How To Become a Laptop Technician: From Zero to Hero (conversion) 9781980416357 1980416354

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How To Become a Laptop Technician From Zero to Hero

Kang solihin

Copyright © 2018 tre media All rights reserved. ISBN: 9781980416357

DEDICATION This book is dedicated to technicians who are learning to repair laptops

CONTENTS Acknowledgments 1 Recognition and Scope of Reparation Theory

i 1

2 Basic Components of SMD on Motherboard Laptop 9 3 Datasheet

10

4 Motherboard Structure

11

5 Schematic Learning 6 Understanding Basic Code Of Schematic Path

14

7 Technique To Find Signal Relationship

20

8 Power Motherboard

21

9. Measurement With Schematic

22

10. Function And Application

17

23

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is made for laptop technicians, either beginners or who are learning to repair laptops and want to learn more about everything related to laptop repair. Equipped with a component recognition guide contained in the laptop, how to measure each component and how to repair the laptop based on schematic

Recognition and Scope of Reparation Theory 1. User Manual User manual is a guide book for customer or user. Usually, there is in one package when you buy a new laptop. 2. Service Manual As a technician, the service manual serves as a standard laptop unloading procedure. Especially if there is the latest series that we never do maintenance on the laptop, then the service manual may be in need. The fact that there are many wrong procedures in conducting the process of dismantling and assembling, it can cause the case cracked or broken. There are also some other descriptions that can be our guide on the field, on the official website of each laptop brand provides a service manual for each of their products. Example: up screen short from DOC (Service Manual).

3. Power Flowchart

Damage Case: 1. LCD display is too dark, the checking stage starts from the inverter and check sections “AC_BATT_SYS”. If there is a problem in this section either the voltage or the socket in damaged, then just fix it. The execution process is finished. If there is no problem in this section, then check and continue to the next section. 2. Signal control, note the direction of the arrow and so it goes. This is the technique of checking with FLOWCHART media, some brands provide this media like ASUS. From here we know what parts to check. So the flowchart acts as a SOP for breakdowns and checking. 4. Schematic In general, the function of schematic diagram are: 1. Knowing the interface/path connection between components (component communication). 2. Knowing the point of measurement and its value. 3. Knowing the input and output points (stage & etc).

4. Knowing how circuit works to analyze the circuit. 5. Knowing the code, type and value of a component. 5. DATASHEET In general, the function of datasheet are : 1. Knowing the details of component functions and how they work. 2. Knowing the term signals on the component pins as well as the function and how it works. 3. Knowing the reference input and output voltage of a component as material comparison or equation component. 4. Knowing the value of the voltage on each pin component

Basic Components of SMD on Motherboard Laptop

The component form is divided into two, they are standard and SMD or mini component, and of its characteristic are also divided into two, active and passive components. The active component is a type of electronics component that requires an electric current to work, in an electronic circuit that can amplify and direct electrical signals, and can convert energy from one form to another (transistors and IC diodes). Passive component is a type of electronic component that works without the need for electric current, so it cannot strengthen and rectify electrical signals and cannot convert energy to another form (resistor, capacitor etc).

1. Name Fuse

Fuse Symbol

Code

Shape

F

Serves as a Security, if there is a shorting circuit, this component will be broken. On older laptops, the cause of the totally dead laptop is this component on the DC IN circuit. The shape of the component can be seen in the picture on the left side. The green ones are mostly found in circuit LED

panels, circuit LVDS & CRT.

1.1. Fuse Character in the Circuit The fuse character in the circuit are almost the same as the inductor and fullup resistor, if the component is problematic it will cut off the positive voltage of either input or output. The measuring technique is very simple: Scale the multimeter on the buzzer. The probes (red & black) are each attached to both poles of the PIN. Component, free probe position. If the multimeter makes a sound then the fuse is fine, even though its value is below 0.10 because its attributes also have no negative poles (which do not require negative poles for the working conditions of components are fuse and inductor components). And vice versa if the multimeter does not sound the fuse is broken (the key is between the sound and not the sound of a multimeter). Overview of measurement techniques (This measurement is specific to determine if the component is damaged or not, not to measure the value of a

component's resistance). Trick: scaled position in buzzer mode or diode value. Multimeter in use is a digital multimeter. Applies to all components with their characteristics.

2.

Resistor Name

Symbol

Code R

Resistor

PR : Power Resistor

Shape

SMD or mini component resistor in the laptop motherboard serves as a resistance and if its value is 0 - 000, the resistor serves as a jumper (fuse). The color and shape of this resistor on laptop motherboards are generally black and green as in the example image. Often found in power jack / dc jack and charging circuit. In particular, the resistor functions as a resistance. However, its use in circuit electronics. In general this component has a complex function depending on the placement on a circuit. Resistor in circuit laptop motherboards generally serve as a resistance, voltage divider, comparator, full up, safety, jumper and current limiter. The resistor also has a resistance value and its resistance to the circuit. I hope you do not stop here, please learn more specific, either via browsing or sharing. Learn more about SMD RESISTOR with the links below: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor

Name

Symbol

Code

Shape

R Lice Resistor

PR : Power Resistor

One type of resistor is a lice resistor, in the laptop motherboard circuit it functions very complex depending on the layout of the circuit. Also the amount is very much. Lice resistor is almost found in all motherboard circuit systems. To note here, is not the form but the code. Because there are other components with a shape that is both small and same color but not R (resistor), but L (inductor). Resistors are also often referred to as resistance. I will discuss it briefly, for more advanced level please understand more deeply and more specifically about resistor, OHM law and calculation of resistance to current and load.

Characteristics of this component will break the current and voltage or change the value of the voltage itself if damaged, especially in the input circuit, and other problems if the resistors breaks then the input will not flow to the system/IC. The damage caused by this lice resistor is almost all of the characteristics of laptop damage (no charging, totally died, no display, etc) Name SMD Network (Resistor)

Symbol

Code

Shape

R PR: Power Resistor

SMD Network means, one component can contain multiple resistors that have the same resistance value in one package or component form. This type of resistor we often encounter in the keyboard path. This component is rarely damaged except on the 2000s motherboard output with error keyboard problems.

2.1. Characteristic of Resistors in the Circuit RESISTOR AS RESISTANCE The resistor that acts as a resistance or current limiter is a lice resistor. Resistor in the laptop motherboard as much as 70% is used as a resistance on the positive input Vin path. The characteristic of this component if it broken will break the voltage. If the resistance value changes or does not match the recommendation on the circuit

schematic, then the resulting output value is not appropriate and have an impact on the error circuit or circuit problem (resistor stretched). More smaller the value of a resistor more greater the value of the current. Likewise the bigger the value of a resistor then smaller the value of the current (learn how to measure the current/ampere). If the current value is greater than the value of a resistor then the resistor will break. Leakage of the resistor due to the decrease in the value of the resistor that affects the current consumption and the voltage is wasted to ground. This is an event called DROP ( voltage and current do not match the load the resistor value becomes 0 then it will result in leakage of voltage which is directly wasted to ground and short circuit will occur. RESISTOR AS A REDUCER VOLTAGE / VOLTAGE DIVIDER In principle, the voltage divider resistor consists of two resistors arranged in parallel and will produce an output voltage ½ of the input voltage, provided that two resistors have the same resistance value but if the values is different, it will affect the current consumption depending on the value of a resistance. This system is also often used in comparator circuits. Variable resistor circuit on charging

and RTC circuit. Resistor in use is kind of lice resistor. RESISTOR GROUNDING This resistor is almost never damaged. Used in circuit grounding and full down resistor or parallel resistor that one of its legs is connected to Ground / system grounding.

2.2. Resistor Measurement In addition to knowing the form of symbols and functions as a material damage analysis as well as an absolute requirement to read schematic, technicians are also required to be able to identify whether the component is still good or damaged, then you have to master the measurement material. Although you do not understand the characteristic of the components of the circuit, you can directly fix the laptop. Because of my own reset, proof that 80% of laptop technicians do not have basic electronics/technical education background, and some of them use “street techniques” (Ask to other what is the damaged, what part that have to replaced then without thinking so long they immediately practice). So, you can do it! In this book you are provided with basic provisions electronics, also at the core of this book you will learn schematic diagram. There are 3 stages of correct component identification process procedure: 1.

Check the condition of the component (bad or good). This identification is the easiest execution technique, such as improving the mechanical system (readable and visible) with the characteristics of cracked or burned components. In this case the thoroughness and quietness is the key. There are many cases, technicians have checked

2. 3.

many components, and it turns out only the power cable is detached. Check with chip detection technique Touch/hold on component body, If the component feels hot, 70% there is a problem with the component. Measurement (advanced method) An execution technique that is invisible to the eye, not heard by the ear, and cannot be touched, because it must use other media, such as measuring instruments and we mastered first one gauge called digital multimeter.

Measurements are divided into 2 stages: 1. The measurement without voltage By removing the component or tensing one component of the circuit/motherboard or the component legs on the lift next.

Measurements without voltage with special tool SMD TESTER, measurement of this method to measure the suitability of the resistance value of component and schematic. Note: The use of SMD TESTER tools will be accurate. This technique is to measure the value of a resistor where the result is to match the component resistance value in the schematic (if there is no resistance in the component body). Because of over time or due to the weakness of a circuit/damage circuit Component values may change. 2. Measurement with voltage This technique is used to measure the value of input and output voltage). This method of measurement provided that the input has a voltage (use a PSU 30V - 5A only, because the current consumption can be seen on the display for ease in further engineering methods). And measurement techniques like this, to identify the magnitude of the voltage before passing through the resistor and after passing through the resistor. Large input and output values before or after the resistor pass must be the same except the

ampere value. If the output value after passing the resistor differs more than 3 digits, then it can be sure the resistor is damaged/problematic, the problem is resistor on most motherboards and almost used in all circuit systems. Do not worry; the damage of the resistors is in the characteristic of complicated damage, and from 10 laptops only 4 where the resistors cause damage.

Technique of measuring: Black probe standby on ground. Scale the multimeter at DC 20V (which is important that the value of the voltage we will measure must exceed the scale of the multimeter). Notice the arrows of numbers one and two, is the first measurement on the input before passing the resistor and the second after passing through the resistor or output. Whereas 1 and 1 written steps may be measurements on the IC pins directly because of one output line after the resistor, the important thing is that no other component passes the output path after the resistor. Resistors in the VIN line is one of causes of damage with the characteristics of voltage loss, protect switch and light up briefly then die. (IC does not work because it does not get power supply disconnected because of resistor)

3.

Capacitor Name Elco Capacitor (Polar)

Symbol

Code C PC : CAPACITOR

Shape POWER

Capacitors are a component that has many types and also forms. One of them,

which are in use in laptop motherboard. Such as in the picture (type SMD elco), in addition to its function as a charge storage in the laptop motherboard, also serves as a filter in the series of switching and decoupling. Elcoalso has a resistance value with the symbol μF (microfarad) and the voltage on the component body. More higher the value of μF on the capacitor in the filter circuit will be better, and the voltage value on the capacitor must exceed the number of voltage values to be passed. The weakness of elco is the leakage of components that causes the value of the output voltage to change drop, even short circuit is often found on the problem of 3V and 5V circuits as well VCC core. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor Name

Symbol

Tantalum Capacitor (Polar)

Code

Shape

C PC : Power Capacitor

Capacitors have different shapes and series, just like a resistor. One of them is like the picture beside (type SMD Tantalum). In addition to its function as a temporary load storage. In the laptop motherboard also it functions as a filter in switching and decoupling circuits. If we look at the symbols and shapes, the components of elco and tantalum have positive and negative poles, so the installation on the circuit should not be inverted. (Elco may be replaced with tantalum vice versa). This type of component is widely used for alternate NEC/TOKIN replacement on the VCC core in case of no display, with the characteristic of no display total voltage VCC core drop 0v - 0.9V. It should be noted that NEC/TOKIN is also included in component capacitor families. Name Ceramic Capacitor/ Biopolar

Symbol

Code

Shape

C PC : Power Capacitor

Capacitors have different shapes and series. One of them is like the picture on the side (SMD Ceramic type). Works as a filter noose, if we are Pay attention

to symbols & shapes. Ceramic type components have no poles, so the installation may be reversed. Often we find on the 19V input bypass path in all circuit systems and one of the causes of the most dominant motherboard short circuit (this type of component often suffered damage, especially in the case of short circuit).

3.1. Characteristic of Capacitors in the Circuit

Shorting = A meeting between positive and negative poles, and the characteristic of this component if it breaks it does not break the current/voltage like FUSE or RESISTOR, but connects/matches the two poles that should be separated (positive and

negative). This event is often called short circuit. Note the picture on the side, the bipolar capacitor component is arranged in parallel and connected directly to the VIN (source voltage of the circuit system) and on the foot after it is connected to ground. And what happens if this component is damaged/short? Then all VIN lines in all systems will be affected by short. Although the damaged it only one component. The more mounted capacitors in this circuit, it will be better. But unfortunately in the laptop motherboard series only installed 3 - 2 pieces only. And this component is the top score of total dead laptop damage from past to the present, almost in all electronic devices without exception, laptop motherboard as well. If we find the short circuit and it has been narrowed in just one circuit by removing the jumper/disconnecting the jumper path or the inductor component. The techniques to find a shorting capacitor arranged parallel as in the picture beside, remove the capacitor whose value is the largest in the schematic diagram because it is usually the most damaged first. Parallel arranged capacitors serve to flatten currents and voltages (currents and voltages are always directly proportional). The basic principle of capacitor is the charge storage and then releases it. While the capacitors are arranged in series then the characteristic will be different, if the input voltage goes up he fills the charge and if the voltage drops he will dispose of the charge. The capacitor will conduct electricity when the input is off or in AC mode and charge if ON or when in the DC mode. There are 2 functions: the first function to block the DC voltage and the second function to smooth the AC voltage.

The characteristic of the components in the polar capacitor switching circuit regulator act as AC signal filters generated by the coil/inductor in the switching process. These components are BOXES & ROUNDES (tantalum & elco). Unlike tantalum, elco as time goes by its value will decrease faster, and the use of elco that I know on the motherboard circuit is not nice, but cannot deny the price is cheap. It's almost the same as the type of ceramic capacitor but it does exist additional cases, if these components are damaged especially those using elco then the output value will change. For example if the image beside 5V then in fact can be 0V or 1V + often occurs in 3V and 5V circuits.

3.2. Capacitor Measurement

voltage

Capacitor measurement using Note: This measurement is only for measuring the safe voltage point, because the shape and scope of the capacitor is wider. For the tip of the multimeter probe, we can also modify

the multimeter tip with the needle. The black probe does not always have to be on the ground pin of the capacitor. Can be in the screw hole or any part as long as it is safe and is a ground path.

Measurement and identification of

capacitor

Because of the capacitor has a positive and negative pole, if this component is damaged, it will result in short circuit (the negative and positive poles occur due to the leakage in the capacitor). Although only 1 component of the capacitor is damaged in one circuit, but it affects the other circuit. The measurement it is almost the same as the voltage measurement, the difference is only the position of the scale on the buzzer and the position of the motherboard is not fed by voltage. If the component is damaged: check the probe, the diode mode value is below 0.10 (the measurement requirement is to lift the leg of the component).

4. Name Inductor

Inductor Symbol

Code

Shape

L PL : Power Induktor

The inductor function in the laptop's motherboard is used to switching circuits. The inductor in the switching circuit system serves to store the charge. And utilized for saving measurement point as well as capacitors, but

the measurement results more accurate to the capacitor than the inductor. Basically in circuit, switching inductor and capacitor function is same, to save current when switch is connected and release its charge when the switch is released, but there are advantages of each component. Inductors are widely used as circuit breakers one and another, when the execution process narrows the characteristic shorting of the motherboard. And in other techniques, inductors are used as short-chip detectors and short circuit.

4.1. Characteristic of Inductor

In a switching circuit system, the inductor serves to store the charge. When the switch is connected and discharges its charge, when the switch is released, in this way the current constantly enters the load. This component is in fact never damaged, unless the type of small inductor is shaped like a lice resistor in the LVDS & GPU system. As well as capacitors, inductors are utilized for safe measurement points. In addition, inductors are also used for syringes point and integral circuit breakers between one series and another (narrowing the search for short tracking on standard execution methods). Note: There are many repetitions of the same word to be easier to remember and faster to understand until you are bored with the repetition means you can already remember it.

4.2. Inductor Measurement

Identification of inductor measurement for determines good or bad is very simple. Techniques: The term is do not use voltage and scale position on buzzer/diode value mode. If the multimeter rang, it means the component is still good although its value is below 0.10

5.

Diode Name

Diode Rectifier

Symbol

Code

Shape

D PD: Power Diode

Diode has different form and series, one of them is like the image beside. In motherboard laptop, general function of diode is for rectifier and alternating current protection. Diode is an active component of semiconductor which consists of junction P-N / A / K. The characteristic of the diode is that it can conduct current at forward voltage and inhibit current at reverse voltage. There is another name for the circuit diode also known as rectifier. You can develop more specific later. But on component delivery materials for motherboard focuses on memorization codes and symbols for applications on the material, because initial requirement of reading schematic is memorize

the form and the next symbol function and circuit analysis. Name

Symbol

Code

Shape

D PD : Power Diode

Diode Zener

Diode Zener is an electric component which made of semi-conductor and a diode type for operating in Reverse Bias Circuit. When paired to Circuit forward bias, Zener Diodes will be has the characteristics and functions as normal diodes in general, but on laptop motherboard diode zener lot on use for voltage stabilizer. Name

Symbol

Schottky Diode (SCR)

Code

Shape

D PD: Power Diode

Three Leg Diode

As a switch control in circuit, the form and function it’s like a transistor, but it’s different. This Three leg diode function in motherboard laptop is for circuit protection and helping the transistor. Name LED Diode

Symbol

Code

Shape

D PD: Power Diode

The function of LED Diode in motherboard laptop is almost 95% for light indicator. Because power consumption is very low, lot of product motherboard using SMD DIODE LED type. Damage on diode in motherboard is very rare, it is like just 1 in 10 laptop. Because if diode broken or damage it will be break the charge/voltage/current. To measuring diode, equate measuring diode with inductor measurement techniques. And if the three leg diode, watch the direction at diode symbol A to K.

6.

Transistor Name

Symbol

Code

Shape

Q PQ : Power Transistor

3 Legs Transistor

Transistor function as an amplifier, breakers and connectors (switch), voltage stabilization, signal modulation. But generally in the laptop motherboard 3 legs transistors in use as switch. Name

Symbol

Code

Shape

Q PQ : Power Transistor

6 Legs Transistor

In many laptop motherboards it use in switching circuits detector/protection circuit. (Charging area/DC Jack area & LVDS). For extra, be careful when you want to remove the LCD or the other part, you have to take off the battery and the adapter should not be plugin. Name 8 Legs Transistor Mosfet or PChannel Mosfet

Symbol

Code

Shape

Q PQ : Power Transistor

P - Chanel Mosfet in laptop motherboard used in charging and DC circuits Jack, which functions as protection circuit to close or passed the voltage of 19V / S5 circuit. While outside the bypass line DC jack and charging, this component is not in use. In the Input Voltage circuit and any output, the value is the same except the gate which is ½ value of input and output values (generally) although not all of them like that. Because the characteristic of this component decided payload and only move on the positive track which works as ordered from the gate between pass the voltage or not (switch). So, if this component is broken, the input will find the voltage and at the output

do not find. With the condition on the gate there is voltage. In reality the damage characteristics of this component are: Cannot use batteries, cannot wear adapter, batteries cannot charging. Must Plugin the adapter even though the battery has full. In addition, the protection system will be active if there is a short in the output path after the charging circuit, result the voltage is only at the mosfet input only (but the mosfet is good condition). So, do not directly fix the mosfet, mainly on total dead short damage. First make sure the output path of the mosfet is not the short way by measuring the diode value mode (buzzer) the position of the motherboard does not use Voltage. The red probe on the output leg of the mosfet and black probe on ground, and if it beeps sound, can be sure there are short in the lane output after mosfet, especially on VIN path. So all you have to do is checking on VIN line.

Name Transistor Mosfet N Channel

Symbol

Code

Shape

Q PQ : Power Transistor

The shape of mosfet N-Channel is same with mosfet P-channel, but has a different function. N-channel in laptop motherboard is many used as lowering voltage and Current amplifier in the process of switching (step down) inside switching/SMPS circuit. This component often found and in use for VRAM circuit, VCC CORE, GPU CORE, 3V &5V. After memorizing shapes, symbols and codes develop more specific in theory about this mosfet because of this component very important both from the pin and the system it works with datasheet. Because in the latest motherboard there is a double name of mosfet and designed mosfet in BGA chip system. If you are basically having missed much, we can catch up on this and there's no word too late to learn.

6.1. N-Channel and P-Channel Mosfet Characteristic

Mospet P - chanel is often found in DC jack and Charging circuits. Character and the function of this component serve as a protection circuit. Example, If there is short after output (pin 5678) then automatically gate on pin 4 will open the gate as ordered from SYSTEM, consequently the voltage is only present on pin 123 only. And if not found short circuit on the output then 90% certainly this mosfet is problematic. And other problems are also sourced from mosfet underneath (we call it a small transistor 6 legs).

N-Chanel Mosfet in parallel arrangement (HIGH & LOW), on a continuous basis simple, works for the switching process that its function is for decrease voltage according to gate command voltage from DC or IC 3V & 5V. This is the conclusion of the difference of N-channel and p-channel mosfet. If N-channel is identical to parallel circuit while P-Channel identical to the series. Consider one of the legs of the MOSFET that connected to the ground. If this

component is damaged, consequently SHORT CIRCUIT, even the damaged underneath or above the mosfet. Gate on the N-channel mosfet is rarely problematic, because in this path there is no component to pass (toll roads). Except, the absence of gate or command voltage of the controller itself in this case IC 3V & 5V problem. The characteristics of toll roads can be to narrow down the identification of measurements on the circuit. The characteristics of this component if damaged will be short circuit. And its effects to all circuits is almost equal to capacitor, although only one component is damaged the others components will be affected of short notice. The solution may remove one by one of the affected components subject to shorting indications or more quickly by injection technique. May take off the adjacent inductor to bypass the connection between the circuits. We develop later in material system 3V and 5V. (If you still are confused with the material of functions and applications to the circuit, we as technicians simply hold on to how to test/check the components either good or not, that is enough).

6.2. Good and Damaged Component Testing

K1 is a scale on multimeter, and remember that technique is simple no need to make complicated and dizzy because technique is an art. Jump to the measurement, we divided it into 2. They are the measurement of voltage and component measurement. The measurement of voltage is the measurement using voltage, while component measurement does not use voltage. And that we will discuss from sample image above is the component measurement. Do not read this material first, if the previous material about the components of the form, symbols and functions have not memorized yet. And if already memorized, we go again slowly. The point is if the component is damaged note the picture G3, the measurement is enough to reverse the probe with K2 scale and we are pegged on one theory only (if we have reverse the probes, and there is a sounds then component is damaged). The rest of the results, that the component is still good or worthy use, the measurement may be inside or outside circuit. And only applies to DIODE, MOSFET, CAPACITOR, while the special one for F (fuse) if we have reverse the probes, and there is a sound, its means the components are in good condition. How to measure for resistor and IC? specifically for resistor measurement wear a special tool called SMD tester because its accuracy. As for measuring IC later we will explain through the method of measuring the voltage. Accurate measurement by removing the leg component next/side lift.

6.3 Testing of Legs Components

Measurement of 3 Legs Components 1. Red probe on single leg and black probe on the right leg (must have value on display multimeter). 2. Then we reverse the probe position, the red one on the right PIN and the black one on single PIN (there should be no value on the multimeter display). 3. If the measurement results are not as described, then the component is damaged (or else failure). 4.

Testing should be without voltage and remove the components.

7.

Crystal Name Crystal

Symbol

Code X-TAL

Form

This serves as a clock pulse producer. Crystals are an important component in Oscillator circuit and RTC circuit. In use within the scope of the component high speed. For example, PCH and EC as a series of generators/working conditions of the chipset component is the point. Crystal in oscillator circuit can only be measured with oscilloscope/counter at least 100 mHz. But do not worry, this component is rarely damaged except on the system itself or where the component is in place it on a circuit like input circuit before entering it, like resistor / comparator capacitor.

8. Name CMOS

CMOS Symbol

Code

Form

RTC

It functions to save BIOS settings and time/date in the motherboard. Before the mandatory voltage, there is actually a voltage on the motherboard called CMOS. There are 2 terms of the same name but different functions like RTC and RTC circuit crystal oscillator. Later we will encounter in schematic what is RTC circuit. If the CMOS is corrupted, then the time setting will be always changing. On windows will be an error especially when browsing. In other cases, if the CMOS battery is damaged or discharged when in the adapter plug, the laptop immediately flames itself. I often forget to reinstall CMOS after the execution process, it is a mandatory law, when the CMOS execution process must be first off to avoid fatal error (in CMOS there is a voltage 3V, there is a description in the component body). Testing the CMOS in a good condition or not is easy. You measure it, if the CMOS voltage is 3V then CMOS is ok. If the voltage drops till 1V or even 0 then CMOS is not worth wearing. So how do you measure it? We continue this slowly.

9.

Connector

No

Name

1

SOCKET

Symbol

Code

CN

Form

General Function On Motherboard Laptop Sockets that are in technical language are called connector/connection/conductor. In the electricity it called terminal. Many connectors inside the scope of Laptop motherboard, like jack power, battery, Keyboard sockets, Ram, Processor, Hdd, Dvd, etc. So each CN code is the connector. This component is never damaged except physical defects or bad solder, it will cause no communication or disconnected. The solution: repeat the solder.

2

Jumper

PJ/TJ

The terminal join, or in schematic called jumper ( works for connect one system and others). Also used for reset points. For its shape please take the sample of Motherboard and pay attention there is a small solder pile like a hill, if we release the solder terminal terminal join will be disconnected.

3

On/Off Switch

SW

No need explanation for this, we may already know because often found in all electronic devices and electrical systems. That needs to be a benchmark there is SW code which means switch.

10. Name IC

IC Symbol

Code

Form

PU

IC (Integrated Circuit) is Component active electronics consisting of composite hundreds or even millions of transistors, resistors and other components being integrated into an Electronics Circuit in a small packaging. Forms of IC also vary, ranging from 3 Legged to hundreds of legs (terminal). IC functions are also diverse, ranging from amplifier, switching, and controller to media storage. Generally, IC is electronic components are used as brain in an Electronics Equipment. IC is a semiconductor component that is very sensitive to ESD (Electro Static Discharge). For example, IC that function as brain on a computer called as Microprocessor, consists of 16 million transistors and that number has not yet been included other electronic components.

All components with PU code are IC, but the code function is different. A lot of PU on the motherboard. So, for beginners, you should creative to take one sample motherboard and see how much PU in the motherboard, then take a look datasheet to know the function and how it works. As time passes you will know the function of each PU with its code, because it is only a few IC manufacturers use in laptop motherboards like Realtek, Broadcom, Atheros, TPS, Maxim etc. IC is the brain of each circuit (controller). Let us simplify easily, only if IC for voice then we call IC sound. If IC for 3V and 5V then its name also i3 3V and 5V. And the location of IC is not far from hardware that will be enabled. Identification of a good or bad IC should be with schematic to know the input pin and outputs. Measurement techniques must also use voltage not like other components in general. We continue on series later. The IC shape is a box like the picture on the side, there is also a square and always identical to the number of pins it’s a lot. And there are also shapes such as a mosfet. So we are in demand from symbol codes or their respective forms component. We describe some common IC for advanced knowledge on some IC component materials below For basic measurement techniques please on the input and its output first.

Name Amplifier

Symbol

Code OP-AMP

11. Amplifier and Digital Logic Gates The form of PU in symbol schematic shaped like digital gate, it is components are almost similar to 6 or the word amp is identical to the amplifier on old home-based electronic devices, such as radio. But in a laptop motherboard, amp is functions as a regulator of power/Regulation of power, which in general already specially designed in IC system although there are some who do not. We will find OP-AMP on the diagram IC work system in component datasheet. Knowledge for digital system little important & for beginners this material you can skip it first. The symbol resembles a logic gate digital, even there is a resemblance to gate notes and Schmitt trigger ones. Its function is to clean up and amplifies the signal before it is sent to output and advanced circuit. There are characteristic also in the gate system logic like Schmitt trigger gate, there are inverting (almost the same With NOT gate) and some NON Inverting. 8 legs mosfet. But just calm down, this type of component is rare in damage.

DATASHEET Datasheet is a complete description of a component about it function, Characteristic, How to Work, work system, pin description, etc. Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datasheet So with Datasheet we will easily know the functions of each component in the motherboard more specific and complete. How to read datasheet? The key is Learn - learn and learn, read, read and read and you will understand the key.

In technicians worlds, especially in IC usage datasheet enough to know the source of incoming voltage and function, to make sure the component is good or damaged, that's it. We will see the description below and the points: There are terms of input voltage and the most common in use is VIN and VCCP.

How to Read Datasheet Lots of websites that provide document datasheet or component data, for example: https://www.ti.com/ or http://www.alldatasheet.com/

The code used for searching is the top Or can use schematic because the most code on the component body. If code and brand IC is more clear not found go to the code in the middle.

Write IC code to datasheet website

Or by directly to google. When we want to find the terms on the schematic any searching media now already support for example we want to know what is LPC, DMI etc.

This is an description of the first image, Write the iC code on the web Directly view or download it dataseheet It will come out the arrangement of pdf and skew it code.

Table of contents of the datasheet on how ic works. Description of the pin and its description. Keep reading.

Description and component function

Detail description of work system circuit

Detail description of work system circuit & detail description of PIN function

Detail description of input and output

Diagram description of IC work system

A detailed description of the terms of the IC work

Description of signal and voltage details

MOTHERBOARD STRUCTURE Schematic Simulation – Design - layout

Schematic Simulation – Design - Layout

DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE

1.

Image 1.1 Motherboard Structure

Motherboard functions as a place for components and the path that connects it. You can see at image 1.1. Image information: note the first picture Image 1 (Schematic) Is a layout, path and information about components in motherboard (schematic is a motherboard map) Image 2 (Design) In the world of electronics engineering, motherboard design is included into the scope of the material engineering drawings. If we look at simulation schematic - design - layout on image no 2, there is a difference of path form (art technique). However, on the basis of its function is the same as conductor Image 3 (Layout) Form a perfect circuit that has been installed components and ready to enable. Please simulate, and then look at the next 3 sample images in the table. And i hope you already understand for this theory. 2. TRACING/MOTHERBOARD PATH Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 2.2 Motherboard Structure

Image information: Note different image 2.2 and see the difference image 1 to 3. Image 1: Is the basic structure of the motherboard after the print design process.

Note (No 1 - 2 - 3 - 4) is a type of path that has been modified with the art of drawing. So also in image 2 where the motherboard has been given color. In addition to functioning to beautify motherboard is also to prevent short circuits/shorting materials/hardware that have conductive properties when direct contact with paths on the motherboard. Notice in the image 1 and 2 in the description of image no 3 where the end of the path in connection with circles, and circles are directly related to the motherboard part board path rear as an example in image 3 simulated the front lane and the rear lane of the board motherboard. There is even a manufacture that designs 3 layer motherboards (front lane - middle -Back).

path.

And note the example motherboard image in bottom table and see the

3. COMPONENT CODE The component codes are contained on the laptop's motherboard. If we apply with a map of a country the component code is the names of a city/province as a layout hint. While the path is a name street connect it. Name Components Code table

4. PIN 1 SIMULATION FORM Zooming Picture

Image Information: No. 1: The position of the IC legs always arranged reversed clockwise. No. 2: Enlarge the image and note the order of the 1st to last leg position following the reverse direction clockwise. But we must be careful, when looking at the pin position on the schematic. It because on schematic pin position in random or not sequentially unlike on the motherboard. No. 3: Special position for large or regular shaped IC we often find in IC SIO/CHIPSET. The position of 1 leg is in the straight line of the initial capital letters of the code on the component (inside the scope PIN 1 motherboard is usually marked with arrow code, Lines, and dots). No. 4: The position of PIN 1 above is in the straight line of the initial capital letters of the code on the component. Note: There is a difference between the images and position of PIN 1, between picture no. 3 & No. 4. This is possible confusing. The solution,

we note the PIN 1 on the components and PIN code 1 on the motherboard before discharging the components so that the installation process is not reversed, because it will fatal result. Or often pay attention to Position PIN 1 on all brands of motherboards as material comparison for advanced understanding. 5. SIMULATION FORM CODE COMPONENTS AND PIN Zooming Picture

Picture information: Enlarge image & note the position of PIN1 on component and motherboard. PIN code 1 on motherboard symbolized with the code: triangle arrows, lines, and dots. On other motherboards as well we often find the PIN code 1 in the form of two triangular curve lines. Take one sample motherboard then apply this material. Note component code on motherboard below

6. CODE BOARD

The function of code board in motherboard are : Looking for hardware drivers. Looking for motherboard bios files easily. Looking for a motherboard schematic easily. Code board on the motherboard include with code board contained in the schematic diagram (must be the same Code) this serves to match the data in all the scope of motherboard and schematic

7. TECHNIQUE TO FIND COMPONENT ON MOTHERBOARD AND SCHEMATIC

This technique can be apply to : The component burns, so that when it comes to replacing the component code and the type of component that is in use is not visible or burned. Then the schematic role here will be in need. Find component layout for schematic Example : We want to find component (C387 then that we need is schematic & after open schematic press keyboard ctrl - F (then well show the navigation box then write C387 then the layout of the components and the circuit in schematic will open. This technique applies to all components. And can to overcome Lane burning. Fast watering can also is using the software board view facility.

8. BOARD VIEWER

There are many types of software to display the layout components directly on the motherboard. Broadview at its development now functions more complex not just looking for the layout of components but already equipped with type of voltage. And we use sample common and often in use it as a picture of what is

board view. Download its software (PCB Repair tool). Example: as in figure on the side. The board view extension is not like schematic, but in the form of a file with which in general is (FZ.BV ASC DLL) example file like the picture on the side.

If PCB Repair Tool software is already downloaded. Double file the exe, then the software can be used and running on windows 64 and 32 bits. Then input file Fz.bv or asc according to brand and type of laptop that you get then input copy file fz it In doc folder PCB Repair Tool software. How to do: Click setup then click preferences as shown. Click doc file storage FZ and collect as many files Example fz file saved at doc program PCB Repair Tool After that to open the file you copied earlier, press Keyboard fn - F10 and click file you want to display. The file is ready to operate as shown in the picture. Example when you want to look for voltage layout. In board view is complete with detail components description

If not understand yet, you can click help Board view may be combined with schematic to be more accurate. Because in general, board view function is to find the location of components on the motherboard faster. Especially, the blank code motherboard.

SCHEMATIC LEARNING DEFINITION of TERM TECHNIQUE Basic Terms AC DC AMPHERE VOLTAGE POWER/WATT RESISTOR LOAD Voltage Definition INPUT OUTPUT NEGATIVE POSITIVE GROUND CLOCK RESET DATA

Term AC ACDRV

General Definitions Alternate Current Direct current Current flowing Power Supply The amount of voltage required Resistance Load Definition

Signal

Input Output Voltage have a value below 0

Input confirmation Communicate

Information Alternating Current

Term VTT

AC Adapter to System VTERM Switch Driver Output ACEDET Adaptor Current Detector VUSB ACGOOD Valid Adapter Active-Low VGA Detect Logic OpenDrain Output

In Out + GND CLK Reset PCI & etc

Information Memory Termination Voltage Memory Termination voltage Power Power VGA (VGPX/VGPU/VCVOD)

ACIN ACN ACOP ACOV ACP ADP+

Adaptor Current Sensor Input Adaptor Current Sense Resistor Input Over-Power pPotection Input Over Voltage Protection Adapter Current Sense Resistor,Positive Input Adapter Positive Supply

ADP_ID AGND ALWP B+

Adapter Indentity Anallog Ground Always Power Ac or Bat Power Rail for Power Circuit BATT Battery BAT+ Bat Power Rail for Power Circuit BAT_DRV Bat Fet Gate Driver BAT_V Baterry Voltage BT_EN Bluetooth Enable BUZER Connected BYP Baypass BOM Bill of Material Management BT F FSEL CHGEN

Button FUSE Frequency Select Input Charge Enable Active-Low Logic Input

VGFX

Power Graphic Chip

VREF

Voltage References

LCDV

Lcd Power

ODD

Output Disc Driver

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect PGOOD Power Good Open Drain Output PIR Product Improved Record PSI# Current Indicator Input PVCC Ic Power Positive Supply RSMRST Resume Reset RTC SB

Real Tme Clock South Bridge

SHDN SYS_SDN SPI TD THRM TMDS

Shut Down System Shutdown Serial Peripheral Interfaace Death Time Themal Sensor Transition Minimized Difflerential signaling (TRANSMISI DATA TEKNOLOGY) Tes Point Death Time Thermal Sensor Tes Point

TP TD THRM TP

CIN CRT CSIN CSIP DC DRAM DOCK EC EC_ON EN ENTRIP LCDV LDO LGATE LPC LVDS MBAT ODD PCI PGOOD PIR

Input Capasitor Cathode Ray Tube Current Sensor Input Negatif Current Sensor Input Positif Direct Current Dynamic RAM: RandomAccess Memory that uses a continuous clock Docking Socket Embedded Controler

TPAD V V+

Thermal Pad Rail (POWER) Positive Vortage

VADJ

Output Regulation Vortage

VALW VAWLP

Always on Power Valw Pad

VBAT VCCP

Embedded Controle Enable Enable Enable Terminal

VCORE

Battery Power Power Chip (Ic Graphic Chips) Power Processor

Lcd Power Linear Oiver output Lower-Side Mosfet Gate Signal Low Pin Court Low-Voltage Diflerential Signaling (SYSTEM PENSIGNALAN) Main Batteray Output Disc Driver Peripheral Component Interconnect

VDS VFB VGS

VDD VDDR

Control Power Suplly Power ddr (VDRAM/VRAM/VMEM) Voltage Drain Source Freedback Inputs Power Voltage Gate Source

VIN VIN

Input Vortage Range Adapter Power Supply (vol_in)

VL VL VLDOIN

Power Lock Vortage Power Supply of the VTT and VTTREF Output Stage (to powerMOS) Volt _Out

Power Good Open-Drain VOT Output Product Improved Record VRAM

Power Memory

PSI#

Current Indicator Input

VREF

PVCC RSMRST SYS_SDN VIN VIN

VS VS+ VSB VSS VSW

VL

Ic Power Positive Supply Resume Reset System Shutdown Input Vortage Range Adapter Power Supply (vol_in) Power Lock

VL

Vortage

VTERM

VLDOIN

Power Supply of the Vtt and Vttref Output Stage (to powerMOS) Volt _Out

VUSB

VOT VRAM VREF

VTT

VGA

VS

Power Memory VGFX Power References Schema VREF References Permintan Shcema Suitch Power HDMI

VS+ VSB VSS VSW VRM

Support Voltage Positive Power Switch Botton Signal Grount Power Switch Circuit konfirmasi

GATE

Trigger Gate

GND

Ground

ID IDM IIN SPI IIN (SHDN) IIN (STBY) IS

Power References Schema Reference Permintaan schema Suitch Power Support Voltage Positive Power Switch Botton Signal Grount Power Witch Memory Termination Voltage Memory Termination Voltage Power usb Power vga (VGPX/VGPU/VCVOD) Power Graphic Chip Voltage References High-definition Multimedia Interface Continuous Drain Current Pulsed Drain Current Operating Supply Current Serial Peripheral Interface Shutdown Supply Current Standby Supply Current Continuous Source Current (diode conduction)

GP

Ground Pin

IPIN

GPI GPIO

General Power Input General Power Input Output

JP KBC

Battery Supply Current at VIN pin JUMPER POINT Keyboard Controler

EMII Term of Circuit Voltage divider Rectifier Rectifier DC Converter Converter Detector Filter Step Down Step Up OP-Amp

Term Circuit Motherboard DC IN & BATTERY CHARGER

Elektromagnetik Interference (GANGGUAN ELEKTROMAGNETIK) Definition

Divider voltage Rectifier circuit AC To DC DC to Dc DC to DC Detector load Filter Lowering voltage Riser voltage Amplifier

Definition Circuit for battery charging and power jack circuit in the initial gate power

SYSTEM 3V/ 5V PCU GPU CORE

Step-down circuit for lowering 19V to 3V or 5V Circuit and voltage power supply for chip ( ICH/GMCH)

GPX CORE

Circuit for processor power supply

VCC CORE

Circuit for processor power supply

TERMAL Circuit heat detector supply PROTECTION DISCHARGE/+1,8 Circuit Suspend LDO V DDR1,5 V & 0.9 Circuit power supply for RAM CLOCK GENERATOR LVDS

Circuit for produce clock signal Circuit for display on screen LCD

POWER BUTTON Circuit switch on/off CONN RTC/CKT

Connector Circuit CMOS & frequency generator CHIF

DIS

Circuit VGA External generator

UMA

Circuit VGA Internal generator

PWM

Circuit Pulse Widget Modulation controller

COMPARATOR DMI LPC BUS CRT

Circuit comparator Digital Media Interference Circuit Communication Circuit for external monitor and projector

SPI FLASH (KBC) Circuit BIOS DEFINITION OF MOTHERBOAR CIRCUIT

Power AC_IN +19V +0.9VS +1.8V +1.8VS +1.5VS

Power pin B+ AD + VIN SUSB# SUSB# SUSB# SUSB#

+2.5VS +3V

SUSB# SUSB#

+5V +5VS

SUSC# SUSB#

+3VALWAYS +5VALWAYS +5VLCM +5VCHG +VCORE +VCCP +12V +3V

(AC IN) (AC IN) (AC/BAT IN) (AC/BAT IN) VID VR_ON SUSC# SUSCH#

+3VS

SUSB#

+5V +5VS

SUSC# SUSB#

Controller Device AC Dock Input, (19V~24V) Input Power all Regulator Motherboard DDR2 SODIM Calistoga, DDR2 SODIMM G72M Calistoga, ICH7-M, MINI Card Socket, New Card Socket Calistoga, G72M Thermal Sensor, Calitoga, System Clock Generator, DDR2 SODIMM SPD, G72M, LVDS connector, TPM, blue tooth socket, ICH7-M, PCI interface, super-IO controller, IrDA, keyboard controller, audio controller, GIGA LAN, MINI Card socket , Media card controller, New card socket, 1394 EEPROM USB, G913C, New card socket G72M, ICH7-M, HDD, CD-ROM, flash ROM, keyboard controller, internal touchpad, Audio AMP, FN ICH7-M, TPM PST9013NR (protect over voltage) Micro P (PIC16F57) MAX8724ETI, power – ON/OFF logic CPU CPU I/O PCMCIA Slot 12V PCMCIA controller, PCMCIA Slot 3.3V, keyboard controller, LAN ICH4-M, Clock Generator,PCI intyerface, Super I/O,AC97 CODEC, FWH, Thermal sensor,IR PCMCIA Slot 5V , USB HDD, CD-ROM, Internal Touch Pad, Audio

AMP +5VALWAYS AC_BAT_SYS ICH4_M (Resume Well) LAN (WOL in S4/S5) RTCVCC ICH4-M (RTC) +V1.5S SUSB# GMCH+, ICH4-H +V1.8S SUSB# CPU VCCA +V2.5 SUSC# DDR, SODIMM, GMCH LVDS +V1.2S SUSB# GMCH +V1.25S SUSB# DDR Termination VOLTAGE – SIGNAL NAME – POWER CONTROL PIN AND CONTROL DEVICE

UNDERSTANDING BASIC CODE OF SCHEMATIC PATH Schematic diagrams are always synonymous with code and symbols. Memorize some of the symbols below: Path

Schematic diagram application

Information A path that only passes and does not have a relationship. And in principle the lane is a path connecting one components and others that connect one pin and others. Every time there is a dot

in the intermediate meeting both lines indicate the existence a relationship or a triangle path or branch line or path junction or cross path. Code of incoming signal or input signal code It’s like a bow whole arrow or bow arrow the lines of command line. The characteristic is no resistor in series or Parallel, because the current is small Line of analog or digital information Code Signal out or output signal. His code such as an intact bow or bow arrow the lines. Which means the path from outside the circuit goes inside circuit that is mutually sustainable / interconnected Place for Input point or output voltage. This point is a continuous path or connected to other

circuits. Relationship feedback configuration of complex function. it can send information and receive information If we apply a path that is dyed in blue it is a separate path but in schematic deliberately wrapped with a thick blue color code so not too complicated. No image No image

No image

No image

PAD Jumper (other than inductor jumper point cans be use for the point of measurement and separation of system circuit one and others). Ground Test point / PAD. Yellow PCB point Additional facilities to facilitate the technicians measure the path because the path on the motherboard store layer to layer.

No image

No image

Don’t have a relationship Note the pin sequence in the IC description which is not as regular as the order of pins on IC form. Why not sequence? Because if made in sequence will many crossed line projects and too complicated. Therefore, sometimes the order the location of components on different schematic with the component layout on motherboard. If in schematic like adjacent it could be in the motherboard very far.

INFORMATION IN SCHEMATIC SEE AND LEARN THE CODE AS DIRECTED BEFORE

TECHNIQUE TO FIND SIGNAL RELATIONSHIP In the picture beside, is the input code signal with signal ACIN (27) means that ACIN signal source can come from on page 27. Our technique can directly open page 27 or with quick techniques like in the picture on the side: Press CTRL - F on the keyboard keys then will appear column find. In that column we are type ACIN signal name then enter. Then automatically will be directed to the page where is a description of signal ACIN as on next picture. Conclusion: The output signal code in the image on the side changed to the input signal code in the image previously so Signal AC in sourced from pin ACOX on charging IC and its voltage value Of +3VPCU as in the picture at side. Note: ACIN is the input signal for EC where source signal comes from CHARGING IC. (Open schematic ACER ZG7) and please go straight on Practice and apply.

POWER MOTHERBOARD KNOWING POWER MOTHERBOARD The power system is used in the basic circuit structure of the laptop motherboard circuit Is both analog and digital automation systems and power supply circuit systems are in use 90% type of switching power supply system (SMPS) and LDO where output result from circuit regulator serves as an input source for a chip microcontroller and microprocessor. While the other circuits are the sensors circuit and logic. I hope here you start dizzy. ANALOG AND DIGITAL REGULATOR The difference between analog and digital circuits lies in the function of the circuit itself. We apply Simple analog electronics system is an electronic system built in Manual, While the digital circuit is an automatic circuit. An example of a long time ago before i was born to climb a building I had to walk up the stairs a lot, and the technology to facilitate humans in the activity and so forth. Like the ladder now we have found in buildings has been transformed into an escalator (running staircase). The manual ladder is electronic analog and running ladder is digital (automatic) electronics. Technological developments increasingly rapidly along with the progress of the growing era and escalator transformed now into LIFT, so also in the system of electronic devices as well such as mobile phones and others. Then what is the difference between analog and digital in a circuit Electronic? We learn step by step with table

below: Analog Circuit

Introduction Principle of conductor, in this case is cable, works as the component one and another also Pin one and pin other (intermit). The quantity of a carrier depends on the need to the circuit. Charge A pole in electrical electronics called pole positive and pole Negative. The charge will run through the carrier coming from resources (electricity). The charge flows from a positive to a negative point anything and in this case (voltage and current). Load The load contained in the conductor (negative and positive is two poles that copy contradictory (if meet directly can clash). Example without being attached a load if These two poles meet directly there will be a short circuit, just try the electrical cable we put together then plugs into the power supply / power outlet) I expect you to do not be desperate try it if not strong faith. But if cable we attach a lamp (automatic will happen energy transfer from electrical energy to light). Note the illustration at side picture: A cable/conductor that is in basic electrical engineering. Circuit at symbolize the 2 lines (positive and negative And no circuit will work if one of them does not work or breaks. But in digital electronic circuits do not get us wrong because there are 3 additional basic terms (positive negative and ground)

Positive is a pole that has a voltage and current charge. Negative is a pole that has a value but below 0 for example -0.5V. The third is ground/disposal whose value is 0. Still in the basic principle of cable/path in the circuit. Besides there is a red dot symbol at the branched line meeting. That meaning the voltage runs in addition to the side also down. In the previous picture there are 2 input paths meet but no point mark on the second meeting of the path. Conclusion if there is a sign the point is a connect path and if there is no point though the path meet indicates the path does not connect/only passing by. To know the basic circuit of electronics, it's basically an electronics circuit is made of these two circuits are called series and parallel with the addition of several components depending on its function. (Now the components in the circuit are much different from the circuit previous basis). Circuit series is a circuit where the composition of the arrangement is only in place on the positive track. While the circuit is in a stacking parallel is a circuit where the component arrangement is wrong one leg is connected to ground. And this is where the law of engineering begins applying (electronics calculations). In this theory we are just at focus on basic introduction, so calculate our electronics ignore it first (because it’s dizzying). But later you should learn it on another time on another occasion. Power Resource – Conductor – Charge and Load Remember the previous posts if the two cables we united in the absence a burden will then occur shorting. And if

an attached load (in this circuit load is in use is a light then electronic principle will work positive pole will flow to negative pole and energy transfer from electric energy into low. But the resources or energy will be consumed by the load for example battery will run out if in use to run a circuit system. Then in circuit electronics needs resources must be adjusted to the needs of a consumption Load mainly for electronics components "let me not Wasteful "or overloaded resulting in damage. More and more examples of lights in the home We use the bigger the electricity bill every month. From this is where the development of electronic world begins. Learn basic techniques you can use special software electronics (Protel dxp or proteus) because this software can simulate circuit without you direct practice with the tools and materials needed. There are electric plugs, one positive & negative cable and one lamp. Circuit is built depending on function and consumption needs a load and an energy source to run a lamp It is the source of the voltage where the source is here the voltage comes from the voltage of the "AC" grid.

Analog & Digital Circuit Basic Circuit digital / circuit automatic. If we look at the image of the circuit /Circuit lamp before there is no socket. And on the picture In addition we have paired the plug ( If we plug the power outlet then the socket will function as Breaker and connecting a conductor (switch), switch can be on put on a positive track or on a ground path. Digital Circuit on build up with the basic principle of switch (on or off). Later we will discuss more

specifically. Schematic – Path Design And Layout Component The path on a PCB board/motherboard works the same way such as a cable as a conductor if only 1 - 3 components of use PCB is not required but if more than 10 components and circuit not using a PCB will be a lot of convoluted cable and will confusing of course. Technique is art so it's up to the designer want in what kind of image and how. This is the basis schematic application to the motherboard. Knowing current, voltage and resistor Basically electrical energy in analog electronics is divided into 2 elements that flow simultaneously that is "Voltage and current "voltage is the amount of consumption in the need a load, the greater the voltage difference/total load Then the greater the current that is in need and here is important in Need a Barriers. Barriers function to hold back the magnitude strong current flowing to the load. Then how to measure Voltage current and resistance? Later up here first. Here I hope you will start dizzy again. So read and learn this material thoroughly. Understanding Principle of Voltage Properties Working voltage is voltage source energy in need of a load/system. More and more voltage is consumed for A load then ampere is in need even greater. Working stress In term With the most common engineering terms (vcc vin).

In digital circuit it is need voltage command or a voltage ordered a system to work. Although there is already a working voltage, if Voltage command had a problem then the system does not work/move (wait for command). In the most common terms are: reset Enable and disable. Control voltage, We called it in a simple confirmation voltage (which flows from one place to another or traffic information Such information in the form of work rules and also notices, which in technical terms is called (STRINGER SDA. SCA. PWRGOOD). Clock is a voltage that carries data primarily for communication needs at high speed. Clock in a clock coordination timer whenever a component is working. Is digital communication that is in terms technique called DMI (DIGITAL MEDIA INTERFERENS) Or PCI & etc. Conclusion: Do all digital circuits require all Input and this type of voltage. Measurement is divided into 2, manual and digital measurements. For voltage work can be measured with a multimeter tool so also with a command voltage. While The logic, clock and data voltages are more accurate If the measurement using a special tool is good

The consequence of counter or oscilloscope can be Looks the value and type of waves. Okay let us Learn this later.

MOTHERBOARD CIRCUIT SYSTEM Power supply is a device that is supplying electrical energy to one or more electrical loads. It is most often used for devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another energy. The function of power supply is to control the output voltage at a certain value and make it constant. Power supply can be implemented as a discrete, stand-alone or as integral device designed to load. Laptop motherboard use low voltage DC. Most laptop motherboard has a power supply that is packed in the integration circuit called (PU). This chip that regulates the distribution of the supply voltage to all the components needed. Beside the integrated chip, power supply also has a discrete component such as a diode rectifier, a capacitor as a voltage stabilizer and an inductor as supporting integrated circuits and some other power support. Power supply knowledge covers basic fundamentals of electronics, integrated circuit workings and components, functions and how to measure it, and how to understand the data sheet. POWER SUPPLY SWICTHING (SMPS) Below the description which are very easy to understand. Basically, the conventional power supply is a power supply that working linearly (continue), it means that the output voltage continuously into the load. I will not discuss lowering circuit voltage (step-down), rectifier or filter and so on, because here we are talking about the principle or the workings of power supply in general.

In the image, we can see the loads (eg lights) are connected to voltage source (eg batteries), certainly will stay light on during the battery power is still there and the circuit cable is not disconnected. The current magnitude that flows on the wire depending on how large the load resistance, smaller the load resistance, greater the current flows. If the current overly large flows and occurs continuously can resulting in hot and burning wires. Therefore required cable sizes that correspond to the value load. So conventional power supply is like a variable resistor in which the resistance value can vary according to the weights. The profits using the conventional power supply is simplicity in the design, and the disadvantage is inefficient, because the flow continuously flowing to the load. The Power supply switching is actually a conventional power supply that was given switch, see picture: In the picture looks a "switch” between source voltage and load. What happens if the switch on press? Of course, the current will flow to the load, if the load is a lamp then surely the light goes on. And what happens if the switch is off? Of course, the lights will goes off. Well, what happens if you press and release the switch in fast- eg 10 times within 1 second? Then the lights will blink 10 times per second according to

the the amount of pressure on the switch. For example, If you hit 1000 times in 1 second then the light will blink 1000 times per second, but this time the lights flicker no longer visible to our eyes. So that the lights "as if" life continues. This is the basis of the technique of switching power supply. In practice, "switch" will be disconnected and connected a number of 50.000 times per second (50kHz) or more (depending on model) and of course who does breaker or connecting it is not you, but an electronic circuit that is specifically designed. So what the benefits of the system like this? By creating a system like this, current flowing to the load is no longer constant, but has a pause although a bit (in the order of milliseconds) but extremely helpful to reduce the heat on the wire line and a voltage source. So that the wire size and Another components can be reduced and automatically this makes the system becomes cheaper overall. When the switch disconnected even briefly, is there an impact on the load? It’s okay if the load of a lamp, what if the load is an electronic circuit that absolutely should not be disconnected from the power supply? Good question, if the load is a series electronics then it cannot be tolerated,

for it requires additional components, see the following picture bellow side here: In the picture look a coil (inductor) and the capacitor which are added in the circuit. The function of the inductor and This capacitor is to store the current when the switch Connected and release it is load when the switch detached, in this way a current constantly flow into the load so the problem is resolved. As I know, if a coil or inductor is traversed by a DC voltage that is intermittently will cause of AC voltage arise which can cause damage to the circuit, how to solve it? You are absolutely right, therefore, the circuit should be perfected by adding a diode, see image left side : Diode serves to remove the AC voltage arising from the inductor when the switch is "open", in practice this diode is plugged in the circuit and embedded directly in the switching MOSFET. For switch, the switch that used in switching power supply it's not the switch "manual" as above, but in the form of an ordinary transistor or mosfet that is designed specifically and connects the control circuit

(controller). The series of controller can be a series of usual oscillator and also be a specially-designed IC for the purpose of switching. Controller circuit serves to control switching is based on feedback received from the load. It means a heavy load controller will spur the switch for longer working and vice versa. What are the negative effects of this switching power supply system? There is a plus of course there is minus, one of them is the high noise that making it less suitable for use in the circuit audio system - HIFI (if you want to use it, you must use a filter which is really good) and its design is complicated. Fortunately now there are IC manufacturers that make IC switching so hassle the circuit can be overcome. In this section, the principle is the same as the previous SMPS circuit basis that has been written by the founder. A circuit that is built with switching power supply system, but the difference can be seen in the use of mosfet N-CHANNEL that used for automatic switch and generating resources for the mosfet itself (needs ampere). Because, if we look at mosfet symbol in which there is a diode that serves as

a rectifier (components in form of IC and in it there are circuit). This thing aims to narrow the scope of the circuit. So globally the mosfet serves as a switch automatic and lowering the voltage. 1. Coupling (an energy transfer technique to another energy. On circuit switching is the transfer of the power supply to the load). 2. FB (feedback received from the load). This means that if a heavy load controller will spur a switch for longer work and vice versa. FB taken from the resistor track voltage divider. 3. Decoupling is a technique for eliminating or maximize and filter the effect of coupling before entering the semiconductor components (IC and chipset) Illustration a signals and the series of systems: We need to know there are many types of signal waves in the electronic world. AC waveform has the properties of alternating current, so that the graph up and down. While the surge voltage DC with this kind (direct current), the type of waves straight or flat. And a square wave digital wave type I and 0 (Living Dead). The effect of switching on output MOSFETs will cause the AC signal,

then the AC signals will be blocked by the inductor coupling. Inductor coil is made of structures that are susceptible to interference electromagnetic so occasionally still generate a pulse signal ac, so it needs an additional filter, in this case is a capacitor for rectifying a DC signal or eliminate the coupling effects. Develop these materials on : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchedmode_power_supply

LDO POWER ( LINEAR DRIVER OUTPUT ) It’s not too complicated to understand this circuit, because there are only input and output in the circuit, whereas we need to understand is the ways of working of IC itself. So we must open the data sheet of the IC. Basically LDO same as any regulator switching, you can set the output voltage as needed. LDO circuit load much in use in the latest system motherboard. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowdropout_regulator

SYSTEM TO SYSTEM

Application: A rickshaw could move if someone were to pedaling the pedal. Input in this regard are the engine /power/the person that propelling pedal. While the system is electronic circuit, in this case is a rickshaw that serves to deliver passengers to a destination in accordance with the functions and how it works, and the passenger is the load, and the output is the payment. If there is no stimulus, the system will not work. If there were only passengers and the rickshaw certainly not running because there is no driver. If there is a driver but a rickshaw and the system is broken, definitely will not work and certainly will not anyone want hitchhike. And that is the purpose of the system - input – output. Each system (IC) requires power so that it can work well. However, input in this system is the power supply and each system has its own power supply. Then who control, manage and steer it? In the world of engineering called microcontroller and microprocessor. Illustration diagram 1

It takes an adapter to turn on the laptop Illustration diagram 2

It’s the same thing as a laptop that requires an adapter. It takes the power supply to turn on the processor (in the schematic diagram of part of the power supply to the processor, called the VCC core). Not just in the processor, other hardware components also have its power supply, such as RAM and chipset. Even a controller IC also requires a power supply so that it could be work. 90% power supply used in laptop motherboard is the system SMPS (power supply system switching) & LD0, while the rest are digital circuits such as sensors. Components in used laptops only slightly, but still using the system circuit electronics that very complicated and we will discuss the importance parts only. SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY SWITCHING Ilustration Diagram 3

VOLTAGE ON MOTHERBOARD The voltage on the motherboard we divide into two parts, there are the ALW voltage and the VS voltage. ALW voltage is a standby voltage or voltages that must exist before the on/off button on tap. And the VS voltage is the voltage that will come out after switch on/off in the press Chart

Simulation

My experience in the field, a lot of people who fail to learn the execution of the motherboard. When they are teaching only explain on mode stage in the motherboard, this will lead over material. So we simplify the stage power on the motherboard is a term part of power according to its function. There is a process of timing here. Conclusion: S5 is a type of voltage In standby mode, which we already know is "required voltage". While S3 is a dual mode depending on a command signal (standby restart and shutdown). To make it easier to understand we simplify it, S3 is the voltage that belongs to the type of VS voltage or the voltage which came out after the switch on including the stage S5. S3 will be troubled by the case of power drop, generally occurs due to power spike or short component in the VS path. This problem known when the power has been switched, when VS is active and prepared to contribute each VS voltage. Feedback/reverse flow of the short component in an either or in the path of VS make the system fail and return to VALW mode, this symptom is called a power drop. Conclusion:

The voltage in a motherboard divided into 2 voltage, standby voltage and VS voltage. The voltage is in the range of motherboards that integrated and managed.

POWER STAGE S5- S3 S0 S5

S3

S0

STANDBY MODE / ONLY STANDBY before the button is pressed ( primary voltage) STANDBY & DUAL SECONDARI POLSTAGE ( secondary voltage ) ALL POWER STAGE (normal mode )

AC IN

Always on voltage ( Charging, VIN, & main PCU / AUX / S5 )

SLP_S3#

Sus & main voltage (2.5V,1.5V, 1,8) S0/S3 OTHER VOLTAGE Always supply (ALWAYS ON VOLTAGE ) Supply (ICH, PCH, GMCH, GPU, GFX, VCC CORE. MEMORY & OTHER). Reset supply (ALL RESET). VRM supply (POWER OK). All signal supply (PLT_RST CPU_RST,

SLP_S4#

BIOS, LVDS & OTHER) CONTROL DEVICE SLP_S3# ( SUSB#) SLP_S4# ( SUSC#)

Transmission

system stage S3-S4-S5 Transmission system stage 4 – S5

S5 SAMPLE STAGE The picture is the simulation stage S5. Among them are the components and the types of voltages to be active in STAGE mode. PROTECTION CIRCUIT: Circuit that serves to protect if there is a short in the circuit charging / VCC core / 3V & 5V and other lines that entered 19V then this circuit will work. Which means it will not pass 19V, although without orders he had been working. CHARGING: the circuit for charging the battery. In this circuit there are several commands in the form of the output voltage. but we do not discuss it now SELECTOR: Circuit comparator selecting the voltage just wearing 19V or just the battery, or both.

MEASUREMENT WITH SCHEMATIC 1. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT The image is a measurement technique input and output voltages. The way it works is free red probe affixed anywhere on the ground. And the red probe in the sequence of NO one then to NO two till to components on the input lines if the component is contained much in input circuit prior to the IC. If in the No.1 there is voltage and the No. 2 lane after diode no voltage can be sure it was broken and so on. Later on output lines, if IC serves as the lowering of the voltage, then input 19V will be turned 5V on the output and the value on the multimeter certainly changed 5V and if not appropriate with the recommendation schematic, it means the IC in damaged. 2. MEASUREMENT OF TRACKING SHORT (INDUCTOR)

Measurement of tracking short (without required voltage) only measure on all inductor 3. MEASUREMENT OF TRACKING SHORT (COMPONENT) Short tracking measurements also may on the body of the component.

4. MEASUREMENT OF PATHS

Track measurement sample is broken or not

5. MEASUREMENT AMPERE

Amperage measurement, the difference is the red probe on the positive input and the negative probe on a point which we will measure the tracking +.

6. APPLICATIONS OF MEASUREMENT SCHEMATIC

If the material above already you mastered maybe now you'll write a simulation of material on this column.

SCHEMATIC ANALYSIS

Analytics will we get if we know the function of components, component properties, and we are more proficient is to understand the characteristics of the circuit in which at this point is usually someone will be able to add or remove components even modify the system. At this point in addition to the characteristic and function of components of electro engineering calculations already mastered. The function of schematic diagram in a simple way 1. To see the type and code components on the motherboard if there is a burnt components or missing. 2. To see the relationship or lines on a motherboard if there is a path

breaking causing the communication component. 3. To view the input and output voltage. 4. To modify the system circuit if there is difficulty in finding replacement parts. 5. To see schematic revisions.

We learn a simple analysis of the image above and the conclusion is: 1. There is a power jack, two wires and the lamp. Case: Lamp will not light up if one of the cables broke. The lamp will not turn on if the lamp itself in damaged lamp will not light up if there is no electricity on. Case study: Check the voltage, check its cable, and check the lights. In the image above, I will take your brain 10x faster please apply to laptop circuit and the damaged laptop. Use your imagination and creativity of your brain, then learn all of these books. Power Supply Remember the lighting circuits? How the voltage move from the input to the output. And the image is a simple circuit system step down circuit (voltage lowering), from 12V to + 5V 2A where that regulate this system is IC 78505. You already know component function? Okay we will explaining: 12V voltage entered into a diode that serves as a safety/Backflow preventer and the voltage before getting into IC filtered by C1 220u and if added 1 resistors here will be great as a safety before the incoming voltage to a step-

down IC IN. After the voltage come to the IN, the voltage will be processed and out from the OUT pin wherein before the voltage entering IC, this value is still 12V but after passing this IC because its function as step down regulator will turn into + 5V 2A. IC and the circuit will work if it is connected to ground. I hope you already know if the voltage of 5V at the output is not found then which components you must measure and execution (this is called as a circuit analysis techniques). generally diode should we apply for voltage direction but beware on the diode principle, there are forward and reverse voltage (More specifically understood diode component) or to determine the input and output, we have relied on Vin IC input / IN, which means input and V out, out which means output.

LAPTOP SCHEMATIC STRUCTURE SCOPE SCHEMATIC AND IMPORTANT PARTS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 1. Cover

Image 1.1 Shematic Cover

The cover of the schematic diagram of the laptop as same as the cover of a book (textbooks and other). Larger image and note the red mark in the boxes and arrows in image 1.1 Schematic cover. The cover design is different for each brand as well as a book. But there is always a message behind each design cover that is made as we see in the picture. 1. Code Board (code contained in the schematic and the laptop motherboard) 2. Data revisions schematic, there will always be a revision of each product as well as the schematic, and revision done if: ü There is additional hardware / components. ü There is a release component and system repair circuit and this depends on the results of survey revision teams in the field. ü Upgraded product, like acer 4750 to 4750G. 3. Type of chip in use, Name Factory, and other additional particulars. However, in some brands are also not often we find the cover of the schematic structure they have created. 4. The cover design is also synonymous with the terms of engineering, we have to understand and should we memorize. (Go back to the material terms schematic diagram).

2. DIAGRAM CHART The diagram is a design layout and interface or communication between components globally. Pic 2.2 Schematic laptop Chart

If we apply this chart is almost similar to the chart of organizational structure that works according to the function tasks and positions respectively. And the laptop is the same schematic. So please go back to the material of components and its functions. Remember to apply such an organizational structure, for example like charts at school. Schematic is always identical to the code, diagrams and charts. but no detailed explanation about the purpose of the code, diagrams and charts in attach. So our job seeking information from the technical terms of other sources or to learn more about electronics. We learned it slowly with common languages and applications to any that we see, hear and meet. Caption : Note number colored: No. 1 : Schematic structure chart is the layout of the motherboard. So consider the chart is intact laptop motherboard form. The difference motherboard in an intact form, if the chart in the form of codes, the Symbol, Name of components and engineering terms. Memorize the names of the components in the motherboard (go back to material components). In a chart sheet will explain the global contents of a laptop schematic is described in a page. No. 2 : Page is like image No. 3 as an example we want to see detail page on your hard drive. For example: if on the field we find the case of the hard drive is not readable / jack off / lane burning in the socket hard disk / there are components are burned in the area near the socket hard drive (to see the path, voltage input - output and components are in use), then write down the

page on AdobeReader / foxitreder according to information page on the box on the hard drive. Then the page will be open. No. 3 : Interface relationships, and types of terms of I/O used. No. 4 : In every project engineering drawings, there will be a small box about description: 1. Name of industry / manufacturer. 2. The board code and the year of revision. This is where the function of board code (if the board code is different then the component symbol in the motherboard and the schematic can be different) 3. Description of the page. No. 5: Power system (as well as the contents in the middle of schematic diagram there is a description and chart the layout of the motherboard power / power sequences). This is why the chart of the power section is always separate to the chart function and communication. it's because, if we united it would be difficult to understand. Besides there (cover - chart interface power charts - charts the clock - the description page. In schematic, there are also a schematic structure of No. 5: power system (as well as the contents schematic diagram in the middle there is a description and chart the layout of the motherboard power / power sequences). This is why the chart of the power section is always separate to the chart function and communication. It’s because, if united would be difficult to understand. Besides there (cover - chart interface - power charts - charts the clock - the description page. There is also a schematic structure of reference and revision). Power system on the intended image of the schematic is an example, in the field we find a problem with the battery (can not charge / can not be detected). And we want to see the input and output voltage lines and components are in use. Then stay open page about (charging). We extend this session later on the material description page. If you already know about the cover and charts, please read some of the chart below, there is a little difference in design of these images. But, in principle

the same. remember that schematic is always synonymous with the term, symbols, tables, and a description of the technique so keep memorize and keep reading.

3.

ACER V5- 431

ACER 4750

DELL INSPIRON 15-3542

ACER ASPIRE E5 – 432G

DIAGRAM POWER POWER SEQUENCE (POWER - ON TIMING )

Power square is a trip (timing) of a power system, started from jack adapter to laptop in normal conditions. Power sequence is the same as the hardware diagram on the first page of schematic. Power square is a global map of power in a motherboard laptop. POWER SEQUENCE

POWER SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

POWER BLOCK DIAGRAM

Voltage Operation Process Time Step by Step

System input & Output Signal Process

Universal block diagram / POWER RAIL

1. Voltage Operation Process Time Step By Step

Page sequence Voltage power operation time process step by step. (Use schematic ZE7 laptop, Acer one D270 and the motherboard). In order for the delivery of content can be directly practiced.

How the flow of voltage from jack power to the laptop till it can be turn on? Note the picture beside, which is in the red box is a communication system circuit. Meanwhile, in the given yellow sign is kinds of signal that was active before and after.

From AC-BATT means the voltage that sourced from the jack adapter and battery, resulting a voltage called Vin. After Vin - + + 3VPCU and vccrtc 5VPCU active (the step is: Vin will enable + 5VPCU + 3VPCU and + 5VPCU + 3VPCU will enable VCCRTC and so on). If this third system is active and has no problem then the next step is from the PWM TO EC, which means from PWM will send commands to the EC to enable RTCRST #. So far the motherboard standby mode is active, or that we are familiar with the term required voltage / Always. Then from button to EC which means that, if we switch the power button it will send a command to EC called signal NBSWON #, and so on. The types of these signals become the benchmark of technicians in identification process circuit high-level method.

2. The System of Input and Output Signals Process System input and output signal process is a diagram that is most easy to understand and often become a reference mid-level laptop repair process, because it can seen kind of signal inputs and outputs for the measurement process: The system of input and output signals process PPower Sequence Description Sequence Diagram INPUT from DC battery (circuit name that the explanation is on page 43) emit signals output called B+, where the value of the B+ voltage is 19V. 18.5V / 20v (rated voltage depending on the brand of laptop). B+ output from DC battery turns into an input when it entered into a series of switches (protection circuit) and circuit switching issued output called DCBATOUT. INPUT from AC Adapter in (name of the series circuit) the description on the page 44 issued a signal output called + DC_IN. DC_IN output of AC Adapter in turn be input when entering the switching circuit (switching is the form of the system can be SMPS -

LDO and the others. However, in this case is the protection circuit) and circuit switch issued the output signal called AD +. Then, becomes the input charger IC and it issue a signal output called DCBATOUT and ACOK. The input and output may be a reference measurement of us in the field to determine whether a component is broken or not, if there is an input and there is no output can be sure 70% of the components problematic. Conclusion: One set into the other circuit depending on its function, the name of output signal will change its name when it became an incoming signal to other circuits in a single integral. Voltage walk from input to output and will change its value depending on the function of the circuit itself. Description direction of the arrow is a description of a voltage trip. Basically the circuit on the motherboard separately with different functions. For example (charging circuits - circuit 3V and 5V - circuit core VCC). Then put together and communicate with each other in the form of a motherboard. Illustration Electronics engineering is different with mechanical technique that can see, touch, read, and hear. The voltage cannot be seen with the naked eye, but do testing with tools (gauges).

If we are still confused, other examples: human limbs/robot (hands, feets and eyes). If the hand is sick, a doctor will examine the parts of the hand. Hands can move because of the orders from the brain, the brain sends a command or signal through the nerves to the hands. What happens if the nerve is broken or not functioning? As in the structure of the system in the electronic circuit, chip in such a complicated program to be set up, manage and run according to its function. In the electronic world is called microcontroller and microprocessor. DCBATOUT output signal from the switch and charger (Selector) will be input when entered into the IC TPS51125. And it generates three output signals are 3d3V_S5 and 5V_s5. And 3D3V_AUX_S5. 3D3V_AUX_s5 be input to the switch and output the last 3D3V_AUX_KBC than be input to IC KBC NPCE985. It issued several output signals and one of them is S5_ENABLE that sending signal command EN1 and EN2. The TPS51125 function EN1 and EN2 is a command signal that IC TPS 51 125 issued 3d3V_S5 and 5V_s5 signal. Signals marked with a red circle

is usually a technician measuring point in the analysis process. Note the direction of the arrows into and out also note the rounded numbers.

3. Universal Block Diagram Process Universal block diagram is a stepdown system step by step and control pin: Here we can see clearly that 19V entry to all system string as input system and each system will release output and becomes the input to the next system. The difference from the three block diagram of power, universal diagram seen the value of the input voltage and output. 4. Chart Clock / Clock Distribution Terms of digital circuit work in addition to the voltage also need for clock

Diagram clock

Page clock ( detail clock )

CLK GENERATOR Name

IC CLOCK GENERATOR

Symbol

Code

PU (CLK GEN)

Shape

General function in motherboard Laptop These components are rarely damaged but the circuit function is very important. The work of a digital circuit such is the need for an input consisting

of ( supply, reset, clock, Data and ground But do not be mistaken, not all circuit require digital clock although the condition is so. Because clock only used by the components that communicate in high-speed data (SIO, chip, processor, etc. See diagram clock). Detail function of the component ( datasheet If this component is damaged, the damage characteristics included in the characteristics of the display no problem.

IC LAYOUT IC layout is always between chipset and processors, if the component is problematic then all core components such as the processor chip will torpor. Almost similar to the characteristics of the damage, if the bios problematic in the case of no display problem. More clearly see the output and name of components that need a clock.

Identification of the measurement clock, especially in the crystals using a special tool (frequency counter/oscilloscope). The image beside is identification points of the measurement process.

Diagram

5. Page description COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM IN SCOPE MOTHERBOARD AND SCHEMATIC The laptop motherboard circuit consists of several separate systems, depending on the functions and each duties, then united in order to communicate between systems with each other within the scope of the system motherboard. The position of the power supply, within the scope of a separate PC from the motherboard. The difference with the laptop motherboard, power supply united in a single scope. However, the system and how to work in a PC or laptop remains the same. If the PC power supply is damaged what could be improved? This is what we will explained. First, there are circuit and core components, if the circuit or component was problematic will cause the laptop the total dead. Second, there are systems and circuits if loose or damaged will not lead to anything, do not die in total. For example: if we take DVD, the laptop still be alive, if the detachable keyboard laptop will still be alive. This time we will discuss the important

parts, if the part is problematic laptop will die. If the hands and feet amputated people could still be alive, if still be alive if the brain or heart that amputees? Then if the hand broken should the foot be checked? That is false. You also do not talk to a user who damaged hand but said the damage is the heart. It's called a lie.

CHARGER IC - DC JACK - BATTERY SOCKET

FUNCTION AND APPLICATION At figure you can see the complexity of the schematic diagram. So if you want to search motherboard in a laptop, then your brain will focus to shape of processor. It also if you see a circuit, you will focusing on an input and output a circuit or focusing at the problem you want solve. So, if you want to solve a broken circuit at PIN 21 IC, you will focus on that circuit.

In this page charger IC, there is an information about POWER JACK and BATTERY. Circuit charger is a main gate power regulation sourced of battery and adaptor. Even both of that, in the charging process a battery will cooperate with SIO – BIOS AND SYSTEM OPERATION (in Windows). Description function of IC there is datasheet document for each IC (please read: how to read datasheet). Sometimes people confused how to find about “where is the Power IC in a laptop?”, because IC charging 3V and 5V, VCC core is an IC too. With the different function and ways is working, so where is a correct IC power? In this page, I will explained with a simple description about basic of that circuit. DC Jack & Protection Circuit Voltage from DC Jack with the symbol code P11 that sourced from adaptor entered into PC 85 and PC 84 are arranged in parallel which serves as noose filter with the term voltage VA then enter to PL6 and after through PL6 it changed name to VA1. PL6 function is temporary saving a charge. If we add a fuse in this circuit before the voltage entered to PL6 maybe will be good, but we see another component diode after PL6 tat protect and block reverse flow so a problem adding fuse will be solved. And other that, diode function for eliminate AC voltage from inductor. We try to make it simple, because the basic about component can determined for the analysis of the circuit. Because lot of technician can read schematic but lazy to know code symbol or function component. Conclusion of the figure is voltage

name 19V (it depend on laptop adaptor 19V-20v-18,5V, etc) will be changed when entered a component or circuit one and the other. Note V is unit from Volt, W is watt and A is ampere. D/C# is command sign from EC from page 27 about ZE7 schematic and you can see there is a motherboard too. Signal From EC will command Pchannel gate to open gate if there a problem at circuit. This is called a CIRCUIT PROTECTION and in upper level will cooperate with selector circuit. Initial measure 19V There is measure called backward measurement. It simple, measurement 19V enough to PR only at part closed to jack power. At other hand, it must not jack power first then to PR, because if PR have 19V then jack power have a 19V too. It will saving time because at VIN schematic will be source input 19V to all system. If PR don’t have voltage so VIN don’t have voltage too. Then we can back war measurement to jack power. You can measurement too from PR to jack power, or VCC to PR, or jack power to VCC core too. It’s up to you. Note: VIN is name voltage 19V at ZE7 schematic. At other schematic maybe different name.

Selector Circuit Circuit works as a control or signaling technique as the detector whether the voltage comes from an adapter or a battery or even both of them for the charging system. In another schematic we will find a comparison system as in schematic dell mini 10, wherein the detector circuit uses IC LM and the like. This circuit is very appropriate to be used, because it efficiently aka cheap. CSIP1 and CSOP1 is the signal that important in contributing this circuit. To streamline our discussion, directly on the case study : In the field, we often find cases cannot use batteries or vice versa. We are fairly based on the scope of this circuit, between PQ38 and PQ41 and a circuit that passes through and passed or replace all the components on the circuit charger IC. First I was doing that way. Between the theory and the field was a little different, plus also do not know and understand the schematic, just understand the section circuit charger, I immediately did it. The result, the laptop is dead, the motherboard is leak because it is often exposed to the blower, but with frequent practice we learn cause and effect. You should check to the detector system then analyzes and read the datasheet. the more often you read the datasheet and schematic, later

if you find the same brand with the same problem or different brands with the use of the same IC you already know. CHARGER SYSTEM System charging: there are two important components in the charging system, namely EC and IC charging itself. EC will cooperate with the IC charging for detection and battery charging systems which are crucial, in this case also step-down N-channel MOSFET in the charging circuit, the N-channel is often problematic. See at the picture upward. In addition to EC and IC, charging inputs sourced from always voltage 3V (3V and 5V systems) play an active role as EC mover (AC in). This is the signal that will be a condition of employment EC command voltage driving GPIO port, and then after the EC active always systems 3V and 5V result a voltage. And this process of mutual integrating throughout each other up to the VS system (power switch).

System regulator power switching (open material system switching regulator) This system is often used in all circuit generator/ drive (CHARGING – 3V

and 5V - VCC CORE - CORE GFX GPU CORE - V RAM).

Case study charging circuit: 1. Battery consider A problem only in the battery just replace the batteries. 2. Battery not detect Replace the batteries first. Check the charging, frequent problems are charging IC in itself "but not necessarily". First, you should check the pin and others like that already in write. 3. Plug-in not charging Replace the batteries first. Check the charging, frequent problems are charging IC in itself "but not necessarily". First, you should check the pin and others like that already in write. 3V & 5VSystem If we want to find the layout of 3V and 5V systems in the schematic diagram on the first page there is a schematic diagram of the system description 5V/3V PCU, then open the pages. In this case there is on page 30. As an

example of the picture which was given the yellow sign. 3V and 5V circuit system is included into the system standby and dual mode. System standby is the system input and output circuits will be active although the SW button not yet in press. There are two system standby circuit in the motherboard, they are charging circuit and circuit 3V and 5V. On page 3V / 5V PCU like the picture on the side, clearly visible information in a page of the type of IC being used and the circuit contained in the page and project description / name circuit. In this page noticed the smaller box mark, it is the system 3V and 5V dual mode whereby this circuit will work after on-off button on the press after receiving the command signal from the EC (S5 0N output of this circuit for the power needs usb - hdd – dvd and Etc. See power sequence below:

We simplify it. Basically, the motherboard voltage system is divided

into two, namely the required voltage and the voltage VS in the sense that there are circuit and voltage before and after SW. in technical terms this is called the S5 - S3 - S0. To the side is a power sequence.

3V and 5V circuit is a circuit that serves to lower the voltage (step-down) of 19V becomes 3V and 5V, and if we look, the regulator system switching participate actively towards 3V and 5V circuit. IC work requirements Brain of a digital circuit is IC itself. Digital circuit working condition is the presence of a digital input and in this case the voltage command. Likewise, the output will be sent a confirmation signal (communications). There are three working voltage in the circuit 3V and 5V sourced from charging circuit (VIN) that the value of the voltage is 19V. For checking IC that we need to measure is the working voltage at IC input section for passing through a resistor. If the voltage does not pass through the resistor then we measure the recoil measurement technique that is to the point before passing through the resistor. Then we find the voltage command and the image on the right is (EN0), how can we know

the voltage of the order? Look at the picture, there is no other input into the IC besides EN0. EN0 means Enable which means a command to turn on. EN0 connected to PR with reference schematic short, it means that the resistor serves as a fuse, we can measure the forward or reverse such a technique that has been described previously. If the input voltage condition exists, this circuit can generate the appropriate output function. Ground also play an important role, with no ground circuit will not work. So the conclusion is there must be input digital circuit working voltage, voltage and ground commands. Then see a confirmation signal that is marked with a green box (because all systems integrating throughout the circuit with the other circuits, then the signal confirmation needed for information to the central controller / EC).

The picture beside is an example of the 5V only but you can also apply to 3V. 19V go to two bipolar capacitor attached series, then go into MOSFET N-chanel attached parallel. The function of the parallel mosfet is to increase power of the mosfet itself. 5V will move towards the circuit that requires the voltage eg HDD. Then need a huge ampere that the function of addition mosfet as a switch and step-down, IC also plays an

important role in this regard.

Reopen the motherboard power material

3V and 5V SYSTEM LAYOUT

Reopen the motherboard structure material to reinforce learning. Electronic circuit is designed to produce something according to its function, and in each circuit must have requires inputs to enable the circuit to be able to work. Circuit system will produce an output or outcome of the job. And in each circuit definitely has a weakness, and this weakness which will become a reference analytical study technician to resolve any case.

3V and 5V circuit constructed by a switching regulator system. Note the diagram below: The case studies 3V and 5V standby system. 1. Output problem (3V and 5V) not out. 2. Output Voltage only 5V or 3V 3. The output voltage drop example of which should be 1,7v be 3V 3V and 5V systems. VS (power switch) 1. Output problem (3V and 5V) not out. 2. The output voltage drop example of which should be 1,7v be 3V. Circuit 3V & 5V circuit is divided into two parts namely standby circuit or primary circuit, and circuit VS or circuit in which the output will produce a voltage after switch on / off in the press. But we will focus on the main circuit or circuit standby because this circuit which is always a lot of problems in the field. CASE STUDY

There are several system circuit in this circuit, including parallel – step up - switching regulator and controller output - a confirmation signal trigger gate and etc. The material directly to the weakness of the system on the characteristics of the previous case studies that have not been described handling techniques. This technique you may later apply to all system circuit switching: The case studies 3V and 5V standby system. 1. Output problem (3V and 5V) not out. 2. Output Voltage only 5V or 3V 3. The output voltage drop example of which should be 1,7v be 3V All the above problems can be solved by short circuit detector output Technique with mutimeter digital on the buzzer scale, if there is not a sound then can be sure no short circuit occurs either another circuit that requires 3V and 5V or even a short circuit on the circuit of stepdown itself RTC & RTC CIRCUIT

VIN OK 5V AND 3V OK

EC OK Then the circuit to be active after it is RTCRST # signal a command signal from sourced from SIO to enable ICH in terms of netbooks are trigerpoint. RTCRTS # signal value is 3.3V sourced from EC. Chip if divided and segregated there are some circuit with the system and how it works respectively. However, for each system only need voltage command, clok course even data only, here foresight we read circuit is needed. EC command signal from the oscillator circuit serves to instruct the work. See pictures next oscillator circuit consists of cristal and some components. Value c348 and c349 comparator must be the same this is one of the requirements oscillator circuit works well. What we need to check on this part enough in the clock frequency voltage alone. If the voltage is not found then check input (this technique is called measurement backward)

BIOS Name IC BIOS

Symbol

Code PU ( SPI FLASH)

Shape

General function in the laptop motherboard BIOS is a chip microcontroller, meaning that a program whose contents can be changed, deleted, edited and repeated revisions. The image beside is the trick to see the amount of capacity BIOS. There are 1, 2 and 3 BIOS motherboard (main bios - eg bios and id bios bios is the main bios on the motherboard and EC bios is a bios supporter Chip sheet while ID bios is bios specifically for storing data SN / PN motherboard. For his own form, IC bios slightly bigger than mosfet as shown. A microcontroller is a device digital

electronics that have inputs and outputs, as well as the control of the programs can be written and erased in a special way. How the microcontroller work is actually only read and write data. With using the system chip microcontroller, a circuit will be smaller so it does not require a lot of components in the circuit. Running texts, robotic and other automated devices digital microcontroller derived from this technique. Please develop more specific. BIOS IN SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Bios in the schematic diagram is always paired with the EC, either in page FDF or on the motherboard, though it is not necessarily so, because there is a new type of IC bios on precisely juxtaposed with PCH chip before the communication is delivered to the EC. However, the principle is the same because the EC and the actual BIOS is an integral system.

BIOS in the schematic diagram referred to SPI FLASH, the capacity of BIOS is depending on demand schematic ( 2MB, 4MB and 8MB). And the image beside a value capacity IC bios 2MB PIN EXPLANATION : 1. VSS = GROUND 2. VDD – HOLD – WP – CE = INPUT VOLTAGE (3,3V ) 3. SCK = CLOCK INPUT ( 3,3V ) 4. SI and SO = POS SIGNAL ( 1. 4V -/+ )

MEASUREMENT BIOS IC The value in a schematic voltage is specified on the circuit schematic itself. Example : As input to VDD PIN - HOLD - WP AND CE are 3.3V, so we just matched the value voltage contained in the schematic and multimeter. Bios work requirements are: 1. has a power supply input of 3.3V 2. Clock of 3.3V (for clock itself not only measure the voltage absolute, but must be measured also the value of the clock and the waves) 3. Signal SO voltage of approximately 1,4V. Similarly are like clock Signal SO / POST is not only measured the voltage value but also need solo scope level measurement to look further with the signal wave. In the field we are testing, if in the pin SO there is voltage 1,4V can be ascertained BIOS is normal no need to do flashing. Characteristics the bios in

damage are like total dead, protect switch / cannot switch / voltage required to be present but could not get in switch laptop, no display, stay in the brand logo. EMBEDDED CONTROLLER Name IC LABA – LABA IC SIO EC

Symbol

Code PU ( EC )

Shape

General function of laptop motherboard SIO function as a command voltage distribution to all parts of the power.

EC (embedded controller) in another term is also often called SIO, SUPER I / O, IC SPIDER. There are 3 types of EC which is often used laptop motherboard manufacturer for more details please look at the picture below.

Symbol

EC / SIO / IC SPIDER in the schematic diagram chart just symbolized by the box and the brand IC in use.

EC IN SCHEMATIC

EC FUNCTION ( SUPER I/0 ) Note : use the schematic sample D270 / ZE7 No. Schematic diagram 1.

Explanation EC serves as a controller device to identi device either circuit system or com hardware itself (bootstrapping working with bios as boot / that control, control and regulate the working system

device. Figure beside shows Broadly speakin serves as a control (keyboard - touchpad flash / bios - charger / charger system FAN / controller cooling pad). Note the p below (image schematic diagram section datasheet for more detailed components. S IC also called spider / EC.

2.

3.

EC serves as a power regulator motherbo the description of GPIO (General Power And Output) EC also has an important r motherboard power system as a regulator distribution of power (voltage comma motherboard.

EC serves as the power switch o motherboard that works with switch on/ chipset (PCH) diagram EC brand and signal switch EC EC TO SB NEVOTON RSMRST# SUSC# WINBOUND RSMRST DNBSWON# ITE RSMRST# PWRBTN#

ENE

4.

EC_RSMRST# PWRBTN_OUT EC work together with SPI flash (IC B Broadly speaking Bios and EC have function, the difference is the componen how it works. Work System of EC

There are 4 Terms of automated systems or drive, the voltage - reset clock – ground EC has double job, when stage always and VS In the image beside is the voltage measurement points on EC. EC work requirements: 1. There is a supply voltage / voltage work: + 3VPCU 2. There is a reset voltage / command VCCPOR: + 3VPCU 3. Confirmation PWROK Voltage: 3.3V 4. Ground Look at the picture on the side, there are parts in the scope. Where if we dismantle, it consists of several system circuit. Among other things, the LPC (circuit information data) KB (keyboard). AD (digital to analog) DA (analog to digital) GPIO (input and output power) Timer (timing system) FIU (communication / interface with the BIOS). We take the samples of GPIO

CIRCUIT it is an absolute requirement in order GPIO can work is a series of GPIO resources for itself in terms of the signal AC IN. CHIPSHET Name CHIPSHEET SOURTBRIDGE INPUT CONTROLER HUB ICH function

Symbol

Code

Shape

General functio in laptop’s motherboard

ICH CHIP DATA

Broadly speaking, already shown the schema diagram, the serves as a da communication interface.

Generally IC function to t data controll inversely to t EC, it domina to the syste voltage while t chipset domina into the da system (BU EC - Chip BIOS is o

important component of motherboard, t functions microcontrolle family to contr regulate and control devi Chip shee family has variety of typ and kind Because I lo Intel chip, so th will be describ is Intel chi only, this ch type is oft referred to SB. CHIPSHEET NOURTBRIDGE GRAPHIC MEMORY CONTROLER HUB GMCH FUNCTION

PCH / GMCH INTEL CANTIGA

Graphics chip

Simple wa Chipshet serv as a graph display to LC panels. We c see videos etc lcd because th component. There are ma types of VGA li AMD, VIA, S

CHIPSHEET UMA

TIGERPOINT

CHIPSHEET DISCRATE

PCH / UMA

TIGERPOINT

DIS

PROSESSOR CEDARVIEW PROSESOR SANDYBRIDGE PROSESOR

intel, and Nvid This chip is oft called chip NB PCH could ser as ICH a GMCH, t latest chip mod is often found the lat laptops. And is popular chip th can cause laptop damag mainly associated w the data a display. TIGERPOINT serves as IC and GMC united in th latest model ch especially for - I5 and I7 n book Additional Discrete / VG is often found high specification laptop gamers. Many variet and types processors a its functions

Function

Generally, processor is t brain of motherboard itself.

RAM (Random akses memory)

COMMUNICATION BIOS - SIO - ICH - GMCH AND PROCESSOR

To avo prolonged material. Ma reference sources on t Internet abo the function RAM, ju developed themselves eith via sharing browsing.

GFX CORE & CPU CORE NOTE: Until schematic D270 ZE7 In the sequence diagram of power, VCC core is the term for the output signal for processors working voltage produced by the regulator PU 8 The reference value or the output voltage value of VCC CORE AND GPU CORE on universal power sequence is clearly seen as on the image. PU 8 If we open the page on the VCC core & GPU core will be clearly visible the type of IC in use is:

VCC cores will be active after having signal HWPG 1.O5V

SMPS is also contained in the VCC core circuit. Up here you may already know, if you do not understand the material, reopen the motherboard power. CRT AND LCD LVDS

If we notice there are several circuit system in the page module of LED / LCD. We shall explain in the next row. Differences between LCD and LED is: LED: do not use inverter LCD: use inferter (DC to AC) Checking on this part specifically for light display

cases. for severe cases, which means already checked the replacement LED module, check the data cable, check the socket, and all of them are good, but there are still problems such as dim display and white display. Checks only on the marked box. There are two voltage here, there are always voltage 19V (DCBATOUT_LCD and VS voltage (LCD VDD & 3D3V_S0). When a positive voltage passing through the components, there is the possibility of such components problematic because it missed the voltage or voltage dissipates with the function of the component itself. For example in the picture on the side, the input voltage to the output which previously passed through a fuse that serves as a safety (BATOUT DC voltage) is the voltage that comes from always power, means included into standby voltage. So if you want to replace and remove led, first had to remove the battery or adapter (without power),

because it could surge. Fuse measurement back to the material components. in this case there are two possibilities that could from the fuse to blow or from the capacitor which is short as in the picture on the side.

Circuit on the side belonging to the LDO circuit switches. Where IC U4901 will work when it gets a command voltage from LCDVDD_EN and the working voltage of 3D3V_SO. If you come across a case of LED dim / white blank, check also part of this circuit which output the LCDVDD.

PAGE

V RAM

Measurement and identification Voltage on the part ram

Measurements on the ram just on the 3 parts, part of +1.5, transmission + 0,75V and the last at the reset DRAMRST # Note: measurements in this section only to the case of no display.

Circuit SMPS power supply to RAM (SMPS circuit identification back to the material power motherboard).

HDD Not Detected

Note the position of the diagram and the page about the hard drive on structure schematic diagram

After you open the hard drive, you will look communication lines and voltage references. 5V is input or supply power to the hard drive that comes from vs circuit on the motherboard. Hard drive not detected of the characteristics of circuit that only has supply power,

communication lines and ground, the three elements this is what we checking in execution damage process. Check 5V voltage and the components in its path, in this thing, inductor and hard disk socket (open measuring chapter). If the voltage was find, then next checking to ground check. Then to communication line data, in here you will see communication line input and output data related directly to chip (PCH/ICH) USB Not Detected Driver check

Page

Like checking on hard disk, check the voltage, communication line and

ground

System checking from no.1 to 8

Simulation

You can see on this picture to explained it

You can see on this picture to explained it

You can see on this picture to explained it

You can see on this picture to explained it

Keyboard Problem You can see on this picture to explained it

You can see on this picture to explained it

HALL SENSOR / LID SWITCH

On an old laptop, there is a smal button like a needle when closed, th LCD screen will be off / standby. An in the latest laptop uses newly sensor

If we open led, we can see magne closed to hinged, and that’s movin the system. If there is a magnet an the system will be work.

REFERENCE AND REVISION

Revision of component contained in the last schematic page.

Reference signal measurement

Reference damage and system weakness.