French North Africa: the Maghrib between two world wars d791sg29s

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French North Africa

, by the same author *

THE ARABS: Their History and Future

French North Africa The Maghrib Between Two World Wars JACQUES BERQUE

Translated by

JEAN STEWART

FREDERICK A. PRAEGER, Publishers New York - Washington

BOOKS THAT MATTER

Published in the United States of America in 1967 by Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Publishers r1I Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003

Originally published in France as LE MAGRIB ENTRE DEUX GUERRES

© 1962 by Editions du Seuil English translation © Faber and Faber Ltd., in London, England, 1967

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-20083 All rights reserved

Printed in Great Britain

Contents

Map page 12-13 Preface 15 11 November 1918 20 PART ONE

Assessment of the Situation

I THE DISPUTE OVER FUNDAMENTALS 35 The Land _ Recourse to Mechanical Energy The Scope of the First Efforts Nature’s Answer Contradictions Wealth from the Subsoil

II THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THINGS AND SYMBOLS 64 The Decline of the State The Semantics of Colonialism From Islam as Refuge to Islam as Revolution A North African Philology News Items Sophisms of Liberty The Interplay or Reason and the Arbitrary

III ENDURING FACTORS IN MAGHRIB LIFE 88 Physical Implications Historic Nature of Forms Economic Fluctuations The Significance and Shape of Colonial History 7

CONTENTS

Stages of Historic Enlightenment Enduring Factors in Maghrib Life

PART TWO

Fragments of Local History

IV TRIBES page III

V VILLAGES 125 From Tribe to Commune

Andalusian Villages Algerian ‘Colonized’ Villages Colomb-Béchar

Sidi ‘Isa in the Hodna :

Frenda

Bu Sa‘ada

In the Moroccan Gharb: Suq al-Arba‘ In the Tunisian Sahil: Ksur Essaf Life in the Village

VI FEZ BETWEEN TWO WORLD WARS 164

VII QUARTERS 185 Tunis: the Nahj al-Basha Algiers: the Laferriére District

PART THREE

The Reckoning

VITI THE FALSE APOGEE 215 The Maghrib towards 1930 The Berber Reservation The Defeat of St Augustine The Celebration of the Centenary Rulers in Conclave The Opposition A Shock

IX THE SITUATION WORSENS 232 Evolution of Moroccan Agriculture Usury Concentration La kriz Rain ya khu-ya Hierarchies of Precariousness 8

CONTENTS

X THE KNOT TIGHTENS page 248 The Men of the Olive Groves The Shorn Colons Street Scenes ‘Reasons for a Decree’

A Pattern

AI THE FINAL SUMMONS 262 The Stagnation of the System Local Activity A New Social Life Social Struggles Political Struggle Algeria’s Day Relapse

XII RESPITE 281 ‘For the Native Peasant and Artisan’ A Backward Glance Modernism and Incoherence What Passed Unnoticed PART FOUR

The Floating Island

XITI ELEMENTARY BASES OF COEXISTENCE 297 Hunger Sexual Desire Fear Injustice

XIV TYPES AND SITUATIONS OF THE TIME 315 ‘Companions of the Garden’ The Man at the Base The Business Man The Left Wing The ‘Little Men’ Daily Life

XV THE FLAVOUR OF LIFE AT THE TIME 340 A Human Gaze The Picaresque and the Decadent Maghribi Sarcasm Stimulation and Reserves Maghribi Inhibition Things Endured, Things Accepted, Things Protected 9

CONTENTS

XVI EXPRESSION AND MEANING page 356 Recourse to the Maze Protective Screens Languages The Arts The Rupture The Great Reversal The Return of Ibn Khaldun Last Literary Openings

PART FIVE

The Maghrib: Past and Future XVII ‘FRANCE, IN THESE LANDS, WAS UNAWARE ...’ 383 GLOSSARY OF ARABIC WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

AND LOCAL TERMS 396

INDEX OF NAMES 405 INDEX OF PLACES 410 INDEX OF TRIBAL GROUPS AND FAMILIES 413 INDEX OF AUTHORS, PERIODICALS, ETC. AIS5

GENERAL INDEX AI9

10

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