 05 04 03 02 or oo 99 98 97 96

_,_ • TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

This book contains English versions of three tenth-century collections of Japanese poetry (waka). The largest, Kokin wakashii (also Kokinshii, Collection of Early and Modern Japanese Poetry, ca. 905), consists of 1, I I 1 poems selected and meticulously ordered by a committee of four bureaucrats: Kino Tsurayuki (ca. 872-945), ~i no Tomonori (d. before 905?), Mibu no Tadamine (b. ca. 85o?), and Oshikochi Mitsune (d. ca. 925?). The prototype of a long line of imperially commissioned waka anthologies, it constitutes an aesthetic statement of unique importance in the history of Japanese literature. The second collection, Tosa nikki (A Tosa Journal, ca. 9 3 5 ), is both a travel diary, describing a journey from Tosa Province to the capital by a retiring provincial Governor and his retinue, and a group of fifty-six poems, attributed in the text to various members of the party but actually written by the author himself, Ki no Tsurayuki, who was also the principal Kokinshil compiler. I have translated it because it illustrates the mature poetic practice of one of the main arbiters of literary taste in the Heian period (794-rr85). The third collection, Shinsen waka (New Selection of Japanese Poetry, ca. 934), was compiled by Tsurayuki in response to an imperial request for a new anthology containing the best of the Kokinshzl poems. Despite the ingenuity with which its 3 6o compositions are arranged, it is difficult to agree that they represent the cream of the parent anthology, or that the collection is the significant literary achievement Tsurayuki envisioned. Like Tosa nikki, however, Shinsen waka deserves attention because it sheds valuable light on Tsurayuki's approach to poetry. (For readers interested in early Heian poetics, Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashii and the Court Style in japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford, Calif., I 98 5, a companion volume to this one, contains detailed discussions of all three works.)

VI

Translator's Preface

Two basic options exist for the translator of classical Japanese poetry. A waka may be treated as a point of departure for a very different poem in another language, or an effort may be made to reproduce content, form, and tone as faithfully as possible. The second method, which seems the more conducive to an understanding of Japanese literature, has been the one adopted here. Unfortunately, it has not produced many poems in English. As Arthur Waley has pointed out, the waka does not emerge from the translation process unscathed or even reasonably intact; it "can only be rightly enjoyed in the original" (Japanese Poetry: The Uta, London, 1946, p. 8). But Waley's proposed alternative to translations- a few months of language study leading to mastery of "the native texts"-will seem impracticable to most people acquainted with the problems involved. For the present, at least, there is a role to be played by these imperfect representations. I hope the ones offered here will be useful enough to compensate in some measure for their shortcomings as literature. For such successes as may have been achieved in the endeavor to preserve original qualities, I should like to acknowledge my indebtedness to Steven D. Carter, who read the entire manuscript and made many stylistic suggestions. The Kokinshu translation is based on the printed edition in Saeki Umetomo, ed., Kokin wakashu, NKBT, Vol. 8, which contains a Japanese preface (kanajo) at the front and a Chinese preface (manajo) at the back, and which reproduces a copy of the anthology derived from one made in I 22 3 by Fujiwara Teika, whose principal source was a version collated by his father, Shunzei, from late Heian manuscripts. The Tosa nikki translation is based on the printed edition in Suzuki Tomotaro et a!., eds., Tosa nikki, NKBT, Vol. 20. For the Shinsen waka poems, the text printed in Kikuchi Yasuhiko, Kokinshu igo ni okeru Tsurayuki (Tokyo, 1980), has been used; for the Shinsen waka preface, Kikuchi and the text printed in Kojima Noriyuki, ed., Honcho monzui, NKBT, Vol. 69, pp. 399-400. Minor editorial changes have been made in romanizing some words: thus n is consistently rendered as mu, mume as ume, etc. H.C.M.

CONTENTS

Abbreviations

lX

Kokin Wakashu Kana Preface

3

COLLECTION OF EARLY AND MODERN JAPANESE POETRY

Mana Preface

I4

256

Tosa Nikki A TOSA JOURNAL

Shinsen Waka Preface

294

NEW SELECTION OF JAPANESE POETRY

Appendixes Kokinshii Authors and Their Poems B. Kokinshii Poems in Shins en Waka

A.

Index of First Lines

373

-fl-ABBREVIATIONS

GSS, SCSS, ShinSIS, ShokuGSS, ShokuKKS, SIS, and SKKS are all in Matsushita Daisaburo and Watanabe Fumio, Kokka taikan. 2 vols. 1907. The place of publication for that work and all others below is Tokyo. GR Hanawa Hokiichi, comp., [Shinko] Gunsho ruijii, ed. Sakamoto Kotara ct al. 24 vols. 1938-39.

GSS Gosenshii HT Tosa nikki, ed. Hagitani Boku, in Nihon koten zensho, Vol. 34· 1950. KKS Kokin wakashzi, ed. Saeki Umetomo, in NKBT, Vol. 8 MYS Man'yoshii, ed. Takagi Ichinosuke et al., in NKBT, Vols. 4-7 NKBT Takagi Ichinosuke et al., eds., Nihon koten bungaku taikei. 102 vols. 1958-68. SCSS Shin chokusenshii ShinSIS Shin shiiishii ShokuGSS Shoku gosenshii ShokuKKS Shoku kokinshii SIS Shiiishii SKKS Shinkokinshii SW Shinsen waka, in Kikuchi Yasuhiko, Kokinshii igo ni okeru Tsurayuki. 1980. ZKT Matsushita Daisaburo, Zoku kokka taikan. 2 vols. 1963.

Kokin Wakashii

• -w-

• -wKANA PREFACE

Japanese poetry has the human heart as seed and myriads of words as leaves. It comes into being when men use the seen and the heard to give voice to feelings aroused by the innumerable events in their lives. The song of the warbler among the blossoms, the voice of the frog dwelling in the water- these teach us that every living creature sings. It is song that moves heaven and earth without effort, stirs emotions in the invisible spirits and gods, brings harmony to the relations between men and women, and calms the hearts of fierce warriors. Our poetry appeared at the dawn of creation.(1 11 But that which survives goes back to Shitateruhime 121 in the eternal heavens and to Susanoo-no-mikoto on the ore-rich earth. In the era of the mighty gods, the number of syllables in a poem was unregulated and statements were artless, so that it must have been difficult to grasp nuances of meaning. When the human era began, Susanoo-no-mikoto introduced the thirtyone-syllable poem.u' Thenceforth, conceptions and words became multifold and diverse as poets praised blossoms, admired birds, felt emotion at the sight of haze, and grieved over dew. As a long journey begins with an initial step and continues for months or years, or as a high mountain grows from the dust and mud at its base to tower where heavenly clouds trail, so too must it have been with poetry. The Naniwazu poem was composed at the beginning of an imperial reign; 141 the Asakayama poem is a playful poem composed by a palace attendant. 151 Those two are, as it were, the father and mother of poetry, the first lines we learn in calligraphy practice. Now, there are six Japanese poetic styles. (No doubt the same is true of 1. Superscript figures in parentheses indicate translations of the notes of an anonymous early commentator; they appear at the end of this preface, p. 8. The other notes are mine.

• -wKANA PREFACE

Japanese poetry has the human heart as seed and myriads of words as leaves. It comes into being when men use the seen and the heard to give voice to feelings aroused by the innumerable events in their lives. The song of the warbler among the blossoms, the voice of the frog dwelling in the water- these teach us that every living creature sings. It is song that moves heaven and earth without effort, stirs emotions in the invisible spirits and gods, brings harmony to the relations between men and women, and calms the hearts of fierce warriors. Our poetry appeared at the dawn of creation.(1 11 But that which survives goes back to Shitateruhime 121 in the eternal heavens and to Susanoo-no-mikoto on the ore-rich earth. In the era of the mighty gods, the number of syllables in a poem was unregulated and statements were artless, so that it must have been difficult to grasp nuances of meaning. When the human era began, Susanoo-no-mikoto introduced the thirtyone-syllable poem.u' Thenceforth, conceptions and words became multifold and diverse as poets praised blossoms, admired birds, felt emotion at the sight of haze, and grieved over dew. As a long journey begins with an initial step and continues for months or years, or as a high mountain grows from the dust and mud at its base to tower where heavenly clouds trail, so too must it have been with poetry. The Naniwazu poem was composed at the beginning of an imperial reign; 141 the Asakayama poem is a playful poem composed by a palace attendant. 151 Those two are, as it were, the father and mother of poetry, the first lines we learn in calligraphy practice. Now, there are six Japanese poetic styles. (No doubt the same is true of 1. Superscript figures in parentheses indicate translations of the notes of an anonymous early commentator; they appear at the end of this preface, p. 8. The other notes are mine.

4

Kokin W akashu

Chinese poetry.) The first of the six is the indirect style [soeuta; C. {eng]. In the poem below, someone speaks obliquely of the 6sasagi Emperor. .

.

namwazu m saku ya ko no hana fuyugomori ima wa harube to saku ya ko no hana

Flowers on the trees in bloom at Naniwazu say, "Now the winter yields its place to the springtime!" Flowers blooming on the trees.

The second is the enumerative style [kazoeuta; C. fu]. It is illustrated in the poem below. saku hana ni omoitsuku mi no ajiki nasa mi ni itazuki no iru mo shirazute

What a foolish thrush! Enthralled by blossoming flowers, he has no knowledge of the arrow someone shoots to penetrate his body. 16l

The third is the figurative style [nazuraeuta; C. bi]. It is used in the poem below. kimi ni kesa ashita no shimo no okite inaba koishiki goto ni kie ya wataramu

If on this morning you go your way and leave me as frost leaves the sky, will my spirit melt in grief each time I long to see you? 9) Ume no hana/sakite no nochi n(} (ro66) Ume no hana/sore to mo miezu (334) Ume no hana/tachiyoru bakari (35) Ume no ka no (336) Ura chikaku (326) Uramite mo (8q) Ureshiki o (865) Utatane ni ( 5 S3) Utsusemi no/kara wa ki goto ni (448) Utsusemi no/yo ni mo nitaru ka (73) Utsusemi no/yo no hito goto no (716)

Utsusemi wa (83r) Utsutsu ni wa (656) Wabibito no/sumubeki yado to (985) Wabibito no/wakite tachiyoru (292) Wabihatsuru (Sq) Wabinureba/mi o ukikusa no (938) Wabinureba/shiite wasuremu to (569) Wabishira ni (ro67) Wa ga gotoku/mono ya kanashiki (578) Wa ga gotoku/ware o omowamu (750) Wa ga io wa/miwa no yamamoto (982) Wa ga io wa/miyako no tatsumi (983) Wa ga kado ni (208) Wa ga kado no/itai no shimizu (1079) Wa ga kado no/wasata no ine mo (I II8) Wa ga kimi wa (343) Wa ga kitsuru (29 5) Wa ga koi ni (590) Wa ga koi o/hito shirurame ya (504) Wa ga koi o/shinobikanete wa (668) Wa ga koi wa/miyamagakure no (560) Wa ga koi wa/munashiki sora ni (488) Wa ga koi wa/shiranu yamaji ni (597) Wa ga koi wa/yomu tomo tsukiji (kanajo) Wa ga koi wa/yukue mo shirazu (6tr) Wa ga kokoro (878) Wa ga matanu (338) Wa ga mi kara (960) Wa ga norishi (1135) Wa ga seko ga/koromo harusame (25) Wa ga seko ga/koromo no suso o (171) Wa ga seko ga/kubeki yoi nari (r IIo) Wa ga seko o (ro89) Wa ga sode ni (763) Wa ga sono no (498) Wa ga tame ni (I 86) Wa ga ue ni (863) Wa ga yado ni (12o) Wa ga yado no/hana fumishidaku (442) Wa ga yado no/hana migatera ni (67) Wa ga yado no/ike no fujinami (135) Wa ga yado no/kiku no kakine ni (564) Wa ga yado wa/michi mo naki made (no) Wa ga yado wa/yuki furishikite (322) Wa ga yowai (346) Wagimoko ni (rro7) Wakare cho (381) Wakare o ba (393) Wakarete wa (372) Wakaruredo (399) Wakuraba ni (962) Ware mite mo (905) Ware nomi ya/ aware to omowamu (244) Ware nomi ya/yo o uguisu to (798)

Kokin Wakashu Ware nomi zo (612) Ware o kimi (973) Ware o nomi (1040) Ware o omou (1041) Ware wa kesa (4 3 6) Warinaku mo (570) Wasuraremu (996) Wasurarurulmi o ujibashi no (825) Wasurarurultoki shi nakereba (514) Wasuregusalkare mo ya suru to (801) Wasuregusalnani o ka tane to (802) Wasuregusaltane toramashi o (765) Wasurenamu (719) Wasurenamu to (718) Wasurete wa (970) Wata no haralyasoshima kakete (407) Wata no haralyosekuru nami no (912) Watatsuumi nolhama no masago o (344) Watatsuumi nolkazashi ni saseru (911) Watatsuumi nolokitsu shioai ni (910) Watatsuumi nolwa ga mi kosu nami (816) Watatsuumi to (733) Yado chikaku (34) Yadori seshilhanatachibana mo (1 55) Yadori seshilhito no katami ka (240) Yadori shite (1 17) Yamabuki no (1012) Yamabuki wa (123) Yamada moru (3o6) Yamagatsu no (742) Yamagawa ni (303) Yamagawa no (woo) Yama kakusu (4 I 3) Yamakaze ni (394) Yama no i no (764) Yamashina nolotowa no taki no (1109) Yamashina nolotowa no yama no (664) Yamashiro no (759) Yama takamilhito mo susamenu (5o) Yama takamilkumoi ni miyuru (3 58) Yama takamilmitsutsu wa ga koshi (87) Yama takamilshita yuku mizu no (494) Yama takamiltsune ni arashi no (446) Yamazakuralkasumi no rna yori (479) Yamazakuralwa ga mini kureba (51) Yamazato walaki koso koto ni (2 I 4) Yamazato walfuyu zo sabishisa (3 I 5) Yamazato walmono no wabishiki (944) Yayoya mate (I 52) Yodogawa no (721) Yoi no rna mo (561) Yoi no rna ni (1059) Yoi yoi nilmakura sadamemu (516) Yoi yoi nilnugite wa ga nuru (593)

Yo ni furebalkoto no ha shigeki (958) Yo ni furebalusa koso masare (951) Yo no naka nilfurinuru mono wa (890) Yo no naka nilizura wa ga mi no (943) Yo no naka nilsaranu wakare no (901) Yo no naka ni I taete sakura no (53) Yo no naka nolhito no kokoro wa (795) Yo no naka nolukeku ni akinu (954) Yo no naka noluki mo tsuraki mo (941) Yo no naka noluki tahi goto ni (ro61) Yo no naka o (949) Yo no naka walika ni kurushi to (ro62) Yo no naka walizure ka sashite (987) Yo no naka walkaku koso arikere (475) Yo no naka walmukashi yori ya wa (948) Yo no naka walnani ka tsune naru (933) Yo no naka walyume ka utsutsu ka (942) Yo no ukime (955) Yo o itoi (ro68) Yo o samumilkoromo karigane (211) Yo o samumiloku hatsushimo o (416) Yo o sutete (9 56) Yorozuyo o (3 56) Yorube nami (619) Yoshinogawaliwa kiritoshi (492) Yoshinogawaliwanami takaku (471) Yoshinogawalkishi no yamabuki (124) Yoshinogawalmizu no kokoro wa (651) Yoshinogawalyoshi ya hito koso (794) Yosonagara (1054) Yoso ni mite (1 I9) Yoso ni nomilaware to zo mishi (37) Yoso ni nomilkikamashi mono o (749) Yoso ni nomilkoi ya wataramu (383) Yoso ni shire (541) Yo to tomo ni (573) Yo ya kuraki (154) Yugure no (392) Yiigure wa (484) Yuki furebalfuyugomori seru (323) Yuki furebalki goto ni hana zo (337) Yuki furitelhito mo kayowanu (329) Yuki furiteltoshi no kurenuru (340) Yukikaeri (785) Yuki no uchi ni (4) Yuki to mite (1u5) Yuki to nomi (86) Yuku mizu ni I kaze no fukiiruru (I I I 4) Yuku mizu nilkazu kaku yori mo (522) Yuku toshi no (342) Yumeji ni mo (574) Yumeji ni wa (658) Yume ni danilau koto kataku (767) Yume ni danilmiyu to wa mieji (681) Yume no uchi ni (525)

Index of First Lines Yume to koso (834) Yu sareba/hito naki roko o (8r5) Yu sareba/hotaru yori ke ni (562) Yu sareba/itodo higataki (545)

Yu sareba/koromode samushi (317) Yuzukuyo/obotsukanaki o (417) Yuzukuyo/ogura no yama ni (3 12) Yuzukuyo/sasu ya okabe no (490)

Tosa Nikki Amakumo no (53) Aounabara (Abe no Nakamaro; following 22) Aru mono to (4) Asajiu no (7)

Nakarishi mo (5o) Nami to nomi (26) Obotsukana (31) . Oikaze no (28) Omoiyaru (u) 0 o yorite (36) Oshi to omou (5)

Chihayaburu (44) Chiyo hetaru (48) Fuku kaze no (30)

Sao sasedo (6) Sazarenami (51) Shimo dani mo (17) Shirotae no (2) Suminoe ni (43)

Hiku fune no (35) Hi o dani mo (29) Hisakata no (52) Ima mite zo (42) Inorikuru (4 r) Isofuri no ( 20) Itsu shi ka to (45)

Tamakushige (34) Tateba tatsu (I 6) Tatsu nami o (22) Teo hidete (39) Teru tsuki no (Io) Toku to omou (47) Toshigoro o (33)

Kage mireba (I 9) Katsuragawa (54) Kaze ni yoru (21) Kimi koite (49) Ki to kite wa (46) Kogite yuku (25) Kumo mo mina (15) Kyo naredo (32)

Umareshi mo (55) Wa ga kami no (24) Wasuregai (38) Watatsuumi no (27)

Makoto nite ( I3) Minasoko no (I8) Mishi hito no (56) Miwataseba (12) Miyako e to (3) Miyako idete (I) Miyako nite (23)

Yo no naka ni/omoiyaredomo (14) Yo no naka ni/taete sakura no (Ariwara Narihira; following 47) Yosuru nami (37) Yukedo nao (40) Yuku hito mo (9) Yuku saki ni (8)

Shinsen Waka Aiminu mo (335) Akanaku ni (266) Akazu shite/tsuki no kakururu (264) Akazu shite/wakaruru namida (193) Akihagi no (38)

Akikaze ni (I 8) Akikaze no (98) Aki kinu to (2) Aki kureba (3 I 7) Aki narade (So)

Shinsen Waka Aki no no nilrnichi rno rnadoinu (32) Aki no no niloku shiratsuyu wa (76) Aki nota no (3o5) Aki no tsuyu (40) Aki o okite (102) Arnabiko no (326) Arnakurno no (283) Arna no hara (182) Arna no karu (350) Arna no kawa (26o) Arna no surnu (292) Arnatsukaze (216) Arne fureba (66) Ana koishi (269) Aoyagi no (61) Arenikeri (270) Arihatenu (334) Arisoumi no (295) Asajiu no (325) Asaki se zo (223) Asamidori (59) Asanake ni (322) Ashigarno no (249) Ashihlki no I yamahototogisu ( r 3 5) Ashihiki nolyarna no anata ni (344) Ashihiki nolyarnashitarnizu no (209) Ashitazu no (272) Asu kara wa (23) Asu shiranu (170) Au koto no (263) Aware cholkoto dani naku wa (241) Aware cholkoto koso utate (343) Aware cho/koto ni shirushi wa (323) Aware cholkoto no ha goto ni (332) Ayanakute (259) Azusayurni (27) Chigirikemu (20) Chihayaburu/karno no yashiro no(35I) Chihayaburulkarnunabiyarna no (54) Chi no narnida (I64) Chiru ga ue ni (r 11) Chiru hana no (77) Furusato no (274) Furusato to (63) Furusato walrnishi goto rno arazu (294) Furusato walyoshino no yarna shi (I32) Furu yuki wa (146) Fushite ornoi (171) Futatsu naki (230) Fuyugomori (156) Fuyu kureba (I44l Fuyu sarnurni (I34)

Hana rno rnina (I15) Hana no chiru (109) Hana no iro wa (55) Han anoka o (I 5) Hana yori mo (I72) Harugasurnilkasurnite inishi (3 6) Harugasurni/tateru ya izuko (3) Harugasurni/tatsu o rnisutete (35) Haru goto nilkazoekoshi rna ni (5) Haru goto nilnagaruru kawa o (89) Haru no kiru (73) Haru no yo no (21) Harusarne ni (95) Haru ya toki (I3) Higurashi no (34) Hikari naki (290) Hisakata nolarnatsusora ni mo (203) Hisakata noltsuki no katsura rno (64) Hisashiku rno (353) Hitornoto to (1o8) Hito shirenu (265) Hito shirezulrnono o ornoeba (275) Hito shirezulornou kokoro wa (202) Hito shirezulyarninarnashikaba (273) Hito wa isa (281) Hitoyari no (I85) Honobono to (340) Hototogisulmatsu ni yo fukenu (143) Hototogisulnaku ya satsuki no (211) lkubaku mo (22o) Ikuyo heshi (358) Irna koso are (352) Irnasara niltoubeki hito mo (3 13) lmasara ni/yarna e kaeru na (1 55) !rna wa tote (289) !rna zo shiru (302) lrno ga hirno (62) lnishie ni (169) Inochi dani (I99) lro kawaru (II o) Iro rniede (29I) lro rno naki (293) Iro nashi to (238) Ise no urni no (329) Isonokarni I furuki rniyako no ( I3 I) lsonokarni/furuno no rnichi rno (307) lsonokarni/furu to rno arne ni (267) Itsu wa to wa (Io) Iwa no ue ni (34I) lza kyo wa (57) Izuku ni ka (284) Kaku shitsutsu (330) Karnenoo no (I67)

Index of First Lines Karninazuki/shigure furiokeru (308) Karninazuki/shigure rno irnada (124) Karninazuki/shigure no arne wa (126) Karninazuki/shigure to torno ni (130) Karnunabi no (58) Karakororno (198) Karikurashi (190) Kari no kuru (254) Kasugano ni (175) Kasugano no/tobuhi no nornori (25) Kasugano no/wakana tsurni ni ya (31) Katsu koete (187) Katsu rniredo (228) Kawano se ni (219) Kawazu naku/ide no yamabuki (99) Kawazu naku/karnunabigawa ni (93) Kaze fukeba (258) Kaze no ue ni (354) Kazukazu ni (176) Kenu ga ue ni (154) Kimi ga tame/haru no no ni idete (29) Kimi ga tame/omou kokoro no (177) Kirni to ieba (257) Kino koso (6) Kino to ii (r58) Kita e yuku (200) Kite mo rnimu (ro6) Koe taezu (II 9) Koikoite/au yo wa koyoi (q) Koikoite/rnakura sadamemu (345) Koi seji to (355) Koishiki rno (349) Koishiki ni (245) Koishiku wa (56) Kokichirasu (2r8) Koko ni shite (278) Kokoroate ni (roo) Kokorogae (225) Korna narnete (79) Kornu yo ni rno (247) Ko no rna yori/kage norni rniyuru (253) Ko no rna yori/ochikuru tsuki no (24) Kono tabi wa (192) Kotoshi yori (37) Koyoi komu (r6) Kurabuyarna (148) Mataba nao (309) Mezurashiki ( r 39) Michinoku no (227) Michi shiraba/tazune mo yukamu (116} Michi shiraba/tsurni ni rno yukamu (339) Midori naru (107) Miewataru (179) Minahito wa (226)

Miru hito rno/naki yamazato no (49) Miru hito rno/nakute chirinuru (82) Mite norni ya (47) Miwa no yarna (357) Mi wa sutetsu (328) Miwataseba (sr) Miyakobito (346) Miyako idete (r88) Miyako made (262) Miyarna ni wa (128) Miyoshino no (41) Mornijiba no (114) Mornijiba o (112) Morniji senu (12) Mononofu no (300) Muradori no (271) Musubu te no (197) Nagarekuru (3 ro) Nagarete rno (288) Nagarete wa (360) Naki hito no (174) Nakiwataru (88) Naku narnida (r62) Nami kakete (84) Na ni shi owaba (194) Naniwagata/ono ga tamoto o (276) Naniwagata/shio michikureba (214) Nanuka yuku (231) Natsukoromo (qr) Natsu no hi o (149) Natsu no yo ni (151) Natsu no yo wa/fusu ka to sureba (137) Natsu no yo wa/mada yoi nagara (159) Nayotake no (240) Nete rno miyu (r68) Nukirnidasu (2ro) Nurete hosu (94) Nushi ya tare (348) Oaraki no (304) Ogi no ha no (8) Oki mo sezu (239) Oku shimo ni (319) Orninaeshi (72) Ornoiizuru/tokiwa no yama no/hototogisu (133) Ornoiizuru/tokiwa no yama no/iwatsutsuji (337) Ornoiki ya (234) Ornoitsutsu (299) Omoiyaru (333) Omoudochi (28o) Ornou torno (331) Ornou yori (268)

Shinsen W aka Onaji e ni (52) Oribito no (92.) Orite mo mi (97) Osaka no (342.) Oshi to omou (75) Osoku izuru (2.86) Oto ni nomi (2.05) Otowayama (I 8 3) Sakidatanu (I8o) Sakisomeshi (Io4) Sakurabana/chiraba chiranamu (?I) Sakurabana/chirinuru kaze no (85) Sakurabana/mikasa no yama no (87) Sakurabana/sakinikerashi na (39) Sakurabana I shizuku ni wa ga mi (53) Sakura chiru I han a no tokoro wa (I I 3) Sakura chiru/ko no shitakaze wa (8I) Sakurairo ni/koromo wa fukaku (65) Sakurairo ni/masaru iro naki (67) Saoshika no (6o) Saoyama no (7o) Satsuki koba ( 12.5) Satsuki matsu I hanatachibana no (I 27) Satsuki matsu/yamahototogisu (I2.3) Semi no koe (I 53) Shikari tote (248) Shima no tate (74) Shinobureba (wi) Shio miteba (279) Shio no yama (I65) Shirakumo ni (44) Shirakumo no (42) Shiratama ka (359) Shiratsuyu no (68) Shirayuki no (I so) So de hijite (I) Sokoi naki ( 2 sr) Sore o dani (277) Suminoe no (22I) Sumiyoshi no (296) Sumiyoshi to (2.98) Tachikaeri (2I7) Tachiwakare (I8I) Ta ga misogi (2I2) Ta ga tame ni (312) Ta ga tame no (46) Tamahoko no (244) Tamakazura (5o) Tare o ka mo (204) Tatsutagawa/momijiba nagaru (78) Tatsutagawa/momiji midarete (118) Tatsutagawa/nishiki orikaku (I2.2) Tokiwa naru (I I)

Tokonatsu no (I 57) Toshi fureba (91) Toshi goto ni/au to wa suredo (22) Toshi goto ni/nakite mo nani zo (II?) Tou hito mo (7) Tsukiyo ni wa (2.85) Tsunade hiku (26I) Tsune mo naki (145) Tsu no kuni no (2I 3) Tsurenaki o (235) Tsurezure to (I47) Tsutsumedomo (347) Tsuyu dani mo (287) Tsuyu nagara (96) Tsuyu o nado (I78) Ume ga e ni (I9) Ume no hana/niou harube wa (9) Ume no hana/yuki ni majirite (I36) Unohana mo (12.9) Ura chikaku (I42) Ureshiki o (316) Utsurowamu (26) Utsusemi no (306) Utsusemi wa (r66) Wabihatsuru (327) Wabinureba (246) Wa ga iowa (315) Wa ga kimi wa (r6r) Wa ga kitsuru (86) Wa ga koi o (237) Wa ga koi wa/hito shirurame ya (243) Wa ga koi wa/munashiki sora ni (229) Wa ga kokoro (256) Wa ga mi kara (282) Wa ga seko ga/kimaserikeri na (3 I8) Wa ga seko ga/koromo harusame (33) Wa ga tame ni (30) Wa ga ue ni (206) Wa ga yado ni (I03) Wa ga yado no/hitomura susuki (32I) Wa ga yado no/ike no fujinami (12.I) Wagimoko ga (4) Wakana tsumu (356) Wakare o ba (I9I) Wakaruredo (I95) Wakuraba ni (3 I4) Ware mite mo (232) Ware shinaba (336) Wasuraremu (338) Wasuraruru (3oi) Wasuregataki (I73) Wasuregusa (303) Wata no hara/yasoshima kakete (I86)

Index of First Lines Wata no hara/yosekuru nami no (222) Watatsuumi no/hama no masago o (163) Watatsuumi no/kazashi ni saseru (224) Watatsuumi no/okitsu shioai ni (250) Watatsuumi no/soko no kokoro wa (233) Yamagawa ni (90) Yama no ha ni/isayou tsuki o (320) Yama no ha ni/oreru nishiki o (48) Yama takami (43) Yamazakura (45) Yamazatowa (252) Yo no naka ni/furinuru mono wa (208) Yo no naka ni/taete itsuwari (3 11) Yo no naka ni/taete sakura no (69) Yo no naka no/ukeku ni akinu (324) Yo no naka no/uki mo tsuraki mo (236) Yo no naka wa (242)

Yo o samumi/koromo karigane (28) Yo o samumi/oku hatsushimo o (196) Yoshinogawa/iwanami takaku (207) Yoshinogawa/kishi no yamabuki (ro1) Yoso ni mite (105) Yiigure no (189) Yuki fureba (138) Yukikaeri (297) Yuki no uchi ni/haru wa kinikeri (17) Yuki no uchi ni/miyuru tokiwa wa (152) Yuku mizu ni (83) Yuku toshi no (160) Yii sareba/kumo no hatate ni (215) Yii sareba/sao no kawase no (qo) Yii sareba/yado ni fusuburu (25 5) Yiizukuyo/obotsukanaki o (184) Yiizukuyo/ogura no yama ni (120)

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Kokin wakashu. Includes index. 1. Waka. 2. Japanese poetry-Heian period, 794-1 I 8 5. I. McCullough, Helen Craig. II. Ki, Tsurayuki, d. 945 or 6. Tosa nikki. English. 1985. III. Shinsen waka. English. I 98 5. IV. Title: Tosa nikki. PL758.22.A3 I985 895.6'rr'o8 84-50756 ISBN 0-8047-1258-I