Fundamentals Of Fire Fighter Skills And Hazardous Materials Response [4 ed.] 1284151336, 9781284151336

Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Skill Drills
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1 Fire Fighter I
CHAPTER 1 The Fire Service
Introduction
Fire Fighter Guidelines
The Mission of the Fire Service
The Culture of the Fire Service
Fire Fighter Qualifications
Age Requirements
Education Requirements
Medical Requirements
Physical Fitness Requirements
Emergency Medical Care Requirements
Testing and Interview Requirements
Roles and Responsibilities of Fire Fighter I and Fire Fighter II
Roles and Responsibilities for Fire Fighter I
Roles and Responsibilities for Fire Fighter II
Roles Within the Fire Department
General Roles
Specialized Response Roles
Working Within the Community
Educating the Public about the Risks
Working with Other Organizations
Fire Department Governance
The Organization of the Fire Service
Company Types and Apparatus
Other Views of Fire Service Organization
Chain of Command
Source of Authority
Basic Principles of Organization
The History of the Fire Service
The American Fire Service
Building Codes
Training and Education
Fire Equipment
Communications
Paying for Fire Service
Fire Service in the United States Today
CHAPTER 2 Fire Fighter Health and Safety
Introduction
Causes of Fire Fighter Deaths and Injuries
Reducing Fire Fighter Deaths and Injuries
Regulations, Standards, and Procedures
Personnel
Training
Equipment
Personal Health and Well-Being
Physical Fitness
Nutrition
Sleep
Heart Disease
Cancer
Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drugs
Counseling and Critical Incident Stress Management
Employee Assistance Programs
Safety During Training
Safety During the Emergency Response
Alarm Receipt
Riding the Apparatus
Traffic Safety on the Scene
Safe Driving Practices
Laws and Regulations Governing Emergency Vehicle Operation
Standard Operating Procedures for Personal Vehicles
Vehicle Collision Prevention
The Importance of Vehicle Maintenance
Safety at the Incident
Teamwork
Personnel Accountability
Scene Hazards
Utilities
Lifting and Moving
Adverse Weather Conditions
Rehabilitation
Violence
Safety at the Fire Station
Safety Outside Your Workplace
CHAPTER 3 Personal Protective Equipment
Introduction
Personal Protective Equipment
Work Clothing
Structural Firefighting Ensemble
Donning Personal Protective Clothing
Doffing Personal Protective Clothing
Inspection and Maintenance of PPE
Specialized Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Hazards of Fires
Other Toxic Environments
Conditions That Require Respiratory Protection
Types of Breathing Apparatus
Standards and Regulations
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Components of SCBA
Pathway of Air Through an SCBA
Donning an SCBA
Donning the Face Piece
Safety Precautions for SCBA
SCBA Use During Emergency Operations
Doffing an SCBA
Putting It All Together: Donning the Entire PPE Ensemble
SCBA Inspection and Maintenance
Operational Testing
Replacing SCBA Cylinders
Replacing an SCBA Cylinder on Another Fire Fighter
Refilling SCBA Cylinders
Cleaning and Sanitizing SCBA
CHAPTER 4 Fire Service Communications
Introduction
The Communications Center
Telecommunicators
Communications Facility Center Requirements
Communications Center Equipment
Communications Center Operations
Call Receipt
Location Validation
Call Classification and Prioritization
Unit Selection
Dispatch
Operational Support and Coordination
Status Tracking and Deployment Management
Taking Calls: Emergency and Nonemergency Calls
Touring the Communications Center
Radio Systems
Radio Equipment
Radio Operation
Using a Radio
CHAPTER 5 Fire Behavior
Introduction
The Chemistry of Fire
What Is Fire?
States of Matter
Fuels
Types of Energy
Conservation of Energy
Conditions Needed for Fire
Chemistry of Combustion
Products of Combustion
Fire Spread and Heat Transfer
Methods of Extinguishment
Classes of Fire
Class A Fires
Class B Fires
Class C Fires
Class D Fires
Class K Fires
Characteristics of Solid-Fuel Fires
Composition of Fuel
Amount of Fuel
Configuration of Fuel
Solid-Fuel Fire Development
1. Incipient Stage
2. Growth Stage
3. Fully Developed Stage
4. Decay Stage
Fire Behavior in Modern Structures
Wind Effect
Characteristics of Liquid-Fuel Fires
Characteristics of Gas-Fuel Fires
Vapor Density
Flammable Range
Boiling Liquid/Expanding Vapor Explosions
Smoke Reading
Step 1: Determine the Key Attributes of Smoke
Step 2: Determine What Is Influencing the Key Attributes
Step 3: Determine the Rate of Change
Step 4: Predict the Event
Smoke Reading Through a Door
CHAPTER 6 Building Construction
Introduction
Occupancy
Contents
Types of Construction Materials
Masonry
Concrete
Steel
Other Metals
Glass
Gypsum Board
Wood
Plastics
Types of Construction
Type I Construction: Fire Resistive
Type II Construction: Noncombustible
Type III Construction: Ordinary
Type IV Construction: Heavy Timber
Type V Construction: Wood Frame
Hybrid Building Construction
Building Components
Foundations
Floors and Ceilings
Roofs
Trusses
Walls
Doors and Windows
Interior Finishes and Floor Coverings
Exterior Finishes and Siding
Buildings Under Construction or Demolition
Building Collapse
Environmental Factors
Building Occupancy
Existing Structural Instability
Fire and Explosion Damage
Lightweight Construction
Preincident Planning and Incident Size-Up
CHAPTER 7 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Introduction
Purposes of Fire Extinguishers
Extinguishing Incipient Stage Fires
Extinguishing Fires with the Appropriate Extinguishing Agent
Methods of Fire Extinguishment
Cooling the Fuel
Cutting Off the Supply of Oxygen
Interrupting the Chain of Reactions
Classes of Fires
Class A Fires
Class B Fires
Class C Fires
Class D Fires
Class K Fires
Classification and Rating of Fire Extinguishers
Labeling of Fire Extinguishers
Traditional Lettering System
Pictograph Labeling System
Fire Extinguisher Placement
Classifying Area Hazards
Determining the Most Appropriate Placement of Fire Extinguishers
Fire Extinguisher Design
Portable Fire Extinguisher Components
Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Water-Type Fire Extinguishers
Dry-Chemical Fire Extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
Class B Foam Fire Extinguishers
Wet-Chemical Fire Extinguishers
Halogenated-Agent Fire Extinguishers
Dry-Powder Fire Extinguishers and Extinguishing Agents
Use of Fire Extinguishers
Locating a Fire Extinguisher
Selecting the Proper Fire Extinguisher
Ensuring Your Personal Safety
Transporting a Fire Extinguisher
Operating a Fire Extinguisher
The Care of Fire Extinguishers
Inspection
Maintenance
Recharging
Hydrostatic Testing
CHAPTER 8 Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment
Introduction
General Considerations
Safety
Conditions of Use/Operating Conditions
Effective Use
Functions
Rotating Tools
Pushing/Pulling Tools
Prying/Spreading Tools
Striking Tools
Cutting Tools
Multiple-Function Tools
Special-Use Tools
Phases of Use
Response and Size-Up Tools and Equipment
Forcible Entry Tools and Equipment
Interior Firefighting Tools and Equipment
Search and Rescue Tools and Equipment
Ventilation Tools and Equipment
Salvage and Overhaul Tools and Equipment
Maintenance
Cleaning and Inspecting Hand Tools
CHAPTER 9 Ropes and Knots
Introduction
Types of Rope
Life Safety Rope
Escape Rope
Water Rescue Throwline
Utility Rope
Webbing
Rope Materials
Natural Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Rope Construction
Twisted Rope
Braided Rope
Kernmantle Rope
Rope Maintenance
Care for the Rope
Clean the Rope
Inspect the Rope
Store the Rope
Knots
Terminology
Safety Knot
Hitches
Loop Knots
Bends
Hoisting
Hoisting an Axe
Hoisting a Pike Pole
Hoisting a Ladder
Hoisting a Charged Hose Line
Hoisting an Uncharged Hose Line
Hoisting an Exhaust Fan or Power Tool
CHAPTER 10 Forcible Entry
Introduction
Forcible Entry Situations
Forcible Entry Tools
General Tool Safety
General Carrying Tips
General Maintenance Tips
Types of Forcible Entry Tools
Doors
Basic Door Construction
Construction Materials
Types of Doors
Windows
Safety
Glass Construction
Frame Designs
Locks
Parts of a Door Lock
Parts of a Padlock
Safety
Types of Locks
Through-the-Lock Techniques
Forcing Entry Through Doors with Drop Bars
Forcing Entry Through Security Gates and Windows
Breaching Walls and Floors
Load-Bearing/Nonbearing Walls
Exterior Walls
Interior Walls
Floors
Systematic Forcible Entry
CHAPTER 11 Ladders
Introduction
Primary Uses of Ground Ladders
Other Uses of Ground Ladders
Ladder Construction and Components
Basic Ladder Components
Extension Ladder Components
Types of Ladders
Aerial Apparatus
Ground Ladders
Inspection, Maintenance, and Service Testing of Ground Ladders
Inspection
Maintenance
Service Testing
Ladder Safety
Lifting and Moving Ladders
Placement of Ground Ladders
Working on a Ladder
Rescue
Ladder Damage
Using Ground Ladders
Selecting the Ladder
Removing the Ladder from the Apparatus
Lifting Ladders
Carrying Ladders
Placing a Ladder
Raising a Ladder
Securing the Ladder
Climbing the Ladder
Dismounting the Ladder
Working from a Ladder
Descending a Ladder
Inspect a Chimney
CHAPTER 12 Search and Rescue
Introduction
Search and Rescue Operations
Coordination with Fire Suppression Operations
Search and Rescue Size-Up
Search Coordination
Search Priorities
Search and Rescue Safety
Risk Management
Search and Rescue Tools and Equipment
Methods to Determine Whether an Area Is Tenable
Primary Search
General Search Techniques
Four Methods of Conducting a Primary Search
Secondary Search
Rescue Techniques
Shelter-in-Place
Exit Assist
Simple Victim Carries
Emergency Drags
Assisting a Person Down a Ground Ladder
Removing a Victim by Aerial Ladder or Platform
CHAPTER 13 Ventilation
Introduction
Ventilation and Fire Behavior
The Impact of Door Control
The Impact of the Ventilation Location
The Impact of the Ventilation Hole Size
The Impact of Wind
The Impact of Exterior Suppression
Size-Up and Ventilation
Location, Size, and Stage of Fire
Type of Building Construction
Timing and Coordination of Ventilation and Suppression
Minimizing Backdrafts and Flashovers
Backdrafts and Ventilation
Flashovers and Ventilation
Types of Ventilation
Horizontal Ventilation
Natural Ventilation
Mechanical Ventilation
Vertical Ventilation
Safety Considerations in Vertical Ventilation
Basic Indicators of Roof Collapse
Roof Construction
Vertical Ventilation Techniques
Special Considerations
Ventilating Basements
Ventilating Concrete Roofs
Ventilating Metal Roofs
Ventilating High-Rise Buildings
Ventilating Windowless Buildings
Ventilating Large Buildings
Equipment Maintenance
CHAPTER 14 Water Supply Systems
Introduction
Municipal Water Systems
Water Sources
Water Treatment Facilities
Water Distribution System
Fire Hydrant Locations
Types of Fire Hydrants
Dry-Barrel Hydrants
Wet-Barrel Hydrants
Fire Hydrant Operation
Operating a Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrant
Operating a Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrant
Fire Hydraulics
Water Flow and Pressure
Friction Loss
Elevation Pressure
Water Hammer
Maintaining Fire Hydrants
Inspecting Fire Hydrants
Testing Fire Hydrants
Rural Water Supplies
Static Sources of Water
Water Shuttle Operations
Portable Tanks
CHAPTER 15 Fire Hose, Appliances, and Nozzles
Introduction
Fire Hose
Sizes of Hose
Hose Construction
Hose Couplings
Supply Hose
Attack Hose
Hose Care, Maintenance, and Inspection
Causes and Prevention of Hose Damage
Cleaning and Maintaining Hose
Hose Inspections
Hose Testing and Records
Hose Rolls
Straight or Storage Hose Roll
Single-Doughnut Hose Roll
Twin-Doughnut Hose Roll
Self-Locking Twin-Doughnut Hose Roll
Hose Appliances
Wyes
Water Thief
Siamese Connection
Adaptors
Reducers
Hose Jacket
Hose Roller
Hose Bridge
Hose Clamp
Valves
Master Stream Appliances
Nozzles
Nozzle Shut-Off
Types of Nozzles
Other Types of Nozzles
Nozzle Maintenance and Inspection
CHAPTER 16 Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions
Introduction
Supply Line Evolutions
Laying Supply Hose
Loading Supply Hose
Connecting an Engine to a Water Supply
Supply Hose Carries and Advances
Connecting Supply Hose Lines to Standpipe and Sprinkler Systems
Attack Line Evolutions
Loading Preconnected Attack Lines
Wyed Lines
Advancing Attack Lines
Advancing Attack Lines from the Attack Engine to the Door
Advancing Attack Lines from the Door to the Fire
Extending an Attack Line
Advancing an Attack Line from a Standpipe Outlet
Replacing a Defective Section of Hose
Draining and Picking Up Hose
Unloading Hose
CHAPTER 17 Fire Suppression
Introduction
Defensive, Offensive, and Transitional Attack Operations
Defensive Operations
Offensive Operations
Operating Handlines
Fire Streams
Stream Placement
Operating Large Handlines
Operating Master Stream Appliances
Deck Guns
Portable Monitors
Elevated Master Stream Appliances
Specific Fire-Ground Operations
Concealed-Space Fires
Basement Fires
Fires Above Ground Level
Attic Fires
Fires in Large Buildings
Fires in Buildings During Construction, Renovation, or Demolition
Fires in Lumberyards
Fires in Stacked or Piled Materials
Trash Container and Rubbish Fires
Confined Spaces
Protecting Exposures
Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Chimney Fires
Vehicle Fires
Types of Vehicles
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
Responding to the Scene
Attacking Vehicle Fires
Overhauling Vehicle Fires
Shutting Off Building Utilities
Shutting Off Gas Service
Shutting Off Electrical Service
Shutting Off Water Service
CHAPTER 18 Fire Fighter Survival
Introduction
Risk/Benefit Analysis
Hazard Indicators
Safe Operating Procedures
Rules of Engagement for Fire Fighter Survival
Team Integrity
Personnel Accountability System
Emergency Communications Procedures
Rapid Intervention Crews/Companies
Fire Fighter Survival Procedures
Maintaining Orientation
Self-Rescue
Safe Locations
Air Management
Rescuing a Downed Fire Fighter
Rapid Intervention Pack
Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 19 Salvage and Overhaul
Introduction
Lighting
Lighting Methods
Lighting Equipment
Safety Principles and Practices
Salvage Overview
Safety Considerations During Salvage Operations
Salvage Tools
Using Salvage Techniques to Prevent Water Damage
Deactivating Sprinklers
Removing Water
Using Salvage Techniques to Limit Smoke and Heat Damage
Salvage Covers
Floor Runners
Other Salvage Operations
Overhaul Overview
Health Considerations During Overhaul
Safety Considerations During Overhaul
Preserving Evidence During Overhaul
Where to Overhaul
Overhaul Techniques
Overhaul Tools
Opening Walls and Ceilings
CHAPTER 20 Fire Fighter Rehabilitation
Introduction
The Need for Rehabilitation
Personal Protective Equipment
Dehydration
Energy Consumption
Tolerance for Stress
When Is Rehabilitation Needed?
Extended Fire Incidents
Other Types of Incidents Requiring Rehabilitation
Severe Weather Conditions
How Does Rehabilitation Work?
Field Reduction of Contaminants
Relief from Climatic Conditions
Rest and Recovery
Passive or Active Cooling or Warming
Rehydration and Calorie Replacement
Medical Monitoring
Member Accountability
Release and Reassignment
Personal Responsibility in Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 21 Wildland and Ground Cover Fires
Introduction
Wildland and Ground Cover Fires and the Fire Triangle
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Other Factors That Affect Wildland Fires
Weather
Topography
Extinguishing Wildland Fires
Anatomy of a Wildland Fire
Methods of Extinguishment
Fire Apparatus Used for Wildland Fires
Types of Attacks
Safety in Wildland Firefighting
Ten Standard Firefighting Orders
The Eighteen Watch Out Situations
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones (LCES)
Hazards of Wildland Firefighting
Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
The Wildland/Urban Interface
Strategic Considerations for the Wildland/Urban Interface
SECTION 2 Fire Fighter II
CHAPTER 22 Establishing and Transferring Command
Introduction
Roles and Responsibilities of the Fire Fighter II
Communications
History of the Incident Command System
Incident Command and the NIMS Model
IS-100, IS-200, and IS-700
The ICS Organization
Command
General Staff Functions
Standard ICS Concepts and Terminology
Single Resources and Crews
Groups and Divisions
Branches
Location Designators
Task Forces and Strike Teams
Characteristics of the Incident Command System
Jurisdictional Authority
All-Risk, All-Hazard System
Everyday Applicability
Unity of Command
Span of Control
Modular Organization
Common Terminology
Integrated Communications
Incident Action Plans
Designated Incident Facilities
Resource Management
Size-Up
Managing Information
Resources
Implementing the Incident Command System
Establishing Command
Transferring Command
Incident Action Plan
Incident Priorities
RECEO-VS
S.L.I.C.E.-R.S.
Incident Reports
Obtaining the Necessary Information
Required Coding Procedures
Reporting to NFIRS
Consequences of Incomplete and Inaccurate Reports
Crew Resource Management
CHAPTER 23 Advanced Fire Suppression
Introduction
Command Considerations
Life Safety
Structural Collapse
Fire Conditions
Water Supply
Staffing
S.L.I.C.E.-R.S.
Defensive Operations
Offensive Operations
Ventilation to Support Incident Priorities
Venting for Life Safety
Venting for Incident Stabilization
Venting for Property Conservation
Combustible and Flammable Liquid Fires
Hazards
Suppression
Flammable Gas Containers
Propane Gas
Propane Hazards
Flammable Gas Fire Suppression
Introduction to Firefighting Foam
Foam Extinguishing Mechanisms
Foam Classifications
Foam Concentrates
Foam Equipment
Foam Application
Backup Resources
Foam Apparatus
Hose Testing and Records
CHAPTER 24 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication
Introduction
Vehicle Anatomy
Parts of a Motor Vehicle
Motor Vehicle Frames
Supplemental Restraint Systems
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
Arrival and Size-Up of the Scene
Traffic Hazards
Fire Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Other Hazards
Stabilization of the Scene
Traffic Hazards
Fire Hazards
Electrical Hazards
Other Hazards
Gaining Access to the Victim
Open the Door
Break Tempered Glass
Force the Door
Provide Initial Medical Care
Disentangling the Victim
Displace the Seat
Remove the Glass
Remove the Steering Wheel
Displace the Dashboard
Displace the Roof
Removing and Transporting the Victim
Terminating an Incident
Securing the Scene
CHAPTER 25 Assisting Special Rescue Teams
Introduction
Types of Rescues Encountered by Fire Fighters
Guidelines for Operations
Be Safe
Follow Orders
Work as a Team
Think
Follow the Golden Rule of Public Service
Steps of Special Rescue
Preparing for the Response
Responding to the Incident
Arrival and Size-Up
Stabilizing the Incident
Gaining Access to the Victim
Disentangling the Victim
Removing the Victim
Transporting the Victim
Postincident Duties
Security of the Scene and Preparation for the Next Call
Postincident Analysis
General Rescue Scene Procedures
Approaching the Scene
Mitigating Utility Hazards
Providing Scene Security
Using Protective Equipment
Using the Incident Command System
Ensuring Accountability
Making Victim Contact
Assisting Rescue Crews
Vehicles and Machinery
Confined-Space Rescue
Rope Rescue
Trench and Excavation Collapse Rescue
Structural Collapse Rescue
Cave and Tunnel Rescue
Water and Ice Rescue
Wilderness Search and Rescue
Hazardous Materials Incidents
Elevator and Escalator Rescue
Industrial Rescue
Active Shooter Incidents
Tools and Equipment
Lighting Equipment and Electrical Generators
Power Tools and Equipment
CHAPTER 26 Fire Detection, Suppression, and Smoke Control Systems
Introduction
Fire Alarm and Detection Systems
Residential Fire Alarms
Fire Alarm System Components
Other Fire Alarm Functions
Fire Alarm Annunciator Systems
Fire Department Notification
Fire Suppression Systems
Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems
Standpipe Systems
Special Hazard Suppression Systems
Smoke Control Systems
Passive Smoke Control
Active Smoke Control
CHAPTER 27 Fire and Life Safety Initiatives
Introduction
Fire and Life Safety Initiatives
Fire Prevention
Fire and Life Safety Education
Conducting a Fire Safety Survey for a Private Dwelling
Getting Started
Outside Hazards
Inside Hazards
Other Hazards
Closing Review
Preincident Planning
Target Hazards
Conducting a Preincident Survey for a Building
Preincident Planning for Response and Access
Preincident Planning for Scene Size-Up
Preincident Planning for Search and Rescue
Preincident Planning for Forcible Entry
Preincident Planning for Ladder Placement
Preincident Planning for Ventilation
Occupancy Considerations
High-Rise Buildings
Assembly Occupancies
Healthcare Facilities
Detention and Correctional Facilities
Multifamily Residential Occupancies
Locations Requiring Special Considerations
Special Hazards
CHAPTER 28 Fire Origin and Cause
Introduction
Why Do We Investigate Fires?
Who Conducts Fire Investigations?
Law Enforcement Authority
Investigation Assistance
Private Investigation Entities
Legal Authority to Enter, Secure, and Transfer Property
Determining the Point of Origin and Fire Cause
Identifying the Point of Origin
Determining Fire Cause
Classifications of Fire Cause
Accidental Fire Causes
Natural Fire Causes
Incendiary Fire Causes
Undetermined Fire Causes
Assisting the Investigator
Collecting and Processing Evidence
Identifying Witnesses
Observations During Fire-Ground Operations
Dispatch and Response
Arrival and Size-Up
Entry
Search and Rescue
Ventilation
Fire Suppression Operations
Salvage and Overhaul
Nonstructural Fires
Fire-Related Injuries and Fatalities
The Crime of Arson
Youth Firesetters
SECTION 3 Hazardous Materials Awareness Level
CHAPTER 29 Hazardous Materials Regulations, Standards, and Laws
Introduction
What Is a Hazardous Material Anyway?
Levels of Training: Regulations and Standards
Awareness Level
Operations Level
Technician/Specialist Level
Incident Commander
Other Governmental Agencies
Preplanning
CHAPTER 30 Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards
Introduction
Scene Size-Up
Safety
Isolate
Notify
Containers
Drums
Carboys
Cylinders
Transportation and Facility Markings
Safety Data Sheets
The National Fire Protection Association 704 Marking System
Hazardous Materials Information System
Military Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Markings
Shipping Papers
Pipelines
The Emergency Response Guidebook
Harmful Substances’ Routes of Entry into the Human Body
Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Injection
SECTION 4 Hazardous Materials Operations Level
CHAPTER 31 Properties and Effects
Introduction
Physical and Chemical Changes
Critical Characteristics of Flammable Liquids
Flash Point
Ignition Temperature
Flammable Range
Vapor Pressure
Boiling Point
Vapor Density
Specific Gravity
Water Solubility
Corrosivity (pH)
Toxic Products of Combustion
Radiation
Hazard, Exposure, and Contamination
Hazard and Exposure
Contamination
Secondary Contamination
Chronic and Acute Health Effects
CHAPTER 32 Understanding the Hazards
Introduction
Containers
Ton Containers
Intermodal Tanks
Intermediate Bulk Containers
Transporting Hazardous Materials
Roadway Transportation
Railroad Transportation
Reference Sources
CHEMTREC
National Response Center
Potential Terrorist Incidents
Responding to Terrorist Incidents
Initial Actions
Interagency Coordination
Chemical Agents
Biological Agents
Radiological Agents
Illicit Laboratories
Explosives
Secondary Devices
CHAPTER 33 Estimating Potential Harm and Planning a Response
Introduction
Estimating the Potential Harm or Severity of the Incident
Resources for Determining the Size of the Incident
Exposures
Reporting the Size and Scope of the Incident
Determining the Concentration of a Released Hazardous Material
Skin Contact Hazards
Plan an Initial Response
Response Objectives
Personal Protective Equipment
Types of PPE for Hazardous Materials
Street Clothing and Work Uniforms
Structural Firefighting Protective Clothing
High-Temperature–Protective Clothing and Equipment
Chemical-Protective Clothing and Equipment
Chemical-Protective Clothing Ratings
Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D
Respiratory Protection
Physical Capability Requirements
Positive-Pressure Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Supplied-Air Respirators
Closed-Circuit SCBA
Air-Purifying Respirators
Powered Air-Purifying Respirators
Decontamination
Emergency (Field Expedient) Decontamination
Secondary Contamination
CHAPTER 34 Implementing the Planned Response
Introduction
Response Safety Procedures
Scene Control Procedures
Protective Actions at the Hazardous Materials Operations Level
Evacuation
Sheltering-in-Place
Search and Rescue
Safety Briefings
The Buddy System and Backup Personnel
Excessive-Heat Disorders
Cold-Temperature Exposures
Personal Protective Equipment: Physical Capability Requirements
The Incident Command System
Command
General Staff Functions
Role of the Operations Level Responder
CHAPTER 35 Hazardous Materials Responder Health and Safety
Introduction
Overview of Fire Smoke
Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Cyanide: Silent Killers
Smoke Inhalation Treatment
Postfire Detection and Monitoring
Why Use Detection Devices at the Fire Scene?
Common Fire Scene Detection and Monitoring Technologies
Fire Scene Detection and Monitoring Practices
SECTION 5 Hazardous Materials Operations Level: Mission Specific
CHAPTER 36 Hazardous Materials Responder Personal Protective Equipment
Introduction
Single-Use Versus Reusable PPE
Maintaining PPE
Determining PPE Needs
Specific PPE for Hazardous Materials Response
Chemical-Protective Clothing and Equipment
Chemical-Protective Clothing Ratings
Respiratory Protection
Safety
Chemical-Protective Equipment Performance Requirements
Responder Safety
Responder Decontamination
Going Through Decontamination in PPE
Reporting and Documenting the Incident
CHAPTER 37 Product Control
Introduction
Control Options
Absorption and Adsorption
Damming
Diking
Dilution
Diversion
Retention
Remote Valve Shut-off
Vapor Dispersion and ­Suppression
Recovery
Glossary
Index