Introductory Hindi Readings [Reprint 2016 ed.] 9781512814316

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Introductory Hindi Readings

Introductory

Hindi Readings by Ernest Bender with Theodore Riccardi, Jr.

Θ U N I V E R S I T Y OF P E N N S Y L V A N I A PRESS PHILADELPHIA

C o p y r i g h t © 1971 bv the Trustees of the U n i v e r s i t y of Pennsylvania A l l r i g h t s reserved L i b r a r y of Congress C a t a l o g C a r d N u m b e r : 7 5 - 1 3 3 2 0 2 • · ·

T h e research reported herein was p a r t i a l l v p e r f o r m e d pursuant to a contract w i t h the U S O f f i c e of E d u c a t i o n . D e p a r t m e n t of H e a l t h . and W e l f a r e (under the provisions of Section 602. T i t l e V I . Ν D E A )

I S B N : 0-8122-7626-4 M a n u f a c t u r e d in the U n i t e d States of A m e r i c a

Eduiation

Contents

INTRODUCTION THE

SCRIPT

VOWELS CONSONANTS CONJUNCT

χι

XI XII XIII

CONSONANTS

NUMERALS

XXVII

XIV

t^r^Kli

* *

3

ifr^r

* 4 ^ r ^ r ®ncT%cT

ι ^

^τ ^ r t ξ. ί τ ^ τ ^ ^

«HdShcf

1

^ «tid^d

£·

**

^ r «Ud$hd

^o. ^r i f e ^ r

^

ξ Τ 2.1 Vowels: There are two sets of vowel characters, one used for vowels in initial position or following another vowel, and another for vowels in medial or final position, i.e. after a consonant. These characters are: Initial:

a

or

3T, a

m

or d r δ

δ Medial:

τ

au

or^TT . 2

or

^

au

"Τ

δ

Ϊ

3

7

r

1

ν » u

au

NOTES: 1. There is no separate character for medial or final a which is inherent in the consonant character, r ^ 2. The medial character T™· i is written before its consonant but pronounced after it, e.g. ^ ^ = ki. 3. Certain vowels, notably ^ r. ^ r, and occur only in Sanskrit loan words and then only rarely.4 4. The medial vowel s i g n s ^ u, and 0, have a special form when combined with the consonant ^ r; thus ru, and rü. The following examples illustrate the above characters written in combination with a consonant: Initial: ak

äk

^ β Β ik

^Έβ Tk

uk

l&m nk

' N o attempt is made here to instruct the student in writing. It is best left to classroom instruction. Expositions of writing methods, however, m a y be f o u n d in Η . H . Lambert's Introduction to the Devanagari Script (reprint, T h e C h o w k h a m b a Vidyabhavan, Banares, 1968); T . W. Clark, Introduction to Nepali (Cambridge: Heffer & Sons, 1963), Section III, pp. 323-326. F o r samples of different styles of printed Nägari, see William Dwight Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar (Cambridge: H a r v a r d University Press, 2nd ed. 1889, reprinted 1960), pp. 516-519. 4

In transcription, τ stands for Sanskrit vocalic r and Hindi intervocalic flap j·.

xiii

INTRODUCTION

^ Γ ^ Ϊ ek Medial:

aik aik

g j j

ök f-N.0'1

T^B

ZfrT

ka

__

^

kö

CN.

kä kä

ΦΓ

ki ki

rk •r'1

^

kl kl

Ψ

kau

auk '

au c

ku ku

^

ψ

kr

kü

kr

ΓΚ. —

)k

^F» ke

kai

k]

2 . 2 . C o n s o n a n t s : T h e c o n s o n a n t s in their basic form are as follows:

ψ

π k

ρ.,·„

kh

^

^

th

I

d

X J ph

XT y

b

τ

c 35ΕΓ ^

^r^ "37T üh^ 5ρ-3Τοπ ^

^TTrT ^Tctt vv.

^ut^V ^Frzr^V

Sh: \

1 JTT

sTTFTof

^

^

«π^τ^τ^τ \ -M

SFTcir H ür

I

^TX^i

- 3 r Ä i c p f W^TTST Ä r Ώ β ι ^ ^ T u r )

: ^ ϊ

^

^ r Ä r j t ^ r , "Si

ι ST^rT

^T^· Ä T C ^ r r S r \ SF2TT

-M^ÄcHI ·. "2Tr eh- ST^rT

^ \

S ^ T ö f TT T ö i r ·.

ift : ö f ^ H I

"^t

ÄcR.

Λ

JIT ?

arTcT

sfcr S ^ I M H I

«ΓξοΓ

Ά SITcT ersFcT cHT

S^r^TclTI ^leti

TR

^RT^s

^ τ ϊ ^ r ^ r

, ^RJT

ai^

CHT " ^ ^ Γ

-err^r

XR^

t i

Är

•—&

^π^Γ

OT^ ΧΓΓ :

w^T ft

SRTSrSr \

Z^cT

fa

>^

xarrqr

Ä

öS

^T^Ä?

\ aR-χτ^Τ

ΏΤ^Τ

I VllV^i

y >Η ΐ ν Αι

I

ι ^

ι c οm -

Μ^Λ

V J

Ä r

Jtrfcf ^ΤΓ :

«ίτΌτττ Μ νίΥ fiT^t

"i^TcW \

? 30ΓΓΞΓ

ί^ΤΤ^

ΟΛΗ

^Τ Ξ*

^α^ «Γ^.

«ΉjL^

V^t

\ eTR

οπιγτγ 55ΓΠΤ

Si^r

Ä

^raY

ι

\ STfrT

:

ΖΓ3ΓΓ

^Sl ^ e r ^ l l ^η·

I

ft,

^

"qrST

^re^r

^

'—3

3=r ^ r

ÄTTcΓ

iSt^zrr ^f

Ο ^rM

e^H

ap^yrff

^Γ :εΓ5Γ

I TJoTT ^ it

^ «SFTgT \ "^ra- "^ΒΠΊί \

^sc

ΤΠ3ΓΓ τ; « w I T I" Μ τ ^ π τ ot^

^rr^Sr

^ τ

Ä «ifrSV

TJU

' S T Q ^ s r t

CLLM-M

XJTT

\

STFCT

JFT^

^R

R

\

M

W

.

R

E

V

CTC-OR

X N :

SRQ^R

1

Η

^

^ T ^ V -§V I

-MICHH

^VTFCT

^ Ϊ ^ Ν ^ Ν

3=T

Η

SÜR

A

Ξ.

^ T