Hopi Dictionary Hopiikwa Lavaytutuveni 0816517894

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Hopi Dictionary Hoplikwa Lavaytutuveni A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect

with an

English-Hopi Finder List and a

Sketch of Hopi Grammar

compiled by The Hopi Dictionary Project Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology University of Arizona

The University of Arizona Press

\

\

Tucson

Everything in this dictionary derives from the deep historical experience and cultural knowledge of the Hopi people, however imperfectly their knowledge may be represented here.

The University of Arizona Press Copyright ® 1998 The Arizona Board of Regents All Rights Reserved @ This book is printed on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Manufactured in the United States of America 02 01 00 99 6 54 3 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hopi dictionary=hopiikwa lavaytutuveni: a Hopi-English dictionary of the Third Mesa dialect with an English-Hopi finder list and a sketch of Hopi grammar / compiled by the Hopi Dictionary Project, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, p. cm. Kenneth C. Hill, Project director and editor-in-chief; Emoiy Sekaquaptewa, Maty E. Black, and Ekkehart Malotki, senior contributing editors. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-8165-1789-4 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Hopi language—Arizona—Third Mesa—Dictionaries—English. 2. English language—Dictionaries—Hopi. I. Hill, Kenneth C. II. Sekaquaptewa, Emoiy. III. Black, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1953- . IV. Malotki, Ekkehart. V. University of Arizona. Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology. VI. Tide: Hopiikwa lavaytutuveni. PM1351.Z5H66 1997 497'.45-dc21 97-4612 CIP British Cataloguing-in-Publicadon Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The editors’ royalties are assigned to the Hopi Foundation and to the Hopi Tribe.

Hopi Dictionary Project Personnel A t the B ureau o f A pplied R esearch in A nthropology, U niversity o f Arizona, Tucson: K enneth C. Hill, Project D irector and E ditor-in-C hief Em ory Sekaquaptewa, Cultural Editor M ary E. Black, A ssociate Editor A t N orthern A rizona U niversity, Flagstaff: Ekkehart M alotki, Senior Contributing Editor tM ich ael Lom atuw ay’ma, Contributing Editor Hopi language consultants: M ildred A lbert tW alter A lbert R uth Ami G loria Bonnaha R am alda Crooke B eatrice Dawahoya G ertrude Fred Lee G aseom a C arolyn Fred G utierrez A m elia H olmes Jerry Honawa

Illustrations:

Sarah H ongeva Eva H oyungowa Irene K ewanim ptewa M erwin Kooyahoem a Leigh J. K uwanw isiwm a D elfred Leslie T heresa Lom akem a fP ercy Lom aquahu C orrine Lom atewam a Lawrence Lom atska Lorena L om atuw ay’m a

Roy M asayesva V ernon M asayesva fR ebecca N am ingha fS idney N am ingha, Jr. M aynard N utum ya Lottie Onsae Betty Outah Henry Polingyoum a Raymond Puhuyesva Genell Roland Alph Secakuku

Ethelyn Secakuku fA bbott Sekaquaptewa tA lv in Selestew a fE nos Selestewa, Sr. LeRoy Shingoitew a Terry Siweum ptewa tFranklin Suhu N orm an Sum atzkuku H erschel Talashoem a M artin Talayum ptew a, Sr. V irginia Taylor

Ken Gary K enneth C. Hill Em ory Sekaquaptewa

Botanical taxonom y: tM lld red E. M athias and panelists at the M issouri Botanical Garden. A dm inistrative support: Tim othy J. Finan, D irector, Bureau o f A pplied Research in Anthropology Stanley H onanie, Form er V ice-C hairm an, Hopi Tribe H enry O. Hooper, A ssociate Provost, R esearch and Graduate Studies, N orthern A rizona U niversity Leigh Jenkins K uwanwisiwm a, D irector, Office o f Cultural Preservation, Hopi Tribe Leon A. N uvayestew a, Sr., D irector, D epartm ent o f Health, Hopi Tribe Ferrell Secakuku, Form er Chairm an, Hopi Tribe W ayne Taylor, Jr., Chairm an, Hopi Tribe Carlos G. V elez-Ibanez, Form er D irector, Bureau o f Applied Research in A nthropology % [

O ther participants: L aura Cum m ings, Laredo, TX Stephanie Jakim , Kearns IHS Hospital LaVerne M asayesva Jeanne, U niversity o f Nevada, Reno B arbara Pepper, Catalina, AZ Steve Petrakis, Kearns IHS Hospital D avid L. Shaul, Tucson, AZ

td eceased

’ ' » ’f ' f f ! | I | l f l f l f l | » f » | » f » f ’ f ' » ' » ' ’

Contents Acknowledgments Hopiikwa tungwaya’a Introduction

xi xiii XV

A Guide to Dictionary Entries

xvii

Abbreviations

xviii

Hopi-English

1

English-Hopi Finder List

799

Sketch of Hopi Grammar

861

Acknowledgments The Hopi Dictionary Project was funded in large part by the National Endowment for the Humanities (grants RT-20713-86 and RT-21344). Several foundations and individuals also generously supported the Project. Principal among them are: Elizabeth Mitch­ ell, the Southwestern Foundation, the Armstrong McDonald Foun­ dation, the Arizona Humanities Council, Arnold and Sara Her­ mann, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Ann Fallon, the Evenor Armington Fund, the Frost Foundation, Gordon Knitz, the Schweififurth-Stiftung (Munich), Horst Antes (Berlin), Bodo Schintzel (Braunschweig), the Stocker Foundation, the Wilder Foundation, the Gannett Foundation, Watson and Lucy Smith, the Adolph Coors Company, the IBM Corporation, the Verein Zukunft fiir Kinder e.V. (Futures for Children) (Karlsruhe), and Frederick Dockstader. This work was also supported by the Organized Research Program at Northern Arizona University through the office of Henry O. Hooper, Associate Provost for Re­ search and Graduate Studies. The Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology at the Uni­ versity of Arizona provided a home and financial support for the Project. The former Director, Carlos G. Velez-IbSnez, was instru­ mental in getting the Project started; the present Director, Timothy J. Finan, helped immensely with fund-raising. Hermann Bleibtreu of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Arizona

was especially helpful in locating sources of funding. Many of the illustrations are original drawings contributed by Ken Gary. Raymond H. Thompson, Director of the Arizona State Museum, granted access to the photographic archives of the Mu­ seum and permission to reproduce photographs from it. The Heard Museum permitted the reproduction of photographs from the Fred Harvey Collection published in Wright 1979. Other illustrations are from Powell 1972. Thanks are due to the late Mildred E. Mathias and a panel of taxonomic experts at the Missouri Botanical Garden, who provided the Project with up-to-date technical botanical taxonomic names. The Project is indebted to the cooperation of Leigh Jenkins Kuwanwisiwma, Director of the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office, who organized an excellent panel of consultants and personally contributed informal commentary on perhaps a few hundred words, and to former and present Hopi Tribal Chairmen Abbott Sekaquaptewa, Vernon Masayesva, Ferrell Secakuku, and Wayne Taylor, Jr., for their support of the Project and of Hopi language revital­ ization efforts in general. And much of the success of the Project is due to the enthusiastic and interested participation of the several Hopi speakers who worked with it as consultants.

Hopiikwa tungwaya’a

(

Hopilavayi hapi sumataq suytsepngwat tuuwayiwma. Tsaatsayom Hopilavayit qa tuuqaykyaakyangw pu’ wungwiwwisa. Hikis haqawat pay pu’ pas noomatotakyangw, kongtotakyangw Hopilavayit paapu qa enang yu’a’atota. It aw pas wuuwaniqw pas hapi as kyan’ewti! Tsangaw Hopi as pas naap lavayiy makiwa’ykyangw sumataq put kwayni. Noqw yepehaq pu’ Hopi, naap lavayiy sen kwayniqey aw tusitaqe pu’ timuy amungem Hopilavayit ahoy tungla’yti. Hopit timatniqam, mhmatniqam Hopilavayit qa tuwi’ykyaakyangw wungwiwwisniniqw pumuy hapi piptsankyangw Hopi amungem put pu’ kyawini’yta. ^ m a Hopilavayit qa mwi’ykyaakyangw wungwye’ pu’ tuwat qatsivapWye’ Hopihintsakpit aw papmyaqw pep pu’ Hopilavayi pay kya qa hiqamni. Qa himu Hopit hintsakpi’at paapu Hopilavayit akw enang yuykiwni; qa himu akw pavasiwni. Yaniwtiniqat hapi aqw piptsaqe pu’ Hopi msitaqe oovi put ep qa hialaykyangw kur hintini; songyawnen hapi oovi naa’okwatuwa’yta. Hin i’ Hopilavayi tsaatsakwmuy amuupe ahoy aniwtikyangw, ahoy oqawtakyangw pu’ aqwhaqami Hopiimy yesniqamuy amuusaliwmaniqat it aw wuuwanta. Noqw angqaqw Hopit qatsiyat ang hiihiimu hiniwmakyangw Hopisinot qatsitwiyat aw alongni’ymaqe yukiqhaqami pu’ Pahwqatsit aqw H6piimy a’ni IShokni’yta. Yanwat Pahanvewat qatsiy ep pu’ Hopisinom Pahanlavayit momiq tavi’ywisqe naap lavayiy paapu pas tatamtotaniqeysa peetota. I’ yanmakyangw son pas hisat pay Hopisinmuy lavayiyamuy niwkiniqat pay son as qa peep soosoyam Hopiit sunvoti’yyungwa. Yaniwtiniqat as Hopi sunvoti’ykyangw timuy amumi paapu qa myqawi’ytaqe kur hin Hopilavayit awwat pumuy ingwutani. Hikis Hopit naap kiiyat ep timat Pahanlavayit.sa yu’a’atotaqw yumatniqam pu’ namarniqam soq tuwat amumi tuuwiktotiqe Hopilavayiy nasutoki’yyungwa. Suyan as tsay kiy ep mooti naap la­ vayiy kwtisungwuniqw put navoti’ykyiakyangw put ep aw qa antsani’ywisqe suupan timuy amumi Hopilavayit kyaal^awnayaqat an hinti puu’u; sen pay puma naangaqw hiita pumuy tuuqaynayaniqey oonatoti. Pu’ tuwat Hopitsay, angwu kya as yumuy amumi Hopilava­ yit tungla’ytanikyangw amungaqw put qa nanvotqe nawus Pahaanat lavayiyat.sa tuuqayma, put.sa nanvotqe, TV angqw, pu’ radiot angqw, pu’ tutuqaykive, pu’ hikis naap yumuy amungaqw piiw. Yanhaqam hiniwmaqat ang hapi pu’haqam Hopit lavayi’at qalawma. Yan hintaqw hapi oovi aw pu’ as hiihin wuwni. Hopisinom qa suus Hopi Summit, yan namgwani’ykyJakyangw tsovawtaqe Hopilava­ yit paapu enang tsaatsakwmuy tumqaynayaniqey put as pu’ pay aw sunya. Niikyangw haqam pumuy Hopilavayit mmqaynayaniqat, pu’ hakimyaniqat, pu’ hinyaniqat hapi aw naat qa sun wuwni. Noqw pu’ Hopi Tribal Council hapi tuwat sinot yan tunatyayat ep aw unangwtapniqe pu’ mtavot pe’ytaqat yukit akw pu’ tsaatsakwmuy tumala’yyungqamuy ayata, Hopilavayit enang pumuy tutuqaynayaniqata. Niikyangw hin hak lavayit tuuqayvangwuqat son shosoyam sun aw wuwani’yyungwa. Pay qa suupwa himu tuwiniqa as sonqa maskya. Supwat ep lavayit akwa’, pu’ supwat ep peenit akwa’. Lavayit akwniniqw pam pay sustnataqa’. Tsaakw aw Hopilavayit.sa ang yu’a’ataqw pam kur hinqe tuuqayvani. Pu’ tis tsay naat qa tutuqayvakinisaytiqw pay yumat aw hopiikwasayaqw paasat pay tis tsaakw engem qa

hiniwqati, tuuqayvaniqd’. Noqw pu’ hapi tsaatsayom pay mmqayyaqarn Hopilavayit qa pasiwyungqw pumuy kya amungem pay hihin qa tuvosti, hopiituqayvayaniqo’. Pumuy amungem pu’ Hopilavayit pe’ytaqat akw enang tumqaynayaqw pu’ puma sonqa tuwi’yvayani. Pay hak qa naap lava­ yiy peeniwtaqat ang tutuqaye’ put piw tuuqayvangwu. Yanwat pi pay Hopit aw son qa susmataqti. Me, pu’haqam qa hak haqam Hopi qa pahiintuqayta. Puma mmqayhdoyainniiqe Pahanlavayit peeniwtaqat ang mooti mmqayyakyangw pah^mqayvaya, pu’ Pahadavayit penmwi’yvaya. Yanwat aw piptsaniqw pay ima Hopitsatsayom qa Hopiituqayyungqam peeniwtaqat Hopilavayit ang enang mtuqayye’ piw kur hinqe tuuqayvayani; pu’ piw Hopilavayit ptatuwi’yvayani. Noqw pu’ hapi Hopilavayi pay a’ni peeniwta. Pay naat hisathaqam Pahaanasa hin tuwat Hopilavayit aw maatsi’ytaqey pan put penta. Niikyangw peeni’at pay Pahanvewat wuwnit anwat Hopilavayit ayawtoyni’yta. Noqw pam niitilti. Pu’ peqwhaqami pay wuuhaqniiqam Hopisinom naap lavayiy aw tutuvosyakyaakyangw pentota. Hak hin Hopilavayit penpiyat aw naap wuuwe’ pan peenangwu. Oovi Hopi­ lavayi, Hopit naap peeni’at, pu’ pay hiihiita naap tuhisyukiyat ang a’ni maatsiwta. Himuwa mhisay hin hopiikwa ayawtoynanikt pan ang peenangwu. Pu’ itam as pay piw shosoyam Hopisinomniiqey maatsiwtakyangw itam naanangaqw hihin alongot yu’a’atota. Yantaqat akw oovi Hopilavayi hiaqe’ qa sun peeniwyungwa. Naamahin Hopiit as qa sun yu’a’atotakyangw pay puma nanap lavayiy ang paas naamatsi’ywisa, niiqe panwat pay puma suup piw sinom. Noqw i’ tutuveni pu’ yukiltiqe i’ pay panis naat Orayvit lavayiyat angsa yukiwta. Itam haqawat it aw tumMtotaqam momotihaq pay as pas nanap itaalavayiy hin aw maatsi’yyungqey pan pentota. Pu’ itam kur pay piw Orayeplavayit.sa ang yu’a’atotaqam it hintsatskyaqe haqaapiy itaatumalay sumi’o’yaqe piapiy pu’ suuvo yukit aw mmala’yyungwa. Wuuhaqniiqam Hopisinom, momoyam pu’ taataqt itamumi unangwtatveqe naangaqw lavaytuwiy itamumi kuwaatoti. Pam suumi oyiltikyangw, hin pe’yvaniqat aw tumaltiwqe pankyangw oovi mtuventi. Lavayi peeniltinikt pam naap penpi’yvaqw pu’ put hakim epyakyangw put lavayit pentotangwu. I’ mmveni, Hopilavayit peeni’ytaqa, hapi oovi naap penpiy enang miatakni’yta, Hopilavayvenpit, Pahaanatniqw Hopi alphabet. Pu’ i’ as Orayeplavayit ang pe’ykyangw yukiwtaqw pay pdnpi’at taatoq.wat ki’yyungqamuy Hopisinmuy lavayiyamuy enang piw pee­ nangwu; pay hinwat puma yu’a’atotaqat pan lavayi’am piw it akw peeniltingwu. Yan i’ lavayvenpi yukiwtaqey akw pay sdosokmuy Hopisinmuy amungem lavayiyamuy peenaniqey oovi pasiwta. Noqw pu’ i’ lavayi peeniltikyangw pu’ mimuywatuy, taatoq.wat ki’yyungqa­ muy, Hopiituy lavayiyamuy anwat enang aw amtiqw piasat pu’ pankyangw soosokmuy Hopisinmuy mongvasnani. Oovi i’ hapi pu’ yep peeniwtaqa pay naat yayni’at. Hopilavayit yu’a’ataqat engem Hopiikwa pentuwi’yvaniqw pay as qa hinta. Pam pay panis Hopilavayit pe’ytaqat aw tutuvotkyangw, ang maamatslawkyangw, pu’ haqaapiy tuwi’yvaqw piasat pay Pahanmtuvenit an susmataqtini.

Introduction The Hopi Language

i:

Hopi is a language spoken by a Puebloan people of northeastern Arizona. It seems currently to have between 5,000 and 10,000 speakers. The Puebloan peoples—in Arizona and New Mexico—speak lan­ guages belonging to a number of linguistic families; Keresan (Acoma, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Cochiti, Zia, Santo Domingo pueblos), Kiowa-Tanoan (Jemez, Taos, Picuris, Isleta, Sandia, San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Nambe, Poyoaque, Tuesque pueb­ los, and the village of Hano at First Mesa on the Hopi Reservation), Zuni (a language isolate, i.e., a language with no known relative).

and Uto-Aztecan (Hopi). Uto-Aztecan languages are found from Idaho in the north (Sho­ shone) to Central America in the south (Pipil). Important Uto-Aztecan references include Sapir 1913, 1914-1919, Voegelin, Voegelin & Hale 1962, Miller 1967, Langacker 1977, Cortina-Borja & Valinas 1989. Hopi is of great comparative linguistic interest because of its stams as a separate branch within Northern Uto-Aztecan. (The genetic unity of Southern Uto-Aztecan has not been demonstrated.) The present-day Uto-Aztecan languages, in bare oudine, are:

Hopi Serrano Californian

Cahuilla, Cupeik), LuiseAo Tubatulabal

\

Ute/Southem Pahite/Chemehuevi, Kawaiisu Numic

Shoshone, Comanche

Tepiman

Tohono O’odham, Pima, Pima Bajo, Northern Tepehuan, Southern Tepehuan

Taracahitan

Tarahumara, Guarijio, Cahita (Yaqui/Mayo)

Mono, Northern Paiute/Paviotso

Cora, Huichol Corachol/Aztecan Nahuatl/Mexicano/Aztec, Pipil

Dialects of Hopi The Hopi language seems to be regarded by most speakers as having three dialects: First Mesa, Second Mesa, and Third Mesa; all of these are mutually intelligible. At a technical linguistic level, there seem to be at least four distinct varieties of the language: (1) First Mesa Hopi of Walpi (Walpi) and Sichomovi (Sitsom’ovi) (also spoken at Polacca [a Tewa word] and Hano [Hanoki —^mainly a Tewa-speaking community]); (2) Second Mesa Hopi of Mishongnovi (Musangnuvi) (described in Whorf 1946), rather similar to First Mesa Hopi; (3) Second Mesa Hopi of Shipaulovi (Supawlavi) and Shungopavi (Songdopavi) (described in Kalectaca 1978); (4) Third Mesa Hopi; Oraibi (Orayvi—“Old Oraibi”), Kykotsmovi (Kiqotsmovi—“New Oraibi”), Hotevilla (Hotvela), Bacavi (Paaqavi), and Moencopi (Munqapi). This dictionary focuses on Third Mesa Hopi.

Background of the Dictionary Project

The entirety of the dictionary is based on present-day Third Mesa speech. Its preparation has also involved a comprehensive survey of the ethnographic and linguistic literature to identify Hopi vocabulary. Each item found has been checked against existing Third Mesa knowledge of Hopi. In addition to the references cited above, particu­ larly important among works surveyed are: Bible 1972, Btadfield 1974, Colton 1959, Hopi Health Department 1988, Kavena 1980, Mindeleff 1891, Stephen 1936, and li lt in g 1939. For a technical account of the construction of the dictionary, see Hill 1996.

Previous Work Hopi culture has received a great deal of serious ethnographic attention, but the language, by comparison, much less. This has al­ lowed the perpetuation of a bizarre and untrue myth—^fostered by the early work of Benjamin Lee Whorf—^that Hopi is a language without any linguistic representation of temporal notions, a “timeless” lan­ guage (Whorf 1956:216). Malotki convincingly disconfitms this in Hopi Time (Malotki 1983). The general lexicographical contributions prior to this dictionary are Voegelin & Voegelin 1957, Albert & Shaul 1985, and Seaman 1985. The Voegelins’ work was an exploration of Hopi semantic cat­ egories and was not intended as a substimte for a dictionaiy. Albert & Shaul 1985 is a sketchy word list, omitting stress and tone among other important feamres of pronunciation. Seaman 1985 appears to be but a printout of computer punchcards having to do with his work on Hopi lexicography, never reviewed for accuracy. Each one of these efforts, however, has been useful in compiling the present dictionary. For a treatment of Hopi language references and resources, see Seaman 1977, further expanded and revised in Seaman 1985. Laird 1977 provides a comprehensive, annotated listing of monographic and journal citations relating to all aspects of Hopi culture. Important among recent contributions are Black 1984, Whiteley 1988, Levy 1992, Geertz 1994.

The origins of the Hopi Dictionary Project, in principle, go back three decades and more. Emoty Sekaquaptewa, a Hopi speaker and member of the faculty of anthropology at the University of Arizona, has long had a dream of compiling such a dictionary as a vehicle for cultural preservation and the revitalization of his language, especially as a mean of the development of literacy in Hopi. Over the years he has attracted others to help him in the pursuit of his vision, including the other participants in the present Project. Much at the same time, Ekkehart Malotki, of Northern Arizona University, produced two major theoretical monographs (Malotki 1979, 1983), and working widi Herschel Talashoema, Michael and Lorena Lomatuway’ma, among other Hopi speakers, fostered a con­ siderable amount of text publication (cf. Malotki 1978, 1985, Malotki & Talashoema 1983, Malotki & Lomamway’raa 1984, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, Lomatuway’ma et al. 1993; cf. also Geertz & Lomatuway’ma 1987). Malotki developed a large file of linguistic and cultural information which has been shared with the present Dictionary Project. Malotki also served as an on-going collector and verifier of References materials for the dictionary. The majority of dictionary entries have Albert, Roy and David Leedom Shaul. 1985. A Concise Hopi and their origin in his contributions. Many of the example sentences in English Lexicon. Amsterdam and Philadelphia; John Benjamins. his monographs (Malotki 1979, 1983) are reused here with updated Bible. 1972. God Lavayiyat ah Puhuvasiwni. [the New Testament] transcription and improved translation. New York: American Bible Society.

*

Introduction

Guide to Dictionary Entries

XVI

Black, Maiy E. 1984. Maidens and mothers: an analysis of Hopi com metaphors. Ethnology 23.4; 279-288. Bradfield, Maitland. 1974. Birds o f the Hopi Region, Their Hopi Names, and Notes on Their Ecology. (Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 48.) Flagstaff: The Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art. Colton, Harold S. 1959. Hopi Kachina Dolls with a Key to Their Identification. 2nd ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Cortina-Boija, Mario and Leopoldo Valiflas C. 1989. Some remarks on Uto-Aztecan classification. International Journal o f American Linguistics 55.2: 214-239. Geertz, Annin W. 1994. The Invention o f Prophecy: Continuity and Meaning in Hopi Indian Religion. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London; University of California Press. Geertz, Armin W. and Michael Lomatuway’ma. 1987. Children of Cottonwood: Piety and Ceremonialism in Hopi Indian Puppetry. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. Hill, Kenneth C. 1996 A technical report on the Hopi Dictionary Project. Dictiorutries 17: 156-179. Hopi Health Department. 1988. Handbook o f Hopi Anatomical Terms. Kykotsmovi, AZ. Kalectaca, Mho. 1978. Lessons in Hopi, ed. Ronald W. Langacker. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Kavena, Juanita Tiger. 1980. Hopi Cookery. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Laird, W. David. 1977. Hopi Bibliography: Comprehensive and Annotated. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Langacker, Ronald W. 1977. An Overview o f Uto-Aztecan Grammar. Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar Vol. 1. (Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields 56.) Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington. Levy, Jerrold E. 1992. Orayvi Revisited: Social Stratification in an “Egalitarian’’ Society (wifli assistance from Barbara Pepper). Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press. Loinamway’ma, Michael, Loretta Lomatuway’ma, Sidney Natningha, Jr. 1993. Hopi Ruin Legends / Kiqotutuwutsi, collected, trans­ lated, and edited by Ekkehart Maiotki. Lincoln and London: Uni­ versity of Nebraska Press. Maiotki, Ekkehart. 1978. Hopitutuwutsi / Hopi Tales: A Bilingual Collection o f Hopi Indian Stories. Flagstaff; Museum of Northern Arizona Press. (Reprint Sun Tracks, vol. 9. Tucson: Sun Tracks and the University of Arizona Press, 1983.) 1979. Hopi-Raum: Eine sprachwissenschaftliche Analyse der Raumvorstellungen in der Hopi-Sprache. Tubinger Beitrage zur Linguistik 81. Tubingen: Gunter Narr. 1982. Hopi person deixis. In Here and There: Cross-Linguistic Studies on Debus and Demonstration, ed. J. Weissenbom and W. Klein. (Pragmatics and Beyond, vol. HI: 2/3.) Amsterdam and Philadelphia; John Benjamins. 1983. Hopi Time: A Linguistic Analysis o f the Temporal Concepts in the Hopi Language. Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton. 1985. Gullible Coyote / Una’ihu: A Bilingual Collection o f Hopi Coyote Tales. Tucson; University of Arizona Press. Maiotki, Ekkehart, and Michael Loinamway’ma. 1984. Hopi Coyote Tales / Istutuwutsi. (American Tribal Religions series, edited by Karl Luckert, vol. 9.) Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.

1987a. Stories o f Maasaw, a Hopi God. (American Tribal Reli­ gions series, edited by Karl Luckert, vol. 10.) Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. 1987b. Maasaw: Profile o f a Hopi God. (American Tribal Reli­ gions series, edited by Karl Luckert, vol. 11.) Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. 1987c. Earth Fire: A Hopi Legend o f the Sunset Crater Eruption. Flagstaff: Noithland Press. Maiotki, Ekkehart and Herschel Talashoema. 1983. Hopitutuwutsi / Hopi Tales: A Bilingual Collection o f Hopi Indian Stories. Tucson: Sun Tracks and The University of Arizona Press. Miller, Wick R. 1967. Uto-Aztecan Cognate Sets. (University of California Publications in Linguistics 48.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: California University Press. Mindeleff, Victor. 1891. A Study of Pueblo Architecture; Tusayan and Cibola. Bureau o f American Ethnology 8th Annual Report, 1886-1887: 3-228. Washington, DC. Powell, John Wesley. 1972. The Hopi Villages: The Ancient Province o f Tusayan. Palmer Lake, CO: Filter Press, (originally The ancient province of Tusayan, Scribner's Monthly 11.2, 1875.) Sapir, Edward. 1913, 1914-1919 Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a smdy in Uto-Aztekan. Journal de la SocUte des americanistes de Paris 10; 379-425, American Anthropologist 17: 98-120, 306328, Journal de la Society des americanistes de Paris 11: 443488. (Reprinted 1990: The collected works o f Edward Sapir V— American Indian languages. Volume editor William Bright. Ber­ lin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 351-443.) Seaman, P. David. 1977. Hopi linguistics: an annotated bibliography. Anthropological Linguistics 19.2: 78-97. 1985. Hopi Dictionary. (Northern Arizona University Anthropologi­ cal Paper No. 2.) Flagstaff; Department of Anthropology, Nor­ thern Arizona University. Stephen, Alexander M. 1936. Hopi Journal o f Alexander M. Stephen, ed. Elsie Clews Parsons. (Columbia Contributions to Anthropol­ ogy 23.) New York: Columbia University Press. 2 vols. Voegelin, Charles F., Florence M. Voegelin, and Kenneth Hale. 1962. Typological and comparative grammar o f Uto-Azfecan: I (Phonology). International Journal o f American Linguistics Memoir 17. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications in An­ thropology and Linguistics. Whiteley, Peter M. 1988. Deliberate Acts: Changing Hopi Culture through the Oraibi Split. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Whiting, Alfred F. 1939. Ethnobotany o f the Hopi. (Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 15.) Flagstaff; Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art. (Reprinted by AMS Press, New York, 1978.) Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 1946. The Hopi language, Toreva dialect. Linguistic Structures o f Native America, by Harry Hoijer et al., pp. 158-183. New York: Viking Fund. 1956. Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings o f Benja­ min Lee Whorf, ed. John B. Carroll. Cambridge; Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Wright, Barton. 1979. Hopi Material Culture. Flagstaff, AZ: North­ land Press and the Heard Museum.

Main entries 1. Head word Entries that contain full information on inflection, definition and examples (“main entries”) are made for the simplest and most common forms of words. Brief cross-reference entries are made for inflected forms that ate not easily predictable, such as many plurals, less common variants, and also combining forms and various prefixes and suffixes. Within an entry, the head word is in boldface type. For nouns, adjectives and verbs, the singular form, if any, is the main entry. (For nouns and adjectives, the nominative case singular is used.) Cross-reference entries are provided for irregular plurals and for plurals in which the base form undergoes some stem modification. Verbs optionally taking productive prefixes such as the reflexive naa- and the unspecified object tuu- (see grammar, §5.4.7) are found only under the corresponding non-prefixed forms; how­ ever, cross-reference entries are provided for prefixed forms that undergo modification of the stem. Postpositionalized adverbs and nouns are entered under the pimctive form (see grammar, §7.1.2), with difiusive, destinative, and ablative endings listed in the inflected forms field in that otder. (Items that do not take a punctive ending are listed under the first applicable ending, in the above-mentioned order.) Pronominal forms of all types are listed under the third person singular (with the a-, da-, e-, or ke- prefix; see grammar, §7.1.1). Alphabetical arrangement. The ordering of entries in the dictionary follows English alphabetical order, with adjustments made for the glottal stop (written with an apostrophe) and o. The following order is observed: a, e, g, h, i, k, I, m, n, o, 6, p, q, r, s, t, w, y. (g appears only in combination with a preceding n.) The glottal stop precedes all other letters in alphabetical arrange­ ment, e.g. kiletsi’y ma comes before kiletsim; d is ordered between 0 and p. But the glottal stop at the beginning of an item is ignored and indeed is not written at the beginning of a whole word. Accents (grave and acute: a, a, i, e, etc.) and other analytic marks are ig­ nored in alphabetization. (For spelling and pronunciation, see gram­ mar §1.) Parentheses within a head word indicate options. Parentheses set off the prefixes for pronominal forms (for example (a)ngvati ‘go along with, concede to’ which may also take the prefixes /-, itamu-, U-, inu-, umu- and amu-). Such entries are normally listed under the third person form, usually (a)- or (da)-. Interior parentheses present options in pronunciation (e.g., taawan(a)save ‘at midday’ may be pronounced taawarmsave or taawansave). Parentheses at the end of a head word indicate optional endings; for plural noun (usually cross-reference) entries, the parenthetic ending provides the animate ending, which usually adds -t or -m to the inanimate form; for postpositional entries, the “extreme” endings (in -q(-)) are provided in parentheses. AT-class verbs (those that add a “singulaiy” -k- or “augmentative” -m- in forming most derived forms or in adding suffixes; see grammar, §5.5) are listed with the -k- in parentheses: yori(k-) ‘see, observe’. Head words ending in (’at) are nouns that are obligatorily possessed; the -'at ending is the third person singular possessed form, which serves as the citation form for the dictionary; first and second person forms instead add a prefix (see grammrr §3.3). For alphabetization, initial parentheses are ignored: (a)ngvati is ordered as angvati; but parenthetic material at the end of a head word is ignored; inumi(q) is ordered as if inumi; yori(k-) is ordered as if yori. Head words with an interior bar (|). The portion of the head word that precedes the bar is replaced by the symbol - in the examples within the entry. Under the head word pikjlawu ‘be making piki’ is found the example Wuuti teevep -law n, which equates with the full form Wuuti teevep piklawu ‘The woman was making piki all day’. A head word such as (aa)kwayngya|p ‘behind’, a pronotninalized postpositionalized adverb, shows ffie third person singular prefix

(da-), and the punctive suffix (-p). An example at that entry, In u u -v a itim hoongi ‘My children are standing behind me’, shows use of the 1st person singular pronominal prefix along with the diffusive ending; in&u~va equates with inuukwayngyava. Head words without an interior bar. The entire head word is replaced in subsequent text by - . For moldwya ‘little bundle’, the plural form is listed as m o ~ ; this indicates that the fully written plural is momokiwya. Homophones are differentiated by the use of numerals following the entry form. 2. Inflected forms Inflected forms of an entry are listed in boldface in parentheses following the head word. For noun and verb entries, inflected forms listed first and without explanation are plural forms; for adverbial or noun postpositional entries the inflected forms listed without ex­ planation—the entry form is the punctive form—are diffusive, destirrative, ablative, each followed in parentheses by its extreme form, if applicable; after the abbreviation postp., the postpositions are listed in the order: punctive, diffusive, destinative, ablative. Other types of inflections are labeled. Completely regular inflections, such as the nominative dual -t, the absolutive accusative suffix -t, accusatives in -y for nouns ending in -w(u)/-ngw(u) and non­ singulars, are not listed. Adjectival accusative forms in -kw and their inflections are listed at the corresponding base forms in -y, but are cross-referenced only when there are stem changes. 3. Combining forms Forms that are used in derived or compound words (if different from the main entry form) are listed after an entry’s inflected forms, within the parentheses and preceded by the abbreviation comb. 4. Form class Form class abbreviations follow the parenthesized inflected forms. They label part of speech: adj. (adjective), adv. (adverb), conj. (conjunction), dem. (demonstrative), intens. (intensifler), interj. (intetjection), n. (noun), rmm. (numeral), part, (particle), poss. (possessive), postp. (postposition), pro. (pronoun), subor. (subordinator), v. (verb); transitivity: i. (intransitive), /. (transitive), dt. (ditransitive); number: sg. (singular), dl. (dual), pi. (plural); aspect: I. (imperfective), p. (perfective); and various other categories such as anim. (animate), inan. (inanimate), prfx. (prefix), sfx. (suffix). 5. Usage Some forms are restricted to female or male speakers; these are indicated with the respective abbreviations “fem.spkr.” or “masc. spkr.” Derived forms that are attributed to younger or less expert speakers of Hopi are labeled “YS.” Forms belonging to a special registers, e.g., baby talk, archaic, ritual, or song usage are marked accordingly. 6. Definition and examples For entries that provide multiple definitions, the definition which is considered basic (which is more commonly used or which appears to be the basis of more metaphorical meanings) is listed first. Hopi usage examples follow in italics for each definition for most main entries, with English translation. When an entry has more than one definition, the definitions are numbered sequentially in boldface. Usage notes may begin a particular definition; for example, “(des.)“ indicates that a destinative form (such as aw, aqw, -mi, or -miq) must be used with the entry to convey the given meaning; “(neg.)“ means the definition that follows applies to the entry used in negated form, as with qa ‘not’. Within the examples, the entry form is given in boldface or represented with - , or by a combination of the two methods. 7. Morphology A moiphological analysis is provided for all complex forms, in italicized Hopi, with hyphens segmenting the morphemes, followed

T

Guide to Dictionary Entries

xviii

in brackets by a standardized English gloss for each segment. “(?)” indicates an item that has not be identified or analyzed confidently. Abbreviations used in morphological analysis for common affixes are in capital letters in the list below and are explained further in the grammar. 8. Loanwords The origin of loanwords, where known, is provided in square brackets near the end of the entry, with the original language (usu­ ally abbreviated) listed first, followed in italics by the original word. 9. Related entries Reference is often made to forms that are grammatically related to an entry or to suppletive equivalents. Synonyms are also listed, as well as variant forms, representing alternative pronunciations.

10. Cross-reference entries Cross-reference entries are brief entries that refer to a main entry. They are provided for the following: irregular inflected forms (as well as many regularly-formed plurals); non-preferred variants; pausals that are remote from their base forms; pronominally prefixed forms other than the third person singular; reflexive verb forms or unspecified object verb forms that undergo a modification of the base; and combining forms. Examples of usage are normally not provided at cross-reference entries, but will be found at the referenced main entry. Cross-reference entries sometimes begin in a hyphen or in a hyphen followed by an apostrophe (glottal stop); these symbols—at the beginning of an item—are ignored in alpha­ betization.

Hop! Dictionary Hopiikwa Lavaytutuveni

Abbreviations (Items given in

CAPITAL LETTERS

are grammatical elements that appear in the morphological analysis of entries.)

IP first person 2P second person 3P third person ABL ablative abl. ablative ACC accusative acc. accusative adj. adjective ADJR adjectivalizer adv. adverb adv.postp. postpositionalized adverb anat. anatomical angl. anglicism anim. animate ATTEN attenuative AUG augmentative aug. augmentative baby baby talk ben. benefactive bib. biblical, i.e., used in the Hopi translation of the New Testament bot. botanical cap. when capitalized CAUS causative CIRCG circumgressive comb, combining form COMPL completive CONT continuous contr. contraction CUST customary dem. demonstrative DES destinative des. destinative DIF diffusive dif. diffusive DIM diminutive dim. diminutive DISTR distributive distr. distributive dl. dual dl./pl. dual and plural DS different subject (subordinator) DUR durative Eng English esp. especially EX extreme EXCLM exclamatory extr. extreme fem.spkr feminine speaker FS female speech, feminine speaker FUT future (tense) HAB habimal (tense)

i

hist, historical i. imperfective idiom, idiomatic, an expression inan. inanimate INDEF indefinite INGR ingressive INSTR instrument instr. instrumental intens. intensifier inter). interjection INTNS intensifier l.c. lower case, i.e., not capitalized lit. literally LOG locative loc. locative masc.spkr masculine speaker met. metaphorical MS male speech, masculine speaker n. noun n.posqr. posqrositionalized noun Nav Navajo neg. negative NEG negative NEX nexus NOM nominative nom. nominative NR nominalizer NSG non-singular n.sg. “noun singular” , a noun with no distinct plural form num. numeral obj. object p. perfective part, particle PASS passive PAUS pausal paus. pausal, pausalized PCT punctive pet. punctive PF perfective phr. phrase PL plural pi. plural PL;OBJ plural object POSS possessive poss. possessed POSTG postgressive postp. postposition, postpositionalized word pred. predicate usage PREG pregressive prfx. prefix pro. pronoun, esp. re pronominal prefix

PROG progressive PS pausal QNT quantity ques. question R realized RDP reduplication REFL reflexive (including reciprocal) refl. reflexive (and/or reciproc^) REL relativizer REP repetitive RSLT resultative sfx. suffix sg. singular sg./dl. singular and dual SG:OBJ singular (or dual) object sg.= pl. singular (and dual) the same as plural SGL singulary (the -k- suffix) Sp Spanish sp. species (sg.) SPEC specifying suffix {-wa) spp. species (pi.) SS same subject (subordinator) ST stative s.th. something subj. subject subor. subordinator SUBR subordinator syn. synonym temp, temporal usu. usually V. verb var. variant vdt. ditransitive verb vi. intransitive verb vi./vt. intransitive or transitive verb (works both ways) vi.des./vt. verb used with destinative construction or accusative case object (works both ways) vn. noun-incorporating verb vnt. transitive noun-incorporating verb voc. vocative vp. pronominal verb vpt. transitive pronominal verb VR verbalizer, verb-forming suffix vr. reflexive and/or reciprocal verb that has no non-reflexive counterpart vrt. reflexive/reciprocal verb that takes an additional object vt. transitive verb YS younger speakers’ usage zoo. zoologic^

I

A' a-, aa- pw.prjx.

him, her, it, 3rd person singular object, used with verbs and postpositions. Var. e-, ht- (before suffixes which induce e- vowel color). Cf. amu-, am^U', them; inu-, inuu-, me; itamu-, itamuu-, us; u-, uu-, uu-, you (sg.); umu-, umhu-, you (dl./pl.). -a ( —ya; comb, - —n-, -n-) v.sfic.p. causative. a n g a p sin g y , take off cornhusks to use as wrap­ pers — angapsingy—nta, be taking off cornhusks to use as wrappers — u 'nan —, remind — aril - nydyna, start to shear — dasaqalni’yta, have scat­ tered (inan.obj.). Cf. other causatives: -ina, -ta 1, -tapna. a’ Ia 1 (~ a a t) n. pinyon jay, scrub jay. —a hotskit ep tsokiwta. A jay is perched in the juniper tree. — Taaqa - a t aw pdokya. Tlie man shot at the jay with an arrow. — —a “a ’a ," yan toqtingwu. A jay calls “a’a .” a’a 2 adv. right? (question tag). pam pi pantangwu? Right, that’s how it is? — Put hapi Mdasawuy wu ’y a ‘yyungqe oovi’o, — ? They have Miasaw as their totem, right? Var. aa 2. a’aa interj. I agree; yes, that’s right (confirmation on a comment). A: Um paapu ang qenitat p u ’ haqamini. B: A: You cleanup [theplace] now, then go somewhere. B: Yeah, that’s right, -’a’aapa n. comb, of a a ’aapa, pi. of ^apa. - 'a- ‘dapa l-RDP-bedding] a’aat n. scrub jays, pinyon jays; pi. of a ’a 1. a ’da-t [jay-NSG] a’ahuwyani n. little worms; pi. of ahuwya. a- ’ahu-wya-m (RDP-worm-DIM-NSGJ ' ’a’aku/i. comb, of a a ’aku, inan.pl. of aaku. - ’a- 'aku [-RDP-concave] a’akuwya n. little spoons; inan.pl. of akuwya. a- ’aku-wya [RDP-concave-DIM] a’akuwyam n. little ones with a jutting chin and/ or less prominent nose; anim.pl. of akuwya. o- ’aku-wya-m [RDP-concave-DIM-NSG] -’a’ala n. comb, of a a ’ala, pi. of aala. ~’a-'ala [-RDP-horn]

a’alasvum adj.

conscientious, resourceful; pi. of alasvu. a-'alasvu-m [RDP-industrious-NSG] a’alawya n. small horns; pi. of al^wya. a -’ala-wya [RDP-horn-DIM] d’am ja (--ya) vt.i. bury. N u’ as itotsiy mowananiqeyep - a ; noqw tuuwa qa mowa’iwtaqw son nu ’ Idngaknani. I [was wanting to] bury my shoes here to make them moist, but the sand isn’t moist so 1 can’t stretch them out. d -’ama [RDP-bury] Cf. p. aama. ^’am| lawu (~lalw a) vt.i. keep burying. Sivdapit qa lakniniqw put tuuwat aw —lawu. She keeps burying the rabbitbrush in the wet sand so that it will not dry. d -’am-lawu [RDP-bury-CONTJ a’angwust n. crows, ravens; pi. of angwusi. fl- 'angwus-t [RDP-crow-NSGJ a’anhdoyam n. little ants; pi. of anhwya. a- ‘an-ho~ya-m [RDP-ant-RDP-DIM-NSG] a’aniwja idistr. —ya) vi.i.sg.=pl. be being produced, growing regularly. Pi yep sdosoy himu atkyangaqwsa —a. The fact is that all things that exist are being produced from the ground. — Iqa'oy taatasyam ang —a. The tasya bugs are breeding in my dried ears of com. a- ’aniwa [RDP-produce] Cf. p. aniwti. a’aniwna ( —ya) vt.i. 1. grow as a crop, be growing. Hopiit hisatpay naat Pahaanat qa pituqw homi’ymansaanat —ya. Long ago, when the Anglo had not yet arrived, the Hopis were growing pears. - Pas n u ’ a ’ni hiita —. I’m growing things abundantly. 2. be reproducing, producing a child.

i

Ima Hopinawuutit hakim tuwat mdmdntuy qa - q e qa hdalayi. Since this Hopi couple, for their part, weren’t producing any girls (daughters) they were unhappy. 3. be doing successfully, correctly, right. Pas n u ’ p u ’ pay - . I’m nearly doing it now. — Uma qa -y a . You’re not doing it quite right. a-'aniw-na [RDP-produce-CAUS] Cf. p. aniwna. a’aniwqa n.j'g. what into being, fruition; result. Sdosoy himu - tutskwangaqwsa ’a. All things that come into being come only from the land. — It lutskwangaqw hiita - t noonova. They eat these things that grow from the land, a -’aniw-qa [RDP-produce-REL]

-’a’ant {acc.

-’a’^ntuy; paus. -’a’ikntu) n. comb. of aa’ant, pi. of aanu. - 'a- ’an-t [-RDP-ant-NSG] a’apiwyam n. useful, industrious ones; pi. of apiwya. a -’api-wya-m [RDP-useful-DIM-NSG] a’atokt n. cranes; pi. of atoko. a -’atok-t [RDP-crane-NSG]

a’atsvewpin.jg.

seat, chair, s.th. used for sitting. Pay yep i ’ tavupu - ; uma ang yesvani. This quilt here is for use as a seat; you can sit on it. — Pew - t kima’a. Bring the chairs here. a -’atsvew~pi [RDP-seat-NR]

a’atsvewpi | hoya ( —hooya) n.

little chair, stool. Ya haqam —hoya qaatsi? Where’s the little stool sitting?------ hdoya simdmti. The little stools have b r o k e n , a -’atsvew-pi-hoya [RDP-seat-NR-DIM] a’atuwyam n. little lice; pi. o f a t u w y a . a~'atu~ -wya-m [RDP-louse-DIM-NSG] A’avatshooyam n. Avatshoya kachinas; pi. of Avatshoya. a- ’avats-ho-ya-m [RDP-speckled:corn-RDP-DIM-NSGl

-’a’avu adj.

comb, aa’avu, pi. of aavu. - 'a-’avu

[-RDP-rotten]

-’a’awna - ’awna

( —ya) vt.p. comb, of aa’awna. - ’a~

[-RDP-infwm]

-’a’aya n.

comb, of aa’aya, pi. of aaya. - ’a -’aya

[-RDP-raltle]

a’ayawya n.

little rattles; pi. of ay^wya. a -’aya’Wya [RDP-rattle-DIM] a ’h o h o y jla w u ( —lalwa) vi.i. keep going back, making little progress. Nu’ uunaniiqe oovi -law u. I keep going back (and starting over) because I’m so forgetful. — Nu' pasve huurtiqe teevep -law kyangw pu ’ yama. When I got stuck (mired down) in the field, I got out by moving (my vehicle) back and forth for a long time, a- ’-ho-hoy-lawu [RDP-3P-RDP-back:lo-CONT] a ’h o h o y n a ti I m a (-w isa ) vt.i. be pushing back, making obj. move back while obj. is trying to pro­ gress. Nuy huukyangw —ma. The wind kept push­ ing me back. — Qa sdosok hiita u 'n i’yta; klmaniqey itamuy -m a . He doesn’t remember everything he’s supposed to take, so he keeps making us go back. — Tiydoya kawayot as tatkyaqw -m a ; noqw pamniikyangw put qa angwu 'ynuma. The little boy kept trying to push the horse back on the southeast side, but was having a hard time controlling the horse (which was moving forward), a- ’-ho-hoy~na-t-ima [RDP-3P-RDP-back:to-CAUS-REP-PR0G] a ’h o h o y ti | m a ( —wisa) vi.i. keep going back and forth, backtracking, going back a little and then progressing and repeating this routine. Suyang’ephoya —ma. The Suyang’ephoya kachina keeps going back and forth from one place to another. — N u’ naap uunaniiqe sutsep -mangwu. Since I’m forgetful, I keep going back for something. — Tiydoyat kawayo ’at —maqw pam put qa angwu 'yma. The little boy’s horse kept wanting to go back and he had a hard time controlling it. a- ’-ho-hoy-t-ima [RDP-3P-RDP-back:to-REP-PROG] a ’h o b o y tin iu n | a ( —ya) vi.i. go around going back and then forward again. Is uni. Tsito kur

nuutum pltuuqe yangqe' - a . How delightful, a Tsito kachina has apparently arrived with the others and is going back and forth around here, a -’-ho-hoy-t-inuma [RDP-3P-RDP-back:to-REP-CIRCG] a’ii|p(aq) ( - k y e ’ (-k y a q e ), -p o (q ), -p aq w ; paus. pet. - p ’o )postp.adv. outside of 3P. d -’ii-p (-aq) [3P-outside-PCT(-EX)l Var. ^a’)ip(aq). See iip(aq). 3 ’k i(~ y a ; comb, aki-) vt.p.pi.obj. pick com, pick unhusked ears of corn from the stalk. N u’ qaa’ot - . [ picked dry ears of com off the stalk. — Tootim mdmdntuy amumum uuyit ep samit —ya. The boys and girls picked fresh com in the field together. — Pam peehut samit - q e p u ’ nima. He went home when he had picked some fresh corn. a -’ki [RDP-pick:cOTn] Cf. sg.obj. ^ k i k n a . Syn. a’kita, akimna. a’ki |lawu (-la lw a ) vt.i.pl.obj. be picking com off the stalks. Puma sami'uyit awye’ pang p u ’ puma put -lalwangwu. They usually keep on going along picking corn off the stalks whenever they go to the corn plants, a -’ki-lawu [RDP-pick: corn-CONT)

a’kima ( —

have been to pick corn. Nu ’ poma ’uyit sdosok p u ’ —. I’ve been to pick all the corn off the stalks of the early crop, a -’ki-ma lRDP-pick;corn-POSTG]

a’kijta

( —tota) vt.p.pi.obj. pick corn, pick un­ husked ears of corn from the stalk. Maana uuyit ep ang samit - t a t p u ’ put soviwa. After the girl picked the corn in the field, she steamed it. {ep = there [at the field], ang = from several plants) a -’ki-ta [RDP-pick:corn-DISTR] Cf. sg.obj. ^akikna. Syn. a’ki, akimna. a’kiti|m a (-w isa ) vt.i.pl.obj. go along picking com. Peehut qa taaydngqat - m a . She went along picking corn off the stalks, some of which were not ripe (kernels not formed well), a -’ki-t-ima [RDP-picktcorn-DISTR-PROG] Syn. akiminma. a’kitiniun | a ( —ya) vt. i.pl. obj. go around picking corn from stalks. N u’ pay ang taaydngqat.sa - a . I’m going around picking only the ripe corn from the stalks, a- ’ki-t-inuma [RDP-pick:corn-DISTR-CIRCG] Syn. akiminnuma. a’kijto (-w isa ) vt.i.pl.obj. go to pick com. Pay puma samit pantaqat -wisngwu. They usually go to pick corn that is like that (as is, whether ready or not), a -’ki-to [RDP-pick:corn-PREG] a’kivu adj.pl. picked, re com. Qa himu ep ang - . There’s nothing along there that’s picked, {ep, there [at the field], ang, from several plants) a -’ki-vu lRDP-plck:corn-RSLT(PL)]Syn. akimru. Cf. sg. ^akikpu. a’ldngt adj. different; pi. of alongo. a -’ldng-t [RDP-differem-NSG]

a’longti Ima( —wisa) vi.des.i.

go along changing. / ' Pahaana sdosok hiita aw —ma. The Anglo goes along (through time) changing everything. a- 'long-t-ima [RDP-different-CAUS-PROGJ a’16ngtiniun| a (—ya) vi.des.i. go around chang­ ing. Pas Pahaanam yang sdosok hiita aw -y a . The Anglos are going around changing everything. a~ ’Idng-t-inuma [RDP-different-CAUS-CIRCG] a’naha’ 12iadj. rough, tough; inan.pl. ofanaha’a. a -’naha’a [RDP-rough] a’ne intens. (masc.spkr.) = a’ni. a’ni {paus. —M) intens. (masc.spkr.) 1. very, quite. — hongvi. He’s very strong.------ qala’ytaqat owat ep kwusu. He picked up a stone that had very sharp edges. — Nu' - kwaayaqmokiwta. I have a very bad cold. — Hotsor'angw pas mokhuru. A centipede is very hard to kill. — Ti’am - tuutuyti. Their child got very sic k .------

a’ni’iwma putut iikwiwta. She was carrying a very heavy load on her back. 2. hard, intensely. Taaqa pasve tumala'yta. The man is working hard in the field. — Hak sumataq it aw pas - tumdlta; oovi pas lomayukiwta. Someone apparently worked on this very hard; that’s why it is made well. — Taaqa tiw’ayay n a ’dnayat ep -- qddqdya. The man admonished his nephew hard because of his lazi­ ness. — Hihin -- wuvdata. She hit him a little harder. — Muidipi yang pdqlaq hovaqtu. The muJdipi plant that is alongside the road smells very strong. — Nu’ ~ itupkoy amum naayawva. I fought very hard with my younger brother. — Is ana, pam okiw ~ munu. How painful it must be; the poor thing fell down very hard. — Qa pas ~ nuvayoyoki. It is not snowing h ard.------ wuuwanta. He’s worrying a lot / He’s thinking hard. — ~ y u ’a. She’s quite a talker. 3. loud, loudly. Puma pavan —tddtoqtivaya. They started shouting very loudly. — H a ksus''- tdna’ytaqa — tawmaqw susmataq tddtdqa. The one who has the loudest voice is singing most noticeably. — Hak - pdngqawu. Someone said it out loudly. — Qa pas yu'a'atani. Don’t talk so loudly. 4. (with nouns) formidable, great, prominent. Pay yaw pam paapiy pas ~ tuuhikya. They say that from then on he was a great healer. — / ’ oovi saana pay pas ~ ngahu Hopit aw piiwu. This pine pitch is a leading medicine to the Hopis also. — I ’ — ngahu. This is strong medicine. — Nu' — mongwit ti’at. I’m a child of a big leader. — Pam taaqa ~ *i. That man is strong. 5. (re land forms or shapes) sharply featured, deep or steep. Tukya pi ~ piw ki'ytangwu. The prairie dog too has a deep burrow. — Pdngqe yaw — tupqa’yta. They say that there’s a steep canyon along there. — Oomiqhaqami ~ titupela. There’s a very high steep wall going up. — Yaw oovi hiisayhoya: niikyangw piw yaw ~ tsuku’yta. So it was very small, but it also had a sharp point. 6. a lot, many, plenty, thriving. Put na'at - uuyi’yta. Her father has a lot of plants growing. — Sinom ~ so'a, wuuhaqniiqam. A lot of people died, a great many of them. — Sdosovik hoqlova tuva - ’i. Everywhere in the woods there are a lot of pinyon nuts. — Pay hapi nu’ uungaqw — hiita tuwi’yva. I’ve really learned a lot from you. — Nu ’ pi se ‘el oovi hoop kuyvama; noqwpay qa hin — tuusu. So I was at the northeast side checking this morning and there weren’t many weeds. — Pay pi nu' haak ydasa'ni; pay pi i ’ ^ H. I’ll take this much for now; this is plenty. — Itamuupeq pi pay sipal’uyisa —. At our place only the peach orchards are thriving. 7. prosperously. Puma - qatu. They are living prosperously. — Pas hapi pay It sure is going well. 8. fast, rapid. Taawa — hdyta. Time is really moving fast. — Isikisve husikisvey dape - warta. My car is much faster than your car. 9. good, good at, capable, competent. Pam yaw tuwat it tuulewnit ep He in turn is said to be very good at weaving. — Pas pam huuydnpit ~ . He’s good at selling. — Pam pasvaniqey kur put tuwat ~ . He apparently is good at farming. — ~ pasva. He’s good in the field. — Pam pas tuututuqaynaniqey She’s good at teaching others. 10. (with sus-) to the greatest extent. Pumuy uuyi'am sus’-- wungwa. Their plants grew the best (tallest). 11. (neg., with pas) not too, not so, not very. Qa pas — yu'a'a­ tani; taq mono puupuwva. Don’t speak so loudly, because little sister is falling asleep. — N u’ put sutsep meewanta, qa pas — kaphet hiihikwniqat. I keep warning her all the time not to be drinking too much coffee. — Pas n u ’ itihuy qa pas ~ hiikyatoynaqe pay suuhuyalawu. Since I didn’t put a very high price on my kachina dolls, I was selling them quickly. Var. a ’ne, a ’nd. (These

a’tsipna

2 variants lack pausals.) Cf. pas, fem.spkr. hin*ur. a ’n i ’iw |]]ia (~ w isa ) vi./vt.i. (masc.spkr.) 1. (vt.) be getting good at. Um Hopilavayit -m a . You’re getting good at Hopi. 2. (vi.) be getting more and more affected (as by alcohol, disease). Nu’ -m a . I’m getting drunker, a 'ni- 'iw-ma [very(MS)-ST-PROG] Cf. fem.spkr. hin’u r’iwma. a ’ili’i w |t a ( —yungwa) vi.i. (masc.spkr.) be good at, be peaking in regard to s.th. Itdamana p u ’pay matava pas —ta. Our daughter is good at the grinding stones now. a ’ni-’iw-ta [very(MS)-ST-DURl Cf. fem.spkr. hin’urTwta. a ’n i ’unangw ay/i.jg.pow .flcc./aifv. (masc.spkr.) See unangwa. a 'ni- 'unangwa-y [very(MS)-heart-ACC] a ’n i’y |m a ( —wisa) vi.i. (masc.spkr.) 1. be really moving along, quickly or with concentrated effort. Wuyniikyangw naat pasminen —mangwu. He’s old but when he goes to the field he still goes really moving along. 2. be becoming more abnormal or unnatural in behavior, as when under nervous pressure, or under the increasing influence of drink or drugs. Naat as qa wuuyaq hikwt pay -m a . He hasn’t drunk a lot yet, but he’s already getting high, a ’ni-’y-ma [very(MS)-POSS-PROG] a ’n i’y n u in | a (-'y a ) vi.i. (masc.spkr.) go around drunk. Piw pay itdataha - a . Our maternal uncle is going around drunk again, a ’ni- ‘y-numa [very(MS)-POSS-CIRCGl

a ’n i’y j t a (-yungw a) vi.i. (masc.spkr.) 1. be manifesting abnormal, unnatural behavior, as under nervous pressure, drunkenness, drugs. Pam -kyangw pitu. He was “high” when he arrived. — Nu ’ kur hin wdrikni'ymani; nu ’ —ta. I can’t do the driving; I’m really drunk. 2. have vigor, be really going at it. Pas naat nuvayoyangw - ta . The snowstorm is still really going strong. — Pas naat yooyoyangwt -yungwa. The rain clouds are still going strong, a ’ni-’y-ta [very(MS)-POSS-DURl Cf. fem.spkr. hin’urni’yta. a ’n i’y v a (~ ya) vi.p. (masc.spkr.) arrive mani­ festing abnormal, unnatural behavior, as under nervous pressure, drunkenness, drugs. Pam yaw Nuvatukya ‘ongaqw pay piw - . They say he came back from Flagstaff high (on alcohol) again. a ’ni-'y-va [very(MS)-POSS-INGRl Cf. fem.spkr. hin’urniVva. a ’n i h im u ( ~ hiitu) n. (masc.spkr.) influential, important, prominent person, sacred being, one who is venerated. Tsay as okiwwungwt p u ’ wuuyoqtiqe kur pam — - . Even after the child grew up in poverty, since becoming mature it appears he is an influential person. — Pu ’ pay pi yaw panhaqam himuwa - - mokqw pay put hikwsi’at as yepningwu. When an influential person dies in that manner, they say his soul is supposed to remain here. Cf. pas himu, very important, sacred (inan.), fem.spkr. hin’ur himu. a ’n ijh o y a ('^hdoyam) n. one who is capable, “great little one.” Pas pi laalayniqey ep -hoya. He was a great little one at herding sheep. — Pas pi itam nanamuniwuy ep -hdoyam . We’re good at (running) the ceremonial race, a 'ni-hoya [very(MS)-DIMl

a ’n i|la w u ( -'la lw a ) vi./vM'. 1. be making strong, fast in running. Oovi puma Isngyamniqw Pavawkyayngyam hongvi’aymuy p u ' yaw puma -lalwa. So the Coyote clan and Swallow clan were training their men to be strong runners. 2, iyi.des.) be criticizing. Itdamoyi inumi —lawu. Our mdoyi is reprehending me (jokingly), a ’ni-lawu [very(MS)-CONTl a ’n i |t a (-to ta ) vi.p. (masc.spkr.) 1. intensify. Pu ’ pay yaw yooyangw pas —ta. The rain intensi­ fied. — Ikwayaqtuya pas - ta . My cold got much worse. — Pay yaw pam tayayataqe nuwu —ta.

•

|!|1

When it was quaking it gradually became intense. 2. (temp.) spend a long period of time. Pas - ta nik(t) naaloqhaqam muyninangwu. If he really took the time, he would spend about four months. 3. make good progress. Pay itam - ta . We did a lot of work. 4. (des., masc. or fem.spkr.) get angry at, let des. have it verbally. Pas inumi - ta . He gave me a piece of his mind, a ’ni-ta [very(MS)-CAUS] Cf. fem.spkr. hin*uita. a ’n ij t i (-'toti) vi.p. (masc.spkr.) 1. become good at it. Pam as mdotiniqw qa a ’ni; p u ’ pam - t i. At first he wasn’t great, then he got good at it. 2. get strong. Iti tiyo naat p u ’ wawartivat pay suu’—ti. After my son had just started running, he got strong right away. 3. become abundant. Pang —ti. It (the crop) grew abundantly along there, a ’ni-ti [vcry(MS)-Rl Cf. fem.spkr. hin’urti. a ’n i| v o o k o (-^vopkot; comb. -vok~) n. excep­ tional animal. Itda’—vdoko okiw wuydoti. Our poor hard-working animal (mule, sheep dog) got old. — Tawvayat kawayvoko’at pas —vdokoniqw put aw kwangwa’ytutuswa. Tawvaya’s horse is an exceptional animal; that’s why they admire it. a ’ni-vdoko [very(MS)-possessed:animal] a ’n d intens. (masc.spkr.) = a’ni. a ’o |v e ( q ) ( —va(qe), —mi(q), —ngaqw) postp. above 3P. d -’o-ve(-q) [3P-up-PCT(-EX>] Var. ia ’ove(q). See oove(q). a’pit adj./n. industrious (ones); pi. of api. a -’p i-t [RDP-useftil-NSG]

(a)’pungyal|a a- ’pungyala

( --ya) vp.i. = (^a)pungyala.

[3P-associate:with]

a’qawi {comb, aqaw-) n.sg. = ^aqawu. a’qawu {comb, aqaw-) n.sg. = aaqawu. a’tsa n. lies, falsehoods; pi. of atsa. a -’tsa

[RDP-one:usefiil:for:a:purpose]

a ’w iw a m n. ones designated for a purpose; anim. pi. of awiwa. a -’wiwa-m [RDP-one:useftil:for:a: purpose-NSG]

= a’wiwam. a-'wiwa-t

[RDP-one:useful:

for:a:purpose-NSG] [RDP-

vn.i. be making things up, lying. Pam sinmuy aw hiita —lawngwu. He’s usually lying to the people. — Pam qa hiihilcwqey -lawu. He’s telling lies that he’s not drinking (alcohol). — Siivat oovi amumi —lalwa. He’s making up lies to them for (their) money, a ’tsa-lawu [falsehoods-CONT] Cf. atsalawu, be lying, telling falsehoods, a’tsat n. (with hin’ur or a'ni) liars; pi. of atsa. a- 'tsa-t [RDP-false-NSG] a’tsati|ma (--wisa) vn.i. go along telling lies (about). Hotsiwat uutsi’ymakyangwpiw naato hiita -m a . As he was closing the door behind him, he was still making lies about things, a'tsa-t-ima Ifalsehoods-CAUS-PROGl Cf. atsata, lie (about), misinform. a’tsatinum| a (~ya) vn.i. go around telling lies (about). Pas pam panis kiinawit hiihiita - a . She’s constantly going around in the village telling lies. a ’tsa-t-inuma [falsehoods-CAUS-CIRCGl (a)’tsip- comb, of (a)’tsiva. a -’tsip- [3P-accord:with-J a’tsipna (~ya) vi./vt.i. 1. {vi.) do or perform as expected, do what one can with one’s personal resources and limitations. Pay pi oovi pam - . So he’s doing what is expected of him (under his situation, status). — Noqw itam tsaatsayom qa hiita aw aasi’yydngqam pi pay oovi puuvut - y a . And we who are young and not initiated in any high religious orders are simply doing what can be ex­ pected of us (in our ignorance). — Piw naat um uukaphey wehekna; pay pi um —. You’ve spilled your coffee again; that’s Just what can be expected of you. — Pay pi nu’ tuwat - . Well, I’m doing what’s ingrained in me to do (what do you ex­ pect?). — Pay pi um - . It’s like you to do it. 2. {vt.) act in accord with or demonstrate (a character trait). Taaqa hiisaqhoyat uuyiy ep tuusut qa dngwu’ymaqe nuksiway —. In his own small

a’ya I lawu (-la lw a )

vdt.i.distr. be asking to carry out several tasks. Um qa ndnahinkinat tatam nuy hiita —lawni. Don’t be hesitant in asking me to do things, a -’ya-lawu [RDP-helper-CONT] Cf. non-distr. ayalawu. -’a’yam/i. pl.comb. of aya. - ’a -’ya-m [-RDP-helper-NSG]

a’yat {comb, -’a ’yat) n. helpers; pi.

of aya. a- ’ya-t

[RDP-helper-NSG]

aa 1 interj.

aa asna

3

area of the cornfield, the man was unequal to the task of dealing with the weeds, and so he demon­ strated his lack of stamina, a -’tsip-na [3P-accord: wiih-CAUS] Var. aatsipna. (a)’tsi I va (com*. -p -)v p .i.jg . (often with pay pi or pas pi) behave in a manner in accord with the nature, habit or tradition of. A: Piw naat ahoy pitu. B: Pas pi a ~ va . A: He has come back again. B: He always does that. — Pay pi pamwa hiita hintsakqw pay a-pngw u. When he’s the one doing something it fits him. — Katsina pay qastumkye’pitkuntaqw a-pngw u. It looks right when the kachina wears his kilt just above the knee. — Pay pi inu~va: pay pi n u ’ son hintini. Well, 1 always do this, so I’ll not suffer any consequence. — Pay pi inu~va; oovi n u ’ piw pay yanti. Well, that’s me, so I’ve done this again. — A: Um piw pay hinti? B: Nu’ piw pay yanti. A; Pay pi u~ va . A: What did you do again? B: I did this again. A: It’s like you to do it. — Uma piw naat naangwutota ? Pay pi umu ~va. Did you get into an argument again? Oh well, it’s nothing new for you. — Pas hapi uunapna a ~ va . Your shirt looks appropriate (to the occasion). — Ya pay inu —va. Does it fit in with me? — Pay pi itamu~va: su ’itamuupetingwu. Well, it’s ingrained in us (by custom); it fits us. a -’tsiva [3P-accord:with] Var. (aa)tsiva, a ’w iw a n. devices for; inan.pl. of awiwa, a -’wiwa

a’wiwat n.

-false]

a’tsajlawil ( —ialwa)

(a)’tsiva

oh! a ’ni n u ’ tamdasusuya. Oh! I have a nagging toothache, aa 2 adv. right? question tag. V pitkuna pay itdamu, - ? This kilt is ours, right? — Pam pi pantangwu, - ? That’s the one that’s like that, right? Var. a ’a 2. aa- comb, of aahu. [worm-] aa-, a- pro.prjx. 3rd person singular object: him, her, it; used with verbs and postpositions. Var. ^e-, e-. Cf. amuu-, amu-, them; inuu-, inu-, me; itamuu-, itamu-, us; iiu-, uu-, u-, you (sg.); umuu-, umu-, you (dl./pl.). aa’aakwayngya | va(qe) ( ~m i(q), -ngaqw ) postp.distr. behind each of several. Pang o'wat - v a pam kukuytima. He went along looking behind each of the rocks, aa- ’da-kwayngya-va{-q-e) [RDP-3P-behind-DIF(-EX-DIF)] Cf. (^)kw ayngyap. aa’aapa (com^. -’a ’aapa)n. bedding, padding;p/. of aapa. aa-’dapa [RDP-bedding] aa’aapavi n. inner rooms; pi. of aapavi. aa— 'dapavi [RDP-inner;room] aa’aasati n. things earned; pi. of aasati. aa- ’dasati [RDP-earned:thing] aa’aasonjaq (or -v a(q e), -m i(q ), -ngaqw ) postp.inan.pl. inside, \ns\dQoi. I ’uyi pas naat - a q sdkwawsa. The insides of my plants are still green. — Itda’ova naat - va qa kwangw’iwyungwa. Our grapes are not ripe yet on the places inside (the vine). — - m i tsurumnani. Stick them into the insides. — Mootinumqa motskit —ngaqw qootsat

moohot langaminma. The yucca-leaf picker is going along pulling out the white leaves from the middle of the yucca plants.------ ngaqwsa wuuwupaniqw nu ’pangqw sivdapit nepna. The long ones are only on the insides of the rabbitbrush shrubs and there’s where I took the stems, aa-'da-sona-q [RDP-3P-inside-DIF] Cf. anim. (^a)$o$onaq, sg. (aa)sonaq. aa’aatsava postp.pl. = aatsatsava. aa-'da-tsa-va [RDP-3P-between-DIF| aa’ahoyti| m a ( - wisa) vi.i. = a’hohoytima. aa- 'a-hoy-t-ima [RDP-3P-back:to-REP-PROG] aa’ahoytinum|a(~ya) vi.i. = a’hohoytinuma. aa- 'a-hoy-t-inuma [RDP-3P-back:to-REP-CIRCG] aa’aku(comi>. -’a’aku) n. spoons, ladles; inan.pl. o f aaku. aa-’aku [RDP-concaveJ aa’akut n. o n e s w ith ju ttin g c h in s ; anim.pl. o f aaku. aa-’aku-t [RDP-concave-NSG] aa’akwsingwpu n . r e m a in d e rs , le fto v e rs ; pi. o f akwsingwpu. aa-’akwsingw-pu [RDP-remain-RSLT] aa’ala {comb, -’a’ala) n. a n tle rs , h o r n s ; pi. o f aala. aa-’ala [RDP-horn] Aa’alt {acc. Aa’altuy; paus. Aa’altu) n.pl. mem­ bership of the A1 or Two-Horn society, the priests of the society. — yungiwta. The A1 priests are in ceremonial session, aa-’al-t [RDP-horn-NSG] Cf. sg. Aala’ytaqa. aa’an adv. resembling in all respects. — yukiwta. It is made with the same features as that. — Pay put - tiivangwu. They dance (in movements and motions) the same way as that (of some other dancers), aa-’a-n [RDP-3P-way] aa’a n j’e’way(flcc. —’e’wakw) like, resem­ bling, often with nerative implication, hence: poor looking, humble, ugly, inan.pl. of an’eway. aa-'a-n- 'e- 'wa-y [RDP-3P-way-RDP-like-N0M] postp.distr. 1. on, along, around, those places (which are perceived as distant). Pas pam - s a povoni. He keeps going around and around the same (distant) circuit.------sa lewitani. He will keep painting over in the same (hard to reach) places. 2. on the far sides, along the edges. Paavasat - u ’tatima. They went along fencing in the fields. — Tusaqqolot qalavaqe - qa himu kuyta. On the extreme edges of the stand(s) of grass, nothing is growing, aa-’dng-q-e [RDP-DIF-EX-DIF] Cf. non-distr. angqe. aa’angqwsa postp. from the same place (repeat­ edly). Hotvilpeq - hisat hakim kuukuyayangwu. At Hotevilla we used to dip water from the same spot (in the spring), aa-’dngqw-sa [RDP-ABL-only] aa’angsa postp. in or over the same place (repeat­ edly). Vm pas - penta. You keep marking over the same place.------ waynuma. She keeps walk­ ing around in the same area. — Pay kuukuy pam povonngwu. It makes circuits around on its own tracks / It keeps going over its own tracks. aa- ’ang-sa [RDP-DlF-only] aa’angva’y |ta (-yungw a) vt.i. be humoring, going along with what obj. says (repeatedly). Hak tsaakw aw unangwa’y te’ pam hakiy aw hin naawaknaqw hak put -tangwu. If you love a child, whatever it desires of you, you keep going along with what it says. — Pay as inumi a ’tsalawqw pay n u ’ put —ta. He tells me lies (about what he does), but I just keep going along with him. aa-’a-ngva-’y-ta [RDP-3P-help-P0SS-DUR) aa’ansa adv. in the same way (repeatedly). Naalds puma kivdapeq qoniltoti, - tootoqtikydakyangw. They went around in a circle four times in the kiva while making the same sounds. — Pay um - rooyantani. Keep turning it the same way. aa-’a-n-sa [RDP-3P-way-only] aa’ant {acc. aa’antuy; paus. aa’antu; comb. -’a’ant) n. ants; pi. of aanu. aa-’an-t [RDP-ant-

-NSG]

aa’antsaa^v. seriously, wholeheartedly, faithfully, solemnly. Nu’ pas naat — 'a. I’m still going at it seriously. — Pas pi himu hiita -ningwu. He really does things in a wholehearted manner. — Pu' puma totokpe mihikqw p u ’ pas tuwat -y a ngwu. When night comes on the ceremonial eve then they really go into it seriously, aa-’antsa [RDP-really]

aa’an | tsaki( —tsatskya) vt.i.

repeatedly be doing it like (it should be done). Pam qa —tsaki. He’s not doing it right. — Hak nawus pumuy tutavoyamuy —tsakngwu. You have to keep doing what they advise you to do, to the letter. — Put tutavoyat —tsatskya. They are doing what he is advising them to do. aa-’a-n-tsaki [RDP-3P-way-be:doing] Cf. (a)ntsaki, be doing it like. aa’antsak|m a( —.wisa) vt.i. = aa’antsaktima. aa- 'a-n-tsak-ma [RDP-3P-way-be:doing-PROG] aa’antsakti j ma ( —wisa) vt. i. go along repeated­ ly doing it like (it should be done), imitating, copying, foWowing. Itampangqwnaatutuwiktiwisqw n u ’ qa —ma. When we were coming from there playing follow-the-leader, I was not imitating right. - Nu’ put kuukuyat ang - m a . I went along following its tracks precisely (step by step). — Put soy tutavoyat - m a . She went along doing what her grandmother instructed, aa-’a-n-tsak-t-ima [RDP-3P-way-be:doing-REP-PROG] Cf. (a)ntsaktima, go along doing it like. aa’antsajtawi ( —tatawi) n. sacred song, ritual song, -tataw it akw enang puma qatsit aw nukngwalalwa. They are using sacred songs as well to enhance life, aa-’antsa-tawi [RDP-really-song] aa’antsatiwj a vi.i.sg. be being done in accor­ dance with proper tradition. Hopiwimi pas naat - a . The Hopi ritual practices are still being respected, aa-’antsa-t-iwa (RDP-really-REP-PASS] aa’antsawa {comb, -’a ’antsawa) adj./n.sg. solemn, sacred, important, worshipful. Pam —t taatawit sdutoki. He forgot the sacred songs. — Umuu*a*antsaway uma s o ’tapnaya. You all have brought your solemn observances to an end. — Puma pep pas -tya . They are serious in going about the ritual things there. — I ’ — pas himu. These solemn things are very important, aa- ’antsa-wa [RDP-really-SPEC] aa’anvewat or aa’anve adv. according to tradition and proper practice; seriously, faithfully, dutifully (emphatic form of anvewat, anve). Pas - wiimiy ang hintsakma. He’s going along with his religious practices according to the proper ways they are done, aa- 'a-n-vewat [RDP-3P-way-in:the: manner]

aa’apiy

adv. ahead of the right or proper time. Naat tundsvongyaldwqe qa yukuqw pay tsaatsayom - aw yesvanta. She hadn’t even finished putting the food on the table and the children were already sitting down to it. — Pam — tuumoyta. He is eating prematurely (without waiting for the others). aa- 'apiy [RDP-prcmaturcly] Cf. aapiy, ahead of time. aa’a s|i( —ya) vi.i. 1. be washing one’s hair. Naat n u ’ - i . I’m still washing my hair. — Nu’ —qw pam yangqaqw paki. While I was washing my hair she came in. 2. be getting ritually initiated by anointing the head with water, baptized. Ima Alwimit aw —yaqam pu ’ yungya. These that are being accepted into the A1 society ritual by anointing the head with water have now gone into ceremonial session, aa- ’asi [RDP-wash:hair] Cf. p. aasi. aa’asjlawu ( —lalwa) vi.i. keep washing one’s hair. Naat n u ’ —lawqw pam pitu. I kept on washing my hair when she arrived, aa-’as-lawu [RDP-wash:hair-CONT]

aa’asna

( —ya) vt.i. be washing obj.’s hair. Tii-

aa’asnatoyni’ywisa qatsqa tiposiy amum sdnattaqw tiposit kya’at put tUngwaniqe su ’its talavay put moovit akw . When the new mother with her baby made it to twenty days of the lying-in period, the baby’s paternal aunt was washing its hair with yucca root suds in order to give it a name, aa-'as-na [RDP-wash:halr-CAUS) aa’asnatoyni’ywisja vt.i.pi. perform ritual washing of obj.’s hair through the course of time. Hoplit timuy wim'unangway ang —a. The Hopi people, in their religious belief, perform washing of the hair of their children through the course of time, aa-'as-na-to-yn-i-’y-wisa [RDP-wash:hair-CAUS-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-PROG(PL)] aa’astijma (~w isa) vi.i. go along washing hair. Piw hakim sunattaniqey aqw -mangwu. And we (mother and baby) would go along through the days (during the twenty days of post-natal lying-in) washing our hair toward the arrival of the twenti­ eth day. aa-'as-l-ima [RDP-wash:hair-REP-PROG] aa’asyam n. sparrows; pi. of asya 1. aa-'asya-m [RDP-sparrow-NSG] aa’atkya(q) (aa’atkye’ (~ q e ), '“ ini(q), ~qw) postp.distr. in places below. Pep hihin -- ’a. Do it in places a little below .------ miq itam hawto. We were descending down to lower and lower places. — Qdma'wangaqw Kiqdtsmomiq -m iqsa. From Qoma’wa to Kykotsmovi, it’s all descents. — Itam —miqsaya. We’re going only in descents, aa- ’atkya(-q) [RDP-down(-EX)] Cf. sg. atkya(q). aa’atkya(q) postp. below 3P. da-'atkya(-q) [3P-down(-EX)l See atkya(q). aa’atkyami’y jta (-yungw a), vi.i.distr. for there to be descending places. Ongtupqaveq pas --kyangw p u ' muunangwuy aqw pitsiwta. At the Grand Canyon there are descending places before reaching the river, aa-’atkya-mi-’y-ta (RDP-down-DES-POSS-DUR] Cf. non-distr. atkyami’yta. aa’atpi|k(yaqe) ( -p o ( q ), -p a q w ) postp.pl. several places beneath or immediately in front of. Uma paapu sipal’uyit -kya q e enang pastotani. This time you’d better hoe under the peach trees as well. — Hiihiita yaw -'kyaqe kukuytinuma. He went around peering into places underneath all sorts of things. — Wuko'o’wat ang -p a q w qalk i’iwyungwa. There are pack rat nests along beneath the boulders. aa~’a-tpi-k(y-aq-e) [RDP-3P-below/ahead:of-DIF(-EX-DIF)] Cf. Sg. (a)tpik(yaqe). aa’atsvewa n.distr. seats in various places. Uma pfsoqtini; taq pay kiisonve - oyi. You two hurry, as there are chairs in the plaza already (and you need to claim a place), aa-’atsvewa [RDP-seat] Cf. sg. atsvewa. aa’atvela n. slopes; pi. of atvela. aa-’atvela

4

aakwayngyangaqwvi

Hak qatu*a*awnangwu. You should invite him to tuumoyta. The cutworm is eating the man’s bean sit down. — Tunds*a*awnaya. They invited her to plants. — Pep put uuyit aqw - h u t heeva ’a. Look sit down and eat. — Qaavo itam itdamd’wiy for cutworms under that plant there. — Taaqa hoonani; uma ang aqwhaqami naa’a*awnayani. mori’uyiy ep —tuy maqnuma. The man is search­ Tomorrow we will send our new bride home (from ing his bean patch for cutworms. — Pas —tu the wedding ceremony); pass the word along kyaastaqw itam wuuyavotiqw sdosokmuy qoqya. among yourselves. — Nu’ as aya ’ytanikyangw naat There were many worms (in the corn) and it took qa tuu*a*awna. I want to call a work party, but I us a long time to kill them all. — Ima tootopt pi haven’t given out the word yet. — Ikwatsi kur sikwit awye ’ pu ’pay put aw tUtotangwu; pu ’puma solaawamuy sUu*a*awna, n u ’ hdqamniqw. My —tu pdasat nongakye ’ pu ’ put ang.yangwu, sikwit friend apparently told the police right away that 1 anga ’. These flies, when they get on to the meat had disappeared. 2. offer, promise obj. to. Nuy they lay eggs on it, then those maggots come out naat pay pas tsayniqw / ’ itdakwa nuy put sipand are all over it, over the meat. 2. (slang) kweway - . When I was just a little child, this slowpoke. Tiyo —huniiqe oovi qa iits uyyuku. [man], our grandfather, offered me his silver Because the boy is a slowpoke, he didn’t finish concho belt. — Itdataha hakiy engem kiiyat aw planting early. — Pfsoqti’i, - h u . Hurry up, tukwlawniqe pu ’ hiisa ’ ooviniqey - . Our maternal slowpoke, aa-hu [wwm-/w] Syn. 2. uukyawi. uncle offered to build the walls of someone’s house a a k i( k -) (comb, aki-) vi.p.sg. for an ear of corn for a certain amount of money, aa-’aw-na [RDPto come off the stalk. I ’ kur angqw pay —. Appar­ -lell-CAUS] Cf. I. aawinta. ently this ear of corn came off the stalk. daki(-k-) a a ’a w n a m a ( —ya; comb. -*a’awnama) vdt.p. [pick:corn(-SGL-)l Cf. pi. akimti. have been to inform of. Pam kiisonve tuu^a- ^akikna(—ya) vt.p.sg.obj. pick an ear or two of *awnama, yaw Tasavum haqam kawaymuy tacorn off the stalk. Taaqa uuyiy ep suukwhaqam nga’yyungqw. He came back from telling people at samit —. The man picked at least one ear of com the dance arena that the Navajos were holding the in the field. — Pay hu ’uyi sonqe tayva; oovi um horsessomewhere. aa- ’flwnfl-mfl[RDP-inform-POSTG} awnen sukw angqw —t p u ’ siingye’ p u ’ yukiq aa’awna I ta ( —tota) Vt.p.distr. go around (to qopqomiq tu ’tsani. Your corn is probably ripe so several places) to inform. Pay n u’ ang —ta. I have you should go there and then after having picked gone around to inform them, aa-’awna-ta [RDP[an ear] from one [of the plants], if you then husk -inform-DISTR] it, you should roast it here in the stove, daki-k-na aa’awna I to (~w isa; comb, -’a ’awnajto) vt.i. [pickxorn-SGL-CAUS] Cf. pi.obj. a^ki, a ’kita, go to inform. Kur nu’ aw -to ; itampayyani. Let akimna. me go to tell her [that] we will be going. — Pam ^akikpuo^'.s^g. picked, re corn. Pep idoyom samit kivamihaqami tuu*a*awnato. He left to inform the pay - t qaatsi. There are two ears of fresh com others at the kiva. aa-’awna-to [RDP-inform-PREG] already picked lying there, daki-k-pu [pick:corn-SGLaa’awniw | a ( —ya) vi.p. be announced, told. Pay -RSLT] C f . pi. a*kivu, akimvu. itam talwiipikii himu 'yvayaniqat pay pam soosovik aaki I la w u ( —lalwa) vt.i.pi.obj. = a*kilawu. aakitsokinawit —a. It was announced throughout all -ki-lawu [RDP-pick:corn-CONT] the villages that we were going to get electricity. a a k i j t a ( —tota) vt.p.pl.obj. = a^kita. aa-ki-ta aa-’awn-iwa [RDP-inform-PASS] [RDP-pick:corn-DISTR] aa’awta n.distr. different types of bows, aa-’awta ^akitinum I a ( —ya) vt.i.pi.obj. = a ’kitinuma. [RDP-bow] Cf. sg. awta. aa-ki-t-inuma [RDP-pick:corn-DISTR-CIRCG] aa’aya (comb, -’a ’aya) n. rattles; pi. of aaya. aakijto ( —wisa) vt.i.pi.obj. = a’kito. aa-ki-to aa-’aya [RDP-rattle] [RDP-pick:corn-PREG] aa’ii I p(aq) ( - kye’ ( - kyaqe), - po(q), —paqw; Aakoma n.sg. = Aakookavi. [SpAcoma ¥uskatsinan.jg. a kachina. angwus-katsina persuading to one’s side or affections. Pay n u ’ as [crow-kachina] pas d - a . \ was almost getting her persuaded. — angwusmasa n.sg. crow wing feather. AngwusPay kur um a ’ni hongvi; oovi um amu - a. It looks katsina pi - t enang yuwsi’yta. The Crow kachina like you’re very strong, because you’re winning is one that has the crow wing feather as part of his them over. 3, {neg.) be having trouble getting costume, angwus-masa [crow-wing] control over. Saayiy q a d - a . He can’t keep from Angwusnasomtaqan.^g. Crow Mother kachina. smiling. — Put suukw qa d ^ a . He’s having She differs from Angwushahay’i in not having trouble trying to overcome this one [sole opponent] eyes. -- pay tuwat Powamuyve su ’its talavay kiive / He’s having trouble with this one [opponent of Powamuykivat aw pitungwu. At the time of the several]. — Pas kawayom wdupukiwyungqw nu ’ qa Powamuy ceremony, the Crow Mother kachina in a m u ^a . Since the horses are spooked. I’m not her turn arrives at the Powamuy Priest kiva early getting control of them, d-ngwu^’y-numa [3P-prevailin the morning, angwus-na-som-ta-qa [crow-REFL-tie-POSS-CIRCG] -DUR-REL] (a )n g w u ’y |t a (-yungw a) vp./vt.i. (vp. only in Angwusngon I taqa (~yungqam ) n. a runner construction with 3P object) 1. have control, kachina that appears with the Wawarkatsina group. advantage, or influence over, be effective. Wuuwuangwus-ngon-ta-qa [crow-wear:around:neck-DUR-REL] yom oomawuy d -yungwa. The elders have power Angwusngyam n.p/. Crow clan membership. — over the cloud (to make it rain). — Pas hiita Tapngyamuy amumumya. The Crow clan is with d-tangw u. He usually can get control over some­ the Rabbit clan (in a phratry). angwus-ngya-m thing (that others can’t). — Itam antsa hintiqw oovi [crow-Clan:member(PL)-NSGl Cf. sg. Angwuswungya. pumuy 0 0 ’omawtuy pas qa d ‘-yungwa. Why is it AngW USpa (postp. ~ve(q), -m i(q ), -ngaqw ) that we indeed don’t have control over those n.sg. Crow Spring, on the west face of Yongyaclouds? — / ’ nukpanqatsi son pumuy am u-tani. tsayvi, Padilla Mesa, angwus-pa [crow-water] Var. This evil life will not have power over them. — Angwusva. Yep ngahu pas ponotuyat d - ta . The medicine here AngWUSVa {postp. -v efq ), -m i(q ), -'ngaqw) is effective on a stomachache. — Pay nu’ hiita n.sg. = Angwuspa. angwus-va [crow-water] kwangwat tuumoytaniqey aw pas qa naa’a - ta . I can’t resist eating something sweet. 2. have the Angwuswungwa n.sg. Crow clan member. angwus-wungwa [crow-clan: mcmber(SG)l Cf. pi. affection of (a girl). Tiyo suhimuy akw maanat Angwusngyam. d-'ta. The boy has the affections of the girl because of his good looks, d-ngwu- ’y-ta [3P-prevail- (a)ngwu|ta (~ to ta ) vp./vt.p. {vp. only in con­ struction with 3P object) 1. prevail, overcome, -POSS-DUR] (a)ngwu|lawu (-lalwa) vp./vt.i. (vp. only in master, conquer, get the better of, beat, be equal to the task of. Tiyot naayawqw suukyawa mitwat construction with 3P object) keep trying to per­ tatskweknaqe pan put d'^ta. When the two boys suade or convince, trying to win over the affections were fighting, one of them threw the other down of, or to win over to one’s side. Pam kwangwamohard to beat him. — Taaqa paasay ep tuusut ’ay akw pumuy naami d'-lawu. He’s using his smooth talk in winning them to his side. — Nu ’ naaqavo paslawt p u ’ d ^ ta . After weeding day after day in his field, the man overcame the weeds. put lomamanat d'^lawu. I’m working on the 2. persuade, convince, talk into doing. Pam nuy beautiful girl’s affections for me. — Nu’ put d -ta q w oovi nu’ put angqw wiiki. He persuaded inumumniqat d-'lawu. I am making an effort to persuade him to come with me. — Naat nu’ me, that’s why I brought him along with me. — Nu’ pumuy tdataqtuy am u—ta. I talked those men d'-lawu. I’m still persuading [someone]. — Pam into it. — Pam payniqey aw naa’a - t a . He con­ aqw naa’a--lawu. She’s talking herself into going vinced himself to go. — Put haqami heptoniqey aw there. — Puma pep naangwutotaqw pas piw naa ’a —ta. He talked himself into going somewhere am u^ldw qe teevep hingqawlawu. When they got to look for it. — N u’ se ’el kyaanavot naa’a ^ ta , into an argument there, he kept trying needlessly to persuade them (to stop), d-ngwu-lawu [3P-prevail- qatuptuniqe. It was with great difficulty that 1 convinced myself to get up this morning. 3. win -CONT] the affections of. Tiyo sdhimuy akw maanat d ^ ta . angWUS- comb, of angwusi. [crow-] The boy won the a^ections of the girl by his good A n g w u sh a h a y ’i n.sg. a kachina considered a looks. — Pas nu’ umungem aw wuuwantaqe pay tokotswuuti, wildcat woman, because she encour­ kya as itam hin put maanat umungem hin d —totaages the whipper kachinas. She is Tuuwuv^atatoqani. I have been thinking about it for you as to how muy Yu’am, Whipper kachinas’ mother, and differs we might get that girl to give in (to your desires). from Angwusnasomtaqa, the Crow Mother kachina, 4. (neg.) fail to control. Pam pas qa suusa hoomiy in having eyes, angwus-hahay’i [crow-Hahay’i] d ^ ta . He never once controlled his hair (from a n g w u sh o m a sa n.sg. crow wing feather. falling over the front of his face). — Muusiy qa angqw hoohut piw homastoynayangwu. They also d ~ ta . He couldn’t control his erection. — Wdrikiy fletch arrows with crow wing feathers, angwusqa d - ta . He couldn’t stop his momentum running. -homasa [crow-wing:feather] — Pas pdakiwuy qa d —ta. She couldn’t control angWUS I h o y a ( ~h6oyam) n. little crow. Oovaqe her crying. — Pam pas qa naa’a —taqe p u ’ yaw ~hoya puuyawnuma. A little crow is flying around pay pam angqw awi’. He could not help himself, overhead, angwus-hoya [crow-DIM] so he approached it. — Pay yaw puma pas qa angW USi(a’angwust; comb. angwus-)n. 1. raven, naa‘a - t a , Nuvatukya’ominiqe. They couldn’t talk crow. (Technically, this word applies more to “ravens” themselves out of going to Flagstaff, d-ngwu-ta than to “crows,” which are rather less common at Hopi, but [3P-prevaiI-CAUSJ inasmuch as the term “crow,” in nontechnical English, is a cover term for both ravens and crows proper, while “raven" (a)nhaqam postp. somewhat like. Tsukumotsovu’yyungwa, tdotsata —. They have sharp-pointed does not cover crows, the gloss “crow” is used for this beaks somewhat like a hummingbird. — Pay um root.) ~ pi tuwat Hdpiituy natwdnpiyamuy ep pas hintsanqey piw a - hintsanni. What you did to tuwqa ’am. The crow is the archenemy of the Hopis

aniw’iwma

29

anoo

everywhere to the detriment of his rival. A— Only this one small watermelon ipamred. — engem naanawakna. They were wishing for [some­ Sdosokik - t i . The crops matured along all the thing] against him. — A — hintsaki. He’s acting rows. — Taaqat aw -tin i. He will turn into a adversely to her [interests]. — A - wuuwanta. man. — Pay pi as itam atkyaqsa - t i. We were He’s thinking adversely to her. — I n u - pi kur (all) created only down below (in the underworld). um tuwat qatsi’yta. Your way of life has imperiled — Yantote’ sen itam itakw ahoy lomaqatsit naame. — Itam aspangso mo ’wit aw klipokniniqw pay vaasqatsit aw —totini. If we do this perhaps we kur itamu — ep tuu ’awva; noqw pay itam oovi qa can come back to the good and harmonious life. [3P-way-APPR0X] kwangwa’ewtota. We were going to make a sur­ 2. originate, arise, come into existence, Tuuya a n iw ’i w |m a ( - w i s a ) vi.i. be growing to fruition. prise attack on the bride there, but apparently she itsehe’et angqw -tingwu. Sickness originates from Uuyi - makyangwlimu 'yvaqwhakimnoondsangwu. went there to tell on us, so it mmed out we didn’t filth. _ Yanhaqam oovi i ’ Saqtikive yaw pepeq As the (corn) plants are growing to fruition, they have much fiin, — A m u — hintsaki. He s acting - t i . This is approximately the way the Ladder get ears on them and (then) we get to eat. adversely to them. — Amu — qa lomavasiwti. dance is said to have developed there. 3. (vi./vt.) aniw- 'iw-ma [prcxIuce-ST-PROG] Something unpleasant has developed to their get the hang of, succeed in, get it right. a n iw ’i w j t a ( —yungwa) vi.i. 1. be in fruition. detriment. — Puma n a ~ ung peqwhaqami wiiki. tutsayat aw - t i . I succeeded in (getting the skill to Sdosoy himu a ’ni ~ta. Everything is growing in They brought you here to their own peril, a-nkiwamake) a sifter basket. — Nu ’ isikisvey aw yuykuqe fruition. — Sen pay pas aqwhaqami sipala a ’ni -kw [3P-deuimental-ACC] nawis’ewtiqw —ti. When I was fixing the car I ~ta. Perhaps the peaches ate in fruition all finally got it right. — Antsa kur aw - t i . Appar­ (ajnkiwakw I lawu (-la lw a ) vp.i. (ben.) be throughout. 2. be a fulfilled reality, be achieving wronging, be conspiring or plotting against. Puma ently he got the hang of it. 4. (vi., neg.) fail, not fulfillment, come into being. Sdosoy himu kur hin yaw put engem a —lalwa. I hear they are doing work, fall through, fail to materialize. Piw taaqa qa naawakinpit.sa akw aw ~ta. Everything has to things to put her at risk. — Tsukumongwi kivamiq qa aw - t i . Again the man did not succeed at it. be done with prayer in getting fulfilled. Itam timuy amungem a —lawu. The clown chief keeps — Pam as nuy a a ’awnanikyangw qa ~H. He Hopiit wiimit angqw —taniqam. We who are Hopis going to the kiva to conspire against his children should have told me, but failed [to do so]. — Pay will be fulfilled through religion. — Pay itam pan (the other clowns, in order to have them punished n u ’ kur put p u ’ pas son —tini. It looks like 1 can -yungwa. Well, we were created that way. aniwfor their bad behavior). — Noqw pay as antsa um never get the hang of it. — Pay um haktonsa put - ’iw-ta [produce-ST-DUR] qa su ’antaqat pumuy amungem a - iawqw pay n u ’ aw sdosomaqw pay son —tini. You’re wasting aniwil3 ( —ya) vt.p. 1. succeed in creating, bring your time tying that on, for it won t work. Pay qa uumi pi hingqawt pay nu ’ ung nakwhana. I know you are doing wrong things to their peril, about, achieve, attain a goal, accomplish after nu’ as hihintuqaykyangw y u ’a ’atanik(t) qa - t i ­ but without saying anything to you I have permit­ some effort. Nukpana sinmuy amunkiwakw tuuyat ngwu. I know a little, but when 1 go to speak it I ted you. — Sometimes an inflected form of the — The evil-minded person brought about sickness just can’t do it. — Ilengi pas qa -tingwu. My prefix is used even though the inflected prefix is and jeopardy to the detriment of the people. ■ tongue gets twisted (doesn’t work). 5. get intoxi­ also used with the benefaetive -ngem: Imuy timuy Tiyot hiita tunatuytaqepas qa aw aniwni’ymat, p u ' cated. Is uti, pas i ’ naat p u ’ qa hinkyangw kiy amungem am u —lawu. He’s doing things to imperil nawis’ew kur aw The two boys were sponsor­ aqwhaqaminit pay piw kur - t i . My gosh, this one his children, a-nkiwa-kw-lawu I3P-detrimcnial-ACCing a ceremony and after having trouble succeeding just went down to his house sober and here he is -CONT] at it they finally seemed to bring it about. — Hak drunk again, aniw-ti [producc-R] Cf. i. a’aniwa. (a)nkiwakw|ta ( - to ta ) vp.p. endanger, act to hiita aw wuuwante’ ephaqam aw —ngwu. You a n iw tip u n.Jg. !• the product of a practiced hand the peril or detriment of. Mongwi hiita qa lolmat make it true if you think about something some­ at farming, home-grown food, Hdpiituy navotiyapavasiwnaqe timuy amumi a —ta. When the chief times. 2. perfect a skill, master something. Itdakwa muy ep himu - pas nodsiwqa’am. According to conspired to do something bad, he acted to the panis suus kwewyukut pay put - . Our grandfather Hopi tradition, the fruit of their farming art is their peril of his children. — Niikyangw pam piw oovi made a belt only once before he mastered it. staple food. — Naap - qaa ’6 pas himu ’u. Homehiita qa lomahintaqat pumuy amungem a-tangw u. 3. grow, raise (a crop or plant). Pampasve sanut grown com is important. 2. development, direct But also he can cause something evil to befall He raised fresh corn in the field. — Hak consequence, or result of an action. Hisathaqam wuuhakip uuye’wuuhaq hiita —ngwu. If one plants fiiem. — Pumuy a m u -ta . He endangered them. yaw p a ’yawtuya Hoplikiveq pay momngwituy a-nkiwa-kw-ta (3 P-detrimental-ACC-CAUS] in several places one raises much more. 4. con­ pasiwniyamuy dapiy ~ . Long ago, it is said that ceive a child. Okiw n u ’ qa tilawqe oovi n u ’ as the smallpox in Hopi villages was the direct result anlo’yjta ( —yungwa) vi.i. have an ineffecmal tinawaknakyangw n u ’ qa tihut —ngwuniiqe oovi way of doing things. Pam ngasta - t a . He has no of the priestly leaders’ decree. 3. offspring, descenn u ’ okiw umumi naawakna. Since I m not bearing pizazz, anlo- ’y-ta ((?)-POSS-DUR] dent. Pam put angqw —. She descended from her. children, 1 would like to have children but since I (a )n I m a ( —wisa) vp.i. l . go along that way, the aniw-ti-pu [produce-R-RSLT] V ar. aniwpu. can’t conceive a child I’m praying to you (to same way. Itam hiihiita navotit ang a -w isa . We a n k i n.sg. tmlh'iU. A a ’dntuy kii’am ”— ” yan Hopiibecome fertile), aniw-na [produce-CAUS] Cf. i. are going along devotedly to the many different kwa maatsiwa. The dwelling place of the ants is a ’aniwna. oral traditions. — Maatsiltikyangw pay piw a - m a , called dnki in the Hopi language, — Itdavasay a n iw n in .ig . hand-grown crop. Wuutaqa naamahin yaw put mdotiwat hoonawuy ani ’. As it came into suusunasavehaqam —. Right in the middle of our ddwiniikyangw naap —t momuy noonopna. Even view it was coming along the same way as the first field there is an anthill, dn-ki [am-house/hoinel though the old man is slow, with the plants he bear was coming. 2. be getting to be like. Um a n k i’i w |t a ( —yungwa) vi.i. have the anthill raises himself he is feeding his grandchildren. — unay a - m a . You’re getting to be like your father. disease, dnki-’tw-ta [anthill-ST-DUR] V kawayvatnga pas naap i ’- . This watermelon is — Um in u -m a . You’re getting to l?e like me. — my own hand-grown crop. — Pam a ’ni sipalat anki I n a m u ru ( - nanmuru) n. 1. cluster of ant­ Sdosoy nuwu p u ’ aw a -m a q w , meh, itam ang hills. 2. (cap., sg.) a place on 3rd Mesa west of ~ ’yta. He has raised a lot of peaches, aniw-m hinwisa. Everything is gradually coming to be (as Blue Point, dnki-namuru (anthill-ridge] [produce-NR] it said they would be), see, and we re going ■ a n iw n i’y 1m a ( —wisa) vi./vt.i. l . be raising to a n k i| ta (- to t a ) vn.p. make an anthill. A a ’ant qathrough it. 3. go right, properly. Pay aw a - m a ? laphdoyat angqw -totangwu. The ants usually fruition. Pashapipay n u ’kawayvatngat ~ma. I’m Is it going tight? — Pas n u ’ itokilay aqw su ’a - make the anthill from small pebbles of flint. acmally getting the watermelon plants to grow to ma. I’m progressing toward my deadline (the end fruition. 2. be getting plans fulfilled. Tiyot hiita dnki-ta (amhill-CAUS] of my available time) exaetly on time. — Pam tunatuytaqe pas qa aw -m a : nawis’ew kur aw a n k ilt i( - t o t i) vi.p. become afflicted with the ant­ wuuwantaqw pul.sa atsviy himu su ’a - m a . He aniwna. The (two) boys had plans to sponsor a hill disease (a skin disease; it starts inside the skin, thinks that everything is going right because of dance [but] they weren’t getting it to go off; finally then pierces it and radiates out). Pam kur okiw him. a-n-ma [3P-way-PR0G] it appears they made it go. aniw-ni-’y-ma (produce- t i. The poor fellow seems to have come down anmu’i n.sg. ant bite. Tapkiqw yaw — pas a ni -NR-POSS-PROG] with the anthill disease, dnki-ti (anthill-Rl tuutuyngwu. They say that when it is evening, the a n iw p u adj. = aniwtipu. aniw-pu [produce-RSLT] a n k i|t s o m o ( —tsotsmo) «. hill full of anthills. ant bite hurts more (than during the day), an-mu’-i a n i w l t i (distr. - to ll) vi./vt.p.sg.=pl. 1. (vi.) Haqe ’ wukotsmot ang aa ’ant ki ’yyungqw put Hopiit [am-sting-NR] mature, develop, grow, come about. Yokvaqw p u ’ “—tsomo, ” kitotangwu. When the ants have their annga n.sg. medicine used for antbite. Put - t uuyi - t i . When it rained the plants developed. — (several) hills on a large hill, the Hopis speak of dnkite’ aw ngahutangwu. If you get anthill disease Sipala qa - ti: sdosoy tuusungwti. The peaches it as an “anthill hill.” dnki-tsomo (anthill-hiUl you put annga on it as treatment, an-nga [ant-medi­ didn’t develop; they all froze. — Itda’uyi a ’ni - t i. (a)nkiw akw (refl. nankiwakw) pos/p. detrimental cine] Our plants bore lot. — Pas i ’ suukya kawayvatnga to, against, adversely. Taaqa tsuu’ay a — lavayit anoo interj. said to a melon before cutting it open hlisay - t i . This one watermelon mamred small / sdosovik pdotangwna. 'The man spread words him, do about the same to him again. — Pay um a ~ tawma. You’re singing about like him. — Pam koongyay a ~ a ’nipasva. She’s industrious in the field, something like her husband. — Pay n u ’piw « — hintiqe oovi qa iitsi. I did it about like you, that’s why I’m late. — Pas yaw su ’u - lomamana. She was pretty just about like you. a-n-haqam

anoska’i

30

(a)ntsaktinuma

to insure it is ripe. “ ~ ” aqw kltangwu. He says• me. — Pam hiita hingqawt qa h-tingw u. When I B: — ’a. A: I want to ask you something. B: Yes, “an6o” to it. he says something he doesn’t do it that way (him­ indeed. — Is ohi, antsda*. It’s too bad, truly. anoska’i (comb, anoska’-) n.sg. the practice of self). — Pay yaw paasat na’at piw ahoy d~ ti. antsa’y|m a ( —wisa) vt.i. go along taking seripouring water on someone: (a) as a disciplinary Then his father did it again as before. — Itam■ ously, earnestly. Nu ’ it hiita pu ’ hdyphaqam qa pas treatment for enuresis; (b) as a traditional cure, naatutuwiktinumyaqw nu ’mdoti ’y maqatqasu’d - ti'-m a. Not long ago I wasn’t taking something like performed by a member of the Piikyas clan. Hak ngwu. As we played follow the leader, I usually this seriously, antsa-’y-ma [really-POSS-PROGl iapay aw sisiwkukqw pay pu ’ qa anoska ’lotangwuwouldn’t imitate the leader exactly. — Nu' hin niqw oovi — s o ’tiwta. When one urinates in his uumi tutaptaqw um itutavoy su ’a'-tini. However I antsa’y Ita ( —yungwa) vt.i. take seriously, have faith or an interest in. Hak hiita qa —taqw pam bedding now, the (traditional) practice of anoska’i instruct you, follow my instruction precisely. — pay hakiy qa mongvastapnangwu. If you don’t is no longer carried out, therefore anoska’i has Pu ’puma tsutskut naat pu ’ dfdiqe hin kiy yukuyaqw earnestly do something it will not benefit you. — come to an end. pam pay piw pumuy hisathaqam pdntotiqw amU - anoska’ | lawn ( —lalwa) vt.i. be doing the prac­ tingwu. Then when the clowns first arrive and Put wiimit pas ^yungwa. They are faithful in that religious ritual, antsa- ’y-ta [really-POSS-DUR] tice of ritually pouring water on obj. as a cure for establish their “house,” they do it like they (their enuresis. Pam yaw kur dapay aw sisiwkukngwuniqw ancestors) did it long ago. 2. do correctly, do it antsaatsan | a ( —ya) vp.des.i. be making it right. Nu’pay isikisvey ang aw —a. I’m fixing up things right; {neg.) do it wrong, make a mistake. Taaqa oove pep put ~lawu. They say he wets his bed, around my car. a-n-tsda-tsana [3P-way-RDP-dol Cf. that’s why they are ritually pouring water on him paasay qa tatamtaqe pam Hopit navotiyat ep tutavot d —ti. Since the man did not abandon his p. antsana. to cure him of it. anoska’-lawu [pour:water-CONT] anoska’ | ta (—tota) vt.p. pour water on obj. as a field, he followed the teachings of Hopi tradition antsaatsanti [ ma ( —wisa) vi. i. go along making it right. Nu’ amungem aw —ma. I am correcting correctly. — Ya um d ^ ti? Did you do it right? — disciplinary measure for bedwetting, take obj. to their mistakes / doing what they did not finish. Nu’ hiita d - t e ’ hdaldytingwu. When I do some­ undergo the traditional treatment for enuresis. a-n-tsda-tsdn-t~ima [3P-way-RDP-do-DISTR-PROGJ thing right, I get happy. — Pam tutavoyamuy When a child regularly wets the bed, he is taken h -'ti. He correctly followed their advice. — Pam antsaatsantinum | a ( —ya) vi. i. go around to a member of the Piikyas or Water clan; there, making it right. Kiildwqe panaptsayat ang aw —a. water is poured on him to cure this problem. Nu ’ su ’d '-ti, nay aa 'awnaqe piivayat uu ’uyqey. He did the right thing to tell his father that he stole his When he was building a house he went around itiy se ’el - ta ; pam dapay aw sisiwkukqw oovi. I tobacco. — Soowu pi nuvayoyokqw tumala’yta; kiy fixing up its windows, a-n-tsda-tsdn-t-inuma took my child to get the water treatment this [3P-way-RDP-do-DISTR-ClRCG] ep qate’ su ’h - t i . It’s futile to work when it’s morning because he wet his bed. anoska’-la [pour: water-CAUS] -tsak-) 1. be snowing; stay at home (and) do the right thing. — (a)n|tsaki(~tsatskya; (a)nsa postp. only in that manner, always in the Hakiy tuunawakniyat stk’d^toH. They did exactly doing it like. N u’ as put a —tsakt pay odnati. I right by someone’s desires. — Is Use, nu’ qa was doing it like her, then I got lazy. — Um qa same way, in the usual manner; constant, consis­ d ~ ti. Darn it, I made a mistake. — Nu’ itihuy aw pumuy am u—tsakni; puma pay qa nukwangwhintently. a-n-sa [3P-way-onIy] See (a)n. (a)n|ta (-y u n g w a) vp.i. 1, be like, similar to, yuku; ura nu' qa d-tikyangw put aw wiluku. I tsatskya. Don’t do things like they are doing; they’re not doing nice things. — Um pay qa fixed my kachina doll; remember, I accidentally the same as. Nu' itanay su 'u'-ta. I’m just like our in u —tsakni. Don’t be doing it like me. — Pam stepped on it. — Hak hapi ephaqam wiimiy aw qa father. — S a ’lakot a —taqat taywa’yta. It has a a —te ’ pu ’ pay hak tos 'iniysa kivami yawmangwu. kya pi kwikwilyaqaniiqe oovi Uamu-tsaki. I guess face similar to the Shalako kachina. — Odnaqe he’s like a Kwikwilyaqa kachina because he’s Sometimes if you don’t do a ceremony correctly, oovi naatuho’ytaqat a ~ ta . Since he’s lazy, he’s imitating us. — N u’ pay u —tsaki, pay hingsaq then you’ll take a tray of toosi to the kiva. — Nuy acting like one who is suffering pain. — Puma qa su’d -tiq w um inungem aw antsanni. If I don’t kuy’o ’oya. I’m doing like you, bringing in small su'inu-yungw a. They’re just like me. — Puma amounts of water. — A: Ya um hintsaki? B: Piw do it right, please make it right for me. 3. {sg.) inu -yungqam qa hiita tuwi ’yvayangwuqam. Those fill the whole/shape of, cover the entire space. Pas pay kya n u ’ um u -tsa ki. A: What are you doing? who are like me can’t learn anything. — Pay hak B: I guess I’m imitating you again (without mean­ uusavahaqam piw u -ta q a t hddmi’yta. He was yaw puma pangqw put thupelat paas h - t i . I hear ing to). 2, (met., 3P) be doing it right, properly, they stood the whole length of that wall along there about your height and had hair like yours. — Itam (they were in a line as long as that wall extends). in accord with some ideal standard. Um soq qa itu­ s u ’u-yungw a. We’re just like you. — M ati tavoy a —tsaki. You are not following my instruc­ — Puma wuuhaqyaqe pas kivat d ^ ti. Because they su ’ita m u -ta , tokotsi. Our child is just like us, were so many they covered every space in the kiva tion. — A: Uti, um piw qa hiihiko. B: Ow(, pas hot-tempered. — Sti’itamu'-yungwa; dyevituy (filled every nook and cranny). — Katsinam n u ’ kur hiihikwqe pas n u ’ kur qa a -tsa ki. a -yungwa. They are just like us, like the dissent­ kiisonvit a —ti. The kachinas took up all the space A: Gosh, I don’t believe you’re not drinking. ers. — Pay Piptuqam piw tsutskutuy sii’aB: Yes, it seems when I was drinking I was doing around the plaza. 4. {des.) happen as planned, get mu--yungwa. The Piptuqam are just like the done according to schedule, succeed. Matokilay wrong. — Pay itam qa hiita pas qa a —tsatskya. clowns (in character and behavior). 2. be correct, kur qa aw d —tini. It looks like our set date won’t There’s nothing that we’re really doing wrong. — proper, fair, just; (neg.) be wrong, incorrect, happen as planned. — Himu yaw naaloste’ aw Um su ’a -tsa k i. You’re doing the right thing. — improper. / ' nuyniqw pu ’ a '-ta . In my opinion this Umput qa sd ’a —tsaki. You are not doing it in the d ~ tingwu. When something is done four times, is correct. — Pay s u ’a - t a . It’s just right. — Ya then it is correctly fulfilled. — Puma hin tunatyay right way / You’re not doing the right thing. qa su'a-'taqati? Didn’t it become just the right a-n-tsaki [3P-way-bc:doing] aw a -to ti. Somehow they realized their plan. — color? — Ayangqaqw itdatsakoqatsiy angqaqw ima Pay nu’ son aw O'-tini; qaavo as ura pam it antsak Ima ( -^ .wisa) vp.i. l , go along following itangum itamuy sdosok hiita qa a —yungqat aawiti' kwistoni. I won’t get it done as planned; he was a set standard, doing the right thing. Tutavot ang wisngwu. From way back in our childhood our going to pick it up (doll) tomorrow. — Nu’ qa a - m a . He lives (goes along through life) follow­ mothers tell us about all things that are not right. a ’saqala; niiqe oovi n u ’ qa aw d '-ti. I am so ing instructions. 2. = (a)ntsaktima. a-n-tsak-ma — Himu qa a —ta. Something is wrong. — Pam I3P-way-bc:doing-PROGl busy, that’s why I couldn’t get around to doing it. qa sd'a-'ta, hakiy aw sivatungla’ytaniqw. It’s — Pay sdosoy himu nawinit aw su ’d - t i. Every­ (a)ntsakti I ma ( —wisa) vp.i. go along doing it wrong to ask someone for money. — Pam pay thing went just according to plan. 5. (with -niqey) like. Um hintiqw oovi pumuy a m u -m a ? Why are mongwit makiwa’at; hisat hiita qa a - t e ’ nawus come to feel like doing. Nu’ pay qe’tiniqey d —ti. you going along doing what they are doing? — sivilawni. That’s the responsibility of the leader; if I felt like quitting. — Pam itamumi yeetaqw itam P u’sa um naatuhota; naapipiw pay in u —ma. It’s he makes a mistake in something, he will have to your own fault you hurt yourself; you shouldn’t be paying for it — aw (or ep) qa O'-taqa, injus­ put hinwat tuuhototaniqey d-'toti. When he let us down, we felt like hurting him in some way. d-n-ti have gone along doing what I was doing. — N u’ tice, wrong. 3. (with -niqey) feel like doing. V pas (3P-way-Rl Cf. qa’anti, commit a wrong. hin maasanmaqw pam inungk in u -m a . When I qa hin puwniqey a ^ ta . She doesn’t even feel like went along motioning with my hands, he came “’' ’ay) adv. truly, sleeping. — Nu’ tiimaytoniqey a - ta . I feel like ‘d n ts d (paus. ants4a’t behind doing it like me. — Um himu naanap hin verily, really, indeed, in fact, actually. Ya pam pas going to see a dance. — N u’ piw qa hin nosniqey — pdngqawu. Did he really say that? — P u’yaw hiita hintsaktimangwu; piw pay i ’ u - m a . You’re a - t a . I don’t feel like eating again, a-n-ta (3P.way-DURl such a one to go along doing things carelessly; piw ~ pitu, pas mihikqw. And then he indeed (a)n|ti (—toti) vp.p. 1. do it that way, like that, came again, very late at night. — Pay pi um now this one is doing it like you. — Itupko u m u —ma. My younger sibling is going along naawaknaqw — n u ’ ung tatawkosnani. If you do it the same way as. Kwikwilyaqa wuutit tututswant, indeed I will teach you the song. — Ya pay doing what you’re doing, a-n-tsak-t-ima l3P-way-be: kyaynaqe pam hintiqw put When [the ka­ doing-REP-PROG] hak mookye’pas sen — piw qdtungwu? If one dies china] Kwikwilyaqa is mocking a woman, he can one really live again? — Pay itam pas '(a)ntsaktinum| a (—ya) vt.i. go around doing it imitates anything she does. — Ason nuy hintiqw like. Kway uuyiy mdakwantaqw aw taytatpu’ ang sdosoyam kyahaknanawakna. Actually, we all want uma inU-totini. When I do something, do it like to be rich. — A: N u’ ung hiita tuuvingtani. a —a. Watching his grandfather aspersing dung

antsamur

31

solution on his plants (to protect against rodents), on carrying out all of his plans, a-n-tsdn-t-ima [3P-way-do-DISTR-PROGl he then went around doing it like him. — Pam nuy tututskyaynaqe oovi inu—a. She’s mimicking me, (a)ntsantiiium|a(--ya) vpt.i.pi.obj. (with ang so she’s going around doing it (things) like me. aw) go around fixing, making obj. right (do it like a-n-tsak-t-inuma l3P-way-bc:doing-REP-CIRCGl pro.). Qa suup pdva’dutsipasve kurpdatsiqw n u ’ antsamur pi inter]. maybe so, but...; a phrase ang aw a —a. Apparently more than one detaining dike has burst open and I’m going around fixing that indicates the speaker doesn’t challenge a con­ them, a-n-tsdn-t-inuma [3P-way-do-DISTR-CIRCG] tention issued against him or his “side”, but which precedes the speaker’s even more negative assertion antsa | ta ( — tota) vi.p. give it all one’s effort. Pu ’ regarding his accuser. A: Aydm uukwatsi pas pay haqdapiy pu ’pay pas - ta . Then eventually he n u ’anhimu’u. B: H aa’oo? - — Uukwatsi pas tis gave it all his effort, antsa-ta [really-CAUS] nukpana. A: Your friend over there is a no ac­ antsawato^v. truly, really, sincerely. —paniwti. count. B: Oh yeah? On the other hand, your That happened in a real way. — Pas — n u ’ qa friend is even a wrongdoer. hdaldyti. I became saddened in a sincere way. — (a)n|t$ana ( —tsatsna; comb. —tsan-) vpt.p. Pas — put mandwyat aw unangwa ’yyungwa. They 1. do it to obj. the way it was done to pro. Pam sincerely loved that little girl, antsa-wa-t [really-SPEC-ACC] itamuy pumuywatuy am u-tsana. He did to us what he did to the others. — Pay piw muungyaw (-’) a n u - , - ’a n u (-’a’ant, acc. -’a’intuy: paus. kur ung pas inu—tsana. It looks like the porcupine pi. -’a’^ntu) n. comb, o f aanu. [-ant] did to you what it did to me (it ate all the water­ A n u * o |v i {postp. —ve(q), —mi(q), —ngaqw) melons). — Muuna pay kur ung qa pas itan.sg. a ridge full of anthills on Second Mesa. — m u—tsana? Didn’t the runoff water do to you miq Wuwtsimt hokinapnay oyawisngwu. The Wuw(ruin your crops) as much as it did to us? — tsim members go to deposit their hokinapna at Wisoko pay piw pas nuy u —tsana; iqa’dy hodqo. Anu’ovi. anu-’o-vi [am-up-NR] The turkey buzzard did to me the same as it did to a n u w y a (a’anhboyam) n. little ant. — pay naap you; it harvested my corn (ate a lot of it). — Huuhimuwa aanuniikyangwpay naathiisayhoyaningwu. kyangw pay piw nuy um u-tsana. The wind did to An anuwya may be any one of different [kinds of] me the same as it did to you. 2. {des.) set right, ants except that it will still be small. — tjupa fix, make correct. Yanhaqamyawpam it tuunawakwaynuma. The little ant is crawling on you. anuniy aw a —tsana. I hear this was the way he set it -wya [ant-DlM] right by his desires. — Um oovi pewniqw n u ’ (a)nva (-ya) vp.p. arrive like, arrive in the same uuhdmiy ahoy aw a-tsanni. So if you come here condition as. Pam yep mdoti hinkyangw pituqw pay I’ll fix up your hair right. — Pdasatpu’ Powamuum piw put fl - . He came here first like that, now yat Osomuyat Kwiyamuyat dapiy ruupakqw p u ’ you have come like that. — Pumuy am u -ya; uyismiq hdykydltiqw pep pu ’ put suukw muuyawuy ngasta tootsi’yvaya. They came like they (others) akw piw ahoy aw a-tsatsnangwu. Then when the did, without shoes. — Kur um in u -; wukonapmonths of Powamuya, Osomuya, and Kwiyamuya na ’yva, naat qa iyoho ’tniqw. Looks like you came have gone by and it gets close to planting time, at the same as I did; you came with a coat when it’s that time then they again correct it (the divergence not cold yet. — Pay uma piw kur itam u-ya; between solar and lunar observation) with that one month (the intercalary month). 3. {des.) carry out paanaqso’iwvaya. I see you came just like us, thirsty. — Ita m u -y a ; tsongmokiwvaya. We came a plan, realize one’s intention. Pay yaw tunatyay like you did, hungry. — Nu’pay u m u -; qa hiita qa aw a —tsana. He said he didn’t realize his plan. nitkya’yva. I came like you did, without any a-n-tsana [3P-way-dol Cf. i. antsaatsana; pi.obj. journey food, a-n-va [3P-way-INGR] (a)nts^nta. (a)ntsaniw| a ( —ya) vp.p. 1. undergo the same (a)nvewat or anve adv. according to traditional custom and proper practice: dutifully, seriously, treatment as. A: Ya um hin put ep sisvi? B: Pas and faithfully. (Often refers to actions or activities nuy a ’ni sisvina. A: Pay kur um piw in u -a . done as practice for an event.) (Only with third A: How much did you pay for that? B: He person prefixes; the truncated form, anve, is charged me too much. A: It seems you underwent invariant.) Ya um pas a - u y’aya’yta? Are you the same treatment as I did. 2. {des.) have been having a real planting party (done in the traditional fixed, corrected. Pay itdakiy aw a —a. Our house manner)? — Pay son haq kya qa aqw a — pitsihas been fixed. 3. {des.) have come to be realizal. ni'yyungwa. They probably have reached the Kwakwhdy, aw a - a . Thank goodness it has come traditionally designated point in their observance. to completion / Thank goodness it has been fixed — Itam p u ’ pas a - tawwisni. We’ll sing along in right, a-n-tsan-iwa [3P-way-do-PASSl this time. — Peetu himusinom p u ’ pas (a)ntsan|ta(—tota) vpt.p.pl.obj. l. do it to obj. seriousness Pahanmuy amu — yeese. Now some Indians live in the way it was done to pro. Pay itamuy put taaqat the manner that Anglos do. — Itam p u ’ pas a —ta. He did to us as he did to that man. — Pam Hdpiituy anve pasve tumala ’yta. We now (today) mimuy pay sonqe piw um u-tani. He will probably worked in the field as though we were really Hopis to do them as he has done to you all. 2. (with ang doing it (in a serious manner). — Tootim makmuaw) set right, fix, correct. N u’ ang aw a —ta. I rikhoy akw hin taavot wungvayaniqey pan anve fixed them up along there, a-n-tsdn-ta [3P-way-do* tutupya. The boys are throwing their hunting sticks -DISTR] Cf. sg.obj. (a)ntsana. (in practice) as if they were really going to hit a (a)ntsanti|ma( —wisa) vpt.i.pl.obj. 1. go along rabbit like that, a-n-vewat l3P-way-in:the:mannerl Cf. doing it to obj. the way it was done to pro. Pay emphatic aa’anvewat, aa’anve. n u ’ hin pumuywatuy itumal’aymuy hintsdntimaqe anwat adv. in the just-designated or prescribed pay umuy piw amu —mani. The way I have been manner, on the just-designated side; -ways, -wise. treating my other employees, 1 will be treating you Talviyat - um tdvini. Put it down on its smooth (all) the same way. 2. (with ang aw) go along side. — Put pep tavuput nSmokna 'a, wuupat anfixing, making right. Nu’ i ’uutsiy ang a w a -m a . wdat. Fold that quilt there lengthwise. — Oova I’m going along my fences righting them. 3. {des.) hiisa’ malatstuwaniningwu, wuupat —n itp u ’ tsaago along carrying out one’s plans. Pam pay hisatvat? How many finger measures is the wedding ngahaqaqw sdosok hiita tunatyay aw a —ma. From robe lengthwise and widthwise? — Pay yaw pam a long time ago he has been going along working mdoti qdtdy — aqw pdkiiqe pu ’ yaw pam pangsoq

api’iwta naatsurtoyna. He went in with his head side first and then he was squeezing himself in. — Paapu um sii’— aw tsdkyani. You’d better put it back up the right way this time, a-n-wa-t [3P-way-SPEC-ACCl a p a - comb, of ^ p a . [bedding-1 a p a h a h a inter]. — yappabahi. a p a |in o k i(-m o m o k i; comb. -m ok -)n . bedroll. Hopi —mokit tutskwava dapatanik(t) paysoq put muumangwu. When a Hopi makes the bedroll into a bed on the floor, he needs only to unroll it. apa-moki [bedding-bundlel a p a m o k y ^ a |ta ( —tota) vn.p. make bedding into a bundle. Itam naakiqdtotaniqw oovi n u ’pay — ta . We are going to move, so I’ve already made a bundle of our bedding. — Kivdape puwqe p u ’ - t a t kiy aw iikwiwta. After having slept in the kiva, he rolled up his bedding and carried it on his back to his house, apa-mokyda-ta [bedding-put:in: bundle-CAUS] a p a m o k y a jla w u (-la lw a ) vn.i. be making bedding into a bundle. Pam ~lawu, yaw puma pasmiq tok.wisniniqo. She’smaking the bedroll into a bundle because they were going overnight to the field, apa-mokya-lawu [bedding-put:in:bundle-CONT| a p a p - comb, of aapavi. (inner:room-) a p a p h o tsiw a n.sg. interior doorway. Pep ~ t aqlap qaatsi. It is lying next to the interior door­ way. — HopUdhut ep ~ hisat pay qa u ’utspi’ytangwu. Hopi houses long ago usually did not have doors hung in the interior doorways, apap-hotsiwa [inner:room-opening] Var. ^apaphotsiwa. a p a q to n.sg. 1. matted hair, wooly hair. Naat kur pu ’ taatayqe ~ 'ykyangw itamumi yama. It seems that he just woke up so he came out to us with his hair all matted. 2. person or being with matted or wooly hair. Um ~ . You wooly-head. (an epithet) dpa-qtd [bedding-head] a p a tso v a ln i n.sg. bedding stored away. — pay hakimuy kiiyamuy ep dapaveq dyingwu. The bed­ ding is rolled up and kept in the back room of the house, apa-tsoval-n-i [bedding-gather-CAUS-NR] ap a v u su k in p in .sg . drum made of rolled canvas or sheepskin, - t awpusukinta. He’s beating on a rolled canvas drum, apa-vusukinpi [bedding-drum] Cf. contr. hapa. a p i(a ’pit) adj./n. 1. industrious, useful (one), good for. Pahanvastapi Hdpiituy amungem pasva a ’ni —. The Anglo weed cutter is very useful to the Hopi in the field. — Um panis tunas’- . All you're useful for is to eat. — Um himu ngasta ~ . You are so useless. — Pam yaw pay pas put.sa —, totolosniqey. They say he’s good only for that, to play totolospi. 2. (neg., with hiita) useless, good-for-nothing. Nana’dnt pay sutsep qa hiita a'pitningwu. The lazy ones are always useless in industry. a p i’iw j m a (-w isa ) vi.i. go along being useful. Qa hiita qa - m a . There’s nothing that he’s not being useful at (going along). — Ima hiita ang -wisqam naat pay yeese. Those who are doing useful things in important ceremonies are still living, api-’iw-ma [useful-ST-PROG] a p i’ixvnum | a ( - y a ) vi.i. go around being useful. Pam yang sinmuy amungem hiihlita - a . He’s going around here being useful in all kinds of things for people, api-’iw-numa [useful-ST-CIRCG] a p i’iw j ta ( —yungwa) vt.i. be occupying oneself with, be involved in an activity. Pay yaw pas put.sa —ta. He was occupying himself only with that. — Nu’ hiihiita - ta . I’m involving myself in all kinds of things. — Puma piw dapiy tapkimi pay put.sa pahotmalay -yungw a. From that time on toward the end of the day they were occupied with their paaAo-making. — Pay hisat Orayve hakim

api’iwtanisay yephaqam n a \d ’'•'yungngwu. About this time (of the year) in Oraibi we used to occupy ourselves playing card games, api-’iw-ta [usefuI-ST-DUR] api’iwtani Isay (dl. -sayom , pi. -sasayom ; acc. —sakw, dl. -'sakwmuy, pi. '-sasakwmuy) adj. getting to be old enough to be useful. Itdatiyo pay p u ’ pasva —say. Our boy is getting old enough to be useful in the field now. api~’iw-ta-ni-sa-y [useful-ST-DUR-FUT-QNT-NOM] api’iwtanisay Iti (~ to ti) vi.p. become old enough to be useful. Itiyo pay htita -tikyangw pas himu nd'dna. My boy has become old enough to be useful at things, but he’s a lazy one. api-’iw-ta-ni-sa-y-ti [useftil-ST-DUR-FUT-QNT-NOM-R] apilviki n.sg. = asUviki. apil-viki U?)-piki] apisasa Iyom (acc. —kwmuy) old enough to be useful; pi. of apisay. api-sa-sa-yo-m [useful-RDP-QNT-NOM-NSG]

apisasayomti vi.p.anim.pl.

become old enough to be useful, productive. Totimhdoyam - g w pay pumuy pasva hiita ayalalwangwu. When little boys reach the age of usefulness, they are regularly directed to the fields to do things. — Ima tsaatsayarn -kyangw ngasta a ’p iit. These kids are of age to be useful but they are not being useful, api-sa-yo-m-ti luseful-QNT-NOM-NSG-R] Cf. sg. apisayti, dl. apisayomti. apijsay {dl. -say o m , pi. --sasayom; acc. — sakWfdl. —sakwmuy, p/. ~sasakwmuy) old enough to be useful. Aydm hak - s a y tiyo qatu; put urn ayatani. There’s a boy old enough to be useful sitting there; ask him to do it. api-sa-y [usefuI-QNT-NOM]

apisay’iw Ima

(~w isa) vi.i. be getting old enough to be useful. Itaamdnti pay - m a , oovipay son pas hisat pay matamiq pdkini. Our daughter is getting old enough to be useful, so it won’t be long before she gets behind the metate. api-sa-y- 'iw-ma [useftil-QNT-NOM-ST-PROG] apisayomti vi.p.dl. become old enough to be useful, productive. Itdatahay tiyotimat - q w p u ’ pam pumuy kiitsakwdntumalat tutuwna. When our maternal uncle’s (two) boys got old enough to be useful, he (began) showing them how to plaster a house, api-sa-yo-m-ti luseful-QNT-NOM-NSG-Rl Cf. sg. apisayti, pi. apisasayomti. a p is a y ti vi.p.sg. become old enough to be useful, productive. Pay um —. Well, you got to be old enough to be useful, api-sa-y-ti [useful-QNT-NOM-RJ Cf. dl. apisayomti, pi. apisasayomti. a p i j t i ( —toti) vi.Ivt.p. 1. do one’s part, become useful in doing the job. Pas nu' se ’el a ’ni - t i. I really worked hard to do my part this morning. — N u’ tuuhikyaniqey aw - t i. I became useful at being a healer. — Nu’ tuhik’- t i . I became useful in doing healing. — N u’ put amum - t i . I did useful work with him. — Pay naamahin iwunasivu sdosoy puydmiikyangw pay naat son hiita qa aw -tin i. Even though my pasteboard boxes have all come apart, they will still be useful for something. — Mandwya kiy ep hin’ur tumala’y taqe pan - ti. The little girl worked hard at home, and in that way made herself useful. — Wuuyavo tuyqatst pu' qalaptuqe pay ahoy —ti. After having lain for so long in illness, he became useful again when he recovered. 2. (with ~sa) do nothing but. Paspdakiwuysa - t i . He did nothing but cry. api-ti [useful-R] apitoyna (~ y a ) vt.p. put to use. N u’ itanguy aw kiikinumtoqw pam nuy hiihiita hin ’ur \ went to visit my mother and she sure made me useful. — Qa pas lomavoydoya 'ykyangw lohavu ’ipwantotaqw pay a ’ni —. Even though he didn’t have a good pocketknife, he put it to good use when they were castrating animals, api-to-yna luseful-CAUS-CAUSl apitoyni’y | ta( ~yungwa) vt.i. 1. haveobj. being

32 put to use. Pas nu’ naaqavo ikareetay —ta. I’m putting my wagon to use daily. 2. {reft.) be making oneself useful. Um p u ’ yep n a a -ta . Meh, Um itamum siingyanta. You are making yourself useful. Look, you are husking with us. — Nu’ tuuhikyani­ qey aw n a a -ta . I’m making myself useful as a medicine man. api-to-yn-i-’y-ta [useful-CAUS-CAUS-NR-POSS-DUR] apiwya (a’apiwyam) n. person who is useful, industrious. Maana naat tsayniikyangw pay hin’ur - . The girl is very industrious though she is still young, api-wya [usefuI-DIM] Ap6oni|vi (acc. —viy; postp. —veq, —vaqe, ~m iq, -~ngaqw) n.sg. 1. a sandstone crest at the southwestemmost tip of Third Mesa, also known as Oraibi Butte. Mamrawt hisat - m iq hom’oywisngwu. The Maraw members used to go to deposit sacred cornmeal at Apoonivi. 2. a mamalakpi (cat’s cradle) figure, apooni-vi [(?)-NR] (a)pqol| 'p e (~ p a (q e ), ~mi(q), -ngaqw)po«/>. (archaic) 1. inside. Pam put a - p e neeventa. She was picking greens in the midst of its patch. — Wuutit a - p e aniwti. It developed inside the wom­ an. — Inu - p e pas himu qa tdmakiwta. Something inside of me is not well. — UpqSlpe tuukyaynit horokna. He (the shaman) took out the object inside you that had malignant power. — Pay itam u -m i hapi piw taykyangwniiqe pay itamuy maatsi’yta. Since he’s looking at our inner selves as well, he has an understanding of us. — Um put a-n g a q w ipwani. Take them out from inside it. 2. (withp/.) among. Umu—pa huukyangw motsikvut datsavala. The wind scattered the trash among you. a-p-qdl-pe [3P-(?)-expanse(?)-PCTl Syn. (aa)sonve(q). aptava(qe) postp. (archaic) above, on top of. um peqw tatsit muumani. Roll it here, up on top. — Taaqa qa suus taavot aw murikhoy tuuvat qa wungvaqe p u ’ pas mavastaqepu’ - q e tuuva. The man, after throwing his stick several times at the rabbit and not hitting it, took careful aim and threw it just above it. a-pta-va(-q-e) [3P-(?)-DIF(-EX-DIF)J Syn. oova(qe). (a)pts- comb, of (a)ptu. a-pts- [3P-arrive(SG)-J (a)ptsilti vp.p.sg. (YS) = (a)ptu. a-pts-il-ti [3P•arrive(SG)-ST-R] (a)ptsina ( —ya; comb, (a)ptsin-) vpt.p. 1. get, make enough of obj. for pro. Niiqe pu ’ yaw puma soosok hiita yuwsit put engem a -y a . So they got enough of all kinds of clothing for her. — Nu’ sdosok hiita naa ’a —.1 got everything I needed. — Itangu aw wukonovataqe soosokmuy itam u -. When our mother cooked a meal, she made enough for all of us. 2. provide pro. with obj. Paas puma put a - y a , m d’wiy. They thoroughly outfitted her, their in-marrying bride. — Nu’ sukw aw tihut qa a - . For one person I did not get the doll done. — Uma amu —yani. Give everyone a share (of gift food). — Ya pay uma sdosokmuy amu—ya? Did you have enough for everyone? — Katsina tUupevuy qa in u -. The kachina didn’t have enough baked sweet corn left for me. — Naat um qa itam u -. You don’t have enough for all of us yet. — Ya tuupevut q a u - ? Did he have enough baked sweet corn left for you? — Ngaspi yooyoyangwt um u—ya. How fortunate for you that the rains have been good to you. 3. (withpostp.) get enough to pay, pay for. Nawis’ew inumi a —. Eventually he got enough to pay me. — Taaqa kawayot td ’iiqe tsorposndaqay akw aw a —. When the man bought a horse, he used his turquoise earrings to pay for it. — Pam wuuwanta, hin pam put aw a-niqey. He’s worrying about how he’ll pay for it. — Pam sikisvet tu ’iniqey aw a - . He made enough (money) to pay for the car he’s going to |

(a)ptsiwma buy. — Pam put paas ang a —. He paid for all completely. 4. {refl.) find a partner for a spouse. Kwakwhdy um naa’a —; pan itam ungem naanawakna. It’s gratifying that you have found an eligible prospective spouse for yourself; that’s what we were hoping for you. — Askwal pi um naa*a—qw oovi itam kur yephaqam utsviy noonosa. It’s good that you found a spouse; on your account we’ve enjoyed the food (at the wedding feast). a-pts-ina I3P-arrive(SG)-CAUS] (a)ptsini’y Ima (-w is a ) vp.i. l. be getting enough for. Haqawat sinom okiw hiita noosiwqat qa naa’a —wisa. Some poor people are not getting enough food for themselves to get by on. 2. be providing with. Uma am u-wisni. Don’t leave anyone out in giving presents. — Timuy yuwsit amu—ma. He went along (through time) providing his children with clothes. 3. (with postp.) be paying for. N u’ isiviwuy ang qa a - m a . I’m behind on paying my bills, a-pts-in-i-’y-ma [3P-arrive(SG)-CAUS-NR-POSS-PROG] (a)ptsini’y |ta(~yungwa) yp.i. 1. have obtained enough for. Kyahaktaqa sdosok hiita naami a —ta. The wealthy man has everything he needs for himself. — N u’ kweewat yukuniqe tonit qa a —ta. When I was going to weave a belt, I didn’t have enough yarn for it. — Pam pay hiita yungyapuy akw yukuniqey aw a - ta . She has enough material to make a wicker plaque. — Nu’ a ’ni sipalmawi; pay n u ’ itimuy a m u -ta . I picked a lot of peaches; now I have enough for my children. 2. (with postp.) be able to buy, afford. Nu ’ sikisvet ngd ’aniqey qa aw a —ta. I don’t have enough to buy a car. — Pam mdtsapngonkwewat td ’iniqey pay aw a —ta. He has enough to buy the embroidered sash. — A: Um qa ngas’ew tsivothaqam siiva’yta? B: Noqw himu? A: Pay as Qala’yydngqam kohot huuyayaqw pdasa’ n u ’ akw qa aw a - t a . A: Do you have at least about twenty dollars? B: What is it? A: The Navajos are selling firewood and I am short by that much (to buy it). — Kyahaksinomsa it aw a -yungngwu. Only rich people usually can afford this. 3. {reft.) have found a partner for a spouse. Put a a ’awna, pay yaw pam naat qa hakiy naa’a —taqat. He told him that she had not yet found any eligible spouse for herself, a-pts-in-i- ’y-ta [3P-arrive(SG)-CAUS-NR-P0SS-DUR] (a)ptsini’yva (~ya) vp.p. bring enough for, ar­ rive with enough. Pay nu’ noosiwqat a - . I arrived with enough food. — Pam pay piw noovay kur qa inu —. Once again she didn’t arrive with enough food to give me a share, a-pts-in-i- ’y-va [3P-arrive (SG)-CAUS-NR-POSS-INGR] (a)ptsm|ta(-'tota) vp.i. be trying to accumulate enough, get enough for. Tumalsino sutsep kyaananvotkyangw naami a - ta . The working man con­ stantly suffers hardship in making enough for himself. — Itana kyaananvotkyangw hiita itamu — ta. Our father is making big sacrifices in providing things for us adequately, a-pts-in-ta [3P-arrive(SG)-CAUS-REP] (a)ptsiw{ma ( —wisa) vp.i. l. be getting to be enough (for). Tiyo kaapoypuuts tu ’iniqe naap siivay koyolawqw nuwu pam put aw a - m a . Since the boy was going to buy cowboy boots (and) was saving his own money, it gradually was getting to be enough. 2. be managing to supply (adequately), be keeping up with one’s obligations. Pay nu ’ as sUupan a ’ni hiita dasalawqw pas hapi himu itimuy qa am u -m a. I thought 1 was getting a good amount of income, but it’s not keeping up with the needs of my children. — Pay yaw pam sdosok hiita ang a - m a . He was keeping up with every­ thing. — Pas qa ang a - m a . She wasn’t keeping up with it. — Naat tdupevu qa itam u-m a. The

(a)ptsiwpu baked sweet corn is not enough for us all yet. — Pas ngatwi ’yyiingqam qa itamu - wisa. The doctors are not keeping up with us (in their treatment). — Paahu qa u m u -m a ; kur uma hisatniqw hikwnani. The water is not enough to get around to you; I don’t know when you’re going to water it. 3. be finding adequate time for. Pas uma qa in u -m a . You’re not finding time for me. — Pas n u ’ qa u —ma; kur n u ’ hisat ung tutuwnani. I’m not finding time for you, I don’t know when I can teach you how. a-pts-iw-ma [3P-arrive(SG)-ST-PR0Gl (a)ptsiwpua4/->rf- enough, sufficient. Taaqa kiihut aw a —t owata. The man quarried rocks sufficient for a house. — Pay nu' aw a - 1 siiva’yva. I have come with enough money for it. — Inumi huuyaqa piivat taviqw p u ’ n u ’ navota; kur n u ’ qa aw a —t himu’yta. When the store clerk handed me the tobacco, then I realized that I didn’t have enough (to pay) for it. — Hiisa ’ naami a —t pdasa ’ tsovala. He gathered what was enough for him. — Su ’aw amu —t paahot pam yuku. He made exactly enough prayer sticks for each of them, a-pts-iw-pu [3P-arrivc(SG)-ST-RSLT] Cf. pitsiwpu, adequate in amount or extent, enough for a specific purpose. (a)ptsiw|ta (~yungw a) vp.i. 1. be sufficient, enough, an adequate supply, equal to in value, in amount, in effort (as a task, goal); {neg.) be in­ sufficient, unworthy. Wduti sikwit tu ’iniqe humitmokiy hiluyaqat a a ’awnaqw pay yaw aw a —ta. When the woman wanted to buy meat, she offered the trader her sack of shelled corn, and he said it was enough. — / ’ pay s u ’aw yep suus teevep tiikivet ang a —ta. This is just enough for a wholeday dance here. — Kyan ’ew um uupakoy maspa; pas tihu ’a —yungwa. What a waste ttiat you threw away your cottonwood roots; they were of kachina doll-making size. — Puma pay put ang a -yiingqam yungya. Enough people entered the kiva (for the ceremony). — Kitsokinawit a —taqam dki. Enough people to fill the village have arrived. — Pam qa itam u—ta. That’s not enough for us. — Hiita noosiwqat u m u -ta q a t aqw tangatani. She will put in some kind of food enough for you. — Nu’ in u —taqat (or nami’a -ta q a t) aqw tangata. I put in enough for myself. — Pas pi yaw puma a m u -ta . They were as many as them (boys and girls). — Son pi pas um Iddq nodma’ytani; son um am u —tani. You can’t have two wives; you won’t be adequate for (both of) them. — Pam su ’amu —taqat paahota. He made just enough prayer sticks for each of them. 2. (with intensifier) be more than enough for, in excess, be abundant. I ’ pay inumi a ’ni a —ta. This is more than enough for me. 3. {des.) be up to (a task). Taaqa sunala wukokit kiildwqe sdosok ang tumalat aw qa a - t a . Since the man was building a big house all alone, he was not up to all the work on it. — Pas nu ’ itumalay ep qa a ’saqdlqe put tumalayat aw qa a —ta. I am so busy at my own work that I am not up to his. 4. be socializing with a girl. Pam Munqapeq maanat a —ta. He is with a girl in Moencopi. — Ya hak pep a —ta? Who is having a date there? a-pts-iw-ta [3P-arrive(SG)-ST-DUR] ( a ) p tu (~ y a ; comb, (a)pts-) vp.p. 1. become j enough for, be enough on a particular occasion. Si­ kisvet aw a —. It has become enough for a car. — Inumi piiki qa a — / Piiki qa inu —. There wasn’t enough piki to go around for me (I didn’t get any). — Wuuti sikwit tu ’iniqe wukotukput aqw humitat dopoknaqw p u ’ aw a —. When the woman was going to buy meat, she filled a big sack full of shelled corn until it got to be enough (to pay for it). — Qa himu inu —. There was nothing left for me. — Ya pay u — ? Is there enough for you? — Ya itdakawayom umu —y a ? Are our horses enough

33 for you (so that everyone can ride a horse)? — Pas yaw su ’aw oovi amu ~ . So it got to be just enough for them. — Ya pay siiva itamuy sdosok­ muy ita m u -? Now do we have enough money to go around for all of us? 2. (des.) afford the time for. N u’ naap ivasay ep pisoqniiqe ikwatsi nuy lay ’ayalawqw put aw qa a - . I was so busy on my own field that I couldn’t afford the time to herd sheep for him. 3. get a date, get to have the company of a girl. Kur itamuy safdnayaqw uma naap haqawa a - n i. If you get lucky one of you will get [the girl’s] company. — Yu’a ’atotangwu, hin as yaw sen haqawa put a —niqat. They would be talking about how to get the girl’s company. — Itam a - y a . We got dates, a-ptu [3P-arrive(SG)] (a )p y e v e postp. 1. in front of, ahead of. Pas pay yaw pam oovi sdosok hawniniqw piw yaw hak a - ’e. When he was about to descend to the very bottom there was someone ahead of him. — Itana inu — dytima. Our father was going along planting ahead of me. — PdayomnUqam inu -y a . There are three ahead of me. — Noqw pay angqw pi itamungk piw peetuyaqw p u ’ ita m u - piw peetuya. But there were some following us and also there were some ahead of us. — Pam hakiy p o k’at u wdrikiwta? Whose dog is that that’s running ahead of you? — Kukuynaqat a —niiqa lomatotsi ’yta. Tfie one in front of the middle dancer has beautiful shoes. — Ya u m u -niiqa hin maatsiwa? What’s the name of the one ahead of you (dl./pl.)? 2. (temp.) earlier than, before, preceding, ahead of. P u ’ i ’ masihatiko pam pay hihin a - piw tukwsingwu. And then there is this gray lima bean, that matures a little bit earlier than that [other]. — Kur um pumuy a m u - mdoti tuumoyte’ qa pas ngas’ew ndnospit itsehe’tani. If you eat before they do, at least don’t dirty the table. — Pay pumuy Nimdnkatsinmuy a - hiituwat tiiva. Another kind (of kachina) danced before the Niman kachinas had their dance. — It Kyaamuyat a -n iiq a Kyelmuya. The month preceding this Kyaamuya is Kyelmuya. — Itam naat as angklalwaniqey wuuwantotaqw pay pam itamu - mdoti aw suptsina. We were thinking of sponsoring the “following” night dance but he beat us to it quickly. — Pam put hihin a - tiitiwa. He was born a little bit before him. — Itam hihin um u —yakyangw naat qa qoydavi’yyungwa. We were a little ahead of you (dl./pl.) (in generation), but still don’t have gray hair. — Um nuutungkniiqat a -h a q a m peenaqe sumataq pdngqawu, n u ’ uumiqniqat. When you wrote a letter before your last letter I think you said that I should come to you. 3. from, away from. Pam ita m u - waaya. He ran away from us. — Pam yaw pep hiita koyaanisqatsit qatsinaqw put a — hapi yaw pep sinom pewwat aw watqani. They say he caused the life of corruption and so the people there were going to flee from there to there. — Pam melooniy inu — tupkya. He hid his muskmelon from me. — Pay um kur it maanat inu - pay pewhaqami wiiki. Evidently you have brought this girl here to get her away from me. a-pyeve [3P-before] (a)pyeve|ta ( —tota) vp.p. 1. go ahead of. Pay nuwu taawanasap’iwma; n u ’pay oovi imuy a - ta . It’s already getting on to noon, so I’ve gone ahead of these [people]. 2. (temp.) do it before. Naat as pam mdoti totoklawniniqw pay m i’wa a - t a . He was to sponsor a night dance first but the other one did it before he did. — SUupan as pi um mdntangalawni; noqw hak u —ta. I thought you were (supposed to) be rehearsing girls in the kiva for a dance, but someone beat you to it. a-pyeve-ta [3P-before-CAUS] ( a ) p y e v e |t i ( - to ti) vp.p. get ahead of. Puma pumuy haq a m u -ti. They got far ahead of them. a-pyeve-ti [3P-before-R]

aqawsiyungyapu (a)pyevo

postp. toward a location in front of, ahead of. O 'waqdltuy angqw nUutungkniiqat a - niiqam sunantaqat yungyaput akw maasanta. The two that are in front of the last one in line of the Owaqol dancers are using wicker plaques that are exactly alike with which they are making hand motions (in dancing), a-pyev-o [3P-beforc-DES] aqaaqawi n.sg. (bot.) wild sunflower, - t akw peetu tuphentotangwu. You can make some types of dye from sunflower seeds. Var. aqaaqawu; syn. aaqawu, aaqawi, a ’qawu, a ’qawi. aqaaqawu n.sg. = aqaaqawi. aqap> comb, of aqvu-. [chapped-] aqapjvukun. 1. {sg.) chapped face. 2. ( -v u p kum) person with chapped face. Is and, um - v u ku. Oh my, you have a chapped face, dqap-vuku [chapped-face] aqapvukuljti ( - to ti) vi.p. get a chapped face. Hak iyoho’niqw posimavaqte’ -tingwu; nen hak dqapvukuningwu. If you wash your face when it’s cold you get a chapped face; then you’re a chapped-face person, dqap-vuku-l-ti [chapped-fece-ST-R] aqaw* comb, of tlaqawu = ^aqawi = a ’qawu = a ’qawi. [sunflower-] aqawqolIO (po.r//). 'p e ( q ) , ~pa(qe), ~m i(q), —ngaqw) n.sg. cluster of sunflowers, sunflower patch. —0 qa taala. The sunflower patch is thick. aqdw-qdld [sunflower-expanse] aqawqolowma vi.i.sg. be getting to be a sun­ flower patch. Yokvaqw oovi taavangqdyvaqe a ’ni —. Since it rained, sunflower patches are forming on the southwest side. — Hin ’ur yooyokqw oovi ang - . It rained hard, so there are getting to be sunflower patches all around, aqdw-qdld-w-ma [sunflower-expanse-ST-PROG] aqawqolti vi.p.sg. become a sunflower patch. Yonyatsayviy dhopqdyva kur a ’ni - . Apparently a very large stand of sunflowers has developed on the northeast side of Padilla Mesa, aqdw-qdl-ti [sunflower-expanse-R] aqavi^i n.sg. the flower of the wild sunflower plant. Hopiit hisat - 1akw enang kuwanlalwangwu. Hopis also used to use the flower of the wild sunflowers to make dye. — Itdakwa pi hiitawat kanelvdokoy postutuyqw - 1 momtsat pu ’put poosiyat aqw ngahutangwu. Our grandfather would chew the sunflower seeds and apply it to the eyes of one of his sheep when it had eye sores, aqaw-si [sun­ flower-flower] aqawsihoya n.sg. wicker plaque with a sunflower design, of smaller than normal size (about 4 inches in diameter). Usu. used as an adornment or for giving to a small girl along with a kachina doll. Mit - t yUkungwu. She usually makes that little sunflower plaque, aqaw-si-hoya [sunflower-flower-DIM] Syn. aqawsiyungyaphoya. aqawsivosi n.sg. sunflower seed. Um —t ngarorota? Are you chewing on sunflower seeds? aqaw-si-vosi [sunflower-flower-seed] aqawsivoskutuki/i..rg. roasted sunflower seeds. —haqaqwpas kwangwahovaqtu. Somewhere there are roasted sunflower seeds that smell delicious. aqawsivos-kutuki lsunflower:seed-parched/fried] aqawsijyungyaphoya (-yuyngyaphdoya) n. wicker plaque with a sunflower design, of smaller than normal size, -yungyaphoyat pam susmdoti katsinmuy amungaqw makiwngwu. The sunflower wicker plaque is the very first one that she (an infant girl) receives from the kachinas. aqaw-si-yungyap-hoya [sunflower-flower-wicker:plaque-DIM] Syn. aqawsihoya. aqawsi I yungyapu(jg. only or —yuyngyapu)/i. wicker plaque with a sunflower design. Tiposi

aqawtumna mdoti yungyapmakiwninik(0 '-yungyaput makiwngwu. When a newborn receives her first wicker plaque she is given a sunflower-design plaque. aqaw-si-yungyapu [sunflower-flower-wicker:plaque] aqawtumna n.sg. (bot.) Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus. Ura hakim tsaatsayomnen panis tutuqaynongakt pay haqami - t yaahawisngwu. Remember when we were children, as soon as we got out of school we used to go someplace and dig Jerusalem artichokes, aqaw-tumna [sun­ flower-potato] (a)qla I p ((a)qle’ or ~ q or ~va(qe), ~vo(q), -n g aq w ; paus. pet. - p o , --p ’o) postp. 1. next to, by, beside, {dif.) around. P u' ephaqam piw himuwa paahu tsoqavd’ytangwu. Sometimes one of the springs would have a catchment basin next to it. — Paahu'ytaqat a —psa kitsoktota. They put up a village only next to a spring. — Inu~-p qdtuuqa teevep piiupuwva. The one sitting next to me keeps nodding off to sleep. — ham itamu'-'p k i’yyhngqamuy mamqasya. We’re afraid of those that are living next to us. — A: Haqam tatsi? B: U ~po. A: Where’s the ball? B: Next to you. — Nu' ikawayvokmuy amu~p*o. I’m next to my horses. — Paysoq ogle* loloqangw wiisiwta. A bullsnake was stretched out right by him. — Itamuqle ’ ki 'yyungqam a 'ni hoqya. The people living around us harvested a lot. — Vm pas hdykye' inuqle*e; um hihin yaakye’ni. You’re going too close by me; go along a little farther away (from me). — A: Ya haqam wd’dkiwta? B: Pang uqle*e. A: Where is she lying? B: Right there alongside you. — P u ’ yaw amuqle* hiihinyungqa kuukuta. And there were all kinds of thorns around them. — Pay pep itaqatskiy aqle*haqe’ qaatsi. It’s lying there somewhere by my lean-to. — Orayviy aqle*haqe’ maqnumngwu. He would go around hunting in an area somewhere around Oraibi. — Wuuti taaqat a —va wa 'o. The woman lay down next to the man. — Qddhit a vaqe lestavi qaatsi. A beam is lying beside the fire. — Nu' itanay paasayat a-VO kuyvato. I’m going out to check the area next to our father’s field. — P u’ yaw a —vo tuukwit aqw qatuptu. Then it alighted on top of the crest next to it. — A: Ya haqami tuuva? B: Itdakiy a '- v o ’o. A: Where did he throw it? B: Next to our house. — Nu’ ikawayvokmuy a m u ~ v o ’o. I’m going to the place next to my horses. — U m u ^ ‘ vohaqami taavo. The cottontail went (ran) to a place somewhere next to you. — It itanay a —voq tdvi'i; p a m p i kaphey aqw dyangwu. Put this next to our father; he is the one that puts [sugar] in his coffee. — Paysoq inu~ngaqw taavo wari. A cottontail ran out from (a place) right next to me. — Yaw pam oovi naasungni’y taqw yaw hak a —ngahaqaqw aw hingqawu. When he was taking a rest, someone spoke to him from somewhere next to him. 2. (idiom., dif.) unbeknownst to, clandestinely. Aqle* qahopiti. He became unfaithful behind her back. — Umuumd’dnangw kur pay umuqle ’ hiita uu ’uyi. Apparently your mo ’onangw stole something from you without you knowing. — Qa nanvotqw a —q nodsiwqayat u ’uyingwa. Unbe­ knownst to her, he was stealing her food on the side. 3. (pet., with relative-suffixed form of kiyta) next-door neighbor. Inu-^p kiytaqa maana pas pasi’nangwa; qa nuutum wunimangwu. The neigh­ bor girl is composed [but] she doesn’t participate with the others in the dances. — Ita m u ^p k i’ytaqa yaw itamuy hiihin sdvikna. They say that the person who lives next to us criticized us. — Itam u‘~p wuuti kVytaqa ahoy tutuqaypituuqe p u ’ pas oovi oomiq naatsol^ana. The woman who lives next door returned home from school and now she puts herself up on a pedestal — Itamu^-p ki*yyungqam naat p u ’ s e ’elhaqam tsolaay’oki. Our

34

arilanki

next-door neighbors just returned sometime earlier the extreme form has to do with the object being today from celebrating the Fourth of July, a-qla-p contained. N u’ ipaqwriy - huruuta. I thickened [3P-next:to-F*CT] my batter (which was in a bowl). (Compare Nu’ a q v u - (eomb. aqap-) chapped. This element is a ipaqwriy aw huruuta. = Nu ’ ipaqwriy huruuta. I bound form occurring only with verbal derivational thickened my batter [which might simply have been suffixes, or as a combining form, in compounds. on a plate].) 8. -- also contrasts with aw in the [chapped-1 sense of “behind one’s back’’ as opposed to facea q v u ’i w j t a ( —yimgwa) vi.i. have chapped skin, to-face. Kway ~ a ’ni hingqawu. He made joking have a dry skin condition. Momorhdoyam paas remarks criticizing his paternal aunt’s husband “-yungwa. The swimmers are all completely behind his back. See also postp.sfx. -miq. chapped (from swimming in muddy water), aqvu- aqwhaqami (eomb. -miqhaqami) postp. 1. all —’iw-ta lch^)ped-ST-DURl along a way, throughout a course. ~ Hopisinom a q v u |t i ( - 't o t i ) vi.p. become chapped, get a dry owakot haqni’yyungwa. Throughout (the villages) skin condition. Pas huukyangw itamuy qa maathe Hopi people feel a great need for coal. — Maamdakyamuy —yaqamuy kuk.yamuy amutsva tapqw nu’paas —ti. Since the windstorm wouldn’t go away from us, I got completely chapped. yaw kUuku ’yta. Its tracks were over the tracks of the hunters that went that w ay.------ yaw wukohoaqvu-ti [chapped-R] tsi. There was a very large opening into it. — aqw(pQMJ. —a ’, a) postp. extr. of aw, destinaPam ~ put a a ’an hintsakma. She went along tive postposition (metathesis of theoretical aw-q): doing the same things as he did. — Aasupoq 1. to, toward obj. which is perceived as relatively kitsokiva piw yeesiwa. People were also inhabiting inaccessible, l a . toward obj. that is literally inac­ villages all over some time long ago. — Pdhut cessible. Pam tangaq.wunut — maamasa; hak as dnan’ik — tuusaqa sdkwawsa. Along each side of qa pdntingwuniqo. He pointed toward the rainbow; the path the grass is green all the way. — Is uru, he’s not supposed to do that. lb . to a distant yaw — a ’ni tuupela’yta. Oh my, it had a sheer place, over there. P u’ yaw puma ~ taayungwa. drop all the way down. 2. (temp.) all through a And they were watching it (at a distance). — Nu' period of time. Noqw pay oovi — Tawvaya kya as hiihiituy — tuwa. I saw all kinds of things over qalaptuqw uma angqw tiimaywisni. And therefore there. Ic. to obj. out of sight. Noqw yaw su ’atpiyou come to watch the dance when Tawvaya is pahaqaqw himu hlngqawlawu; p u ’ pam oovi well again. — M ori’uyisngaqw Nimdntikivet — haawi. And something (out of sight) was making tiitikiveningwu. There are dances the whole time sounds directly beneath him so he climbed down to from the bean planting season until the Niman it. — Kur nu’ - hin navotto. I’ll go there to find out what’s up. — Nu’ p u ’ itupkoy ~ y u ’a ’dyku. 1 ceremony. 3. with completive verbs (-ma 3) or augmentative verbs ending in -mti, this form em­ just spoke (by phone) to my younger brother (or, phasizes a sudden dropping down or going out of if female speaker, younger brother or sister). sight. Pam put tamoyat dakwayngyangaqw wuvda2. into, to the inside, facing into. Qa pas um taqw pay pam okiw — nSokwikma. When he hit tumpoqhaqamini; um ~ posni. Don’t get too close to the edge; you’ll fall down into it. — Nu’ p u ’ him from behind the knee, he gave way at the legs. — Maswikkatsinam yungiwmaqw p o k ’am isHdsvey — pafdt pay utuhu’mofd. I [practically] kivamiqhaqami sirokma. When the Maswik kachidied of heat as soon as 1 got into my car. — nas were going from kiva to kiva to dance at Tuwalanmomdot kiy ~ homimitangwu. The guard night, their accompanist slid down into the kiva. — bees usually just crowd into their hive in a swarm. Pam naat p u ’ Kwankivat dngqe — tdnikma. He — Mamantpiw naanan’i ’vaq — hongvangwu. The just now went around Kwankiva in that direction girls also stand on all sides facing into it. — ~ (out of sight). — Pdvatpela sdapukiwmakyangw qoona’a. Add fuel to the fire.------soskwi’i. Poke muunat - wukoviqdmti. The steep embankment of in repeatedly. — ~ tsiipokna. Stuff it in full. — the wash went collapsing into the running river Itotsiy tuuwa dopokiwma. The sand started to with a big splash, aqw-haqa-mi [DES:EX-where-DES] fill my shoes. — Ponawit — tsaa”iwma. The road is getting narrower. 3. way up there, to the top of a q w n i j ’eway(rf/. ~ ’ewayom,p/. —’e’way(om); a standing obj. Pdasat p u ’ yaw pam tuupelngaqw aee. —’ewakw, dl. —’ewakwmuy, pi. - *e*wakw(muy)) adj. appearing to be going (a far lestavit iitsiwtaqat - pam yaw wuuvi. Then he climbed way up on to the beam that was sticking distance). Pas kya yang iisaw itda’uyiy ^*eway; out from the wall. — Nu ’ itihuy — homasat tsuru- pas su ’aqwwat sdhenanata. It looks like the coyote kinta. 1 am sticking a feather on (the very top of) going along here will be going toward our corn­ my kachina doll. — N u’ moorot — wuuvi. 1 field; it’s trotting in the right direction, aqwmounted the donkey. (If one climbed on a donkey -ni- ’ewa-y [DES:EX-FUT-Iike-NOM] that was lying down, non-extr. aw would be used.) -’ari n.sg. eomb. of aari-. [-shorn] 4. against (making contact with). Nu’ kdltsit — -’arila ( —ya) vt.p.sg.obj. eomb. of aariia. [-shear] ongo. I bumped into the shelf. — Nu ’ ihdotay akw (-’)arilan- eond>. of aariia. [(-)shcar-] — ngu’yta. I am holding it up with my back (against it). 5. (temp.) all the way to the point in arilan | ’aya ( ’a’yat) n. 1. sheep shearer, helper time referred to; until, by. ham pay qa pas dasa’ at shearing sheep. Nu’ pay ngasta kanelvdoko’yta; '-ya, itam pay panis pakwt tsivot siikya’ytaqat pay n u ’ oovi ngas’ew —^aya. I didn’t have any sheep but at least I was a sheep shearer. 2. (5g.) --ya. We are not going all the way to the required shearing workparty. Taaqa kanelvokmuy qa arilanlength [of the puerperal period, which is normally twenty days], we are only going until the fifteenth yuki ’ymaqe pu ’ nawus — *aya ’yta. The man was behind in shearing his sheep so he had to have a [day]. — Naaloq ydasangwuy - p u ’ pay yaw pumuy himu tundsmaskya ’am pay yaw pas hingsa ’ shearing workparty. arilan-’aya [shear-helper] peetoti. By the [end of] the fourth year only tiny arilanki/i.j'g. 1. shelter for shearing sheep. amounts of their food supplies were left. — P u’ watuy kanilkiyamuy ep hdqaqwwat aw taqatsfd ’iwte’pam —t a w apitingwu. Sheep corrals that some yaw antsa aqw pitu, nalostdlqat '-a*. Then it people had with sheds built on one side were really came to the time, all the way to the fourth useful as shearing shelters. 2. barbershop. Pahaana day. 6. (temp.) until a distant time. Yangqw —t e p tuu’arilankyangw put akw siivalawu. The hiisavo Soyalangwuy — peeti? How much time is Anglo makes money cutting people’s hair in the left from now until the Soyal ceremony? 7. With barber ^ o p . arildn-ki [shear-house] verbs that are indifferently destinative or transitive.

arilwpi aril^npi n.sg.

shears, hair clippers. Hisat naap ~ hurusivat angqw yuldwtangwuniiqe a ’ni hongviningwuniqw hak akw aarilante ’maangu 'yngwu. Long ago the hand shears were made from hard steel and the tension on them was so strong that when you sheared with them you got tired, arildn-pi [shear-INSTR]

arilanyayna (-ya)

vt.p. start to shear. Taaqa tdmdngvaqwkwangqattiqwpu'kanelmuy ~ . When it became spring and got warm, the man started shearing sheep, arilan-ydyna (shear^jegin) arilanyuki’y |ma(-wisa) vl.i. be about to finish shearing. Taaqa kanelvokmuy qa ~m a. The man was behind in shearing his sheep, arilan-yuk-i-’y-ma [shear-finish-NR-POSS-PROGl arilanyuki’y Ita(-yungwa) vr.i. have the shear­ ing of obj. finished. N u’ ivokmuy - ta . I have finished shearing my animals, arilan-yuk-i-’y-ta [shear-finish-NR-POSS-DURI

arilanyuk|u(-uya; -ilu-q-) vt.p.

finish shear­ ing. Taaqa kanelvokmuy naala aarilantaqe kyaanavo tp u ’ ~ u . Since the man was shearing his sheep alone, he had a hard time but he finished shearing. — Tapkiqw p u ’ taaqa kanelmuy ~huqe tsuya. When it was late in the afternoon the man was so glad for having finished shearing sheep, arilan-yuku [shear-finish]

a s (paus. - a ’) part, modal of compensation: something is claimed to be so without full evi­ dence, despite contrary factors, or how things were or will be. 1. despite lack of full evidence or justification. Pam pay — hin taawi’yta. (I know) he (since he is a kachina) has some kind of a song (but I don’t know how it goes). — Pay — pephaqam qaatsi. It should be lying around there (at least it was when 1 last saw it). — Pay kya sen — pay p u ’ pituni. He might perhaps arrive today. — Pay kya — pam qaavo maqtoni. He may go hunt tomorrow. — Pay - pu 'haqam kya ahoy kiy epeq oki. By now they may have arrived at their house. — Pay pi kur haqam himu - qa a ’ni hiikya ’ytani. Well, there’s no place where things aren’t going to cost a lot. 2. despite contrary factors: but, even though, although. Is uti, naat — pas um p u ’ suusniikyangwpay su ’an wari. Boy, this was your first time, but you started off right. — Pas n u ’ naat ung kwangwa'iwtaqw pay uutokilay aqw pitu. I’m still drawn to your company, but your time to go is here. — Pi - nuutum yuutuk.yaniqey lavaytat pay kur hinyani. They were talking about participating in the foot race but then couldn’t. — Pam - q e’tit p u ’ pay piw dapiy uylawu. Even though he had quit, he went back to planting again. — Pay n u ’ put — qa a a ’awnaqw hin pi pam put haqam navota. Even though I didn’t tell him, he found out somehow. — Nu’ it n u ’an wunimana, qa naawakna, —niqw. I forced him to dance, even though he didn’t want to. — Pay pi — niiutsel’ewayniikyangw pam hapi kur katsina. Even though he looked terrible, evidently he was a kachina. — ham mongtatve dsa’niqw qa nakwha. Even though we had chosen him as leader, he refused. — Tsangaw — itampeetu naat itdalavayiy qa sdutokiwyungwa. Thanklblly, some of us still haven’t forgotten our language even though [others have]. — Tsukut taawi’at - lomatawi; niikyangw hiisava. The clown’s song was a nice song, but short. — N u’ - aw peenanikyangw kur nu ’ hinni. I want to write to her but I don’t know how. — N u’ - put ndsniqey qa naawakna. I suppose I didn’t want to eat that as a meal (but I had to). — Pas qa hak Hotvelngaqw tiimayto; hikis - itangu timaysoniikyangw qa awi. No one from Hotevilla went to see the dance; even our mother didn’t go, although she is a person who loves to watch dances. 3. contrary to the situation at some other

35 time. A: I ’ kaphe suusungwa. B: Pi - naat p u ’ muki. A: This coffee is cold. B: But it was still warm a second ago. — A: Nu’ — put naawakna. B: Noqw pi um — qa panta. A^ I wanted that. B: But you weren’t that way (before). — Pam — naat pu ’ itsivu ’iwtat pay kur pdhi. She was angry just now but has apparently calmed down. — Qa hiikwista dsa’nit p u ’ hikwsu. It wasn’t breathing, I know, but it has taken a breath now. — Sdukopniiqamuy nu ’ — oovi timu ’yva. I gave birth to sixteen children (but ^ey are not all still living). — Noqw pangsoq.wat Ongtupqamiq pay puma Orayvit -y a ngwu. The Oraibis used to go that way, toward the Grand Canyon (but they no longer do). — Pay naat i ’ p u ’ hisat yanta -a*. It was just recently done this way (but regrettably no longer is). 4. wish, would like, would prefer, want to. AH, — it hiiko. Mm, I wish I could drink this. — Nu’ hiita uungaqw naawinni. I would like to copy something from you. — Nu’ — hakiy amum tihut oovi kyaasurut naahoyngwani. I would kke to trade someone a parrot tailfeather for a doll. — ham aqw taalo’ pituni, qa mihikqw. 1 would prefer that we get there during daylight, not at night. — Hopiit pep atkya yesqam angqw pew - ndalak.yani. The Hopis that lived down below wanted to move here. 5. (with future or habitual tense) should, ought to, be supposed to, mean to. Kur nu ’ - piivat tu ’inikyangw qa u ’una. Evidently I should have bought tobacco, but I forgot. — Kyahaktaqa hiita niiti’ytaqe ngas’ew - itamuy akw ookwatuwni. The rich man has many things, so at least he should take pity on us. — Pam - pay paapu hihin iits puwtonikyangw. He really should go to bed earlier this time. — Han - kuytoni. I ought to go fetch water. — Nu’ - p u ’ yaw kdmoktoni; noqw ivoko qa wari. I’m told I was supposed to go after a load of wood, but my truck didn’t start. — Pam Pahaana ura pu ’ - itdakiy epniqa qa pitu. That Anglo who was supposed to be at our house today did not come. — It naqvu ’at as paaldngpuni, qa sdkwawsa. His ears should be red, not turquoise-blue. — Nu’ - pdngqawnikyangw qa su 'dngqawu. I meant to say it that way but didn’t say it right. — Hak ngSytiwe’ qa pas - mdmdntuy amungaqw qa atsat a ’ni waayangwu. When you do a chasing game, you’re not supposed to flee from the girls for real. 6. (with future tense and 2nd person subject) polite request, would you please... (less direct than Jfewr 2). Um - itamungem kdmoktoni. Please go get a load of firewood for us. 7. (with hin) what do you suppose one could do, I wonder how. Hinte’ n u ’ - put ndwkini? What do you suppose I could do to take her away from him? — Is hinnen it noomata? What do you suppose I could do so as to take her as a wife? — Hin — n u ’nen it mantuwte’ it noomatani. I wonder how I could get her to be my girlfriend so I might marry her. 8. try to. Um - haqami? Where were you trying to go? — Nu’ — yep it aw pooqantat n u ’ qa aniwti. I was trying to weave this but I couldn’t get it right. — Yaw tulakinta pam - a \ She was trying to dry-roast the cornmeal. — Pas pdasat pu ’ yaw aw hingqawu, —a*. Only then did he try to say something to her. — Pdasat p u ’ yaw Supawlapt piw —ya. TTien the Shipaulovis tried again. — Nu ’ it - pdrokinta; noqw pas a ’ni huru. I am trying to make a hole in this; but it is too hard. 9. (with future tense) hypothetically, if, if only. Pay n u ’ — sikisve’yte’ son qa tumdltatoni. If I had a car I would have gone to work. — ~ nu ’nen yanwat kitani. If it were me, I would have said it this way. — Pay n u ’ — put qa meewaqw pam — naat son qa a ’ni tsootsongmantani. If I had not admonished him, he would still be smok­ ing a lot. 10. (with sen) perhaps it might be.

asaaqolo A: Sen pay n u ’ - put uumi lalvaya. B: Qda’e. A: Perhaps I have told you that already? B: No. - Ydasa ’haqam nu ’ itwat navoti ’yta; pay pi son - qa piw hinta, seni. This much I know about this one; there’s probably more to it, perhaps. — Puma pay sen - itamuy hin p a ’angwani. They might be able to help us out. — Mimawat pay sen - sdlawtini; niikyangw itam sdosok hiita ang ayd ’ ndngakni. Those other perhaps may not survive, but we will pass through all things safely. 11. (with turn) why don’t we? — turn ydnti it ’a. Why don’t we do this?------ turn qatupte’ itdasikwitpey awpdota. Why don’t we get up and check on our roasting meat? 12. (with pay) just about, almost. Paas pay — itihu hdykyawta; panis as lewiltini. My kachina doll is just about close to finished; it only needs (“wants”) to get painted. 13. (with son qa) most likely. Pay n u ’ mdotiniqw son — qa kyawnani. At first most likely I will miss her (but I’ll get over it). — Nu’ ung q e ’niqat navoti’y te ’ son - qapasmini. If I had known you were not going to go, 1 would most likely have gone to the field. as- 1 eomb. of aasa (in the clan name: Asngyam, Aswungwa). [tansytmustard-] (-’)as- 2 eomb. of aasi. [washihair-l as’a or as’a or as’ay or as’dy interj. yes (used in reply to a negative question or comment in the present/past tense). A: Ya um qa nodsa? B: —, pay n u ’ nodsa. A: Did you not eat? B: Yes, I ate. — A: Um qa hiita wuukoq siivu’yta? B: —, pdnissapi ngasta u ’utspi’yta. A: Don’t you have any pot that’s large? B: Yes, but it doesn’t have a lid. — A: Uma qa kaphe’yta? B: - : niikyangw a ’ni suusungwa. A: Don’t you have any coffee? B: Yes, but it’s very cold. — Hep as*ay, pay pam nuy pas put suyan maqa. I said yes, it is true, he did truly give that to me. as-’d [should-PS] Cf. owi, yes (used in reply to non-negative question). as’awii interj. yes, sure, why not (used in reply to a negative question or statement in the future tense). A: Ya um qa ndsni? B: —, pay n u ’ ndsni. A: Will you not eat? B: Yes, [I guess] I will eat. — A: Umhaqami’i? B: Nu’ kawayhepto. A: Son pi umtuwani. B: - , pisumatskuku’yyungwa. A: Are you going somewhere? B: I’m going to look for my horses. A: You won’t find them. B: Sure I will; their hoofprints are easy to tell. — A: Um paapu haak qa umuukway awni. B: - , taq n u ’ as put hiita tuuvingtani. A: You mustn’t go to see your grandfather so soon. B: Why not? 1 have something to ask him. — A: Turn it hakiy ndhuyat sowa. B: S o ’ni. A: - . A: Let’s eat this egg (that belongs to someone else). B: No. A: Why not? — A: Nu’naqvututuya. B: Umhintiqwqahaqaminiqw hak ung naavdotsiwna? A: — son pi n u ’ qa pdntiqw i ’ qalaptuni. A: I have an earache. B: Why don’t you go somewhere to have someone do a purification on you? A: Sure, I should do that in order for it to get well, as-’aw-u [should-ATTEN-PS] Cf. owi’awu, owi’awii, yes (used in reply to non-negative question in future tense), as’ay, as’ay = as’a, as’d. as-’d-y (should-PS-EXCLM] asa’ paus. of as. asa- ’ [shouId-PS] asaa- eomb. of aasa. [tansytmustard-] asaakwivi n.sg. stewed mustard greens. ~ pas puhunepniwte’ pdasat pas kwangwngwu. If the stewed mustard greens are freshly picked, then they’re really good, asda^kwivi [tansy:mustard-boiled: dish] a s a a q d l j d (postp. ~pe(q), ~pa(qe), -m i(q ), —ngaqw) n.sg. tansy mustard patch. Yang pdhut dnan ’ivo —d. Along here on either side of the path

asaatuupe

36

there are patches of tansy mustard, asda-qdlo morning, as-na-to [wash:hair-CAUS-PREG] [tansyimustard-expanse] Asngyam n.sg. Mustard clan membership, asasaatuupe n.sg. baked tansy mustard greens. ~ -ngya-m [tansy:mustard-Clan:meniber(PL)-NSG] Cf. sg. pi pas piw kwangwngwu, poos mowate’. Baked Aswungwa. mustard greens are also something very delicious asniw|a ( - y a ) vi.p. l . get the hair washed. Pay if they’re thoroughly cooked. asda-tUupe [tansy: kyamat ahoy yang ninma; pay kur tiposi - a . The mustard-bake/roast] paternal aunts are coming by here going home; ap­ asaprani n.sg. (bot.) saffron, Carthamus tincto- parently the baby has had its hair washed. 2. be rius. Katsinam yaw - / akw pWdt kuwantotaqw baptized. Tsiisashoymuy amumi —a. She was bap­ pant sikydngputingwu. It is said that kachinas color tized into a Christian sect, as-n-iwa [wash:hair-CAUStheir piki with saffron so that it becomes yellow. -PASSl [Sp as^rdn] a s o n (paus. dsoni, —0 odv. 1. at some indefinite asi- comb, of aasi(k-). [sneeze-1 time later, eventually, in due course, by and by. -’asi-, -’a s|i ( - y a ) vi.p. comb, of aasi. [-wash: A: Tuma’I. B: ^ (. A; Let’s go. B: L ater.------hair] nu’ tapkiqw uumi ydrikni. I’ll see you later in the asilviki glue, paste. Pew mit ~>ttdvVi, Hand early evening. — Pay um qa aw hingqawlawni; that glue to me. asil-viki [(?)-piki] Var. apUviki. pay - son qa pdhikni. Don’t say anything to him; asisi|ta(~tota) vi.i. be sneezing. Haknuy haqam he will probably eventually calm down (from his anger). — A: Ya hintiqw pas qa yokva? B: Hep y u ’a ’ataqw oovi nu' ^ta . Someone’s talking about owl, pay - son qa yokvani. A: Why hasn’t it me somewhere, that’s why I’m sneezing. ashShta [sneeze-RDP-REP] rained? B: Yes, it is bound to rain eventually. — asisiyku ( —ya) vi.p. sneeze repeatedly, start Pay nu’ -- qa Hiita hintsakye’ awpeenani. In due course, when I have nothing to do. I’ll write to sneezing. S u ’aw kuynat Just as she poured for him, she started sneezing, ashsi-yku [sneeze-RDP- him. 2. (with pu* in future tense, or p i with -REP(PF)1 habitual tense) after, afterwards, after that, subse­ askwal adv. (fem.spkr.) thankfully, gratefully quently, at a specified time later. (Jutotsiy um oyat pu* - paamiq pdkini. Take off your shoes, then acknowledging. P u’ uma ~ itamumi unangwtatve. Thankfully you have helped us. — Pay um — after that go into the water. — ^ n u ’ lootok suuput kur piw kiva. You have thankfully brought talavay pu* kawayheptoni. 1 will wait to go look for the horses in the morning two days from now. exactly the right ones. — Noqw ~ piw um nakw------ p i hak postal ang uyngwu. One should hoe, haqe oovi angqw inungfa. And thankfully you have consented, that’s why you have followed me. — then plant. 3. (with pas) unless. Um hapi qa aw Pay “ pi ung iisaw tuptsiwa. It’s good that the hingqawni, pas —ung tuuvingtaqw; pu ’ um aa ’awnani. Don’t say anything to him unless he asks coyote believed you. — — p i um angqaqw. I’m you; then you can tell him. grateful that you came. — Is uni, askwdal. How nice, thank you. a s o n ’awuo^fv. a little bit later, after a bit. A: N u’ askwal- comb, of askwalf. [thank:you(FS)-l qa pay aqw itdakway tuutsamtoni? B: askwall (comb, askwal-) interj. (fem.spkr.) thank A: Shouldn’t I go right now and invite our grand­ father to eat (with us)? B: A little bit later, asonyou (woman speaking). Tiyo soy engem taptuniy - ’aw-d [later-ATTEN-PS] kwusivaqw so ‘at aw, kita. When the boy brought the rabbit kill for his grandmother, ‘’Thank asoni, asonf adv. paus. of ason. dson-i [later-PS] you,” she said to him. — —, n u ’ wuuhaq sipdl- aspi part, should, would (expresses obligation, tsakwna. Thank goodness, I got a lot of peaches propriety, or what is to be hoped for). Pam taaqa dried (for storage). — /y —, askwdal. Oh thank - timuy amungem uynikyangw qa pdnti. That man you, thank you. — um pitu. Thank you for should have been the one to plant (corn) for his coming, (woman’s response to man coming home children but he didn’t . ------ hiita kwangwasowa. from work) Cf. masc.spkr. kwakwhd. I should go ahead and eat something enjoyable askwaliy n.sg.acc. (fem.spkr.) one’s expressions (instead of denying m yself).------- qaavo yan piw kosngwalni. I wish that it could be as cool again of thankfulness. Puma naamom - qa pevewma. tomorrow as it is today. The grandparent-grandchild set kept exchanging their thanks, askwali-y [thank:you(FS)-ACC] astikive n.sg. on the day following astotokya. askwal Ilawu ( '-'lalwa) vi.des.i. (fem.spkr.) be Mamrawt ~ ’yyungwa. The members of the Maraw society are celebrating the day after their ceremo­ thanking. Suposvalmunkyangwamumi '^lawu. She nial initiation, as-tiki-ve [wash:hair-dance:day-PCT] was thanking them with tears running down. askwal-lawu [thank:you(FS)-CONT] astotokjya (postp. —pe, —nii(q), —ngaqw) askwMjta (~ to ta ) vi.des.p. (fem.spkr.) thank. n.sg. hair-washing eve, hair-washing day of an initiation. Yaw puma —yay dapiy p u ' noononganNu’ itdakyay engem ep kuuyi’yvaqw pas qa ngaslalwangwu. Following the day of their hair-washing ’ew inumi —ta. When I brought water (from the they (Mamrawt) keep coming out to dance. — Pu ’ spring) for our paternal aunt she didn’t even thank itam antsa itda’—yay aqw old. And we reached me. askwdl-ta [thank:you(FS)-CAUSl asna (~ y a ) vt.p. 1. wash another’s hair. Momo- our hair-washing eve day of initiation. — P u’ Wuwtsimuy ep kur natngatniqw hakim -'pe miyam m d’wiy '^yaqw p u ’ pam nima. When the hikqw sutsvoq. wat watqangwu. Then at the time of women washed the bride’s hair, then she went Wuwtsim, when they were going to have an home. 2. ceremonially wash. (pi. only) Tsuutsu’tuy initiation, people used to move to the other side [of —ya. They bathed the snakes. 3. (pi. only) bap­ the village] on the night of hair-washing eve tize. Tsiisasinom put —ya. The Christians baptized (because the esoteric ritual in the kiva on the her. as-na [wash:hair-CAUS] itam kaneelot asnama (~ y a ) vt.p. have been to wash another’s vacant side required it). — niinayani. We’ll kill the sheep in preparation for hair. Puma tiposit ~yaqe bin pi tdngwaya. They hair-washing eve.------ngaqwhaqam nu ’ kwaayaqhave been to wash the baby’s hair [but] I don’t know what they named it. as-na-ma [wash:hair- mokiwtat p u ’ hihin qalaptsiwma. Since about the time of the initiation hair-washing I’ve had a cold, -CAUS-POSTG] asna I to ('-w isa) vt.i. go to wash another’s hair. but now I’m feeling a little better, as-totokya [wash: hair-Ceremony:evel Tiposit kya’at su ’its talavay put '^to. The infant’s paternal aunt went to wash his hair early in the Aswungwa n.sg. Mustard clan member, as-wu-

atkya(q) ngwa [tansy;mustard-Clan:member(SG)] Cf. pi. As­ ngyam. a s y a 1 (aa’asyam) n. sparrow, house sparrow, or any sparrow-like bird. Hisattotimhdoyamldngtaqay akw aa*asyamuy maqnumyangwu. In the past, young boys used to hunt sparrows with their slingshots. a s y a 2 vi.p. pi. of aasi: 1. wash the hair. 2. un­ dergo a rite of passage marked by ceremonial hair-washing, as-ya [wash:halr-PLl a s y u k u ( - y a ) vi.p. finish washing the hair. Um naat qa Nu’ as tuwat asni. Haven’t you fin­ ished washing your hair yet? I want to take my turn at it. — Uma —y e ’ iipo taavit aw nongakqw umuuhdmi lakni. When you finish washing your hair, go out into the sunshine so your hair will dry. as-yuku [wash:hair-finish] a s y u k im a (~ y a ) vt.p. finish washing another’s hair. Nu’ put —t p u ’ tungwa. I named him when I finished washing his hair, as-yuku-na [wash:hair-finish-CAUSl - ’a t (-mat; acc. -yat [when possessor is different from clause subject] or -y [when possesspr * clause subject]; paus. - a ) p o s s .^ . 3rd person singular possessive suffix (for nominative case), 1.e., his, her, its. Taaqa tiy aw hiita tutaplawqw ti— put angva ’yta. When the man was advising his child about something, his child went along with him. — Pam unay warani—a. That is your fa­ ther’s saved item. — Kanelmuy naqvuyamuy ep Iddpwat pdrokiwyungqw pam hapi itdatahay tuvoyla - a . If the sheep have their ears pierced side by side (twice), that is the identification mark of our uncle. Cf. -*am, their; i-, my; i t ^ - , ita-, our; iku-, U U -, U - , your (sg.); umiku-, umu-, your (dl./pl.). atkya(q) (atkye’ (~ q e ) or ( —vaqe), —mi(q), ~qw ) postp.sg. 1. down, down there, down below. Ya sen pay pas antsa hisat ~ yeese? I wonder if long ago [people] really lived down there. — Hopikikit aatavang ~ tutskwat ang a 'ni wusqolo. To the southwest of the Hopi villages, on land below,. there is a lot of purple hair grass. — Kdoninam Ongtupqat pas ~ q td’yyungngwu. The Havasupais live down below (downstream) in the Grand Canyon. — Pay pi as itam ~qsa aniwti. We were all created down below. — Tsoy awdwyat wuupatpelmoq tuuvaqw pam teeveptiqw p u ' ~haq yeeva. When the child threw a stone down a steep cliff it was a long time before it hit way down below. — Taaqa tupqat ~ qe wayma. The man walked along the bottom of the canyon. — ~miq taatayi’i. Look down below. — Tomo' tuusungw'iwtaqw ~ miq pdhu pas uruhu’u. When it freezes in the winter the path downhill is danger­ ous (because one could fall). — Nu' oongaqw qotdngaqw ~m iq ung ang aawinmani. I will describe you (things) on him from the head on down. — Pdasat p u ' yaw kwaatsi'at pisatvelat ~miq'a. Then his friend went down the sand slope. — ~miqhaqami a'ni hotsi. There’s an opening going deep down. — Paapu um qa ~ miqmantani. Don’t go down to the lower area any more / Quit going down to the lower area. — - qwpaangaqw kuy 'a 'oyyangwu. They bring water from the spring down below. — Itam ~ q w pew nonga. We came here from down below (in the underworld).------qwpu'tsiyakiwta. It’s sprouting out from down below now. — Orayve patn(g)ingaqw paahu ~ haqaqwningwu. In Oraibi the spring water is usually far down in (for reaching). 2. low, lower. Taawa ~ 'a. The sun is low. — Taawa -h a q 'a ; pas pay pdkini. The sun is way down, it’s about to go out of sight. — Um pas -haqam qatu. You’re sitting too low. — S u s '- q -

atkya’iwma nliqat saqlietat ep wunuwta. He was standing on the lowest rung of the ladder. — Pu ’ yaw antsa tapkiqw pay taawat -q n iq w pdasat p u ' yaw pam s o ’at p u ’ yaw piw ydmakma. And when late afternoon came, when the sun was quite low, then his grandmother went out again. — Um hihin atkye* peenani. Write it a little lower. — - q e itama tuutuyaya. My lower teeth are hurting. — Uma pas -haqe* yeese. You (pi.) are sitting too low. — Ason taawa - mi pituqwpu ’ uma ninmani. Later, when the sun gets to a low point (in the sky), then you can go home. — Nuwu pay pas —miq taawa pitu. Even now the sun has reached a very low point (and we haven’t done anything). 3. (with pronominal prefix) below, lower than. Pep puma atvilpe naanami Sldiqe naanami hiita yu ’a ’atotaqw paysoq amdu ’ — kur piw hakim looydm piw tuwat hiita naami y u ’a ’ata. Then when they met each other on the slope there they were talking together about things and just below them there were two people talking together. — in u u —. at a point below me — Itanay d a ’- y a . They’re [going along] below our father. — N u’ pumuy amdu*atkye* wayma. I’m walking below where they are. — A a ’—mi dya’a. Put them down below it. 4. the southwest direction, i.e., downslope from the Hopi villages, ham —haq paasa’yyungwa. We have a field way down below (in the southwesterly direc­ tion). — Hak talavay nost pay hak pdasat nakwsungwu, pay naap haqamiwat, hoopoq sen kwiniwiq sen -m iw at. Right after eating in the morning one can start out whichever direction (you want), maybe toward the northeast, maybe the northwest or maybe down below (to the southwest).------ qw yooyangw hdyta. The rain is moving (here) from down below (in the southwest). 5. (met., dif.) low in pitch (re voice). Um atkye* tawmani. You’re singing along in a deep voice. atkya(-q) [down(-EX)] Cf. distr. a a ’atkya(q). atkya’iwjma (-w is a ) vi.i. be getting lower. Taawi suutsepngwat - m a . (The singing of) the song is gradually getting deeper (in voice), atkya- ’iw-ma [down-ST-PROG] atkyami’y {ta vi.i.sg. for there to be a descending place or area, a place that steps down, where the elevation is lower, step, hole, downward slope. An­ tsa yaw tuhavi pay kiy angqw put aawinta, haqam -taqw , p u ’haqam piw haqamiwat nakwsuniniqw. And so the paraplegic was telling him (blind person) from his house where the places to step down were and where he’d have to turn in a certain direction. — Hak haqam —taqat aw p ile’ hak aw pdngqawu, “Atkyami ’." When you get to a place with a step-down you tell him (the blind­ folded person), “Go down.” atkya-mi-’y -ta [down-DES-POSS-DUR] Cf. distr. aa*atkyami*yta, atkyaqw postp. downward, referring to part of a song, the other part being oomi, upward. A song goes “downward” twice, then “upward” twice, and finally “downward” one last time. (For a full description of song structure, see katsintawi.) Taa, piw naat - n i. All right, now it’s downward again. atkya-qw [down-ABL] atkyaqwngwa(’at) n.sg. its downward part, referring to part of a song, the other part being omiwa’at, its upward part. (For a full description of song structure, see ^tsin taw i.) —*at aapiy pay poyo ’ytaqat akw kuyna. The downward part of the song started right off with the “knife” hand ges­ ture. atkya-qw-ngwa-’at [down-ABL-ABSTR-3P] atkyaqwtama n.sg. lower teeth, bottom teeth. Hakiy havlitsdngwtiqw — ’at susmataqtingwu. Your lower teeth become visible when you yawn, atkya-qw-tama [down-ABL-tooth] Syn. atkyavaqetama. atkyajti ( —toti) vi.p. become lower. Pay taawa

37

(a)tpip(aq)

- d . The sun has become lower (in the afternoon [bottom-get:bent:around] Cf. ovaqehani, card with sky). — P u’ tUupevu koysongaqw ^tiq w p u ’ number six (bent at the top). suukya aqw pdkingwu. One goes into the pit oven (a)tpik|lawu (-la lw a ) vp.i. 1. keep getting when the baked sweet com becomes lower in it ahead of. Puma naatupkom pep kiitukwlawqw tsay(and out of reach from the top), atkya-ti [down-R] H«z paavay atpiklawu. The two brothers are build­ atkyavaqetama n.sg. lower teeth, bottom teeth. ing a house and the younger brother keeps getting atkya-va-q-e-tama [down-DIF-EX-DlF-tooth] Syn. atahead of his older brother. 2. keep outdoing, sur­ kyaqwtama. passing. Nuy it tihut as lomayukuqw pay um piw atkyavi ( —t) n. person who lives below, at a in u —lawu. I did make this kachina doll nicely, but you’re surpassing me again. 3. keep doing it right lower elevation, - t pay tiikive’yyiingqe ngaspi before another, keep beating to the punch, butting mongvastoti. The people who live below already in on. Naat sdukyawa y u ’a ’ataqw pay piw m i’wa had their dance and are lucky that they’re all aydngqw a —lawngwu. While one of them was still through. — Kiqdtsmovit pi Orayvituy amumi —t. talking that other one (from the audience) kept The people of Kykotsmovi are the ones who live butting in on him. — Kur n u ’ hin hiita kwabelow the people of Oraibi. atkya-vi [down-NR] atky|e’ (extr. -'aqe) postp. along or in an area ngwayu’a ’atani; um soq in u -la w u . I can’t really keep up a good conversation because you keep but­ down below, atky-e’ [down-DIF] See atkya(q). in on me. a-tpi-k-lawu [3P-below/ahead:of-DIFatkye’ I ti (-'to ti) vi.p. become low, get lowered ting -CONT] along a linear plane. Nu’ ilestaviy atkyami siromnaqw oovi p u ’ —toti. I have moved my beams (a)tpik|ta(-tota) vp.p. l. get ahead of, go past. ham aydngqw naama warikqw n u ’ put a - ta . down so now they have become lower, atky-e’-ti When we ran from there together, 1 got ahead of [down-DlF-R] him. 2. outdo, outperform, surpass. Tsuku taawiy atok- comb, of atoko. [crane-] p a sn d ’daqepansungway a - t a . With atokkukun.s’g. crane tracks, or their representa­ akwsinmuy his song, the clown made the people laugh the tion. Meh, yang — p e ’yta. Look, there are crane most, and so he outdid his partner. — Imuy tracks marked along here, atok-kuku [crane-tracks] taaha’am pas in u - ta . These [children’s] maternal Atokngyam n.p/. Crane clan membership. (Now uncle outdid me. 3. beat to, do it before another merged with the Kyelngyam, the Sparrow Hawk has the chance. Pam as naato yaw pumuyniniqw clan, no longer having a separate clan identity.) pay pam a - t a . He was going to sponsor them yet, atok-ngya-m [crane-Clan:member(PL)-NSGl Cf. Sg. but he (another) beat him to it. — Naat n u ’ as put Atok.wungwa. dmdmtiniqw pay um in u -ta q e dmumti. I was atoko (a’atokt; comb, atok-) n. crane or any other going to marry her but you beat me to it and long-legged wading bird that migrates south for the married her. — ham as Leenangwvami qahavit winter through Hopi areas. Kyelngyam - t enang yukutoqw pay kur hak ita m u -ta q e sdosok tsdaqa. naatoyla’yyungwa. The Sparrow Hawk clan also We went to Flute Spring to get willow but some­ uses the crane as a clan symbol. one evidently beat us to it, because he had chopped Atok.wungwa n.sg. Crane clan member, atok- everything down, a-tpi-k-ta [3P-below/ahead:of-DlF-wungwa [crane-Clan:member(SG)l Cf. pi. Atok-CAUS] Syn. 2.t 3. (a)kpeta. ngyam. (a)tpikti Ima (-wisa) vp.i. 1. be getting ahead ato’- comb, of ato*6. [cape-] of. Kawayhoya yuy amum wdrUdwme’ pam put ato’ I hoya ( -'hdoya) n. small cape. / ’ suukya pay a-m angw u. When a colt is running with its mother, it keeps getting out in front of her (from pas -h o ya . This is the only cape that is quite time to time) going along. 2. be outdoing, outper­ small, ato’-hoya [cape-DlM] forming, surpassing. Pam sutsep in u -m a . He is ato’o (comb. (-’)ato*-) n.sg. a always outperforming me. 3. be interrupting, traditional cape, woven of butting in on. Pas as naat itam yu ’a ’atotaqw pam white cotton, with wide black itam u—ma. We were still talking when she kept and red borders, used princi­ butting in on us. a-tpi-k-t-ima [3P-below/ahead:of-DlFpally by women in formal -CAUS-PROG] rituals. Mamrawt - t uskyda( a ) tp i|p ( a q ) (- 'k ( y a q e ) , ~po(q), -p a q w ,p a u s. kyangw tiivangwu. The mem­ pet. -p*o) postp. 1. beneath, under, immediately bers of the Maraw society in front of, at the foot of. Taaqa hotskit a - p wear traditional capes when they dance. — Hahaykisvuts’iwtaqat ep qatuwkyangw naasungwni’yta. ’imana —t ustangwu. The Hahay’i Maiden kachina While sitting in the shade beneath a juniper tree, wears the traditional cape. — Nu’pay i*atb*sakwiy the man is taking a rest. — Aydm oove wuko ’wa usmani. I’ll wrap myself in my worn old cape, ato’usjta (-y u n g w a) vn.i. be wearing a cape. sumataq angqw sirokto; itam kur put a —pya oovi itam watqani. Up above there a boulder looks like Katsinmana pas kwangw’ewakw —ta. The kachina it’s about to slide down; we apparently are right maiden is wearing a new-looking cape, ato’-us-ta below it, so we’d better get out of here. — Yaap [c^-Coverlng-DURJ atolkuyi (comb, atolkuy-) n.sg. person with a in u —p sowi tsukuniwtaqw n u ’ aw dmuknakyangw kwangwamu’a. A distance below me a jackrabbit snotty nose. Uuyaqaspiy hoona’a; um himu - . was on its haunches and as I shot at it I sure hit it Wipe your nose; you’re snotty-nosed. — Himuwa beautifully. — In u —po panaya. They put him tsay —ningwu. Any one of the children will be ahead of me. — Pam himu pdoko u - p qatu? snotty-nosed. ard/-/:uy/[(?)-manifest]Syn. yaqaspiruWhat kind of dog is that one sitting at your foot? ki. atolkuy I ta ( —yungwa) vi.i. have snot hanging — Paysoq amu - p tsukuniwta. It was sitting on its haunches right below them. — Yan yaw hlngqawout of the nose. Tawvaya himu okiw —ta. Poor kyangw am u —paq a ’ni hiinuma. It was going Tawvaya has snot hanging out of his nose. atSlkuyaround spiritedly under them making these sounds. -ta [snotty:nose-DUR] — Ya himu it owat a —pahaq hintsaki? What is atoqa- comb, of &atdqa(*at). [bottom-] doing something somewhere underneath this rock? atoqaharu n.sg. playing card with the number — A: Haqam tatsi? B: U - p a q ’a. A: Where’s the nine. Nanavo’p i naaldqmuy - ’yta. The playing ball? B: It’s under you. — Pas tsuu’a s u ’i n u - cards have four nines. — Um —t ihimuy pani’yta. paq. The rattlesnake was right under me. — You have my nine in your hand, atoqa-haru Paysoq in u —k loldqangw wiisiwta. A bullsnake

atsa was Stretched out right beneath me. — Tsaatsayom a 'ni tuupelat a ~ k waywiskyangw tdqtotiqw pavan tona’am paaldngawti. While the children walked along the foot of a precipitous wall, their voices echoed loudly when they shouted. — Paysoq in u -'k iti hdytinumqw nu’ qa tuwa. My child was crawling along right beneath me and I didn’t see her. — Momoyam tdataqtuy am u—k ngasta yuwsi'ykydakyangw hoongi. The women were standing naked in front of the men (along a line in front). — Paysoq n u ’ a m u —k wari. I ran by right in front of them. — Pep put hotskit a —khaqe' qaatsi. It’s lying somewhere under that juniper tree there. — Taavi waayaqe owat putsqat a —kyaqe paki. When the cottontail ran away it went directly beneath a flat rock. — It yep owat a —kyaqe naamiq hotsi. There’s an opening from one side to the other underneath this rock. — Hak yaw oovi yooyokqw qa hotskit a —po waayangwu. So when it rains one should not run away (seek shelter) under a juniper tree. — Paysoq in u —po pdosi. It dropped down right beneath me. — Oovi nu’ paniqw it um u —po wikva. That’s the reason I have brought this (person) before you. — Kur puvUwpit a —poq maakwutsi’i. Reach with your arms under­ neath the bed. — Pangsoq yaw u m u —poq pay pam y u ’am. Their mother was going out toward a place ahead of you. — Taavot tsotso’timaqat hotskit s u ’a - p o q m u’a. He shot the cottontail rabbit hopping along just as it got directly under­ neath the juniper tree. — Taavo sivaptsokit a — paqw tso ’dmtit waaya. After the cottontail jumped from underneath the rabbitbrush, it ran away. — Uutotsiy a —paqw m u ’aapi iitsiwta. A nail is sticking out from underneath your shoe. — Ya himu ipuvuwpiy a —pahaqaqw hintsaki? What is something doing under my bed? 2. {dif.) of the following generation. Okiw hiitu unmutimu qa hiita navotit pasiwkydakyangw um u—k yang nawawalalwa. Your poor children, devoid of traditional knowledge, are going along here (in life) as your younger generation complaining (because they have no answers). — Ima hakim inu—k naat tsaatsa­ yom. These people are still of a younger generation than I am. 3. (abl.) born from (a woman). I n u - paqw wungwiwtaqam pay sdosoyam nodmatota. Those that were born from me (my children) all got married. 4. (met., dif.) right out from under, to one’s loss or bereavement. Iwuuti kur in u —k pay piw naa ’uu ’uyt haqami hakiy taaqat aw kuyvato. My wife apparently has stolen herself away right out from under me again; she’s gone to see some man somewhere. — Qa hak paapu as yep itam u—k pangsoqhaqami unangwa’ytaniqat pay yanhaqam hak sopkyawatuy sinmuy amungem qatsituvingtangwu. That no one should wish for death to our bereavement is what one prays for, for all people. 5. {dif, with hintsak-) interfering, underfoot literally or figuratively. Pam sutsep i n u - k hiita hintsakma. He always does something to hinder my efforts. — Qa inu - k hintsaknuma ’a. Don’t go around getting in my way. a-tpi-p(-aq) [3P-bclow/ahead:of-PCT(-EX)] Cf. pi. aa’atpik(yaqe). idSSiadj./n. 1. {n., a’tsa) lie, falsehood. Taaqa —y akw a ’ni naamongvasna. The man benefits himself greatly by his lies. — N u’ uu’ —y uumi navoti’yta. I know you can lie. — Pam a ’tsat aawinta. He’s telling her falsehoods. 2. {n., with intensifier, a’tsat) liar, misinformer. Pam taaqa kur a ’ni —. That man is apparently a liar. — N u’ a ’ni dtsaniiqat inumi lavayti. He told me that I was a liar. — Itam Hoplit qa pas Pahanmuy an a*ni a*tsat. We Hopis are not liars as much as the Anglos are. — Nu’an h in ’ur a^tsat. They’re such liars. 3. {neg.) the truth, s.th. serious, factual, honest. It n u ’ uumi lalvayqw i ’ hapi pas qa —. What I told you is the

atsatotoyna

38

truth. — Pam sutsep hiita qa a *tsat yu ’a ’atangwu. He’s always saying things that are true. Syn.

1. atsalvayi.

atsa’y | ma (~wisa)

vn.i. 1. go along pretending, feigning. Pam pay —ma. He’s just going along pretending (as in not really trying to win in race; is letting the other win). 2. (neg.) go along very determinedly. Pay yaw pu ’yuy engem ngUmantaniniqe oovi awhaqami pas qa —ma. It is said that she was going along over there very determinedly because she was to be grinding for her mother. atsa- ’y-ma [felse-POSS-PROGJ atsa’yjta ( —yungwa) vn.i. 1. be pretending, feigning, claiming falsely. Puw-kyangw pang wd’okiwta. He’s lying there pretending to be asleep. — Pep yaw hak hiita hhuyaqat pay yan pam —kyangw pangso pan tsa’lawngwu. That there is someone selling something there is what he uses as a pretext in making a public announcement to have people go there. — Pam kivaminiiqey —kyangw p u ’ yaw ydmakma. He went out (of the house) faking it that he was going to the kiva. 2. {neg.) be really trying, seriously intent, earnest. Nu’ pas qa - ta , it suukw tungwnit su ’an tungwaniqey. I’m really trying hard at pronouncing this one name just right. — N u’ qa —ta, pentaqe. I am really (serious in) trying to write. — Um pas qa - ta , it tuwi’yvaniqey? Are you really (serious) in trying to learn this? — Pu ’ yaw as okiw puma amumiq qa —yungwa; susmataq pi yaw kwiikwitsi. They were trying to tell them in earnest, (for) it was clear that there was a lot of smoke going up. — Pam pas qa —ta, pumuy aw unangwa’ytaqey. He is not hiding his affections for them (is “really serious in show­ ing affection”), atsa-’y-ta [false-POSS-DURJ atsahepnumI a ('-ya) vt.i. be pretending to search for. Pang put - a . He was pretending to search for it along there, atsa-hep-numa [feise-seek-

cross (Christian church) that’s looking scornfully at us just because it has dominated all things around, (excerpt from a Buffalo dance song created by Chief Tawaquaptewa of Oraibi in the early 1900’s) atsa| nayawi ( —nanaywa) vi.i. be pretending to be fighting. Um pay qa hin itamumi wuuwantani; itam pay —nanaywa. Don’t be concerned about us; we’re just pretending to be fighting, atsa-nayawi [false-fight] atsanayawva ( —ya) vi.p. begin fighting in pretense. Puma as pay mdoti - t p u ’ pay pas qa atsata. At first they began fighting in pretense (for fun); then they got serious, atsa-nayaw-va [false-fight-INGRl

atsangki

( —ya) vt.p. comer into admitting lies. Itam kur put —ni. Let’s corner him into admitting his lies, atsa-ngki [fiilse-Catch:up] atsangki’y I ta (-y u n g w a) vt.i. have cornered into admitting lies. N u’ put - ta . I’ve got him cornered into admitting his lies, ats-ngki-’y-ta [false-Catch:up-POSS-DUR] atsanoopiki n.sg. a baked souffle made with beaten eggs, blue corn flour, and baking powder. Hisat nohu ruurumqw Hopiit —t yukuye’ put akw nohuy yaaptotangwu. Lon^ ago when eggs were scarce, Hopis made atsanoopiki in order to make their eggs go farther. atsa-nSo-piki [false-egg-piki] Syn. sakwanoopiki. atsaqa | tuwa(—tutwa; —tuwaa-q-) vt.p. pretend not to see, find. Um pisoqnen pay itamuy -tuw ani. You should pretend not to see us when you’re busy. — Nuy —tuwdaqe inuqle’ yuumosa. He pretended not to see me, and walked right past me. atsa-qa-tuwa [false-not-find] Syn. nawipqatuwa. atsat, qa - adv. really. Um pas - - niinani. You kill it for real. — Pas nu’ - - aw hdaldyti. I extended my gratitude to her wholeheartedly, qa atsat [not false-ACC] -CIRCG] a t s a j t a ( —tota) vn.p. 1. lie (about), misinform; atsahikj 0 ( —wya; comb, - v / - ) vi./vt.p. pretend {neg.) tell the tmth (about). Pam pdsaalat nuy to drink. Pas qa tuuqayqw p u ’ n u ’ oovi angqw mdqaniqey inumi pdngqawt p u ’ qa pdntiqe a ’ni —o. He was quite insistent, so I pretended to —ta. He told me he was going to give me a drink from it. atsa-hiko [felse-drink] blanket, but since he didn’t do it, he had lied. — atsakyaktay | i (*-ya) vi.i. be pretending to be in Pam pasldwqey - ta . He lied saying he was a hurry. Pam itamumi qa huruutiniqe oovi yang hoeing. — N u’ pas qa —ta; pay p u ' odyi. I’m - i . He doesn’t want to stop (to visit with us) telling the truth; I’m full (in eating). 2. {neg.) get that’s why he’s pretending to be in a hurry going determined, resolve to, set one’s mind on. Pdasat by here, atsa-kya-ktayi [false-RDP-hurry] p u ’yaw katsinampas qa -totangwu. At that point atsajlawu ( —lalwa) vn.i. 1. be lying, telling they say the kachinas get earnest (in what they’re falsehoods; {neg.) be telling the truth. Hak ephadoing). — I tana kiildwniqe pas qa -ta q e oovi qam pay nawus hiita hakiy aw —lawngwu. Some­ pam owa’o ’oya. When our father was going to times you have to tell a lie about something to build a house he set his mind to it so he’s bringing someone. — Nu’ kur uumi —lawu, pam siivay in quarried stones. — Um hapi pas qa -tani. posnaqat. I guess I was lying to you that he lost Give it everything you have (don’t hold back his money (by dropping it somewhere). — Taaqa anything), atsa-ta [felse-CAUS] Cf. a ’tsatima, go naalaniikyangw wakastaqat tutskwami tuuvaqey along telling lies; wutsita, make false representa­ pangqdwqe —lawu. The man was telling a lie tion. when he said he threw a bull down on the ground atsatiwj a ( - y a ) vi.p. be told as a lie. Pay kur i ’ while he was by himself. 2. be resolved in one’s itamumi —qw itam tuutuptsiwya. Apparently when efforts, serious in intent. Pu ’ yaw pam pas hisat this was told to us as a lie, we believed it. atsa-tkur qa —Idwqe paapiy p u ’ yaw pam neengem -iwa [false-CAUS-PASS] toslawngwu. And one day she put her mind to it, atsatokva vi.p.pi. pretend to fall asleep, atsaso that from then on she would grind the dried, -tokva [false-fall:asleep(PL)J Cf. sg. atsavuwva. baked sweet corn into flour for herself, atsa-lawu atsatokj ya vi.i.pi. be pretending to sleep. Kivda[false-CONT] Cf. a’tsalawu, be making things up, peq hakiy moqmani’yyiingqe -y a . Since they were lying. lying in wait for someone, they were pretending to atsalvayi n.sg. lie, deliberate misstatement or sleep in the kiva. atsa-tokya [faise-sIeep(PL)] Cf. sg. distortion of fact. Pam —t akw Pahanmuy hiihiita atsavuwi. tuptsiwni’yta. He has the Anglos believing all kinds atsatotoyna (—ya) vnt.i. be attributing a state­ of things by means of his lies, atsa-lvayi [falsement to another falsely. N u’ itupkoy amum pasmi•speech] Syn. atsa. niqw n u ’ aw y u ’a ’atimaqe itanaysa —. When I Atsamali {acc. —y) n.sg. a place in Hopi folk­ went to the field with my younger brother, I was lore, near Oraibi. Oovi dyam —y ep’e, nahoylietsi attributing lies to our father in going along talking itamumi tutsiwmomoki, sampi naala naanan’i ’vo to him. — Sdosok hiita qa lolmat umuy - y a . He’s tuyqavaqe’e. Over there at Atsamali there is a attributing all kinds of bad things to you in lies.

atsatoyna atsa-to-to-yna [false-RDP-CAUS-CAUS] ('-y a ) vnt.p. attribute a statement to another falsely for personal gain, put words in another’s mouth, impute, blame falsely. Pamniikyangw nuy —. Though it was him, he blamed me. — Nu’ ung - , um put yawmaqat. I put the blame on you for taking it. — Nuysa -y a , n u ’put niinaqat nu ’ qa pdntiqd ’. They blamed me alone for killing it when I didn’t do that. — Taaqat naap lavayiyat akw iepewyaqw pam put ep qa pisviwniqe p u ’ pam put hakiywat —. When die man was confronted with his own words he blamed them on another person so that he would not lose his sense of prestige. — Hak hiita qa tuu’-ngw u. You shouldn’t falsely attribute words to others, atsa-to-yna (false-CAUS-CAUS] atsatumoyta vi.i.sg. pretend to be eating. Noqw pu ’ pay yaw pam pdasatniqw pay yaw angqw sukw kwdsduqey dnte ’pu ’ yaw mo ’ay aqw hiisakw pdndaqey ante ’ pu ’ tsangwingwitangwu. Then at that time he was pretending to eat; he would make it look like he took something from [the dish] and put it in his mouth, and then he would show that he was chewing, atsa-tumoy-ta [false-eai-DUR] atsavakmumuy | av/. i.sg. be pretending to weep. Pam pay qa pas pakmumuya; pam pay - a . She’s not really crying, she’s only pretending to weep. atsa-vakmumuya [false-be:weeping(SG)j atsavewat adv. in a false manner, pretendingly. - itsivu’iwma. He is pretending to be getting angry, atsa-vewat [false-in:the:manner] atsavuw|i vi.i.sg. be pretending to sleep. Uma - n i. You (two) should be pretending to sleep. atsa-vuwi [false-sleep(SG)] Cf. pi. atsatokya. Syn. nawipvuwi, navuwi’yta. atsavuwva vi.p.sg. pretend to fall asleep. Pay n u ’ - q w p u ’ puma inuqle’ kwaakwangwtit noonova. When I pretended to fall asleep, then they were eating goodies by me. atsa-vuwva [false-fall:asleep (SG)l Cf. pi. atsatokva. atsayuyuyna ( - y a ) vt.i. be teasing without meaning it, be kidding. N u’ paysoq it - . I’m teasing her for no reason, atsa-yuyuyna [false-bother] atsingawi n.sg. (bot.) blistercress, a plant species with little yellow flowers. Erysimum sp. - pings i’yta. The blistercress has small fine flowers, atsi-ngawi [(?)-Coil] atsivosi n.sg. yellow fruits of the trompillo plant, Solanum elaeagnifolium. - t tsuku tuukwavi’ytangwu. A clown usually has a necklace of trompillo plant fruits, atsi-vosi [(?)-seed] (a)tsini(q) postp. to a place on top of, above. a-ts-mi(-q) [3P-on/above-DES(-EX)] See (a)tsve(q). atsmiviki n.sg. a dumpling-like food made from blue corn flour boiled with wild greens. — sikwit pas amawa'ytangwu. Atsmiviki is a good partner with meat (goes well with meat), a-ts-mi-viki

atsatoyna

[3P-on/above-DES-piki]

(a)tsngaqw postp. above,

o v e r,

f ro m a p la c e o n , o n to p o f, a-ts-ngaqw [3P-on/above-ABL] See

(a )tsv e (q ).

(a)tsva(qe) postp.

a lo n g o r in a n a re a o n , o n to p o f, a b o v e , o v e r; a fte r. a-ts-va(-q-e) [3P-on/above-DIF(-EX-DIF)]

atu’ini

39

See

( a ) ts v e ( q ) .

(a)ts| ve(q) (-v a (q e ),

-m i(q ), -ngaqw ) 1. on, on top of. Tsiro hotskit a - v e tsokiwta. The bird is perched on [a branch up in] the juniper tree. — Tootovi a - v e qatuptu. The fly landed on him. — Pam in u - v e tsokiwkyangw nuy wuvalawqw n u ’ kur hintini. He was hitting me while sitting on me and I didn’t know what to do. — iipaq itupko puwqw a —va tootovi waynuma. When my younger brother was asleep outside, a fly was walking on him. — Um pas pep a —vasa lewita.

You’re painting on the same place over and over. — Son pi n u ’ u - v a tsoordlte’ ung qa niinani. If I lie down on you, I will probably kill you (with my weight). — Oovi itamu —va piw^iikw pdsaalat puhukna. So she spread another blanket on us. — A: Haqami n u ’ tdvini? B: Leenat a —m i’i. A: Where should I put it? B: On top of the piano. — Nu’ yang kisvutsit ang kwangwawa’dkqw pay himu su ’inu—mi pdosi. As I stretched out nicely in this shade, something fell right on me. — Tutsvo pangqaqw tuukwit a -n g a q w atkyamiq masay ang tso ’tima. The rock wren went hopping down along its feathers (that had been plucked and were sticking out from the crack) from the top of the rock cliff to the bottom, (from a story) 2. {extr.) on (the very) lop of, on the topmost point of. Kur put lestavit mumamataqat a —veq wunuptutuwanta’a. Try standing up on top of that rolling log. — Owat a - v e q kanel’dapay mupipitaqat a - v e q qatuwta. He’s sitting on (the) lop of his rolled sheepskin bedding on top of the rock. — Nu’ imoroy a —miq wuuvi. I mounted (climbed on top of) my donkey. — Sii ’inu—miq pdosi. She fell right on top of me. 3. above, over. Poosiy a - v e tsotskomvuningwu. It has dots above its eyes. — Uukwayngyap u - v e kuyaphoya tsoki. Behind you and above you a cup is sitting. — Um kwaahut tuwa su ‘itamu - ve puuyawnumqw? Did you see the eagle when it was flying around right above us? — In u -veq kdokyangw tsokiwta. A spider is sus­ pended above me. — A: Haqami tatsi? B: U—veq’a. A: Where’s the ball? B: Above you. — So ’wuuti hdtsit a —va naahoy kwanawta. An old woman was standing over an opening with legs spread apart. — Hiihiita a -v a q e n u ’ tso’tima. I went along jumping over all kinds of things. — Ason angwusi u - v a puuyawmaqw p u ’ um aw umuknani. When the crow is flying above you, then shoot at it. — Su ’aw yaw oovi puma pumuy amu —vaniqw yaw pam taawiy so ’tapnaqe p u ' horardyku. Just when they were directly above them he ended his song then shook his legs. — Pam uutsit a -v a q e tso’dmti. He jumped over the fence. — N u’ u -v a q e tatsittuuvani. I’ll throw the ball above you. — Taywave p u ’ pay dyiy angqw mo ’ay a - mi pdasavo atkyamiq qddtsaningwu. On the face from his chin up to above his mouth is (painted) white. — Nu’ hotskit atpikyaqe wd’dkiwtaqw in u -m iq tsirdot yesva. When I was lying under a juniper tree the birds alighted above me. — Um mit yungyaput kopatsokit a - ngaqw haayiwtaqat haqam? Where did you get that wicker plaque that’s hanging above the tablita (on the wall)? — Hi'satniqw yaw angqw a -n g a q w himu aqw kuyva. After some time something peered down at him from above him. — Inu-ngaqw kdokyangw hawto. A spider is coming down from above me. — A-ngahaqaqw yaw himu pdosi. From somewhere above something fell down. 4. {dif, temp.) after. Maakiwqat a - v a naaldspu’ taala. It’s four days past the hunt now. — P u ’ pam pituuqat a - v a Honhoya tuwat totoklawu. Then after his arrival, Honhoya in turn sponsored a night dance. — P u’ oovi paniwtiqat a - v a p u ’ pdasat pay qa himu. Since its happening there’s been nothing else. — Yan ura put dqalayakyangw p u ’ a - v a p u ’ itam angqaqw kwUak.ya. Having encouraged him in this manner, then following that we stepped out (on a journey) from there. 5. {pet., met.) on top of, over and above. Puma ung mak’ayatakyangw pu ’puma put a - v e pas qa hin uumi lomalavdyti. They asked you to go hunting, then on top of that they didn’t give you a good word (seem to appreciate it). — Pdasat p u ’ yaw piw a - v e amumi pdngqawu ... Then over and above that he said to them... a-ts-ve(-q) [3P-on/above-

-PCT(-EX)]

atsvew- comb, of atsvewa. [seat-] atsvewa {comb, atsvew-) n.sg. seat,

chair, bench, s.th. to sit or kneel on, stool, pad on the floor. Wuuti Idyavaqvit engem —t n a ’sasta. The woman prepared a seat for the stranger. — Pew —t k(ma’a. Bring the seats here. — Yang — oyi; uma ang yesni. There are seats along here; sit on them, o’ts-ve-wa (3P-on:top-PCT-NR](?) Cf. distr. aa’atsvewa. atsvewpi | hoya( -hooya) n. little seat or cushion for kneeling, little stool, padding. A: Ya haqam —hoya qaatsi? B: Aapave kwiningya tup qaatsi. A: Where is the little stool placed? B: In the inner room, it is placed at the base of the northwest (wall), atsvew-pi-hoya [seat-NR-DIM] atsvew Ita (-yungw a) vt.i. be sitting on, atop. A: Haqam itotsi? B: Um - ta . A: Where are my shoes? B; You’re sitting on them. — Itam pas kyahaktutskwat ep —yungwa. We are sitting on top of rich land (in natural resources), atsvew-ta [seat-DUR] atsvew Ita ( —tota) vi.p. make a place to sit, provide a seat. Ep aw —ta. She placed a seat up to it. — A yd’ engem —tota. They placed a seat over there for her. atsviw-ta [seat-CAUS] atsvewtoyna ( - y a ) vt.p. provide a seat for. Pumuy haqami —. She provided seats for them somewhere. — Put yaw paas —. She carefully provided a seat for him. atsvew-to-yna [seat-CAUS-CAUS] (a)tsviy {paus. - ’o, - o ) postp. because of, on account of, owing to. Itam iyoho’ot a — qa iits pitu. We came late because of the cold. — Yooyangwuy a — itam qa pasmiya. We didn’t go to the field because of the rain. — Pam wuuwantaqw put.sa a — himu su ’anma. He thinks that only because of him things are going right. — Put a a ’ni mongvasya. They’re reaping the benefits because of him. — Hopiit Pahaanat tuhisayat a peehut hiita tumalat ep qa maqsontota. The An­ glo’s ingenuity makes some work easy for the Hopi. — I n u - pam mooki. It died because of me / It’s my fault it died. — Kwakwhdy, n u ’ u — a ’ni mongvasti; um nuy a ’ni p a ’angwa. Thank you, 1 have benefited a great deal because of you; you have helped me a lot. — Um ddwiniqw oovi u itam qa iits pitu. You’re a slowpoke, that’s why on account of you we (two) were late. — Itamuy atsatoyna, itamu - tuutuytiqey. He blamed us for getting sick. — Itam sdosoyam suuvo pdngdlti, pumuy amu - . We all piled into one pile because of them. — Imuy katsinmuy amu — yoknaya. They (clouds) made it rain because of these kachinas. — Piw naat put a —o? Again it’s because of him. — Itse, u - o . Darn it, it’s your fault, a-tsviy [3P-because:of]

a t|u

( —uut) n. head louse. Hak - u t qdtdy ep tuwe ’ nawuspit akw put ayd ’ tsiwngwu. When you find a louse on your head, you brush it away with a comb. — Pumuy qdtdyamuy ang dtdutya. There are lice on their heads. — Um kur —u ’yta; n u ’ ung atumnani. You seem to have head lice; I’ll pick them for you. Cf. tsu’aya, body louse. atuUnj hoya (-hooyam ) n. child with a lot of head lice, —hoyaniikyangw meemewa. Though he’s a child with a lot of head lice, he doesn’t want anyone picking them out. atu~ ’in-hoya [louse-things: on:pIate-DIM] atu I ’ini ( - ’i’int) n. person who has a lot of head lice. Yaw qa hak tsaakwhoyat aw tunatyawtaqw pam okiw — ’ini. They say that since no one is looking after the child, he has lots of head lice. atu-’ini [louse-ihings:on;plate] Syn. (more disdainful) atu’ya. Cf. si’a’ini, person with a lot of nits in the

atu’inta hair. a t u ’i n j t a ( —yungwa) vi.i. be infested with head lice. Urn pas qa asngwuniiqe oovi pu 'sa - ta . You don’t wash your hair, so now it’s infested with lice, atu- 'in-ta [louse-things:on:plate-DUR] a t u ’i n | t i (-'toti) vi.p. become afflicted with head lice. Yep hak naahare’ —tingwu. If you scratch yourself here, you become afflicted with head lice. atu- 'in-ti [louse-lhings:on:plate-Rl a t u ’y a o r a t u ’y a n.sg. person with a head fiill of lice. / ’ manawya okiw ‘-niqw oovi put aarilaya. This poor little girl has a head full of lice, that’s why they sheared her hair, atu-’y a [louse-sore] Syn. (less disdainful) atu’ini. A tii’y a n.sg. a place near Poqang.wawarpi. A rite was performed there to get rid of lice. Um - t aw napwatatoni. Go to purify yourself at Atu’ya. atu—ya [louse-helper]

atUinin|ta(~tota) vt.i. be picking off head lice, be delousing. Iswuuti tsooviwuy yaw - ta . The coyote woman was delousing the antelope. — Ya uma —ta. Are you delousing each other? atu-m-in-ta [louse-AUG-CAUS-REP] a t u m n a ( - y a ) vt.p. pick lice from the hair, delouse. Tsayhoyat so ’at put - . The child’s grandmother picked lice from his hair, atu-m-na [louse-AUG-CAUS]

a t u m o k i ( —m; comb, -’atumoki) n. (rare) motor­ ized vehicle (car or truck). Nu ’ okiw sakwi*atumo~ kit rooyannuma. Poor me, I am driving around a dilapidated car. [Eng automobile] dtu-mofd [auto-bundle] A tu ta a p a m ta q a /i.jg . Lice Hill, south of Middle Mesa. It is said the place name has reference to a Navajo woman who used to sit on the rocks there picking her head lice and killing them by pounding them, atu-taapam-ta-qa [louse-pound-REP-REL] a t u u t n. head lice; pi. of atu. atuu-t [louse-NSG] a tu w y a (a’atuwyam) n. little louse. Uuqdtdva waynuma. A little louse is going around on your head, atu-wya [louse-DlM] a tv e l- comb, of atvela. [slope-] a t v e l j a (aa’atvela; postp. —pe, ->aq or —pa, —mo(q), —ngaqw; comb, atvel-, -tvela) n. 1. slope. Kaktsintuyqat taavangqbyngaqw pisa w u k o '-a . At the south side of Kachina Points, there is a big sand slope. — A'ni - a ; uukawaymoki son qa mumamdykuni. It’s a steep slope; your sack of watermelons will probably roll. — Uukiqalmo hin —a? How (much) do your eaves slope? — Pas wuuyavo - a . It is a long slope. — Yangqw pdopami - a . From here toward the road it is sloped. — Pangso pi yaw pay kur antsa hihin - a ’yta. There apparently was a little slope down to it. — Pep puma - p e naanami oki. They met there on the slope. — -pehaqam qatuwta. She was sitting down on the slope. — Pam - a q uuyi’yta. He has a field of plants along a slope. — Ya hak a y i' - p a sipal’uyi’y ta? Who has a peach orchard along that slope? — N u’ - p a angqo. 1 came (here) by way of the slope. — Nu’ su ’aw yuk —mo pituqw pay nuy ahoy wangwaya. Just as I got to the slope here she called me back. — -n g a q w aw wupto. He was climbing up to it from the slope. — Taavangqdymiq aa'atvela’yta. It has slopes toward the southwest side. — Pangqw aa’atvelsa. There’s nothing but slopes on that side. 2. (met., with taawa) downward side of the sun’s movement, between noon and late afternoon. Taawat —peniqw itam oki. We arrived when the sun was low (“down the slope”). — Taawa —mo pitu. The sun has arrived at the downward side. a t v e l a w j t a ( —yungv^a) vi.i. be sloped. Pangqw pi pay aw hihin —ta. From there it is somewhat sloped [down] to there, atvela-w-ta [slope-ST-DUR]

40

atvelmoti

vi.p.sg. 1. start going downhill (in a gentle incline). Kareeta —qe qa putuuti. When the wagon started downhill, it became light in weight (for the draught animals). 2. start “sliding” past high noon (of the sun). Pu ’yukhaqami taawa —qw pay hak paas tsaakwiwmangwu. When the sun gets to about here on the slope-side, one slowly begins drooping, atvel-mo-ti [slope-DES-R] atvelpeti vi.p.sg. become down low, down the slope. Ason uma taawat —q w p u ’ umapiw angqwyani. Later when the sun is lower, come back again, atvil-pe-ti [slope-PCT-R] atvel I ta ( - to ta ) vt.p. make an incline. Yukiq paahu tsoykitaniqw oovi n u ’yukiq - ta . I made an incline so the water could spill this way. — N u’ peqw isoy muumaniqe peqw - ta . I want to roll my grandmother down here so I made this incline. atvel-ta [sIope-CAUS] avats* comb, of avatsa. [specklcdrcorn-] avatsa {comb, avats-) n.sg. white and blue speck­ led corn. Taaqa - t a ’ni hodqd. The man har­ vested a lot of speckled com. Syn. hotsok’avatsa. Avatshoya (A’avatshdoyam) n. a kachina. avats-hoya [speckled:corn-DlM] avatsmansi n.sg. (bot.) pensiemon, a common plant with many small flowers traditionally used for adornment, Penstemon ambiguus. - s i’y vaqw pu’ kaway’uyis so ’tingwu. When the penstemon flow­ ers, then the end of the watermelon planting period comes. avats-man’Si [speckled:corn-inaiden-flower] avats.si n.sg. a flower species; possibly the same as avatsmansi (penstemon). avats-si [speckledrcorn-flower] avatsviki n.sg. varicolored piki. Katsinamsa - t yukuyangwu. Only the kachinas make the varicol­ ored piki. avats-viki [speckled:corn-piki] avu-, -’avu (-’a - ) adj. comb, of aavu. [-rotten] avuqa’6 n.sg. decayed corn. ~ pay qa hiita aw apitingwu. Decayed corn is not used for anything. avu-qa ’6 [rotten-Corn] a v u j t a m a {distr. -^tatma) n.sg. decayed tooth, cavity. Um kyentisonaniiqe oovi -tam a. You’re a candy lover, that’s why you have decayed teeth. avU’tama [rotten-tooth] aw(/?flwj. —*i, - V ) postp. destinative postposition: to, towards, (to) there, until, to 3P sg. 1. (spatial) Taaqa paasat angqw kiy — nima. The man went home to his house from the field. — A: Ya haqam uundma? B: Pay yuy - moosay wiiki. A: Where is your wife? B: She took her cat to her mother’s. — Um pas — hoyoknani. Move it really close to it. — Owat - inpiy tdatsikna. He leaned the shovel against the rock. — N u’ imurikhoy tsukutotoynaqat - qatu. I’m sitting up to the one that’s sharpening my throwing stick. — Puma haqami hdytaqey - hdykyala. They were nearing the place they were going to. — Tootim - sutsep mihikqw sasqaya. The young men go there regularly at nightfall. — A: Turn Homol’omi’i. B: - yaavo’o. A: Let’s go to Winslow. B: It’s far away. — P u’ puma kiisonmi dkye’ p u ’ puma - toqtotingwu. When they arrive then in the plaza, there they give their characteristic calls.----- - ahoy tsdkya’a. Put it back on top of it. la . predicate usage: go, go to, move toward. Um qa pas qoohit - n i. Don’t go (don’t get too close) to the fire. — A: Ya tsaatsayomhaqamiya? B: Puma soy —ya. A: Where have the children gone? B: They went to their grand­ mother’s. — Pam yaw Nuvatukya’ove siplawniqe oovi - ’i. They say he went to Flagstaff to work as a silversmith. 2. (recipient of the action of the verb) Maana tumayat - sawiwita. The maiden is whispering to her suitor. — “Ta’d," yaw maana kita. “All right,” said the maiden to him.

-a w — “Noqw um kur hak piw pephaqam, ” yaw kita. “And (I discovered) you, whoever you are, were around there,” she said to him. 3. (temp., often with pitu “arrive” and its derivatives) Ta’d, hisat hapi umuy asnayaniqat - pituqw sen itam —haqami umuy heptoni. All right, when it comes to the time where they will wash your hair (as a symbolic gesture for marriage), we will perhaps go there and look for you. — Mardwtitso’a; Tsuutsu’tuy - pitu. The Maraw ritual has ended; it is [now] the turn of the Tsu’ society initiates. — Itdatikivey — pituto. Our dance is approaching. — Ya itam Msatniqw - pitsina? At what time did we start with it? — Nu ’ Powamuyat - tihulawmantani. I will be carving kachina dolls from now till Powamuya. — Pay sumataq pas pay - pituni. I think it’s almost time for it (for the spectacle to get under way). — A: Itam noonovani. B: Ya pay piw - pitu? A: We are going to eat. B: Is it time again for that? — P u’ i ’ paatuwaqatsi sdosoy kwalaldykuni; - pu ’ pay i ’ qatsi so ’tini. Then the whole ocean will start boiling; then this life will come to an end. (prophecy) — Pdasat p u ’ yaw pam itananiqa it hiita qdotsaptangay itamumi tuuvaqw — p u ’yaw itamsdosoyam sulawtini. Then when the one who acts as our father (maker) drops his container of ashes on us, we will all be no more. 4. idiomatic usages: Many verbs have special “destinative” senses. Only a few of these are illustrated here. I ’ kaphe pay piw — hoyo. Coffee went up in price again, {hoyo “move”) — Pu ’puma mdmdntuy - taawit tawlalwangwu. Then they sing songs to the girls. — Amungem - yuku. He fixed it for them, {yuku “make, finish”) — Um okni; pay - yukilti. Stop crying; it got fixed. {yukilti “get done”) — Pam put — p o li’inna. She fixed up her hair in a whorl (for her). — naasomnaya. They put her hair up in the naasomi style. — Um qa hiita put hiita — tuwi’yva. Did you learn anything of that sort about him? — Pam hiita - taya’iwta? What is she laughing at? — Kur um hisat. sinmuy - wuuwani, hin puma hisat yesqw. Think about the ancient people and how they lived. — Humi’uyi pas Hopisinmuy - himu. The corn plant is important to the Hopi people. 5. some verbs are indifferently destinative or transitive. Tuuhikya - (or put) maamaya. The healer treated him. 6. in sentences referring to food preparation, aw apparently refers to the stove or other place where the action takes place, though its expansion to include a literal expression “on the stove” or the like is not idiomatic. Nu’ — kuuyit kwdlaknani. I’ll boil the water. — — tdupata’a. Boil some water. — N u’ - dngapta. I put beans on to boil.------ kapheta ’a. Make some coffee. — Nu’ — sikwit kwiiva. I boiled the meat. — — sikwitpe’e. Roast the meat. — Ya um pay hiita — hinta? Are you fixing something to eat? Cf. extr. aqw; amumi(q), to them, inumi(q), to me, itamumi(q), to us, umumi(q), to you (dl./pl.), uumi(q), to you (sg.); pet. ep, dif. ang (inan.), (^a)pa(qe) (anim.), abl. angqw (anim. or inan.), (aa)ngaqw (anim.). See also p o s t p . -mi. •’aw {paus. - u , - u ) adv.(?) maybe, possibly, I guess; “attenuative” suffix. Used in reply to a statement of need; suggests a course for a future action.y4.- Haqamisiva’vo?B: P iw - tutskwavehaqam qaatsi. A: Where are my (eye)glasses? B: They may very well be lying on the floor. — A: Haqami pam poydoyay? B: P iw - hakiy maqa. A: Where did he put his pocketknife? B: He probably gave it away to someone. — A: Uma haqam nuy ndutaytani? B: P a y - ikiy ep'e. A: Where will you be waiting for me? B: Probably at my house. — A: Ya hak amumumni? B: Um —. A: Who is going to go with them? B: I guess you.

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- ’aw — A: Um mansdalatni? B: Owi—u. A: Do you want an apple? B: Yes, I suppose I do. — A: “Yfl sen n u ’ son itni?” yaw maana kita. B: "As—wd, pay pi itam naamatiniqw pay pi um putni. ” A: “Might I not have this?” said the girl. B: “Yes, since we’re going to get married you might as well have it.” — Pdasat p u ’ yaw haqawa tiyo naatavi. *‘Nu{’) - u , ” yaw kita. Then one of the boys offered himself, “Possibly I will,” he said. Var. of paus. -’wu, -’wuu. - ’a w - comb, of -’ala. [-tell-] awat- comb, of awta. [bow-1 Awat’o|vi(acc. - \ \ y \ postp. -v e(q ), -v a(q e), -m i(q ), -n g aq w ; com*. - p - ) n . 1. (5g.)Awatovi, a Hopi village on Antelope Mesa which was

Aw at’ovi def. 1

destroyed and abandoned in 1700. Kastiilam susmdoti dkxiqe —viy ep yayva. When the Spaniards arrived the first time, they climbed up at Awatovi. — Imuy -ptdataqtuy tsuku’oya. They selected the Awatovi men as clowns. 2. ( —vit) inhabitant of Awatovi village. Hisat naat yeesiwqe - v i t a ’ni tutuhistu. Long ago, when they still existed as a community, the Awatovis were very ingenious. 3. Howell Mesa, between Hotevilla and Moencopi. awat-’o-vi [bow-up-NR] awathayni n.sg. feather hanging on a bow. — pay homasa tonit ep nanawathayni ’ivaq, pay qa pas qalaveq awtat angqw haayiwtangwu. The awathayni is feathers on a string hanging from each end, but not too close to the end, of a bow. awat-hay-ni [bow-hang(SG:OBJ)-NR] Awatna’tsi n.sg. a bow used as a kiva standard by the Tsu’ society. - pay kivat ep pongya’iwtangwu. The bow standard is displayed at the kiva. — Tsuutsu’t yungiwte’ - ’yyungngwu. When the Tsu’ priests are in session they have the bow standard displayed, awat-na’tsi [bow-standard] Var. Awtana’tsi. awatngapjta (-to ta ) vn.p. = awtangapta. awat-ngap-ta [bow-maierial-CAUS] awatngaptama ( - y a ) vn.p. = awtangaptama. awat-ngap-ta-ma [bow-material-CAUS-POSTG] awatngapta|tO(-wisa) vn.i. = awtangaptato. awat-ngap-ta-to [bow-material-CAUS-PREG] awatnga] va(-pya; comb. -p -)v n .p . = awtangava. awat-ngava [bow-pick:material:to:use] awatngavi n.sg. a stick freshly cut for making a bow. awat-ngavi [bow-material] Var. awtangavi. Cf. hoongavi, arrow-making material. awatVOS- comb, of awatvosi. [bowstring-] awat IVOSi ( - vovosi; comb. - vos-) n. bowstring. -v o s i tuywat angqw yukiwte’ huruningwu. If a bowstring is made from a buckskin strap, it usually is sturdy. — Pam awtat aw -vo sit soma. He tied the bowstring to the bow. — Pam put -vosiy ahoy huur Idngakna. He pulled back hard on the bowstring, awat-vosi [bow-eye] awatvosjlawu (-la lw a ) vn.i. 1. be making a bowstring. Tiyo waksasvukyat tsiitsiklawkyangwput angqw -law u. The boy is stripping rawhide and making bowstrings from them. 2. be taking a shortcut. Um qa hSnginiikyangw nuutum wawarqe

oovi —lawu. Although you’re not a fast runner, you’re trying to run with the others, so you’re taking shortcuts, awatvos-lawu [bowstring-CONT] awatvosjta ( - to ta ) vn.p. 1. make a bowstring. Mdakya awtay engem tuywat angqw - ta . The hunter made a bowstring for his bow from buck­ skin. 2. take a shortcut. Nanamunwaqw~tsaatsayom naat qa hohongvit pay qa pas dngqeyaniqe p u ’ -to ta . In a footrace the little ones who were not strong enough to go all the way around took a shortcut, awatvos-ta [bowsiring-CAUS] awatVOSti{ma ( - wisa) vn.i. 1. go along making bowstrings. Tiyokanelmuy amungkniikyangw - ma. The boy made bowstrings while following the sheep. 2. go along taking shortcuts. Tiyopopniwvut kareetavdt qa ang an hinmaniqe pay -m a . Be­ cause the boy did not want to follow the winding wagon road, he took shortcuts, awatvos-t-ima [bowstring-CAUS-PROG] awatvostiwngWU/i.5g. material used for making bowstrings. Hisat tuywa pas a ’ni —. Long ago, buckskin thongs were the principal material used for bowstrings. — —y aw huurlalwa. They were tightening the bowstring on it. awatvos-tiwngwu [bowstring-material] awatvostoyna ( - y a ) vn.p. give it a bowstring, put a bowstring on (a bow). Nu’ pay i ’awtay aw —. I put a bowstring on my bow. awatvos-to-yna [bowstring-CAUS-CAUS] awatvostsoky|a(-aya, -sta-q-) vn.p. affix the string to a bow. Awtat - a . He strung the bow. — Kur hiita -a n i. He doesn’t know what to string his bow with, awatvos-tsokya [bowsiring-put(SG: OBJ)on:top] awin- comb, of aa’awna, aawinta. [inform-] awini n.sg. 1. s.th. told, news, message, an­ nouncement. Hisat Hopisinmuy amumi - pay lavayit.sa akw pasiwta. Long ago news was possi­ ble for the Hopi people only by word of mouth. — Itamumi - pitu. A message has come to us. — M d’wi pay pas - t.s a akw pas Woqokngwu. A bride can only go to.begin the wedding ceremony (at the groom’s house) when given notice to do so. 2. {neg.) s.th. kept from the knowledge of others, a secret. Puma pangso kiimi pas qa —t akw dkingwu. They come to the village without any­ one’s knowledge, awin-i [inform-NR] awini’y |ma (-w is a ) vdt.i. go along telling, in­ forming, keeping informed. I ’ muuyaw pi pay itamuy haqe’ qalawwisqat put itamuy -m a . The moon is telling us where we are going along (timewise) . — Nu’ kiinawit tuu ’- ma, qaavo tsotsvalniniqw, pu ’ piw awyaniqat. 1 went along the houses (in the village) informing people that there will be a meeting tomorrow and also for them to go to it. awin-i~ ’y-ma [inform-NR-POSS-PROG] awini’y |ta (-y u n g w a) vt.i. have someone told, informed. Pay itana nuy -ta ; hisat itdaso mokqw itam kur hin qa naama put tumdltani. Our father has already told me that when our grandmother dies we must attend to her together. — Pay n u ’ put - ta , itam amum tiimaywisniqat. I have him informed that we’re going with him to go see the dance. — A: Ya hintiqw pas qa pitu? B: Piiyiy, pay pi n u ’ as —ta. A: Why hasn’t she come? B: I don’t know; I did have her informed. — Tuu’-ta , hisat totoklawniqey. He has the people informed about when he is going to put on a night dance. awin-i- ’y-ta [inform-NR-POSS-DUR] awiniw|ta (-y u n g w a) vt.i. 1. be informed of. Wuuti pay hisat tutuqayyungniqat -ta ; niiqe pay put tokilayat nuutaykyangw timuy amungem na ’saslawu. The woman, being informed of when school would begin, kept on preparing for her children while waiting on the date. 2. {des.) be promised in

marriage to (a man). Pam pay Tawvayat aw - ta . She has been promised to Tawvaya. awin-iw-ta [inform-PASS-DUR]

aw iw - comb, of awiwa. [one:uscful:for:a:purposc-l a w iw ’i w | t a (-y u n g w a) vi.des.i. 1. be function­ ing in a role. Nu ’ yep imuy aw mong ’iwtaniqey put aw -ta q e oovi kur hin haqamini. I am functioning here in the capacity of supervising these [people], that’s why I can’t go anywhere. — Iwimtsapu hiita aw - ta ? What is the function of the membrane covering my stomach? 2. be destined for a particu­ lar role. Honngyam sukw tiposiy mongqenit aw taviyaqw oovi pam put aw - ta . The Bear clan put one of their babies in line for the chiefs position, so he’s destined for it. — —taqa, someone who has been bom or taught for specific role, purpose. awiw- ’iw-ta [one:uscfiil:fcM-:a:purpose-ST-DURl a w iw a {anim. a ’wiwam or a ’wiwat, inan. a ’wiwa; comb, awiw-, pi. -’a ’wiwa) n. 1. {anim.) one designated for a particular function, destiny or purpose; specialist, professional. Taaqa timuy natwanit nopnaniqey put aw - . A man’s lot is to feed his children his own hand-raised crops. — Nu ’ pi piw put pas aw —. I’m the right person to do that (to cut hair). — Pam n u ’an qa - . He’s just not made to do that. — / ’ angwusi pi pay Hdpitniqw qa hiita pas aw —. According to Hopis, this raven is not good for anything. — Peetu pas aw a'wiwat. Some are really skilled at doing that. — Puma qa hiita aw a *wiwat. They are not placed in any particular roles. — Kii’a ’wiwat kiihut yukuyaniqey qa hiniwpu’yyungwa. It’s no problem for skilled housebuilders to build a house. — Puma imuy pas a ’wiwatuy wdyaknayaqw pu ’ puma antsa put engem aw antsatsna. They brought in these specialists who then put it back right for him. — Pahaana kiihut yukuyaniqamuy a *wiwamu ’yta. The Anglo has specialists for building houses. 2. {inan.) a device for, apparatus, something used for a particular function. / ’ qa tihu’—. This is not made for making a kachina doll. — Pam pay peehu kwekwewdwya pas put aw - . Some of those little woven belts are specially used for that. — I ’ qa hiita aw - . This doesn’t have a use for anything. — Put hiita pan - t pam himu’ytangwu. He owns a device for doing that sort of thing. — Hiihiita aw a*wiwa yuykiwa. Tools for doing all kinds of things are being made. — Itam hiihiita tihu ’ - 'yyungwa. We have all sorts of kachina doll-carving tools. a w i w j t a ( - to ta ) vt.(des.)p. 1. make use of. Put yaw pan —tota. They made use of him in that way. 2. {des.) adapt or adjust for a specific use. Nu’ pawihdypit tsukuyat epeq muutsiknat dngqe qalatoynaqe put sooyat aw - ta . I took a pipe, flattened the end, and sharpened it, and (that way) adapted it for a planting stick. 3. {des.) designate to fiilfill a specific function or office. Pay hiitawat, hikis pas naat puhuyamakput, mongqenit aqw -totangwu. They would designate one, even a newborn, to an (eventual) leadership position. — Itdataha nuy tsu’mongwiy aw - ta . My maternal uncle prepared me to take over as head priest of the Tsu’ society. 4. manufacture a device for. Noqw put hisat wikorot akw kuuyi ’ynumyaniqey piw pas paniqw -totangwu. And long ago they made that pottery canteen specifically to carry around as a water jug. awiw-ta [one:useful:for;a:purpose-CAUSl a w i w j t i ( - to ti) vi.des.p. 1. get made for some purpose. Hiita aw —ti. It got made for some pur­ pose. 2. become designated for a role or position. Nuy mokqw um inukpetani; um iqeniy aw -tin i. When I die you will take my stead; you will act in my place, awiw-ti [one:useful:for:a:purpose-R] a w iw to to y n a ( - y a ) vt.i. be putting to a specific

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ayaki’ytaqa

house (instead of her own). — Wuuti suswukoq tiy -numa [bow-POSS-CIRCG] use. Tiyot taaha'at put aw paas hiihiita navotit — yungyapuy tavi. The woman handed her plaque tutaptimaqe panwat put qeniy aw The boy’s a w t a ’y v a ( —ya) vn.p. 1. arrive with a bow. to her oldest child, aw-wa-r [DES-SPEC-ACC] Cf. maternal uncle instructed him carefully on the Itanay, yep nu’ ungem - . Father, I’ve come with extr. aqwwat. many things of tradition and in that way was a bow for you. 2. get to have a bow (when one preparing him (in purpose) to take his place. didn’t have one before). Vm tsangaw um awwatniwti vt.p.sg. afflict, affect adversely awiw-to-to-yna [one:useful:for:a:purpose-RDP-CAUS- maqtoni. It’s good you got a bow; go hunting. through transmission or contagion, as through the -CAUSl transmission of disease or by making a detrimental awta- ’y-va [bow-POSS-INGR] awiwtoyna (—ya) vt.p. put to a specific use, use a w t a jh o y a (-h o o y a ) n. little bow. Katsina plan for someone that backfires. Pam hakiy —or create as a device for. Wuutaqa pdhot tontaniqe ngwu. That can turn back on you. — Hak k a ’dyhimuwa pay qa pas awtay e ’nang wiwne’nanik(t) naap kohot aw tsukutoynaqe put pan - . In order tsok’iwtaqw himuwa hakiy aw tongokqw pam put '■'hoya’ytangwu. If some kachina doesn’t want to to spin wool, the old man himself sharpened a -ngw u. When someone has impetigo and another keep getting tangled with his bow, he uses a little stick, which he devised for it. awiw-to~yna (one: touches him, it (the disease) afflicts him. aw-wa-tbow. awta-hoya [bow-DIM] useful:for:a:purpose-C AUS-C AUSJ -niwti [DES-SPEC-ACC-Change:into] Syn. awniwti, Awtana’tsi/t.j^g. = Awatna’tsi. [bow-’awna vt.p. comb, of aa’awna. [-inform] awniwatti. -standard] awni I’eway («f/. - ’ewayom, p/. - ’e’way(om); awtangap | ta ( - to ta ) vn.p. cut bow manufactur­ ay- comb, of aaya. [rattle-] acc. - ' ’ewakw, dl. —’ewakwmuy, pi. - ’e’ing material from bushes or tree branches. Nih aya (a’yat; comb. pi. -’a’yat, -’a’yam) n.poss./ wakw(muy)) adj. appearing to be going. Itdataha comb, helper, employee, hand, hireling, person kyangw hiita hak —tangwuqat qa tuwi’yta. But he sumataq paasay —*eway oovi yokJaqat tuuvinglawho helps in return for food. Lay ’- nawus naaqadid not know what materials one should cut for wu. I think our maternal uncle appears to be going vo kanelmuy tumala’ytangwu. One who is em­ making a bow. — Qa pas wuuhaq -ta q w oovi qa to his field because he’s asking about a hoe. aw-niployed to herd sheep has to tend to them every amuptu. He didn’t cut too much bow-making ~’ewa-y [DES-FUT-like-NOM] day. — Pam pumuy -m u y amuminiiqe p u ’ amumi material so it didn’t go around to all. awta-ngap-ia awniwatjti ( -t o ti) vt.p. afflict, transfer an un­ [bow-material-CAUS] Var. awatngapta. tutapta. When he went over to his helpers then he gave them instructions. — Itda’a*yatpay okiwisa. pleasant effect to. aw-ni-wa-t-ti (DES-NEX-SPEC- awtangaptama ( —ya) vn.p. have been to pro­ -NSG-R] Syn. awniwti, awwatniwti. cure bow manufacturing material. Haqam put - ? Our helpers are arriving (coming back) already. — awniwti vt.p.sg. afflict, affect adversely through Where has he been to cut the bow-making mate­ Pay tuwalan*a*yat dapiyya. The guards left. — transmission or contagion, as through the transmis­ rial? awta-ngap-ta-ma [bow-maierial-CAUS-POSTG] Itdatu’aw ’- kur pay dapiyo; tuu’awma. Our messenger apparently has already left; he’s gone to sion of disease or by making a detrimental plan for Var. awatngaptama. relay a message. — Nu’ ung - ‘yta, um nuy someone that backfires. Pam yaw as put hintsanni- a w ta n g a p t a jt o ( - w is a ) vn.i. go to procure bow hopitutuqaynaniqw. I have you as a helper to teach qe aw sdyaknaqw pay pam kur qa an yukuqw pay manufacturing material. Aw um pas kwingvit me the Hopi language. — hoq’- ’yta, be having a yaw putwat pam . He was going to put a hex on -toni. Go there to cut down real scrub oak for harvest work party — Uy’- ’yta, be having a him and did not do it right so that hex turned on making a bow. awta-ngap-ta-to [bow-maierial-CAUSplanting work party — kii’- ’yta, be having a him instead. — Putwat - . It turned back on him -PREG] Var. awatngaptato. house-building work party — p ik ’— 'yta, be having (instead of on the one intended). — Pam yaw as a w ta n g a j v a ( —pya; comb. —p-) vn.p. cut bow­ a piki-making work party — yungyap’— 'yta, be put hintsanniqey engem naawaknaqw pay yaw making material. Pas kwingvit angqw awtatyukunihaving a wicker plaque-making work party. Syn. putwat He wanted to do something (bad) to qe nawus pas ydavonit p u ’ haqam tuwdaqe —vc. tuuwiki. her, and it turned on him instead. — Hak yaw Since he wanted to make a bow from scrub oak, aya interj. oh!, too bad! (exclamation used to pdntiqw pam himu hakiy qa —niqat oovi. They say he had to go a long way to find some somewhere if you do that it will not turn on you. aw-niwti express the realization of a loss). —, n u ’ ikaphey to cut for making a bow. awta-ngava [bow-pick: [DES-Change:intoJ Syn. awwatniwti, awniwatti. wehekna. Oh, I spilled my coffee.------ , itam qa material:to:usel Var. awatngava. awsa {extr. aqwsa) postp. only to or at 3P. Nu’ - a w tan g av i/j.5 g . material procured to manufacture sdosok ndonot mumriya. Too bad, we didn’t thresh out all the alkali sacaton. — —, ikongya. Such a unangwa ’yta. I keep wanting to go there / I have a bow. Yep um angqw sukw neengem ay6 ’ loss! My husband! — pay so ’ti. Too bad; it affections only for her. — Itam put - taqa’tdvini. Here’s some cut bow-making material; put ended. — —, n u ’ ipoyoy kwahi. Too bad; I lost nangwtotingwu. We would place our reliance only one aside for yourself, awta-ngavi [bow-material] my knife. — Is —, n u ’ son tiimayni. Oh! I won’t on him. — ^ tayta. He’s staring at her. — Put Var. awatngavi. be watching the dance. — sinom okiwta. The people were coming only to awta I ta ( —tota) vn.p. make a bow. Nu ’ kwingvit him. — Pam kur donaqe tupkoy ~ tumalat no 'Vy-’aya(-) (-’a - ) n. comb, o f aaya. l-rattle(-)] angqw '-ta. I made a bow from scrub oak. — ta. It seems that since he’s lazy, he passes all the aya’iwjta ( —yungwa) vi.i. be hired, employed Pam i ’awtay sit ’dasavat —ta. He made his bow the work only to his little brother, aw-sa [DES-only] for or assigned to a task. N u’ yep it aw -ta q e same length as mine, awta-ta [bow-CAUSJ (aw)saI ti ( -to ti) vp.p. get left up to, become the oovi nawus paslawu. I’ve been given this job, so responsibility solely of. Sdosoy himu mongwit awtativa ( —ya) vn.p. begin to make a bow. Nu’ I’m having to hoe (weeds), aya-’iw-ta (helper-STnaat pas p u ’ —qw um pitu. I’d just started to -DUR] a w -ti. Everything was left up to the chief (to make a bow when you arrived, awta-t-iva [bow- aya’na ( —ya) vt.p. (baby talk) waste. Maamat qa decide). — Itam itdatumalay pumuy amumisatiqw -CAUS-INGR] puma naala put sdosok nawus yukuya. We left our —ngwu. One doesn’t waste food, dya-’na [loss!work (responsibility) on them and they had to a w ta tu w i’y I t a ( —yungwa) vn.i. know how to -CAUS(baby)J Cf. adult form hovala. make a bow. Nu ’ qa hakiy tiyo ’ y taqe oovi qa —ta. finish it all by themselves, aw-sa-ti [DES-only-R] ayaasakis {paus. —i) adv. so often, so many I don’t have a boy, so I don’t know how to make awta (comb. awat-, times. Oovi hak pas - kwilakt p u ’ aqw pUungwu. a bow. awta-tuwi- ’y-ta (bow-practical:knowledge-POSSaawat-) n.sg. bow. Ka~ So you have to take so many steps in order to -DUR] tsinam tiydoyat -tm a q a awtawi n.sg. processional song, a type of song reach it. ayda-sakis [ovcr:there-as:many:iimes:as] Cf. awta yaqw pam hdaldyti. ayangsakis, so often each time. sung by performers moving into the plaza, - t akw When the kachinas gave the boy the bow, he tsetslet kiisonmi yung.wisngwu. The social dance ayahaq (paus. —a’) dem.postp.sg. 1. way over became happy. — Ya mw’— hiisava? How long is there. - Kaktsintuyqat epehaq. Way over there at performers move into the plaza performing the your bow? — P u’ yaw pam sukw hoy hotngay Kaktsintuyqa. — Pam pay — haqam pi k i’yta. He entering song, aw-tawi [DES-song] Cf. yungtawi, angqw hdroknaqe pu ’ yaw pam put —y aw tsokya. lives way over there somewhere that I don’t know. song sung entering the kiva; eptawi, song sung in Then he took one of his arrows from his quiver 2. (temp.) way back (in remote time). Pam pay place in the plaza, nim^ntawi, song sung before and placed it in his bow. — Puma katsinam naat pas ura epehaq Palatkwapi kiiqdtiqw exiting the plaza. soosoyam ~ 'yyungwa. Those kachinas all have That [thing] existed still way back (in -’awu, -’awu adv.(?) maybe, possibly, I guess; pepehaqa’. bows. Cf. distr. aa’awta. the past), at the time when Palatkwapi was de­ paus. of -’aw. - ’aw-u l-ATTEN-PS) Var. -’wu, a w t a ’y j m a (~w isa) vn.i. go along with a bow. stroyed, at that time, aya-haq lover:there-far] -’wuu. N u’ itanay aw engem '■'ma. I’m going to our a y a k i’y | t a q a ( —yungqa) n. song that has a part awwat (inu-miwat, uu-, itamu-, umu-, amu-; father with a bow for him. — Angqw haqami where rattles are sounded by being shaken in paus. —’a) postp. toward a specific person or '^ma. He was going along from there somewhere unison. Pas pi yaw -ta q a kwangwahinta. The place (its use implies there is a choice being made with a bow. awta-’y-ma [bow-POSS-PROG] song with the rattling part was really pleasing. — about the person or place). Wuuti m d’ongkiy a w t a ’y n u m | a ( —ya) vn. i. go around with a bow. Pam taawi pep —taqa pas kwangwahinta. That kuywikiy iikwiwma. The woman is carrying the Ya hak pam pang tiydoya - a ? Who is that boy song that has a rattling part there is really pleasing. water on her back toward her mother-in-law’s that’s going around there with a bow? awta-’ydya-k-i- ’y-ta-qa [rattle-SGL-NR-POSS-DUR-RELJ

ayakinta

43

ayang.wat

some time in the following month they arrive. eating at the other place. 2. (temp.) the unit of a y a k in jta ( —tota) vi./vt.i. be rattling intermit­ ay-dng-q-e [over:there-DIF-EX-DIF] Cf. pi. ayangtime before. Pumuy ima Nuvalukya ’ongahaqaqw tently. Kukuynaqa pi —tangwu. The song starter is qbeqe. muuyawuy ephaqam tsamvaya. They brought them the one that does the rattling. — Partis um pul from Flagstaff sometime during the month before ayangqe’ dem.postp.sg. somewhere along over ~ta: put aayal ayd’ tdvi’i. You keep rattling that there; indef. of aydng. ay-ang-q-e’ [over:tliere-DIFthis one. aya-m-wa-t [over:there-PCT-SPEC-ACC] intermittently; now, put that rattle away, dya-k-inayan (paus. ayani’, ayan’i) adv. 1. in that way -where-DIF] -la [rattle-SGL-CAUS-REP] ayangqeeqe dem.postp.pl. along over there in over there, like that one over there. Put pan a y a k n a ( —ya) vi./vt.p. shake a rattle. Katsinam those plaees. Homol’oviy — muuna. Water is ayatotakyangw put maatatve. They instructed him kivdapa mihikqw ydngiv/maqw suukyawa kivats’oflowing in various places along over there from in that way, and let him go. — Pul itam Hopiit ngaqw ~ . When the kachinas went at night from Winslow.------ ya. They’re going along over there. tuwi ’yyungwa, “Pam katsinmuy uuta. ” We Hopis kiva to kiva to dance, one of them shook a rattle — Noqw yaw puma hisat pas — hopkyaqe hisat put it that way, “She closed the kachinas in.” — from the kiva roof (to announce their arrival). yesngwuniiqe pangqaqw yaw puma oovi hoytiwisKur - wat tdvi ’i. Put it down in that other way. — dya-k-na [rattle-SGL-CAUS] Cf. i. aayanta. kyangw nawis ’ew pangso Oraymi dki. And they say Nu’ oovi qa ephaqam pul — nanatuwna. So I’m a y a jla w u (-la lw a ; reft. na’ya|lawn; comb. long ago they used to live way over in the north­ not learning it in that way over th e re .------ yaw -’yallawu) vl.i. be directing, telling, or asking obj. east, then from there they kept moving and finally puma pephaqam piw peep naanaywa. They also to do k N u’ as oovi pul hituyankimi ~lawu. So arrived there at Oraibi. ay-dng-qie-q-e loverrtherewere almost fighting in that way over there. — I’m trying to ask him to go to the store. A: Nu -DIF-RDP-EX-DIF) Cf. sg. aydjigqe. Hak - wuuwukoq ndakit ang aami’ytangwu. You kuytoni. B: Yupdy, qa hak pi ung meewanta; piw have it buried in coarse sand like that. — Pam hin ayangqw (paus. ayangqd) dem.postp.sg. 1. from qa hak ung -law u. A: I’m going to fetch water. over there. ”... — laavangqw yooyangw wayma; - Isdqatingwu: pam naami huurtingwu. It gets B: Go; no one is preventing you, and also no one uysonaq paatuwatavi . . . ’’, “ ...from the southwest muddy kind of that way; it sticks together. 2. uh is asking you to. — Pay nu' kur na yatanikyangw the rain is walking, laying down a sea of water (used to indicate hesitation or a pause). Piw hakiy sddwu imuy —lawu. I might as well have asked into the midst of the planted fields...” (excerpt - wuutitiqw put maqayangwu. And again when myself to do it and not wasted time asking these from a kachina song) — Susnuutungkni ’ymaqa okiw one, uh, becomes a married woman, they give it guys. — Kivdape puma hiihiita oovi na’yalalwa. naat pas - . The one who is coming last, poor to h e r . -------pas iyoho’ti yepeqniqw p u ’ hin’ur They keep bidding each other to do many things in thing, is still [coming] from way over there. — It huuhukya. Uh, when it really got cold here, then the kiva. — Ura ungu ung lihu’-law u. Remem­ — kwiningyaqw haaya’a. Hang this up from the the wind was blowing hard. 3. (temp.) at that ber, your mother is asking you to make a kachina northwest side (on the wall). — A: - wayma. distant time. Noqw yaw pam - taala’ aydngqe doll. — Pam nuy kwew’—lawu. He’s asking me to B; Haqaqw? A; Hep ayangqd. A; He’s walking kits ’ovaqe yaw puwngwu. And when it was summer weave a belt, aya-lawu |helper-CONT] Cf. distr. from over there. B; From where? A: I said from like that (in those days), he used to sleep over a’yalawu. over there. 2. in over there, inside that three-di­ there on top of the roof. — Niiqe - Powamuymi a y a m (paus. ayamo) dem.postp.sg. 1. over there mensional place. A: — paktwta. B: Hdqaqd? pituqw hakim pu ’ ydutukngwu. Then when it came (in a fixed position), yonder. Nu’ taavot — niina. A: Mdtsikyaptatdngpitangqd. A: It’s in over there. to Powamuya month like that, then we would run, B: Where? A: In that trash container. 3. (temp.) I killed that rabbit over th ere.------ mooro luusa- Pay hakim - nimdniilso’qw p u ’ pul yukuwisfrom that time referred to. Hiita pi - ydyngwaqat tuumoyta. The donkey is eating grass over ngwu. When the Niman ceremony is over like that, ngaqw noonovangwu. I don’t know what people there. — Pam ayamhaqam k i’yta. He lives over then we go to bring them, ayd-n [oventhere-way] were eating back in the beginning [of tim e].-----there somewhere. — Nu’ nut tiydoyat — qatuwta- a y a n g (paus. ayang’a) dem.postp.sg. along over ydyniwpungaqw hin pi puma yesngwu. 1 don’t qal kwaatsi’yta. 1 have that little boy who’s sitting there; = aye’. - mooro tuusaqat tuumoynuma. know how they lived back in the beginning. over there as a friend. — A: Pep tdvi’i. B: HaqaThe donkey is going along there eating grass. — ay-dngqw [over:there-ABL] Cf. indef. ayangqaqw; mo? A: Ayamo. A: Put it down over there. - pam wdrikiwnuma. He’s running around over B: Where? B: Over there. 2. (temp.) at that time. per. aydm, dif. ayU or (YS) aydng, des. ayd’. there. — - pam miimit pongita. He’s picking Noqw pu ’ pdasat imuy Nimankalsinmuy ninmaqw those different things along there, ay-dng [ovemhere- a y a n g q w w a dem.postp.sg. from the other side. pu ’pdasat pay qa haqam himu katsinaningwu; pas A; Yahaqaq.wapalaqa’d ’ B: - , kwiningyaqwwa. -DIF] Cf. extr. ayangqe, indef. ayangqe’; pet. ason - Soyalangwuy ep Qddqoqldm okye’ p u ’ aydm, des. ayd’, abl. aydngqw. A: Which side is the yellow corn [from]? B: From kivanawii hdtdatolaqw pdasat p u ’ puma piw ahoy a y a n g q a q w dem.postp.sg. 1. from over there the other side, the northwest side. — Kur um pul Skingwu. And at that time then, when these Niman somewhere; indef. of aydngqw. Ya hak piw — qa su ’angqwwat totsvaki; pam —. You didn’t put kachinas have returned home, there are no kachi­ that shoe on the right side; that belongs on the wayma? Who’s coming from around there?-----nas around any more; much later, during the time other side, ay-angqw-wa [over;there-ABL-SPEC]Some haayiwta. It’s hanging from over there somewhere. of the Soyal ceremony, when the Qooqoqlos arrive speakers reject this entry in favor of ayangqwwat. 2. (temp.) way back in remote time. Naat hisat and open all the kivas, they come back again. — pay naat - i ’ itana i ’ hak qalaymataq qdtuuqa a y a n g q w w a td e m posrp.sg.acc.- 1. on or from the Pay yaw naat pas - hisat kitsokive Orayviy alkya other side, across from, opposite. Angwusi naat qa itamun hakiy sinol yukukyangw pam mdoti yeesiwa. They were still living in a village below wuuku. The raven stepped down from the other pay imuy pas pavanyaqamuy mdoti it hikwsit huyta. Oraibi a long time ago. — Puma hisat naat ayam­ side. — Sinom - kilsokit angqw dki. People from Still in the beginning when this father of ours who haqam hikis pay pakwl ydasangwuy ephaqam naat the other village arrived. — Put sikisve’at mil lives unseen had not yet created the likes of us, he puma put sutsep akw naatiti’yyangwu. They were kiihut - wunu. His car is parked on the other side first just gave life to these that were very impor­ still using that to play house with back about then, of that house. — Pam suyngaqw sipisuku yawta, tant. — Pam pay naat pas - , ura epehaq Palalmaybe even ten years ago. — Puma pay ayamha­ p u ’ - yaw eyokinpil. He holds the lance on the kwapi kiiqdtiqw pepehaqa’. It was still way, way qam Skingwu, tuho’ostiqw. They (Maasaw kachi­ left side, then on the other side a bell. — Pam back, remember at the time that Palatkwapi was nas) come about that time, when it’s fall. — tutskwal angqw pitu. He came from the other destroyed, way back then, ay-ang-qa-qw [overuhereAyamhaqam pi naat qa haqam Tasavuningwu; country. — / ’ katsinmuy n a ’am yep pdhul -DlF-where-ABL] Kdoninamniqw Payotsimsa peqw Skingwu. Way a y a n g | q a w u ( - qaq.wa) vi.p. say that way. Pay k i’yta. This kachina father lives on the opposite back in the past there were no Navajos around yet, side of the ro ad .------ um tsdpdatani. Lift it from pi kipoktdqliqa pam pi pay panis -qawngwu. The only Havasupais and Paiutes used to come here [to the other side. 2. (temp., in posip.phr.) from the one that shouts a war whoop simply says it that us], — Ura ayamhaqam, pay lodnayishaqam ura time of, since. Pam - muuyawuy angqaqw put way. — Pam -qaw u, “O ’olikiyawli.’’ He said it puma tiiva. Remember, way back, about two years qeeni’yta. She’s had that soaking since the other that way, “O’okikiyawli.” — Mdoti aqwpdngqawago, they danced, ayd-m [over:therc-PCT] Cf. extr. month. — - santit ep itam kiikinumma. We’d ngwu, “Haw.’’ Pu’ pay pdasat ang sen -q a w ­ aydq, dif. a y t’ or (YS) ayang, des. ayd’, abl. been to visit in the week before this last one. ngwu, “Ya qa hak qalu?" He first says in that aydngqw; mi’, that over there or previously ay-angqw-wa-t [over:there-ABL-SPEC-ACC] way, “Haw.” Then right then he might say down mentioned. there in that way, “Is anyone down there?” ayd- ayangsakis (paus. - l ) adv. so often each time, a y a m w a t dem.postp.sg.acc. 1. that other (one) so many each time. Nu’ — taldngvantaqat ang •ng-qawu [over:there-way-say] over there. Pam - tutskwal ep tiitiwa. He was a y a n g q e dem.postp.sg. 1. along over there; extr. kuytongwu. I have to get water so many times born in that other country. — Yep laalawvaqw (each day), day after day. aya-ng-sakis [overuhereof aye’ or YS ayang. Ya hak - kits’ovaqe sipaltutskwal ep mihikngwu. When the day comes here, -PL-as:many:times:as] Cf. ayhasakis, so many times, mdyni’yla? Who has some peach halves drying on it becomes night in the other country. — Nu — the roof along over there? — Ya hak — waynuma ? ayang.wat adv. along that way (at a distance). kitsokive’e. I’ve been to that other village. — Who is walking around over there? 2. (temp.) Itam yang.wat uytimaqw p u ’ um - dylimani. Tdataqi yep noonovaqw pu ’ momoyam — noonova. along that period of time. Hihin — ’e; hihin angkWhen we plant along this way. then you will plant While the men are eating here, the women are muyat pephaqam puma Skingwu. A little bit later,

ayam a lo n g th e o th e r w a y .

ay-ang-wa-t

[over:there-DIF-

-SPEC-ACC]

ayani’ adv. paus.

aye’

44

o f ay4n. aya-ni- ‘ [over:there-way-PS] a y a n |t a ( —yiingwa) vi./vt.i. be some way that is (as yet) unspecified, or hard to describe. Pam taawi’at so'ngwaveq ~ta: ... His song at the end goes something like this: ... — Ura pam m i’ hoowina’aytawi ~ta. Remember that the Hoowina’ay song goes like this. — Paahu —ta. The water is (kind of) like that. — Pay pi utuhu'liqw pi pay ang himu kdosow -tangwu; wunungwu. When it gets really hot the heat waves are like that; they rise. — Pay ang topkwita -yungwa. The fly droppings are already like that on it. — Suyan puma tsootsopt pan -yungwa, navoti’yyungwa. The antelopes surely are like that, they instinctively know, aya-n-la Iover:ttiere-way-DUR] a y a n Iti ( - toll) vi./vt.p. 1. do it over there. Angqaqw may —ti; oomiq iita. From there he did something with his hand; he held it up. — Hak pdokot aw itsivuliqw ura suruy hokvaya - t i l ep p o p ’o'numa. When you scold a dog, remember it does it with its tail between the legs and crouches around. — A: Pam kits'ongaqw pdosi. B: Qa’wu, pam - t i . A: Hlnti? B: Pam pay naap pangqw tso'o. A: He fell from the roof. B: Not so, he did something else. A: What? B: He jumped down on his own. — Puma yaw oovi pay suukw tookilat ep puma naama ydntikyangw qavongvaqw pi pay himuwa -tingwu. They say they do it this way to­ gether in the course of one night, and as the next day comes one of them does something else. — Sdnqaltotangwu; p u ’ undngwpe piw hakim pul saanal -totingwu. They put pine pitch on the fore­ head, then in the middle of the chest they do something else with it. 2. (vi.) for s.th. unspecified or hard to describe to occur. P u’ yaw pam aqw hin ’ur qSonaqw pay yaw sikwi kur —ti, kola okiw. When she put a lot of firewood in the fire, some­ thing happened, the meat got charred. 3. (with ayd’) undo, remove, take away, off. Nanai ang ayd’ - t i . He undid eight of them. — Usimniy ayd’ - t i. She did it like that to get her shawl off. — (jumay ayd’ - t i ’i. Take your hand away somehow. — A yd’ poydoyay akw yon -tingwu. He does it this way with his pocketknife to remove it. ayd-n-ti [over;there-way-R] a y a n jt s a k i (-tsatskya) vU. be doing like that. Tuuwutsit ang -tsaki. He was doing it as [it was done] in the story. — P u’ n u ’ panaptsamiq kuyvaqw pam angqw inumi —tsaki. Then as I was peering out the window he was doing it like that from there at me. aya-n-tsaki [over:there-way-be:doing] a y a n jts a n a (-tsatsn a) vt.p. do it like that to. A: Pam put kur okiw -tsana. B: Ya hintsana? A.' Taywayat aw tsukuvena. A: He apparently did it like that to the poor guy. B: Did it like what? A: Painted his face like a clown, aya-n-tsana [over: there-way-do] ayaq ipaus. ayaqa, ayaq’a) dem.postp.sg. 1. way over or out there, yonder; extr. of ay^m. itaamoro waynuma. Our donkey is walking around way over th ere.------ urn posoveq qdtuni. Sit way over there in the far comer. — Ya pam hakiy kwapko’at ~ kits’oveq qatu? Whose eagle is over there on the roof?------ qddhi mamatsila. The fire is appearing way over there. — I ’ yaw tuuwutsi Hopoqkiveq hiniwti. It is said that [the events in] this story took place out in the northeastern Pueblo country. — Ya hak ayaqa? Who is it way over there? 2. (temp.) in the past. ~ naaloq ydasangwuy epeq ura itam put uu ‘uya; naat itam qaa’d ’yyungwa. Back there, four years ago, we planted that; we still have the com (raised from

that lime). — ydyngwaveq sinom naavaasya. Way back at the beginning people took good care of one another, ayd-q [over:there-EXl a y a q .w a t postp. l . the one way over there, as differential^ from the one not over there. ~ kawayot waynumqat um aqw wiktoni. Go get that horse, the one that’s walking around way over there. 2. (temp.) in the time (period) before last. Nu' — tomo’ ikukuy tuusungwta. In the winter before last I froze my f e e t.------ santit epeq nu' tiimayma. The week before last I went to see a dance. — A: Itam tomo’ kyaananapta. B: P u’ tomo’? A: Qa'i, - . A : We had a hard time in winter. B: This winter? A: No, [the winter] be­ fore. aya-q-wa-t [ovcr:there-EX-SPEC-ACC] a y a j t a (~tota; refl. na’ya|ta; comb. -*yat-, •*ya|ta) vdt.p. 1. hire, employ to. Wduti kiy aw pahanvoksot pdnaniqe p u ’ hakiy put tuwi’ytaqat -’ ta. The woman, in order to install the stovepipe in her house, hired someone who knew how to do it. 2. direct, tell or ask to do; (with pas) order to do. Taaqa tiyot kawaymuy oyatoniqat - ta . The man directed the boy to take the horses out to range. — Pay yaw pam pumuy meewaqe songyawnen yaw pam kur pumuy - ta . When he forbade them to do something, it was apparent that it was as though he directed them to do something. — Nu’ put -'ta, inungem huuyatoniqat. I asked him to go fetch me some water. — Kyapi pam as qa hiita hintsakniqey wuuwantaqw nu ’ oovi pas —taqw p u ’ pam nawus paamiq kuyto. I guess she wasn’t even thinking about doing anything so I told her to and then she had to go fetch water at the spring. 3. (met., refl.) do obj. oneself after getting no response to a request that others do it. Hak imuy hiita kyaatumalat ayate’pay songyawnen na'yaiangwu. When you ask these guys to do some hard task, you might as well do it yourself (because they won’t help you), aya-ta [helper-CAUS] a y a ta m a ( - y a ) vt.p. have asked obj. to do it, have been to ask obj. to do it. Pam nuy taavok yawi'oy’'-. He was here yesterday to ask me to set up a weaving loom. ayata~ma [ask:to:d(>-POSTG] a y a t a j t o ( —wisa) vt.i. go ask obj. to do it. Kur nu’ aqw umdutahay sikwa’^to . Let me go ask your maternal uncle to do the skinning (of a butchered animal), ayata-to [ask:to:do-PREGl a y a tin iim | a ( - ya) vt.i. go around asking obj. to do it. Nu ’ ang tootimuy - a, inungem uywisniqat. I was going around in that area asking boys to go planting for me. ayat-inuma lask:to:do-CIRCG] a y a t iw ja ( - y a ) vi.Nt.p. be asked to do it. Itam angqw uumi —a. We were asked to come see you. — Pam kanilki’- a . He was asked to build a sheep corral. — Pay yangqw nu’ - q e oovi hakiy pangso heeva. I was asked from here to go look for someone there. — Hiita pa n u ’ p u ’ hin­ tsakniqey - n i? I wonder what I’m going to be asked to do now? — Haqaqw Maskingaqw -y a ngwu, pew ’i. They were asked to come here from somewhere [called] Maski. ayat-iwa [ask:to:do-PASSl a y a w - comb, of ayawa(’at). [purpose-] a y a w a ( ’a t) {comb, ayaw-) n.sg.poss. duty, pur­ pose, function, reason for being or existence. Itam Uda’^ y qa haqami hintsanni. We (two) should not lose our purpose (in life). — Tsuku itamuy Hopit potskwaniyat ep u ’nangwtoynaniqeyput - *yta. The clown has the purpose of reminding us of the Hopi way of life. — Um qa pan - ’yta. That is not your duty. — Mdasaw hapi yaw qSotsaptangat - yta; hisat yep qatsi nukpanvewat qa unangwtalqw pam put tuuve ’ yep qatsit so ’tapnani. They say that Mdasaw has the container of ashes as his true duty; so that in the future if life is out of control with evil he can throw it and put an end to

life here. — Son pi qa - *yta. It must have a purpose. — r qa d « ’—; pam mit —*ata. This isn’t your duty; it’s that other person’s, ayawa-’at [purpose-3P] ayawtiw] a ( - y a ) vi.p. be given a meaning, pur­ pose, a particular function. Pam tuwqamuy aqw pdotatoniqe pan —a. He has been assigned the function of checking on the enemy. — Hin -y a qey qa su ’an put pang ydutukni ’yyungwa. They are not running those (activities) as they were ch arg e to do. aydw-t-iwa [purpose-CAUS-PASS] ayawtoyna ( - y a ) vt.p. 1. give a purpose, charge, challenge, duty. Pam yaw it taawat yan —, pam yaw yep it tuuwaqatsit mdkintaniqat. He gave the sun Ais purpose: it was to keep warming the earth. — N u’ put - , paapu qa pas a ’ni hiihikwniqat. I challenged him not to drink too much anymore. — Um as nuy ^n i, nu’ hintiniqat. You tell me what I am to do. — Yan yaw puma put wisokot - ’ya. In this manner they gave the turkey buzzard a function in life. — Pam mongnanaqasqe pay naa’^ q e oovi put hintsaki. He was trying to take control, so he gave the duties to himself, that’s why he’s doing that. — Itam hiita naavokyawnayaniqat enang itamuy hak hikwsit mdqdaqa itamungem qatsit - . That we shall enjoy fulfill­ ment of all things is what the one who gave us life endowed to us. 2. (with hUsa") assign value to. Ya um uutihuy hUsa* - ? How much value did you place on your kachina doll? aydw-to-yna [purpose-CAUS-CAUS] ayawya (a* - ) /i. little rattle. Hopoqmosayurmana - ’ytangwu. The Northeastern Pueblo-style Buffalo dance maiden has a little rattle, aya-wya [rattle-DIM]

ayayajta 1 (distr.

-to ta ) vi.i. for rattles to be making sounds. Kur Hemiskatsinampu ’ ruukuntota; oovi ep —ta. It sounds like the Hemis kachinas are performing the rasping song now because the rattles are sounding, aya-ya-ta [raiile-RDP-REP] ayaya|ta2 ( -to ta ) VI./. (YS) be regretting, say­ ing “loo bad, too bad.” Owaqdltikive tiyo pootat qa ngu’daqe ^ ta . At the Owaqol dance a young man failed to catch a coiled plaque and was regretting it. aya-ya-ta [too:bad-RDP-REP] ayayatoyna ( - y a ) vi.i. be shaking a rattle. Mosay ru -kyangw ang tsutskuniltinuma. The Buffalo dancer is shaking the rattle as he moves around dipping down by bending the knees. — Ya n u ’ k ^ n g w a ’—? Am I shaking the rattle pleasingly? aya-ya-to-yna [rattle-RDP-REP-CAUS] ayayatoyni’y | ma ( - wisa) vi. i. go along shaking a rattle. Tsootsopt kiisonmiye’ ^wisngwu. When the Tsop priests go into the plaza they go along shaking rattles. — Mosayru kwangwa’- m a . The Buffalo dancer is going along shaking a rattle pleasingly. aya-ya-to-yn-i- ’y-ma [rattle-RDP-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-PROG] ayayatoyni’ynum|a (-ya) vi.i. go around shaking a rattle. H ee'e’wuuti —a. Hee’e’wiluti (ka­ china) is going around shaking a rattle, aya-ya-to-yn-i- ’y-numa [rattle-RDP-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-CIRCG] ayayaykina(-ya) vt.p. shake (as) a rattle. Pam tsiiliy akw - . He shook his chile like a rattle. — Aqw - ’dy. Shake the rattle (into the kiva). aya-yd-yk-ina [rattIe-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] ayayayku(-ya) vi.p. make the sounds of a handrattle. Angqaqw oovi katsinmuy n a ’am aqw, “Yungya’a, ” kita. The rattle sounded from [above] so the kachina father shouted, “Come in.” aya-yd-yku [rattlc-RDP-REP(PF)] aye’ dem.postp.sg. along over there. Itamyaw sdosoyam as suup hinwisniqw suukya hak taaqa tuwat - naala hinma. We are supposed to go as a single group, but one man (whoever he is) is going along

aye’haqe’ over there alone. — Pam - owat IShdlaiat ang wayma. He's walking along where the rocks have fallen over there, ay-d’ [over:there-DIF] Var. (YS) ayfing. Cf. extr. ayfingqe, indef. aye’haqe’; pet. ayfim, des. ayd’, abl. ayflngqw. a y e ’h a q e ’ dem.postp.sg. 1. somewhere along that area over there; indef. of a y t’. - nuy navdlqw yaw piw himusinom yeese. Somewhere along over there Indians are also living 1 found out. — A: Haqe’ n u ’ it Idvini? B: - hook tiv i’i. A; Where should I place this? B; Somewhere along there. 2. (temp.) around that time. Puma Masawkatsinam - tuho ’osvahaqe yaw Skingwu. It is said those Miasaw kachinas used to arrive sometime during the fall. — P u’ - yaw naatpu’ mori’uylalwaqw pangqe ’ pu ’ pam katsinmuy ndngakna. And around that time when they were just starting to plant beans he had the kachinas (postponed from the winter kiva dances) come out to do a day dance, ay-e ’-haq-e ’ [oventhere-DIF-where-DIF] iiye’ 1su’p a(—susu’pam) adj. kind to others only outside one’s own home. M d’wi himu —su ’pa hakimuy aw qa hingqawngwu. Our m d’wi is such a kind person to others, but never says anything [kind] to us. — Itam peelu - s u s u ’pam. Some of us are kind to all others but the ones at home. — Nu’ - s u ’pa; n u ’ ikiy ep leevep hdykinumngwu. I’m a kind person out in public [but] I’m always growling when I’m at home, dy-e’-su’p a (ovcr:therc-DIF-kind) d y e’ |ta y t a (-taayungw a or -tayyungwa) vi. des.i. look disparagingly at. Um inumi -tayta. You’re looking at me disparagingly, dy-e’-tay-ta [over:there-DIF-look-DUR] ^ ye’v i ( —t) n. 1. one on the other side of two op­ posing factions, dissenter, opponent. Taaqat wuwn i’at sinmuy lunatyayamuy qa su ’epniqw oovi pam pumuy amungaqw —. Because the man’s thinking is not in agreement with the objective of the peo­ ple, he is their opponent. — Hiita aw sinom na~ nawinyaqw hakqa arnun undngwie’pay -ningwu. One who does not agree with whatever the people are planning is a dissenter. 2. (hist.) a "Hostile,” esp. one who opposed the establishment of schools requiring mandatory attendance. Pam —tuy aw toonawta. He was associated with the “Hostiles.” ------ 1 hisat Orayve pay hakim sinom hdpUluy amungemPahaanattunatyayatqa naanawaknaqe put ep amuupewtotiqe nawus pangqw hoonaniwa. In the old days the “Hostiles” were the Hopi people who did not want to go along with the Anglo’s plans for Hopis, which they opposed, and so they had to be driven from there. Ay-e’-vi [over:there-DIF-NR] Cf. pahannanawaknaqa, a “Friendly.” a y e ’w a t adv. along that other one, in other places. Pam - lulskwat ang waynuma. He’s traveling in another country. — Mima sinom — kitsokit ang pas hinwat yu ’a ’atota. Those people in other vil­ lages talk differently (from u s ) .------ umni, along the other side there — Pam taawit — kuynaqw nu qa angk pilu. He started to sing the song along a different course (in pitch), and 1 could not reach him (in pitch), ay-e’-wa-t [over:there-DIF-SPEC-ACC] Aykatsina (~m) n. a kachina with the head colored like any of the various rattles given to children by kachinas. Ay-katsina [rattle-kachina] ayjlawu (-lalwa) vn.i. be making a rattle or rattles. Taaqa lawiyal angqw neengem -law u. The man is making a rattle from a gourd for himself. ay-lawu [rattle-CONT] Var. aayalawu. Aymavoko n.sg. lower Pasture Canyon, north of Moencopi. ay-mavoko Iraule-embrace] ayo’ (extr. aydq) dem.postp.sg. 1. toward over there, to that place, to a point over there away from the speaker, off, away. Hisat Hopiit — S t’do-

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doing). — Qa hakiy - unangwmokinkyangw hiita luy kiiyamuy aw tutkyay huuyawisngwu. Long ago hintsakngwu. Don’t be displaying any ill feelings Hopis went (from here) over there to Zuni Pueblo towards those others while you’re doing something. to barter their goods. — Ya hak - wdrikiwta? ay-d’ [over:there-DES] Cf. pet. aydm, dif. ajU or Who’s running off that way? — Pavan yaw pam (YS) aydng, abl. aydngqw. - wupahayiwia. It was sure hanging down long. a y o ’w a t (eWr. ayoq.wat; patu. ~ a)adv.sg. 1. to ------ m u’a. She tacked it over there. — Ayo’haanother, over there instead. Tiyo aydngqw waymaqami luuva’a. Throw it away somewhere. — Tiy qe qa pewnit pu ’ - kiihut aw paki. When the boy ayoqhaqami wd ’dkna. She laid her child down over walked from over there, he didn’t come here but there. — Itam aydq qddhiwtaqat aqwni. We will went to the other house and entered. — P u ’ yaw go way over there where the fire is burning. — sukw angqw — piw uuyit aw tso’dmti. Then he Haqawat Hopiit aydq Payutmomiq maq.wisngwu. jumped from one plant to another plant. — Pam Some Hopis go way over (from here) to Payutmo to hunt. — Itam aydq teevenge hakiy paasayat paatuwaqatsit — yama. He crossed over to the other side of the ocean. — / ’ hapi Hopi mookye’ qdniktoni. We will go way off toward the south­ west to circle someone’s field (there). — Ya hak pay hapi — lutskwamimantani. In truth, when Hopis die they will (each one) be going to another aydqpSnawit mo’o ’ota? Who’s walking at a steady world. — Itwat n u ’ ason - itdasoy aw klmani. pace along the road away from us way down These (several) I’ll take over to our grandmother’s. there? — Sutsvaqw aqw yungkyangw pay piw ayoq­ — Pu’pam piw - sukw wuutit pay piw sokoplawhaqami ndngakngwu. They enter from one side and ngwu. And he will start coveting another woman go out that way again. — A: Ya iiutatsi peqwwat again. — Maana ayoq.wat taytaqe tiyo aw pituqw pdosi? B; Qa ’e, ayoqhaqami. A; Did your ball fall put qa tuwa. Because the girl was looking toward this way? B: No, over that way. — - tuuva’a; the other direction (completely opposite), she did saskwi. Throw it away; it’s worn out. — Uumay not see the boy when he reached her. 2. (temp.) - aydnti’i. Take your hand away (somehow). — toward the next unit of time in the fuwre. Pas qa Qdtdyatyaw - tuku. He cut away its head. — Qa qeni; pay kya as - santit aw qinini. There is no hakiy - n o ’i ’yta. He’s not denying anyone from time; maybe next week there will be time. — Nu ’ participating (keeping anyone away from it). — — tal’angmi paapu neengem maalamni. For next Haaki, n u ’ naat aydq hakimuy aqw tayta. Wait, summer I will make sure to clear a field for my­ I’m still looking at some people way over there. self. — Pdasat p u ’ - Paamuymi itam momsay2. (idiom., withyoma, nonga, kuukuyva) make it rutuyni. Then, come the next Paamuya we’ll spon­ through to the other side (as of an ordeal). Itam sor the Buffalo dance. — Ason pu ’ — muuyawuy pu ’ tdmd ’ pay as qa wuuhaq ko ’ykydakyangw pay aw p u ’ hakim uylalwangwu. We do the planting hin - kuukuyva. Although we didn’t have a lot of during the next following month. — - ydawood this winter we somehow managed to get over sangwuy aw pay kya itam aw dntini. Next year to the other [season]. — — nukwangwyama. (or maybe we’ll complete our plans, ay-o’-wa-t (over: nukwangw’ayo’yama) He got out of it beautifully there-DES-SPEC-ACC] (without a problem, or without having to do it). — Kwakwhd, itam qa pas tsongso’t - nonga. Thank ayoq (paus. ayoqa, ayoq’a) dem.postp.sg. extr. of ayd’, toward there (away from the speaker), to that goodness; we came through without starving. — time yet to pome, ay-6-q [over:there-DES-EX] Tdmdlnawit - nonga, itangum, itiasom. Our mothers and our grandmothers lived through the ayoq.wat adv. extr. of ayo’wat, toward that other over there. ay-o-q-vvfl-r[over;there-DES-EX-SPEC-ACC] winter. 3. (temp.) to that time yet to come, in the future, in time. Pay - tdmd’mi hiita tunatuytaniqw ay|ta ( - t o t a ) vn.p. make a rattle. Katsina kur qatuvos. Planning something towards winter is very tiydoyat engem ~ta; oovi engem kwusiva. Appar­ risky. — Pay uma ayo’haqami tuho’osmihaqami ently the kachina has made a rattle for the little pu ’ piw angqw pdotani. Come check again some­ boy; that’s why he brought it for him. dy-ta (rattletime in the future around fall. — Aydq yasmiqha-CAUS] Var. aayata. qami puma tiingapya. They have announced the ayve’y |ta ( —yungwa) vn.i. have a rattle design. [date for the] ceremony for next year. — Aydq Aykatsina pi —tangwu. The Ay kachina is the one yasmiq p u ’ n u ’ tuwat pdliituyni. At that time next that has a rattle design, ay-ve- ’y-ta [rattle-mark-POSSyear, then I in turn will sponsor the Butterfly -DUR] dance. — Pangsoq aydq tuho ’osmiq tuutusungwni- ayvena ( —ya) vn.p. 1. paint a rattle. Naat um qat aqw pitungwu. It gets way into fall when cold inungem qa - ? Did you paint a rattle for me yet? spells come. — Ayoqhaqami pay itam pas son qa — —t p u ’ aw nakwatoyna. After he painted the sdosoyam pahdntuqayyungwni. In time all of us rattle, he adorned it with feathers. 2. make a rattle will probably be able to speak English. — Pay kya design on. Nu’ owat ep - . \ made a rattle design naat hihin ayoqhaqami itam as it katsinawuy hinon the rock, ay-vena [rattle-draw] tsatskyani. Perhaps we will still have kachina ayveni n.sg. rattle design, any ceremonies way into the future. — Itam ydapiy design on a rattle. Pay — qa ayoqhaqami tdmd’mi qa paapu aapiy kok’o ’oyni? suupwa. There are several From now on shouldn’t we be hauling in loads of (different) rattle designs, ayfirewood in anticipation of winter this time? — -veni [rattle-marking] Ayoqhaqami muuyawuy aqw uma p u ’ kiilalwani. ayveni lawu (-la lw a ) vn.i. Some months from now then you can do your keep painting rattles. N u’ housebuilding. — Pay n u ’ ason ayoqhaqami nuuaayal wuuhaq yukdutaqe put ayveni tumni. I’ll wait to participate with them sometime teeveppenlawu, —lawu. Since later in the fumre. — Ayoqhaqami yasmiq pu ’ yaw I made a lot of rattles, I was painting them all pay pam uytuwi’yva. In the following year he day; 1 kept painting rattles, ay-ven-lawu [rattle-drawlearned how to plant. — Nu’ ason ayoqhaqami -CONT] santit aqw p u ’ piw tiimaytoni. I’ll wait to go see a ayvenjta ( —tota) vn.i. be painting a rattle. Tihut dance until some weeks go by. — Ason aydq aayayatang - ta . He’s painting the kachina doll’s Kyaamuyat moktupoq p u ’ itam aw yukuni. Wait rattle, ay-ven-ta [rattle^iraw-REP] until way toward the end of Kyaamuya, then we’ll ayven|ta ( - to ta ) vn.p.pl.obj. paint rattles. N u’ fix it. 4. to, towards those other(s) (out of sight). taavok pay - ta . I already painted the rattles Um qa ndutum - sinot yuuyuynani. Don’t commit yesterday, ay-vdn-ta [rattle-draw-DlSTR[ wrongs against the other people (as some are

E e-, ee- pro.prjx.

3rd person singular object prefix, i.e., him, her, it. Used with verbs and postposi­ tions in -e- or with -e- in the combining form, cf. e-ngem [3P-for], Var. a-, ia -, Cf. amu-, amiiu-, them; inu-, inuu*, me; itamuu-, us; u*, U U -, U U -, you (sg.); umu-, umuu>, you (dl./pl.). -e postp. diffusive postposition (in extreme suffix complex -qe). p d n g q -, along there — aqlavaq-, along beside — kits ’ovaq ~ . along the rooftop Var. -e* 2 (in other positions). -e’ 1 subor. same-subject subordinating suffix. The use of this suffix in a primary clause correlates with the main clause ending either in future tense (conveying the meaning “if, on the occasion that, when at some time in the future”) or in habitual tense (conveying “whenever, when such is the case”). Pay pi nuy tuw-- pi inumumni. If he finds me, he can come along with me. — Urn puuyaltaqw suptuni. If you fly, you’ll get there right away. — N u’ sutsep aw p i t - n u ’ hiita mdqamantani. Every time I get there I should give her something. — Tutskwa itsehe 'tiqw hak qaletutskwat heev— put angnen pay hak qa tsivoktingwu. When the ground gets soggy you look for hard ground fo go on so you don’t get mired. — Hak kur nods — pas haalayngwu. I guess you’re happiest when you eat. Cf. -nen, the form of this subordinator with a non-verb predicate. -e ’ 2 postp. diffusive postposition, in u q l-, past me — teeveng —, along the southwest — haahaq —, in different places, all over — Often found in combi­ nation with ~ky~: Va iik y - kwangwqat? Is it nice outside? Var. -e (after extreme suffix: -qe). e^no n g ip a u s. ~ a , adv.pl. 1. repeatedly in­ cluding, in addition, as well. Pam mimhikpuva tumala 'ytangwu. He works during nights as well. — Huukyangw mdmtsikvut — ikwiyay ang tsaqalanta. The wind is gradually forming a long pile of trash and other things along (the leeward side oO niy windbreaks. 2. repeatedly in the way. Uuhomiy dakwayngyavoq soma 'a; um — tuumoyta. Tie your hair to the back; it keeps getting in your way while you’re eating. — It uupakoy ayd ’ 6ya ’a; itam - .y a . Put your cottonwood root away; it keeps getting in our way. — Um pas nuy —.Y ou keep getting in my way (“getting me in your way by virtue of your movements”), e -’nang [RDP-including] Cf. sg. enang. e’wa|y(om) {acc. ~kw(muy)) adj. like, having the characteristics of; pi. of eway. e-'wa-y(o-m) [RDP-like-NOM(-NSG)] e’yokinpi n. bells; pi. of eyokinpi. e-’yokinpi [RDP-bell] ee-, e- pro.prjx. 3rd person singular object prefix, i.e., him, her, it. Used with verbs and postposi­ tions in -e-. Var. ia -, a-. Cf. amuu-, amu-, them; inuu-, inu-, me; itamiiu-, itamu-, us; uu-, uu-, U -, you (sg.); umuu-, umu-, you (dl./pl.). ee’epsa postp. at or in only the same place. Povolhoya — puvuyala. The little butterfly is hov­ ering. — Pam - hintsakngwu. He always does it in the same place. — A: Ya rrui’dapi qa roya? B: A s’d, pay as roya; niikyangw — royayata. A; Has the fastener (screw) turned? B: Yes, it has turned; but it’s turning in the same place (not on the thread). — Naat yaw i ' taawa - niqw pay yaw puma pangsoq pitu. It is said that they got there when the sun was still at the same place (at the same time of day), ee-’ep-sa [RDP-PCT-onlyJ (ee)peq l. next to, alongside. Umput i e wiinuni. Stand by him / Stand next to him. — Puma mamant p ik ’iniy yanwiskyangw put maanat l e - y a . Those girls went alongside that girl with their trays of piki held this way. — Pangqw p u ’

aren’t looking good), iepetap-ma [rcplant-POSTG] naat mit am u u - kuyva. He just appeared from over there alongside them. — Inuu - wunuptu. He ^ p e t a p j t a (* to ta ) vt.p. plant (multiple plants) took a stand by me. 2. (with motion verb) past alongside a previous planting. Nu' ang - ta . I (traveling in the same direction). Tiyo sungway planted along there beside the previous plantings. i e - a ‘ni wari. The boy dashed past his friend. — — Pay n u ’ sdosovik - ta . I’ve put in substitute ^ e — wdriku’u. Run past him. — Nu' pumuy plants everywhere (that they’re needed), depetap-ta [replant-DISTR] amUu— wari. I ran past them. — In u u - wari. He ran past me. (both running; compare: Inuqle' ^ e p e t a j v i 1 ( - p y a ; comb, - p - ) vi.p. plant a wari. He ran past me. [only one running]) — Pam plant alongside a previously planted one. N u’ ep piw itamiiu - yama. He went out ahead of us. — —VI. I planted a plant beside a previously planted Nu' umhu— wari. I ran past you (nsg.). ee-peq one there. — Puma ang -p ya . They planted [3P-passing:byl Cf. refl. n^epeq, alongside each plants by previously planted ones along there. other; (aa)sawva, past (traveling in opposite d-epe-tavi [3P-PCT-put(SG:0BJ)J directions). ^ p e t a v i 2 n.sg. second planting, planted along­ ( ^ ) p e q |l a w u (~lalw a) vp.i. 1. keep trying to side a poor first crop. Pas yang i — a 'ni oqawi’yta. My second planting along here is growing with overtake or do better than. Nu’ itdatahay ie -ld w vigor. qe p u ’ put epniiqe wiiuko’ew uuya. Since I’m trying to outdo my maternal uncle, I have planted eepetaviljti (-toti) vi.p. get replanted where a much more area this time than he did. 2. regularly first planting failed, iepetav-il-ti [repIam-PASS-R] pass, overtake. Pam tiyo pas namunwanpuva wpetaviw|ta (-yungwa) vi.i. be replanted sdosokmuy amiiu - lawu. That young man regularly where a first planting failed. Pay p u ’ sdosovik passes everyone at ceremonial racing times, ie-peq-yungwa. It is replanted all along there (where -lawu [3P-passing:by-C0NT] needed), eepetav-iw-ta [replani-PASS-DUR] ( e e )p e q n i’y 1m a (^w isa) vp.i. 1. be passing, ( w )p e w ipaus. -i, -M , - i ’i) postp. in op­ overtaking. Pas um qa hdytaqw n u ’ nuwu pay position to, opposing, counter to, adversely, in the Uu-ma. You are going so slowly that I am opposite fashion from, against, as in a game. gradually overtaking you. — Itam nanarminwaqw Taaqa tsuu’ay e e - anaha’at lavdyti. The man nu ’ iiu—maqw um inumi pavan hin yori. When we spoke harsh words against his rival. — Kur nu' were running a race and I was passing you, you yangqw u m h u - hingqawni. Let me speak from gave me a dirty look. 2. go along ahead of. Nu' here in opposition to you. — Pam mongwit i e put yuumosa pangqw ie - m a . I kept ahead of him tumala 'yta. He works against the chief. — Putakw all the way from there, ie-peq-ni-’y-ma [3P-passing: pam hakimuy i e - i , unangwyamuy hovalaninik(t) by-NR-POSS-PRCXi] pantingwu. He goes against them with that when ( ^ ) p e q |t a (-to ta ) vp.p. 1. overtake, pass. Nuy he wants to break their hearts; he does it that way. wiikit in iiu-ta. Having caught up with me he — Inuu - wari. He ran towards me. — Itamuu overtook me. — M i' tiyo hin’ur wartaqe sdosok­ huuhukya. The wind is blowing against us. — muy tuu’ie - ta . Since that boy is a fast runner, he Tuwqamuy a m h u - wunuptungwu. He confronts his overtook all the others. 2. do better than, surpass. enemies. — Pam HotvHpituy am hu—i. He’s Nu' pas mdakyat i e —ta. I did better than the against the Hotevilla people. — Nu’ put taaqat hunter. — Itam Pdllituy toktayyungqw puma itamuh e-V i. I’m opposed to that man. de-pew [3P-opposmi kiipokqe itam iiu-tota. When we had a Butter­ ingl fly dance vigil, they raided us and surpassed us in (e e )p e w ’i w l t a (-y u n g w a) vp.i. be opposed to. performance, de-peq-ta [3P-passing:by-CAUS] Itdataha mongvaqawnaqw nu' pay ie - t a . Our (e e ) p e q |t i (~toti) vp.p. pass, get in a position maternal uncle is in line to be chief but I’m op­ ahead of pro. Put i e —ti. He got ahead of him. — posed to it. — Ima ydasa’ de-yungqam pas qa Panis hapi um ^e -tiq w p u ' hapi ung wuvdatani. nang’eknaya. Those who were opposed to him As soon as you get ahead of him, he will hit you. didn’t give up. — Pam suukya am uu—taqa nawis— Pay kur um p u ’ noshati; oovi nu’ pay iiu -ti. 'ew kur nakwha. The one who was against them I guess you have become weak now because I have finally gave in. de-pew-’iw-ta [3P-q3posing-ST-DUR] gotten ahead of you. de-peq-ti [3P-passing:by-R] ( ^ ) p e w i |l a w u (-la lw a ) vp.i. be resisting, op­ ( e e ) p e q t i|m a (-w isa ) vp.i. keep passing, over­ posing. Qa hak haqam hisat hakiy paapu hiita ep taking. Put po k’at ee—maqw e ’nang kwilalatima. de-lawni. No one should ever be opposing anyone His dog was repeatedly going past him so he was about anything anywhere. — Qa hak paapu hakiy having to step over it. — Pay kur itam peep sunan tuptsiwniyat ep de-law ni. No one should be op­ hongit; paysoq nu’ iiu—ma. We’re almost the posing anyone because of his religion. — It yantasame in our speed as runners [but] I just keep qat akw de-lalw a. They are opposing him with overtaking you as we go along. — Pay yaw puma things like this. — Pahaanat yep itam uu-law u. pas pansa aqwhaqami naa’ee —ma. They were The (two) Anglos here are opposing us. — Qa hak going along passing each other in that same man­ ■ pumuy am uu-law u. Nobody is opposing them. — ner. — Nu' angqw tuu'ee—ma. I went along from Himuwa hongvi amhu-lawngwu. One of them there passing everyone, ee-peq-t-ima [3P-passing:by- who’s strong is usually confronting them, de-pewi-CAUS-PROG] -lawu [3P-opposing-CONT] ^ p e t a p - comb, of wpetavi 1. [replant-] (^ e )p e w it postp. 1. in opposition to, in conflict w p e t a p |la w u ( - I a lw a ) vi.i. be planting next to, with, contrary to, counter to. Is uti, naat as umwa or replanting next to where a first planting failed owaqdltunatya 'ytaniqw pay hu - pamwa tutsvala. or is doing poorly. A: Um hintsaki? B: Nu’ - l a ­ Oh my, you were the one to sponsor the Owaqol wu; yang mdoti’uyi pay sumataq mangu’iwma. dance, but she’s the one that assembled others (for A: What are you doing? B: I’m replanting; the a dance) in conflict with you. — Um pas naap first plantings along here look like they’re wilting. uu — y u ’a ’ata. You’re talking counter to yourself. depetap-lawu [replant-CONT] 2. come meeting. Uma pay i n h u - t inungem nite e p e ta p m a ( ~ya) vi.p. have been to plant next to kya’ymani. Come meet me with some food, dea plant that is doing poorly, has been destroyed, or -pewi-t [3P-opposing*ACC] has failed. Nawus n u ’ imori’uyiy ep - . I came (ee)pewiti|ma (-wisa) vp.i. go along opposing, back from having to plant next to some plants (that contradicting, acting in opposition to. Pam sutsep

(^)pewlawu

47

eneveq

kangaroo rat burrow began caving in on me (under with my hand motions I quit. 2. get in between, my weight). 3. with (wari) run over. / ’ hapi pas get in the way of. Owaqoltikive wahitaqamuy ung niinaniqe oovi ung — wdrikni. This guy is hohomyaqam -totiqw tusi’ewtingwu. At the Basket going to run over you because he wants to kill dance when those grabbing for thrown things get in you. — Nu’ kohot - warikqw a ’ni isikisve tuniunthe way of the throwers, it beeomes dangerous. ti. When 1 ran over a small log my car sure ie-tse-ts-ep-ti [3 P-RDP-between-PCT-R) Var. bytsebumped a lot. 4 . (neg.) not included, left out, tsepti. from, omitted. Hiihingsakwmuy kanelmuy eewa’iwjta (—yungwa) vi.i. (fem.spkr.?) be excluded mamngyayatuy pay qa - laalaywisngwu. They weakened from age or injury. Nu’ -ta q e oovi kur would exclude (not take along) the small lambs of hin dngemni. I’m weak so I can’t do it for you. the sheep when they went herding. — Nu ’ pay put eewa-’iw-ta (wounded-ST-DUR] Var. ewawta. qa — mdqaniqey wuuwanta. I think that 1 might eewa 1ta ( -tota) vt.p. incapacitate, wound, physi­ overlook him in giving things out (to others). Cf. cally harm. Pam nuy hoy akw m u’daqe nuy - ta . pi. e’nang. He shot me with his arrow and wounded me. enang | ta ( —tota) vt.p. 1. add to, get in addition, eewa-ta [wounded-CAUS] include, W i u t i kwaayaqmokt p u ’ qdtotuyat -ta q e eewa|ti (-toti) vi.p. (fem.spkr.?) = ewilti. pas kyaanavota. After the woman got a cold, she eewa-ti [wounded-R] added a headache, and so she really suffered. — Eewero n.sg. (YS) = Eewiro. Nu’ inomay qooqayat —ta. I’ve taken on my Eewiro (-m) n. a type of warrior kachina that wife’s older sister (as an additional lover). — Pay kur itupko pas piw ivasay angqw wuuyaq - ta . It appears in a pair to interact with clowns in the looks like my younger brother has taken a large plaza when they ate performing as part of a kachina ceremony. Tsutskut qa unangwtalyaqe portion of my field to add to his. — Pam yaw put tootsit - ta . He added those shoes (to his pur­ —tuy pituqw qa nanapta. Since the clowns were so posing-R] , (ee)pew | to (—wisa) vp. i. go to meet pro (who is preoccupied with themselves, they didn’t hear the chase). — Puma momoymuy -to ta . They include the women participants. 2. (instr.) adopt, accept two Eewiro kachinas arrive, coming from the other direction), and renirn with and put to use. Pay pi suyan Hopiit Kastiilat atsviy pro. Nu ’ itanay tuwa; angqw hiita wuko 'ikwiwtaqw ehe’tihi intetj. See is ehe’tihi. moorot akw qatsiy ep -to ta . It’s true that the p u ’ n u ’H -to n iq ey wuuwa. When 1 saw our father enang (paw. bnanga, enang’a) adv.jg. 1. also, as Hopis adopted the burro from the Spanish to use in well, and, in addition to, besides, else, included m, coming with something heavy on his back 1 de­ their lifestyle, inang-ta [including-CAUS] a part of, P u’ pay Hopi pastapit akw - tuma­ cided to go meet him. — Pam pas kukuy akw la 'ytangwu. Now a Hopi works also with a horse- enang|ti(R£P-CIRCG-PL] Cf. sg. wunuutaptiniima.

hongvi’iwma

94

hongva vi.p.pl. l. stand up, get to a standing position. Pdasat pu ’ naaloyom mamant naanan ’i vaqw aqw ngwu; pu ’ pdasat kwiningyaqw mdoti aqw maana samit tuuvangwu. At that time then four girls position themselves at the edge (of the ground oven) on all four sides; then the girl on the northwestern edge is the first to throw sweet corn into [the pit]. — Koo’awkatsinam ruukuntote’ yukuyaqw mamant sii^ngwu. When the Koo’aw kachinas are through with the rasping song, the kachina maiden raspers stand up quickly (from their kneeling positions to dance alongside). 2. get up to rehearse a dance. Puma mosayurtivaniqe When they were going to do the Buffalo dance they got up to rehearse the dance. — Pay hiita tsetseltawi’yyungwe’ hakim put akw -^ngwu. If they know some social dance songs, they get up to rehearse the dance with it. — Itam tooki suus naat ~ . Last night we got up to rehearse the dance for the first time. 3. halt, come to a standstill, to a stop. Sikisvemat hinyUngqe pangqe’ suus Something’s wrong with their cars, so they came to a standstill there. 4. become “in place”: 4a. take office, assume roles. Pay p u ’ haqawat tsaatsayom qa hiita wiiwimkyam m ong^. Nowa­ days some of these young people who aren’t initiated into anything have taken leadership posi­ tions. — Kookopngyam put wiimit aqw The Fire clan took their position (as leaders) of that ceremony. — Taahamat qeniy ang The mater­ nal uncles took positions in their places (roles). 4b. adopt a position on. Puma navotiy ep They took a position in support of their tradition. 4c. become established, erected. Naanangk pam pang kitsofd - . Those villages got established along there one after another, hong-va Istand(PL)-INGR] Cf. i. hoongi; sg. wunuptu. hongvana(-ya) v/.p./?/.oZy. 1. cause to stand up. Pam tsovawtaqamuy ^ t p u ’ pumuy ninmaniqat ayata. After he made those who were in attendance stand up, he told them to go home. 2. make stop in place, come to a standstill. Itamutpipo pdkiiqe itamuy ^ . When he got in front of us to block us, he stopped us. hong-van-a [statxl(PL)-INGR-CAUS] hongvanisatti vi.p.sg. become time to rehearse a dance (in the kiva). Pay ason - q w p u ’nu’kivami’ ni. When it gets to be time to rehearse the dance. I’ll go to the kiva. hong-va-ni-sa-t-ti [stand(PL)-INGR-FUT-QNT-time-R]

hongvanta vi.i.pl. l. be getting to one’s feet, getting in standing position. Waawakast naanangk - . The cows are getting up (from the ground) one after another. — Itam kivamiq tiimaywisqe qa qeniptuyaqe itam hongvanta. When we went in the kiva to watch dances we didn’t find room (to sit), so we had to stand up intermittently to make room (as each kachina group came in to dance). 2. be getting “in place” literally or figuratively as in adopting a position on or taking office. Paas uma naanangk '-ni; pay hak qeniy tuwi’ytangwu. Take care in positioning yourselves in line behind each other; you know your own places, (kachina father to the kachinas) — Pu ’ mongqenit aqw naanangk - . And they were taking the leadership position in succession. 3. be coming to a standstill or stop. Kiisonviy a ’iikye’ tiitimayt sikisvey akw - . On the outside of the dance arena the (incoming) specta­ tors are parking their cars. 4. be participating at dance rehearsals. Poliituwanlalwaqe kivdape mihikqw —. When they were rehearsing the Butterfly dance, they were getting up to do dance rehearsals in the kiva at night. 5. (dif.) for muscles to be contracting or cramping in several places. Pas nu’ kur maangu ’i; oovi pas sdosovik inuupa —. I guess I got very tired, that’s why my muscles were cramping all over, hong-van-ta [stand(PL)-INGR-REP]

Cf. sg. wungwnuptu. Syn. 5. kwupta. ( ^ y a ) vt.i.pl.obj. 1. be gening them to stand up. Um pumuy paas naanangk ^n i. Carefully take them to stand one behind the other. 2. be getting them to come to a stop. Sikisvemuy paas naanangk —. He’s making the cars come to a complete stop, one after the other, hong-van-to-yna [stand(PL)-INGR-REP-CAUS] hongvi (man. h o o - or h 6 ~ , anim. hdhongvit)) adj. 1. strong, sturdy, durable. A: Um hin hinta? B: Pay nu’ naat a ’ni A: How are you? B: I’m still pretty strong. — Pay pi hak wuydote’ qa an '-ningwu. When one gets old one’s not as strong (as he used to be). — Lestavi hd —. The beams are strong. — Tuuvinglawu hin hdhongvitniiqat. He kept asking them how strong they were. — Pas puma hin hdhongvitniiqey pan na ’atsqoknaya. They pushed it as hard as they were able to. 2. (neg.) weak. N u’ p u ’ qa an I’m not as strong as I used to be. — Puma yephaqam qa hdhongvit akw yakta. They’re walking around here with weak [legs]. Cf. oqala, perseverant, having good endur­ ance and power. hongvi(’at)(-mat)n.pow. 1. strength. / - indupa sulawti. My strength has drained from me. — Pam ~ y akw qa sUusa mongvasti. He didn’t once benefit from his strength. — P u’ yaw pay piw puma ephaqam tuwat imuy tootimuy, tdataqtuy '-yamuy aw pdotayanik(t) p u ’ yaw puma piw wawar’dkingwu. And also sometimes when they want to test the strength of these young men they would come as Runner [kachinas]. 2. low gear. Um —yat akwni. Go in low gear. — Pam sikisvey pas —yat aqw panat p u ’ oomiq wupto. After he put his car in low gear, he started up. hongvi-’at

hongvantoyna

lstrong-3P]

hongvij’aya ( —’a ’yam;

comb. poss.pl. - ’aym-) n. 1. someone physically and mentally capable of handling a difficult task. Itda— ’a ’yam donatotiqe pay kur watqa. Our strong men got lazy and apparently fled.------ ’aymat sdosoyam noomatota. All of her able-bodied men got married. — Imuy uu - ’aymuy um amdngk hoonani. Send these, your able-bodied men, after them. 2. (usu. poss.) the most respected or trusted person in a clan or family, the “backbone” of the family. Itdataham pu ’ pay okiw pas wuydototiqw oovi sus ’itdapava p u ’ i t d a - ’aya. Our poor maternal uncles have now gotten so old that our oldest brother is now the backbone of our family, hongvi-’aya [strong-helper]

hongvi’ay |ta

( - t o t a ) vt.p. l. send to go after s.th. Itam kur itdanitkyay suutokqw oovi n u ’ imoyiy aw ahoy - ta , itamungem nitkyamoktoniqd. We ap­ parently forgot to bring our journey food so I have to send my grandson back to bring the journey food in a sack. 2. appoint as a bodyguard, messen­ ger. Pu ’yaw pumuy mongwi ’am hakiy pas wukotaqat - ta . Then their leader appointed someone that was a big man as a bodyguard. — Naanangk ima masa’yyUngqamuy -to ta . These people chose one winged creature after another as messengers, hongvi- ’dy-ta [strong-helper-CAUS] hongvi’ayjti (~ to ti) vi.p. get appointed as a messenger. N u’ pumuy amungem —ti. I got ap­ pointed as a messenger for them, hongvi-’dy-ti [strong-helpcr-R]

hongvi I ’eway (dl.

—’ewayom, pi. —’e’wayom; acc. —’ewakw, dl. —’ewakwmuy, pi. - ’e’wakwmuy) adj. strong-looking. Pam a ’ni - *eway. He is really strong-looking, hongvi-’ewa-y [strong-like-NOM]

hongvi’iw|ma

( —wisa) vi.i. be getting strong. Su’aw -m akyangw pam hokyaqwhi. Just when he was getting strong, he broke his leg. hongvi- ’iw-ma

hongvi’iwta [strong-ST-PROG] Cf. oqawi’yma, be gaining or regaining strength, recovering. hongvi’iw|ta(~yimgwa) vi.i. be strong. Qapas pas -yungwa. They’re not so strong. — Pan pi hak a ’ni -tangwu. That’s the way one keeps strong, hongvi-'iw-la [strong-ST-DUR] hongvi I hoya(~h5oyam) n. strong one (usu. a young person). Yaw naat pam qa pas —hoya. He was not yet a strong little one. hongvi-hoya [strong-

95

hoohokwangwtutku

a honhokyasmi. Polimana pas soosonwakw akw Hoo’e ( - m ) n. a kachina. p e ’ytaqat —ta. The Butterfly social dance girl hoo’i n. loads of several objects each; pi. of ho’i. wears brightly-colored (and patterned) anklets, honhch’i [RDP-load] -hokyda-som-ta [bear-Ieg-tie-DUR] Hoo’ojvi (postp. -v e(q ), -va(q e), -m i(q ), honhokyaasom Ita(-tota) vn.p. put on a hon­ —ngaqw) n.sg. Aztec National Monument (in New hokyasmi. Hak kukiupaqay angqe’ -tangwu; niiMexico). hoo-’o~vi [airow-up-NR] kyangw mdmiq.wat pam sdmiltiqw p u ’ peeni’at hoohokont (acc. hoohokdntuy; comb, -hobo* dakwayngyavoq maatsiwtangu. One puts the hon­ kont, acc. -bobokontuy) n. monarch butterflies; hokyasmi around the ankle; however, it ties at the pi. o f bookona. hoo-hokon-t [RDP-monarch:butterfront side so its pattern will show on the back side. -DIM] fly-NSG] hongvi {lawn (-la lw a ) vi.i. be building the hon-hokyda-sdm-ta [bcar-leg-tie-CAUS] h o o h o k w a n g w - comb, of boobokwangwa. strength of. Itam wawarlawnikyangw; itam pantsa- honhokyasmi n.sg. [notch-] woven anklet with kye' naa~lawni. We should be running; if we do boobokwangwa (comb, boobokwangw-, bobomulti-coloredceremothat, we’ll get ourselves in shape, hongvi-lawu kwangw*) n.sg. the notch at the feather-end of an nial designs. Pu ’ ka[strong-CONT] Cf. nahongvilawu, keep exerting honhokyasmi arrow, which the bowstring fits into. Iho —y dapiy tsina put tootsiy atsva oneself. pdatsi. My arrow split from the notch down, hoop u ’ pam ’ ytangwu. And a kachina wears a pat­ hongvi It a ( - tota) vt.p. build up strength, make -ho-kwangwa [RDP-arrow-pleasant] strong, N u’ itiakway pay hihin piw ahoy -ta . 1 terned anklet over the uppers of his moccasins. boobokwangw|lawu(-lalwa) vn.i. be notch­ hon-hokya-smi [bcar-leg-tied:thing] have made our grandfather a little bit stronger ing the end of (an arrow). Nu’p u ’ ihoy (ang / aw) again. — Angsakis wawarqe pay hihin naa—ta. H6nkatsina(-m) n. a kachina. hdn-katsina [bear-lawu. I’m putting a notch on the end of my -kachina] Since he’s been running regularly he has built arrow, hoohokwangw-lawu [notch-CONT] honkukun.jg. 1. bear tracks. Ydngqe kur peqwhimself up a little, hongvi-ta [strong-CAUS] Cf. boobokwangw|ta(-tota) vn.p. notch the end haqami hoonaw’u; oovi ang nahongvita, exert oneself, of (an arrow). Um naat uuhoy qa (aw) —ta? hongvi I ti (~ to ti) vi.p. gain in strength. Pay Apparently a bear came through Haven’t you put the notch on the end of your here; that’s why there are b e a r' hakim ason Isay —tiqw son ason qa piwningwu. arrow yet? hoohokwangw-ta [notch-CAUS] Var. tracks way over here. 2. bear track When a child gets strong, a couple can always bohokwangwta. pattern. Hdnkatsinat taywave have another one. — Tsangawpuma —totikyangw boobokwangWtotoyna( - ya) vn. i. be providing p e ’ytangwu. A bear track pattern qa yuyutya. It’s a good thing that they’re strong, (an arrow) with a notch. N u’ p u ’ hoohut (aw) —. marks the Bear kachina’s face. hdnkuku def. 2 but (it’s too bad) they’re not doing any running. — I’m putting a notch on my arrow now. hoohohdn-kuku [bear-tracks] Hak waware’ sii-tingw u. If one runs (regularly), kwangw-to-to-yna [notch-RDP-CAUS-CAUS] Var. bohonkwita n.sg. l. bear scat. Nu’ qa hisat haqam one gets strong quickly, hongvi-li Istrong-R) hokwangwtotoyna. hongvitoyna (~ y a ) vi./vl.p. make strong, rein­ - t aw yori. I haven’t seen any bear scat around boobokwangwtoyna ( - y a ) vn.p. provide (an for a long time. 2. dates (fruit). Hakim t noonoforce, provide with strength. Aw — ’a. Reinforce arrow) with a notch. Nu’ ihoy —t p u ’ lelwi. I cut vangwu. We eat dates, hdn-kwita [bear-excrement] it. — Nu’ iwarik’ayay a ’ni —. I have made my a notch in my arrows, then painted them, hoohoracer (the man I’m training) very strong, hongvi-to- honmaqto n.sg. 1, front paw(s) of a bear. kwangw-to-yna [notch-CAUS-CAUS] Var. hobohin’ur soski’ytangwu. The front paw of a bear has -yna [strong-CAUS-CAUS] kwangwtoyna. hongvituwan I ta ( - to ta ) vi.des.p. test the big claws. 2. bear paw design. Hdnkatsina nan’i- boobokwangwjtuki (-tu tk i) n. V-shaped vaqw taywave - t akw p e ’ytangwu. The Bear strength of (s.th. inanimate). Aw —ta ’a; ason qa notch, V-shaped earmark of livestock. Hoohu —kachina is marked with a bear paw design on each ruupakqw p u ’ um aqw tsdkyani. Test its strength; tukqw pu ’ akw yukiwtangwu. Only when an arrow hon-maqtd [bear-fist] cheek, if it doesn’t slip, then load it on. hongvi-luwan-ta HonmurIU (po^/p. -v e(q ), -v a(q e), -m i(q ), is notched is it complete. — Peetu Hopiit [strong-try-CAUS] kanelvokmuy —tukitakw enang tuvoylalalwa. Some hongviveveriw|ma (-w is a ) vi.i. be getting —ngaqw) n.sg. a site between the Little Colorado Hopis also used a V-shaped earmark on their and Oraibi (southwest of Oraibi) where the Bow weak, losing strength. Uti, itupko ura hin’urhongsheep, hoohokwangw-tuk-i [notch-cut-NR] Var. hobo* clan stopped on its migration, ho-nmuru [juniperviningwu; nit pay p u ’ -m a. Gosh, my younger kwangwtuki. -ridge] brother was really strong, as you remember, and boobokwangwtukil {ti ( -t o ti) vi.p. become now he’s getting weak, hongvi-vevel-’iw-ma [strong- honng^api/i..rg. a plant whose root is chewed to notched into a V-shape. Hoohu -tiq w p u ’pdasat soothe the throat when building up the voice for -abate-ST-PROG] homastsokyangwu. After an arrow becomes hongviveveljti (~toti) vi.p. lose strength. Nu’ singing, or for a cold; may refer to Leucelene aw notched, then they put on the fletching. hoohoericoides or Townsendia incana. Hak dhdhdte’ —t wuydotiqe p u ’ pay pas a ’ni - t i . Since I’ve gotten kwangw-tuk-U-ti [notch-cut-PASS-R] Var. bobomdtstangwu. If you’re coughing, you should be old, now I’ve really lost strength, hongvi-vevdl-ti kwangwtukilti. chewing on honngdapi. hon-ngda-pi [bear-medicine(sirong-abate-R] boobokwangwtukiwjta (-yungw a) vi.i. hongwa n.sg. loop of metal at the back of a -NR] Syn. tootim. 1. be notched in a V-shape. Hoohu pay sutsep button, by which it is fastened to material. It Honngyam n.p/. Bear clan membership. - mdoti —tangwu; hak tumostanik(t) pdngqe awatvosit Oraymi oki. The Bear clan arrived first in Oraibi. mu ’dapit - ’at kur angqw qdhi. The loop on the tsokyangwu. An arrow is always notched in a hon-ngya-m [bear-clan:member(PL)-NSG] Cf. Sg. Honback of this button has apparently broken. V-shape; when you draw the bow and aim the hong.wik|hoya (-hdoyam) n. pigeon hawk, wungwa. arrow, you put the bowstring into it. 2. be ear­ merlin, -hoya kur itdakowaakovokmuy aqw honpukya n.sg. bear skin, - t angqw p u ’ pay marked with a notch at the tip of the ear. Pahaanam piw wukonapnat yuykuya. Nowadays the pdkiiqe pumuy qoya. It seems a pigeon hawk got Iwakasvokom putvaqwwat -yungyva. My cattle are Anglos make big overcoats from bear skins, hdninto our chickens and killed th em .------ hoya pay earmarked with a notch on the right side, hooho-pukya [bear-skin] kiisat hihin qa dasayningwu. The merlin is not kwangw-tuk-iw-ta [notch-cut-PASS-DUR] Var. boboquite as large as a pigeon hawk, hong-wik-hoya honsokin.5g. bear claw. - pi piw pavan ngdldwkwangwtukiwta. tangwu. The bear claw is also a type that is quite I(?)-visor-DIM] hoobokwangwtuku ( - y a ) vn.p. notch into a hongya n.sg. 1. gristle. Pas n u ’ - y a t qa kyaati. bent, hon-soki [bear-claw] V-shape. Taaqa hootaqe p u ’ put —. The man 1 can’t chew its gristle down. — It sikwi’at hin’ur honsuru/t.yg. bear tail. - pay okiw aqw pdlokiwmade an arrow, then he notched it. — Kaneelot - ’yta. The meat on this has tough gristle. 2, hy­ tangwu. A bear tail, poor thing, is all balled up tuvoylataqe naqvuyat —. When he earmarked the men. Halda’, kur - t tsiikya. Here I go to tear the (bobbed), hon-suru [bear-tail] sheep, he cut a notch on its ear. hoohokwangwhymen! (from a story) Honwungwa n.sg. Bear clan member. Itana pi -tuku [notch-cut] Var. bohokwangwtuku. hong.ya vi.i.pl. distr. o f hoongi. hong-ya [stand —. Our father is the one who is a Bear clan boobokwangwtutki Ita (-to ta ) vn.p. cut (PL)-PL] member, hon-wungwa [bear-clan:mcmbcr(SG)] Cf. pi. notches. Nu’ ihoy ang pay paas —ta. I cut notches Hongyam n.pl. Juniper clan membership. ~ pay Honngyam. on my arrows thoroughly (they’re completed). imuy Kookopngyamuy amumumya. The Juniper clan hoo- comb, of hoohu. [arrow-] AoJiokwangvi*-m -rJ:-i-/a[notch-RDP-cut-NR-CAU SlV ar. members are together with the Fire clan members hoo- comb, of bohu. [juniper-] hobokwangwtutkita. (in a phratry). ho-ngya-m [juniper-clan:member(PL)hoo’apu n. burden baskets; pi. of ho’apu. boobokwangwtutku( - y a ) vn.i. be cutting a -NSG] C f. sg. Hdwungwa. ho-’apu [RDP-burden:basket] notch. Naat n u ’p u ’ ihoy ang - . I was just cutting honhokyaasom| ta( - yungwa) vn.i. be wearing

hoohonma

a notch in my arrow, hoohokwangw-tu-lku [notchtion, causing to come of age. Puma timuy, kyekyel-RDP-cut] Var. hohokwangwtutku. hoymuy -y a . They are putting their ceremonial hoohonma (■-'ya) vt.i. be sprinkling with ceremo­ daughters, the initiates, through initiation rites. hoo-hoy-na [RDP-fledge-CAUS] Cf. p. hoyna 2. nial commeal. Katsinmuy ~ qa naasami kukuynaqat aw pitut p u ' put aw tsa 'lawngwu. The one who h o o h u (comb, hoc-, bo-, -ho) sprinkles commeal on kachinas goes halfway [down n.sg. 1. arrow. Puma —y akw the line] to the starter and then calls on him (to p u 'p u t angqw poosiyat hdrokna. start the dance). — Pumuy ~yc. They’re sprin­ They used their arrow to pry out kling them with sacred commeal. hoo-hom-na its eye. — Pay p u ' iho tsuku'y[RDP-ceremonial:cornmeal-CAUS] Cf. p. homna. ma. Now my arrow is getting a hoohonma IlaWU('-’ialwa) vt.i. keep sprinkling point (on it). 2. (poss.) ammuni­ tion. Puma naaqbyta, pas hoy hoohu def. 1 with ceremonial commeal. N u’ katsinmuy —lawu. sdosok.yaqe pdasavo. They were at war (with each I kept sprinkling the kachinas with sacred cornmeal. hoo-hom~na-lawu [RDP-ccremoniahcOTnmeal- other), until they used up all their ammunition. -CAUS-CONT] 3. (poss., met.) semen. Nu' ihoypaysoq hovalanta. hoohonma Iqa (~yaqam ) n. the one who I’m simply wasting my semen. — It hoy pangsoq Id’okna. He shot his semen into it. hoo-hu [ar“feeds” kachinas with commeal by sprinkling row-/iu] sacred commeal on them (as during a night dance in the kiva). —qa pas piw p u ' lomayuwsVyta. hooki (comd. hoki-) n.sg. needle-and-thread grass, Stipa comata. Tsaatsayom —t akw naatatatupyaNowadays one who feeds the kachinas with cere­ ngwu. The children play by shooting each other monial commeal is also well-dressed, hoo-hom-nawith needle-and-thread grass, -qa [RDP-ccremonial:cornmeal-CAUS-REL] hoohonaqt (c£>mZ>. -hohonaqt) n. pi. of hoonaqa: hooko n.sg. juniper wood. — paas laakiwte' pay hihin paaldngpuningwu. When juniper wood is very 1. those inclined to be silly or excitable. dry, it usually is a little red. hdo-ko [juniper-wood] 2. alcoholics, addicts. /ioo-/ionfl^-/[RDP-erratic-NSGJ hoohongvi adj. inan.pl. of hongvi, strong, hoo- hookona (hoohokont, acc.pl. hoohokontuy; comb, hokon-, -hokona, pi. -hobokont, acc.pl. -hongvi [RDP-strong] hoohont {acc. hoohdntuy; conU>. -hohont) n. -hohokontuy) n. monarch butterfly, the clan totem for the Poovolngyam, Butterfly clan. - pi it bears; pi. of hoonaw. hoo-hon-t [RDP-bear-NSG] Hoohoojmana {dl. ~ m ant or -'m anat, acc. povolhoyat epniiqe pas piw wuuyoqaningwu. The monarch butterfly is one that is also much larger '^mantuy or '-m anatuy; pi. ~m am ant, acc. than this little kind of butterfly, —mamantuy) n. a kachina. hoohdo-mana [Hohoohookya n.sg. 1. stilts, aritifldal legs. -maiden] hoohopoqvi n.sg. any Northeastern Pueblo. — Tsaatsayom - t akw yakta. The children are walking on stilts. 2. (in a compound) pas yaavahaq. The Northeastern Pueblos are very far away. hoo-hop-o-q~vi [RDP-noriheast-DES-EX-NR] -legged. Pam wupa— 'yta. He is longhoohopoqvit n.pl. people from a Northeastern legged. ho-kya [RDP-leg] Pueblo. ~ kur tiimaywisqe tuukwavit hHuyaya. Ap­ hoo I lawu ( —lalwa) vn.i. be making an arrow. Pay qa suupwat hoongavit angqw parently the people from the Northeastern Pueblos —latwa. They are making arrows out of came to the dance because they’re selling neck­ laces. hoo-hop-o-q-vi-t [RDP-northeasi-DES-EX- more than one kind of arrow-making hdokya material, hoo-lawu [arrow-CONT] -NR-NSG] Syn. hopoqsinom. hoohopqoy | vaqe (-- miq, ~ ngaqw) postp. hooli n.sg. 1. (cap.) a kachina. 2. dragonfly. 3. s.th. shaped in a bow-tie along northeastern places. vaqe nuva tsaqawyushape, as the Hooli kachina’s ngwa. Along the areas over the northeast sides, feather arrangement on the aggregates of snow are in drifts, hoo-hop-qdy-va-qback of the head, a particular •e [RDP-northeast-side-DlF-EX-DIF] decoration used beneath hoohotnga n. quivers of arrows; pi. of hotnga. silver the ankle on some moccasins, hoo-hotnga [RDP-quiver] the in-between pieces on a hoohotskom n. pi. of hotsko, a type of small concha belt. Hisat suukyahaeared owl. hoo-hotsko-m [RDP-burrowing:owl-NSG] qam katsina tootsiy epeq — 'yhoohotsokt n. pi. of hootsoko, a type of small tangwu. One of the kachinas used to have a silver eared owl. hoo-hotsok-t (RDP-burrowing:owl-NSG] decoration on his moccasins. Syn. 2. siilatatsi, hoohoy|i ( —ya) vi.i. be undergoing initiation to paalatatsiw, moosa 2. become a full member in a society. Mamrawt hooma 1 (comb, bom-) n.sg. ceremonial com­ —ya. The initiates are going through rites to meal. Hak sdosokivo —t tsdlaknangwu. You become full-fledged members of the Maraw soci­ sprinkle the sacred commeal toward all the [cardi­ ety. ------ yangwu, peetu puhuyungqam. Some of nal] directions. Syn. homngunmi. those chosen to undergo initiation go through with hooma 2 (bomya; comb, bom-, -homa) vt.p. pay it. — Pumuy pi puhutangatotaqw puma wimkyatoup on a debt, pay what is due. N u’ yaasa' it uumi tiq ep u ’puma -yangwu. When they bring them in - . I have this much to pay you. — Pay nu' qa for initiation then they go through the rites and pas sdosok uumi hdmqe oovi pay ydasa' it uumi become full-fledged members, hoo-hoyi [RDP-fiedgeJ oya. I didn’t pay all (that I owe), so I’m giving Cf. p. hooyi. you this much (now). — Pay pi uma inumi p o ’ya; h o o h o y n a ( - y a ) vt.i. 1. be raising a young bird huvam inumi homyaa'. You have lost to me, so to point where it can fend for itself, getting fledg­ now you guys have to pay up what is due. Cf. i. lings to leave the nest. Tsaatsayom isirdoyat tutbomta 2. waqw pay paniqw itam put - . Since the children hoomamoki (comb, boomamok-, -bomamoki) found (and kept) the little bird, for that reason we n.sg. bag of sacred commeal. - t toniyat tuku. He are raising the young bird until it can fend for cut the cord of the bag of sacred commeal. — itself. — Kwaayo timuy —qe amumi tootoqlawu. Itdahomamokiy aqw hdmikto. It (the drawstring) is When the hawk was getting its fledglings to leave pulling tight on our bag of sacred commeal. the nest, it kept calling to them. 2. be causing to hooma-moki [ceremonial xornmeal-bundlej go through the process of initiation or emancipa­ hoomamok I tukpu (-tu tu k p u ) n. bag for

' ’ I*

hoona

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til

sacred commeal. Hiitapuukyayat - tu k p u ’yta. He has a bag for his sacred commeal made from some type of pelt. hooma-mokduIq?u [ceremoniahcommeal-bundle-bag] hoomasa n. wing feathers; pi. of bomasa. ho-masa [RDP-wlng:feather] hoomatoyna (--ya) vnt.p. provide with sacred commeal. Pam nuy - q w p u ' n u ’ kuyvato. She gave me some sacred commeal, then I went on an early-morning run to greet the sun. hooma-to-yna [ceremoniahcwnmeal-CAUS-CAUS]

hoomatsvongi n.sg. bundle of arrows held in the hand. Pam - t oya. He put a bundle of arrows down, hoo-matsvong-i [arrow-carry:in:closed:hand-NR] hoomatsvongjta (-y u n g w a) vn.i. be holding arrows in the hand. Pam pep —kyangw wunuwta. He was standing there with arrows in hand. — Pam -kyangw yufdqhaqami. He went this way with a handful of arrows, hoo-matsvang-ta [ar­ row-carry: in:closcd:hand-DUR]

hoomatsvong | ta( '-to ta) vn.p. grab a handful of arrows. Puma -to ta t nonga. After they grabbed a handful of arrows they went out. — Nu ‘ maqtoniqe —ta tp u ' nakwsu. When I was going out to hunt I grabbed a handful of arrows, then left, hoo-matsvdng-ta [arrow-carry:ln;closed:hand-CAUS] hoomatsv6ngtoyna(—ya) vnt.p. provide with a handful of arrows. Put —t p u ’ yaw piw awtat aw tavi. After handing him a handful of arrows, then he gave him a bow also, hoo-matsvdng-to-yna [arrow-caiTy:in:closed:hand-CAUS-CAUS]

hoomavololni n.sg. mythical ball of conuneal in emergence traditions, —t yaw oomiq tuuvaqw p u ' pam hakiy maanat aw pdosi; pam yaw kur nukpana. They say (in the emergence traditions) that a ball of commeal was thrown up in the air, then it fell on some girl; apparently she was the evil one (the person responsible for the first death in the Fourth World), hooma-volo-l-ni [ceremonialxornmeal-batt-ST-NR] Syn. ngumanydlolni. h6omo’ngwa(’at) n.poss. its bulges, pi. of bomo*ngwa(’at). ho-mo- ’-ngwa- 'at [RDP-mound-(?)-NR-3P]

hoomol I a (~ y a ;

comb, bomol-) vi.i. expand and contract, rise up and down. Paakwat m o’angaqw -ngw u, pam tddtoqqo. A frog’s mouth (area) expands and contracts when it is croaking. — Muuyipep hintsakqw oovipangqw - a ? A gopher is doing something there (burrowing along) so as to make [the ground] rise up and down, ho-mola [RDP-be:mounded] Cf. p. bomdlti. hoomumu’tinum I a ( —ya) vn.i. be shooting arrows around (game). Suupan pas qa haqam hak tsay - a . It doesn’t look like any kid is out shoot­ ing arrows around, hoo-mu-mu ’-t-inuma [arrow-RDP-shoot-REP-CIRCG]

boon- comb, of hoona (~ y a ;

hoona. [send:away-] comb, - n - , hoon-, (-)hon-, -honan-, -hona(-)) vt.p. 1. send away: (with postp.) on an errand or on a mission, (with ayo') chase away, (with ahoy) turn back, repel. Waawakast itu 'uyiy ep tangawtaqw nu ’pumuy angqw ayd ’ ~ . The cows were in your cornfield so 1 chased them away. — Wuuti put tiy put tupkoyat angk ~ . The woman sent her child after the child’s younger sibling. — Pu'yaw pas siyanyaniqe pu'yaw puma sukw kwiniwiq ~ya. To make sure they sent one to the northwest. — Pam nuy lay 'ayatatoqe yep pituqw n u ' oonaqe put itupkoy aw ~ , pam kya pay nakwhaniqd ’.H e came to ask me to go herd sheep for him, but since 1 was lazy to do it, I steered him to my younger son’s, thinking he might be willing. 2. divorce (a man). Suy indma ~ . My wife threw me out. — Pam koongyay ~ . She sent her husband away (in separation). 3. (refl.) throw

hoona each other out; a reference to the Split at Oraibi. Pay pepeq hisat puma Orayngaqw pangsoq Hotvelmoq naahonayaqe... Because they once divorced each other from Oraibi to Hotevilla... 4. banish. Pumuy haqami yaavoq - . He banished them to a far-away place. 5. send home (re to ceremonial smothering of eagles after the Niman ceremony). Nimdntitso ’qw qavongvaqw hak kwayvdokoy -ngw u. When the Niman ceremony ends, the following day one sends home his captive hawks, hoona 1 vi.p.sg. (baby talk) dance like or mimic a kachina. Kur - 'd. Dance like a kachina. hdo-na [kachina:sound-CAUS(baby)l Cf. adult form kakatsina. hoona 2 (--m) n. (baby talk) kachina (child speaking). Pam - . That’s a kachina. hdo-na [kachina:sound-NR(baby)j Cf. adult form katsina. hoonanavo’ya v/i.i.p/. be playing a competitive shooting game with arrows. As tuma hoonanavo’yd. Let’s play a shooting game with arrows. hoo-na-na-vd ’-ya [arrow-RDP-REFL-defeat-PL] hoonanjta ( - t o t a ; comb. -bonan|ta) vt.i. be trying to send away, be chasing away, shooing. Nu' as put qa - ta . I wasn’t trying to shoo it away. — Paasat p u ' yaw i ’ tiyot y u ’at tootoptuy ayo' - ta . Then this boy’s mother was shooing away the flies. — Orayngaqw sinom naahonanta. The people were sending each other away from Oraibi (during the schism), hoonan-ta [sendraway-REP] hoonaq- comb, of hoonaqa. [erratic-] hoonaq’iw|ma(~wisa) vi.i. be getting irratio­ nal, drunk. Piw naat - m a . He still keeps getting drunk again, hoonaq- 'iw-ma [erratic-ST-PROG] hoonaq’iwnum| a ( - y a ) vi.i. go around drunk. Is utl, hoonaqa sikisvey akw - a . Oh no, the drunkard is going around drunk in his car! hoonaq- ’iw-numa [erratic-ST-CIRCG] hoonaq’iwjta (-y u n g w a) vi.i. 1. be crazy, irrational. Pam pas qa atsat —ta. He is truly out of his mind. 2. be intoxicated, drunk. Pay piw um —ta; oovi um pd la ’vo ’yta. You’re drunk again, that’s why you have red eyes. — Um sinsonve —kyangw inumi naanap hingqawlawqw haman’ewdytingwu. When you say any old thing to me in the midst of people when you’re drunk it becomes embarrassing, hoonaq-’iw-ta [erratic-ST-DUR] hoonaq’iwva (~ y a ) vi.p. arrive drunk, - q w yang sinmuy yuuyuyna. He came back drunk so he’s going around here bothering people, hoonaq- ’iw-va [erratic-ST-INGR] hoonaqa (hoohonaqt; comb, hoonaq-, honaq-, -honaqa; pi. -hohonaqt) n. 1. one who is inclined to become overly silly or excitable, playful one. Tsay —nliqe oovi pas qa unangwtalawvangwu. Because the child is inclined to being silly, he usually doesn’t calm down [easily]. 2. person who overindulges in liquor or drugs, drunkard, alco­ holic, addict. Itanguy - 'at piw pay yang waynuma. Our mother’s drunkard (one of her sons) is walking around drunk again. — Taaqa as timuy amungem hiita wuuwankyangw okiw -n liq e oovi put ep qa naa'angwu’yta. While the man would like to have concern for his children’s welfare, the poor guy is a drunk and so has no control over himself. — Panis hoohonaqt peqw d ’ki. The drunks keep coming around here. 3. (sg., poss.) one’s drinking habit. Pay puma naap —y akw panyungwa. They are that way by their own drinking habits. — Noqw pu ’ himuwa pay - y akw maataqniqw qa hak put hdalayngwu. And if some­ one is known for his drinking habits no one wants him around. hoonaq Iti(-toti) vi.p. 1. become irrational, go crazy. Yaw hak wuuti okiw sutsep qa hdalaykyangw qdtduqe put akw wuwniy paas dyqe pay —ti. It is

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said that since some woman always lived an unhappy life, her worries filled her up and she went crazy. — —totiqamuy yaavoqhaqami p u ’ waa 'o 'yaqw oovi puma pu ’ pas yaakye ’ waa ’oyiwta. They placed the mentally ill somewhere in a far location, that’s why they are sheltered far away now. 2. become drunk, intoxicated. Pam yaw piw pay taavok - t i . They say he got drunk again yesterday, hoonaq-ti [erratic-R] hoonaqtotoyna (~ya) vt.i. be making drunk. Nu’ as it - . I’m trying to make her drunk. hoonaq-to-to-yna [erratic-RDP-CAUS-CAUS] hoonaqtoyna(-ya) vt.p. 1. make drunk, intoxi­ cate. Pas um nungwu pay nuy - n i. You have gradually got me drunk. 2. drive crazy. Yaw pam taawit akw maanat - . They say he used a song to make the girl crazy, hoonaq-to-yna [erratic-CAUS-CAUS] h o o n a w (hoohont, acc.pl. hoohdntuy; paus. - u , pi. hoohontu; comb, hon-, honaw-, -honaw; pi. -hohont, acc. -hohontuy) n. bear. Tutuhikt - u y na ’yyungngwu. Healers have the bear as a ceremo­ nial totem. — Hopkyaqe hoqlova hoohont k i’yyungwa. Bears live in the forest along the northeast side, hoona-w [bear-wu] Cf. honani, badger. H o o n a w p a (p05/p. -'ve(q), ~mi(q), -ngaqw) n.sg. 1. a spring at the base of Howell Mesa. 2. Bear Springs, in the Kaibab Forest (Fort Win­ gate). hoondw-pa [bear-water] h o o n g a p - comb, of hoongavi. hoo-ngap- [arrow-materia!-] h o o n g a p m a ( - y a ) vn.p. have been to get mate­ rial for making arrows. Oo’ovaqe kwingvit sotslayat - . He has been to cut scrub oak branches in higher elevations for making arrows, hoo-ngap-ma [arrow-pick: material :to:use-POSTG] h o o n g a p It a (- to t a ) vn.p. cut a stem to be made into an arrow. Nu' pay paas neengem - ta . I have completely finished gathering arrow-making mate­ rial for myself, hoo-ngap-ta [arrow-material-CAUS] h o o n g a p I to ( - wisa) vn.i. go to get material for making arrows. Puma yaw yaavoq haqami moopovit —wisa. They went far away somewhere to gather Apache plume for arrow-making, hoo-ngap-to Iarrow^ick:material:to;use-PREG] Cf. awtangapto, go to get bow material. hoongajva (-pya; comb, -p-) vn.p. pick arrow-making material. It nu' ura neengem —va. I picked this for myself to make an arrow from. — Put um -p n i. Pick that for your arrow-making. — Uma —pyani. You all pick some material for arrow-making, hoo-ngava [arrow-pick:matcrial:to:useJ h o o n g a v i (comb, hoongap-, hongap-) n.sg. material procured for making arrows, - y ang sUpantotakyangw naanami somlalwa. They are cleaning away the bark and branch stubs from their arrow-making material as they are tying them together in bundles, hoo-ngavi [arrow-material] Cf. awatngavi, bow-making material, h o o n g i (distr. hong.ya; comb, hong-, -hongi) vi.i.pl. 1. be standing, standing up. Pep suwip hongqat um angqw tutkitani. Cut those that are standing straight up. — Itam teevep hdngqe paas maamangu'a. We got very tired standing ujTfor a long time. — Kiihu hong,ya. The houses are standing. — Kyaysiwqam tiitimayt kits’oveq —. A lot of spectators are standing on the housetop. 2. be parked (of vehicles). Sdosokivaqw sikisvem aw - . The cars are parked up to it from all sides. 3. (with ep) be in a particular position, in place; (met.), be taking a stand for. Puma put ep - . They are standing by that position. — Pumawat pas navotiy ep —. That group is standing by their tradition. 4. be in office, appointed, in a position of authority. Puma mongqenit ang —. They stand

hoop(aq) in the leadership positions. Cf. p. hongva; inan.sg. wunu, anim.sg. wunuwta. hoongiljti ( - t o t i ) vi.p.pl. get erected, placed upright. Yangyukiq tsoqdmni huur - tiq w p u ’ uma sivatnit Idngaknayani. When the posts get erected securely toward this direction, then you can run the barbed wire along them, hoong-il-ti [stand(PL)-ST-R] hoongin | ma( —wisa) vt.i. go along making stand up, erecting. Itda ’uyiy kur muuna wa 'dmnaqw itam put ang - m a . Since the runoff water apparently knock^ over our plants, we’re going along stand­ ing them up. — Umuukiqdy ang uma —wisni. You will go along establishing your settlement places. hoong-in-ma Istand(PL)-CAUS-PROG] hoonginnum| a ( - y a ) vt.i. go around making stand up, erecting. Muunangw uuyitpUtaknaqw ang - a . When the runoff water knocked over the com plants to the ground, he was going around putting them upright, hoong-in-numa [stand(PL)-CAUS-CIRCG] hoonginta vt.i.pl.obj. be setting up, making upright. Puma pongyat - . They are setting up the aitar(s). hoong-in-ta [stand(PL)-CAUS-REP] Cf. p. hongna. hoongiwma vi.i.pl. be getting placed upright. Taqatskit yuykuyaqw dakwayngyavaqe tsoqdmni - q a t naami hoyominta. When they were building a lean-to, he was moving the posts next to each other as they were being placed upright behind it. hoong-iw-ma [starxl(PL)-ST-PROG] Cf. sg. wunuptsiwma. hoongiwjta vi.i.pl. be upright, erect. A: Pay sdosoy hoongilti? B: Ow(, pay sdosoy - ta . A: Have all of them gotten erected? B: Yes, they’re all standing, hoong-iw-ta [stand(PL)-ST-DUR] Cf. sg. wunuptsiwta. hooniw Ia ( - ya) vi.p. be sent away. Hintiqw oovi —a? So why did they send him away? — Hak Hopitaqa - e ’ sutsep yuy aw nimangwu. When a Hopi man has been sent away (from his wife’s home), he always returns home to his mother. — Pay yaw pdasat pam aqw - q a ahoy Sikyatkimiq wuuwukoqmuy aqw tdqti. Right then the one who had been sent up there shouted back to the elders over at Sikyatki. hoon-iwa [scnd:away-PASS] hooniw I qa (-y a q a m ) n. man who has been separated from his wife in marriage. Pangqw uumi wayma, —qa. The man who has been separated from his wife is walking along toward you. hoon-iw-qa [send;away-PASS-REL] hoop(aq) (paus. pet. hop-^o (-aq*a), dif. hop-kye’e (-kyaqe’e), des. —o’o ( —oq’a), abl. —aqo; comb, (-)hop-) postp. 1. northeast; at a in the northeast. pronominalized (3P sg.) ahoop, dahoop pet. hoop extr.pct. hoopaq dhopaq dif. hopkye’ ahopkye' extr.dif. hoNcyage dhopkyaqe dhopo des. hoopo extr.des. hoopoq dhopoq abl. hoopaqw dhopaqw A: Pam haqam? B: Pam - itdatahay ep'e. A: Where is he? B: He’s at our maternal uncle’s house in the northeast.------ haqam haqam p i pam paasa'yta. He has a field somewhere in the north­ east, I don’t know just where, — A: Ya haqam a'atsvewpihoya qaatsi? B: Aapave - a q qaatsi. A: Where is the little stool? B: In the inner room sitting at the far northeast side. — A: Haqami itana? B: Pam —aq paslawu. A: Where did our father go? B: He’s hoeing in the northeast. — Nu' s e ’el -a q 'a . This morning I was in the northeast. — sushopaq tsomo, the northeastemmost hill — Nu’ —ahaq kwaatsi’yta. I have a friend way over

hoopa

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hootiva

at a northeastern place. — Noqw pay yaw kur pep waqw '-’it enang tungwangwu: "Okiw kwangwa- h o o t a k i n j t a ( - t o t a ) vt.i.sg.obj. be stretching Orayviy kwiningya —haqam yaw kur lava. And kwasini, palakwaysuur, ^isuur. ” When people are out. Wakasvukyat tutskwave - ta . He’s stretching apparently there was a kiva northwest of Oraibi baking sweet corn in a pit oven, one makes refer­ out the (fresh) cow hide on the ground, hdota-k-in(slightly on the northeast side). — Yep um hopkye' ence to the kingbird: “May it get cooked nicely, -ta [siretch:out-SGL-CAUS-REP] Cf. pl.obj. hotaminhdytani. Hang them up here on the northeast side. [like the color of] a red-tailed hawk tail, a kingbird ta. — Pam hopkye’ wari. He ran along the northeast. tail.” i-suur is an expressively modified variant of h o o ta k l^ y m a vi.i.sg. be spreading out, as with — Hopkye* kur qa an yokva. Apparently it hasn’t -sum, tail.) hdo-pikwi [juniper-phoebe] Syn. tsikwiwrunners, vines. Ikaway’uyi p u ' - . My watermelon rained like that in the northeast. — A: Haqami kya. plant is vining now. hdota-k-iw-ma [stretch:out-SGLtuwdnpi? B: Pdngqe hopkyaqe tupkyaqe qaatsi. hoopit adj. (with paas) fluent in the Hopi lan­ -ST-PROG] Cf. pi. hotamMwma. A: Where’s the measuring stick? B: It’s lying there guage; pi. of hopi 2. ho-pi-t [RDP-Hopi-NSG] against the northeast wall. — Hak hopkyaqe hoopo(q) {comb, hopoq-) postp. to the northeast. h o o t a k i w j t a vi.i.sg. be spread, stretched out or pinned down on the ground, as of a hide stretched waynuma? Who was walking around in the north­ hoop-o(-q)] [northeast-DES(-EX)J See hoop(aq). out to dry with the inside up, or of a plant with east? — Hopkyaqeeqe loqo hin ’ur uwiwita. Way hoopoq|ti (~toti) vi.p. turn to the northeast. branching vines. Uukaway’uyi a'ni - t a . Your on the northeast side the forest is really burning. Kwiitsingw —ti. The smoke turned to the north­ watermelon plant is really spread out with mnners. — A: Um haqami? B: N u’ -o*o. A: Where are east. hoop-o-q-ti [northeasi-DES-EX-RJ ------ taqa, vine — UukanHpukya pay piw qa - ta . you going? B: I’m going to the northeast. — Puma hooponga n.sg. woodpecker, hdo-pong-a [juni- Your sheepskin once again hasn’t been stretched angqw '-oya. They went toward the northeast per-knock-NR] Syn. kopolopsona. Var. hdponga, out. hdota-k-iw-ta [stretch;out-SGL-ST-DUR] Cf. pi. direction. — Itam ahoy ndnkwusani, ayd’ '-o hotam’iwta. hdpongaw, hdopongo. Kisiwvami, Heehe’et itanguy kiiyat aw ’i. We will journey back to the northeast direction, to Klisiw, hoopongo n.sg. = hooponga. hdo-pongo fluni- h o o t a k n a ( —ya) vt.p.sg.obj. 1. stretch out, make per-knock] extend, as a hide on the ground by staking. Hak home of our mother Heehe’e. — Sivdapi paasat hiita tuunit puukyayat laknanik(t) put panis siskwat pay hihin - o kuyta. The rabbitbrush is growing a hooqa’o n.sg. pinyon pine com (the small flower of the pine tree from which a cone is produced). pay -ngw u. If you are going to dry out (and little toward the northeast side of the field. — Pam preserve) the skin of some animal kill, you stretch Tdmdngvaqw tuve’et ang - aniwtingwu. During —ohaqami itdatahay awpikya ‘yngwatyawma. He’s the spring, the pine corns grow on the pinyon it out (on a flat surface) and stake it. 2. (with naataking the axe to our maternal uncle over on the pines, hdo-qa’d [(?)-corn] (The hdo- element cannot be hoy or nan*ivo(q)) pin someone down on the northeast side. — N u’ —oq kivamiq’a. I’m going to the kiva on the northeast side. — Paasat p u ’ identified with AoAu, juniper; juniper does ix)t produce these ground (as if stretching a hide) on his back with cones.) arms outstretched. Taaqat naayawvaqw pu ’sdukyayaw angqw puma '-o q tupoq. Then they headed wa mitwat atsmi wupqe put maayat naahoy - . toward the base of the cliff walls on the northeast hooqolo n.sg. = hoqld. hdo-qolo [juniper-expanse] When the two men fought, one of them got on top side. — Pas naat p u ' s e ’elhaq yang iikye' --oq- hooqotsvi n.sg. juniper ash. Tasavum —t akw of the other one and pinned him down by holding tuwat noovalalwangwu. The Navajos in turn use haqami wayma. He went by here just a while ago juniper ash in preparing food, hdo-qdtsvi [juni­ his arms down across from each other. — Put walking somewhere toward the northeast direction. per-ashes] maayat nan’ivo —. He pinned her arms down — Umyukiq ^oq.watniqw nu' ungkni. When you stretching out both ways, hdota-k-na [streich:outgo toward the northeastward direction I will follow hoojsava ( —sasava) adj. as long as an arrow, -SGL-CAUS] Cf. pl.obj. hotamna. arrow length. Um as inungem hoongapni; -sasayou. — Yupd, —oqd. Go, toward the northeast. — vat um tutkitani. You should pick arrow materials h 6 o t a k n i ( ’a t)/i.jg .p o j’j'. branch of a vining plant. Ikiisiwni pu ’ suhopoq qaatsi. My shadow is lying for me; cut them arrow length, hoo-sa-va [arrow- A 'ni hukve' ephaqam kaway 'uyit —yat murumnaexactly toward the northeast. — Yep um ^aqw -QNT-interval(adj.)] ngwu. Sometimes when the wind blows hard, it hayni. Hang it here from the northeast side. — tangles the runners of the watermelon plants. ~aqw huuhukya. The wind is blowing from the hoojta (~tota) vn.p. make an arrow. Wuuhaq -tota. They made a lot of arrows, hoo-ta [arrow- hdota-k-ni- ’at [stretch:out-SGb-b(R-3P] northeast. — Qopqot '-aqw yaw pumuy taviya-CAUS] h o o ta m a ( —ya) vn.p. have 'been to make an ngwu. They would place them on the northeast side arrow. Nu' - q e p u ’ pitu. I’ve just come back of the firepit. — Sdhopaqw yaw amumi kuyva. He h o o ta (’at) (postp. hot-pe(q), -pa(qe), -mi(q), -ngaqw; comb, hot-) n.sg.poss. (anat.) back. Put from having gone to make arrows, hoo-ta-ma came into their view directly from the northeast — *at qoq'asa. His back is all dusty. — Yawpepeq [arrow-CAUS-POSTG] direction. — Nu’ '-oqd. I’m from the northeast. put saaqat aqwwat — ’ykyangw pay yaw hihin pep h o o t a j t o (-w isa ) vn.i. go to make an arrow. — Komantsi pay himu —ahaqaqw haqaqw kitsokingaqw katsina. The Comanche kachina is someone yooko 'ta. He had his back to the exit ladder down A: Itana haqami? B: Pam kivami —to. A: Where there but his head was drooping a little. — Pas did my father go? B: He went to the kiva to make who came from somewhere in the Northeastern nu' pay - *yta. I have a bad back. — Kur d u - y arrows, hoo-ta-to [arrow-CAUS-PREG] Pueblos. 2. (pro.) northeast of. Paysoq kur inu~~ akw wd'dku’u? Can you lie down on your back? H o o ta ts o m o n.sg. a hill near the Coal Mine (or inhu'^) iyoktaqa qatsqw n u ’ qa tuwa. My hoe — Su 'ihotmiq owa wukumti. A stone flew right on was just on the northeast side of me and I didn’t Chapter House, midway between Third Mesa and my back. — It hotpa lilwi'i. Rub this on his back. see it. — Noqw yaw Orayviy d ~ haqam Masvosove Moencopi. hoota-tsomo [make:arrow-hill] — Pas nu ’ kwangwatapkini 'yma; pas naat ihotpa H o o te ( —m; comb, -hote) n. a kachina with yaw tutskwa pakima. Around the northeast side of qa piw tuyva. I’m really having a comfortable day; Oraibi at Masvoso the land gave in. — Mansdl'uyit hooked side horns, usually black, with a crescent it hasn’t hurt along my back again. — Peetuy yaw da-- nu' tavi. I put it on the northeast side of the and star marking the sides of his face. Syn. Suhotpaqe yongo haayiwyungwa. Prickly pears were apple tree. — Pumuy am du-haqam uwiwita. qomhote. Cf. Sakwahote, Blue Hoote kachina, hanging down the backs of some. — Umuuhotpaqe Somewhere at a point northeast of them a fire was Sikyahote, Yellow Hoote kachina. qoq’asa. It’s all dusty on your backs. — Ya himu burning. — Ahopkye* piw um sukw hayni. Hang h o o te I ’a la ( - ’a’ala) n. horn shaped like the horn put hotpe huur’iwta? What’s sticking to his back? another one on its northeast side. — Ahopo um put of the Hoote kachina. —*ala oomiq.wat ngolowta— lisawuy hotpeq wuvikna. He hit the coyote on tdvini. Put it at a place to its northeast side. ngwu, qdtoyat nan’ivaqw. The horn of the Hoote its back. — P u’ yaw pam hoohu piw a ’ni oqalat hoop(-aq) [northeast(-EX)l Cf. taavang, southwest kachina is bent upwards on either side of his head. aqw pituuqe pas pi put peep hotmiq.wat yama. cardinal direction, tatkya(q), southeast, kwinihoote- 'ala [Hoote-hwn] And the arrow also came with a lot of power (and) ngya(q), northwest. H o o te tik ij v e ( —mi, —ngaqw)po^rp./n.5g. Hoote hoopa (-^ya; comb, -^n-, (-)hopn-, -wpan-, it penetrated almost through his back. — Undngw- kachina dance (day). Pam —ve mooki. He died on -wpa) vt.p. peel the skin or covering off a stem by pe maave 'ytangwu; pu ’ hotngaqw p u ' may nan 'ithe day of the Hoote dance. — Nu’ —mi n a ’saslavaqw piw epe. He has a handprint on his chest, pushing it all to one end, like the paper off a wu. I’m getting things ready for the Hoote dance. then also on the back, and also on each side of the drinking straw. Mdoti hak sivdapiy - t p u ’ lakna— Pam -ngahaqaqw tuyqatsi. He’s been lying arm. — Pam nuy ihotngaqw sdokwikna. He poked ngwu. First you peel the skin off the rabbitbrush, sick ever since about the time of the Hoote dance. me in the back, hdota-’at [back-3P] then you dry it. — noun usage: - t aw timayngemna. She asked hoota(k-) {comb, hota-, -wta(n-)) vi.p.sg. get h o o p a n j l a ( —tota) vt.i. be pulling skin off, him to go along to watch the Hoote dance, hootestretched out, extended. Ikaway’uyi lair - . Appar­ peeling. N u' kiisit atpip qdtukyangw isivdapiy -ta . -tiki-ve [Hoote-dance:day-PCT] ently my watermelon plant got vines, spread out. I am sitting in the shade stripping my rabbitbrush h o o te tits o ’ | a vi.p. Jg. for the Hoote kachina dance — Tathihi; uutsopvukya kur a'ni How huge; stems, hdopan-ta [peel:off*REP] to conclude, - q w Songdopave hin'uryokva. After antelope skin seems to have really gotten hoopaqw postp. from the northeast, hoop-aqw your the end of the Hoote kachina dance in Shungopavi stretched! hdota(-k-) [stretch:out(-SGL-)] Cf. pi. [northeast-ABL] See hoop(aq). it rained a great deal, hoote-titso'a [Hoote-finish: hotamtl) vr. nawta, stretch oneself, have a spasm, dancing(PL)] hoopikw|i ( —lit) n. kingbird. Hakim tdupeplal- seizure. h o o tiv a (--ya) vn.p. begin making an arrow or

hootiwngwu arrows. Pas n u ’ naat p u ’ —. I just began making arrow(s). hoo-t-iva [arrow-CAUS-INGR] hootiwngwu {poss. i - , ita a ~ , i i u - , u m u u - , with no shortening of the syllable hoo-) n.sg. arrow-making material. I — haqami? Where did my arrow material go? hoo-tiwngwu [arrow-material] Hootsani (~ m ) n. a kachina. hootsikmanta vi.i.sg. keep going zigzag at intervals. Qdohi aqwhaqami - . The flames would zigzag up now and then, hootsi-k-man-ta [zigzag-SGL-POSTG-REP] hootsoko (hoohotsokt; comb, hotsok-) n. a type of small eared owl, possibly the whiskered owl. — pay mongwut ep hiisayhoyaningwu. The hootosko is small compared to the great horned o w l.-----tuwat mihikqw pu ’ toqhuru ’iwnumngwu, '‘hootsok, hootsok, hootsok. ” The hootsoko, by its nature, goes around making incessant calls, “hootsok, hootsok, hootsok.” Var. hotsko. hootuwi’y jta (-yungwa) vn.i. know how to make arrows, -yungqam ngaspi suyukuyangwu. The ones who know how to make arrows do it so quickly (to my envy), hoo-tuwi-’y-ta [arrow-practical: knowledge-POSS-DUR] hoovena ( —ya) vn.p. paint or decorate an arrow or arrows. Paaldngputnit sakwat akw - y a . They painted the arrows with red and blue-green. — Um pay uuhoy - ? Did you paint your arrow? hoo-vena [arrow-draw] Var. hovena. hooven|ta(-tota) vn.i. be painting, decorate an arrow or arrows. Um pay pas naat p u ’ - ta ? Are you still painting your arrows? hoo-ven-ta [arrow-draw-REP] hoovenjta ( - t o t a ) vn.p.pl.obj. paint, decorate many arrows, put designs on many arrows. Nu’ pay taavokhaqam ihoy —ta. Just yesterday some­ time I painted my arrows with a design. — Kooyemsi - t a t p u ’ homasayamuy ang kwapta. After the Kooyemsi kachina decorated the arrows then he fletched them, hoo-vin-ta [arrow-draw-DISTR] Var. hovenata, hov^nta. hoovi(’at) (comb, (-)hovi-, -hovi) n.sg.poss. t . area of the buttocks. Hiitawat - *at pay pavan ayo’ iitsiwtangwu. Some have behinds that really stick out. — Kur uuhovinapnay Hroknaqw n u ’ duhoviy epeq pdroknani. Slide your pants down so I can give you a shot in the buttocks. 2. the stem end of an ear of com. It sikyaqa ’6t aqw sunasamiq - ’ytaqat tavi. He placed this yellow corn with the stem end toward the middle. — Hakim hdhdqye’ qaa’ot —yamuy angqw ayo’ qdqhilalwangwu. When we’re harvesting, we break off the stem ends from the ears of corn. 3. the rounded bottom of some pottery bowls. Tsaqaptat pas —yat dngqe pay qa p e ’ytangwu; put pay pdngokput p e ’ytaqat alw angqe uutsiwtangwu. The very bottom of the pottery bow! is not usually decorated; there’s a painted circle around it to enclose it. hoovi-’at p)utt:end-3P] Cf. pi’ala, pelvis, hip; kuri(’at), bottom, buttocks. hoovinapnan. trousers, pants;/?/, of hovinapna. hoM-napna [RDP-butt:end-shirt] hoovijta ( —tota) vi.p. turn one’s behind toward a particular direction. Uumiq.wat —ta. He turned his behind your way. hoovi-ta [butt:end-CAUS] hoowi {comb, howi-) n.sg. 1. stinger of a bee or wasp. Momot - 'at qa mokngwu. The stinger of a bee doesn’t die (it remains potent after the bee dies). 2. the stringy fibers along both edges of the narrow-leaved yucca leaf that curl out at intervals (and prick the skin in the form of slivers). Hoowina’aye {comb, hoowina’ay-) n. 1. (jg.) Hoowina’aye dance, usually celebrated soon after the harvest. (This dance is not well known at Third Mesa.) Pu' it tiingapyangwu, - t . Then they set

hopi

99

the time for this, the Hoowina’aye dance. 2. {dl.) the two dancers in this dance, - t kwangwawunima. The Hoowina’aye dancers are dancing nicely. hoowina’ay Itawi (-tatawi) n. Hoowina’aye dance song, - t a w i “hini’iniiya” akw kuytangwu. The Hoowina’aye song starts with “hini’iniiya.” hoowina 'dy-tawi [Hoowina’aye-song] Hoowina’aytiki I ve (~ m i, -ngaqw ) postp./ n.sg. Hoowina’aye dance day. —ve n u ’ tuutuyti. I got sick on the day of the Hoowina’aye dance. — noun usage: - t ep pam ahoy tutuqayto. On the day of the Hoowina’aye dance he went back to school. — Hanokiveq - 'yyungwa. They’re having the Hoowina’aye dance day at Hano. hoo­ wina 'dy-tUd-ve [Hoowina’aye-dance:day-PCT] hoowina’aytiva vi.i.pl. be dancing the Hoowina­ ’aye dance. Haanom - . The Tewas are dancing the Hoowina’aye dance, hoowina ’dy-tiva [Hoowina’aye-dance(PL)] hoowi I ta ( - to ta ) vn.p. make a stinger. N u’ put angqw ungem -ta n i. I will make you a stinger out of it. hoowi-ta [stinger/sticker/sliver-CAUS] hooya {comb. (-)hoy-, -hoya) vi.p.sg. blow away in the winnowing process. Nu’ it wuhita; pas tsiipu'at qa ang - , qa sumalqw ooviyo. I am winnowing this [but] the chaff doesn’t blow away because there’s no breeze. -hooya n. inan.pl. of -hoya 1. -ho-ya [-RDP-DIM] -hooyam {acc. -hoymuy) n. anim.pl. of -hoya 1. -ho-ya-m [-RDP-DIM-NSG] Hooyapi n.sg. Little Giant’s Chair, a rock forma­ tion in District 6 and also one in the Holbrook area, hooya-pi [blow:away-NR] hooyi (hoyya; comb, (-)hoy-, -hoyi) vi.p. 1. get fully fledged, for a bird to get to the point where it can leave the nest. Itdakwdytipkyay epeq pay kur kwaydoya - . The little red-tailed hawk at our nesting shrine has apparently left the nest. — Pay kur inddtuwa - . Tlie eggs of the bird nest that I claim have apparently hatched (and) the birds have left the nest. — Pay put hdyqw p u ’ n u ’ ngu’a. It had already flown from the nest when I caught it. 2. (met.) come of age, become emancipated, independent. Qa hdyt pay kongta. She was not of age before she got a husband. — I ’ hapi m o’wi Nimdntikive ova’usiite’ pay hoyngwu. This bride, for a fact, comes of age when she dons her bridal robe on the Home dance day (to appear to the kachinas). 3. (met.) complete the requirements of initiation. Hisat tiyo wuwtsimvakye ’ pam naat qa ep pay hoyngwu. In times past, when a boy entered into the Wuwtsim society, he was still not yet a full member. Cf. i. hoohoyi. hooyin|ta 1 ( - to ta ) vUvt.i. 1. (vi.) be blowing smoke from a smoking pipe. Paho’init aw - t a . He was blowing pipe smoke on the tray of prayer feathers. — Aatdqe hak -tangwu. You blow smoke way down low. — Pu’ w w puma pep put naa ’itnayaqe yaw oovi tsootsbnglalwakyangw pu ’ yaw put maanat oovi naandwaknakyangw yaw put kwiitsingwuy —tota. Then they passed the pipe from one to another as they were smoking, and they were praying to have that girl as they were blowing the smoke. 2. (vt.) be blowing away. Nu' it humitat ang tsiipuyat ayd’ - ta . I’m blowing away the chaff from this shelled corn. — Um kwiitsingwuy inungem ayoq.wat -ta n i. You can be blowing the smoke the other way for me. hooy-in-ta [blow:away-CAUS-REP] Cf. p. hoyna 1. hooyin|ta2 ( - to ta ) vt.i. be fledging young ones repeatedly. I ’ tsiro pay pas yangqwsa — ta . This bird fledges only from this [nest] (year after year). hooy-in-ta [fledge-CAUS-REP] Cf. p. hoyna 2. hooyiwja ( - y a ) vi.p. 1. have undergone com­

plete fledging. Pay itdakwdytipkyaveq kwaydoya kur —a. Apparently the hawklet at our hawk-gathering area became fully-fledged and left the nest. 2. reach maturity. Itdamana pay p u ' - q e pay naap naatavi’yta. Our girl has reached maturity now, and is self-sufficient, hooy-iwa [fledge-PASS] hooyiwpu {comb, -hoyiwpu) adj.sg. 1. fullyfledged (re a bird). - kwaahu pi pay tukwsiwtangwuniiqe oovi pdasat pay naap maqnumngwu. A fully-fledged eagle is one that’s fully matured so at that point it hunts on its own. — Pam puhuhoyiwpu. That one is newly fledged. 2. (met.) grown up, no longer with one’s mother (in general). I ’ suukya iti pay —. This one child of mine is all grown up (and married). 3. (met.) initiated. Kyeldwya —. The initiate (“little sparrowhawk”) is one who has gone through initiation, hooy-iw-pu [fledge-PASS-RSLT]

hooyiwjta (-yungwa) vi.i. be fully-fledged, matured, grown up. Pam naat qa —ta. He is not fully-fledged yet. — / ’ naat pu ’ hiita pdkiiqa naat qa -taqa: pam piw kyeldwyaningwu. This person tihat has just begun the initiation is not fully-fledged yet; he’s called an initiate. — I ' hak maana sen tiyo pay hakim -taqam . This girl or this boy, they’re people who are all grown up. hooy-iw-ta [fledge-PASS-DUR]

h6oyokin|ta (-to ta ) vt.i.pl.obj. be moving several times. Nu' ingumantatngay - t a . I keep moving my containers of flour around, ho^o-k-in-ta [RDP-move-SGL-CAUS-REP] hooyok.ya vi.p. move, change position; anim.pl. o f hoyo(k-). ho-yo-k-ya [RDP-move-SGL-PL] hooyuku (- y a ) vn.p. finish making an arrow. Nu’ taavokhaqam p u ’ - . Sometime yesterday I finished making an arrow, hoo-yuku [arrow-make/ finish]

(-)hop- comb, o f hoop(aq). [(-)northeast-] hop’o postp. paus. o f hoop(aq). hop-’o

[north-

easi-PS]

hopaqa

n.sg. a species of large reed. - yaw paaqavit tupko’at. The hopaqa is the younger broker of the paaqavi. ho-paqa [arrow-reed] Cf. paaqavi, giant reed, bamboo reed, hopaqki (postp. -v e(q ), -v a(q e ), ~m i(q), —ngaqw) n.sg. = hopoqki. hop-aq-ki [northeast-EX-home]

hopaqkwao^v. = hopoqkwa. hop-aq-kwa

[north-

east-EX-in:the:language:of]

hopaqlavayi/t..rg.

= hopoqlavayi. hop-aq-lavayi

[northeast-EX-speech]

Hopaq|mosayru(-rnomsaynit) n. = Hopoqmosayni. hop-aq-mosayru [northeast-EX-buffalo] hopaqjqa’o n.5g. = hopoqqa’d. hop-aq-qa’d [northeast-EX-corn]

hopaqsin|o(-om; flcc./?/. -muy)n. = hopoqsino. hop-aq-sino [northeast-EX-person] hopaqjtaqa(-taataqt) n. = hopoqtaqa. hop-aq-taqa

[northeast-EX-man]

Hopaqvayu

n.sg. = Hopoqvayu. hop-aq-vayu

[northeast-EX-river]

Hopaqvollit n.pl.

= Hopoqvoliit. Hop-aq-volii-t

[txH-theast-EX-buuerfly-NSG]

hopji 1 ( - lit;

comb, hopii-) n. 1. behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi way. Pam pas - i ; pam pas qa hisat hakiy yuuyuyna. He’s very well-man­ nered; he never bothered anyone. 2. (cap.) Hopi person. Itam p u ' pas Hdpiituy s u ’amun pasva tumala'yyungwa. We are working today in the fields just like Hopis. — Hdpiiiuyniqw i ’ tuuwaqatsi yaw sakwitini. According to Hopis, the world will be destroyed. — Itam hapi Hdpiituy qa amumum neyngdltini. We are not to become intermin­ gled with the Hopi people. 3. human being, per-

hopi son. Pay hak —i. He’s a person. — Pay hak yan itamun ~ i. He is someone [who’s] a person like we are. — Pam hak qa nukpana —i. He is not a wicked person. — Pas s u —iniikyangw pangso. He went there without veiling his personal identity. — Si'dot su'itamun hdpiitniikyangw puma tuwat supwat la'vayVyyungwa. The Zunis are people just like us, but they speak a different language. — Pam ntmakyangw pas as yaw mdoti hoonawnit, pu ’ pay haqdapiy pam ahoy hdpiniwti. As he was going home he was at first a bear, then gradually he turned back into a human being. Cf. qahopi, misbehaving or ill-mannered one. h o p i 2 (hoopit) adj. (with paas) fluent in the Hopi language. / ’ pas paas That one is very fluent in the Hopi language. — Puma pas poos hdopit. They are very fluent in Hopi. h o p i ’i w j m a (~w isa) vi.i. be getting good, mannered. / ’ pas okiw qa hisat hdpinit, p u ' pay hihin ^ m a . The one was never a behaving one, sad to say, but now he’s getting good. — Itdatiposi qa '-m a. Our baby is getting mischievous. hopi- ’iw-ma [mannered/civilized-ST-PROG] h o p i’iw n u m | a (--ya) vi.i. go around behaving properly. Put nooma 'at yaw maatapqw oovi tis’ew p u ' pas qa —a. Since his wife let him go (di­ vorced him), he has all the more reason to go around misbehaving (womanizing). — Is uni, pas u m p u ’qa hiita ang hintsaknuma; pas u m p u ’ - a . How nice, you’re not going around disturbing things; now you’re going around behaving! hopi- 'iw-numa [mannered/civilized-ST-CIRCG] h o p i’i w j t a ( —yungwa) vi.i. be well-behaved, good, mannered. Ya yan -tangwu? Does one behave like this? — N u’ paapu —tani. I’m going to behave from now on. — Pas nu ’ himuwya ’iwta, itdamana -taqw . I am elated (that) our daughter is behaving well, hopi-’iw-ta [mannered/civilized-ST-DURJ hopi’nangwa’y |ta( —yungwa) vi.i. be showing good behavior, behaving morally or correctly. M i’ naala - ta ; qahopiniikyangw. That man is showing good behavior, though he is really no good, hopi- 'nangwa- 'y-ta [mannered/civilizcd-hcart-POSS-DUR] h o p i |h i i n u (-'hiimu; acc. -hiita) n. Hopi things. Nu ’ as ung hikikw hiita - hiita tuuvingtani. I’d like to ask you about some Hopi things. — -hU m u naat a'ni poninita. Hopi things are still viable, hopi-himu (Hopi-thingj h o p i h i n |t i ( —toti) vt.p. do in a customary Hopi manner. Ephaqam hiita --totingwu. Sometimes they do something in a customary Hopi manner. hopi-hin-ti [mannered/civilized-how-R] h o p ih in ts a k p i/i.jg . Hopi ceremony, event. Pay peehu — naat kyaptsitiwa. Some Hopi ceremonial events are still held in respect, hopi-hin-tsak-pi [Hopi-how-bc:doing-INSTR]

hopii' comb, of Hopi. [Hopi-] Hopliki (postp. -v e(q ), -v a(q e ),

-m i(q ), — ngaqw) n.sg. Hopi village, Hopi land, Hopi reservation. Pay yaw - v e qa himu hintsakni. There will be no event going on in the Hopi land. ------ veq datsavala. The [people] scattered on the Hopi land. — Pay yaw yang sdosovik —vn aqwhaqami yaw yeesiwa. People were living through­ out all of the Hopi villages around here. — Pas n u ’ '-miqhaqami solmoki. I am homesick for the Hopi reservation. — / ’ hak -n g a q w tiyo. This is some young man from Hopi land, hopii-ki [Hopi-home] h o p lik w a adv. in the Hopi language. Kur pangqawu’u. Please say it in Hopi. — Ya hak hin - watcT-t pangqawngwu? How do you say water in Hopi? — N u’ as ung hiisa’ hiita — tuuvingtani. I’d like to ask you a few things in Hopi. — Um

100

son it — nuy a a ’awnani? Will you not tell me this in Hopi? — Itam p u ’ pas —sani. From now on we’ll speak Hopi only, hopii-kwa [Hopi-in:ihe:language:of] hopiiqatsi n.sg. Hopi way of life, civilized life. Sinom —y kyaptsi’yyungwa. People have respect for their Hopi way of life. — Itda - naat qa so ’ti. Our Hopi way of life has not ended yet. — Haqawat - t qa naanawakna. Some don’t like the Hopi way of life, hopii-qatsi [Hopi-life] Var. hopiqatsi. hopiit n. pi. of hopi 1: 1. people who are man­ nered, civilized, who adhere to the Hopi way. 2. (cap.) Hopi people. 3. human beings, hopii-t [mannered/civilizcd/Hopi-NSG]

hopiiIta( - to ta ) vt.p. 1. civilize, rehabilitate. Ima Pahaanam qahopiituy pay hihin p u ’ -tota. These Anglos rehabilitated the bad-doers a little now. 2, make be (like) a Hopi (as in teaching to speak Hopi). Puma put hakiy pay qa hopisinot pas wungwnayaqe pan —tota. Since they raised that person who’s not a Hopi, that’s how they made a Hopi out of him. — N u’ it —ta; pam qa hopiituqayta. I have made this one a Hopi; he didn’t know how to speak Hopi. hopii-ta [mannered/ civilized/Hopi-CAUS]

hopiniw’iwta -RDP-learn:by:llstening-REP-INGR]

vaqe kopangtsSoqokye ’pu ’pay aydq piw - kyangw yeevangwu. And each one of the sorcerers, as he somersaults over It (a magic wheel), lands on the other side changed back to human form again. hdpi-niw- ’iw-ta [mannered/civilized/Hopi-change:inlo-ST-

hopikwewa n.

Hopi-style wo­ ven belt. Hak ~ tpddqante’put peyat pas aw ~ t akw s u ’an aniwnangwu. When you are weaving a Hopi belt you get its pattern right [only] by special­ ized knowledge, hopi-kwewa

-DURJ

hopiniwti hopikwewa

[Hopi-bell]

hopijkwsa

(-kw akw sa) n. Hopi manta dress. ~kwsa p u ’ atkyavaqe pay qa tuviipive’ytangwu. The Hopi manta dress nowadays doesn't have the “diamond design” on the bottom, hopi-kwsa [Hopi-dress] Hopilavayi n.sg. Hopi language. Um pi naat - t qa pas tuwi’yva. You’re the one that hasn’t learned the Hopi language well yet. hopi-lavayi [Hopi-speechJ Hopilvayi n.sg. = Hopilavayi. hopi-lvayi [Hopi-spcech] Hopi [ mans {dl. —mant or —m anat, acc. —m intuy or -m an atu y ; pi. -m a m a n t, acc. —mam^ntuy) n. Hopi maiden. Hisatngahaqaqw -m am ant qotsangumnit akw naasonwakwtiwisa. Since ancient times Hopi girls have been using white corn flour to beautify themselves, hopi-mana [Hopi-maiden]

hopii|ti ( —toti) vi.p. 1. become good, behaved, hopimatsi’y I ta (-y u n g w a) vt.i. mistake for a reformed. Um p u ’ - t i . You are well-behaved now. — hi, maana, kongtaqe p u ' - t i. My child, a girl, got to be behaved when she married. 2. become a Hopi. Pam as Tasavuningwunit p u ’ pam paas hopiituqayvaqe piw wuuyavo yep qdtuuqe oovi —ti. Even though he’s Navajo, he now speaks Hopi quite fluently and he’s also lived here a long time so he’s become Hopi. hopii-ti [mannered/ civilized/H(^i-R] Syn. 2. hdpiniwti. Cf. neg. of def. 1. qahopti. h o p iitn iw ti vi.p. pi. of hopiniwti: 1. become transformed into Hopis. 2. become transformed into human beings, hopii-t-niwti [mannered/civilized/ Hopi-NSG-change:intoJ

h o p iitu q a y | in a (-w isa ) vi.i. be starting to speak Hopi, learning to speak Hopi. Pay um -m a ; oovi nu' ung p u ’ pay pas maamatsngwu. You’re learn­ ing to speak Hopi; therefore I can understand you now. — Pam hin’ur -m a , Hopiikiveq qdthuqe. She’s learning to speak Hopi very well by living at Hopi. hopii-tuqay-ma [Hopi-learn:by:listening-PROG] h o p iitu q a y Ita(-y u n g w a ) v/.(. be able to speak Hopi. Pay nu’ qa pas - ta . I don’t speak Hopi very w ell.----- 'taqa Pahaana kur pay dapiy. The Anglo that speaks Hopi has apparently left. — Yantaqw oovi ima tsaatsayom qa —yungwa. This is the way it is; that’s why these children can’t speak Hopi. hopii-tuqay-ta [Hopi-learn:by:listening-DUR]

hopiituqayva (-ya) vn.p. learn to speak Hopi. Um hin - ? How did you learn Hopi? — Nu’ as pas -niqey naawakna. I’d like to really learn Hopi. hopii-tuqay-va [Hopi-learn-INGR] hopiitutuqay | i( —ya) vi.i. be learning Hopi. Pay qa suukya Pahansino - i ; niikyangw pay qa himuwa pas naat Hopit an tuuqayva. More than one Anglo person is learning Hopi, but none of them can speak it like a Hopi can. hopii-tu-tuqayi (Hopi-RDP-learn:by:listeningl

hopiitutuqayna (~ya) vi.i. be teaching Hopi. Um inumi o ’qala n u ’ ung —niqat. You are induc­ ing me to teach you Hopi. hopii-tu-tuqay-na [Hopi-RDP-learn:by: Iistening-CAUSJ

hopiitutuqaytiva (-ya) vn.p. start learning Hopi. Nu’ hisat p u ’ —qe qa hiita tuwi’ytangwu; p u ’ nu’pay navotngwu. Long ago when I had just started learning Hopi I didn’t know anything; now I understand right away, hopii-tu-tuqay-t-iva [Hopi-

Hopi. Pas n u ’ put hakiy —ta; noqw kur pam qa Hopi. I mistook that person for a Hopi, but it turns out he’s not a Hopi. hopi-mats-i-’y-ta [Hopi-recognIze-NR'POSS-DUR]

hopimatsil I ti ( —toti)

v /.^ ,g et a Hopi identity. Pam katsinvakqe p u ’ - t i . When he got initiated into the Kachina society, then he got his Hopi identity, hopi-matsil-ti [Hopi-be;named-RJ hopi I matsiwa ( —m am atsiw|a; comb. —matsiw-) vi.i. be named in Hopi. Ya um hin -m a tsi­ wa? What is your Hopi name? ( “How are you named in Hopi?”) hopi-matsiwa [Hopi-be:named] hopimatsiw| tavi.i.s^g. =pl. have a Hopi identity. Put hapi itam aw a a ’asya; put hapi aw itam —ta. That is what we are being ritually initiated into; that is our Hopi identity, hopi-matsiw-ta [Hopi-be: named-DUR]

hopimelooilin. jg. muskmelon with regular stripes and ridges. —pas suukwangwtingwu. Hopi muskmelons ripen very quickly, hopi-melooni [Hopi-muskmelon] Hopimomoyain/I./7/. Hopi women. Peetu — p u ’ kwakwsomivikit qa tuwi’yyungwa. Some Hopi women don’t know how to make kwakwsomiviki today, hopi-momoyam [Hopi-womcn] Cf. sg. Hopiwuuti. Hopi Imosayru (-m o m say m t) n. Hopi Buffalo dancer, -m osayrut hisat as hin’ur wuktangwunit pu ’ pay qa pas pan wuktangwu. The Hopi Buffalo dancers long ago used to really stamp their feet; nowadays they hardly step like that, hopi-mosayru [Hopi-buffalo] Syn. Mosayru. hopinavoti n.sg. Hopi knowledge, Hopi oral tradition. Yaw kur it —t aqw su ’an phuniqw yaw itam powatiwni. If Hopi oral tradition comes true, we will be purified, hopi-navoti [Hopi-known:thing] Var. hopinvoti. hopi I nawakna ( —nanawakna) vn.p. want the Hopi way, support to the philosophy of the “Hostiles”. Naat peetu Hopiit -nanawakna. Some Hopis still want the Hopi way. hopi-nawakna [Hopi-wanl] hopiniw’iw I ta (~ yungwa) vi.i. l. be changed, transformed into a Hopi. Pam as Pahaananiikyangw paas hopiituqaytaqe pay pas ~ ta. He’s an Anglo but he speaks Hopi so well that he’s (practi­ cally) changed into a Hopi. 2. be changed into human form. Pay piw himuwa powaqa ahoy ats-

r .......................................................................... ................. .

hopiniwti

(hdpiitniwti) vi.p. 1. become trans­ formed into a Hopi. Pay um - , p u u ’u. Well, you have changed into a Hopi today (by participating in this affair). — Pay kya wuuhaqniiqam as qa Hopisinom tsakongahaqaqw Hdpiituy aw wungwyaqe pay hdpUtniwti. Probably a lot of non-Hopis who were raised from childhood by Hopi parents have become Hopis. 2. become transformed into a human. Pay pi lavaytaqw himu powaqa mihikqw pay hiita akw waynumt pu ’ taalawvaqw pay ahoy -ngw u. They talk about someone who is a sor­ cerer and travels by night as something [not human] but when daylight comes changes back into a human, hopi-niwti [mannered/civilized/Hopi-change: into) Syn. 1. hopiiti. hopinosiwqan.jg. Hopi food. - pi pay i ’ himu nepni. Wild greens are considered food to the Hopis. — Pam hapi —t siivuwtangwu, kwasay atpikyaqe piihuy anga’. She tucks Hopi food underneath her dress, right under her breast, hopi-nosiwqa [Hopi-food] hopinvoti n.sg. = hopinavoti. hopi-nvoti [Hc^i-known;thing]

hopiqatsi

n.sg. Hopi way of life, civilized life. Pahaanam piw —t yeese. Anglos also live a civilized life, hopi-qatsi [Hopi-life] Var. hopiiqatsi. hopiqatsitwi n.sg. Hopi way of life, lifestyle, custom. - pas tuwat naap sutskye’. The Hopi way of life is unique, hopi-qatsi-twi [Hopi-lifc-practical: knowledge]

H o p is in j O ( - o m , acc.pl. -m u y ) n. Hopi per­ son. N u’ -m u y amumi hdalayi. I am friendly toward the Hopi people, hopi-sino [Hopi-person] h o p i I SOna ( - sosont) n. 1. cannibal, person who eats human flesh, -so so n t yaw sinmuy qoyanta. They say people who eat human flesh were killing people. 2. one who prefers Hopis. Pam Pahaana -sonaniiqe oovi panis hopinomatima. That Anglo likes Hopis, that’s why he keeps taking Hopi brides, hopi-sona [human:being-craverl H o p i j t a q a ( -ta a ta q t) n. Hopi man. Qa hisat oovi haqam -ta q a , tiyo, hisat kway aw pite’ aw aapiy lomahingqawu. It is not customary for a Hopi man or boy to start out saying something nice to his paternal aunt’s husband when he meets him (because of their joking relationship), hopi-taqa |Hopi-man]

hopijtotsi ( —tototsi)

n. red buckskin moccasins with rawhide soles, the traditional Hopi footwear. -to ts i pas hisat tahut akw tuu ’ihiwtangwu; pu ’ pay qa pas putakwningwu. Hopi moccasins used to be sewn with sin­ ew; now they’re seldom hopitotsi made with that, hopi-totsi [Hopi-shoe] Syn. sawkototsi. hopitungwni n.5g. Hopi name. I - Nuvati. My Hopi name is Nuvati. hopi-tungwn-i [Hopi-name-NR] hopitungwniw I ta ( -yungw a) vi.i. be named in Hopi. Nuy pay itdakyam tipos’asnayat nuy tungwayaqw oovi n u ’ —ta. My paternal aunts have ceremonially washed my head as an infant and given me a name, so I am named in Hopi. hopi-tungwn-iw-ta [Hopi-name-ST-DUR] Hopitutskwa(po5/p. -v e(q ), -v a(q e), -m i(q ), —ngaqw) n.sg. Hopi land. Pas n u ’ -miqhaqami solmoki. I am homesick for the Hopi land, hopi-

hopoqnasimoki

101 -tutskwa

[Hq>i-land]

hopi|tiiw i(—tutwi)n. Hopi custom, Hopi way of doing s.th., Hopi know-how. Koysomiq tdupeptaniqw pam —tuwi. To bake sweet com in the earthen pit oven is a Hopi custom, hopi-tuwi [Hopi-practical: knowledge]

hopi Ituwutsi( -tutuwutsi) n. Hopi story. Haqawat tsaatsayom -tuwutsit pas wuuhaq navoti’yyungwa. Some of the children know a lot of Hopi stories, hopi-tuwutsi [Hopi-story] hopivahaana(—m) n. 1. honest or well-behaved White person. Pam pay pas —; pay qa hiita hintsanngwu. He’s an honest Anglo; he doesn’t hurt anything. 2. person who is half Hopi, half Anglo. - t timat qa hopiituqayyungwa. The children of a person who’s half Hopi don’t know how to speak Hopi. hopi-vahaana [Hopi-Anglo] hopivena ( —ya) vt.p. brand Hopi livestock to mark them as belonging within the Hopi grazing district. Um qa hiitawat uuvokoy kur —. It looks like you haven’t branded any of your livestock with the Hopi brand, hopi-vena [Hopi-draw] hopivenpi n.sg. the brand on Hopi livestock marking their identity as belonging within the Hopi grazing district. The earlier brand was known as the “hat brand” and the present one is a mark like an H with the right side line curled in nearly to make a 6, referring to Hopi District 6. - pay yanhaqam sdniwa: The Hopi brands look something like this: hopiv^n-pi

[mark:as:Hopi-INSTR]

hopivewat (pnu5. —a) adv. according to the Hopi way of doing things. Pam pan oovi — natngwani’yta, Tsirdoya. So that is his name in Hopi, Tsirboya.------ klta’a, “Come here.” Say this in the Hopi way, “Come here.” — Um — pdoqantani; qa Kastilmuy an ’i. Use the weaving technique of Hopi, not of the Spaniards, hopi-vewat [Hopi-in: theimanner]

hopiviva/i.^g. Hopi tobacco. Um - t tu w i ’yta, hin soniwqw? Do you know what Hopi tobacco looks lik e ? hopi-viva [Hopi-tobacco] Hopivoliit n.pl. Hopi (type oO Butterfly dancers. — kopatsoki’yyungngwu. Hopi Butterfly dancers have tablitas. hopi-volii-t [Hopi-butterfly-NSG] hopijvosaala ( —vopsaala) n. Hopi blanket. - vosaala ephaqam maasiningwu; qomvit qootsat enang akw tutuwduvuningwu. Hopi blankets are sometimes gray, striped with black and white. hopi-vosaala [Hopi-blanket] Syn. kwikwilvosaala. hopivdtskwani/i..rg. the Hopi way, the Hopi path of life as chosen at the time of the Emergence. Nu’ naat pas - t ang’a. I’m still following the Hopi way. hopi-votskwani [Hopi-way:of:Iife]

hopi|wiini ( —wiwimi) n. Hopi ritual practice. —wimit hintsakqw a 'ni tumalaniikyangw put angqw naat mongvaswa. The practice of Hopi religion is hard work, but beneficial things still come from it. hopi-wimi [Hopi-ritual] hopiwuusi n.sg. filter made from purple hair grass, used to strain the ashes used in making piki. Hak —t akw qSdtsapkuyit pikvaqwriy aqw tsdakwaknangwu. You use a purple hair grass filter to strain the ash water for the piki batter, hopi-wdusi [Hopi-purpIe:hair-grass]

Hopiwuuti n.sg. Hopi woman. — hisat aase’ hddmiy mootsotangwu. A Hopi woman used to make her hair stick out to the front (to twist the

water out) when she washed it. hopi-wduti [HopiCf. pi. Hopimomoyam. hopiwya (hohoplwyam) n. 1. well-behaved Hopi child. Pas n u ’ - t mdoyi’yta; oovi aydm sunyanta. I have a very well-behaved grandchild, that’s why she’s keeping still over there. 2. well-behaved person. Haqawat itamungaqwpas qa hohopiwyam. Some of us are not well-mannered, hopi-wya [Hopi/ -woman]

mannered/civilized-DIM]

h o p iy u ’a ’a | t a ( - t o t a ) vt.t. 1. be speaking of an acceptable topic in a proper manner. Pam as pas nukushopinit p u ’ pay pas - ta . He used to have a foul mouth but now he is speaking in a proper manner. 2. be speaking in Hopi. Pas um hakiy n d ’angwu, um - t e ’. You really make me laugh when you are speaking Hopi. hopi-yu’a -’a-ta [mannered/civilizcd-sp^-R D P-R EP]

h o p k y j e ’ {extr. -a q e ) postp. in an area in the northeast, along the northeast, on the northeast side, hop-kye’ [northeast-DIF] See hoop(aq). (-)h o p n ~ comb, of hoopa. [(-)peel:off-] h o p n i/i.5 g . rabbitbrush stem that has been peeled by hand. Yungyaplalwaqam —tpashaqni’yyungwa. The people who are making wicker plaques have a great need for peeled rabbitbrush stems, hopn-i [peel:off-NR] Cf. sipni, stem that has been peeled with an instrument. h o p n i ’y | i n a ( —wisa) vt.i. 1. be peeling off rabbitbrush stems by hand. Pay n u ’ isivdapiy sdosok —ma. Now I’m peeling off all my rabbit­ brush. 2. (met.) be causing the inevitable develop­ ment of a situation or event, usu. bad. Yep sino naap itsivuy akw hiita qalomahintaqat sen hikis naaqoyiwuy aqw itamuy - m a . With his own bad temperament, man is taking us inevitably toward something bad, maybe even war. hopn-i-’y-ma [peel;off-NR-POSS-PROG]

hopoq-com f). of hoopo(q). hop-o-q- [northeast-DES-EX-] See hoop, h o p o q j h o y a (-h o o y am ) n. person from the Northeastern Pueblos. Naat -hdoyam epya. The Northeastern Pueblo people are still there, hop-o-q-hoya [noitheast-DES-EX-DIM] h o p o q k i( —ki;po5/p. —ve(q), —va(qe), —mi(q), —ngaqw) n. the Northeastern Pueblo community or country. (The “Northeastern” Pueblos do not include Zuni, which is not in the hoopaq direc­ tion.) r yaw tuuwutsi aydq - veq hiniwti. It is said that [the events in] this story took place over in the Northeastern Pueblo country.------ miq tuulewniy hduyawise’ tuukwavit pas ahoy kivayangwu. When they go trading their woven goods to the North­ eastern Pueblos they bring back mostly turquoise bracelets.— A: Yapumayaw hdqaqwya? B: Puma yaw -ngaqwya. A: Where are they said to have come from? B: They were from the Northeastern Pueblos, hop-o-q-ki [northeast-DES-EX-home] Var. hopaqki. hopoqkwa adv. in a Northeastern Pueblo lan­ guage. Pam - inumi hingqawu. He spoke to me in a Northeastern Pueblo language, hop-o-q-kwa [northeast-DES-EX-in:the:language] Var. hopaqkwa. hopoqlavayi n.sg. language(s) spoken by the Northeastern Pueblos. Nu' —t qa tuuqayta. I can’t speak (he languages of the Northeastern Pueblos. hop-o-q-lavayi [northeast-DES-EX-speech]Var. hopaqlavayi. Hopoq Imosayru( -m om saynit)n. Northeastern Pueblo type of Buffalo dancer. In the Hopi version there are one female and two male dancers, —mo­ sayru pi pay n a ’uywaynumngwu. The Northeastern Pueblo Buffalo dancer is one that walks around stealthily, hop-o-q-mosayru [northeast-DES-EX-buffalo] Var. Hopaqmosayni. hopoqnasinioki n.sg. s.th. borrowed from the

hopoqqa’d Northeastern Pueblos. Point ngasta usimni’yyunggam The Butterfly dancers that don’t wear scarves, are borrowed from (the style of the) Northeastern Pueblos, hop-o-q-nasimoki [northeast-DES-EX-b«Towed:thing]

hopoq I qa’on.5^.

(various Q^pes of) com associ­ a t e with the Northeastern Pueblo area as its source or origin, hop-o-q-qa ’6 [northeast-DES-EX-corn] Var. hopaqqa’d. hopoqqotsaqa’o n.sg. white com, a strain of com presumed to have been introduced from Santo Domingo Pueblo, uyqw wuuwupat timu’yva. When he planted the white Santo Domingo corn, it produced long ears of com. hop-o-q-qdtsa-qa’6 [northeast-DES-EX-white-corn]

h o p o q s in I o('~^om, acc.p/. —m uy)n. Northeast­ ern Pueblo person. This term is applied to all Pueblo Indians of New Mexico except for the Zuni. Pam ‘•'Otnooma’yta. He took a Northeastern Pueblo [woman] for his wife, hop-o-q-sino [northeast-DES-EX-person] Syn. ipl.) hoohopoqvit. Var. bopaqsino. hopoq Itaqa (—t^taqt) n. man from a North­ eastern Pueblo. Itam —taqat Idyavaqvi’yyungqw oovi tdataqt aw tutkyayat oovi maqaptsVyyungwa. We have a man from a Northeastern Pueblo as a visitor, so the men are waiting for him to show his wares. hop-o~q-taqa [northeast-DES-EX-man] Var. hopaqtaqa. hopoq|tuwut$i ( —tutuwutsi) n. story from a Northeastern Pueblo. Urn qa hiita —tuwutsit tuuwutsi'yta? Don’t you know any Northeastern Pueblo stories? hop-o-q-tuwutsi [nmtheast-DES-EX-story]

Hopoqvayu

n.sg.

Rio Grande, hop-o-q-vayu Var. Hopaqvayu. Hopoqvoliit n.pl. Northeastern Pueblo (type of) Butterfly dancers. ~ pay piw puunat kwangwativa. The Northeastern Pueblo style Butterfly dancers were also dancing quite well recently. Hop-o-q-volii-t Inortheast-DES-EX-butierfly-NSGJ Var. HopaqvoUit. hoponga n.sg. = hdopdnga. h6-p6ng-a [juniperInorthcast-DES-EX-river]

-knock-NR]

hopongaw -pdng~a-w

(pans. ~ u ) n.sg. — hdopdnga. hd-

[junlpcr-knock-NR-w]

hopqoy|ve(q)

(-v a (q e ), ~m i(q), -ngaqw ) postp. over on the northeast side. Paysoq itamu'-'ve naanaywaqw itam qa nanapta. They were lighting over on the northeast side of us and we didn’t hear i t .-------veq Paqaptsokvitpaysoq dhoop tup Kiisiw, p u 'p u t ngaqw Lowapso. Just a little ways northeast of Paqaptsokvi over on the north­ east side against the cliff is Kiisiw, then over northeast of that is Lowapso. — A: Haqam tuwanpi? B: Aapave puvuwpit -~va qaatsi. A: Where’s the measuring stick? B; It’s inside lying on the northeast side of the bed. — Wuuhaqniiqam Nuvatukya’oviy —va hoqlova ki'yyungwa. There are a lot of people living over on the northeast side of the San Francisco Peaks in the forest. — ItamitU'-va ki'yydngqam ndala. The people living over on the northeast side of us have moved. — Pay yaw pas yuumosa Orayviy ^vaqe tupkye’ kwiniwiqya. They were going directly (without stopping) along over on the northeast side of Oraibi close to the cliff w alls.------ mi masa’ytaqa poosi. The plane fell toward a place just over at the northeast side. — N u’ kur --mVi. I’m going over to the northeast side. — It ^ m iq hdrokna’a. Take this out to the northeast side. — Yupd, '^m iq’d. Noqw nu' uumiq tatsit tuuvani. Go over on the northeast side. So I can throw a ball over to you. — Suupan as ura um --miwatniqey pdngqawu. I thought you said you were going to the northeast

102 side (instead of another direction). — Pu' yuk Laputsqavdy d a —mihaqami kya pi put hisat oo 'oyyangwu. I guess they used to take those over on the northeast side of Laputsqavd somewhere. — Itam kyaananaptat -ngaqw yayva. We had a rough time coming up from over on the northeast side. — Itdakiy -ngaqw koho oyi. The firewood is piled on the nor^east side of our house. — Nawayvosdt hoopaqw tuukwit d-ngahaqaqw yaw himu paklawu. Over on the northeast side of a peak northeast of Nawayvoso, something wailed. hop-qdy-ve(-q) [northeast-side-PCT(-EX)] hopqoyvi (—t) n. person living on the northeast side, - t kur md'wi’yvaya; oovi hak ephaqam ngumanta. They ceremonially received at their house a new bride from the northeast side (of their home); that’s why she’s grinding com over there. hop-qoy-vi [northeast-side-NR] Hopqoy Iv i (po^/p. -v e(q ), -v a(q e), ~mi(q), ~ngaqw) n.sg. a mythical place in the northeast where marvelous building was accomplished by powaqam, “sorcerers”. The suggestion has been made that this may have to do with the Chacoan ruins, —vit pay piw pdngqaq.wangwu, Palangw. They say Palangw also for Hopqoyvi, a place over on the northeast side, hop-qoy-vi [northeast-side-NR] Syn. Palangw. hoqlo ipostp. ~ve(q), -va(qe), -m i(q ), — ngaqw) n.sg. stand of juniper trees, juniper grove, (pine and) juniper forest. Pay naat pas hisathaqam i' yepeq —saningwu. Quite some time ago, this here (Hotevilla) used to be just a juniper grove. — - t ang hiihiitu masa’yydngqam yeese. Many winged creatures live in the juniper grove. — Hoonaw -vehaqam puwma. The bear has been to sleep somewhere in the juniper grove. — Itam —veqya. We were over in the juniper forest. — Nu’ hopkyaqe -vatuvahepnuma. I’m going around looking for pinyon nuts in the (pine and) juniper forest to the northeast. — A: Pam yaw haqe' angqw? B: Pam yaw —vaqe angqd. A: By what route did he come? B: He said he came through the forest. — —mihaqami tsiro puuydlti. A bird flew into the woods. — Itam -m iqya. We went toward the (far) juniper grove. — Itam pu ’ —ngaqw pitu. Then we arrived from the juniper grove. — -ngahaqaqw puma ydutukiwta. The were mnning out of the juniper grove, ho-qlo [juniper-expanse] Var. hdoqdld. hoqwlo n.sg. = hoqlo. hora(k-) (hdrak.ya) vi.p. 1. kick to the back, kick with the hind leg(s), of a four-legged animal. Kawayo a ’ni - . The horse kicked hard. 2, {des.) kick at. Qa pas kawayot awhaqamini; uumi hdrakni. Don’t get too close to the horse; it’ll kick at you. — Puma inumi hdrak.ya. They kicked at me. 3. ineg.) mn out of energy, become unable to continue. Pangso nu’ pdasavo pas qa - . At that point 1 was unable to continue any farther. 4. (neg., usu. in habimal tense) be easy to handle, tame, as of a beast of burden; be an “easy” wom­ an. Mooro pay pas qa hdrakngwu. A donkey is not easy to handle. — Paas kwakwhd; pas qa hdrakngwu. She’s easy; she doesn’t resist. hora(-k-

-) (kick:back(-SGL-)]

hdrakna

( —ya) vt.p. make (an animal) jump, make give kick. Nu’ moorot hooviyat ep sdskwiqe put - . When I poked the donkey on its rump I made him kick, hora-k-na [kick:back-SGL-CAUS] horam|ti(-toti) vi.p. kick by reflex, give a big kick. Qa piw —ti? Didn’t it kick back any more? — Suus —tit pay mooki. After it gave a single kick, it died. — A: Ya uuvoko mooki? B: Piiyi, pay as naat hihin -tingwu. A: Did your animal (that you just slaughtered) die? B: I don’t know;

horokinta it’s still giving a kick once in a while, hord-m-ti [kick:back-AUG-RJ horara|law u(—lalwa) vi.i. keep kicking. Pdoko mdmokqe qa iits mokqe —lawu. When the dog was dying, it kept kicking since it didn’t die quickly. hora-ra-lawu [klck:back-RDP-CONT] horara|ta('-’tota) vi.i. l. be kicking. A ’ni — ta . It is kicking hard. — Pam pep -tikyangw p u ’ mokngwu. It dies kicking there. 2. be actively op­ posing. Put naap himuy wiimiy aw — to ta . He’s striking back (in words or action) at his own religion, hora-ra-ta [klck:back-RDP-REP] horaratl Ima ( —wisa) vi.i. i. go along kicking, as of a bucking horse. Itam kaneelot niinayaniqw qa naawaknaqe a ’ni - m a . We wanted to kill the sheep, but it resisted (being caught) by going along kicking hard. 2. (met.) go along (as through time) actively opposing. Naat pam yep hiihiita ang okiw as haktonsa — m a . He’s still showing his opposi­ tion to everything here [but] in vain, hora-ra-t-ima [kick:back-RDP-REP-PROG] h o raratin u m ja (~ y a ) vi.i. l. go around kick­ ing, as of a bucking horse. Kawdytaqa itsivutiqe a ’ni — a . The stallion got angry and was going around kicking hard. 2. (met.) go around object­ ing, expressing opposition. Naamahin as hiihiita Pahaanat tuwiyat ang —kyangw pay pam piw mdoti puhusikisvet tu ’i. Even though he’s going around expressing opposition to many Anglo ways, yet he was the first man to buy a new car. hora-ra-t-inuma [kick:back-RDP-REP-CIRCGJ horarativa ( - y a ) v /.^ b eg in kicking. Tsay hiita tungla ‘y taqw yu ’at qa rndqaqw pu ’ pam suqtuptut hin’ur - . When the child wanted something and his mother refused, he sat down quickly and began kicking. — Nu ’ taavot niinat ay6 ’ tuuva; nu ’ su ’aw aw pituqw kur qa mokqe pay - . After I killed the cottontail I threw it over there; then I got right up next to it and it apparently wasn’t dead because it began kicking, hora-ra-t-iva [kick:back-RDP-REP-INGR] horaraykina ( —ya) vt.p. cause to start to kick. Kawayoy siipoq sdokwiknaqe pan put - . He made his horse start to kick by poking it in the crotch. hora-rd-yk-ina [kick:back-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] horarayku ( - y a ) vi.p. start to kick. Itiydoya inumi itsivutiqe inumi - . My little boy got angry with me and started to kick me. — Nu’ put sokotku, -n iq a t oovi. I pinched him so he would start to kick. — P u’ um ason tawme’ so ’tapne’ - q w pu ’uutawapapro qalaldykumantani. Then each time when you stop singing, as you go along shake your legs so your jingle bells will sound, hora-rd-yku [kick:back-RDP-REP(PF)l horasvevejta ( —tota) vi.i. be kicking rapidly. Pam taavo pephaqam wd 'okiwkyangw yaw angqe ’ - t a . That cottontail rabbit was lying down over there as it was kicking rapidly, hora-sve-ve-ta [kick-INTNS-RDP-REP] horo(k“) 1 vi.p.sg. get extracted. Suukya tsddqdkni pay angqw naat peehu piw ang hordmtini. One post has been extracted; the rest have yet to be extracted, horo(-k-) [extract(-SGL-)] Cf. pi. ipwanilti. h o ro (k -) 2 (hdrok.ya) vi.p. grow, stretch upward (re person). Kur i ’ —; oovi p u ’ qa w i’yta. This one has apparently shot up (in growth), that’s why she’s so skinny. — Pas itiydoya hin’ur laaki, pam hdrokqe oovi. My little boy has really become thin; he’s grown [a lot], that’s why. horo(-k-) [cxtend(-SGL)] horokin|ta(—tota) vt.i. 1. be extracting, trying to extract. Nu ’ as yangqw mu 'dapit —taqw pas qa angqw yama. I’m trying to pull a nail out from here but it won’t come out. — N u’ taavot - ta .

horokiwta I’m trying to pull out a cottontail (from a burrow or rock crevice). 2. be expelling. N u’ as tumayat —taqw pas qa yamaknawakna. I’m trying to get the night suitor to leave but he doesn’t want to go out. hdro-k-in-ta [exiract-SGL-CAUS-REP] Cf. pl.obj. ipwanta. Syn. hortoyna. h o ro k iw ta v i.i.5 g . be extracted, withdrawn, taken out. Pep Pahaanam awiway akw pdroknayaqw oovi paahu - ta . The Anglos have used their machinery to drill there, that’s why the water is being drawn out there, hdro-k-iw-ta [extract-SGL-PASS-REP] Cf. pi. ipwaniwta. h o r o k n a (- y a ; refl. n^wrokna; comb, -wrokna) vt.p.sg.obj. 1. take out, let out, bring out. Pam yaw sukw hoy —q e p u ’ tumostsokya. He took out one of his arrows and put it on his bow. — Ason um pay hiisavoniqw uusikwitpey angqw —ni. After a little while take your roast out. — Nu’ pangqw ndwrokna. I took myself out from there. — S u ’aw yaw oovi wdutaqa yomikqw yaw atpikyaqe maanat himu suwrokna. Just as the old man did his pelvic thrust, something took the girl out from under him quickly. — Um as nuy - n i. Please let me out. — Uma oovi pew -ya n i. Bring him out here. — Kur hak umuy maamatse’ umuy qa -q w p a y uma hapi yepeq huruutini. If someone recognizes you and doesn’t let you pass [out of the village], you must stay here. 2. get water flowing by digging. Pam paahut - . He got the water flowing when he dug. 3. (with abl.) evict from, expel, send out. P u’ puma ung pangqw umdukiy angqw - . Then they evicted you from your house (“from that from your house”). — Um hisat piw yanhaqam hintsakqw pay nu ’ pdasat pas son ung yangqw itdakiy angqw qa - n i. When you do something like this again sometime then I will surely throw you out of our house (“from this from our house”). 4, (with ahoy) redeem, esp. pawned objects. N u’ tumdltuwdaqe angqw siivataqe pu ’ huuydnkive isipmasmiy haakhuyi’ytaqe put ahoy - . When I found work and got paid, then I went to the store where I had my silver bracelet pawned and redeemed it. 5. {refl.) extricate oneself from a situation, resign, withdraw. Pdnte’ pdasat p u ’ hak hin put angqw ay6 ’ ndwroknaniqey put.sa hak tumala’ytangwu. When you get into diat (predicament), then you do nothing but work at extricating yourself from it. — Pam yaw paapu pay qa tumdlmongwiniqe oovi angqw ndwrokna. He said he doesn’t want to be a job foreman anymore, so he resigned, hdro-k-na [extract-SGL-CAUS] Cf. pl.obj. 1., 3., 4. ipwa. See also tsaama 1, take out particulate matter. h o r o k n i ’y j t a (-yungwa) vt.i. have obj. being taken out. Riyayataqa pi paahut - ta ; niikyangw pam pi pas huukyangwuysa aw maqaptsi’yta. The windmill is the one that extracts the water, but it waits on the wind only (to operate). — N u’ tutuqaykiveq paahut -ta q a t wdriknama. I went to the school and started the water pump and came back. hdro-k-n-i- ’y-ta [extract-SGL-CAUS-NR-POSS-DUR]Cf. pl.obj. ipwani’yta. h o r o r o t a vi.i.pi. be in rows. / ’ palaqa’o pay hikik - . This red corn is in just a few rows. — N u’ panis tsivot.sikik —qat uuya. I planted only five rows ^ ^ ^ ^ horo-ro-ta [extend-RDPhororota -REP]

h o r o r o y k i n a 1 ( - y a ) vt.p. plant in rows. Nu’ pay Iddkye’ - . I planted two rows (of plants at one time), horo-rd-yk-ina [extend-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] h o r o r o y k i n a 2 ( - y a ) vt.p. start to extract, take out. Puma - y a , puta’, tundsvongyata. They

103 started bringing them out quickly, her dishes of food (one bowl after another), horo-rd-yk-ina [extract-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] hortoyna (-ya) vt.i. be extracting, trying to extract. N u’ angqw put - . I’m trying to take that out from there. — Pavan yaw motsovuy angqw lengiy -kyangw ang lengitsmita. It was really sticking its tongue out from its snout as it was lick­ ing on it. hor-to-yna [extract-REP-CAUS] Syn. hdrokinta. hoskaya (hd-(m )) adj. (masc.spkr.) large, huge, enormous. Pay nu ’ su ’awwukoq paakot naawakna, qa pas —/ . I want a good-size piece of cottonwood root, not too large. — Is tathi, - . My gosh, it’s huge! — Nu’ sus—t owat ep kwusu. I picked up the largest stone. — P u’ hapi yaw lemowa h d - . And the hailstones were huge. — A: Um hingsakw kawayvatngat aniwna? B: H d —ta. A: How big are the watermelons you raised? B: They are huge. — Hd -m u y kawaymuy aw yori. He saw huge horses. Cf. fem.spkr. yaasayoq. hoskayti (hd—) vi.p. (masc.spkr.) become very large, huge. Uukawayvdoko kur —. Your horse has apparently become very large, hoskay-ti [large-R] Cf. fem.spkr. yaasayoqti. hospow Ii( —lit) n. roadrunner. Geococcyx californianus. Pas kur —i a ’niwdrikngwu. I didn’t know a roadrunner could run so fast. Hospowikatsinan.fg. akachina. hospowi-katsina [roadrunner-kachina] hot- comb, of hdota(’at). [back-] hot’a’akulj a ( - y a ) vn.i. be arching back. Qa pas hin ’ur - ni; uuhdota qdhikni. Don’t be arching back so far; your back will break, hot-’a -’aku-la [back-RDP-concave-ST] hot’akula ( - y a ) vnt.p. make arch the back. Hotpeq hoy akw m d’daqe okiw —a. When he shot him in the back with his arrow, he made the poor guy arch his back, hot-’aku-l-a [back-concave-ST-CAUS] hot’akuljti (-to ti) vn.p. arch the back. P i’aku —ti. The caterpillar arched its back, hot-’akd-l-ti [back-concave-ST-R] hot’akuw|ma (-w isa ) vn.i. go along with the back arched. Pas hintiqw pam pangqw -m a ? Why is he coming along from there with his back so arched? hot-’aku-w-ma [back-concave-ST-PROG] hot’akuw Ita (-yungw a) vn.i. be arched back. Tasapkatsinmuy tiivaqw suukya pas pavan - ta . When the Navajo kachinas were dancing, one of them really had an arched back. — Qa pas hin ’ur - t a ’a; tag Ctuhot’oqa qdhikni. Don’t have your back a rc h ^ so because your backbone will break. hot-’aku-w-ta (back-concave-ST-DUR]Cf. kd’akuwta, be bent forward. hotj’oqa ( - ’d^dqa; comb. - ’6q-) n. 1. back­ bone, spine, vertebra or vertebral column. U u - ’oqa kur qdhi. Your backbone has apparently been broken. 2. s.th. that resembles a backbone or functions similarly, as the shaft connecting the front and rear axles of a wagon or the drive shaft of a car. Kareetat - ’dqa’at kur kwana. The connecting shaft for the wagon’s front and rear axles apparently split, hot-’dqa [back-bone] hot’oqlangangan.^g. mint, mint plant, Mentha arvensis. - 1 hak kaphetaqw pas piw kwangwngwii. When one makes minted co^ee, it’s also delicious. hot ’dq-langa-nga [backbone-getipulled-medicine] hot’oqnamuru/i.5g. ridge of the spine, hot’dq-namuru [backbone-ridge] hota- comb, of hdota(k-). [stretchiout-J hotam’iw|ina(d/5rr. -m sa )vi.i.p l. bespreading out. Kaway ’uyi qa wuuyavotiqw pay yaw —ma. It wasn’t long before the watermelon plants had

hotomqa runners spreading out. hota-m-’iw-ma [stretchrout-AUG-ST-PROG] Cf. sg. hootakiwma. hotam’iw|ta(^{5//’. -yungw a) vi.i.pl. be spread out, stretched out. Ikaway’uyi pay a ’ni —ta. My watermelon plants are quite spread out already. hota-m- ’iw-ta [stretch:out-AUG-ST-DUR] Cf. sg. hdotakiwta. hotamin | ta( —tota) vt.i.pi.obj. be stretching out. Nu’ itdnkwiviy -ta . I’m stretching out my yam boiled in a dye solution, hota-m-in-ta [stretchrout-AUG-CAUS-REP] Cf. sg.obj. hdotakinta. hotamna ( —ya) vt.p.pi.obj. stretch out, make extend. Nu’ itoniy —. I stretched out my yarn (to dry), hota-m-na [stretch:out-AUG-CAUS] Cf. sg.obj. hdotakna. hotamti vi.p.pi. get stretched out. Itupko kaway ’uyit - q w tiUdve’ytani. When the watermelons stretch [with vines on the ground], my younger brother will sponsor a dance. — Kaway’uyi yaw wupa - . The watermelon vines grew long runners. hotd-m-ti [stretch:out-AUG-R] Cf. sg. h5ota(k-). hotasoin|a 1 ( - y a ) vn.p. tie a knot with a bow loop. Hak - e ’ pay suungdyngwu. When you tie with a bow loop, you can untie it quickly, hota-soma [stretch:out-tie] Cf. tsinosoma, tie a not (without a bow), hotasoma 2 n.sg. bow knot. / — ngaahi. My bow knot came untied. hotasomin.5g. = hotasoma 2. hota-som-i [stretch: out-tie-NR] hotasomiw | ta ( —yungwa) vn. i. be tied in a bow knot. Itotsiy ep itotswikpangwa pay —ta. The shoelaces on my shoes are tied in bows, hota-som-iw-ta [siretch:out-tie-PASS-DUR] -hote n.sg. comb, of Hoote (kachina). hotkwilalni n.sg. vertical depression running on either side of the spine. Ou—y ang rdopifdwta. There is a scratch along the depression of your spine, hot-kwila-l-ni [back-grooved-ST-NR] hotmi(q) n.postp. to the back, toward the back. hot-mi(-q) [back DES(-EX)] See hdota(’at). hotnga ( h o o -) n. quiver or the arrows contained in the quiver. Panis yaw pumuy talavay yesvaqw nddndsaqw pay yaw piw —y iikwUtat p u ’ maqtongwu. As soon as they got up in the morning and ate breakfast, he would shoulder his quiver and go hunting, ho-tnga [arrow-things:in;container] hotngaqw n.postp. from the back, hot-ngaqw [back-ABL] See h&otaCat). hotom’iw|ta(^/wrr. -yungw a) vi.i.pl. be strung up. Tsorposi —ta. The turquoise is strung. — Tsirdot siva ’uutsit ang aqwhaqami -ta . The birds are perched along the fence wire (as if stmng along it). — Sinot engem paahot -ta q a t yukuyangwu. They make prayer feathers strung up (on a pole) for a person, hoto-m- ’iw-ta [string:up-AUG-ST-DUR] hotomin{ta ( - t o t a ) vt.i.pl.obj. be stringing up. Tuupevut laknaniqe -ta . She’s stringing up the baked sweet corn to dry it. — Nu’ itu’tsiy —ta. I’m stringing up my roasted com. hoto-m-in-ta [slring:up-AUG-CAUS-REP] hotomna ( - y a ) vt.p.pl.obj. string objects on a line. It tdupevut — ’a. String this baked sweet corn, hoto-m-na [string:up-AUG-CAUS] hotomni n.sg. com strung on a line (from the stem end). (In comb., may refer to other than corn, e.g., beads, prayer feathers.) Uu— qa laaki. Your ^ stmng com didn’t dry. — Ngaspi um wuuhaq - ’yta. I envy you for having so many strands of corn, hoto-m-ni [string:up-AUG-NR] hotomqa n.jg. trey, playing card with the number three. Um —tp a n i’yta. You have the trey, hotd-m-

H o to m q a m -qa [string:up-AUG-REL] n.pl. Orion. The Hopi constellation focused on three stars in Orion: Betelgeuse, Alnilam (the central star of Orion’s belt), and Rigel. Pay kur situtokihaqU: oovi ~ s u ’ang.ya. It’s evidently midnight; Orion is in exactly the same position (as the sun at midday). — Tsodtsdqam mdoti’ywisqw p u ’ ~ amungk.yangwu; niikyangw ~ uy pas hakim epyangwu. The Pleiades go first and Orion follows them; however, people orient themselves on the latter. — Ayamhaqam —yaqw itam tok.wisa. When Orion was over there, we went to bed. — HUta tomo’ ang yungiwtaqam pi pay suyan ~ uy epyangwu; puma pumuy aw pi antsa paas piasat tunatyawwisngwu. The ones that have entered some [ceremonial] session in winter clearly go by Orion; at that time they observe it really very carefully, hotd-m-qa-m [string:up-AUG-

Hotomqam

-REL-NSG]

hotomti

vi.p.pl. gel strung up. / ’ sdosoy ang All these got strung up along there, hotd-m-ti

(string:up-AUG'R]

Hotooto (dl.

~ t) n. the two kachinas that accom­ pany Hee’e’e in the procession during the Powamuy ceremony; they always come in a pair. [Zuni Hmuittu] Cf. Sikyahotooto, Sakwahotooto. hotpa(qe) n.postp. along an area on the back. hol-pa(-q-e) |back-DIF(-EX-DIF)] See h6ota(’at). hotpe(q) n.postp. at or on a point on the back. hot-pe(-q) [back-PCT(-EX)] See h6ota(’at). hotpele(k-) (~ .y a ) vn.p. get a chafed back. Owa "ytaqat ep kawayvosqe pay ~ . When he fell from the horse in a rocky area, he got a chafed back, hot-pelef-k-) [back-abrade(-SGL-)] hotqaapu(k-) ( - .ya) vn.p. strain an upper back muscle. Um kya naap hin put tsopdataqe oovi —. Maybe you lifted that carelessly, that’s why you strained your back. hot-qdapu(-k-) [back-peel:off (-SGL-)] hotqaapukiwjta (-yungw a) vn.i. have a strained upper back muscle. Nu' sumataq —taqe oovi pas kur hin mdtoltingwu. I think I have a strained upper back muscle, because I can’t bend my head down, hot-qdapu-k-iw-ta [back-peel:off-SGL-ST-DUR]

h o tq aap u k n av n .p .jg .o b y . 1. peel off the ridged part of a yucca leaf. Um qa su'an it moohot ~ . You didn’t peel this ridged part of the yucca leaf correctly. 2. irefl.) sprain one’s own back. Nu' a ’ni putut owat tsopdataqe pay n a a ~ . When I lifted a very heavy rock I sprained my back. hot-qdapu-k-na [back-peel:off-SGL-CAUS] Cf. pl.obj. hotqapumna. hotqapuminmootsi n.sg. instrument to peel off the ridged part of a yucca leaf. ~ pay hiisakwhoyat tsuku'ytangwu. The yucca-peeling instrument has a very small point on it. hot-qapu-m-in-mdotsi [back-peel ;olf-AUG-C AUS-awl]

hotqapuinin|ta(~'tota)

vn.i.pl.obj. be peeling off ridged parts of yucca leaves. N u’ imohoy ^ta . I’m taking the top parts off my yucca plant, hot-qapu-m-in-ta |back-peel:off-AUG-CAUS-REP] hotqapumna ( ^ y a ) vn.p.pl.obj. peel off the ridged parts of yucca leaves. Nu ’ wuuhaq moohot - . I’ve peeled off the ridged parts of a lot of yucca leaves. hot-qapu-m~na [back-peel:oif-AUG-CAUSl Cf. sg.obj. hotq^pukna. hotqohi(k>) ( - .ya) vn.p. get a broken back. Pam yaw sikisvey akw ndmtokqe . They say he turned over in his car [and] broke his back, hot-qohi(-k-) [back-break(-SGL-)]

hotqohikiw I t a ( ~ yungwa)

vn.i. have a broken back. Pam '-taqe oovi p u ’ pay pas qa waynuma. He has a broken back, that’s why he can hardly get around anymore. hot-qohi-k~iw-ta [back-break-

H o tv M p i

104 -SGL-ST-DUR]

hotqohikna(-ya)

tsa, hotsokqa’o.

vnt.p. break someone’s back. hotsok Ihoya ( - hdoyam) n. a type of small owl Qa put pantsafd’i; taq um —ni. Don’t do that to or nocturnal bird not satisfactorily identified, - h o ­ him; you’ll break his back, hot-qohi-k-na Iback- ya pi pay teevep puwngwu. The hotsokhoya is one -break-SGL-CAUS] [bird] that sleeps all day long, hotsok-hoya [burrowhotsikve(’at) n.sg.poss. zigzag, zigzag design. ing:owl-DlM] —*at ang sulawti. Its zigzag designs along there hotsokqa’on.5g. speckled blue corn. Um wuuhaq - t siingya. You husked a lot of speckled blue have vanished. — Ikweway pala— *ytaqat nu’ qa corn, hotsok-qa’d [burrowing:owl-eorn] Syn. hotsoktuwa. I can’t find my sash with the red zigzags. — Tsaqaptat ang - *yyungqat pew 6ya ’a. Put the ’avatsa. pottery bowls that have zigzag lines over here. H o ts o k v a (postp. -v c(q ), -n ii(q ), -n gaqw ) hotsi-k-ve-'at [zigzag-SGL-mark-3Pl Var. hotsitsn.sg. a spring southwest of Selina Butte, hotsok-va [burrowing;owl-water] ve(*at). hotsikvena(-ya) vi.p. paint in zigzags. Tsaqap­ Hotsokjvi {postp. ~ve(q), -va(qc), -m i(q), —ngaqw) n.sg. a kiva in Oraibi. hotsok-vi (burrowtat dngqe - . She painted zigzags around the ing:owl-NR] pottery bowl, hotsi-k-vena [zigzag-SGL-draw] hot.sikwi n.sg. meat from the back, flesh of the hotsor’angw (hohotsor’angwt; paus. - u ) n. centipede. — nuutsel’ewayningwu. The centipede back. Pay i —sa tuutuya. Only the flesh of my looks frightening. back hurts, hot-sikwi [back-meat] hotsiqman.Jg. face marked with zigzags. Yot.si’e hottutuy Ia(-y a) vi.i. be having back pain. Pam yaw teevep uylawqe oovi - a . He said he was — ’ytangwu. The Apache kachina has his face planting ail day long, that’s why he’s having back marked in zigzags, hotsi-qma [zigzag-facc:paint] hotsitsi(’at) n.sg.poss. zigzag line. Tsaqaptat pains, hot-tutuya [back-be;sick] - ’at naanap hin p e ’yta. The zigzags on the hottuya n.sg. backache, - t hak tuutuye’ kur hak hin yookoltingwu. If your back hurts, you can’t ceramic bowl were carelessly painted. — / ' bend your head down very well, hot-tuya (back-sick­ wunasivu pala — ’yta. This wooden box has red ness] zigzag lines on it. hotsi-tsi-’at lzigzag-RDP-3P] hotsitsi|ta(-tota) vi.i. be zigzagging. Yang kur hotvel’iw It a ( - yungwa) vi.i. be of the Hotevilla kind. Paas - ta , oovi su ’amun y u ’a ’ata. He’s like peqwhaqami tsuu’a -ta . Along here toward that someone from Hotevilla for he talks just like them. way apparently a rattlesnake was zigzagging, hotsihotvel- ’iw-ta [Hotevilla-ST-DUR] -tsi-ta [zigzag-RDP-REP] hotsitsiti|ma (~w isa) vi.i. be zigzagging along, Hotvel I a (acc. - 2cy-, postp. ~pe(q), -p a(q e), ~m o(q), ^ n g a q w ) n.sg. 1. Hotevilla, a village go along in a zigzag line. Yukiqhaqami taaho -m a. A racer snake went zigzagging along this on Third Mdsa. Ephaqam pi naat - a qa haqam. At that time the (village of) Hotevilla was no­ way. hotsi-tsi-t-ima [zigzag-RDP-REP-PROG] hotsitsitinum I a (~ y a ) vi.i. go around in a where. — - a y kwiningyaqw yamakpingaqw (tamyaqw yokva. We were coming from the bridge zigzag line. Ima tsutsu’hdoyam yaw angqe’ -ya. northwest of Hotevilla when it rained. — They say these little rattlesnakes were zigzagging A: Uutupko haqam qdtukyangw mooki? B: - p e ’e. around there, hotsi-tsi-t-inuma [zigzag-RDP-REPA: Where was your younger brother living when -CIRCG] hotsitsitoyna (-ya) vt.i. be making it zigzag. he died? B: In Hotevilla. — - p e g tsuku qdotsaningwu. The Hotevilla clown is painted white. — Nu’ wikpangwat - . I’m making the rope zigzag. Itam -p a g e angqw ninma, qa Tuutukwivaqe. We hotsi-tsi-to-yna [zigzag-RDP-REP-CAUS] came home by way of Hotevilla, not by way of the hotsitsiykina (-ya) vi.p. make zigzag lines Hopi Buttes. — Pang p u ’ yaw pam haawi, - p a . quickly. Ang - ’a. Make zigzag lines on it quick­ Then he descended there, at Hotevilla. — A: Um ly. hotsi-tsi-yk-ina [zigzag-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] hdqe’watni? B: - p a ’a. A: Which way are you hotsitsiyku (~ya) vi.p. start zigzagging. Taaho going to go? B: By way of Hotevilla. — Pam piw tutskwava - . The whipsnake started a fast zigzag­ maqto Orayviy kwiniwiq, son pi qa -m og.w at. ging motion on the ground. — Loloqangw kiihut He’s gone hunting to the northwest of Oraibi, atpipoqhaqami paysoq —. The gopher snake went probably toward Hotevilla. — Itdakiy angqw puma zigzagging off"under the house, hotsi-tsi-yku Izigzag—moya. They went to Hotevilla from our house. -RDP-REP(PF)1 — N u’ -n g a q w kwiniwiq nakwsu. From Hotevilla hotsitsve(’at) n.sg.poss. zigzag design (as light­ I started toward the northwest direction. — Nu’ ning design). Talwiipikit ang - ’at sulawti. The -ngaqo. I’m from Hotevilla. 2. the spring at zigzag design on the lightning wand has faded Hotevilla. Nit pay puma - a y oomi tapkinaya. And away, hotsi-ts-ve-'at [zigzag-RDP-mark-3P] Var. they got as far as above the spring at Hotevilla by hotsikve(’at). late afternoon.------ moq hikwwisa. They went to Hotsitsjvi ipostp. -ve(q ), -va(qe), ~mi(q), the spring at Hotevilla to drink, ho-tvela [juni­ —ngaqw) n.sg. a kiva at Oraibi. Itana hisat —vit per-slope] (The location of Hotevilla village was called hd’atvela bef, -hova) ditch, furrow (a bound form). h o d v a ’iw |m a ( - w i5 a ) vi.i. be becoming a ditch. Muunangw yang tutskwat tutkuqw ang -^ma. When the runoff water is cutting through the land along here it is becoming a ditch, hddva- ’iw-ma [groove-ST-PROG]

h o o v a ’iw j ta (-yungw a) vi.i. be grooved or furrowed. It paakot ang pas a ’ni ~-ta. This cotton­ wood root is very grooved along its length, hddva~’iw~ta [groove-ST-DUR] hddva I lawu ( - lalwa) vi. i. be making a groove, furrow, or ditch. Panis huuhukqe yang it ^lowu. The wind keeps blowing, so it’s making a furrow along here, hddva-lawu [groove-CONT] Cf. hdvalanta (as a volitional act), hddva I ta ( —tota) vi.p. make a groove, furrow, or ditch (as a natural process). Munangwhoya kur yang ^ta . A little runoff water apparently cut a ditch along here, hddva-ta [groove-CAUS] Cf. hdvala (as a volitional act), hddvdl {a ( - y a ) vi.p. get bloated, get indigestion, become uncomfortably full from overeating. Pam sumataq okiw uunovay akw - a . The poor guy clearly got indigestion from your food. — Um qa pas wukondsni; taq um —«/. Don’t eat so much lest you get indigestion. — Um uundsiwqay qa paas piingyangwuniiqe oovi —ngwu. You don’t chew your food thoroughly, that’s why you get indigestion. h d d v d liw |m a (-w is a ) vi.i. be becoming bloated. Pas nu’ hiitakw - m a . I’m really getting indiges­ tion from something, hddvdl-iw-ma [bloaied:stomach-ST-PROG]

h d d v d liw jta (-yungw a) vi.i. be bloated, have indigestion. Tal’angwnasavehakim -yungngwu. In midsummer people suffer from overeating, hddvdl-iw-ta (bIoated:stomach-ST-DUR] h d d v d ld w jta (-yungw a) vi.i. = hoovoliwta. hddvdl-dw-ta [bloated:stomach-ST-DUR] hd d w ila ( -y a ; comb, - n - , -howilan-, hodwiw-) vt.p. 1. undermine by taking away supporting material, erode, take away from underneath, as loose sand under a boulder. Huukyangw i ’uyiy - . The wind eroded the dirt from under my plants. — P u’ asonpavan dngqe ^ q w p u ’ um it owat angqw pdnani. When it has taken more dirt away from underneath it, then you put this rock into it. 2. cut the hair straight across just above the shoulders (a style of hair for men first worn in the early 1890’s, with which a bright folded kerchief was worn as a head band). Um hintiqw nuy - ? Why did you cut my hair straight across above the shoulders? hddwil-a [undermined-CAUS] h o d w ila n |t a ( -t o ta ) vt.i. 1. be undermining, be taking away support from underneath, as with sand from under a boulder; be eroding underneath. P u’ hakiy atpikyaqe tuuwat -'tangwu. Then [someone] would be pushing sand away from underneath you (until you cave in). 2. (met.) be undermining support for a cause or for a person. Toondltiqe tunatyay aw antsatsnaniqw peetu haqawatuy toonavituy tsatsawinayaqepan pumuy -tota. When they formed a group to realize their common goal, some people were using scare tactics against (the efforts oO some members and in that way were undermining them. 3. be bobbing the hair. Naat nu’ itiy -ta . I’m still cutting my child’s hair. hddwil-an-ta [undermined-CAUS-REP] Cf. naahdwilanta, be playing undermining.

hdowil|ti (-toti)

vi.p. 1. get undermined by having supporting material taken away. ItdaJd hin’ur - t i . Our house has had a lot of its support eroded away. 2. get a bobbed haircut. Itdataha kur —ti. Our maternal uncle apparently bobbed his hair, hddwil-ti [undermined-R] hodwiw Ima (-wisa) vi.i. be becoming under­ mined by having supporting material taken away. Itdasipal’uyi lair —ma. Our peach tree is becoming undermined (from the supporting ground dirt being blown away), hddwiw-ma [undermined-PROG] hodwiw Ita(-yungwa) vi.i. 1. be in the state of being undermined, weakened, eroded underneath. Itsilivasa nuwu - ta . My terrace garden for chile is giving way to erosion by now. 2. have a bobbed hair cut, have hair cut straight across. Imana pas wupa’anga’ytat p u ’ pay - ta . My daughter had very long hair; now ^ e has it cut short, hddwiw-ta [undermined-DUR]

hdq- comb, of hooqo. [harvest-] hdqi’aya ( - ’a’yat) n. harvest

hand, one who helps at harvesting, ltda — ’aya pay maangu ’i; oovi suususti. Our harvesting helper got tired, so he slowed down, hdq-’aya [harvest-helper] hdq’aya’y | ta ( -yungwa) vi.i. have a harvesting party, a harvesting bee. N u’ qaavo —tani. Tomor­ row I’ll have a harvesting bee. hdq-’aya-’y-ta [harvest-helper-POSS-DUR]

hdqma

( —ya) vi.p. have been to harvest, return from harvesting, —yaqat ep tavoknen a ’ni yokva. On the day before the day they returned from harvesting, it rained hard, hdq-ma [harvest-POSTG] hdqmongvas’iwjma (-w isa ) vi.i. be getting through harvesting. Hak sakine’ pay —m a q w p u ’ iyoho'tingwu. If one is lucky, he’s getting his harvesting done before it gets cold, hdq-mongvas- ’iw-ma [harvest-benefit-ST-PROG] hdqjna’ya (-nana*ya) n. harvesting party. —na’yat engem Iddqmuy kanelninaya. They butch­ ered two sheep for the harvesting party, hdq-na’ya [harvest-work:bee]

hdqni

n.sg. harvested corn crop. Hak —y kiy likye ’pdngalaqw pu ’pam pas paas lakqw p u ’ hak tangate ’pu ’ tuu ’oyngwu. You pile your harvested com outside your house, then when it has dried hdqni thoroughly, you take it in and stack it. hdq-ni [harvest-NR] -hdq|d( —ya) vi./vt.p. comb, of hooqo. [-harvest] hdqsopkyawma vt.i.p/. go on a corn-harvesting work party in ]arge numbers. Qa hisat p u ’ hakiy engem —. They haven’t gone on a massive cornharvesting party for anyone lately, hdq-sopkyaw-ma [harvest-communal:harvest-PROG]

hdq 1to ( —.wisa) vi.i.

go to harvest (corn). Puma pasmi —.wisqw pay yokva. When they went to harvest in the field it rained. — Inungem —.wisni; niikyangw sopkyawmani. They will go harvest for me, but they will go (in the manner of) a commu­ nal harvest, hdq-to [harvest-PREG] hdqw See hooqo. hd(q)-qw [harvcst-SUBR(DS)] hdqya vi./vt.p. pi. of hooqo. hdq-ya [harvesi-PL] hdqyuku(—ya) vi./vt.p. finish the harvest. N u’ pay sakwaput.sa naat - . I finished harvesting only the blue corn so far. — A: Hiita ep um kwusuniqey wuuwanta? B: Pay ason sdosoyam - y a q w ’d. A: At what time were you thinking to have the wedding? B: When all are through harvesting. hdq-yuku [harvest-make/finish] hdta ( —ya; comb, hotaa-, hots-, -yta, -yts-) vi.postp.p.sg.obj. 1. open, open up. Pam inungem

hotaa~ . She Opened [the door] for me. — Muunangw put pang pan —; pddvata. The runoff water cut that open along there; it made a wash. 2. (with non-extr.des.) open [a door] to the inside of a structure, or into a room that is not the innermost room. Pam inumi - . He opened the door to me (where I am inside and he’s outside, or we’re both inside but in different, non-innermost rooms). — Inungem aw hota’a. Open the [door] for me (to a non-innermost room that we’re not in, or to the inside, if we’re both outside). 3. (with extr.des.) open [a door] to the outside or to the extreme room (innermost room). Pam inumiq —. She opened [the door] to where I am (outside; she’s inside). — N u’ sus’dapaveqpakiwtaqwpam inumiq - . When I was in the innermost room, she opened [the door] to where I was. — Pam kiy kwiniwiwat —, dapamiqa. He opened [the door] into the inner room on the northwest side of his house. — Panaptsamiq —. She opened the win­ dow. — Inungem aqw hota 'a. Open it [the door] for me (where we’re both in the front room and 1 want her to open the extreme doors, either the front door or the door to the farthest room). — Inungem iipoq —. She opened [the door] for me to the outside (we were both inside). — Pam hdtsiwmiq suytaqw pay qa hak haqam. When she opened the door quickly (to the outside), no one was there. 4. (with extr.des.) open a container of any type. Inungem sikwitngat aqw - *a. Open the can of meat for me. — Put oovi ponomiq hdtdaqe angqw siihuyat sdosok tsaama. So he opened its stomach and took out all of its intestines. — Koysdmiq —ya. They opened the pit oven. — Kur iidanitkyay aqw pdvdyam -y a . Apparently the mice got into our bag lunch. — Ongavat kwiivi’ytaqe aqw - q w kwangwahovakdyti. When she opened (took the lid o ^ the pot of bean soup, it smelled great. Cf. i. hoota; pl.obj. hot^ata. h o ta a - comb, of hota. [open-] hotaapin.s^g. key (for securing), or other opener. - t wukotanga’yta. He kept a lot of keys in a container. — Pas n u ’ —t son qa posnangwu. I’m always losing keys, hdtda-pi [open-INSTR] hot^api|yungyapu(.sg. only or -yuyngyapu) n. wicker plaque with a design reminiscent of a skeleton key. -yungyapu pay piwpas sdniwngwu. The hdtdapi plaque is also very attractive, hdtdapi-yungyapu [key-wicker:plaque] hotaajta (-to ta ) vi.dif.p.pl.obj. open. Pay pam panaptsava —ta. He opened the windows. — Peetu tukput ang —tota. Some of them opened up the sacks. — Qddqdqldm kivdapa —totangwu. The Qdoqoqlo kachinas open up the kivas (symbolically during the Soyal ceremony), hdtda-ta [open-DISTR] Cf. sg.obj. hota. hot^atijina (-w is a ) vi.postp.i.pl.obj. go along opening. Pam ndqkwiptangay ang - m a . She’s going along opening up the cans of stew (to expose or take contents). — Itdaponomiq -w isa. They came along opening up (“into”) our stomachs (in the hospital). — Hakim Idldqangwye’ kiinawit —wiskydakyangw ang yungtiwisngwu. When we play bullsnake (a game), we go along opening up (doors of) houses and going in and through them. hdtda-t-ima [open-DISTR-PROG] hotaatinum | a( - ya) vi.postp. i.pl. obj. go around opening. Hak nukpananiiqe kiinawit —a. Some wrongdoer is going around breaking into houses. hdtda-t-inuma [open-DISTR-CIRCG] hota Ilawu( - lalwa) vi.dif.i.pl.obj. keep opening. N u’ sikwitngat ang -la w u . I’m opening cans of meat, hdta-lawu [open-CONT] hotama ( - y a ) vi.postp.p.sg.obj. have been to open. N u’ naat p u ’ tumtsokkive - . I’ve just

111

hotsiwyungqa

returned from opening up the piki house. — Nu’ hotsikwilatotsi n.sg. boots, - t hak tootsi’y te' Pangwuveq koysdt aqw - . I have been to open up pas hak pavan sinoningwu. If a person has boots the earthen pit oven at No Trail Mesa, hdta-ma for shoes, he’s someone important, hdtsi-kwila-totsi [open-POSTG] [opening-take:step-shoe] Syn. hdtsitotsi. hota I to (-w is a ) vi.des./vt.i. go to open. Pay hotsil|ti ( - t o t i ; comb. -ytMl|ti) vi.p. become suukya Qddqdqld haqamiwat kivami -tongwu. open. Aqw - t e ’ uumi siwukni. If it (sandbag) Only one Qdoqoqlo kachina goes to one of the opens, it will pour out on you. — Hdtsiwmiq kivas to open it (symbolically for the coming siiytsUtiqw angqaqw hin’ur hukva. When the door kachina season). — Nu’ tumvoksit - to . I’m going suddenly opened, the wind came blowing hard to open up the piki house chimney, hdta-to [open(inside). — Pas it u ’utspi’at kur huur’iwtaqe qa -PREG] - t i . I guess the lid on this is so tight it didn’t hotatuwan | ta( -tota) vi.postp.p. 1. try to open. open, hdts-il-ti [open-PASS-R] Pay itam as itdasoy kiiyat aw —totaqw pas qa hotsiqalawngwa n.sg. d o o r_ hdtsilti. We have tried to open our grandmother’s frame. —pi pay wunavutsit pas house but it wouldn’t open. 2. check to see if angqw yukiwtangwu. A door open. Nu’ itdatahamuy kiiyamuy ang -ta q w frame is made from boards most 'Tc sdosoy k o ’oltsiwyungwa. I checked the homes of of the time, hdtsi-qalawngwa ^ my maternal uncles but all were locked, hdta[opening-bOTder] -tuwan-ta [open-try-CAUS] hotsi Ita ( - t o t a ) vi.p. deepen, ^ hots- comb, of hota. [open-] make a hole or opening deeper. hotsi (hMtsi; comb, -ytsi, -tsi) n. 1. opening, Hak mowa’iwput aqw p ite’ put hotsiqalawngwa open space, gap. Hiisaq aqw - . There’s a small hihin dapiy - t a t p u ’ aqw uy­ opening into it. — Qa pavan - . The opening is ngwu. When you get to the moist soil, then dig a not enough. — Pay kiimi - . [The door] is open little deeper from there, and then plant, hdtsi-ta [opening-CAUS] into the house. — Pay hisattihut maayamuy dngqe qa hdtsiningwu. There’s no open (cut-out) space hotsitotsi n.sg. boots. Kawaymuy akw yaktaqam between the arms and the body of the old-style pas - t.s a totskydakyangw kawaymuy akw yaktakachina doll. — Pitkunte’p u ’ pay piw soq suyvoqngwu. Those who travel by horseback wear only .wat —tpitkuntangwu. When he puts on the kilt he boots while riding horses, hdtsi-totsi [opening-shoe] leaves the opening on the left side instead (of on Syn. hotsikwilatotsi. the customary right side). — Totolospit ep suukya hotsiw- comb, of hotsiwa. [opening-] kuutsiltiqw p u ’ suukya oomiq.wat hdtsiniqw p u ’ hotsiwja (postp. -p e (q ), -p a (q e ), -m i(q ), pam pay qa hlmuningwu. In the totolospi game —ngaqw) n.sg. doorway or gate­ when one [half bamboo piece] is face down and way, entrance. Nu’ —at ang owat the other is open-side up, then it is [said to] be tuuva. I threw a stone through the < nothing (no points). — Qa pas hin’ur kuuyit doorway. — Itdaki nukus—a ’yta; qa - ’yta. He didn’t have the water [faucet] open huur uutsiltingwu. Our house has a .fi|| (turned on) too much. — Nu’ naanangumo hodtsit bad doorway; it doesn’t shut tightly. k i’ytaqepaysoq awpakitpay ayoq.wat piw ydmak— Qa pas - p e wunuwta’a. Don’t tongwu. Since I have a house with inner rooms stand right at the doorway.------ peq \ opening into each other I can just walk in and uunitkya qaatsi. Your journey food walk through to the other side (and out). 2. s.th. is right by the doorway.------ pa um deep; {neg. or with minimizing adj.) s.th. shallow. pdkini. Come in through the door«««■"* Ya hin i ’ qdld — ? How deep is this hole? — A ’ni way. — Um pay qa pas oomiq yaymakt pay - miq muuna - . The runoff water is running deep. — ydmakni. Don’t go out by climbing to the top Pas hin’ur nuva - . The snow is very deep. — (hatchway), just go out the doorway (in the kiva). A ’ni —t qdldta. He dug a deep hole. — Hin hak — Ya hak -ngaqw kuyta? Who’s looking in from —t aqw uyngwu? How deep does one plant? — the doorway? — Hak taaqa -ngaqw wunuwta. M i’ yungyapsisivu hin’ur hootsi. Those wicker Some man is standing inside the doorway, hdts-iwa baskets are deep. — Um son peqw momorni; qq [open-ABSTR] - . You can swim in here; it’s not deep. — Pay hotsiw Ihoya (-h d o y a ) n. little doorway. Aw kur htisavo - . It’s shallow (it’s short in depth). taynuma, -h o ya t awi’. He kept looking at it, at hdts-i [open-NR] Cf. qdld 1, hole. the little doorway. — Kiikiqdt ang -h d o y a ’yhdtsi’y |m a (-wisa) vt.i. 1. go along with obj. yungwa. They have little doorways in (prehistoric) open. l a . (spitiil) Itam nqakwdytoqe itdandqkwiviy ruins, hdtsiw-hoya [q>ening-DIM] aqw - m a . When we were taking the food gifts hotsiw Ima (-w is a ) vi.i. be coming open. Piw elsewhere, we went along with an open pot of pay -m a ; aqw uutda’. It’s coming open again; hominy stew. lb . (temp.) go along through time close it. hdts-iw-ma [open-PASS-PROG] keeping it open. Um inungem -m ani; n u ’ ungk hotsiwpu adj.sg. opened. Pep piikuyit aqw ydmakio. Leave it (the door) open for me; I’m qaatsi. There’s an opened can of milk there, hdtsgoing out. 2. be about to have obj. opened. N u’ -iw-pu [open-PASS-RSLT] Cf. pi. hotsiwyungqa. p u ’ hdtsiwat -m a q w oongahaqaqw himu pdosi. Just as I was opening the door, something fell hotsiw Ita (-y u n g w a) vi.i. be open. Panaptsa —taqw nu ’ ang owat tuuva. When the window was from above, hdtsi-’y-ma [opening-POSS-PROG] hotsii|ti (-toti) vi.p. 1. become a hole or open­ open, I threw a stone through it. — lits pay huuydnki -yungwa. The stores are open early. — ing. TUukwat ep tsdqa’payat sdosok enang munMomoymuy pdlavikidyamuy oongaqw aqw - y u ­ vaqw pay ang - t i. When the runoff water washed ngwa. The outdoor (igloo-shaped) bread ovens are away the mortar of the rock wall, a hole developed open (have openings) from the top. hdts-iw-ta through it. 2. get deep(er). P u’ hapi pavan - t i. [open-PASS-DUR] Now it has gotten deeper. — Nu ’ tsdqdmnit engem hotsiwyungqa od/p/. opened. N u’ tawiyat paas qdldtimaqe itamdy aw pUuniqat pdasavo - tiqw pu ’ aqw - t oyi’yta. I have gourds that are already piw sutsvoningwu. When I was digging holes for opened stored away, hdts-iw-yung-qa [open-PASSfence posts, when one would get as deep as my knee I’d go on to the next one. hdtsii-ti [opening-R] -DUR(PL)-REL] Cf. sg. hotsiwpu. (A sg. usage hdtsiwtaqa is possible, but it is not as common as Syn. 2. hd’iiti. hot^wpu.)

hovahova-, -hova/i.j^.

comb, of h66va-.pfl~ , man­ made ditch, irrigation ditch, [-groove] hovakni n.sg. the groove between the cheeks of the buttocks. U u - iiukwasay kydatsanta. Your dress is stuck in the groove of your bottom. — - y a t dngqe pitkuna ’at tsurukiwta. His breechclout was clinging into the groove between the cheeks of his buttocks, hova-k-ni [groove-SGL-NR] hovala (~ y a ) vi.p. make a groove, shallow ditch, or elongated notch (as a volitional act). Hak riydnpilawe ’ pay sunasavehaqam dngqe dasupoq -ngw u. When you’re making a spinning top you make a groove all around it at the midpoint. — Naalokye’ He made four (shallow) ditches side by side. hova-l~a [groove-ST-CAUS] Cf. hoovata (as a natural process). hdvalan|ta ( - t o t a ) vi.i. be making a ditch or groove (as a volitional act). Muunangwuy engem paasay ep naanan’ivoq - ta . He’s making ditches for the runoflf water in his field in all directions (to spread it), hdva-l-an-ta [groove-ST-CAUS-REP] Cf. hodvalawu (as a natural process), hovala I ta (~ to ta ) vi.p.distr. make several grooves or ditches. Pam rukunpit ang '-ta. He made notches on the rasping stick, hova-l-a-ta [groove-ST-CAUS-DISTR]

hdvMjti ( - to ti)

hu’wantoyni’yma

112 phonological template: A Hopi noun, in citation form, must have at least two syllables. (Note that monosyllabic nouns, like may, his / her own hand(s), tiy, his / her own child, do not occur as citation forms; they only occur within sentences.) kwaa—, golden eagle — paa —, water in nature — kii - , house — w i - , fat — po - , road — soo - , star — ho—, Juniper — hoo —, arrow. Var. -ho (after roots in -o- that do not begin with a frica­ tive: koho, wood, mooho, narrow-leafed yucca). h u ’i’i j t a (~ to ta ) vi.i. 1. be hiccuping, have hiccups. Nu‘ taavok wuuyavo —ta. I had hiccups for a long time yesterday. 2. be sobbing as an aftereffect, as of a child who has been crying hard. Tiy p a k’dynaqw okiw - ta . When she let her child cry for a long time, the poor thing was gasping. hu’i- ’i-ta [sob-RDP-REP] h u ’i ’i y k i n a ( - y a ) vt.p. cause to start hiccuping. Hin ’ur suusungwat kuuyit hikqw pam put - . When he drank ice cold water it made him start hiccup­ ing. hu’i- ’i-yk-ina [sob-RDP-REP(PF)-CAUS] h u ’i ’i y k u ( —ya) vi.p. 1. start to hiccup. Naat nu’ ikaphey hiihikwkyangw - . I started to hiccup while 1 was still drinking my coffee. 2. start to sob (as with short sobbing breaths). Teevep pakmumuyqe pay nuwu —. She was crying for so long she started to take in short sobbing breaths, hu ’i- ’i-yku

vi.p. get grooved, for a ditch to {sob-RDP-REP(PF)] form. Ivasay aw munvaqw pay sunasavahaqe pas a ’ni ~fi. Apparently the runoff water came into h u ’i k n a ( —ya) vt.p. cause to hiccup, gasp. Pas tsiili nuy - . The chile made me hiccup. — Pas my field and through about the middle of it; a pretty deep ditch has formed, hdvd-l-ti [groove-ST-R] nu’ ung —. I really made you gasp, h u ’i-k-na [sob-SGL-CAUS] hovawpu /i.jg. gully, ditch. It um - t dnawitni. h u ’i m |t i ( - t o t i ) vf.p. 1. give a quick hiccup./*fly Go along this gully, hovd-w-pu [groove-ST-RSLTl suus - t i t pay q e ’ti. He gave one hiccup, then h o v a w I t a ( ~ yungwa) vi.i. be grooved, indented stopped. 2. give a sob. Pakqe’tiqe naat ep yanin a long line. Niikyangw p u ’ riydnpi sunasava­ kyangwpu’ - t i . When she stopped crying she was haqe ’ ang aqwhaqami ~ kyangw pu ’ aqw atkyamiqstill for a while then gave an aftersob. hu’i-m-ti .wat tsuku’ytangwu. But the top is grooved all [sob-AUG-R] around its midpart and then toward the bottom end h u ’isv e v e | t a ( —tota) vi. i. 1. be hiccuping rapidly it is pointed. — Lestavit —taqat kanelmuy engem and repetitively. A: Ya um hintiqe oovi pep okiw aqw kuukuyaya. They’re putting water into the -ta ? B: N u’ tsdngmokiwtaqe oovi —ta. A: What grooved log for the sheep, hova-w-ta [groove-ST- happened to you so that you are hiccuping repeti­ -DURJ tively there, poor thing? B: I’m hungry, that’s why h o w |i (~ iit) n. dove, mourning dove, white­ 1 keep hiccuping. — A ’ni suusungwat hikwqe —ta. winged dove, - l i t kyasta. Doves are plentiful. When she had an ice cold drink, she was hiccuping H o w iip a (postp. ~ve(q), ~m i(q), -ngaqw ) rapidly. 2. be gasping after sobbing. / ’ tsayhoya n.sg. Dove Spring, a spring south of Bacavi. kur haqam teevep pakmumuya; oovi - ta . This howii-pa [dove-water] child has apparently been sobbing somewhere for -howilan- comb, of hodwila. [-undermine-] quite a while because he’s gasping, hu’i-sve-ve-ta howimaqniini Ia ( '^ ya) vn.i. be hunting around [sob-INTNS-RDP-REP] for doves. Itam leqlova -yangwu. We used to go H u ’k a t s i n j a ('-■am; acc.pl. ~muy) n. any of several whipper/warrior kachinas. hu’-katsina around hunting doves around Indian millet grass [hu’-kachina] stands, howi-maq-numa [dove-hunt-ClRCG] hoykiI lawu ( - lalwa) vi.i. be growling. Tooki - h u ’u(co/nZ>. -)xa?-) adj.sjx. an “empty” adjectival suffix used with roots of the shape VCV, with the itdapooko hiita aw —lawu. Last night our dog was final vowel -u. This suffix seems to be empty of growling at something, hoyk-i-lawu [growl-NR-CONT] hoyki|ma (~wisa) vi.i. go along growling, any meaning, just being used to fill out a phono­ logical template: A VCV adjective root may be making threatening sounds. Uti, yaw hoonaw used in isolation only as an exclamation; otherwise —ma. How fearsome, the bear was going along it must have -hV ’V. u ts u -, sandy, dusty (cf. utsu, growling, hbyk-ima [growl-PROG] of surprise or irritation at blowing hdykinum|a (~ya) vi.i. go around growling. exclamation sand or dust) — utu—, hot (re weather) (cf. utu, H'mtiqw pi itdapoko yang —a. I don’t know why utu, [it’s] hot!) — u r u - , precarious, perilous, re our dog is going around here growling, hbyk-inuma s.th. that may bring on fear of falling (cf. uru, ex­ [growl-ClRCG] used when one is in a precipitous situa­ hoyki|ta(--tota) vi.i. l. be growling or roaring clamation tion, and about to fall) Cf. -ha’a, -he’e, -hi’i, repeatedly. Popkot hiita aw —tota. The dogs keep -ho’o. growling at something. 2. be threatening with h u ’w a ( '- y a ; comb, hu’wan-) vi./vt.p. consent to, words. Uti, umsutsep himu —ta. My gosh, you’re agree to, affirm, answer, reply, respond. (This always growling, hoyk-i-ta [growl-(?)-REP] word is for the most part interchangeable with hoyku ( ~ ya) vi.p. make a loud threatening sound hu’wana, but for some speakers the latter may be such as a growl or roar. Umduvoko inumi —. used in the context of providing a more direct Your dog growled at me. response to a request.) A: Ya um pay put qa - ? - h u (anim. -tu) an “empty” noun suffix, used with B: Qa’e. A: Didn’t you agree to it? B: No. — monosyllabic roots. This suffix seems to be empty A: Um qaavo piw tumala’ytani? B: Pay nu' - . of any meaning, just being used to fill out a

A: Are you going to work again tomorrow? B: I agreed to. — Pay - , itamuy angqw pewyaniqata. He’s consented to have us come here. — Puma paas aw naa - y a . They each gave their agreement to her. hu’wan- comb, of hu’wa. [assentito-] hu’wana (~ya) vi./vt.p. 1. answer, reply, re­ spond. Naat qa lavayyukuqw pay piw sd —ngwu. She would not finish talking before he would answer her right away. 2. give consent or permis­ sion. A: Um qaavo piw tumala ’ytani? B: Ow(, pay inumi tuuvingtaqw n u ’ —. A: Are you going to work again tomorrow? B: Yes, he asked me and I replied yes. — Noqw pas yaw peep qa —. But he almost didn’t give him his permission. — Pay kur um put —; nit nuy qa a a ’awna. Apparently you gave him your consent, and didn’t tell me about it. hu’wan-a [assent:to-CAUS] hu’wani n.sg. permission, consent, —t makiwa. He got permission. — Qa sdosokmuy —yamuy akw pay piw aw hintsatskya. They’re doing something with it without the consent of all of them, hu ’wan-i [assent:to-NR] hu’wanil I ti ( —toti) vi.p. get approved, granted. Itunatya — ti. My plan was approved, h u ’wan-il-ti [assent: to-PASS-R]

hu’waniwja ( —ya) vi.p. be given approval, permission. Ow(, pay pam - a . Yes, that has been approved. — Itam —yaqe angqwya. We came by having been given permission, hu 'wan-iwa [assent: to-PASS]

hu’waniwjta (-y u n g w a) vi.i. have permission granted. Itam yep kiitotaniqw pay pam paas — ta . We have complete permission to build a house here, h u ’wan-iw-ta [assent:to-PASS-DUR] hu’wan I ma ( —wisa) vt.i. go along approving, giving permission. Mdngwisa it hiita - m a . Only the chief gives permission (as things come to him for approval), h u ’wan-ma [assent:io-PROG] Var. huV antim a. hu’wannum|a(—ya) vt.i. go around approving. Angqe hiihiita — a . He’s going around approving many things, h u ’wan-numa [assent:to-CIRCG] Var. hu’wantinuma. hu’wan{ta(—tota) vt.i. be consenting to, agree­ ing to, giving permission, answering, replying. Teevep pam nuy — ta . All day long he kept an­ swering me. hu’wan-ta [assent:to-REP] hu’wanti|m a(—wisa) vt.i. go along approving. Um pay angqaqw hiita —makyangw qa naawakna. You’ve been giving approval to things since long ago but (now) you’re not admitting it. h u ’wan-t-ima [assent:to-REP-PRCXj] Var. hu’wanma. hu’wantinum|a ( —ya) vt.i. = huV annum a. hu ’wan-t-inuma [asscnt:to-REP-C!RCG] hu’wantoyna ( —ya) vt.i. be responding to, saying yes, answering (while listening to an ac­ count of s.th.). A: Um tooki aw tuutuwutsi? B: Owl. A: Noqw ung - ? B: Owl, pay nuy —. A: Did you tell her stories last night? B: Yes. A: Was she responding to you? B: Yes, she was responding to me. — Um hapi ason put So'yokot it tiyot engem —ni, aw hingqdwqo. You must answer the So’yoko kachina for this young man when he says something to him. — N u’ q e’ti; qa hak nuy —. I quit; nobody will answer me. — Hak tuutuwutsqw hakiy sutsep -yangwu. When one is telling a story they are [supposed to] always be responding, h u ’wan-to-yna [assem:to-REP-CAUS] hu’wantoyni’y I ma (~w isa) vt.i. go along answering. N u’ pangqw put aw hiita inungem hintiniqat tutaptimaqw nuy —ma. When I was coming from there telling him what to do for me, he came along answering me that he would. hu ’wan-to-yn-i- ’y-ma [asscnt:to-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-

hu’wantoyni’ynuma

113

-PROG]

hu’wantoyni’ynuin|a(--ya)

vi.i. go around assenting. Um hiihiita ~a. You go around giving consent to all kinds of things, hu'wan-to-yn-i-'y-numa [assent:to-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-CIRCG] hu’wantoyni’y I ta(-yungwa) vt.i. be respond­ ing favorably to. Put - ta . He was responding favorably to her. hu'wan-to-yn-i-'y-ta ]asseni:to-REP-CAUS-NR-POSS-DUR]

hu’wawa (-m)

n. one who is quick to agree, usu. to please; yes-man. Pas um himu - ; hakiy qa aw hiita maqaptsitat piw pay sunakwhangwu. You’re such a yes-man; you never ask my advice before giving such a quick consent, h u ’wa-wa

1

h u h u w p in .jg. device for trapping, an unset trap, clamp steel trap. Hak - 1 akw huuwe' p u ' put pay su 'ova 'am amngwu. When one sets up a trap with a clamp trap, one covers it lightly in the ground, hu-huw-pi [RDP-trap-INSTR] Cf. buuwi, a set trap, tsaqami, rock and stick (deadfall) trap, wivosi, stick and horsehair bird trap. Cf. i s - , p d s-, m uy~, H u h u w I ta w i ( - tatawi) n. song of the Huuhuwa kachina(s). Nu’ -ta w it wuuhaq taawi’yta. I know a lot of Huuhuwa kachina songs, huhuw-tawi (Huuhuwa-song]

(-)h u k - comb, of huukyangw. [(-)wind-) h u k ’o ’o m a w t n.pl. fast-moving clouds, clouds [assent: to-RDP] moving quickly along in the jet stream. Piw pay — hu’wawa|ta (-to ta ) vt.i. be agreeing to every­ angqwya. The fast-moving clouds are again coming thing in an attempt to please. Puma hiita su -to ta . from there, huk-’o-'omaw-t [wind-RDP-cloud-NSG] They are quickly agreeing to things. — Uma hiita H u k ’o | v i {comb, -p -) n.sg. 1. (.yg.) (postp. -ta n i; Pahaana umumi hin naawaknaqw uma -v e(q ), ~va(qe), ~m i(q), -ngaqw ) a prehis­ suunanakwhamantani. You will keep on assenting toric village on Third Mesa, now uninhabited. Ima when the Anglo wants you to do something, you —ve sinom pay yaw as mdotiniqw qa pas aw hin will consent quickly, h u ’wa-wa-ta [assem:to-RDP- wuuwaya, pan Idostaqw. The Huk’ovi people at -REP] first didn’t think anything of it when this thing did hu’wawayku(-ya) vi.p. quickly start to answer it the second time. — Hiitu pi hakim -psinom. I in the affirmative. Puma n a a - . They quickly don’t know who the people were who were from started to answer each other affirmatively, h u ’waHuk’ovi. — Yaw -p tiyo Pivanhonkyapmanat -wd-yku [consent:to-RDP-REP(PF)l naawakna. They say the boy from Huk’ovi desired huhuk- comb, of huuhukya. [be:windy-] the girl from Pivanhonkyapi. 2. ( - t ) inhabitant of huhukhoy |a(-ya) vi.p. get blown away by the Huk’ovi. Ima - t yaw pas naaldq ydasangwuy ang qa yoknaya. These people of Huk’ovi did not wind. Tuuwa - a . The sand got blown away by receive rain for four years. — Yaw —tuy warik’athe wind. — Hak qa -ngw u. Don’t blow away. ya 'am kuktorikqe kur hin nuutum wdrikni. The best — Iwunasivu soosoypuydmtitpu’sdosoy —ya. My runner for Huk’ovi village sprained his ankle and boxes all got torn apart and all got blown away. could not compete with the others, huk-’o-vi [windhuhuk-hoya [be:windy-blow:away] huhukhoyin I ta (-yungwa) vt.i. be blowing -up-NR] away. Nu’ itdakiy iikyaqe sipdltsokit ndapiyat -ta . h u k ’u ’tayavn.i.p/. (ritual language) be closing in the wind, huk-’u -’ta-ya [wind-RDP-close-PL] I’m blowing away the leaves of the peach tree around the outside of our house, huhuk-hoy-in-ta h u k la k I i ( - ,ya) vi.p. get dried out by the wind. [be:windy-blow:away-CAUS-REP] Hak uuyiy qa waydngtoynaqw hakiy uuyi’at - i . huhukhoyiw [ ma( - wisa) V I. i. be getting carried Someone didn’t put up windbreaks for his plants, so his plants got dried out from the wind. — off by the wind. Isilaqvu -m a ; naapas panis Itda’uyi - .y a . Our crops got dried out by the huuhukya. My cornhusk food-wrapping is being wind, huk-laki [wind-dry] blown away, no thanks to the wind that keeps blowing, huhuk-hoy-iw-ma [be:windy-blow:away-PASS- h u k la k iw jta (-yungw a) vi.i. be dried out by -PROG] wind. Huk.yevantaqat ep peehu mori’uyi oovi h u h u k h o y iw jta ( - y u n g w a ) vi.i. be carried off —yungwa. That’s why some of the bean plants are by the wind, gone with the wind. Imbtsikyapvadried out where the wind hits (regularly), hukngalni pay piw —ta. My trash pile has been -lak-iw-ta [wind-dry-ST-DUR] carried off by the wind again, huhuk-hoy-iw-ta [be: h u k m u y a w (paus. - u ) n.sg. windy month, a windy-blow:away-PASS-DUR] month in which the winds blow. P u’pas - qaatsi. h u h u k h o y n a ( - y a ) vt.p. blow away. Uuwingwuy Now the new moon is the windy month. — peqwwat ahoy - . It caused the fire to blow back Kwakwhd, - sulawti. Thank goodness, the windy this way. — Huukyangw pas sdosok tuuwat haqami month has gone, huk-muyaw [wind-moon] - . The wind blew away all the sand somewhere. h u k n a y a vi.p.pi. have a windstorm. Puma yaw huhuk-hoy-na [be:windy-blow:away-CAUS] a ’ni - . It is said that they had a hard windstorm. h iih iik h n y ti | m a ( - wisa) vi.i. be carried along huk-na-ya [wind-CAUS-PL] by the wind. Pas n u ’ angqw -m a. I was coming h u k ta lo n g n i’y y u n g l w a vi.i.p/. be having a along (as iO carried by the wind from there. windy day. Itam qa qatsi’yyungwa; itam -w a . huhuk-hoy-t-ima [be:windy-blow:away-REP-PROG] We’re not having a cheery day; we’re having a h u h u k h o y t i m i m | a ( - y a ) vi.i. be blown around windy day. huk-taldng-ni-’y-yungwa [wind-daytimeby the wind. Himu iipahaq -a ? What is being -NR-POSS-DUR(PL)] blown around somewhere outside? huhuk-hoy-t- h u k t s i r |o ( - 6 o t ) n. horned lark. Yepeq tumpaq -inuma [be:windy-blow:away-REP-CIRCG] —o tsofdwta. There’s a horned lark perched here -huhuk I ya vi.i.sg. comb, of huuhukya. [-be: at the edge of the cliff, huk-tsiro [wind-bird] windy] h u k ts iw ja ( - y a ) vi.p. be swept clear by the huhunukj lawu(-lalwa) vi.i. keep eating like a wind, windswept. Ivasa paas —a. My field has glutton, overeating, stuffing oneself. Pas n u ’ himu been thoroughly blown clear of sand. — Sutsep —lawu. I’m such a glutton. — Pas n u ’ -Idw qe huuhukqe sohovit atpik - q w susmataq sohopnga oovi qa iits angqw. I just kept stuffing myself; kuuyungwa. Since the wind blows all the time it that’s the reason I came late, hu-hunuk-lawu [RDPhas blown away the soil under the cottonwood tree -glutton-CONT] and the cottonwood roots are clearly visible. huhunuktn. gluttons, pi. of hunukya. hu-hunuk-t huk-tsiwa [wind-brush:ofr] [RDP-glutlon-NSG] h u k ts iw iw jta (-yungw a) vi.i. be windswept. huhuruwya adj. a little hard; pi. of huruwya. Ivasa paas - ta . My field is thoroughly windswept. hu-huru-wya [RDP-solid-DIM]

hukyani’yta huk-tsiw-iw-ta [wind-brush:off-ST-DUR]

huktsiwna (-ya) vt.p. blow sand off of. Ivasay huukyangw —qw oovi pas qale’iwta. Because the wind blew my field clean, it is hard on the sur­ face. — Pep tsomot —. The wind blew that hill (of sand) away, huk-tsiw-na [wind-brush:off-CAUS] huktsiwpua