Famine in the Premodern World (1300-1800): Socio-Natural Entanglements in Past Societies 9783319543413, 9783319543376, 3319543415

Table of contents :
Contents......Page 5
Introduction......Page 7
Abstract......Page 8
Antagonisms......Page 10
Entanglements......Page 12
Famine as Boundary Object......Page 14
Famines During the Little Ice Age (1300–1800)......Page 15
References......Page 19
Interdisciplinary Approaches......Page 22
Abstract......Page 23
References......Page 41
Introduction......Page 46
Indirect Sources of Subsistence Crises......Page 48
Tree-Ring Evidence on Climate and Harvest Fluctuations......Page 50
Proxies of Population and Food Supply......Page 52
Climate, Frost and Crop Failure......Page 54
The Little Ice Age and Frequency of Crop Failures......Page 55
Man-Made Proxies of Food Crises......Page 57
Identifying and Quantifying Famines from Proxy Data?......Page 61
Summary......Page 63
Appendix......Page 64
Printed Sources and Literature......Page 66
Socionatural Entanglements......Page 70
Introduction......Page 71
Subsistence Crises During the Little Ice Age: Definitions, Approaches and Factors......Page 72
The Crisis at the Beginning of the 1480s......Page 75
The Crisis at the End of the 1480s and at the Beginning of the 1490s......Page 82
Conclusion......Page 88
Printed Sources......Page 89
Literature......Page 90
Abstract......Page 93
Introduction......Page 94
Documentary Data......Page 95
The Famine of the 1280s......Page 98
The Famine of the Second Decade of the Fourteenth Century......Page 101
The Famine of the 1430s......Page 104
Conclusions......Page 109
References......Page 110
Abstract......Page 117
The SRSR Grain System Before the ‘Little Ice Age’......Page 120
The ‘Little Ice Age’ and the Collapse of the SRSR System......Page 123
References......Page 129
Coping......Page 132
Introduction......Page 133
Competing Concepts......Page 135
Multifactorial Models......Page 136
Pictorial Sources......Page 137
Serial Material......Page 139
Integrative Approaches......Page 140
Literature......Page 141
Abstract......Page 148
Italian Famines, 1400–1700: An Overview......Page 149
Advanced (Pre-modern) Economies Facing Famine: The Case of the 1590s......Page 154
The Republic of Genoa......Page 155
Duchy of Ferrara......Page 158
Conclusion: Agrarian Innovation and the (Quasi-)End of Famine......Page 163
References......Page 165
Introduction......Page 169
Berkel and Its Poor Relief System......Page 173
The Crisis of the Late 1590s......Page 177
The Crisis of the Late 1690s......Page 181
References......Page 188
Abstract......Page 192
Poverty, Hunger, Work and the Will to School the Children......Page 195
The Pastors’ View of the Famine as a Divine Punishment......Page 196
Perceptions of the Famine and Coping Strategies Within the Ruling Elite of the City-State......Page 198
Educationalizing Hunger—Symbolic Actions or Fundamental Change?......Page 201
Literature......Page 203
Perceiving and Remembering......Page 206
Abstract......Page 207
Were the Franks Threatened by Natural Hazards?......Page 209
Nature and Culture—A Brief Introduction......Page 211
The Famine of 779 in Carolingian Sources......Page 212
Resilience or Vulnerability?......Page 218
Strategic Gaps in the Record?......Page 220
Primary Sources......Page 222
Secondary Works......Page 223
Abstract......Page 227
The Performative Medium......Page 230
The Visual Medium......Page 236
The Medial Transposition of the Parade......Page 242
Communicating Closure......Page 245
References......Page 246
Manuscripts......Page 248
Pictures......Page 249
Abstract......Page 251
Hunger in Ancient Egypt......Page 252
Hunger During the Little Ice Age......Page 254
Turning Point—French Revolution......Page 255
Tambora and the “Year Without Summer”......Page 258
Irish Famine......Page 260
Sahel—A Man-Made Hunger Catastrophe?......Page 262
The Material Culture of Hunger......Page 263
References......Page 264