Identidades E Interculturalidad En Etnografias Reflexivas

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D E N T I D A D E NTERCULTURALIDAD

IDENTIDADES E INTERCULTURALIDAD EN ETNOGRAFÍAS REFLEXIVAS

Editores Lucas Díaz Ledesma Orlando Gabriel Morales Director Carlos Giordano Coordinadores Editoriales

Paula Porta, Bianca Racioppe y Lucas Díaz Ledesma

IDENTIDADES E INTERCULTURALIDAD EN ETNOGRAFÍAS REFLEXIVAS

IDENTIDADES E INTERCULTURALIDAD EN ETNOGRAFÍAS REFLEXIVAS

Editores Lucas Díaz Ledesma y Orlando Gabriel Morales

Director

Carlos Giordano Coordinadores editoriales

Paula Porta, Bianca Racioppe y Lucas Díaz Ledesma

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INTRODUCCIÓN

Identidades e Interculturalidad en Etnografías Reflexivas con Africanos y Afrodescendientes. Un Conversatorio como Instancia de Producción de Conocimiento Por Orlando Gabriel Morales y Lucas Díaz Ledesma

El conversatorio: punto de partida &RPRSDUWHGHOSURJUDPDGHDFWLYLGDGHVGHODxRGHOD/tQHD GH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ,GHQWLGDGHV\6XMHWRVGHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJD FLRQHVHQ&RPXQLFDFLyQ,,&RP)3\&681/3 HQHOPHVGHMXOLR GHVDUUROODPRVHODD(8'%E,".$9'"+'(D&,%9+&$&,.(/(F1B,9'.7(D%9,"21#G WXUDOLGDGHQHOWUDEDMRHWQRJUi¿FRFRQDIULFDQRV\DIURGHVFHQGLHQG 9,.7((VHHVSDFLRGHLQWHUFDPELRDFDGpPLFRVHSODQWHyFRPRLQVWDQFLD GHHQFXHQWURSDUDFRPSDUWLU\GHEDWLUH[SHULHQFLDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ FRQFROHJDVGHGLVWLQWRVFDPSRVGHVDEHUHVGHODV&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHV TXHDFWXDOPHQWHGHVDUUROODQSHVTXLVDVHQODVTXHWLHQHQFRPRLQWHU ORFXWRUHVDDIULFDQRV\DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHVHQ$UJHQWLQD

1 Específicamente, las investigaciones desarrolladas por quienes asistieron a este convesatorio se localizan en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, el Gran Buenos Aires y la región de La Plata -capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires-. Sin embargo, podemos presuponer que las características de las experiencias que se pusieron en diálogo en

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aquella instancia de intercambio y se retoman ahora en este libro atañen también a investigaciones realizadas en otros contextos de la sociedad nacional en Argentina. 2 Nos referimos al “Primer Conversatorio Identidad/es y Sujeto/s. Perspectivas teóricometodológicas”, un encuentro en el que participaron tesistas de grado y graduados recientes de distintas carreras de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, quienes estaban realizando o habían elaborado tesis o tesinas en las que abordaban la cuestión de las identidades sociales. 3 Las preguntas que se plantearon como disparadores fueron: 1) ¿Cuál es su problema de investigación y cómo se articula con el estudio de la/s identidad/es y sujeto/s?; 2) ¿Desde qué perspectiva teórico-metodológica aborda la cuestión de la/s identidad/es y sujeto/s?; 3) ¿Qué avances o resultados de su investigación considera significativos respecto a esta línea de análisis?.

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4 Cabe reconocer que semejante construcción excede las posibilidades e intenciones de las siguientes líneas en tanto aquí nos interesa aludir al contexto en que se enmarca la actual visibilidad social y política de africanos y afrodescendientes en Argentina para que el lector pueda entrever la complejidad de esta coyuntura y las conexiones de procesos de carácter global y/o local.

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5 Cullenward (2009) explica esta nueva corriente de migrantes africanos hacia Argentina aludiendo a una conexión con los cambios restrictivos asumidos en la legislación aplicable en materia migratoria por la Unión Europea. Para más detalles sobre estas dinámicas migratorias y una caracterización de la migración reciente de africanos en Argentina léase Morales (2010; 2011a; 2011b) y Chevalier-Beaumel y Morales (2012).

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6 Cabe aclarar que previo a la convocatoria de los participantes del II Conversatorio Identidades y Sujetos. Interculturalidad en el trabajo etnográfico con africanos y afrodescendientes teníamos conocimiento de su tema de investigación y se realizó una lectura de algunos de sus trabajos publicados. Por otra parte, hay que decir que para esta compilación se seleccionaron los trabajos que evidenciaron un desarrollo avanzado del proceso de investigación y de reflexión metodológica.

15

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7 Hacemos referencia a la orientación teórico-metodológica que a partir de la década de 1970 expresa un replanteo epistemológico respecto a la experiencia de campo en etnografía, introduciendo la reflexividad como “una dimensión crítica que hoy aparece como un principio fundamental del análisis transcultural” (Augé y Colleyn, 2006: 93).

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8 En trabajos anteriores de Katzer y Morales (2009) y Morales (2011c) se desarrolla un modelo de análisis situacional de las interacciones comunicativas en el trabajo etnográfico.

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9 Rita Segato se refiere al fundamentalismo disciplinar o culturalismo de las disciplinas que no es más que la estrategia para perpetuar el control sobre los campos de saber y los modos de producir conocimiento. Cerrar el debate y los cruces tiene como objetivos crear corrales de poder sobre recursos por los jerarcas de las disciplinas (Segato, 2003).

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