Jewish Arabic Literature: An Introduction 9781463213589

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JEWISH ARABIC LITERATURE

Jewish Arabic Literature An Introduction

MORITZ STEINSCHNEIDER

GORGIAS PRESS 2008

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2008 The special contents of this edition are copyright © 2008 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey This edition is a facsimile reprint of the original edition published in The Jewish Quarterly Review, New York, Vols. 913, 1897-1901.

ISBN 978-1-59333-858-9

GORGIAS PRESS 46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standards. Printed in the United States of America

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ....................................................................................... v PART ONE: The Names of the Jews 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Introduction......................................................................................... 1 The Arabic Names of Persons.......................................................... 4 Arabic Names of the Jews ................................................................. 7 The Jews in Arabia.............................................................................. 9 Some Classes of Names ................................................................... 17 Biblical Names................................................................................... 18 Translations........................................................................................ 20 Muhammed, Ismaïl, Israïl ................................................................ 22 Byname—Kunya............................................................................... 26 Abu...................................................................................................... 29 The Historical Kunya ....................................................................... 31 Non-Biblical Combinations............................................................. 39 List of Kunyas ................................................................................... 43 Family Names.................................................................................... 44 Ibn (Aben).......................................................................................... 45 Jahudi (Jehudi) Israïli ........................................................................ 47 Gentilicia and Patronymica.............................................................. 50 Hebrew Abstracta ............................................................................. 51 Sundry Remarks ................................................................................ 52 Alphabetical List of Arabic Names ................................................ 54 ʠ ........................................................................................................ 55 ʡ ........................................................................................................ 58 ʢ ........................................................................................................ 64 ʣ ........................................................................................................ 68 ʤ ........................................................................................................ 72 ʥ ........................................................................................................ 76 ʦ ........................................................................................................ 77 ʧ ........................................................................................................ 79 ʨ ........................................................................................................ 92 ʩ ........................................................................................................ 96 ʫ ......................................................................................................100 ʬ ......................................................................................................106 ʮ ......................................................................................................109 v

ʰ ......................................................................................................128 ʱ ......................................................................................................134 ʲ ......................................................................................................154 ʴ ......................................................................................................179 ʶ ......................................................................................................190 ʷ ......................................................................................................194 ʸ ......................................................................................................201 ʹ .....................................................................................................207 ʺ ......................................................................................................214 20 A. Supplement to Alphabetical Names List...............................219 ʠ ......................................................................................................221 ʡ ......................................................................................................224 ʢ ......................................................................................................227 ʣ ......................................................................................................228 ʤ ......................................................................................................230 ʥ ......................................................................................................230 ʦ ......................................................................................................231 ʧ ......................................................................................................232 ʨ ......................................................................................................234 ʩ ......................................................................................................235 ʫ ......................................................................................................236 ʬ ......................................................................................................238 ʮ ......................................................................................................239 ʰ ......................................................................................................242 ʱ ......................................................................................................243 ʲ ......................................................................................................244 ʴ ......................................................................................................246 ʶ ......................................................................................................248 ʷ ......................................................................................................248 ʸ ......................................................................................................251 ʹ .....................................................................................................252 ʺ ......................................................................................................253 20 B. Names of Tunisic Jews with Explanatory Notes .................253 20 C. Names of Jews of the Ottoman Empire ...............................254 20 Dubious Names ..............................................................................255 PART TWO: 21 Use of the Arabic Language amogst the Jews ............................256 22 Customs, Institutions, and Designations.....................................258 23 Position of the Jews........................................................................263

vi

24 The Mohammedan Law as to the Treatment of Jews (and Christians) ......................................................................................263 25 The Knowledge of the Arabic Literature among the Jews .......270 26 (Excursus: Arabic Literature of the Christians)..........................270 27 Writings of Mohammedan Arabic Authors Written in Hebrew Hebrew Characters .......................................................................274 28 Mohammedans and Christians Taken for Jews and the Contrary..........................................................................................277 29 The Arabic Works Known to the Jews .......................................279 30 Other Branches ...............................................................................280 31 Poetry................................................................................................282 32 Collections of Books ......................................................................287 33 The Writing in Arabic Characters.................................................288 34 The Position of the Jewish-Arabic Scholars, and especially their Relationship to the Mohammedans ...........................................291 35 Jewish Physicians ............................................................................293 36 Mathematicians................................................................................307 37 Personal Intercourse between Jews and Arabs...........................313 38 The Nature of the Arabic Language of the Jews, and Some Remarks of the Jews on the Arabic Language..........................320 39 The Relation between Arabic and Jewish Literature .................327 40 Conclusion, Different Branches ...................................................328 41 I. Poetry ............................................................................................329 42 II. Hebrew Philology ......................................................................330 43 III. Exegesis .....................................................................................339 44 IV. Philosophy and Dramas ..........................................................342 45 V. Halacha (Law).............................................................................348 Corrections and Additions Part I .................................................................................................352 Part II................................................................................................372 Summary (with Original Volume and Pagination References).........373 Indexes......................................................................................................376

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