Hydriotaphia, Urne-Buriall, Or, a Discourse of the Sepulchrall Urnes Lately Found in Norfolk. : Together With the Garden of Cyrus, or the Quincunciall, Lozenge, or Net-Work Plantations of the Ancients, Artificially, Naturally, Mystically Considered. With 9780231884075

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THE ENGLISH REPLICAS THOMAS BROWNE HYDRIOTAPHIA T H E O C T A V O E D I T I O N OF B R O W N E ' S

Hjdriotaphia

1 6 5 8 W A S F O L L O W E D I N T H E SAME Y E A R BY A S E C O N D E D I T I O N W H I C H A P P E A R E D IN Q U A R T O TOGETHER

WITH

THE FOURTH EDITION

OF

p seudodoxia •Epidemica • urne Burial I AND The Garden OF cyrus A R E I N C L U D E D IN THE EDITIONS OF THE PSeudodoxia OF 165 9 A N D 1 6 6 9 A N D I N A L L SUBSEQUENT C O L L E C T E D E D I T I O N S OF B R O W N E ' S W O R K S • T H E S E C O N D S E P A R A T E E D I T I O N A P P E A R E D IN 1 7 3 6 A N D IS EVEN

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BRITISH MUSEUM • FOR D E T A I L E D T I O N ABOUT THIS A N D

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IN

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MADE AND PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES (3 CO. LTD. BRADFORD AND LONDON

H Y D R I O T AJPHl A, VRNiESBV'RIALL, OR,

A Difcourfc of the Sepulchrall Urnes lately found in N O R F O L K . Together with

The Garden of Q Y X V S9 OR

THE

Quincunciall, Lozenge,

or

Net-work 1 lantations of the Ancients, Artificially, Naturally, Myftically Confidered.

With Sundry Obfervations. By Thomas Browne D.of Phyftck» cfhp.

LONDON,

Printed for He». Brome at the Signe of the Gun in Jvy-hne. 1658.

F"*.:'

TO

MY

Worthy and Honoured Friend

THOMAS

Le

Q%OS

of CroJiwicJ^ Eiquire. Hen (heFunerall pyre was out, and the laft valedi¿Hon over, men took a lading adieu of their interred Friends, little expecting thecurioficy of future ages ihould comment upon their aihcs, and having no old experience of the duration of their Reliqnes, held no opinion of fuch after confideracions. But who knows the fate of his bones, orhowofren he is to be buried.? who iPomptm hath the Oracle of his allies, or whether they are to be fcattered £ The Reliques Eunpa.fed of many lie like the ruines of 4 Tompeys, As W ',i"L7bit*

the Epi&le »n all parts of the earth5 And whoa they arrive at your hands, thefe may feemtohave wandredfar, who m adi % Little di- r eft b and Meridian Travel!, have but few miles of known Earth between your tween your felf and the Pole, Tbat rhe bones of Tke eui we expe£l fuch Defcripttons. an ancient wherein f England u nowfo exatf, that it BodJniftned yeeldt not t0 other cotmtreys. f As in ¿HI- We pretend, not to multiply vegetable dividon and rfifans by Quincuncial and Reticulate plants i, J

vers parts, or ere whereof we " * mention knowledge "enf«mftto omit any.

„,

,

,

L

n

r

Phytology. The Field of hath been fo traced, it is hard to

*** *hi«& »«»•

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writefemething uew, If truth may receive addition5 or envy will have any thing new; Jtnce the Ancients knew the late Anatomicail difcoveries, and Hippocrates the Circulation, Tou have been fo long cut of trite learning, that 'tis hard to finde a fubjeft proper for you 'j and if you have met with a Sheet upon this, we have miffed our ¿mention. In this multiplicity of writings bye and barren Themes are beft fitted fir invention; Subjetls fo often difcourfea confine th" Imagination, and fix our conceptions unto the notions of fore-writers. Be fide, fuch Difcottrfes allow excarjions, and veniaUy admit of collsterall truths, though ane^ b&ve induftritufiy declined illu(IratiofiS from rare and unknown plants. 7our di/cemin^judgement fo vtell acquainted with that ftudy, mil expeft herein no mathematicali truths, JS wellunderftandtng how few generalities and h Vfioita'sthtre tRuIi5 are in nature. Hw Seal iger hath found ex- without exceftionsin moftVniverf&ls of Ariftotle and ^P1'10"8Theophraftus. How Botanicdl Maximet muft have fair allowance, and afe tolerably currant, if not intolerably over-b&Umted by exceptions. You have wifely ordered your vegetable delights9 beyond the reach of exception. The Tu~ks rvhopajft their dayes in gardens heret will have Gardens alfo hereafter, and delisting in Flowers en earth, muft have Litlies and Rofes in Heaven, In Garden Delights 'tis not eafie to held a Mediocrity • that infmuating pleajure isfeldonte without fomc extremity. The Ant tents venially delighted in flourishing Gardens 5 Many were Flo* rifis that knew not the true ufe of a Flower ; And in Plinies dayes none had Aireftly trea-

T h e Epiflle

ted of that Subjeft. Same cemtnendably affeQed Plantations of venemous Vegetablesy fome confined their delights unto (ingle planti, and Cato feemed to dote upon Cabbadgf ; While the Ingenuotu delight of Tukptfisiflartds faluted with hard language, ei Tufipom- vert by their own >' Prof effort. tuHdl?»'. Wat w this Garden Difco*rfet tee range renberg.Pit. into extraneous thingss and many farts of Hondiui. in Art an - 2{dturet we follow herein the exam' ü- BeIS- pie 0f 0ld plantitionS) wherein nonm ble jptnts contented not themselves with Trees y but by the attendance ef Aviaries, Fiß) Ponds, anda/l variety of Animals, they made their gardens the Epitome of the earthy andfome refemblmce of thefecular¡hows of old. That we conjoyn tbefe parts of different Subjeftss or that this Jhc^ld fucceed the other-j Tour judgement will admit without impute of incongruity $ Since the delightfill World comes after detth, and Paradife fucceeds the G> ave. Since the verdant ßate of things is the Symbole of the %efurre3ion, and toßouriß) in the ßate of glory s n e muß firfi be fown in corruption. Beßie the ancient praffife of 2{oble Prrfons, to conclude i/t Garden-Grave s3 andVrnet t hew fives of old,

Dedicatory. old, te be wrapt up flowers and garlands.

Nullumfinevenia placuifle cloquiutn,

is wore fenjibly under flood by Writers, then by Readers 5 nor well apprehended by either, ttS works have hanged out Uke Apelles his pitfurcs; wherein even common eyes will jfode fometbing for emendation. To wifh all Readers of your abilities, were unreafonably to multiply the number ofSchaItrs beyond the temper of thefe times. But unto this ill-judging ag*, wf charitably deJire a portion of your equity, judgement, cmdour, and ingenuity; wherein you arefo rich, as not to lofe by diffujion. And being tflew rising branch of th*tk Noble Family, unto kof the which we owe fo much obfer vance, you are not new fet, but long rooted in fuch perfe&'t¿JJB«^ 0») whereof having bad folatfing confirm*- prime Bation in your worthy converfation, constant amtty-y and exprejfion; and knowingyOH a ft- noble riom Student in the highefl arcana's of Na- fr'««!' ture \ with much excufe we bring thefe low delights,and poor maniples toy our Treafure. Harwich May 1. Tour aff/Sionate

Friend

and Servant,

Thomas Browne.

H Y D R I O T

A P H I A

Vrne/Buriall. OR,

A B r i e f D i f c o u r f e of the Se*» pulchrall Urnes lately found in

NORFOLK. CHAPTER.

I,

N the deep dilcovery of the Subterranean world, a (hallow part would iatisfie fome enquirers; who, if two or three yards were open about the iurfsce, Would not care to rake the bowels of/»«- 1 The rch and regions towards the Centre. ¡ J ^ ' 0 B Nature

2

Hydriotaphia, Nature hath furniihed one part of the Earth, and man another. The treafures of time lie h)gh, in Urnes, Coynes, and Monuments, fcarce below the roots of fome vegetables. Time hath endlefie rarities, and (hows of all varieties; which reveals old things in heaven, makes new difcoveries in earth, and even earth it lelf a difcovery. That great Antiquity America lay buried for a thoufand years; and a large part of the earth is ftill in the Urne unto us. Though if Adm were made out of an extraft of the Earth, all parts might challenge a reftitution, yet few have returned their bones farre lower then they might receive them5 not affecting the graves of Giants, under hilly and heavy coverings, but content with lefie then their owne depth, have wiihed their bones might lie f ir, and the earth be light upon them; Even fiich as hope to riie again, would not be contenr with centrallinterrment, o r f o defperately to place their reliques as to lie beyond discovery, and in no way to be ieen againj which happy contrivance hath

made communication with our forefathers,

'Vrne-Buriall. tiiWS, and left unto our view Tome parts, which they never beheld themfelves. Though earth hath engroiled the name yet water hath proved the fmarteft gravejwhich in forty dayes fwallowed almoft mankinde, and the living c/eation ; Fiifaes not wholly e leaping, except the Salt Ocean were handfomely contempered by a mixture o f the freih Element. Many have taken voluminous pains to determine the ftate o f the foul upondiftinioo; but men have been moft phantaiiicall in the lingular contrivancss o f their corporal 1 diflolution: whileft the fobreft Nations have refted in two way es } of iitriple inhumation and burning. That carnall interment or burying, was o f the elder d*te, the old examples of Abraham and the Patriarchs are fufficient to illuftrate 5 And were without competition, if it could be made out, that Adam was buried oear Dam*few, or Mount Cdvtry, according to fome Tradition . God himfelf, that buried but one, was plea fed to make choice o f this w a y , collectible from Scripture-exprsflion, and the B 2 hot

5

4

Hydriotaphia,

hot conteft between Satan and the ArchAngel, about dilcovering the body of Mtfes, But the pra&ice of Burning was alio of great Antiquity, and of no (lender extent. For (not to derive the lame from Hercules) noble defcriptions there are hereof in the Grecian Funerals of Homer., In the formall Obfequies of Patrocltts, and Achilles; and fomewhat elder in

the Theban warre, and folemn combuftion o(A4etteceuJ, and Archemoruss contemporary unto Jair the Eighth Judge of Ifrati. Confirmable alio among the TrojaitSy from the Funerall Pyre of He&ori burnt before the gates of troy-, And the i, Q^rala- b burning of Pentbijilet the esfmtzjnea* ber. lib. i. Q ^ e e n : a n c j long continuance of that pra&ice, in the inward Countries of Afia ; «Ammia- while as low a$ the Reign of Juhan,wc ?iMs,Gom- finde that the King of cbuttia c burnt the bntes King body of his Son, and interred the aihes in fc^Zy afilverUrne. near Perfia. The lame pra&ice extended alio farrc *Amoidis W e f t * , andbefidesHerni/ans,Getes3and notTn^if. ^rattans, was in ufe with moft of the Co mmerar. Celtte, Satmsttans, Germans, Gauls, Danes, L.L. Gvral- Swedes, Norwegians J not to omit fome UFE minJX** «hereof among Carthaginians and Ameritans:

V rue-Buriall. titans: Of greater Antiquity among the

jh>mans then moft opinion, or Pliny feems

to allow. For (bcfide the old Table Laws of burning d or burying within the City, ' ia.Tabui. of making the Funerull fire with plained Partv'-de i ° i • l r • < • n jurefxcro. Ifood, or quenching the fire with wine.) Hominem jUanlius the Conful burnt the body of his «"oraium Son : Numa by fpeciall claufe of his W ill, was not burnt but buried And Rmus wve urito, was folemnly buried,according to thede- Rogum ™ 2' e fcription of Ovid

.

afcia ne polito. » . 4 . Item vigeneri Annotat. in Livium. & Alex.ab Alex, cum Tiraquello. Rofcinus cum dempftero. * Ultima prolato fubdita flamma iogo. De Fait. lib. 4. cum Car. Neapol. anaptyxi.

Cornelius Sylls was not the firft whofe body was burned in Rome, but of the Cornelian Family, which being indifferently, not frequently ufcd before 5 from that time fpread, and became the prevalent praftice. Not totally purfued in the high« ft runne of Cremation 5 For when even Crows were funerally burnt, Poppa a the Wife of Nero found a peculiar grave enterment.Now as all cuftomes were founded upon fome bottome of Reafon, fo there wanted not grounds for this j according to feverall apprehenfions of the moft rationall diffolution. Some being B 3

6

Hydriotaphidy being of the opinion of Thales^hzt water

was the originall of all things,thought it moft equall to fubmit unto the principle of putrefa&ion, and conclude in a moift relentment.Others conceived it moft natural to end in fire, as due unto the matter principled the compofition 3 according to the doitrine of Heracliftvs. And therefore heaped up large piles, more actively to waft them toward that Element, whereby they alio declined a vifible degeneration into worms, and left a lafting parcell of their com pofition. Some apprehended a purifying virtue in fire, refining the groiler commixture, and firing out the ^thereall particles fo deeply immerfed in it. And fuch as by tradition or rationall conje&ure held any bint of the finall pyre of all things; or that this Element at laft muft be too hard for all the reft ; might conceive moft nanaturally of the fiery diftolution. Others pretending no natural grounds, politickly declined the malice of enemies upon their buried bodies. Which confideration led Sylla unto this pra&ife; who having thus ierved the body of Mar ins ^ could not but fear a retaliation upon his

Vrne-Buriallt

j

his own 5 entertained after in the Civill wars,and revengeful con^entionsof Rome, But as many Nations embraced, and many left it indifferent, fo others too much affefted, or ftriftly declined this pra&ice.

T h e Indian Bracbmans feemed

coo great friends unto fire, who burnt themlelves alive, and thought it the nobleft way to end their dayes in fire5 according to the exprcffioD of the Indian, burning himfclf at Athens* , in his la ft f And words upon the pyre unto the amazed tjjwcfore f p e f t a t o r s , Thus I make my fe/fe morttiU.

to-

^ ^ Tomb w.s

But the Chaldeans the great Idolaters of fire, abhorred the burning of their Nic.Daujc. carcafles, as a pollution of that Deity. T h e Perfian M> declined it upon the

like icruple, and being only follicitous about the ir bones, expofed their titffi to the prey of Birds and Dogges. And the Terf >es now in I#dia, which expofe thei» bodies unto Vultures, and endure not fo much as feretra or Beers of Wood, the proper Fuell of fire, are led on with fuch niceties. But whether the ancient Germans who burned their dead, held any fuch fear to pollute their Deity of Herthus, or B 4 the

8

Hydriotapbia,

the earth, we have no Authentick conjefture. The Egyptians were afraid of fire, not as a Deity, but a devouring Element, irsercilcfly confuming their bodies, and leaving too little of them ; and therefore by precious Embalments, depofiture in dry earths, or handfome incloiiire in glalfe, contrived the notableft wayes of intcgrall confervation. And from fuch jEgyprian fcruples imbibed by Fythagoras* it may be conje&ured that Numa and the PythagoricallSe&firfl: waved the fiery folution. T he Scythians who fwore by winde and fword, that is, by life and death, were fo fat re from burning their bodies, that they d« clincd all interrment, and made their graves in the ayr: And the Iebthycpbagi or iifb-eating Nations about M^ypt, affe&ed the Sea for their grave: Thereby declining vifible corruption, and reftoriog the debt of their bodies. Whereas the old Heroes in Hemer^xczded nothing more than water or drowning 5 probably upon the old opinion of the fiery fubfbnce of the foul, only extinguifhable by that Element j And there-

'Vrtte-BuriaU.

9

therefore the Poet emphatically implie th the totall deftru&ion in this kinde of death, which happened to A)*x OiUusZ. »Which The old * Bulgarians had a peculiar Mtput mode, for they ufed great limes and much wood, but no fire in their burials, * niodoriu while they bruifed the aeih and bones simili4of the dead, crowded them into Urnes, and laid heapes of wood upon them. And the * Chmoit without cremation or *Rmufhu urnall interrment of their bodies, make in Navtgtu ufe of trees and much burning, while they plant a Pine-tree by their grave, and burn great numbers of printed draughts of flaves and horfes over it, civilly content with their companies in efiigie, which barbarous Nations exaft unto reality. Chriftians abhorred this way of obloquies, and though they ftickt not to give their bodies to be burnt in their lives, detefted that mode after death; affc&ing rather a depofiture thanabfumption, and properly fubmitting unto the fentence of God, to return not unto aflbes but unto daftagaine, conformable unto the practice of the Patriarchs, the interr-

IO

Ilydriotaphia,

terrmentof onr Saviour, of Peter ^ Paul, and the ancient Martvrs. And io farre at laft declining promifcuous enterrment Martiaiis with Pagans, that fome have fuflered Ecthe Bifhop. clefiaftical cenfuresj for making nofcrupie thereof. T h e Majfelman beleevers will never admit this fiery refolntion. For they hold a prefent trial from their black and white Angels tn the grave 5 which they muft have tmde fo hollow, that they may rife upon their knees. T h e Jewifh Nation, though they entertained the old way of inhumation, yet fometimes admitted this praftice, For the men of JabeJ}) burnt the body of Saul. And by no prohibited prafrice to avoid contagion or pollution, in rime of peftiAmos 6. l c nce, burnt the bodies of their friends io. And when they burnt not their dead bodies, yet fometimes ufed great burnings neareand about them 3 deducible from the expreffions concerning Jeherar») Sedechias, and the fumptuous pyre of A fa: 1 Sueton. in And were fo little averfe f r o m 5 Pagan cl/i ^ul' burning, that the Jews lamenting the death of Ca/ian, and Severn, we finde no leiTe then three Legions difperfed through the Province of Brittain. And as high as che Reign of Claudius a great overthrow was given unto the Ice»i, by the Romane Lieutenant oft ortut. N o t long after the Countrey was fo molefted, that in hope of a better ftate, Priftntgus bequeathed his Kingdom cunt o Nero and his Daughters 5 and Boadtcea his Queen fought the laft decifive Battle with Paulinas. A f ter which time and Conqueft of JgrtcoU the Lieutenant of Vejpa/ian, probable it is they wholly pofieifed this Countrey, ordering it into Garrifonsor Habitations, bcft fuitable with their fecurities. And lo Tome Romane Habitations, not improbable in theie parts, as high as the time of Vejpafiau, where the Saxons after ieatcd, in whofe thin-fiU'd Mappes we yet finde the Name of Wdjtngbam. Now if the leeni were but gammadims, Ancomans,

Urne-Btiriall.

\y

tikot, or men that lived ia an Angle wedge or Elbow of Brittain, according to the Original! Etymologic, thiscountrey will challenge the Emphaticall appellation, as moft properly making the Elbow or Iken of Icenia. That Britain was notably populous is undeniable, from that expreffion of Caftrm> That the Romans themfelves were nx umimm early in no fmall Numbers, Seventy hfiniutrutThoufaod with their affociats flain by Boid:cea> affords a fure account. And que tdificw though many Roman habitations are nowfere OaUb knowne, yet fome by ol beila 0al piers, Coynes, and llrnes doe teftifie * tbeir Pofleffions, Some Urnes have l s ' been found at Cafior} fome alfo about Southcreaks, and not many ye2rs part, no lcflethen ten in a Field at Buxton», not near any recorded Garifoci. N o r niy^cnhy is it ftrange to finde Romans Coynes of Friend Copper and Silver among us j of Vejpafan, Trajan, Adrian, Commodate in fome mn(ui Severus, Sic. But the greater

number of Dieclejian5 Cevftantine, Co»- referred J f o w , Valens, with many of Vttterimts bydjemoif fofthumiui, Titricuf,

and the thirty T y -

rants in ihe Reigne of G&Uienus j and p*n B1, C fome

i8

Hydriotaphia,

fome as high as Adrianm have been found about Tbetformat $itomagttstmentioned in the itinerary of Antoninus, as the way from Venta or Cafior unto Lon• From Cf ¿0}J 0 # B a t t h e m o f t frequent difcovcryJ (tor to Ihtl- . , , ... /2 • . , ford the is made at the two Lajters by T^onvtch Romanes and Yarmouth P, at Burghcafik and Branaccounted __ a thirty two cajteri. miles, and from thence obferved not our common road to

London, but pafled by Combrtiomum ad Jnfam, Canonrnm, Cafaromagm, Etc. by Brtt fxtm, Cogge/a all, Chelmeford, Burntvcood, &c. P Moft at Qaftt Tarmmhjound in a place called Eafl-bloudy-burgh furlong, belonging to M r Thomm Wood, aperfon of civility, induftry and knowledge in this way, who hath made obfervation of remarkable things about him, and from whom we have received divers Silver snd Copper Coynes. i Belonging to that Noble Gentleman, and true example of worth Sir Ralph Hire Baronet, my honoured Friend.

Eefides, the Norman3 Saxon and Damjh pceces of Cutbred, C&nutus, William MAa ?A peece cf tilda , and others, fom Brittiih Coynes mud the 0 f gold have been difperfedly found, faid to be And no fmall number of lilver peeces b found in near Norwich 5 with a rude head upon theobv ?Sfwkh e r f e 3 and an ill formed horfeon thisinfcri- the reverie, with Inscriptions 1c. Duro.T. n'aTile EU' whether implying Tceat, Ditrotriges, Ttfc lAtiboife. c ' a ) or Trimbantes, we leave to higher conje&ure. Vulgar Chronology will have Norwich Caftle as old as Julius C the Triangle, and remarkable Cruftro about the foot of the Centaur; obfervable rudiments there are hereof in fubterraneous concretions, and bodies in the Earth; in the Gypfuin or 'l mm Rhmbotdes, in the Favaginites or honey-comb-ftone, in the Afttria and Attroites, and in the crucigerous ftone of S. lago of pallida. The fame is obfervably effe&ed in the zfalus, Catkins, or pendulous excrefcencies of feverall Trees, o f W a l l nuts » Alders, and Hazels, which hangfqwtmmm ing all the Winter, and maintaining their Net-woike clofe, by the expan* «hereof fton thereof are the early foretellers of ifemgh he the Spring* diicoverable alfo in long Pepper s and elegantly in the ¿aim of tar£»am- Calamus Aromaticus, (b plentifully growM ™«'- ing with us in the firft palmes of Wilwefindc lowes, and in the Flowers of Sycamore, ¡¡¡¡j™ Petafites, Afphodelus , and Elattann, r^andTn before explication. After fuch order jreatnum. ftand the flowery Branches in our beft

7Tje Quincunx Naturally Confidered.

123

fpread Verbafeum, and the feeds about the fpicous head or torch of TAP fas E*r\ i W i in as fair a regularity as the circular and wreathed order will admit, which advanceth one fide of the fquare, and makes the fame Rhomboidall, In the fquamous heads of Scabious % K.udpmed3

a n d t h e elegant jJacea ?tneay

and in the Scaly compolure of the Oak¡Lift, which fome years tnoft abounde d . After this order hath Nature planted the Leaves in the Head of the common and prickled Artichoak; wherein the black and ihining Flies do fhelter themfelves, when they retire from the purple Flower about it $ The fame is alio found in the pricks, fockets, and impreilions of the feeds, in the pulp or bottome thereof, wherein do elegantly ftick the Fathers of their Mother. T o omit the Quincunciall Specks on the top of the Mifcle-berry , efpecially that which grows upon the Ttlia or Lime-Tree. And gnrrvutt the remarkable difpofure of thofe yellow fringes about the purple Peftill of A iron, and elegant clufters of Dragons, ^y^** fo peculiarly fecured by nature, with X-4"7"'^ an

134

Efpccìaify the?««' storni***or riw™*' Baubmi.

ILCR, J, 12.

Cyrns-Gardetty O r an umbrella or skrecning Lesf about them« The Spongy leaves of (bme Seawracks, Fueus, Oaks, in their leverai! kindes, found about the Shoar, with ejeftmcnts of the Sea, are over-wrought with Net-work elegantly containing tnis orc er ' » which plainly declareth the naturality of this texture $ And how the needle of nature deligbteth to work>even in low and doubtful vegetations. The Arbnttetum or Thicket on the head of the Tearell, may be obferved in this order : And he that confidereth tbat fabrick fo regularly palifadoed, and ftemm'd with flowers of the royall colour^ inthehoufeof the folitary maggot, may findethe Seraglio of SoUmon, And contemplating the caficular ihafts, and uncous difpofure of their extremities, io accommodable unto the office of abfteifion, not condemne as wholly improbable the concek of thofe who acceptif, for the herbe d Borjtb. Where by the way,we could with much inquiry never difcover any transfiguration, in this abftemious infeft, although we have

the QuineHnxNatturaUy Confidered. have kept them long in their proper boufes, and boxes Where fome wrapt up in their webbs, have lived upon their own bowels, from Seprember unto July. In fuch a grove doe waIke the little creepers about the head of the burre. And fuch an order is cbferved in the aculeous prickly plantation, upon the beads of fever a! common thiftles, remarkably in the notable paliftdos about the flower of the milk.Thiftle$ and he that inquireth into the little bottome of the globe-thiftlc, mayfinde that gallant ba(h ariie from a fcalpe of like diipofure. The white umbrella or medicall buih of Elder, is an Epitome of this order: alifing from five main ftemms Quincuncially difpofed, and tollerably maintained in their fubdivifions, T o omit the lower obfervations in the feminal fpike ofMercurie weld, and Plantane. Thus hath nature ranged the flowers ofSantfoyne, and French honey fucklej and fomewhat after this manner hath Ordered the buih in Jttf iters beard, ot houfe-

116

Cyrus-Garden, O r boufeleek 5 which old fuperftition fet on the tops of houfes, as a defenfative againft lightening, and thunder. The like in Fenny Seagreen or the water c Souldier; which, though a militarie name from Greece, makes out the Roman order, A like ordination there is in the favaginous Sockets» and Lozenge feeds of the noble flower o f the Sunne. Wherein in Lozenge figured boxes nature (huts up the feeds, and balfame which is about them* But the Firre and Pinetreefrom their fruits doe naturally didate this poiition. The Rhomboidall protuberances in Pineapples maintaining this Quinouncial order unto each other, and each Rhombus in ic felfe. Thus are alfo difpofed the triangular foliations, in the conicall fruit of the firre tree, orderly ihadowing and prote&ing the winged feeds below them. The like fo often occurreth to the curiolity ofobfervers, cfpecially in fpicated feeds and flowers, that we fhall not need to take in the iingle Quincunx of Fuchfius

the Quincunx Naturally Confidcred„ usinthegrouthof themafle fearn, the feedie diipofure of Gramen Ifchemon, and the trunk or neat Reticulate work in the codde of the Sachell palme. For even in very many round (talk plants, the leaves are let after a Quintuple ordination, the firft leaf anfwering the fifth, in lateral difpofition. Wherein the leaves (ucceffively rounding the ftalke, in foure at the furtheft the comtafs is abfolved, and the fifth leafe or prout, returns to the pofition o f the other fift before it $ as in accounting upward is often obfervable in in furre pellitorye, Ragweed, the fproutes of Oaks, and thorns upon pollards, and very remarkably in the regular difpofure of the rugged excrefcencies in thé yearly (hoots of the Pine. But in fqusre (talked plants, the leaves ftand refpe&ively unto each other, either in erode or decuflàtion tothofe above or below them, arifingat erode portions; whereby they (hadow not each other, and bettter refift the force of winds» which in a parallel fituation, and upon fquare (hikes would more forcibly

Î

128

Cyrus-Garden, O r forcibly bear upon them. And to omit, how leaves and fprouts which compafie not the (talk, are often fetin aRhomboides, and making long, and (hort Diagonals, doe itand like the Ieggs of Quadrupeds when they goe : Nor to urge the thwart enclofure and furdling of flowers, and bloifomes, before explication, as in the multiplyed leaves of Pioniej And the Chiafmus in five leaved flowers, while one lies wrapt about the ftaminous beards, the other foure obliquely (hutting and doling upon each others and how even flowers which coniift of foure leaves, (land not ordinarily in three and one, but two, and two croffe wife unto the Stylus; even the Autumnal budds, which awaitethe returneofthe fun, doe after the winter folftice multiply their calicular leaves, making little Rhombufes, and network figures , as in the Sycamore and Lilac. The like is difcoverable in the original produ&ion of plants, which firft putting forth two leaves, thoie which fucceed, bear not over each other, but fhoot

The Quincunx Naturally Confidered. (hoot obliquely or croffewiie, until! the ftalke appeareth 5 which fendeth not forth itsfirftleaves without all order unto them; and he that from hence can dricover in what pofition the two firft leaves did arife, is no ordinary obfervator. Where by the way, he that obierveth the ruditnental (pring of feeds, (hall finde ftrift rule, although not after this order. How little is required unto effe&ual generation, and in what diminutives the plaftick principle lodgeth, is exemplified in feeds, wherein the greater mais affords fo little comprodu&ion. In fieanes the leaf and root fprout from the Germen, the main (ides iplit, and lye by, and in feme pull'd up near the time of blooming we have found the pulpous fides intire or little wafted. In Acorns the nebb dilating fplitteth the two fides, which fometimes lye whole, when the Oak is fprouted two handfuls. In Lupins thefe pulpy fides do fometimes arife with the ftalk in a refemblance of two fat leaves« Wheat and Rye will grow up, if after they have K fhoe

129

Cyrus-Garden, Or ihot fome tender Roots, the adhering pulp be taken from them. Beanes will profper though a part be cut away, and fo much fet as fufficeth to contain and keep the German clofe. From this fuperfluous pulp in unkindely, and wet years, may arife that muhiplicity of little i n f e d s , which infeft the Roots and Sprouts of tender Graine9 and pulfes. In the little nebbeor fru&ifying principle, the motion is regular, and not tranfvertible, as to make that ever the leaf, which nature intendeth the root; oblervable from their converfion, until they attain their right pofition, if feeds be fet inverfedly. In vain we expcft the produ&ion of plants from different parts of the feed, from the fame corcttlum or little original proceed both germinations; and in the jwerof this (lender particle lye many oots, that though the fame be pull'd away, the generative particle will renew them again, and proceed to a perfect plant And malt may be obferved to grow,though the Cummes be fallen from it. The

S

The Quincunx Naturally Confiekred. T h e ieminall nebbe hath a defined and (ingle place, and not extended unto both extremes. And therefore many too vulgarly conceive that Barley and Oats grow at both ends 5 For they a riie from one punQilio or generative nebbe, and the Speare Aiding under the husk, fir ft appeareth nigh the roppe. But in Wheat and R y e being bare the fprouts are feen together. If Barley unhulled wou'd grow, both would appear at once. Bur in this and Oat-meal the nebbe is broken a w a y , which makes them the milder f o o d , and lefie apt to raife fermentation in Decottions. Men taking notice o f what is outwardly vifible, conceive a fenfible priority in the Root. But as they begin from one part, io they feem to ftart and fee out upon one fignall o f nature. In Beans yet fofc, in Peafe while they adhere unto the Cod, the rudimentall Leafe and Root are diicoverable. in the Seeds of Rocket and Muftard, fprouting in Glalfes of water, when the one is manifeft the other is alfo peeceptible. In K. 2 muddy

Cyrut-Garden, Or muddy waters apt to breed Duckweed, and Periwinkles, if the firft and rudimentali ftroaks of Duckweed be obferved, the Leaves and Root anticipate not each other. But in the Date-ftone the firft fprout h neither root nor leaf diftin&ly, but borh together 5 For the Germination being to paiic through the the narrow Navell and hole about the midftof theftone, the generative germ is fainetoenlengthenit felf, and (hooting out about an inch, at that diftance divideth into the afcending and defcend* ing portion. And though it be generally thought that Seeds will root at that end, where they adhere to their Originals, and obfervabie it is that the nebbe fcts moft often next the ftalk, as in Grains, Pulfes, and moft fmall Seeds, yet is it hardly made out in many greater plants. For in Acornes, Almonds, Piftachios, Wallnuts, and accuminated (hells, the germ pnts forth at the remoteft part of the pulp. And therefore to fet Seeds in that pofture, wherein the Leaf and Roots may (hoot right without contortion,

the Quincunx Naturally Conftdered don, or forced circumvolution, which might render them ftrongly rooted, and ftraigbter, were a Criticifme in Agriculture, And nature feems to have made iome provifion hereof in many from their figure, that as they fall from the tree they may lye in Portions agreeable to fuch advantages. Befide the open and vifible Tefticles of plants, the feminall pores lie in great part inviiible, while the Sua findes polypody in ftone-wals, the little flinging Nettle, and nightftiade in barren Tandy High-wayes, Scurvy-grajje in GreeneUna3 and unknown plants in earth brought from remote Countries, Befide the known longevity of fome Trees, what is the moft lafting herb, or feed , feems not eafily determinable. Mandrakes upon known account have lived near an hundred yeares. Seeds found in Wilde-Fowls Gizards have fprouted in the earth. The Seeds of Mar jorane and Stramonium carelefly kept, have grown after feven years. Even in Garden-plots long fallow, and digged up, the feeds of Blattaria and yello w henbane,and after K. 3 twelve

Cyrus-

Garden^

O r

twelve years burial have produced themfelves again. That bodies are firft fpirits Farmlfus could affirm, whicn in the maturation of Seeds and fruits, feems obfcurely • in met. implied by a ^ r i f t o t l e , when he deliatmCabta. vereth, that the fpirituous parts are converted into water, and the water into earth, and attefted by obfervation in the maturative progrtfieof Seeds, wherein at firft may be difccrned a fiatuous diftenfion of the husk, afterwards a thin liquor, which longer time digefteth into a pulp or kerneil obfervable in Almonds and large Nuts, And fome way anfwered in the progreffionall perfeftlon of animall femioation, in its fperxnaticall maturation, from crude pubefcency unto perfe&ion, And even that feeds themfelves in their rudimentall difcoveries, appear in foliaceous iurcles, or iprouts within their coverings, in a diaphonous gel lie, before deeper incr-flalion, is alio vifibly verified in Cherries, Acorns, Plums. From feminall confederations, either in reference unto one mother, or diftinition

"the Quincunx Naturally Conftdered, ¿Hon from animall produ&ion, the holy Scripture deicribeth the vegetable creation ; Aod while it divideth plants but into Herb and Tree, though it feemeth to make but an accidental divifion, from magnitude, it tacitely containeth the naturall diftin&ion of vegetables, obferved by Herbarifts, and comprehending the four kinds. For fince the mod naturall diftinftion is made from the produ&ion of leaf or (talk, and plants after the two firft feminall leaves, do either proceeed to fend forth more leaves, or a ftalk, and the folious and ftalky emiffion diftinguiiheth herbs and trees, and ftand Authentically differenced, but from the accidents of the ftalk. The iEquivocall produ&ion of things under undiicerned principles, makes a large part of generation, though they feem to hold a wide univocacy in their fet and certain Originals, while almoft every plant breeds its peculiar infeft, moft a Butterfly, moth or fly, wherein the Oak feemsto contain the largeft feminality, while the Julus 5 Oak, apple, dill, woolly tuft, foraminous roundles

K4

upon

ï

Cyrus-Gardeuy Or

upon the leaf, and grapes under ground make a Fly with fome difference. The great variety of Flyes lyes in the variety of their originals, in the feeds of Caterpillars or Cankers there lyeth not only a Butterfly or Moth, but if they be fterill or untimely caft, their production is often a Fly, which we have alio observed from corrupted and mouldred Egges, both of Hens and Fifties ; T o omit the generation of Bees out of the bodies of dead Heifers, or what is Scbent' ftrange yet well attefted, the production * of Eeles in the backs of living Cods and P fi ' Perches. The exiguity and fmallnciTe of fome feeds extending to large produftiom is one of the magna)ities of nature, fomewhat illuftrating the work of the Creation, and vaft production from nothing* s dtliijpm. The true a feeds of Cypreflè and RamLtkrenbmg p j o n s a r e indiftinguifliable by old eyes. Of the feeds of Tobacco a thoufand make not one grain, The difputed feeds of Harts tongue, and Maidennair, require a greater number. From fuch undifcejoablc i«œinalitks arife fpontaneous pro-

'the Quincunx Naturally Confidered.

137

productions. He that would diicern the rudimentall ftroak of a plant, may behold it in the Originall of Duckweed, at the bignefle of a pins point, from convenient water in glades, wherein a watchful 1 eye may alfo difcover the pundicular Originals of Periwincles and Gnats. That feeds of fome Plants are lefle then any animals, feems of no clear decifion; That the biggeft of Vegetables exceedeth the biggeft of Animals , in full bulk, and all dimenfions, admits exception in the Whale, which in length and above ground meafure, will alfo contend with tall Oakes. T h a t the richeft odour of plants, furpafieth that of Animals may feem of fome doubt, fince animall-musk, feems to excell the vegetable, and we finde fo noble a fcent in the Tulip-Fly, and b Goat-Beetle. green U N o w whether feminall nebbes hold primim any iure proportion unto feminall en- found, we clofures, why the form of the germe couidnever doth not anfwer the figure of the enclo™th fing pulp, why thenebbeis feated upon thefolid, and not the channeld fide of the

Cyrus-Garden,

Or

the feed as in grains, whyfince we often meet with two yolks ia one (hell, and fometimes one Egge within another, we do not oftener meet with twonebbes in one diftinft feed: why fince the Egges of a Hen laid at one courfe, do commonly out-weigh the bird, and fame moths coming out of their cafes, without affiftance of food, will lay fo many Egges as to ouc-weigh their bodies, trees rarely bear their fruit,in that gravity or proportion : Whether in the germination of feeds according to Hippocrates, the lighter part afcendeth, and maketh the fprout, the heavieft tending downward frameth the r o o t ; Since we obfervc that the firft (Boot of feeds in water, will fink or bow down at the upper and leafing end .• Whether it be not more rational Epicurifme to contrive whole diihes out of the nebbes and fpirited particles of plants, then from the Gallatures and treddles of Egges} fince that part is found to hold no feminal (hare in Oval Generation, are queries which might enlarge but muft conclude this digreffion. And

'the Quincunx Naturally

Conjidered»

And though not in this order, yet how nature delighteth in this number, and what con fen t and coordination there is in the leaves and parts of flowers, it cannot efeape our obfervation in no ftnall number of plants. For the calicular or fupporting and doling leaves, do anfwer the number of the flowers, efpecially in fuch as exceed not the number of Swallows Fgges 5 as in Violets, Stichwort, Bloflomes, and flowers of one leaf have often five divifions, anlwered by a like number of calicular leaves; asGentianelia, Convolvulus,Bellflowers. In many the flowers, blades, or ftaminous fhootes and leaves are all equally five, as in cockle, mullein and Blattaria; Wherein the flowers before explication are pentagonally wrapped up, with fome refemblance of the bltttx or moth from whence it hath its name: But the contrivance of nature is fingular in the opening and (butting of Bindeweeds, performed by five inflexures,diftinguiibableby pyramidcall figures, and alfo different colours.

The rofe at firft is thought to have been

Cyrus-Garden, Or been of five leaves, as it yet groweth wilde among us j but in (he moil luxuriant, the calicular leaves do ftill maintain that number. But nothing is more admired then the five Brethren of the Rofe, and the ftrange difpofure of the Appendices or Beards, in the calicular leaves thereof which in defpair of refolution is tolerably felved from this contrivance, bed ordered and fuited for the free cloture of them before explication, For thofe two which are fmooth, and of no beard are contrived to lyeundermoft, as without prominent parts, and fit to be fmoothly covered} the other two which are befet with Beards on either fide, ftand outward and uncovered, but the fifth or half-bearded leaf is covered on the bare fide but on the open fide ftands free, and bearded like the other. Befides a large number of leaves have five divifions, and may be circumicribed by a Pentagon or figure of five Angles, made by right lines from the extremity of their leaves, as in Maple« Vine , Figge»Tree : But five-leaved flowers

Tihc Qui rjcunxNatxrally Confidered. 1 4 1 flower? are commonly difpofed circularly about the Stjlm \ according to the higher Geometry of nature, dividing a eircleby five r ruder Figures of the oftracion, the triangular or cunny fifh, or the pricks of the Sea;Porcupine„ The fame is alio obfervable in fome part of the skin of man, in habits of neat L 2 tex-

Cyrus-Garden,

Or

texture, and therefore not unaptly compared unto a N e t : We (ball not affirm that from fuch grounds, the .¿Egyptian Embalmers imitated this texture yet in their linnen folds the fame is ftill obfervable among their neateft Mummies, in the figures of Ifis and Ofyrit, and the Tutelary fpirits in the Bembine Table. Nor is it to be over-looked how Oiut% the Hieroglyphick of the world is deicribed in a Net-work covering, from the ihoulder to the foot. And (not to enlarge upon thecruciated charafter of Trismegiflus, or handed crofles, fo often occurring in the Needles of Phuraobt and Obelisks of Antiquity ) the Status lfi\c£, Teraphims, and little Idols, found about the Mummies, do make a decuflation or Jacobs Croife, with their armes, like that on the head of fbraim and CYannffes, and this de~ cuffs is alio graphically defcribed between them. This Reticulate or Net-work was alfo coDfiderablein the inward parts of man, not only from the firft fnbtegmen or warp of his formation, but in thenetty fibres

The Quincunx Naturally Conftdered fibres of the veins and vefiels of life; wherein according to common Anatomy the right and tranfverfe fibres are decuflated, by the oblique fibres; and fo mud: frame a Reticulate and Quincunciall Figure by their Obliquationsj Emphatically extending that Elegant expreffion of Scripture, Thou haft curioufly embroydered m e , thou haft wrought me up after the fineft way of texture , and as it were with a Needle. N o r is the lame obfervable only in fome parts, but in the whole body of man, which upon theextenfionofarms and legges, doth make out a fquare, whofeinterfe&ion is at the genitals. T o omit the phantaftical Quincunx, in Plato of the firft Hermaphrodite or double man, united at the Loynes,which Jupttte after divided« A rudimentall refemblance hereof there is in the cruciated and rugged folds of the Reticulum, or Net-like Ventricle of ruminating horned animals, which is the fecond in o r d e r , and culinarily called the Honey-comb. For many di L 3 vifions

Cyvws-Garden, Or vifioos there are in the ftomack of fcverall animals 5 what numb» they maintain in the Scsrvs nnd ruminating Filh, common deicription, or our own experiment hath made no di(covery. But in the Ventricle of Perpufes there are three divifions. In many Birds a crop, Gizard, and little receptacle before it 5 but in Cornigerous animals, which chew the cudd, there are no left then four of diftinft pofition and office. The HjtUulttm by thefe crofled eels, makes a further digeftioo, in the dry and exuecous part of the Aliment received from the firft Ventricle. For at the bottome of the gullet there is a double Orifice 3 What is firft received at the mouth defcendeth into the firft and greater ftomack, from whence ie is returned into the mouth again; and after a fuller maftication, and falivous mixture, what part thereof defcendeth again, in a moift andfucculent body, it Aides down the ibfter and more permeable Orifice, into the Omafus or third ftomack 3 and from thence conveyed into

The Quincunx Naturally Confidered. into the fourth, receives its lad digeftion. The other dry and exuccous part after rumination by the larger and ftronger orifice beareth into the firft ftomack, from thence into the Reticulum, and To progreflively into the other divifions. And therefore in Calves newly calved, there is little or no u(e of the two firft Ventricles, for the milk and liquid aliment flippeth down the fofter Orifice, into the third itomack * where making little or no ftay, it pafleth into the fourth, the feat of theCurfeon. But had we found a better account and tolerable Anatomy, of that promi* 1iS2.de- nent j o w l e o f t h e 3 Sperm* Ceti Whale, fcribed in then queftuary operation, or the ftench 9 Epidtm. ' o f the laft caft upon our iboar, permitEdit.?. ted, we might have perhaps difcovered fome hand fome order in thofe Net-like feafes and fockets, made like honey-combs, containing that medicall matter. Laftly, The inceifion or iocall motion of animals is made with analogy unto this figure, by decuflative diametral», Qiiincunciall Lines and angles. For to omit the enquiry how Butterflies and breezes move their four wings, how birds and fiihes inayre and water move by

71je Quincunx Naturally

Conftdered.

by joynt ftroaks of oppofite wings and Finnes, and how falient animals in jumping forward feem to arifeand fall upon a fquare bafe j As the ftation of mod: Quadrupeds) is made upon a long fquare, fo in their motion they make a Rhomboides; their common progreffion being performed Diametrally, by decuffation and erode advancement of their leggesj which not obferved begot that remarkable abfurdiry in the pofition of the leggesof Ctfters horfe in the Capitol. The Snake which moveth circularly makes his fpires in like order, the convex and concave ipirals an wering each other at alternate diftances; In the motion of man the armes and legges obierve this thwarting pofition, but the legges alone do move Quincuncially by fingle angles with *ome reiemblance of an V measured by fucceflive advancement from each foot, snd the angle of indenture great or leile, according to the extent or brevity of the ftride. Studious Obfervators may difcover more analogies in the orderly book of nature3

4

^hSfo"

Cyrm- Garden, Or nature, and cannot efcape the Elegancy of her hand in other correfpondencies. The Figures of nails and crucifying appurtenances, are but precarioufly made out in the granacUB* or flower ofChrifts paffion: And we defpair tobehold in thefe parts that handfome draught of crucifixion in the fruit of the B*rb*do Pine The feminal Spike of Phdlarü, or great ihaking graffe, more nearly anfwers the tayl of a Rattle-Snake, then many reiemblances in Port4: And if the

man b 0re

fJS?c™' hmu.

out

^

Column* be well made

? itexcellethallanalogies. In young Wallnuts cut athwart, it is not hard to apprehend ftrange charafters ; and in thoie of fomewhat elder growth, handfome ornamental draughts about a plain erode. In the root of Ofmomd or Water fern, every eye may difcern the form of a Half Moon, Rain-bow, or half the charaäcr of Pifces. SomefindeHebrew> Arabick, Creek, and Latine Chara&ers in Plants; In a common one among us

we feem to reade Acuta* Vivw , Ulil. Right lines and circles make out the bulk

the Quincunx Naturally Conftdered. bulk o f plants; In the parts thereof we fiodeHelicall or fpirall roundles, voluta's, conicall Sedions, circular Pyramids, and fruftums o f Arcbittredes^ And cannot overlook the orderly hand o f nature, in the alternate fucceflion o f the flat and narrower fides in the tender {hoots of the Aihe, or the regular ineouality o f bignefle in the five-leaved flowers o f Henbane, and fomething like in the calicular leaves o f Tutfon. H a w the fpots o f Perjtcaria do manifeft thcmfelves between the fixt and tenth ribbc. How the triangular capp in the ftemme or fiylus of Tuleps doth conftantly point at three outward leaves. That fpicated flowers do open firft at the (talk. That white flowers have yellow thrums or knops. Thar the nebbe o f Beans and Peafe do all look d o w n w a r d , and fo prefie not upon each other 5 And how the feeds o f many pappous or downy flowers lockt up in focketsaftera gomphofis or »«^-articulation , diifufe themfelves circularly into branches o f rare order, obfervable in Trdgope&m or Goats-beard,conformable to the Spiders

Cyrus-Garden, Or web,and the Xadii in like manner tela rely inter-woven. And how in animall natures, even colours hold correfpondencies, and mutuall correlations. T h a t the colour of the Caterpillar will (hew again in the Butterfly, with fome latitude is allowable, Though the regular fpots in their wings ieembutainealie adhefion, and fuch as may be wiped away, yet fince they come in this variety, out of their cafes, there muft be regular pores in thofe parts and membranes, defining fuch Exudations. T h a t b Auguftui had native notes on his body and belly, after the order and number in the Starre of Charles rvaynei will not feem ftrangeunto aftral Phyfiognomy, which accordingly confidereth moles in the body of man, or Pbyficall Obfervators, w h o from the pofition of moles in the face, reduce them to rule and correipondency in other parts. Whether after the like method medicall conj e t u r e may not be raifed, upon parrs inwardly affe&ed j fince parts about the lips are the critical feats of Puftutes dif-

the QmncHnxNaturally Confidered. charged in Agues; And fcrophulous tumours about the neck do fo often fpeak the like about the Mefentery,may alio be confidered. T h e ruflet neck in young Lambs Teems but adventitious, and may owe its tinfture to fome contagion in the womb 5 But that it iheephave any black or deep rufiet in their faces, they want not the fame about their legges and feet 5 T h a t black Hounds have mealy mouths ar.r? feet; That black Cows which have a t / white in their tayls, fiiould not mifle of fome in their bellies 5 and if all white in their bodies, yet if black-mouth'd, their ears and feet maintain the fame colour, are correfpondent tinSures not ordinarily failing in nature, which eafily unites the accidents of extremities, fince in fome generations ihe tranfmutes the parts themfelves, while in the Jurelian

Metamcrphofit the head of the canker becomes the Tayl of the Butterfly, Which is in fome way not beyond the contrivance of Art, in fubmerfions and Inlays, inverting the extremes of the plant, and fetching the root from the top* and alio imitated

Cyrus-Garden^ Or imitated in handfome columtiary work, io the invcrfion of the extremes ; wherein the Capitcl, and the Bafe, hold fuch near correipondency. In the motive parts of animals may be ¿¡(covered mutuall proportions; not only iothoie of Quadrupeds» but in the thigh-bone, lcgge, foot-bone, and claws of Birds. The legs of Spiders are made after a leiqui-tertian proportion, and the long legs of fotne locufts, double unto form- others. But the internodial parts of Vegetables, or fpaces between the joints, are contrived with more uncertainty 5 though the joints themfelves in many plants, maintain a regular number. In vegetable compofure, the unition of prominent parts feems moftto anfwer the Apofbyfes or procefles of Animall bones, whereof they are the produced parts or prominent explanations, And though in the parts of plants which are not ordained for motion, we do not expeft correfpondent Articulations; yet in the fetting on of fome flowers, and feeds in their fockets,and the lineal commiiTurc of the pulpe of feverall feeds, may

the Quincunx Naturally Conftdered* may be obferved fotnc fliadow of the Harmony, fome ihow of theGomphoiis

or mortis-articulation.

As for the DiarthroGs or motive Articulation, there is expefted little Analogy » though long-ftalked leaves doc move by long lines, and have obfervable motions, yet are they made by outward impalfion, like the motion of pendulous bodies, while the parts themielves are united by fome kinde offjf»pfyjes unto the ftock. But (landing vegetables, void of motive-Articulations, are not without many motions. For befide the motion of vegetation upward) and of radiation unto al! quarters, that of contraftion, dilatation, inclination, and contortion, is difcoverable in many plants* To omit the rofe of Zfericbe, the ear of Rye, which moves with change of weather, and the Magical fpit,made ofno rare plants, which windes before the fire,and rofts the bird without turning. Even Animals near the Claifis ofplants, fcem tohavethemoft reftletfe motions. The Summer-worm of Ponds and places,

160

Cyrus- Garden, O r

often")!! e s m a ^ e s a ' OD g waving motion; the iome form hair-worm fcldome lies ftill. He that of redmag- would behold a very anomalous motion, Snding6 may obfcrve it in the Tortile and tiring jweers of ftroaks o f a Gnatworms. Ciftetns in die Sura" mer.

CHAP.

i6i

CHAP.

A

IIII.

S for the delights, commodities» myfteries, with other concernments of this order, we are unwilling to fly them over, in the (hort deliveries of Virgil, Varto, or others, and fhal! therefore enlarge with additionall am-» pliations. By this pofition they had a juft pro« portion of Earth, to fupply an equality of nouriihment, The diftance being or« dered, thick or thin, according to the magnitude or vigorous actra&ion of the plant} the goodnefie, leanneile, or propriety of the foyle, and therefore the rule of stlon-i concerning the territory of Athens, not extendible unto all; allowing the diftance of fix foot unto com« mon Trees, and nine for the Figge and Olive. They had a due diffufion of their roots on all or both fides, whereby (hey maintained forne proportion to M theif

162

Cyrus-Garden, O r

their height, in Trees of large radication. For that they ftri&ly make good theit profundeur or depth unto their height, according to common conceit, » Quantum and that expreffion of 3 Virgil^ though vtrtice Ot

C H A P ,

V*

' T ' O enlarge this contemplation unto * all the myfteries and fecrets, accqmodable unto this number, were inexcufable Pythagorifme, yet cannot omit the ancient conceit of five furnamed the number of a juftic?; as juftly dividing between the digits, and hanging in the centre of Nine, defcribed by fquare numeration, which angularly divided will make the decufiated number 5 and fo agreeable uuto the Quincunciall Ordination , and rowes divided by Equality, and juft decorum^ in the whole com-plantation ; And might be the Originall of that common gameamongus, wherein the fifth place is Soveraigne, and carrieth the chief intention. The Ancients wifely inftrufting youth, even in their recreations unto virtue, that is, early to drive

"tbe QuincHnxMifticaUy

Confidered.

at the middle point and Central Seat of juftice. Nor can we omit how agreeable unto this number an handfome divifion is made in Trees and Plants, fince Plutarch , and the Ancients have named it the Diviiive Number, juftly dividing the Entities of the world, many remarkable things in i t , and alfo comprehending the a generall divifion ofVe- $ * getables. And he / ^ / • t f « ' h«b*\ that conliders how and that fifth which commoft bloflomes prehendeth thet0fimgi and moit Diouomes of or tttbera ^ whether be na . Trees, and greateit med "Aa-^/of or yv^vav, number of Flowers, comprehending a l f o « « . rn. cc i jerva mannaJalja,and Setconult Ot hve leaves 5 cords, of fo many yards and therein doth reft the fetled rule of nature; So that in thoie which exceed there is often found, or eafily made a variety 5 may readily difcover how nature refrs in this number, which is indeed the firft reft and paufe of numeration in the fingers, the naturall Organs thereof. Nor in the divifion of the feet of per fed animals doth nature exceed

I0O

Cyrus- Garden, Or

ceed this account. And even in the joints of f e e t , which in birds are tnofl: multiplied, furpafleth not this number 5 So progreffionally making them out in many, that from five in the fore-claw (he defcendeth unto t w o in the hindemoft; And ib in fower feet makes up the number o f joynts, in the five fingers or toes o f man« N o t to omit the Quintuple i e f t i o n »Fiieipjit, o f a a Cone, o f handforoe pra&ife in parabola, Ornamentall Garden-plots , and in m e chad,u!r way difcoverabJe in io many Triangulum, works o f N a t u r e ; In the leaves, fruits, and feeds of Vegetables, and icales o f fome Fiihes, lb much confiderable in glailcs,and the optick doftrine; wherein the learned may confider the Cryftalline humour o f the eye in the cuttle fifh and Loltgo. He that forgets not how Antlquify named this the Gonjugall or wedding number, and made it the Embleme of the moft remarkable conjun&ion., will conceive it duely appliable unto this handfome Oeconomy , and vegetable combination ; May hence apprehend

Tbe Quincunx Mijiically Confidered.

ig i

the allegoricall fence of thatobicure expreffion of *Hefiod, and afford no im- a probable reafon why Plato admitted his idtfl ""/»«Nuptiall gueftsby fives, in the kindred of the b married couple. b Plato de And though a (harper myftery might be implied in the Number of the five wife and fooliih Virgins, which were to meet the Bridegroom, yet was the fame agreeable unto the Coniugali Number, which ancient Numerifts made out by two and three, the firft parity and imparity, the adive and paffive digits, the materiali and formali principles in generative Societies. And not difcordant even from the cuftomes of the Romans, who admitted but c five Torches in their Nuptiall c Piuwch folemnities. Whether there were any myftery or not implied, the moft ge- 0 nerative animals were created on this day, and had accordingly the largeft benediftion : And under a Quintuple confideràtion, Wanton Antiquity confidered the Circumftances of generation , while by this number of five they natu-

Cyrm-Garden,

Or

naturally divided the Ne&ar of the fifth Planet, The fame number in the Hebrew myfteries and Cabaliftical accounts was D A rebut, the d chara&er of Generation , declared b y the L e u e r

the

fifth

in

thcir

Alphabetj According to that Cabalifticall Dogma: If Abram had not had this Letter added unto his Name he had remained fruitlefle, and without the power of generation: Not onely becaufe hereby the number of his Name attained two hundred fourty eight, the number of the affirmative precepts, but becaufe as increated natures there is a male and female, fo in divine and intelligent produdions, the mother of Life and Fountain of fouls in Cabalifticall Techuology is called Binab5 whofe Seal and Chara&er was He. So that being fterill before, he recived the power of generation from that meafure and manfion in the Archetype ; and was made conformable unto Bimh. And upon fuch involved ejfod into confiderations, the e ten of Sarai was ex-

The Quincunx

MiJiicaUy

Confidered.

exchanged into five, If any fljall look upon this as a ftaWe Dumber, and fitly appropriable unto Trees, as Bodies of Reft and Station, he hath herein a great Foundation in nature, who observing much variety in legges and motive Organs of Animals, as two, four, fix, eight, twelve, fourteen, and more, hath pafled over five and ten, and affigned them unto none, ¡or very f e w , as t h e PhaUtigium wenflrfffum ErafiiiaClufii & Jac. de Ltet. Cur> foxier. Americ* De/crtpt. If perfe&ly defcribed.

And for the ftability of this Number, he ihall not want the fphericity of its nature, which multiplied in it felf, will return into its own denomination, and bring up the reare of the account. Which is alfo one of the Numbers that makes up {the myfticall Name of God, which confifting of Letters d c noting all the fphaericall Numbers, ten, five, and fix; Emphatically fets forth the Notion of Trismegiflut, and that intelligible Sphere, which is the Nature of God. O Many

19 JJ.

Ler 6

Cyrus- Garden, O r Many Expreffions by this Number occurrein Holy Scripture, perhaps an* juftly laden with myfticall Expositions, and little concerning o u r order. T h a t the Ifraelites were forbidden t o eat the fruit of their new planted Trees, before the fifth y e a r e , was very agrceable nnto the naturall Rules of Husbandry: Fruits being unwholfome and lafb, before the fourth, or fifth Yeare. In the fecond day or Feminire part of five, there was added no approbation. For in the third or masculine day, the fame is twice repeated 5 and a double benedi&ion inclofed both Creations, whereof the one, in fome part was but an accompliihmcnt o f the other. T h a t the Trefpaffer was to p3y a fifth part above the head or principal!, makes no fecret in this Number, and implied no more then one part above the principall 9 which being confidered in four parts, the additienall forfeit muft bear the N a m e of a fift. The five golden mice had plainly their determination from

The Quincunx Mifticaliy Confidered. 195 the number of the Priaces 5 That five (hould put to flight an hundred might have nothing myftically implyed 5 confidering a rank of Souldiers could fcarce confift of a lefier number. Saint Paul bad rather fpeak five words in a known then ten thoufend in an unknowne tongue: That is as little as could well befpoken. A iimple proportion conlifting of three words and a completed one not ordinarily ihort of five. More confiderable there are in this myfticall account, which we muft not Infift on. And therefore why the radical! Letters in the Pentateuch, (hould equall the number of the Souldiery of the Tribes; Why our Saviour in the Wildernefie fed five thoufend perfons with five Barley Loaves, aBd again, but four thoufand with no lefle then feven of Wheat? Why Jofefb defigned five changes of Raymeot unto Ben)a»tiff ? and David took juft five pibbles out , ^ of the Brook againft the Pagan Cham- fi^Zr trion i We leave it unto Arichmeu- and one.™O2 call

196

Cyrus- Gardeny Or

call Divinity, and Theologicall explanation. Yet if any delight in new Problemes, or think it worth the enquiry, whether the Griticall Phyfician hath rightly hit the nominall notation of Quinque 5 W h y the Ancients mixed five or three but not four parts of water unto their Wine.- And Hippocrates obferved a fifth proportion in the mixture of water with m i l k , as in Dyfenteries and bloudy fluxes. Under what abftruie foundation Aftrologers do Figure the good or bad Fate from our Children, 1 'a>O.9J) in a good Fortune, or the fifth houfe ff/cr«*. of their CeleftiaH Schemes. Whether the name the ¿Egyptians defcribed a Starre by a ofjrhefifth Figure o f five points, with reference b Conjunft, unto the b five Capitall afpetts, whereoppofitc, by tbey tranitnit their Influences, or g S ' t e - " abftroferConfideratiorts* Why theCatragoiiaJ. balifticall Doftors, who conceive the whole Sefhiroth> or divine emanations to have guided the ten-i>ringed Harp o f David, whereby he pacified the evil fpirit o f Saul3 in ftrid numeration doe begin

the Quincunx MifticaUy Confidered. lyy begin with the Perfhypate Melon, or ff fa a t , and fo place the Tiphereth anfwering C fol fa ut, upon the fifth firing: Or whether this number be oftner applied onto bad things and ends, then good in holy Scripture, and why ? He may meet with abftrufitks of 110 ready refolutioD. If any (hall queftion the rationality of that Magick, in the cure of the blind man by Ser^fk, commanded to placc five fingers on his Altar, and then his hand on his Eyes ? Why fince the whole Comoedy is primarily and naturally comprifed in c four parts, and cn«,v t, Antiquity permitted not fo many perIons to fpeak in one Scene, yet would not comprehend the fame in more or lefle then five ads £ Why amongil Seaftarres nature chiefly deligliteth in five points > And fince there are found fome of no fewer then twelve, and fome of feven, and nine there are few or none discovered of fix or eight / If any (hail enquire why the Flowers o f Bite properly confift of fourLeaves,The firft and Oj third

j

Cyrus-Garden, Or

third Flower have five ? Why fince t Unifoii- many Flowers have one leaf or d none, um,nuiii- as scaltger will have i t , diverfe three, filim. t h e g r € a t c f t number confift of five divided from their bottomes5 there are yet fo few of two or why nature generally beginning or letting out with two oppofite leaves at the Root, doth f o ieldome conclude wilh that order and number at the Flower ? he ihall not pafle his hours in vulgar fpeculations. If any (ball further qu^ry why magneticall PhiJofophy excludeth decuflations, and needles rranfverfly placed do naturally diftratt their verticities > Why Geomancets do imitate the Quintuple Figure, in their Mother Chara&ers of Acquisition aod Amifljon,^rr. fomewhat aoiwering the Figures in the Lady or fpcckled Beetle/ With what Equity, Chiromantical conjc&urers decry theie decuifations in the Lines and Mounts of the hand ? What that decuflated Figure intendeth in the medall of Alexander the Great t Why the Goddeflesfit commonly

The Quincunx MijircaUyConfidercd monly crofle-Icgged in ancient draughts, Sincc Juno is defcribed in the fame as a veneficial pofture to hinder the birth of Herctt/es < . ? If any (ball doubt why at the Aniphidrotnicall Feafts, on the fifth day after the Childe was born prefects were fent from friends, of Pohpujjes, and Curtle-fiihes ? Why five muft be only left in that Symbolicall mutiny among the men of Cadtnw ? Why Proteus in Hunter the Symbole of the firft matter, before he fetled himfelf in the mid ft of his Sea-tnonfters, doth place them out by fives? Why the fifth years Oxe was acceptable Sacrifice unto Jupiter < . ? Or why the Noble x^dntoninw in Come fence doth call the foul it felf a R-hombus? He ihallnot fall on trite or triviall difquifitions, And thefe we invent and propofe unto acuter enquirers, naufeating crambe verities and qoeftions over-queried.Flat and flexible truths are beat out by every hammer; But Vulcan and his whole forge fweat to work out AebiDeihis armour, A large field is yet left unto ibarper difcerners to efiO4

large

200

Cyrus-Garden^

Or

large upon this order, to iearch oat the quaternios and figured draughts of this nature, and moderating the ftudy of names,and meer nomenclature of plants, to ereft generalities, difclofe unobferved proprieties, not only in the vegetable (hop, but the whole volume of nature; affording delightful Truths, confirmable by fenfe and ocular Obfervation, which feems to me the fureft path, to trace the Labyrinth of Truth, For though difcurftve enquiry and rationall conjefrure, may leave handiome gaflies and fleilMvounds, yet without conjunftion of this expeft no mortal or difpatching blows unto errour. But ^ a Qaincunx of Heaven runs MMSK Horizon low,and 'tis time to clofe the five ports of S T * " knowledge; W e are unwilling to fpin out that time, our awaking thoughts into the phantafmes of deep, which often continueth praecogitations; making Cables of *> De hfom• Cobwebbes and Wilderneiles of handtArttmdo ^ o m e Groves. Befide Hippocrates hath ru< & A- fpoke fo little and the c Oneirocriticall pmatjir. Matters, have left fijeh frigid Interpretations

The Quinemx MifiicaUy Confidered. sot tations from plants, that there is little encouragement to dream of Paradife itfelf. Nor will the fweeteft delight of Gardens afford much comfort in deep 5 wherein the dulncflfeof that lenie (hakes hands with delegable odours $ and though in the d Bed of Cleopatr*, * strewed can hardly with any delight raife up the with rofe*' ghoftof a R.ofe. Night which Pagan Theology could make the daughter of Ck*os3 affords no advantage to the deicription of oTdcrr Although no lower then that Maflecan we derive its Genealogy. All things began in order, fo (hall they end, and lo (hall they begin again; according to the ordainer of order and myftical Mathematicks of the City of Heaven. Though Senmm in Homer be (ent to rowie up Agimemnon, Ifindeno fuch effe&s in thefe drowfy approaches ofikep. T o keep our eyes open longer were but to a d our Antipodes. The Huntlmen are

up in America^ and they are already paft their firft fleep in Perfta< But who can be drow-

202

Cyrus-Garden, Or drowfie at that howr which freed us from everlafting fleep ? or have flumbring thoughts at that time, when deep it (elf muftend, and asfome eonje&ure all (ball awake again >

F I

S.

THE S T A T I O N E R TO THE R E A D E R .

1

Cannot omit to advertife, that a Book was publiihednot long fince, Entituled, Natures Cabinet Unlockt, bearing the Name of this Authour: If any man have been benefited thereby this Authour is not fo ambitious as to challenge the honour thereof, as having no hand in that Work. To diftinguiih of true and fpurious Pecces was the O iiginall Criticifme, and fome were fo handfomely counterfeited, that the Entitled Authours needed not to difclaime them. But

But fince it is fo, that either he muft write himielf, or Others will write for him, I know no better Prevention then to a& his own part with leffe intermit (ion of his Pen.

Books

Books Printed for Hen. Broome at the Gun in Ivy-Lam. The Souls Conflt£t% Being Eight Sermons, fix whereof were preached at Oxford. The Queens Exchange A Comedy, By RtchardBrome. T w o Ejjaysof Love and CMarrtage. The Grand Imfofiar Examined, Or, the life And TriaU of James Nayler. The Sbuls Tsurnkej, Being a Conference betwixt M r Hanum and M r T»\e Moderator of Coll. in London, Books now in the Prep which willjhortly be extant. The Affinity offacred Liturgies, By Hanson LEjirange, Efq. Five New Comedies which were never before publjflit, By Richard Breme, A Learned and. much dejired Commentary on the vohole Epifile to the Philippics, By Nath. Tucker Late Preacher of the Gofpel at Tortfmouth.

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