Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography [1 ed.] 9781760463786, 9781760463779

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Indigenous self‑determination in Australia

Copyright © 2020. ANU Press. All rights reserved.

Histories and Historiography

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

Copyright © 2020. ANU Press. All rights reserved.

Aboriginal History Incorporated Aboriginal History Inc. is a part of the Australian Centre for Indigenous History, Research School of  Social Sciences, The Australian National University, and gratefully acknowledges the support of the School of History and the National Centre for Indigenous Studies, The  Australian National University. Aboriginal History Inc. is administered by an Editorial Board which is responsible for all unsigned material. Views and opinions expressed by the author are not necessarily shared by Board members. Contacting Aboriginal History All correspondence should be addressed to the Editors, Aboriginal History Inc., ACIH, School of History, RSSS, 9 Fellows Road (Coombs Building), The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, or [email protected]. WARNING: Readers are notified that this publication may contain names or images of deceased persons.

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

Indigenous self‑determination in Australia Histories and Historiography

Copyright © 2020. ANU Press. All rights reserved.

Edited by Laura Rademaker and Tim Rowse

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

  Published by ANU Press and Aboriginal History Inc. The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463779 ISBN (online): 9781760463786 WorldCat (print): 1191862788 WorldCat (online): 1191862595 DOI: 10.22459/ISA.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover artwork: ‘Lightning’ (2017), by Noŋgirrŋa Marawili, Art Gallery of New South Wales

Copyright © 2020. ANU Press. All rights reserved.

This edition © 2020 ANU Press and Aboriginal History Inc.

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

CONTENTS Tables and maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Prefatory note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii How shall we write the history of self‑determination in Australia? . . . . . 1 Laura Rademaker and Tim Rowse

Part One: Self‑determination as a project of colonial authority

1. Self-determination in action: How John Hunter and Aboriginal people in Arnhem Land anticipated official policy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chris Haynes

2. An emerging Protestant doctrine of self‑determination in the Northern Territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Laura Rademaker

3. The Aboriginal pastoral enterprise in self‑determination policy. . . 81 Charlie Ward

4. Unmet potential: The Commonwealth Indigenous managed capital funds and self-determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

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M. C. Dillon

5. After reserves and missions: Discrete Indigenous communities in the self‑determination era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Will Sanders

6. ‘Taxpayers’ money’? ATSIC and the Indigenous Sector. . . . . . . 143 Katherine Curchin and Tim Rowse

Part Two: Self‑determination as an Indigenous project

7. Adult literacy, land rights and self‑determination . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Bob Boughton

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

8. Taking control: Aboriginal organisations and self‑determination in Redfern in the 1970s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Johanna Perheentupa

9. Beyond land: Indigenous health and self-determination in an age of urbanisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Maria John

10. Self-determination’s land rights: Destined to disappoint?. . . . . . 227 Jon Altman

11. ‘Essentially sea-going people’: How Torres Strait Islanders shaped Australia’s border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Tim Rowse

Part Three: Self‑determination as principle of international law and concept in political theory

12. Self-determination under international law and some possibilities for Australia’s Indigenous peoples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Asmi Wood

13. Self-determination with respect to language rights. . . . . . . . . . . 293 Jane Simpson

14. Self-determination through administrative representation: Insights from theory, practice and history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Elizabeth Ganter

15. Who is the self in Indigenous self‑determination?. . . . . . . . . . . . 335

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Sana Nakata

Indigenous Self-Determination in Australia : Histories and Historiography, edited by Laura Rademaker, and Tim Rowse, ANU

TABLES AND MAPS Table 3.1: Northern Territory Aboriginal communities with Aboriginal Cattle Enterprises (ACEs) on Aboriginal freehold or leasehold land with date of title (granted or purchased) prior to 1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Table 3.2: DAA ‘Report on Application for Funds’, 1975, Aboriginal cattle project funding assessment, Muramulla Cattle Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Map 5.1: Geographic distribution of 1,187 discrete Indigenous communities by population size, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Table 5.1: Numbers and populations of discrete Indigenous communities, 1992–2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Table 5.2: Numbers of discrete Indigenous communities reporting resident populations