Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control for the Municipal Water Cycle in a River Basin Context: Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach 9780367375270

Table of contents :
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SUMMARY
SAMENVATTING
Table of contents
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM OUTLINE
1.1.1 Increased demand for water resources
1.1.2 Water pollution
1.1.3 Climate Change
1.1.4 Effect of human activities on water resources
1.1.5 Global agendas and approaches for water resources management
1.1.6 Water quality management
1.1.7 Water management and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1.1.8 Scope of this PhD research
1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1.2.1 Overall aim
1.2.2 Specific objectives
1.3 STUDY AREA: UPPER CAUCA RIVER BASIN, COLOMBIA
1.3.1 General characteristics
1.3.2 Water uses and water quality
1.3.3 Strategies for pollution control
1.4 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS
1.5 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
2.1.1 The early history of water and sanitation
2.1.2 Nineteenth and twentieth centuries and ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions
2.1.3 Water quality objectives versus wastewater treatment objectives
2.2 TWENTY FIRST CENTURY AND THE LIMITATIONS OF ‘END-OF-PIPE’ SOLUTIONS
2.2.1 Population growth and urbanization
2.2.2 Urbanization, impermeability and stormwater
2.2.3 Wastewater treatment
2.2.4 Diffuse pollution in urban and rural areas
2.2.5 Micropollutants
2.2.6 Climate change and impact on water resources
2.2.7 Other sources of stress on water systems
2.2.8 Limitations of ‘end-of-pipe’ solutions
2.3 WATER IN CRISIS: SOME CONCEPTS TO SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
2.3.1 Water sustainability
2.3.2 Resilience
2.3.3 Integrated Water Resources Management
2.3.4 Urban water cycle
2.3.5 Integrated Urban Water Management
2.3.6 Household-Centered Environmental Sanitation approach
2.3.7 Ecohydrology
2.3.8 Water governance
2.4. THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH
2.4.1. The concept of Three-Step Strategic Approach
2.4.2 Cleaner production concepts in Urban Water Management
2.4.3 Step 1. Prevention or minimisation of waste production
2.4.4 Step 2. Treatment, recovery and reuse of waste components
2.4.5 Step 3. Disposal of remaining waste with stimulation of natural self-purification
2.5 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
2.5.1 Criteria and methodological tools
2.5.2 Technology selection models for water quality management
2.6 WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE CITY OF THE FUTURE
2.6.1 Sustainable cities, green cities or eco-cities
2.6.3 Blue-Green cities
2.6.2 Water management in traditional cities versus the city of the future
2.6.4 Water Sensitive Urban Design
2.6.5 Toward hydrological and ecological sustainability
2.6.6 Reliable, resilient and sustainable water management: the ‘Safe & SuRe’ approach
2.7 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
2.7.1 From Millennium Development Goal to Sustainable Development Goals
2.7.2 Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all
2.7.3 Governance processes for the Sustainable Development Goals
2.8 RESEARCH GAPS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
2.8.1 Main conclusions form the literature review
2.8.2 Research gaps
2.8.3 Main topics of literature review addressed in this PhD research
2.8.4 Further recommended research
2.9 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3: EVALUATION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION OPTIONS IN THE MUNICIPAL WATER CYCLE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 METHODS
3.2.1 Study area: expansion area Cali-Jamundi corridor
3.2.2 Identification and characterization of alternatives
3.2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
3.2.4 The hierarchy GRA procedure
3.2.5 Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Identification and preliminary selection of minimization and prevention alternatives
3.3.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
3.3.3 Minimization and prevention versus the conventional approach
3.3.4 Economic feasibility indicators
3.3.5 Sensitivity analysis
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.5 CONCLUSIONS
3.6 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO SELECT URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY BASED ON THE THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 METHODS
4.2.1 Definition of thematic blocks
4.2.2 Multi-criteria analysis
4.2.3 Integration of the thematic blocks for the construction of the conceptual framework
4.2.4 Application of the conceptual framework for a case study
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Conceptual framework
4.3.2 Case study: Las Vegas (Cali), Upper-Cauca river basin, Colombia
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.5 CONCLUSIONS
4.6 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5: FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN THREE SUGARCANE PRODUCTION AREAS IN THE UPPER CAUCA RIVER BASIN, COLOMBIA
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
5.2.1 Study area
5.2.2 Case studies
5.2.3 Water balance and irrigation requirement
5.2.4 Available flow for irrigation and cropping area requirements
5.2.5 Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
5.2.6 Sensitivity Analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Water balances and irrigation requirements
5.3.2 Potential area and irrigation flows
5.3.3 Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
5.3.4 Sensitivity analysis
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 CONCLUSIONS
5.6 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: COMPARING DYNAMIC AND STEADY-STATE MODELLING TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON THE CAUCA RIVER
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 METHODOLOGY
6.2.1 Study area
6.2.2 Data collection for steady-state and dynamic conditions
6.2.3 Implementation of the model
6.2.4 Formulation of scenarios
6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.4 CONCLUSIONS
6.5 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7: VALIDATION OF THE THREE-STEP STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR IMPROVING URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT AND WATER RESOURCE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 METHODS
7.2.1 Study area
7.2.2 Baseline conditions-2013
7.2.3 Formulating Strategies: Conventional (‘business as usual scenario’) and Unconventional (3-SSA)
7.2.4 Mathematical modelling to assess the impact of strategies on water quality of the Cauca River
7.2.5 Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
7.3 RESULTS
7.3.1 Impact of strategies on water quality of the Cauca River
7.3.2 Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
7.4 DISCUSSION
7.5 CONCLUSIONS
7.6 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 CONCLUSIONS
8.1.1 Step 1 - Minimization and prevention: Strategies at the household level (Chapter 3)
8.1.2 Step 1 - Minimization and prevention: Strategies at urban drainage level (Chapter 4)
8.1.3 Step 2 - treatment, recovery and reuse of waste components (Chapter 5)
8.1.4 Step 3 - Disposal of waste with stimulation of natural self-purification (Chapter 6)
8.1.5 Sequential implementing of the three steps (Step 1 + Step 2 + Step 3)
8.1.6 Final considerations
8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
8.2.1 Application of the obtained results
8.2.2 Recommendations for further research
8.2.3 Recommendations for continuity of the case studies in the Upper Cauca river basin
CURRICULUM VITAE