Fateful Triangle : The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians 9780896086012

Table of contents :
LIBRARY
Introduction file://intro.pdf#page=1 Class Warfare file://classwar.pdf#page=1 The Culture of Terrorism file://cultterr.pdf#page=1 Necessary Illusions file://illusns.pdf#page=1 Powers & Prospects file://powers.pdf#page=1 Turning the Tide file://turntide.PDF#page=1 World Orders, Old and New file://worldord.pdf#page=1Contents
Foreword
Preface to the Updated Edition
Notes—Preface
1. Fanning the Flames
Notes—Chapter 1
2. The Origins of the “Special Relationship”
1. Levels of Support: Diplomatic, Material, Ideological
2. Causal Factors
2.1 Domestic Pressure Groups and their Interests
2.2 U.S. Strategic Interests
2.2.1 Threats to U.S. Control of Middle East Oil
2.2.2 The Indigenous Threat: Israel as a Strategic Asset
2.2.3 Subsidiary Services
3. American Liberalism and Ideological Support for Israel
Notes—Chapter 2
3. Rejectionism and Accommodation
1. A Framework for Discussion
1.1 The Concept of Rejectionism
1.2 The International Consensus
2. The Stands of the Major Actors
2.1 The United States
2.2 Israel
2.2.1 The Rejectionist Stands of Labor and Likud
2.2.2 The Legacy of the Founding Fathers
2.2.3 The Disguise
2.3 The Population of the Occupied Territories
2.3.1 Attitudes under Occupation
2.3.2 The Carrot and the Stick
2.3.3 The “Peace Process”
2.3.4 The United States and the Conquered Population
2.4 The Arab States and the PLO
2.4.1 The Erosion of Rejectionism and the U.S.-Israeli Response
2.4.2 Sadat’s Trip to Jerusalem and the Rewriting of History
3. The Continuing Threat of Peace
Notes—Chapter 3
4. Israel and Palestine: Historical Backgrounds
1. The Pre-State Period
2. The War of Independence/Conquest
3. The Israel-Arab Wars
4. After the 1967 Conquest
4.1 The Settlement Policies of the Labor Governments
4.2 Settlement under Begin and Reagan
4.2.1 Policies
4.2.2 Reactions
4.2.3 Policies (Continued)
4.3 The Demographic Problem and its Solution
4.4 The Workforce and the Labor Alignment
5. The Ways of the Conqueror
5.1 The West Bank
5.2 The Golan Heights
5.3 The Attack on Palestinian Culture
5.4 “The Opportunity to Work in Israel”
5.5 Israeli Inquiries and American Suppression
6. The Testimony of the Samidin
7. The Cycle of Occupation, Resistance, Repression and Moral Degeneration
7.1 Americans Hear the News
7.2 The Rise of Religious-Chauvinist Fanaticism
8. Conflicts within Israel
8.1 Within the Jewish Community
8.2 Non-Jews in the Jewish State
9. The Zionist Movement and the PLO
9.1 “The Boundaries of Zionist Aspirations”
9.2 Moderates and Extremists
9.3 The Use of Terror
10. The Problem for Today
Notes—Chapter 4
5. Peace for Galilee
1. The Rational Basis for Attacking the Civilian Population
2. The Northern Border of Greater Israel
3. The Background in Lebanon
3.1 The PLO and the Civil War
3.2 Syria and Israel in Lebanon
3.3 The Population under the PLO and the Phalange
3.4 Israeli Military Operations in Lebanon in the 1970s
4. From July 1981
4.1 The July Bombardments and the Habib Cease-Fire
4.2 The Occupied Territories
4.3 The Sinai Withdrawal
4.4 Israeli Provocations and the U.S. Response
4.5 The Pretext for the Invasion of Lebanon
4.6 The Reasons for the Invasion of Lebanon
4.6.1 The Imperatives of Rejectionism
4.6.2 Achieving National Unity
4.6.3 A New Order in Lebanon
4.7 The Green Light from Washington
5. War is Peace
5.1 Extermination of the Two-Legged Beasts
5.2 Beirut: Precision Bombardment
5.3 Caring for the Victims: Prisoners, Patients, Refugees
5.4 The Grand Finale
6. The Taste of Victory
6.1 The Victors
6.2 The Liberated
6.3 Israelis
6.4 The American Scene
7. The Critique of the Media
7.1 The American Media
7.2 The “Broad-scale Mass Psychological War” against Israel
7.3 The Israeli Media
8. The Image Problem
8.1 In Lebanon
8.2 Solving the Problem
8.2.1 Extraordinary Humanitarian Efforts
8.2.2 Flowers and Rice
8.2.3 “The Biggest Hijacking in History”
8.3 The Image of the Fighters
8.3.2 The IDF
Notes—Chapter 5
6. Aftermath
1. A Chapter of Jewish History
2. A Glorious Victory
2.1 The Achievements of Operation “Peace for Galilee”
2.2 The Syrian Phase of the War
2.3 The West Falls into Line
3. The Taste of Victory Turns Sour
3.1 Reagan’s Peace Plan
3.2 The Israeli Response
3.2.1 The Incorporation of the Occupied Territories
3.2.2 The March on West Beirut
3.3 Ungrateful Clients
4. The Invasion of West Beirut
4.1 The Gemayel Assassination
4.2 “To Prevent Bloodshed and Acts of Revenge”
5. A Chapter of Palestinian History
6. Who is Responsible?
6.1 The Background for the Inquiry
6.2 The Charges
6.3 “We” and “They”: Defiling the Beautiful Israel
6.4 On “Moral Idiocy”
6.5 “Putting a Snake into a Child’s Bed”: The United States and its Commitments
6.5.1 The Defenseless Remnants
6.5.2 The “Brought-in”
6.5.3 More on Hypocrisy
6.6 The “Principal Culprits”
6.7 Reactions: Israel and Elsewhere
6.8 The Commission of Inquiry (the Kahan Commission)
7. Elsewhere in Lebanon
7.1 The South
7.2 The Chouf
7.3 Beirut after the Israeli Invasion
7.4 Under Syrian Control
8. Israel’s Moral Lapse
Notes—Chapter 6
7. The Road to Armageddon
1. The Fateful Triangle
2. The Threat to the Local Parties
2.1 The Logic of Occupation
2.2 The Next Round
3. The Threat to the United States and the World
3.1 The Risk of Superpower Confrontation
3.2 The Evasions of the Peace Movement
4. Prospects
4.1 Assuming U.S. Rejectionism
4.1.1 The Spectrum of Israeli Political Thinking
4.1.2 “From Coexistence to Hegemony”
4.2 Assuming an Abandonment of U.S. Rejectionism
4.2.1 The Effect on Israeli Policy
4.2.2 Israel’s Secret Weapon
Notes—Chapter 7
8. The Palestinian Uprising
1. “Let Us Cry”
2. The Reality of the Occupation
3. Scenes from the Uprising
3.1 Repression and Resistance
3.2 Some Personal Observations
3.3 Elsewhere under Occupation
3.4 Israel’s Peace Movement
Notes—Chapter 8
9. “Limited War” in Lebanon
1. The Rules of the Game
2. The Logic of Terror
3. Safeguarding the Occupation
4. Post-Oslo Lebanon
Notes—Chapter 9
10. Washington’s “Peace Process”
1. Oslo I
2. Oslo II
3. “Another Crushed Nation”?
Notes—Chapter 10
INDEX
Abboushi, W.F.,
248
317
ABC
435
489
496
558
625
632
Abdullah, King of Jordan
136
187
188
290
296
516
Abourezk, James
336
488
Abram, Morris
456
458
556
Abu Ageila 345
Abu Jihad
817
818
830
918
919
920
Abu-Akar, Muhammad 797
Abu-Said, Sami 439
Acre
299
393
633
673
712
Adan, Avraham 414
ADL, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Brith
401
489
490
491
492
495
AFL-CIO 844
Africa
26
31
67
68
71
75
91
Afula 830
Ahduth Avodah 902
Ahmed, Zafira Mohammad
587
788
798
802
815
816
Aishiye 332
Akins, James
137
165
al-Aruri, Ribhi 833
al-Atar, Intissar
792
828
al-Fatah
155
329
Al-Haq, [Law in the Service of Man]
824
835
848
al-Hassan, Abla 663
al-Hoss, Selim 341
al-Jaber, Hatem Fayez Alimad 825
al-Najah University, [Nablus]
246
247
248
al-Salfiti, Rajeh 823
al-Wazir, Khalil 918
Aldubi, Romam
825
826
827
828
852
Algeria
79
760
807
909
Allon Plan
25
109
113
119
199
202
Allon, Yigal
25
109
113
119
132
187
Aloni, Shulamith
123
200
233
452
453
543
Am el-Hilweh 387
Amal, Shiite militia
395
430
433
510
526
606
American Friends of Israel
427
551
Amin, Idi
67
332
430
532
609
704
Amman
292
863
892
Amnesty International
28
235
236
259
315
410
An-nahar
388
424
615
Andoni, Lamis
864
881
892
933
Angola
214
779
Ansar
258
334
403
404
405
406
APPME, American Professors for Peace in the Middle East 83
Aqel, Tyad Mohammed 829
Arab League
305
330
455
576
588
592
Arab Studies Society
822
851
Arafat, Yasser
29
120
123
133
134
155
Arens, Moshe
239
687
754
770
771
846
Argentina
207
410
881
Argov, Shlomo
157
349
350
380
393
881
Aridor, Yoram
595
728
Ariel
26
52
72
79
84
111
126
Arlosoroff, Chaim
288
291
321
322
Armony, Ariel 881
Arnon, Dan
518
521
Arrabeh 673
Arslan family 708
Asaad, Kamel 430
Ashkelon
816
857
Asia
75
561
577
913
Avineri, Shlomo
13
447
448
450
485
556
Avivim 224
Avneri, Uri
126
153
164
170
267
345
Awad, Abdallah 828
Awali river
610
719
Aziz, Tariq 361
Bachar, Aharon
240
243
316
709
739
Baker, James
874
886
930
Balfour declaration
175
804
Balfour, Arthur [Lord]
175
449
514
556
804
Bantustans
26
101
925
Bar-Lev, Chaim
165
192
452
Bar-On, Mordechai
359
442
443
485
545
Barak, Ehud
25
858
880
900
934
Baram, Haim
46
921
936
Barash, Menahem
277
320
Barel, Zvi
108
126
162
164
233
313
Barghouti, Bashir 822
Barguti, Bassem
257
318
Barrow, Robert 714
Barzilai, Amnon
873
882
916
936
Bates, Ralph 423
Bauer, Yehuda
179
302
303
Bayard, R.F 194
Bazak, Y. 908
BBC
536
561
770
790
Bechtel Corporation 461
Bedouins
345
543
596
903
Begin, Menachem
6
39
41
42
43
46
52
Beilin, Yossi
849
889
891
900
929
934
Beirut
8
9
10
40
41
42
43
45
Beit Sahur
126
745
Beita
824
826
828
Beitar
901
929
Bell, Daniel
322
642
Bellow, Saul
149
266
318
319
Ben Gal, Avigdor 805
Ben Zakkai, Jochanan 253
Ben-Eliezer, Binyamin
741
928
929
Ben-Elissar, Eliahu 84
Ben-Gurion, David
59
67
91
112
114
129
Ben-Meir, Yehuda 279
Bennike, Vagn 651
Benvenisti, Meron
203
204
209
211
212
213
Berlin, Isaiah
397
749
788
812
850
890
Berman, Julius
148
169
Bermant, Chaim
205
207
310
466
557
729
Bernadotte, Folke
297
811
812
Bernstein, David
88
276
304
320
373
542
Bernstein, Isaac J.
88
276
304
320
373
542
Berrigan, Daniel
215
269
488
Betar 177
Bethlehem
126
218
362
726
751
893
Bialik, Chaim Nahman
567
726
Biddu 835
Bint Jubeil 224
Bir Zeit University 362
Bismark, Otto von 369
Biton, Charles 233
Black Book
128
164
Black, Ian
31
67
80
94
128
162
Blitzer, Wolf
206
208
209
310
655
731
Bloch, Daniel
170
781
790
Bokassa, Jean Bedel 67
Border Guards
240
241
257
285
286
411
Bourj el-Brajneh
616
618
619
Bowring, Philip
337
542
Braestrup, Peter
492
493
494
500
559
Brezhnev, Leonid
156
172
Brickner, Balfour
449
514
556
Bronner, Ethan
859
862
880
881
934
936
Brooks, David 912
Burg, Abraham
150
238
315
665
Burg, Yosef
150
238
315
665
Burns, E.L.M.
194
346
742
Bush, George
27
846
863
875
903
917
Butros, Fuad 430
Cairo
171
292
297
886
896
901
Calais 459
Camp David accords
110
127
131
357
Canada
912
937
Carter, Jimmy
75
146
147
156
377
378
Cavallari, Walter 712
CBS
489
829
Central African Republic 67
Central America
19
57
68
72
73
75
214
Chafetz, Ze'ev 503
Chaikin, Sol 54
Chamoun, Camille
430
432
433
612
705
Chamounists 331
Chancellor, John
347
490
Cheshin, Amir 904
Childers, Erskine
186
305
Chile
498
881
China
22
77
118
191
802
926
Chouf region
433
706
707
Christians
330
333
338
365
373
414
Christopher, Warren
59
89
550
553
789
849
Churba, Joseph
70
93
Churchill, Winston
62
90
923
936
CIA
18
27
51
64
65
66
67
Clark, Ramsey
378
488
Clark, William
378
488
Clergy and Laity Concerned [CALC] 449
Clinton, Bill
24
27
28
29
32
33
35
Coburn, Judith
339
542
Cockburn, Alexander
45
470
544
551
552
559
Cohen, Amiram
23
168
217
245
311
445
Cohen, Chaim
23
168
217
245
311
445
Cohen, Meir
23
168
217
245
311
445
Cohen, Oren
23
168
217
245
311
445
Cohen, Yoel
23
168
217
245
311
445
Cold War
46
62
64
76
188
305
Commentary
34
45
147
259
467
509
Communist Party
82
89
172
233
259
335
Congress of Jewish Journalists from the Diaspora 252
Congress, U.S.
16
49
71
72
73
87
88
Connell, Dan
382
383
549
697
738
Cooley, John
94
162
163
167
307
308
Cordesman, Anthony H. 780
Coventry
396
483
Cranston, Alan
49
461
467
Creveld, Martin van
538
562
Crociani, Panla
713
740
Cuba 76
Cygielman, Victor
267
937
Dahan, Gabriel 285
Dahariya
831
832
833
Damascus
276
380
452
573
707
754
Damour
330
332
527
632
689
703
Damouri Brigade
619
627
Darwish, Mahmoud 254
Dayan, Moshe
67
80
114
184
195
197
de Beauvoir, Simone 271
Dekel, Michael 598
Dershowitz, Alan
13
259
315
436
557
644
Dheisha 238
Dillon, Robert 502
Dine, Tom
782
783
Dinnerstein, Leonard
180
303
Dir Dabouan 363
Dissent
544
578
646
653
734
737
Dome of the Rock
24
830
Drake, Chris
536
561
Draper, Morris
167
613
626
659
Dresden
396
456
Drobles, Mattityahu 598
Dror, Yehezkel
786
791
Drori, Amir
613
615
620
634
733
Druze
243
244
255
286
335
430
Dubnow, Simon M.
567
573
686
726
730
Dudin, Mustafa
122
124
125
127
128
130
Dulzin, Annette 209
Dunvitz, Natan 255
Dura 362
East Jerusalem
24
109
124
197
203
251
East Timor
214
379
Eban, Abbe
58
89
115
131
165
198
Edde, Joseph 632
Efrat, Elisha
199
309
901
Egypt
24
50
66
84
97
98
110
Ehrlich, Eyal
807
849
852
Eichmann, Adolf
441
444
Eilat
292
385
741
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
15
293
757
El Salvador
57
70
73
208
631
779
El-Abayad, Abdelaleem
931
938
El-Bureig 651
Elazar, Daniel-
161
279
305
309
311
774
Eliachar, Elie
142
167
Eliav, Aryeh
200
554
786
Elizur, Yuval
87
548
559
594
733
736
Elkins, Michael
224
312
Elon, Amos
123
135
152
165
310
311
Elon, Menachem
123
135
152
165
310
311
Enbal, Leah
800
849
Ennes, James
91
758
789
Entebbe
671
747
Eran, Amos 331
Erez, Chaim
344
527
561
Erez, Yaakov
344
527
561
ESCO Foundation
177
302
Etgar, Leah
225
313
601
729
Ethiopia
67
191
303
771
Etzion, Yehuda 830
Etzioni, Moshe 235
Europe
17
24
25
65
81
88
92
European Community
78
758
Evron, Boaz
249
279
317
447
555
752
Fairlie, Henry
455
458
556
Falklands
74
459
Faour, Fikry 701
Feinberg, Avshalom 805
Feldman, Avigdor
106
794
808
848
850
852
Fez resolutions 361
Findley, Paul
155
172
Finger, Seymour 181
Flapan, Simha
52
88
94
115
150
158
Fokdal, Mogena 834
Fonda, Jane
13
462
464
465
466
467
Foster, Arnold 67
France, n
35
65
149
157
194
235
Franck, Peter 706
Franjieh, Suleiman
430
574
609
Frank, Reuven
94
162
491
492
559
Frankel, Jonathan
168
267
544
546
668
737
Frankel, Max
168
267
544
546
668
737
Frederika, Queen of Greece 62
Freij, Elias
120
133
362
364
572
579
Frem, Fady
632
705
710
Frenkel, Erwin
252
317
Friedman, Thomas
40
45
70
93
163
172
Gadna
336
382
Galilee
12
186
198
244
254
255
Galili, Israel
136
200
240
559
GAO, [General Accounting Office] 49
Gaza Hospital 393
Gaza Strip
66
100
107
109
110
118
Gazit, Shlomo
20
34
127
219
357
693
Gedera 227
Gefen, Mark 195
Gelb, Leslie
76
93
Gemayel, Amin
9
330
331
346
422
430
Gemayel, Bashir
9
330
331
346
422
430
Gemayel, Pierre
9
330
331
346
422
430
George, Doyd
148
149
246
302
322
370
Germany
177
179
225
387
391
456
Geva, Eli
41
43
242
316
Ghaban, Fathi 829
Giannou, Chris
82
400
401
402
552
Gilat, Zvi
821
851
852
Gilmour, David
478
558
Glass, Charles
552
707
739
740
850
Glazer, Nathan 460
Glenn, John
204
206
853
936
Goebbels, Joseph
193
467
530
Golan Heights
6
67
107
109
110
186
Goldberg, Arthur
13
181
182
397
424
427
Goldmann, Nahum
138
144
183
188
189
428
Gonen, Aaron 705
Goodheart, Eugene 283
Goodman, Hirsh
370
389
420
528
547
550
Gordon, Haim
34
409
550
553
923
Goren, Shlomo 280
Gotbaum, Victor 54
Graetz, Heinrich
253
317
Grafstein, Laurence
378
548
Greater Israel
7
39
40
44
58
102
117
Greece
62
63
64
90
127
689
Greek Orthodox
334
407
618
704
707
Green Patrols 595
Greenberg, Joel
836
848
852
880
Greenway, HDS
866
881
Grunzweig, Emil
747
786
Guards of the Cedars
332
605
Guatemala
73
76
88
92
93
208
437
Gur, Mordechai
110
169
323
386
417
452
Gush Etzion
210
901
Gush Katif
792
828
900
Habash, George
148
149
536
Habib, Philip
7
343
431
502
583
604
Hacohen, David 786
Haddad, Georges
328
334
335
338
340
342
Haddad, Sa'ad
328
334
335
338
340
342
Haganah
184
185
295
296
298
412
Haifa
146
281
295
331
416
455
Haig, Alexander
378
453
548
664
Haiti
498
779
Halabi, Rafik
258
268
295
309
466
557
Halawi, Ibrahim 705
Halhul
127
240
465
Hambro, John 625
Hamilton, Lee 594
Harel, Yisrael
87
900
901
934
Hareven, Shulamith
170
814
821
850
851
Hariri, Rafik 862
Harkabi, Yehoshaphat 868
Harris, William Wilson
187
199
309
Harrison, Earl G.
180
303
Hartabi, General 238
Hartman, David 670
Harvard Center for International Affairs
784
795
Hasbara
497
499
507
Hasbaya
333
335
Hausner, Gideon
441
445
555
Hayden, Tom
13
161
283
462
463
464
Hazani, Moshe
340
543
Hebron
25
30
35
123
125
130
Heikal, Mohammed 715
Helms, Richard 771
Helprin, Mark
148
149
151
152
169
171
Henderson, Lay 757
Hentoff, Nat
643
649
734
Herman, Edward S.
235
307
308
314
315
318
Hertzberg, Arthur
118
149
169
Herut
104
143
177
288
311
322
Herzog, Chaim
119
140
152
190
207
306
Higher Shiite Council 430
Hiltermann, Joost
799
800
848
Hirst, David
167
302
305
308
323
338
Histadrut
66
216
221
255
534
926
Hitler, Adolf
148
177
179
193
367
397
Hizbollah
19
30
857
858
862
865
Hobeika, Ella
612
632
678
Honduras
72
73
75
861
Hooglund, Eric
495
544
Horn, Carl von
195
308
Horwitz, Gerald
208
209
Howe, Irving
13
58
81
89
94
118
213
Hula 830
Human Rights Watch
35
877
883
Hussein, Faisal
16
17
122
136
168
210
Hussein, King of Jordan-
16
17
122
136
168
210
Hussein, Saddam
16
17
122
136
168
210
Ibrahim, Mohsen
213
305
433
605
705
714
Ilan, Menachem
184
560
729
752
825
Inbari, Pinhas
840
841
853
India
118
898
938
Indochina, llSn
41
79
215
326
339
441
Indonesia
75
214
379
881
International Commission of Jurists
309
827
International League for Human Rights 259
Islamic Jihad
30
821
920
Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights
258
318
662
Italy
418
444
Jabotinsky, Vladimir
177
643
Jackson, Henry 886
Jaffa
198
412
628
Jalazoun 834
Jansen, G.H.
384
534
549
731
732
734
Japan
65
85
145
308
803
Jarring, Gunnar
141
169
Javits, Jacob
455
556
Jenin
362
363
Jericho
890
902
Jerusalem
6
24
26
27
28
34
88
Jewish Agency
224
270
284
296
327
442
Jewish Armed Resistance
349
351
Jewish Defense League
349
351
Jewish National Fund
218
256
264
283
808
Jibshit
857
868
870
Jihad, Abu [al-Wazr
895
906
918
921
Jiryis, Sabri
308
321
512
559
713
Johnson, Lyndon B. 74
Jordan
22
67
98
104
105
107
Judenrat 800
Jumblatt, Kamal
335
430
431
433
526
708
Jumblatt, Wahd
335
430
431
433
526
708
Kach Party 123
Kaddumi, Farouk 931
Kafr Kassem
285
830
Kahan, Yitzhak
10
605
613
621
623
625
Kahane, Meir
123
216
264
Kalandia 830
Kaminker, Sarah
905
934
935
Kapeliouk, Amnon
89
109
120
135
147
162
Kaplan, Seth
234
315
789
Karami, Rashid 609
Karantina
330
333
439
572
605
689
Karmiel
286
321
Karnei, Shomron 602
Kasher, Asa 671
Kaspi, Jawad 868
Kassinga 630
Katznelson, Berl 218
Kempster, Norman
165
170
316
317
497
506
Kennedy, Robert
21
45
74
75
458
551
Kerr, Malcolm 512
Kfar Etzion 197
KGB 634
Khalde
709
710
Khalef, Karim
123
213
Khalidi, Walid
164
177
302
305
321
338
Khan Yunis 194
Khissas 184
Khiyam
333
340
439
444
572
606
Khomeini, Ayatollah
64
528
631
752
770
Kibbutz Artzi 795
Kibbutz Dalya 516
Kibbutz Gesher Haziv 478
Kibbutz Revivim 747
Kifner, John
391
550
554
561
850
852
Kimche, Jon
59
89
98
135
161
165
King-Crane Commission 177
Kinneret 912
Kirkpatrick, Jeane 603
Kiryat Arba
29
273
464
466
911
Kishinev
564
565
566
567
568
621
Kissinger, Henry
65
99
102
132
137
138
Klare, Michael
69
93
Klein, Aliaron
857
880
Kleiner, Michael 929
Knesset
17
25
84
110
123
131
Koch, Edward 806
Koenig, Israel
255
270
Kol, Moshe
268
271
319
561
700
737
Koleilat, Ibrahim 605
Kollek, Teddy
312
904
905
934
938
Koren, Yitzhak 253
Krauthammer, Charles 640
Kreisky, Bruno 507
Kriegel, Annie
500
635
733
Kristol, Irving
849
923
924
936
Krivine, David
293
294
314
322
358
Krupnick, Samson
202
690
Kuneitra 345
Kuttab, Jonathan
309
808
852
Kutz, Gidon
635
733
Kuwait 70
Labor Alignment
6
104
112
119
171
201
Labor Party
25
38
41
42
43
56
58
Labor Party Settlement Plan
884
885
Lahd, General 858
Lahis, Shmuel
296
297
413
830
Laird, Melvin 886
Land of Israel Front, [Hazit Eretz Yisrael] 929
Land Patrol
596
602
Landau Commission 816
Langer, Felicia
314
318
662
Laos 524
Laqueur, Walter
639
924
936
Latin America
71
74
75
88
92
93
207
Lavon, Pinchas
66
84
91
785
786
Law in the Service of Man
804
808
824
League of Nations 113
Lebanese National Front 335
Lebanon
7
8
10
11
19
30
36
37
LEHI, [Stern Gang]
183
184
295
297
298
304
Leibovitz, Yeshayahu
273
657
735
753
Levi, David
35
213
255
311
550
599
Levi, Sasson
35
213
255
311
550
599
Levin, Dov
235
254
729
843
844
Levin, Michael
235
254
729
843
844
Levin, Shlomo
235
254
729
843
844
Lewis, Anthony
31
35
110
161
162
211
Lewis, Flora.
31
35
110
161
162
211
Libya
222
360
547
770
787
869
Lipset, Seymour Martin
94
460
461
642
Litani river
108
292
327
703
Lockman, Zachary
824
934
Lodge, Henry Cabot 63
London
17
38
46
68
94
Lopez Fuentes, Mario 73
Lubavitcher
276
319
434
Lubrani, Uri
770
771
862
863
864
Lucas Garcia, Romeo
92
498
Mack, John 488
MacVeagh, Lincoln 63
Maechling, Charles
74
93
Magen David Adom
517
518
519
Maimoni, Mordechai 510
Makhoul, Najwa 253
Malta 920
Manchuria 300
Mandelbaum, Michael 492
Manila 813
Manor, Yochanan
499
501
502
559
Mansour, Attaflah
332
387
542
852
Mapai
222
312
647
Mapam
71
92
201
236
274
288
Mar Elias 618
Marcos, Imelda 71
Marcus, Yoel
35
170
316
353
354
545
Margalit, Avishai
216
331
541
813
816
850
Margalit, Chaim
216
331
541
813
816
850
Maronite
144
275
327
328
329
330
Maroz, Tamar
223
312
Massada 537
Mavromichalis, Petros 62
McCloskey, Robert J. 495
McDowell, David 697
McNamara, Robert 758
Meese, Edwin 375
Meged, Aharon
280
554
Meir, Golda
56
89
110
112
115
136
Meir, Yehuda
56
89
110
112
115
136
Mekorot 911
Meron, Michal
203
226
251
310
313
314
Metullah 333
Mexico
208
648
926
937
Miari, Mohammed 843
Michael, B.
13
45
69
90
91
93
153
Middle East Multilateral Peace Talks 912
Milhem, Muhammed 127
Milshtein, Uri
184
304
735
806
Milson, Menachem
52
81
121
123
124
125
Mitzna, Amram 795
Miya Miya
695
696
697
Mobutu, Joseph-Desire
67
71
91
Mofaz, David
236
239
Mollet, Guy 293
Monge, Luis Alberto 73
Monroe Doctrine
15
885
928
Moorer, Thomas H. 85
Mordechai, Yitzhak
110
169
293
305
323
359
Moreh, Elon
123
825
827
Morgan, Frederick
93
179
302
550
Morgenthau, Hans 189
Moro, Aldo 445
Morris, Paul
180
304
317
456
495
542
Morris, Roger
180
304
317
456
495
542
Mortimer, Edward
338
542
547
Moshav
256
257
752
Moskin, Robert
190
306
Moslem
292
373
431
459
485
605
Mossad
22
87
445
632
678
771
Mourabitoun
605
623
Moyne, [Lord]
297
350
Moynihan, Daniel P.
214
379
Mussawi, Sheikh Abbas
857
869
Mussolini, Benito 177
Mylai massacre 692
Nabatiye
334
406
504
856
870
Nablus
121
123
213
246
247
310
NAFTA, [North American Free Trade Agreement] 937
Nahariya
405
608
Namibia
214
498
630
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
35
66
130
135
192
193
Nasser, Hanna
35
66
130
135
192
193
Nasser, Muhammad
35
66
130
135
192
193
Nasser, Yasir
35
66
130
135
192
193
NATO 367
Natour, Salman 255
Navon, Yitzhak
440
763
Nazareth
218
255
469
817
NBC
347
433
489
490
491
Negbi, Moshe
794
848
Negev
291
596
832
842
Nekudah
123
279
313
900
Netanya
211
350
Netanyahu, Benjamin
25
31
32
35
925
929
New Left
34
81
94
215
271
272
New Republic
45
70
92
133
146
147
New York
14
29
32
34
42
45
46
Nicaragua
57
73
75
214
437
853
Nicholson, Mark
856
880
Nidal, Abun
156
349
350
866
Nimrodi, Jacob 771
Nisan, Mordechai
305
747
750
751
788
Nixon, Richard
132
137
138
727
753
886
Nobel Committee 655
Normandy 456
North Africa 65
Norway
444
885
Nossiter, Bernard
79
87
311
545
550
731
Novick, Ivan
119
168
Obeid, Sheikh
857
868
Ofakim 926
Ofer, Avraham 201
Olmert, Ehud 904
Operation Accountability
862
877
Operation Grapes of Wrath 877
Operation Peace for Galilee
574
608
866
Opium Wars 118
Orwell, George
81
134
146
199
219
423
Oxfam
353
382
388
487
697
Oz, Amos
13
85
94
171
282
283
Ozanne, Julian
864
881
935
Pace, Eric
147
169
Pail, Meir
56
89
285
293
305
369
Pakistan
326
336
541
721
755
Palestinian National Authority 895
Palestinian National Council 141
Palestinian National Covenant 142
Palmach
184
298
304
771
Paris peace agreement 132
Pat, Gidon 68
Pathet Lao 525
Peace for Galilee
7
9
70
134
323
350
380
Peace Now
154
216
223
227
236
242
Peled, Mattityahu
51
69
78
88
142
154
Pennsylvania 831
Pentagon Papers
76
493
520
Percy, Charles 49
Peres, Shimon
24
26
27
32
119
152
Peretz, Martin
13
235
315
352
353
354
Perle, Richard
759
789
Perlmutter, Amos
45
56
59
89
162
166
Perlmutter, Nathan
45
56
59
89
162
166
Perlmutter, Ruth
45
56
59
89
162
166
Pertini, Sandro 445
Phalange
7
41
329
330
331
332
Philippines
498
907
Phnom Penh
19
400
PLO, [Palestine Liberation Organization]
6
7
12
13
19
36
38
57
Podhoretz, Norman
467
495
557
654
735
Pol Pot
19
400
Poland
54
191
237
243
275
671
Porat, Tirza
734
825
826
828
Porath, Yehoshua
162
302
355
357
451
545
Port Said 292
POUM
423
554
Powers, Charles
420
554
785
933
935
Progressive List for Peace 843
Pryce-Jones, David
161
165
296
322
365
527
Qabatiya
835
836
Qaddafi, Muammar 370
Qana 877
Qibya
187
324
649
650
651
652
Quandt, William
428
789
881
Rabin, Yitzhak
26
27
31
32
55
68
109
Rafah 194
Rafiach, Zvi 268
Rahman, Ahmed Abdel
82
587
Rahman, Hassan
82
587
Rakah
233
244
444
Ramallah
123
130
213
230
251
257
Ramallah League 130
Ramat Gan
184
816
Ramle 285
Rankin, Karl 63
Rashidiye
469
869
Reagan Peace Plan 204
Reagan, Ronald
6
9
45
49
54
73
75
Red Brigades 445
Red Crescent
399
506
666
712
713
Red Cross, [ICRC]
78
83
305
387
392
393
Reinhart, Tanya
901
934
937
Rejection Front
140
141
360
Report on Israeli Settlement
34
35
897
933
934
938
Rhodesia
68
898
Richardson, David
164
247
249
310
311
315
Rio Sumpul 631
Rios Montt, El rain
73
88
92
498
Rivlis, Ezra 201
Robeson, Paul Jr. 488
Roche, John 492
Rogers Plan
102
136
Rogers, William
102
135
553
Rom, Yosef 521
Romania 907
Ron, Imri
112
399
415
Roosevelt, Theodore
180
181
312
923
936
Rosenthal, Jack
548
842
853
Ross, Dennis 919
Rousseau, Jean Jacques 810
Rubinstein, Anmon
124
125
127
130
164
216
Rubinstein, Danny
124
125
127
130
164
216
Ruppin, Arthur 805
Russia
16
64
256
303
566
567
Rydbeck, Olof 391
Sabra and Shatila
41
329
350
394
412
438
Sadat, Anwar
6
110
135
136
137
138
Safire, William 890
Safran, Nadav
48
87
90
94
Said, Edward
14
82
93
156
302
318
Said, Issam Abdul Halim Mohammad
14
82
93
156
302
318
Said, Yossi
14
82
93
156
302
318
Salah, Abdullah
136
247
Salam, Saeb
432
526
605
609
614
724
Saleh, Mousa
825
826
828
Salfit
822
824
Salpeter, Eliahu
275
319
547
788
Saltsburg 831
Samid
262
263
264
265
266
Sandier, Shmuel 311
Santa Monica City Council 461
Sarkis, Elias
430
431
433
574
616
Sartawi, Issam
156
157
172
173
671
Sartre, Jean-Paul
271
272
Sassoon, Vidal 464
Saudi Arabia
18
23
61
65
137
139
Saunders, Harold
146
580
582
SAVAK 770
Savir, Moshe 576
Savitch, Jessica 490
Schiff, Ze'ev
123
320
323
347
348
359
Schofield, Hugh 837
Schwartz, Yigal
559
805
Sciolino, Elaine
865
881
882
919
920
936
Seeger, Pete 488
Segev, Shmuel
172
285
386
549
708
739
Segev, Tom
172
285
386
549
708
739
Selassie, Haile 67
Ser, Moshe 602
Shadid, Mohammad 247
Shadmi, Issachar 286
Shafi, Haidar Abdul 893
Shafiqul-Islam, Dr. 402
Shahak, Israel
34
40
82
92
219
258
Shaham, David
345
544
Shaked, Ronny
906
935
Shalev, Meir
857
880
Shamir, Yitzhak
71
152
183
297
360
375
Shamma, Amal
395
551
Shamseh, Mousa Saleh Bani 825
Shannon, William
456
457
458
Shapira, Elisha
200
298
795
Shapira, Moshe
200
298
795
Sharett, Moshe
90
155
172
174
218
285
Sharir, Avraham 805
Sharm el-Sheikh
198
199
Sharon Plan
884
885
889
Sharon, Ariel
26
41
52
72
75
79
81
Sharon, Moshe
26
41
52
72
75
79
81
Shawa, Rashad
120
133
362
364
365
366
Sheean, Vincent
129
164
177
805
Shehadeh, Raja
262
263
266
309
804
835
Shiite
16
17
340
405
430
433
Shimoni, Uzi
210
310
Shin Bet
123
835
Shinui Party 793
Shiqaqi, Fahi
920
921
Shmelzman, Shlomo
446
555
Shohet, Orit
808
850
Shomron, Dan
602
825
852
Shostak, Eliezer 502
Shtaura accord 338
Shultz, George P.
117
246
370
461
547
718
Sidon
333
383
384
387
388
390
Sinai
7
67
107
109
110
131
Sivan, Emmanuel 807
Sneh, Ephraim
877
882
Soares, Mario 571
Socialist International
119
156
163
173
335
551
Society of St. Yves
905
935
Solarz, Stephen 360
Somoza, Anastasio
57
73
75
437
Sourani, Raji 899
South America 68
South Korea
66
813
850
South Lebanon
323
340
552
553
717
858
Soweto 810
Speakes, Larry 658
Sri Lanka 803
Stalin, Joseph
56
64
530
639
State Department, US
29
50
61
76
137
138
Stauffer, Thomas
87
107
161
162
Sterling, Lord 913
Straits of Tiran 192
Sudan 370
Suez Canal
150
200
323
Sullivan, William 771
Summers, Harry G. 493
Sunni
430
526
606
690
707
769
Supreme Islamic Council of Jerusalem 363
Supreme Rabbinical Council of Israel 277
Swidan, Samir 870
Swiss League for the Rights of Man 234
Syria
7
17
18
24
98
114
139
Szold, Henrietta 805
Taflak, Samir Ghazal 123
Taibeh 673
Taiwan
68
75
784
813
Tamir, Avraham 717
Tawil, Ibrahim
213
309
Teheran
24
772
864
Tekoah 751
Tel al-Zaatar
329
330
333
335
365
439
Tel Aviv
21
46
88
92
106
146
Tet offensive 492
Thailand 907
Thomas, Friedman
45
70
85
87
89
93
107
Tiberias
225
313
Tillman, Seth
54
56
88
89
100
143
Toledano, Shmuel 933
Tolstoy, Lao 566
Torczyner, Jacques 55
Tripoli
714
856
Truman Doctrine
62
64
Truman, Harry
62
64
180
184
313
753
Tsidkoni, Danny
231
314
600
Tsur, Yehuda
610
730
Tuchman, Barbara
455
556
657
Tucker, Robert W.
36
45
367
467
475
530
Tueni, Ghassan
424
425
426
427
428
554
Tulkarm 364
Tunis
172
817
918
Turkey
17
21
67
279
767
887
Tyre
334
341
342
346
381
386
U.S. Liberty
84
758
Ubaydiya 911
Uganda
67
771
Um-el-Faham 469
Ummar, Beit 824
UN resolutions
135
158
616
861
891
UNICEF
254
392
415
532
UNIFIL
704
857
868
United National Leadership 820
United Nations
48
78
183
191
214
306
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, t
796
848
914
932
UNRRA
179
391
Usher, Graham
35
899
914
933
934
935
Ushpizai, Moshe Ben-Zion 278
USSR
20
44
55
60
62
64
67
Valdman, Elazar
279
280
Vance, Cyrus
120
772
Veliotes, Nicholas
579
727
783
Vienna
157
312
Vientiane 524
Vietnam
41
56
74
80
93
132
326
Village Leagues
122
124
125
127
128
130
Vilnai, Matan
793
795
Viorst, Milton
659
660
661
662
736
Vromen, Michael 862
Wafa
500
501
505
521
635
Walzer, Michael !
13
161
191
192
219
254
Warsaw Ghetto
446
537
800
849
Washington, George
8
11
16
17
34
38
45
Watergate 137
Wazzan, Shafik
429
431
432
433
614
702
Weinberger, Caspar
376
377
722
Weitz, Josef
218
450
556
Weitz, Raanan
218
450
556
Weizmann, Chaim
114
115
129
158
171
192
Weizmann, Ezer
114
115
129
158
171
192
West Bank
6
26
40
52
53
67
88
West Jerusalem
813
905
906
Wiesel, Elie
59
60
89
208
209
240
Wieseltier, Leon
36
45
546
Wilson, Pete
177
309
466
928
Wilson, Woodrow
177
309
466
928
Winter, Elmer
35
87
162
167
309
310
Wirthlin, Richard 480
Wise, Stephen 182
Wisse, Ruth
924
936
Witten, Edward
136
165
Wolf, Arnold
206
310
385
562
655
657
Wolf, Danny
206
310
385
562
655
657
World Vision International 392
World Zionist Organization
55
99
142
188
388
413
Worldview
761
789
Worsnip, Patrick 431
Wye Memorandum
26
28
29
35
Yaakovi, Gad 68
Yamit
200
202
211
344
345
348
Yaniv, Avner 868
Yariv, Aharon
219
380
497
548
559
Yaron, Amos
620
621
625
626
683
687
Yavneh 253
Yegar, Moshe
497
499
502
559
Yehoshua, AB.
162
355
545
572
656
666
Yemen 275
Yesha Council 900
Yifrah, Shimon
792
793
828
Yinon, Oded
767
768
769
770
774
789
Yirmiah, Dov
46
413
414
415
416
417
Yoffe, Avraham 596
Zaire
67
71
214
437
Zimbabwe 68
Zionist Organization of America
55
119
149
Zipori, Mordechai 623
Zuabi, Saif ad-din
134
165
Zuaiter, Wael 444
Zucker, Dedi
794
833
Zuckerman, Yitzhak [Antek]
800
849