Fac-similes of the miniatures & ornaments of Anglo-Saxon & Irish manuscripts

Citation preview

LIBRARY Bngham Young

r^.

University

RARE BOOK COLLECTION Rare f095

W529f 1868

$lfj

^7

ijkiix

FAC- SI MILES OF THE

MINIATURES & ORNAMENTS OF

ANGLO-SAXON & IRISH

MANUSCRIPTS EXECUTED BY

J. 0.

WESTWOOD. M.A.

DRAWN ON STONE BY

W.

R.TYMMS.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHED BY DAY AND

SON.LIMITED.

LONDON. BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY MDCCCLXVIII.

FACSIMILES

MINIATURES AND ORNAMENTS ANGLO-SAXON AND IRISH MANUSCRIPTS

" Scribtori

Videnti salute;

felicitas

Amen

vita

Legenti pax

eterna;

Habenti

perennis;

Do

gracias

;

Ora

perpetua; cu

possessio

pro

mi

I)

;

tecum. i

fREVES,

fol.

i

IXTKOI.

MIRABLE As VRE THE SCULPTURED PROpUCTIONS OF GREECE AND ROME, WD exquisite

Herculaneum and artistic

as

are

Pompeii,

by the

chisel

amongst

whom

wanting

is

human

or the pencil, or of depicting

excessive

nevertheless

elaboration

frequently

state

artificial

of ornamental

arranged

so

which might scarcely he supposed

elaborate

productions of the

power

this

and

Is;

of

as

to

afford

fine

and

which

possible,

to

The work now chapter of

Roman age"

This element

is

precisely

of the

this

effects

often,

which

peculiarity

the East,

in

renders Irish

manner

a

in

indeed, seem

minute

Anglo-Saxon and

early

ci

exceedingly minute, but

broad

from

effects

form, either

to

as

but

to

be

and the instances

well-ai

the

study

schools so

of

the

interesting

Art-student.

the

first

human

necessarily the result

is

India an,! China

excellent

of the

in

works of more highly the

of society. often

wall-paintings

an clement

is

South-Sea [slanders, may be referred

producing

relics

it

Manuscripts and other

the

the

in

events,

details,

the result of accident rather than of design.

of

of

power of representing

the

of careful study and of a highly the

designs

musl be admitted that there

productions of ruder tribes which

Cultivated nations,

in

ornamental

the

it

a

occupation

of

scarcely

be

will

submitted

History

Great

the

to

the

Fine

Britain

to

of

supposed

Arts

any

opportunity

intricacy of

ve

graphia

sacra

had

been

pictoria"

1S43-5,

in

regarded

kingdom,

To

conquest.

such

for

as

a

constituting

extending

of judging

MSS„

Irish

this

and

the

plates

were

the the

"dark indeed,

Humphreys,

marvellous

beauty and

the publication of

until

many

which

in

of

from

many,

history;

by Struct, Astle, Shaw, and

afforded

Anglo-Saxon and

be

this

materials

with the exception of a very few exampl scarcely

in

Norman

the

afford

to

may

public

"

my

devoted

Paheo-

to

these

marvels of Art. If

the

earliest

Manuscripts of Greece

—of

which the splendid work

will

be

at

once

whole volume

seen

that,

very slightly, larger than the

being

written

red

in

Silvcstre

until

uniform-sized

in

of

the

rest,

letters;

and

which instances are of the greatest text,

executed

rarely,

if

in

ever,

MSS.

executed

words

of

the

body-colours,

occupying in

these

chief

and

entire

the

of

first

the

still

so

many

century, initial

volume

intercalated

On

of which

into

the

we

volumes

was

it

lines

existence

the

examined

examples,—it

custom

to at

pages hand,

with

of

the

or

but

of the in

the

drawings,

a

of

of the

proper

places.

their

earliest

gigantic

by

subjects

of

any knowledge, have the

written

write all,

being only distinguished

ornamented

the

be

entire-paged

illustrations

other

have

in

being plam, and not

was

they were

rarity,

the

Italy

two or three

first

if

pages.

islands

divisions

eighth

the

letters,

and

contains

size,

b

the

fine

first

few

,

—

IX IK. a

which

are

ornamental

with

filled

occupy whole pages, and are sometimes addition

In

proved

that,

ind

Grei

from

the

Ital)

in

namely,

originated,

to

these

and

e,

absolutel)

having

been

adopted

and

in

visited

by

or

established

numerous

by

the schools

this

Mr.

subject,

"in

observes,

that

whole

range

palaeography offers

..I"

produced, the

'Book ill

of

of

Kclls.'

Of

without

some

of

ever

Rouen, Boulogne,

St.

Darmstadt. Carlsruhe,

undei

contribution lor materials. In

an

a

memoir

employed the

have

on

entered

illustrated

Celtic

line

pa

p

at

of the

British,

most

-md.

had

perfection

these

in

missionaries,

was

mon

the

in

—

I

and which,

world,

became

or

most

the

some of

the

ented

in

been

Character of

this

modifications their exclusive

the of

Ow,„

historical

work;

Simply by the use of

By simple

lines,

3rd.

B)

the

step-like

4th.

By

the

Chinese

5th.

By

interlaced

dots,

straight

tin

angulated pattern. like

ribbon

Z

pattern.

in

for

hours

From

this

the libraries

Dublin,

Paris,

Peters-

St.

more or

less,

Artists."

which

laid

published

I

Institute."

in

1853,

"Grammar

of

Oman

bearing

on the

subject,

by our native

employment of each of them.

generally

broke ^^wi,

did.

I

1

the

all,

Various Styles of Ornamenta-

Irish

ornamentation adopted

or curved.

but

Salisbury,

ago,

jreai

them

whilst

examined and.

Jon, is

[acts

the ,m,\

Stockholm, Utrecht,

"Journal of the Archaeological in

copy,

living

MSS.,

interlacement."

Lichfield,

Anglo-Saxon, and

ornament, published

to

pages as

of

execution,

Irish

Dublin

attempted

irregular

earl)

marvellous

in

most

I

faultless

These

ornament are formed. 1st.

Europe

of

accomplished

hut these

to

When the

Durham,

Munich. &C, have

some length on

to

the

Rome. Copenhagen,

the distinctiw

earl)

the various

reference ol

"On

by the

toth volume

article

of

civilized

after-ages,

minute

Westwood examined I

Milan,

Gall,

of

and

England.

in

.Mr.

detei

burg,

tion

in

comparable

very carefully

London, Lambeth, Oxford. Cambridge,

of

state

Anglo-Saxon

which,

ornaments of which

the

dinary volume four entin

in

nothing

style,

studying

very work,

this

of handling

delicacy

same

the

in

opportunitj

despair.

of

Digby Wyatt, one

artists,

had

many

incontestably

Art

of

style

Charlemagne, and

bj

lias

other parts a

the

of

and

Irish

founded

former,

the

marvellous

of any other part

that

—

also

have been almost extinct

to in

century,

illuminations

ornament alone.

works

these

existed

eighth

most

a

of

the

intricate

be said

have

to

whilst ol

learning.

>l

On

abroad

imitated

to

study

ma)

arl

the

ol

brought from

distinct

carried

icarcel)

end

thi

and

cultivated,

islands,

the pictorial

indeed

to

fifth

iposed

the

peculiarities,

when

period

a

at

details;

entirel;

different coloured

inks,

and

and

artists,

different

in

have with

kinds

V

6th.

By

interlaced

7th.

By

the

zoomorphic patterns

and

;

which

patterns,

spiral

various

are

In

l>\

most

the

of

characteristic

the

whole* therefore

shall

I

shies

peculiar

and which are so extensively

To

confine mysell to the question of the

illustrated

or earlier date, has ever been

may be

ition

mentioned,

work,

of this

manuscripts, stone monuments.

in

and chasings of the precious metals) these systems of ornamentation had

Byzantium, where nothing analogous

in

plates

the

in

of these

origin

two memoirs above

the

in

suppose that (occurring, as they do, abundantly

ivory carvings, origin

place

this

in

ornament which are described

of

seen,

is,

in

any of these materials, of

must he allowed, somewhat

it

Rome, from whence

applied also to

The same

illogical.

has been affirmed

it

their

contemporary

a

only that

not

the early artists of these islands derived their inspiration, hut that even one of the finest of

had been brought from

the Irish crosses

&c,

especially

I

my

directed

Italy

attention

many

well

the

as

to

especially the

shown

to

our

in

spiral

it

Irish

This

fact,

which

that

in

are,

all

in

consider

to allow us to

importance

Ireland.

the

to

of

styles

assert

th

it

vain

monument

which

which cannot be

the sculptured

earliest ol

On

the

that

them

to

other hand,

" Britain

to

taught

our

British

MSS

Th«

same

well as the

the),

satisfactorily

ineuh.it

of

more

writ

be

as a

peculiar style his

were taken over

the

meeting,

Febnjaiy

9th,

185J

["hey

ar

Roman

of scription

and

"that although

statement, to

appears

the style originated

Rock, from

Dr.

1

numerous

entirely without foundation,

affirm

Ireland

dab

recent

the

Ireland,

Irish

rim

'

theii

or

and

Christian stones of style

ano

at

I

work's

some of our missim

throw doubt upon the assertion that

to

and

;

earliest

no

in

Irish

Ro

to

in

of our

be produced

probabi

peculiarit)

important

can

by no means capable of proof; whilst

beautiful samples ol

Academy,

now venture

especially

together with the traditions of the early British Church, which are too

ornament," appears

•

I

frequent visits

peculiar

by

possible,

if

Anglo-Saxon and

our

however, was

search,

the

same system of ornamentation, as

point of view, has done,

some

My that

by

seen

Rome, Ravenna,

to

question,

some of which,

Art,

made even

ninth century

the

to

may be observed

be of sufficient

exclusively

and

islands,

of this

pattern, are introduced, the execution of

manuscripts,

and too probable to

convinced

have been dependent on the teaching

xhibit the

the

own

have

Hast.

the

of

ever

of a date previous

been

have

recorded to

arc

Holy Places

were elaborated relic

doubtless

whom

of

home more than

returned

Art

must

Mosaics,

earliest

pilgrims, so

a recent visit

solution

Early Christian

a careful study of the existing remains of the

During

1

the

to

too

have

marked with

tl

.!i

made any

progress

must

considered

be

That

disprove.

from the

respect

The

with

of

these

applied

Northmen

;

great

special

rise

name

of

in

not

visit

on

these

invariably like

Of

no

in

b)

of

even

and

truly

idea

or Anglo-

Irish

be admitted, when we recollect our native Arts had been

after

was from

kingdom

this

that

Roeskilde, having been

at

is

it

be observed,

to

monumental stones of Scandinavia exhibit

inter-

the

earliest

Swedish churches, we

Anglo-Saxon ornaments; namely, the Z-pattern

spiral

patterns,

but

;

will

it

equal

and

Lund, was also founded by

heads of laccrtine animals, and interlaced patterns

the

..I

at

Moreover,

that

many

indeed,

be

instances are given

at

once observed that

size,

connected

Irish

and Anglo-Saxon works, the

the

as

spires

in

Copenhagen, both of the Bronze

at

to

are

together

like

form diapers; connected

in

the

all

these

letter

X;

spirals arc

the whorls

that

together

by

being

O.

bj

ornamentation

Wol

ornament was if

these

it

century'.

but extend over wider surfaces, so

the letter

in

indis-

Church of Sweden,

Worsaae

sizes,

peculiar

stones

that

Church of Denmark,

most characteristic of the

of different

the

Bishop William, an Anglo-Saxon, confessor of Canute

Of

and

popular

the

to

that

of

many carved

Runic knotwork has been

long

till

hand,

Danish Collection of Antiquities

the later metal-work

style or.

whilst

differed

and elaborately ornamented

uninscribed

caned woodwork of

ornament.

examples are also given peculiar

islands

characteristic

consecutive the

all

the

to

other

the

the mother

the

in

more

published

are

not consecutive,

1

questioned;

originator

are

inscriptions,

only a popular fallacy will

is

and,

extent the

spiral

ages,

whorls

whereas

are

given

the

Metropolitan

the plates of the great

the

has

as

the

there

and

numerous ornamented

the

never meet with

and Iron

sufficiently

the styles of ornamentation

in

as

That

MSS.,

ribbons, often terminating in

the

regarded

the early part of the eleventh

in

although

he

to

origin,

this

the

whilst

Englishmen

or

be

Church

British

the

eleventh century by

the

occur to a

cannot

early

Runic

tianized,

it;

laced

Augustine

the

bearing

as

diil

Standi,,

that

St.

tli.it

well

perfection

to

in

278)

875,

pp,

will

as the source from

well

fact

accounts for the identity

t

That

Saxon remains. the

i.

work

of there being a church

although the

islands

Scandinavian

of

criminately

that

as

itself,

:

few remarks.

hut

merit

same designs

are

brought

Bede,

Scandinavia

of

styles

parts

the

latter

coming of

the

sufficiently

Irish,

claims

Hiberno-Saxon different

of this

both parts of the kingdom.

in

I

of our Fathers,

plates

event

that

since

a quastio vexata

Venerable

of

rtion

and which the

difficulty,

still

is

previous to

Ion.;

in

.

the

of

was derived,

it

of illuminating" (Church

art

erroneous,

as

both islands these arts followed the introduction of Christianity scarcely

in

Hon which

the

in

that

were

independent of Scandinavia

tai

rather

not

the

I

which interlaced animals occur, of which

in

am

justified

borrowed

by

the

case,

its

origin

think

I

that

in

considering

Northmen in

this

from

that

this

the

country was entirely

INTR0D1

There

is

however,

still,

VII

Roman

of

class

a

with which the early native artists of Britain, at

and

may be

which

assumed

haw

to

Art-work

them

been acqu

originating

in

country

this

in

must surely have

least,

influenced

executed

their

peculiarly

ornamented volumes, and especially the great decorated pages opposite the commencement of the Gospels.

and

Here we

some we even

in

Roman

allude to the

I

exist in this country.

tessellated pavements, of which, even

great masses of

find

very peculiar pattern, consisting of a series of interlaced circles,

some of

the

(Cuming,

pi.

of this

f.

pattern,

formed

of

other.

These

i

we

see

and

is

evident

Ballaugh

at

that

the

{ibid.,

however, comparatively

are,

alternately

has been met with

such

a

between

difference

total

lead

to

them,

the

being

latter

doubt whether the

to

us

so

borne

be

pavements as

It

an

mind

in

the

that

none

Irish

which

exceedingly

so

are

Anglo-Saxon

later

MSS.

however, only the

not,

is

century

artists

developed,

and national

but which

made

cannot of

idea

perhaps be denied peculiar

this

in

executed

schools

the

in

these

in

characteristic

and

had

as

in

the

must,

It

Roman

the

Romans

the

never

old

interlaced

If

we

of Tours,

"

SS. .Ethclwold and

of

of a very gorgeous

—

Louvre,

given,

in

MSS.

the great

such,

we his

very

is

is

it

although

such an

cannot

it

extent

be

to earn

as

the

since

Dunstan,

character, frei

of the preceding

feeling

for

instance,

executed

as

the

in

I

style,

is

applied.

doubted for

the ninth century in

in

Bible

at

the

Basilica

Walls of Rome, or the Bible of Count Vivien, written the

foliage

to

style,

it

the

that

that

name

its

of

on the Continent.

look at

&c,

their

in

was from the Frankish schools of Art

it

derived, to

previous

islands

distinct

which conventional

in

that

was

style

country was carried

this

Opus Anglicum

has

accordance with the

in

still,

elaboration

at

scrolls.

have

intertwine with the framework of the pictures round which

to It

the

spiral

not

the

obtained

which we look

in

where, indeed

Ireland,

of ornamentation

style

which gold was profusely introduced, and

"

could

artists

in

exist

whilst

MSS.

the

Hibemo-Saxon works, such

designs of the

characteristic

their models, since

equally distinct

the

if

their feet.

tenth

the

thai

Again,

intricate,

artists of

zoomorphic patterns, the Chinese-like Z-pattern, or the

moreover,

set

more

the other

interlaced

MSS.

the

more than a general idea of ornamentation from these pavements, for

each

must be added

it

in

chains,

over

interlapping

compare even the interlacements of the pavements with those of the MSS.,

former are so simple, as

vain

Michael

two interlinked

represent

to

bar,

Kirk

at

g.,

e.

studying the various examples

monuments; and

late

an ornament

On

2b).

single

a

Man;

of

Isle f.

intended

is

it

by

together

united

instance of such

not a single carefully

a)

it

circles

we

Cumberland and

of

crosses i,

one

whilst

:

reproduced on

precisely

is

many

so

still,

compartments,

in

geometrically arranged

ribbon-patterns

interlaced

see

ornament arranged

find a

45th

great

plate

of

variety

of classical

Paintings,

not

foliated

fewer

for

of

seventy

Paul

beyond

le

Chauve, now

thus

D'Agincourt

Charles

designs:

than

the monasteries

St.

different

d

patterns

vui

!

*

of

borders

thi

Bald,

from

anything found

models can

able

or

tenth

borders

f

ornamental

borders

of

Since

ornamentation

"

carved

my

of

Annals of

main

them

to

Prankish

the

the

still

being

school,

the

which

in

feature.

pictoria,"

or

investigated

only

here

can

I

at

compared with the grand

approach

sacra

been

has

between

then fashion-

the

however,

look,

be

can

of

" PaIa_*ographia

Art-works

early

we

If

diptychs

ivory

between

marriages

works of Art, executed during the

nearest

the

Charlemagne and

disseminating on the Continent the

in

nothing which books,

unlike

intercourse

England

into

I

derived from classical

royal

various

artists.

or early Capetian

whose writings

to

the

introduced, and, indeed, forms the

is

Prehistoric

on

or

quite

scrolls

between

intercourse

assisted

it

find

shall

and

these were

introduced

necessarily

£thelwold

the

our

of

authors,

1

we the

publication

the

foliage

that

great

Hiberno-Saxon

the

century,

ornamental

conventional foliage

for

oi

manner, the equally great

like

ornament, whilst of

style

the

Charlemagne

either

composed

consequent

specimens of Carlovingian

existing

ninth

of each,* almost

of Prankish

idmired

In

Courts,

English

members

style

when

remembered.

and

executed

arc

two,

Hiberno-Saxon books; and

our

is

Prankish

different

save

scarcely be doubted, i

the

which,

in

volume,

former

the

of

all

now.

refer

the

the Royal

Irish

the

character of the

commented upon by

student.

Si f

Academy,

at their meeting,

February

1

II

'\

DlGUY H.

i

\\"v 11

"

i

Art •(

H

N

Matin:

r

"ThcArtof

-."and

[II

ESS.," Pari

8va,

large

p.

11

;..

in

13.

Cli.

Mathieu."

Paris,

volume.

Kunstwerkc

Article

Denis et

;

lam

1862, "

Illuminating and Missal Painting."

143 pp., with

I

chron.l

WaAOBK.

roues of Ireland."

llhmii"..

!

l

i I

I

i

i

Paris,''

id

the Kunstblatt,

n.

No.

iS

March.

134,

i

iS^o,

241

iii.

translated

also • Treasures of

;

in

the

Ulster

Art

in

England

;"

and

Journal of

306.

nnd Schrifizugc

:

Antiq.

Ztir.

Sot.,

vol.

den

in

Irischer Manuscripten

1851, translated, with

vii.,

Notes,

by

itfaeken," in

Dr.

ReCVCS,

in

Ulster Journal of

found on Ancient Sculptured

the early Interlaced

1

Trans.

A rcltttology,

Simms-t

Ap|H

vols,

2

folio,

published

he

ihumental

1

Remain,

Pvktom

In

with

which

Thus 1

as

render

to

possible,

I

am

Elhelwulf. wife,

b)

the

Spalding

acquainted,

the

father

work

this

added

have

I

which

of

of Alfred,

Club.

I

St* especially

the

monograph

of

not

all

been

of

Anglo-Saxon and

ornamented

the able

to

give

are proofs of this intercommunication.

ITU

1857.

iera."

complete a

have

4to.,

manuscripts

fac-similes,

The

1

tphia sacra."

rmany,

1

and

the

married

the

1 1 :

erof King Athelstan. both

and

historical details

dan

Judith,

hit

Oiho

as

descriptions

in."

ol

...

order

Art

Alfred

i

1

Irish

*

[land,"

I"

Cumii C.

'

'i

1

in

1

+

Mi

lamentation

1

Booh and

ills

their victims,

is

within Which the natives immolated

ingenious, but scarcely tenable.

ICTI0N.

moreover,

have,

Appendix,

an

given

contemp

containing

Art executed

of

these

in

serve to illustrate, in a remarkable manner, cases referred to any

all

whereby the

authors,

may

although he

Hiberno-Saxon

The grand

Bible

Humphreys,

(see

Pans

MSS.

or

but

"

very few

which

has

furnished

of conventional in

our

made

with

under

my

but

enabled

figures of

&c., which

have also

I

the works

in

examine the

to

in

of other d

initials.

of several

and

works

the sacra

account

of

arising

peculiarity,

its

of which

scarcely any other examples

instance

the

at

Leip

this

ii

class

be

found

Astle,

in

Strutt,

must, however, allude

I

Book

of

commencement

the

at

initial

the

the

of

contain only one will

Hickes.

of

pictoria."

MS. Commentary on

on

beautiful

of these

Imperiale,

Bibl.

Psalter of

the

Museum

British

many Anglo-Saxon MSS. which Fac-similes

" Pala:ographia

beautiful

selected

foliage,

my

and

),

amongst the most

are

been applied.

has

the

in

No. 257 of the

somptuaires"

83),

are

[eaves

Gospels

the

Diplomatique," in

Franco-Saxon

of

forty

MSS., ornamented

Prankish

those

name

which

Arts pi.

work

this

of

Job (No. 420). Introduction,

this

from the introduction

this

early period can be

MSS.

executed by myself, with the

assistance

especial

venture to express

grand

Les

century

the

In almost every

have been

"

de

eighth

and which has been

found

be

and

ivory,

Manuscripts,

the

MSS., &c,

the

easily

the

pi. 6),

purposely omitted

Traite'

Bodleian

the

Books," in

and Shaw, and

Silvestre, to

Denys, of

St.

ornamental

"Nouveau

from

which

to

Trachtenbuch,"

have also

I

the

of

"Ilium.

Library (Hefner, of

excluded style,

two fac-simiies

(see

more

ma}' the

metal,

not have access to the originals.

have purposely

I

the

in

student

stone,

in

Art of

the

of descriptions

scries

a

islands,

from

copies

published

IX

the

enormously

Ornaments of

of

direction

early

hope

a

most

that

MSS

of

and

MSS.

original

the

supervision

my work may work

the

for

thi

scrupulous care, the majority having been

magnifying-glass,

and constant

expensive

French

from

fee-similes

the

be

Count

;

regarded Bastard

that as

on

I

a

been

have

plates

so

may humble the

in

produced con,

rival

of the

Miniatures

and

LISTE DES PLANCHES, AVEC DES REFERENCES A LEUR DESCRIPTION DANS LE TEXTE.

imprimc

Titre

a

en

or

ct

l'imitation

sur

argent,

de

Commencement

de

fond

quelques

Sift.

I:

de

I'Evangile

°7

Bril initi

Mdhelm 111

ran

Lambcdi

pale dc

3a.

La

rAscension,

Nativite,

el

Glorification

la

Zodiaeaux

IX-

Q

Siede)

du

Athdstan, Musee Britannique

.

.

dii

(fin

.

'.

Roi

1

iliurius,

iri.,

Mus

Brit

.11S

.

"'

'

Oonarj

Figur. •

Bibliotheque

I'Eveque Leofric

1

Hod-

99

Ms Lcttrcs

Cottonii

a,

Til

B

Initi. 1!

du X*"

l)'.i|ms

Sice],)

Bodl

Bibl.

,

le

Codex

Oxford

.... I

100 1

commencement du

rucifixion. ct

Commencement du Psaumc

101 1.-

'

35.

le

Psautier

.96

i\ford

34.

c

132

.

lichel et

:

du

4-. 33.

975).

St /Ethelwold

103

Psautier

110, 1.

ii

Psautier 1

.101

St

50.

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36.

1

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Bril

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grands

de

1

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publiqui

1

1

'l leir

.

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1,

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AD Bibl.

1000).

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pul

le

grand Psautier Latin. .

4 5

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ct

6.

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i

F. xi 1

.

v

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la

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tture

livre,

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8.

figures

en

metal

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mi

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..

7

et

q.

toire

Lettres

Cott. Tib. C. io

Eaitiales

Ecclcsiastique

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Bede.

MS

!

li

2 a

devise

rtvangiles

dits

spirale

de Brunswick

d'Or de

,.

10

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d'une Crosse

drale d'Aghadoe,

-

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de Clonmac

libula.-

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Fig

Kella

1

circulairc,

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de

coiitempuraiiiLS

titr.

sL

1

LIST OF PLATES. WITH REFERENCES TO THEIR DESCRIPTIONS IN THE TEXT

Title-page, designed

purple leaves

D.

l

MS

the

in

From

Gospels

the

820).

M

ol

Museum) 1

St.

Matthew and the St

Mark

David

beginm'l

(sixth or ninth

cei

Golden Gospels of Stockholm 2

Commencement Matthew

(ch.

ver.

i.

From

h or

the same

eighth

The Royal

MS

ISaln

.

and Gabriel (eighth century)

Michael,

the Psall Bib!.

4.

Cob

Symbols of

A

i

5.

Lib]

century).

l,

Vesp.

M

(British

SS. Matthew and

Mark, with orna-

mental page (seventh centur

Symbols of SS. Matthew and Mark

Durrow. Trinity College. Dublin

pels of

Symbols of SS. Luke and John,

From

page.

Library

I

of

same

the

il

W and

will

I

Library. 1'aris

Luke, an

p

C.

of the Gospels of

SS

Mark and Luke h

and ornamental page.

From

the sami

Mark and

St. 7.

8.

Three ornamental pages.

The Genealogy From

the

of

From

nth century).

I

Booh of

hth or ninth

1

G

the

Kelts,

1

tth

Public

10

st

11.

The Temp

Matthew.

of

Fi

century

the Gospel

of

I

I

.

D

From

;to)

the

St Matthew, ch.

i.

ver

im) tury). 13.

4-

St Matthew.

„

I

|

Beginning

.

:

St.

Mark

I

I

.< I

un)

15

From

s

(tenth,

not

I..:-:

tin

|8

-

century).

Library,

—

!

Mi

01

29. Coinin

PLATI

Tin

46.

and

now 30.

The

the

in

Publii

1

hi

irj

ibi

Dragon (end of tenth centurj

thi

14

.

\

to* (ninth

From

century),

id.

166)

'

Museum

liriti-.li

(tenth

centuiy).

m

I

I

Lambeth


|

.

In

and 9

7

.!.,,

1

.104

1

„

Circular ornament,

to.

with spiral device.

I

tme

MS

104

53

illustrations

Fig.

1.

„

a.

1

dral. Ireland

I'-

St Mi

, ,

"

Latin

'1

,

ise

.

.

1

P.

f

1

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hi

ol

H.

D

bo

,

ol

1

tenth centuiy). Ol

I

Pa

1. in,,,, ^

College,

1

,

and

G il

i

Pa

F

I.

,

1 ,

1

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from the Book '

"i

,!

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tenth

3904,

ol

Harldan

1 1

Plalter,

B.

]

Ivory Casket

1

iv ,

..

b

nth

From

century).

um

the

10,

.

t

1

Evangelical Symbol

1

.

,

, 1

1 1

,

...

Which

.ire

copied from coin,

,

,

circular

the

work

LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS. Note.

— The

MSS.

six

which an *

/

is

Roman

prefixed arc written in

with Anglo-Saxon

capitals, but

COTTONIAN

LONDON.

uncials, or rustic

initials.

MSS,

(tonlmatd).

rv

,

F

Vitellius,

MUSEUM

BRITISH

ters.

Cleopatra. C.

ROYAL MSS The

Gregoriana (No.

Biblia

and purple

The

Life of

The Rule

title-page

E. 6).— Plates

..... 14.

Alexander the Great (No. 13 A. Benedict (No. 10 A. 13)

of St.

The Gospels

I

King Canute (No.

or

I

D.

15.

The

v.

Galba, A.

xviii.

Psalter of

The

Claudius, A.

1)

St.

Claudius, B. iv

.

Ne

rustic Capitals.

— Plate

The Gospels

iv.

Pontificale. &c., with

.Eliric's

Rule of

ix.

The

No. 2,90s.

.

145

Small Latin Gospels

03

Treatise of Aratus.

The

No. 603.

Treatise of Aratus

Latin Psalter.

— Plate 43

Book of Prayers of

the

.

too 1

.

Latin Psalter

The Rule

v

i

of St. Benedict, with fine

Book of Prayers.

3.

&c.. with

portrait

initials

147

ARUNDEL MSS

King Edgar

TilK-rius.

B

The Astronomical

v.

and other

Tiberius, C.

The

No. 60.

100.

4\

M \NI

r.)

hi

made

simile

fa


iXON

must have existed

incction

1

Stockholm

my

in

manuscript

classic-all)'

the

whole

warrant

know

no

Library-^

"

mosaic

hue L

at

the

of

Italy,

we

find

considered

manuscripts,

although

our

might well

Saviour

that

the

curule

Diptychs,

chair

the

games

llh

alternati

holding of

the

one gencratio

we

together

with

cum

some

which

greatest

m

are

the)-

rarity

the

which

we

,! '

""'"

ol

having I

'''I'^'l-

found

grand it,

executed

indebted to

the

reward

seated

of

the

Mr,

in

of

that

'

(of

is,

I

will

for

Mr. Shaw has

which

of spiral designs with

of gold

introduction

believe,

heads on gold

a

which

in

black

gold in

the

lines,

Psalter

ground, with

da

ridel

nobis

"-

,1

1

1

just

introduced

is

the open spaces in

interstices iffords

the

being

i

this

manuscript:—

in

hodie

""'

M

lg« :

!

with

off,

Augustine.

of St.

readings of

tuus qui

the

wanting

most of those

like

be admitted that this pag
ia

hpQe Be

in

]

min

perburg

Bat

-j

godes

for

ful|>iht

of this

away

cut

In

W

the

Sproglare," a

work the

text

lufan

In

the

copy of

;

ecum leccdome. Ba

dua

perburg

i

biddati in

Scarf....

saule

as

the

whole,

including

;m
age 42) a Grammar, which is not so

Anglo-Saxon

Rask's

services

"Angelsaksisk

His Majesty's Commissioners on the Public

— August

Mr. Purton Cooper's Appendix

in

Alhthryth

"Bibliothccx

in his

in his

according

Thorpe's

439) are given with

In the latter work the reader

165.

but no such occurs

The Stephens

directed

the

of

still

F.

Sir

late

this

B

to

to

"see the accompanying

the

unpublished

Report on the

Appendix, which

Palgrave.

document

as

given

by

Professor

:

prints

existed

and in

reads this last

the

manuscript, thai

1.

translation

Rask

altered

In

lines.

;

facsimile

it

its

being

orthography the

copy printed

page

1:1,

(page 181), and again by

of

a

and

names Aelfre(d) Werbur(g),

Anglo-Saxon forms.

few

inscription

this

the

the

in

the

[67),

volume of

correct as the

H

herge

haeBnu

set

micro

for

1

published (but inaccurately) by Celsius

first

of

fac-simile

Records of the

thai

as

Historia," 1751

(page

1817

and with

•

St.

Han innto

I

inscribed

being

th

This document was

though

aelfred

the binding

arc

and

Regix Stockholmensis

I

of

[odcundan geferscipe

ic

letter,

last

in

margin

the

eorum;*

ii.

Bas bee

begetan

gefera

deodan

pit

Bon

to

lower

portion

historical

the

interesting

and

same handwriting.

the

l'.i

spelce

tt.ct

Portion are

Ec

,

nsnig mon seo stondan mote m

his haligra

date,

.

servies.

soli

illi

less

to

-J

et

beoc lem

alhSryBe heora saulum to

for .

on

natun

upper

the

m for perburge

-j

Sp

et

quod

et

vocatur Christus.

are at

to brucem. for aelfred

a

3.

follows:

as

is

halgan

Bas

Bart

qui

Jesus,

inscribed

commencement

the

2),

est

volume

present

the

of

Bonne pas mid

noldan

gode

circan

cristcs

2.

dominum.

before

by

xju.

ihv

nri

KM

feo pit

autem quid. Maria: dc qua natus

afforded

Plate

[see

nomine dui

In

»J«

aqua

ex

est.

dominum deum tuum adorabis

MUM

has

it

containing

page

Matthew's Gospel mid uncre clacne

caro

In

post dies,"

hie

The Act

data

details.

the

but

rifro,

historical

artistic

its

ticum qui

para]

i)

submi

Vulgate has

the

">

virum

i.

The than

convencrunt multi

esset, et

Caphamaum

intravit

I

Domine

Jesu

dicit,

16.— Jacob autem genuil Joseph 10.— Tunc dicit iUi Jesu

Matt. iv.

domo

in

turl

est.

ergo cumvidisset

Vulgate wants the word

The

quod

est

.

(3) prat

ex] \

et

implevit

longiam],

ei

For No.

of order in

difference

a

is

,

accepit

nostras

sp

bibere.

ei

and 6.— Et respond,: Jesus Amu:

s

i

[Vulg. acceptam]

accepts

et

\

quo paralyticus jacebat

in

turn

ex eis

th


peculiarities

here

shall

I

completely unique

with

Sir Frederick

the gloss] in the

[in

been written by the bishop himself.

palxographical

the

has

that

Ritual."

Gospels.

Lindisfarne

the

in

Palaeographia,"

which

name

Librar)

Aldred god biscopj"

preost

red

tenth

a note relating to

Society, with

in

the

of

an Anglo-Saxon

to

267.)

p.

same

the

Durham

the

in

the gloss

that of

Ellis,

found

however,

same

the

is

Durham

the

as

Men," published by Sir H. I,

Gospels],

[Lindisfarne

Prayers

from 946

Mr. T, Wright

half

attached

hand

second

the

and

first

of the tenth century.

latter half

that

the

is

Surtees

by the

published

Ritual,

Bishop Alfsige, who flourished during the

Durham

see oi

presbyter;

a

was during

it

inter-

probably have been written before

was written* as the same name

gloss

this

presided oxer the

Aldred was

whilst

dates,

427)

Lit.," p.

the

appear, indeed, at what date Aldred

not

gloss would

the

identical,

added

presbyter,"

miserrimus

et

docs

It

but a bishop of that

the dosser lived; to

Aldred,

that

Vnglo-Saxon

I

"indignus

an

my "P

-

ould b

1

century.

1)

at tile

entry

come In

the

ANGLO-SAXON AND IRISH M WUSI

,

much

book

After

similar

instance

Evangelists),

intended

is

Anglo-Saxon

written in large angulated

The flat

He

his

in

,

holding

that

"

O AGIUS MARCUS." Greek The figure of in

a

Matthew's

prove

that

,,„,„,

,

The

the

was

artist

"Imago with

acquainted

better

"O AGIOS

and

and

that the

scribe

yellow nimbus round

a

than

that

oi

figure

side

the

writing on a long scroll

Imago

"

vituli,"

ho

the Evangelist himseli

head;

his

of

that

in

inscribed

ami

Latin

very similar to

is

to

engaged

is

horns),

short

Calf (with

LUCAS,'

resemblance

leonis"

.

.

k,

I

blowing a trumpet,

and

inscriptions,

outer blue or lavender one, with pink undcr-arment, with green folds, and a long The cushion on which he is seated is red, covered with circles of small

a pale

red

turned

is

writing upon a squart

'"

paws,

lure

its

Vngel,

inscribed

Luke,

St.

His symbolical

(volumen). bears

Matthew, and

St. 'I

between

k

I

of St.

miniature of the latter;

the

that of

larger than

Matthew, except that the head bears a strong

St.

I"

n).

and below,

"0 AGIOS mattheus."

("'.reek

the

find

Evangelist*

the

to

introduced,

are

represented as beardl

is

winged,

U rved than

M

Gospel

left

Lion,

bolical

the

representations of the

capitals.

rather

is

many

holding at the same time a closed placed on a circular writing-desk before him, Over his head (surrounded with a plain nimbus) is the: symhand.

tablet,

book

Mark

of St.

figure

towards the left

we

the

at

which no

(of

figure

the

"Imago hominis"

Mattheus,

Sanctus

Latin

the

of

instead

curled

Copenhagen (s* Plat

miniature at

this

drawing the words

of the

the upper part

copy of

a

of

anj

this

that

inclined to believe in

beard

garment, holding a green-backed

purple

Holj Ghost, dictating

the

for

finding

in

am

I

been published

hitherto

Kills.

moustache and

long

by the

covered

consideration

has

was fortunate

I

curly

hand

right

the

with

and

tip

grej

shorl

nimbus, with

plain

and

hair

folds.

one. yellow dots surrounding a larger central

John, with

St.

with

beardli

long scroll on

on

boo!

along

t

he

"I

.id.-

inscription

who

cushion rests on

Franks

the

of

more

probably

has

ancient r

in

art. 1

,

,,,

1

1

,.

which

the

ign

and

.1.

barons appearance,

Nothing remains of

. ,.

M

pd

,

|

|;

but

1

.

1

thi

nl

in

n

the

studied

these

miniatures as

for

on

,

all

the

..I

i

bi

*h

i

in

"

the

i

Prol

command

Eastern

...

I

It

thi

ol

is

I

,

very cl

is

have a verj

greatest

mechanical

''"

ll

(by !l

""

1

' 1

'

ripl

"'

m

bo im

i""

irlj \-

u

skill.

the dress,

..I

i

ii

monarchy

trary,

'

! I

..I

and

charai

tb

thesi

'

hi

tint

eyi

different from

verj

represented,

thi

with

way,

the

miniatures of early

are

from thosi

in

originally

painting

and

figures,

Byzantine models but the attitudes, the fashion

the

destitute of

is

ma

Byzantine

t .,...,'

seated

shading ovei

carefully

"ere

their

is

fingei

bears a small

aequilac,"

he

green

centuries;

ninth

executed,

are

VI

applied to

i 1

thai

Evangelists

four in

the

paintings, as well

Italian

and

eighth

the

of

Imago

drawing of these

notice

also

with extended

it.

of the

style

we may

Byzantine and

\

".

holding a

spectator,

the

rests

The ornamental bench on which

manuscripts than any other author, observi the contempt) ar$

misspelt

noses as peculiar, after the

th


which,

lurica loding cantavit

Et hoc idem peto a

several

this

by

being a very curious

r,

Hanc

character

St.

however,

contains the

plate

(Astle,

page from

first

"SUFFRAGARE TRINITATI*

quai

mortalitas

the

oldest

one before

three times

commences,

It

militia-

initial

Loding

by

suffra

me

trahat

the

charm, commencing

or

ed

miserere

portion

i

Museum.

the other portions of the volume, consisting of various prayers written

hand as the Gospels,

le

1

of the right-hand

characters

line

(.

written in the character of the lower line of the right-hand division of Ill

fifth

the British

in

and the three other

text of this

t

large letters completing this line

treatment

the

and

larger

MS.,

Royal

Matthew, and the remainder of the

•

my

(St.

discipu(lis)."

The

The

Lindisfame.

those of the

like

1.

fig.

of

lines

Gospels of

the

in

ling those of the

ter

of writing, each

variety

portion of

left

the

in

the

with sandals

has the outlines formed of gold, with red edging and dots; the cross stroke of the

"Et"

in

others

the

in

hand holding

left

vangelists,

I

with

us

dixit

angulated capitals used

being formed by the wing of the detached dragon.

and

tin

filled

the

in

the

SECVNDUM MATHEUM. ET

Nl IHT) Xl'l

the

in

the

of

part

this

kind.

elegant

are

as

hut

hand,

left

Angel have

same manner

the

in

of small claret-red dots arranged

on the

naked

his

of the Scrihe) the Evangelists and the

in that

one

of

Librar)

same school as the

bei

ha

.I

hi

,

" trinitatis," the

final

-^

being

supposed

to

lie-

formed by the

—

45

This singular Lorica* occupies three pages and a half, and is glossed throughout with Anglo-Saxon, which is considered to have been supplied by two hands, at the end But the volume possesses a great value from of the tenth and in the eleventh centuries. the fact that the

belonged

it

to,

if

were not expressly written

it

On

century.f

eighth

of the

half

first

occupied by the portrait of St. Luke,

Bishop /Ethehvald,

for,

Mark ending on

St.

of leaf 20) appears the following acrostic dedication to the Bishop

in

of which

(the verso

21

fol.

from

Passion

the

of

the recto

is

the verso

:

etcma do donante munera scruunculo /ad iusq:

xpo

in

tnerces

diuinis

laborib'

paratu 1

sedemq bcata prajmia

i

dm eminentcm

audut alq: aluent

bi

anus

cura

bit

\\>o

vcro

iudici

ubi

et

numen

cut

sci

iusti

cu conaco

eptilant

h.-nor

aethri

i

cum

sup sidcra caJi

darker cum beads

sine

fine

semp

scm

coram

plaudent

sei

llbi

alti

in

omnipotenu do libcllum hanc ad laudem scribcrc

n

..

ternum

domum olum dm

postulanda dni

gredi

n

cu

uolumini oracul

huic

iudesinenter

diligenter

text

pulsat

cutmtno cu agminibus sd

calor

carpentes

feci

vita

fiducia

carminib'

castis

Ilia

via

opens mercedem mctet tamen mea piacula del

immensae

ater

cu dno

t

inc

This chocolate;

acrostic

and

the scribe;

this acrostic, "

whence

On

careful

the

m

as

they

though similar

throughout

arc

forming

capital letters

So lactery

called because

or amulet,

to

slightly

are

like

book

appears

itself

also

even

is

consist

to

bottom

the

at

two hands are

the

exactly like

he

those

reprinted

from

similar.

The

illuminated

pages,

i

an in

i

S 53. in his

"Kymni

Irish

from an

gloss,

fourteenth

the

century,

attempt to explain

which

tli.

without Any

I

tliu

man)

Strang.

Words

CODtail

latera

nn_a

libretlt

Ut

Ut non

tetri

is

I

M

&c

talios

medical

strange

fecit."

the

Mr.

I

with another Anglo ian

MS.

5S5,

fol.

153

i,

in

bathn t

1

Daniel

As

"Tl

i

phi iscs,

which

he thou

stated

in

'

.

S55, with of the

for

Lastly,

l

"Gillas banc loricam

"

copied

M

'

51

1

Sennas atque

madianum

1

lymn, with

i

that

S

lari

mi chinas cladam

i

In

lath

volume of Irish logical and Celtic Soci his

pai

stated

I

cephalem cum

the

the

of the

c.

read-

h

ri

1

1

it

ula.

that

ited

n

1

different

1

in

shown

I)

MS.

Irish in

,

stated to be of th»

VI.

turaJ

words w
|>.

1st

18,

pi.

copy

a

division;

vol.

the

ol

monastic

noble

the

in

Diplomatique,"

from

writing

iii.

library p]

227, &c.,pl. 47. 55)-

At

French Revolution, when the

of the

period

the

was ransacked and

library

Contents dispersed, the volume of the Gospels in question disappeared,

had the pleasure of ascertaining in

M. Wladimir

Sacken and

that

found

it

Library of St. Petersburg,

Imperial

the

remarkable page

Stassoff,

The

the volume.

in

am

1

its

way

Russia, and that

to

by the

and,

enabled

a

columns, divided into verses always commencing with

a

Baron of

fac-simile

general text of the four Gospels

is

now lodged

is

it

kindness of the

to publish

Ostcn-

most

the

written

doubli

in

the initial letters of each verse

line,

Each

being daubed with patches of various colours, and often surrounded with red dots.

Go-pel

has

the

first

page

of

the

four

pages being

simplest

copied

in

following

but

fac-simile, is

with the

filled

size,

MS. and

tin

few words written

commencement

thi

reduced

a

in

the description of

first

in it-

of

illuminations given

the

letters;

Gospel, having

John's

St.

gigantic

in

French work above

the

its

have, however,

I

referred

by the

The

to.

Benedictines:

1

MS.

du

A

"'

e

planchc

rtt.

paru mi

.1

chef-d'oeuvre aux connoisseurs

La premiere

V

la

partie surtout

t

imp]

Lver est la plu 1

1

1

lit

nn ponce,

m

.i

nt

phis

iicorc

I

et

moifl

la

de massif a

c.

-.

1

1

:

parleurgrai in

my

pourpn soitadmis.

25th

liftre

Piatt

|

Le

frontispice

de Saint Matthii

I

Les

Ii

1

a

,li

mi

iln

Ms tiennent

Nous

hauteur.

lieu

l.i

s

iU

pat

let

lili

ii

I

'

1

ma

tic

mi-

lunr

qu'on y

ttraster."

from

the abo

nor any great

The Kells

in

however, ol

in

it

ssellated

initial

respect

grotesque i

!•

to

will

cruciform pages

letters

their

iii

my

plate

gigantic

appear in

that there are

The

the great

one

initial

ol

L.

large

size

contrasted with

renin

the Gospels before us, almost absent,

animals,

no figures of the Evai

the volume.

can only be

size.

k.tl.li

and

occupying,

in

are i

spiral

replaced irerj

thost

antl

bj

unusual

1

rees p^ir si\

1

"I

Z-like a

gri

Bool

thi

ol

patterns are, iter

manner,

number

thi

—

M.

" I!

communicated

Stassoff has

contents

its

—

si


„„„

principio erat

space

the recurved

1

of

initial

sid

right

n

the

Doraei

Mr

'

,

filled

omitting the ornament within the open space of the

.Marks Gospel, copied

bt. •

The

T he

nl

remainder being

hand

surrounded.

the

,

L

*.

toP of

interlaced

„„„.

["he

Luke and

'

'

*

ign

Bo,

,s

down

of St. Chad, but terminating like

••

lh e

ke manner only occupy portion th

,

minuscule

of St.

whus«

curved

'

.

small in

The"Qmquidem"

in

& ^^

.,^ ros^t

^ *•«

thrCe

border being unusually elegant

ol

h

h

X. as

i„

of the latter

+

Tl at

ail

"»

mi

,:,.

Plate the

X

,„

2

i\oN

represented

two small

in

my

and would form

Four grounds,

plate surrounding

compartments

square

verj

a

French

Scourging,

pages of the manuscript:

(fol,

angulated

the

1

mii.

An

4.

of

course,

difficult

1

I

shown by Dr. Todd

satisfactorily

A.D. it

possible that the

is

Archbishop

The

the accession of the king.

IR\

is

now

W.

it

near

date

the

Graves,

in

to

at

the

the end

ago,"

The translation Mac Durnan, or Toman,

addition.

to

of

the

Gospels

are several

end of

to

short

" Finit,

SS5, and died

in

in

in

the

notes written

Durnan.

(See article

in

the margins of

some

"Amen:

I

(for

the

linit

and

"

scribes in

ol

that

1

|

i

at

the

the eighth

Litt\

of

St.

Luke. "I>

and ninth centuries.

I

S

XIX. and XX.

valuable

MSS.

an opportunity of examining

Wilmovski, under whose portions

many

n

of tht ).

THE GOSPELS OF THE CATHEDRAL OF TRFA

AMONGST

by Sir

as stated

698,

may probably be

;

Amen,

the custom of Irish

Plates

have no

I

Book of Armagh, which

A.D.

S07, which

Mai

Brith

of

not indicate the Archbi

Gospels

by Aidus

so that

on the occasion

jj;ift

316.)

iii.

Irish

volume as a

Matthew's Gospel the scribe has written,

Mark.

of St.

— according

St.

Maid

of

A.D.

in

palaouraphical peculiarities,

its

the

the

ninth century, and

the

in

925, and died in 9.(1;

in

certainly does

inscription

been written (not

havi

the

it

of

li

which see he was promoted

in

"Proc. R. Irish Acad.,"

There and

E

.\-:\\

1'

the son of

Brith,

was written by the same hand as

ascertained

earlier

as follows:

RNENS]

1

Betham, but) by a scribe named Ferdomnach,

as

at

REX \

DAT

have been the writer of the volume, and, from

doubt that

much

a

style,

1

Athelstan ascended the Anglo-Saxon throne

927.

4 verso) bears

Anglo-Saxon

have been Abbot of Derry

to

Armagh,

afterwards Archbishop of

the

Several chat

1

comparatively modern

a

but Ma-icl

;

back-

of

I

RECTOR Dl METROPOL1 is,

in

IS'iT

ANGLOS/E \A\A

is

gold

Entombment

D5 DOGMA1 /AT

PER

four lines

burnished

and

MAC

BRIDUS

I.

1

DURNAN1

The date 925

correct.

church of Canterbury, have been copied

one of which

letters

large capital

* Ml

first

with

origin,

Crucifixion,

pattern in the unusual,

drawn mathematically

to the cathedral

King Canute, containing grants

inscription, written in

step-like

bord

side

the beginning of the different Gospels.

Saviour, have been inserted at

upon blank

The

two

the

of if

of

illuminations Betrayal,

the

Ml

of St. Luke.

figure

middle pattern

mosaii

striking

twelfth-century

representing

the

the

in

MAM

IKIsll

\\l>

the library of the Cathedral

in

which

I

am

mii.

most interesting building

I,t

see

Didron's

indebted

to

the

of Treves

has been thrown on the

"Annales Arctueol

Canon

learned I

i

quarto

copy of the

Latin

Gospels

of

i

i

I

I

01

i

'

.

i

i

very

great interest, from the singular combination it contams of Celtic and Teutonic or Franco-Byzantine art and caligraphy, of which two plates afford abundant evidence.

which

my

l

The

text

than,

that

written partially in

is

but closer and

Nouveau page

neater than,

Traitc

and

a

Hiberno-Saxon hand, resembling

fine

of the Gospels of Lindisfarne, and partly in

even

de

the writing in

Diplomatique,'

same

the

in

the

th,

two

so

that

line;

first

but rather

Merovingian uncials as

division

the

of

44th plate

hands occurring sometimes on the

writing

of

both

must

large

the

in

th,

have

been

simultaneous.

On

the

surrounded

leaf of

first

with

red

text,-" Scnbton

possess.o cu salute.

The having a

m

The

•Vi.ulus

perpetua.

Ora

gracias.

occupied

is

inch and a

beardless,

with

quarter

the

felicitas

Ds

perennis.

Habenti

tecum."

representations of the

four

Evangelical

by bars, forming a cruciform design

diameter, within which is a bust of the and with a plain yellow nimbus with a

in

book,

dark

circle

Videnti

pro me.

separated

holding a

Luke and

of St.

within a square compartment Hiberno-Saxon hand of portion of the

Legenti pax

open parts of the

the

inscribed,

is

the

in

Do

page

an

circle

young and

Saviour,

manuscript written

an oblong compartment

central

red edge

eterna.

Amen.

verso of this

symbols, each

the

and

dots,

vita

blue,

with white

"Aquila" of

dots

John

St.

arranged

are

almost

in

triangles

identical

those of the

with

Pans Gospels. The " Leo" of St. Mark is better drawn than in most of the Hiberno-Saxon Gospels; and St. Matthews representative is a fair figure of a man bindw h.gh^ holdings roll in his right hand, with sandals on his feet, and destitute 01 nimbus The ornaments in the framework of this

border of

lu.sse,

fifth

second

the

,n

following

with the several

aota from appeas ,

uangfehsu),

miniature resemble

Paris Gospels, represented in

and two

^^"^

f a

1

Matthew

St.

The &c,

leaves

headings written

d«wing

are

represented

with

Merovingian

in

my

in

those of the

Plate 21.

occupied

the

"

Prefaces

capitals,

Plures

aidely coloured

20th Plate occupies the verso of the

™&^

3 C° nj0ined fiSUrC " f a '" " the fur syn*°fe. as /r the mscription of the names of the four Evangelists themselves, --^Mattheus written in Hibemo-Saxon letters of large size, resembling in for

E

&c

those used in our finest

manu

1

T

Principal figure in this design consists of the upper half of the "Homo," Jf the of which appear at the bottom of the drawing. Below the central cross-line will be perceived the wings an., claws of the Eagle below these are two of the legs of the Lion whilst below, resttng on the blue dress of the Man, are two of the legs of the Calf he Man. with a short grey pointed beard, wears a blue under-garment, on which -er the nght shoulder and above the feet the two yellow vitt,, which occur feet

:

;

L

aga, n

'

m ?,"' the dress

i

por

,

siL s le

m

ec clcs.as.cal

,n :

TT use

° will

-

but

r

" PPer ofr^the

T:

thc

lg

is

fol

But the

but whether the star-like object held tlic

which

^

- ° mamentai

gannem ""

Eagle,

han ds of , with and

«** -°

as

simp,y hv

that

^ ^^

atacombs and

* llC

P|a , e

ln

also be seen

f of;v ? Kells,

till, the Book

., els

arcss

FT!*""' below the wings

cSuofZ c d Child

^0 An

the

lot oe garment; ,im ; andr ,t lee

m

ChnStlanS

" St

', ,

of

Angels held

In

1

th < St.

in

—* the

Luke

hand

right

in

-

*

U

identi,

^

,1

*

Gospels of S.

INGLO-SAXON AND IRISH MANUSCRIPTS.

ja

Chad;

or whether

but

decide;

to

intended

for

will

ornamented

an

for

intended

no doubt

be

it

think

I

articles

Appendix on

the

in

is

"

be entertained that the object in the

(See

knife.

" aspergillum

or for an

"flabellum"

.1

difficult

hand

left

is

the "holy spear"

and flabellum.)

The

bold

ids

The

"

Epistle

N

red

in

the

in

Jerome

St.

occurs

19th

written

formed of an interlaced

WGI.I.Il M

design, above which

MS.

equally early

ornamental

MSS.

columns with

mentioned by

cocks

that

Hiberno-Sa.xon

ing

the

the

upper angles

With one

classical

or

down

;

the drawing

(as in

figure holding a

being

head of

Peter),

St.

including

Canons, being

the

the

in

and

Canon,

fourth

Each

of

thi

first,

second, Peter,

left

hand

elevated,

tonsured. facts,

and

fourth

excellently

The

has the

scroll,

and

the

in

act

fingers

are

and with only the

finger

THOMAS

It

and

" "

pater

viilens

populum Aminai pulus

meui

voluntiriiu

" AlilA.

paler

diis."

'•

&c.

filled

surmounted by

arch

thi

the

in is

a

benediction

in

thi

I

the fourth Canon, where the

also

the

keys

extended:

interpretations of i!\m,

parn (

Evangelist or Apostle, each

the

in

two

of the

ornamented

are

which

first,

in

the

his

right

rep

hand,

crown of the head

Evangelists

narrate

inscribed at the sides of the medallion

follow three leaves, with

bi

pair ol

style

in

as the text.

Then

will

base of the columns

has

tabli

apparently,

first

;

which the same

excellent

arches

of giving

extended;

holding,

designed,

in

Iiberno-Saxon

I

in

19.

the

in

the

second of the Canons, where three of the

name

an

entirel)

columns, capitals,

the

but

in

iiii.").

Plate

in

manner, with the third and fourth lingers closed, except

St.

Thi

the lower garment, and

of any Celtic work, the birds (here

before us), evidently representing an

book or

other

century, although

rarity.

entirely

quo

in

copied

is

unlike that

entirely

with the usual Celtic spiral pattern. bust

cl

satisfactory proof

a

greatest

of

know no

I

in the eighth or ninth

the writing

arches,

is

o)

exception,

Byzantine style

I,

INCIPIT

scroll

which

(oi

of that date arc of the

the four Evangelists,

the style of Art

MSS

capitals,

surmounted by a

Canon ("Canon primus

first

connection with

in

Iiberno-Saxon characters

I

Eusebian Canons, occupying several pages, enclosed

the

rounded

all

the

Gabriel

the outer, are indications of Angelic or noble rank.

page succeed

upper portion of the

perceived

thi

the capital of which rests on a bo

These Angels

had not quite died out

in

Michael and

example) are of a very Byzantine character, and an

the square patch of gold on this

drawing copied

fine

large elegant

in

angulated

in

the

across the head, the long wand, the two narrow yellow bands

To

of the

two hues of the heading,

the

two Archangels.

pedestal,

ribbon-knot.

Celtic

a

occurrence in

its

ccntr.il

contains

the

heads

their

inscribed

line),

that art of a superior kind

instances of

but

SE*CYNDUM MATTEUM. is

recto

the

Hiberno-Saxon characters, with

largi

page which

a

holding a purple panel (resting on a

facts are

in

inscription at the

the

Damasus commences on in

representing

Plate,

(whose names are inscribed over

the

as

well

as

Iieronimus," are in Merovingian capitals.

1

Epistle

my

of

Pope

to

of the Gospels of Lindisfame;

style

After this lower part

of

Dumaso

Beato papa:

11

the whorls terminating

of

especially

noticed,

Iiberno-Saxon characters, identical with portion of the

I

''Novum opus" being

the

leaf,

initial

scribsit,"

and be

will

volume.

text of the

sixth

frame,

angles of the

"Thomas

bottom,

ornament,

the

of

character

the

at

Hebrew names

:

his is

the same

the s.un

GOSPEI

These

the page

being written

lines

five

in

S

01

1

OP TREVES,

i

Hiberno-Saxon

fine

the two following are in the

and

Anglo-Saxon

wrote

scribe

Merovingian hand.

verso

succeeding

the

of

Mathei Euang.," written

Matthew

that of St.

Matthew

of St.

the

in

made

geiiuit

of the

style

of one

cupying

part ol

the

text

are

On

in

my

lion,

to

the

next

has

top of

fac-simile

"Asa autem

contracted

manner,

The whole

the curve.

being

page,

a

in

written

conventional

the

in

the

perceive

I

commencement

the

latter

Argumentum,

Merovingian

as

are

also the

and

of

the

of the

the greater i

Mark, except the heading of the Argumentum.

the

full,,

wing p

frame,

The

20th Plate.

writing,

St.

column,

first

figure

en ted St. Mark, very rudel) drawn, by the same hand as the conjoined symbolical figure is standing in front of a tall chair, with his left hand .

downwards towards an open book, which seems fixed in an impossible manner of the chair, and with a strange bird-like animal, intended for a winged

pointing to the

recto of the next page.

the St.

the verso of

and

pages,

surrounded bj an ornamental in

the

Hiberno-Saxon hand; but the verso of the

the

and Capitula of

attached

in

Plate 21, although the figure

of this genealogy, that the scribe

comma

two

historical part, are in

my

Sci

arranged exactly as

which words occupy the top of the

lines

reversed

Matthew ("Imago

the pagi

Then commences, on

1

word autem being written

the

a

capitals),

tli.it

of the scribe

fact

the book was written.

St.

Paris Gospels, as copied by Silvestrc.

the

of

iosabath,"

like a h' with

Lima;

when

of

Paris Gospels represented in

in the

"

page has a portrait

Hiberno-Saxon

the

in

very different.

is

Matthew's Gospel,

1

thus appears that the

It

most important parts of the manuscript, either from

the

himself being a more important personage in the monastery

The

remainder of

whilst the

of caligraphy being the most esteemed, or (more probably) from the

style

just

75

characters,

outside the

at

At

side.

secundum marcum written

drawing

of the

foot

written

is

"Incipit

textus

euangelii

SCI

with a flourish of the pen forming the outline of an exaggerated of the

u

Mark, with the Prefaces of

of St.

,t

Merovingian hand, except the

the

in

the

feliciter,"

The whole

kind of oak-leaf.

initial

of

Luke, are

St.

Gospel, which

the

long and at the beginning of the Argumentum of St. Luke's Gospel, which are executed by the Hiberno-Saxon artist in the ornamental character. 1

is

narrow, and the word " Lucas'

These fig.

are followed

(being precisely

3

This

border.

in

by the portrait of

same

the

an open

book resting upon

down, terminating the

while dots.

bar which

knobs.

in

satchel

its

At and -I

of

also

is

yellow, with

interlaced i"

which

object I

his

chair,

..,n

I

Above

the

the

dilated

of which

are

object

is

a

lower half of this

side

bears

the

ol

thumb being

of which

coloured

red,

the

bird

book

the

in

.V.

Appendix

for

article

on the

the cover

is

is

down

below

in

the repn

and

spiral

entation

yell,

nature of which, although lectern, but without

upper half of the right

and supporting a hook, whilst

Hiberno-Saxon

characters,

euangelium secundum Lucani. •

hang

lower border.

directed

purple, blue,

occupying the

a lion's fore legs,

inscription,

the

terminate

intended for an ornamental

large

and

ends orange;

firming the top

book, the

supports

the

onlj suggest to be

this

consider to

1

tags or fastenings of which

the side of the figure opposite

four divisions

the design, having a calf's head the

hand he holds what

left

never met with another representation, and

atical,

pport.

is

At

patterns.

(the

have

Saint

surrounded by a yellow nimbus and a

line

the four fingers support

the back of the

his

or cover,* the

blue with white dots, with an angul

The ends

Plate 52,

In the original the two open leaves of the book are yellow"

them

crosses

In

my

outline in

in

Mark), surrounded by a narrow interlaced

has the head (not tonsured)

figure

blue border ornamented with 1"

Luke, copied

St.

as St.

style,

, ,

|

r i sn

2

Q

"Incipit

-

MANUSCRIPTS.

IRISH

(|

The whole

Hiberno-Saxon

red

small

in

and

broad

with

"thomas

letters,

cursive character than the name.

much more

a

in

narrow

a

in

interlaced

slightly

Ik-low the

and sides ornamented with rudely interlaced knot-work.

written,

i

word being

enclosed

is

angles

the

ribbons,

bonier,

an oblong space ornamented with red dots,

the

is

Below

the second

scribsit,"

this again, enclosed

in

numeration of the quaternion, qxxi,

in

black Utters, with red patches, the whole page forming a very striking composition.

To

succeed

this

been

have

misplaced

Matthews Gospel,

St.

leaves

five

(tin:

with

last

the whole written in the

Vrgumentum, written

and

Argumentum

proving

i],

patches

with

capitals,

to

it

Causa:

Breves

Hiberno-Saxon hand, except the

fine

Merovingian

large

in

[qui

numeration

the

the

containing

binding),

iii

of

of title

dilterent

colours and red dots.

The

John de

nasci

ite

Kells,

which was supposed

and here

preceding description,

the

We

the text

being

the

remarkable

written

fine

in

there

the

can,

productions

many

have also seen that

are

We

book.

resemblance

have

to

the

pternach, and

to

that

tin

of

its

We

seen

I

on islands called

1.

learn

Codex,

I

found

This

lines.

the

in

Iiberno-Sa.xon school,

I

Book

of

found

it

(Mayence),

The

in

in

Rhine, or

Latin

records

I

island

"I

"

Abbot

t

lies

a

a

bj

distance

apprehend

D.

)

to

founded

the the

by

was the monastery insula

in

of

qua

in honore S. Micluielis

the volume befon in

and

Paderborn,

" constructa

Rhenum

that

us] ceterorumque

his charter, dated at

M

Charlema

north-east

the

—

,141) lil

of

Strasburg,

by an site

Irish

of the

a narrow

on the east channel.

bishop called

.side

of the

The monastery

Tubanus, who

abbey was granted

bj

took

Adalbert,

afterwards, a Bishop Dubanus is recorded in Dubanus episcopus nunc temporis pracssc videtur."

years

" ubi

\

in

of

these

p.

ii.

Cathedral

the

monasteries

great

and insulated by

whom

to

dechanten"

the

Abbot Benignus

tin

river,

befon

littl

Abbot,

I

short

Benedict, to Thirty

\l.aee.

charters as then

Dom

contained

described

Kunstgeschichte,

/.

nominatur, super fluvium

I

infer

establishment at no great distano

Now. amongst

vicinity.

its

in

have emanated from

to

ma) therefore reasonably

Honaugia and Hohenaugia,

lob. naugi l"

bend of the

.1

We

i

b

illumination,

the

Gospels bequeathed

the tenth year of the reign of

was founded ol

the

Kesselstadt,

v.

the

is

it

Rhine, occupying

title

Irish

this

remarkable places

the most

in

particulars

Willibrord.

some

that

most curious portions

the

which are traditionally affirmed St.

no doubt

the eighth or early part of the ninth

Kugler (Kleine Schriften

from

Christoph

in

sanctorum." as

Dul

oportet vos

til/i,

characters by a scribe, evidently

contain various manuscripts from

publice ab omnibus

itselt

.t

1

apprehend, be

I

f

mail)-

in

from

originated

archangeli (whose portrait wi

the

that

Paris Gospels,

by Count

II

also

was one of nine manuscripts of

Libraries Irish

est

to

Holy Ghost, quod natum est

the

on erased

illuminations and

Iiberno- Saxon

1

have belonged to

MS,

[*revi

Epternach. this

the

in

bad not time

1

divinity ol

written

the Vercelli

in

importance sufficient to warrant his name appearing

ol

I

be unique

to

written

noli mtiri [sic] quia dixi

italics

in

wanting.

is

the

de came can.

est est

a volume partly emanating from

in

one of the most

is

natum

ex do natiis

et

are

which are elongated and ornamented

I,

indicating

agi

Gospel

John's

St.

and

the Treves Gospels.

in

century. ol

— "Quod

est

s/>s

of I

miniature of St. John

words here printed

the

>i

scabbard

the

I:

guarded not only

is

two

tin

with

flourishes

little

occupy many of the open spaces and

birds,

margins of the pages.

The

following observations by

Evangelists

the

tions of

will

be

the portion referring to the supposed that

the

a

of

dress

must

interest

Gaelic priest

the toga,

in

—which

these

all

attach

to

the

a

ninth

indicated

is

figures

in

the

seem

to

be

most

Middle Ages

apparel is

century-.

by

as

is

rude,

it

ited

may be doubted

not unfounded:

of

probable, the

rcular

ao

is

represent

to

however

iii

l>
--

THE COTTONIAN BOOK OF PRAYERS. TITUS,

THIS

volume of Prayers, of the

small ting

drawing of

little

on a throne beneath a open book

in

his cowl, standing

rests

MS.

D.

Titus,

At

his

The style SO am inclined

27, that

THIS

Latin,

and

also

fol.

122

represents four

v.

rounded

arches,

This

above

which

scroll

hovers

"Pachom' abb'" and whose also

and

the

hands of the

slightly

Titus,

tinted

D. 26 and

On of which

hand, and

with

page

Christ

is

seated

with

the

right

by

different

in

the

origin,

and

same

the

is

XV.

A.

contains

writers,

in

One

pages of a calendar.

an Angel

with

outstretched

wings,

holds a long scroll inscribed "

is

&c,

two small

only

on

or extended in front of a small church with

first

prostrate figure, over

elevated,

with

The drawing

is

in

all

with

NAT.

the

right

VIII Kl

whose head

is

Ap

inscribed

the fingers stretched out, as are

very carefully executed the

style

is

a similar-sized drawing by the

within

hand

a

red-edged

elevated

in

triple-tongued

vesica

of those

same hand,

holding

piscis,

the act of benediction.

banner, and

at

each

in

of the

outline,

MSS.

a

in

book

On

the centre in

either

his left side

end of the drawing

an is

"" standing on clouds. Tl, drawn with great skill and somewhat the character of those of the Harleian Psalter, No. 603. ,,

boldness, having

arch

Paschal computations,

Prayers,

and green, very much

red

rounded miniatures

27.

the opposite

;

hand

left

other monks.

Ig

a S1V "

left

of the

having

as

the tops of two

at

received by the

I-

that

CALIGULA,

MS.

monks kneeling

hand pointing upwards, whilst the

IdusAp,

resembles

artist.

Anglo-Saxon,

in

drawings near the end of the volume,

monk

very neatly exe-

is

central

the

green, whilst

Homilies and

Anglo-Saxon

The drawing

regard both

to

I

his right hand, whilst

in

represented the small figure of a

band.

his

in

THE COTTONIAN ol

is

strongly

even probably as the work of the same

book

feet

with

tinted

slightly

blue.

26.

Peter (with the head disproportionably small), seated

St.

and holding a book

outlines,

bistre

in

coloured red and

D.

century, contains an

half of the tenth

rounded arch, and holding two keys

on his knees.

an

cuted

triple

latter

"3

(

)

THE COTTONIAN CALENDAR,

THIS

Book

little

which

of Prayers

A.

the

for

6.

of illustrations

series

contains of the employments of our ancestors throughout the year, one being

it

appropriated to and placed across the

The

month,

interesting

especially

is

JULIUS,

figures are about an

high,

the calendar of each

page containing

foot of the

inch

drawn with very great

and

spirit

In January, the operations consist of ploughing with oxen and sowing seed;

pruning

trees,

which are treated

a completely conventional

in

sowing, and raking the ground;

in

manner

March, digging,

in

;

a drinking-party celebrate

April,

delicacy.

February,

in

Easter

the

festival;

May, shepherds tending their grazing flocks; in June, felling and carting timber; in in August, reaping and loading the harvest cart; July, mowing grass and making hay; in

in

September, driving the swine to the forests;

ostrich

logs

ig

from a

The whole of Mr. II. Shaw initial

among

delineated

well

is

stack

these charming

little

in

November, a

in

one of the men

bonfire,

December, thrashing and winnowing

groups have been

"Dresses and

his

in

firewood;

oi

October, hawking (a respectably-drawn

in

the birds);

Decorations,"

engraved with

vol.

i.

On

71

fol.

corn.

by

usual care

his v.

an elegant

is

D.

THE COTTONIAN MANUSCRIPT

THIS

MS.

large

consists of various treatises,

TIBERIUS,

including the

on the Prophets, now bound up separately as Part only the Anglo-Saxon copy of the

poem

astronomical

II.,

V.

B.

Abbot Joachim's Part

whilst

of Aratus, with

I.

treatise

contains not

27 illustrations

its

described above (see Plate 48), but also a variety of chronological and other matters, such as

of kings,

lists

that the

and archbishops of Canterbury

volume was executed

series of illustrations of

Julius,

A.

("Horda," full

6,

but drawn

plates

x.

xi.

in

the occupations of the

much

and

larger

xii).

and

This

is

followed

of wonders and monsters of various kinds,

"

"Bibliographical

Horda,'

tin

pi. xiii.

grotesque

f.

Decameron," 1.

figures

month

coarser), the

coarsely-coloured drawings, two of the best his

bishops of Rochester (by which we learn

;

the latter half of the tenth century)

Strutt

into

the

a calendar, with a

MS.

the

whole of which arc copied by Strutt

by a " Descriptio topographica Orientis,"

all

of which are rudely represented

in

drawn of which were engraved by Dibdin having

also

These monsters, which appear introduced

;

(quite similar to those in

borders of

to

published

one

of

them

in

37 in

his

have served as the prototypes of

illuminated

manuscripts

of a

period, are described at great length, with wonderful properties attributed to them. 3

M

later

I!l!'l

COTTONIAN

[The

Anglo-Saxon

in

poem

the

characters, in

of Beowulf),

MS. VITELLIUS, A. XV.,

tlic

amongst which

a copy of the " Descriptio topographica Orientis,"

is

THE COTTONIAN

THIS

MS.

folio

of the

Anglo-Saxon, and

in

miniatures, each

Canute

style,

the

figures

of a priest

much

3.

Platonici"

two large ill-drawn

1>\

injured: of these,

the

The

design.

the

drawn,

showing

drawings

small

that

the

fol,

11

19

(fol.

in

r.)

illustrating

the

must

figures

MS.

represents

a border of the

executed where opportunities would occur

and representing them

in

contains

v.

presenting a book, and a

other drawing

Among !l

original,

COTTONIAN

monk

a

;

and Ccntaurus, with animals, enclosed

other miniature.

classical

much

text are

have

been

for

seeing

correctly.

VITELLIUS,

A.

XIX.,

contains

the

Life

of

Cuthbert. by Venerable

Bede, in fine Anglo-Saxon characters, the verso of the 8th which has the centre stained purple, upon which has been scratched, with a bard

gure

fi

1

in

tto,

I

some

LThc

and

I

'noxious animals alive

1

preceded

text,

robed vanquishing a lion

fully

representing

from

the

in

but very rudely executed and

style as the

several

C.

"Herbarium Apulei

the

throughout by rudely drawn and coloured figures

illustrated

defaced, complete

three figures,

century contains

occupying an entire page, surrounded by borders of foliage, somewhat

the

warrior,

is

HERBARIUM, VITELLIUS,

MS.

tenth

and animals described

of the various plants

St.

excessively aide both

drawing and colouring.]

their

same

MS., but

preceding

with a series of figures similar to those in the in

and written

of the 4to. size,

tenth century, contains a variety of treatises, &c. (including

the

"'

•' 1 ,

holding a

left

On

colours).

the

with the

maniple (evidently opposite

page

is

right

intended

a

hand

the act of benediction,

in

have

subsequently to

finely-drawn

initial

P,

in

the

been

finished

style

of

the

Lambeth Aldhelm.]

THE ROYAL

V

MS,

HIS M

'

,

''•!'" "';

SM1 ':

and

'

"'

a trcatise

front.sp.ece,

,,

Alexander the Great, "

Phil

,

interesting

,

in

which

are

A.

,.

tart " f 'he

pin,

King It

of is

(British

Museum),

eleventh century contains a

M beautifully

two carefully drawn

work on

ether with his Epistle written,

figures,

and contains an

representing

the

king

THE HARLEIAN PSALTER, small globe with

seated on a throne, holding a

By

three oak-leaves,

hand

act of painting the

and red

ink.

sceptre in his

The

hand of the King.

right

HIS

Hymns

and

Psalter

Latin

contained

is

pi

appears to he

which she

drawn

the

in

black

in

and yellow.

lilac,

BECKET.

a

Library

the

in

a

for

hand, whilst her right

left

figures are delicately

THE PSALTER OF THOMAS

T

her

in

tinted with green,

slightly

and the various parts

terminati

hand,

left

probably intended

f.analc.

painting-brush, with

holds a small

and

elevated,

is

a

crowned

a

(Sophia), holding a small round vase

Wisdom

fication of

stands

side

hi-

of

Corpus Chnsti

No. 411, and has been described as of the quarto size, plates It was formerly covered with silver gilt and as written in the ninth centuryThomas a Becket, as ms, and ultimately became the property of the famous appeals latter

Cambridge,

College,

the volume.

a very old inscription in

in

century,

tenth

half of the

interesting as containing a

and

in

large

St.

(the

finest

of

its

represented in

freedom, and

kind),

&C,

/Ethelwold,

close of the tenth century.

It

and the

that

B

initial

Plate 43.

The

very

carefully

shaded

having

"bowed

over

the

usual,

are

in

we may

with

still

is

order to

rocks.

garment

a

give

to her face,

Anglo-Saxon

artists,

more

is

whilst

date

its

at

the

effect

and,

drawn the

I

am

acquainted), both the greatest

represented

Saviour

up the ghost."

is

Here we

see the

bleeding; the head surrounded with the cruciferous

is

in

to fill

the

up

principal

the

in

judaeor."

too

titulus

As

the attendants

figure,

mounted on

hands, holds up her outer

humpbacked manner adopted by

of the

thi

of the

space, they arc

with covered

left,

S.ne

middle.

The words IHC Rex

Nazaren.

est

in the peculiar

lower part

the

proportioned.

order to the

round

girt

finely

and dignity

Virgin, weeping, to

and

Winchester

the

place

The

bistre.

head and given

the figure

smaller size;

The

with

satisfactorily

executed with the pen with

pinkish

head are unusually arranged—" Hie

drawn of

small

body,

2904.

corresponds

entirely

nimbus; the beard short and forked; the body of the

No.

(the noblest with which

miniature

his

hands, side, and feet pierced, and

slender form

of the further

contains only, as illuminations, the drawing of the Crucifixion

my

as already dead,

so

Psalter

magnificently-written of

is

XLII1

Plate

Books

rather to he

characters, but

contemporary portrait of Eadrig.

THE HARLEIAN PSALTER,

THIS

me

appears to

It

plainly written

is

bod;

Itly .5

N

the later

attenuated.

\OX

.

The

by a

indicated

beloved disciple,

bends eagerly forward

testimomu perhibet,"

M INUS

IKISII

.\N1I

on which

scroll,

written, "

is

catch the

to

Hie

discipulus qui

est

word or sigh of

last

Master,

his

with a quill pen in his hand.

The »raml executed

all

f

styi,

from

a

noble

the following

of

line

to

The

In

New

the

character

the

f

155.)

be of the time of

Edward

St.

and

writing

King Canute.

Martyr,

the

ornamental

the

It

Gregory,

St.

details

closely

it

Minster volumes below described, and ought probably to be assigned

1st,

5

with

1

and

lotst

initial

letter

st.

the

rectangular frame, with Lug.

The commen Books

"Illuminated

MS.

of

his

a group

spi

oi

1

thive

prayers, with a

[Amongst

Mr. Dawson in

this

MSS.

..I

their

At

;

splendidly

within

broad

a

foliage.

Humphreys,

I)

large,

a

h

1-.

of the in

rude

the

his

in

an

101st

and

gilt

kneeling below

Angel under an

and on the opposite page the end of the

Psalm

open space of

coloured

monk

with a

Pachomius, and

9 v.)

outlines.

Mr.

head of Goliah,

Abbot

(ft. I.

by

and the

treated;

in

preserved

\1

ss

which

it

Holkham

at

style.

a series of copies from

Turner, from (I.e.-

the

of

in outlines

Winchester or Canute in

words

erroneously referred to the Arundel

is

it

moreover,

is.

monks,

in

first

enclosed

volume are

(fol.

10

r.)

a series of

gloss.

the fine

fee-Simile contained

similarly

There his

monks, seated,

Saxon

illuminated in the

usual

Benedict and

the

each

given

is

where

cutting off the

Another drawing

feet

very

is

St.

Psalm

1st

is

in

size,

the angles tilled with conventional

Age-,,"

gloriaris"

occupied

have

usual,

as

each of large

at

the

Middle

very rudely executed.

letter,

illumination

arch,

of

it

David,

I

Psalms, of

rosettes

of the

The "Quid

83.

has a

is

from

is

about the year 1000.

illuminated,

the

bottom of the page

the

ARUNDEL LIBRARY.

to

Calendar the names of

the

in

Cuthbert

resembles the

of varied colours

two curves of the second part of

at

No.

dm,

manuscript was supposed by Wanley contains

St.

text

Till-:

Musi

(British

.111.1

the

and exhibits the ordinary writing of the volume.

leaf,

THE LATIN PSALTER OF

THIS

of

finest

entirely in

stroke are ornamented with knot-work

bottom of the main

The Mack

and

largest

ornamented

is

and branches

books, with conventional foliage

dogs' heads.

in

the

capitals,

have hitherto met with,

I

m's head at the juncture of the

top and

the letter, whilst the

terminating

li

by noble golden

B, followed

period which

Hyde Abbej

th,

springing

initial

this

at

I

the

appeared

is

also

a

copy of the Gospels

am onlj acquainted with this through Holkham MSS. shown me by th to

be

less

elaborate!)

ornamented

a

than

M7

(

)

THE GOSPELS OF THE ROYAL LIBRARY. COPENHAGEN. XL/.

Piatt

r*HE -L

volume which has furnished the accompanying

great interest to the student of

Gospels, written with preserved in

which

in

had

MS. now

taken

in

my

volume had copied

portfolio with

his

figure,

various

part,

exhibit

the multitudinous

according to

in

the

all

its

folds

of' the

pleasure

my copy

of the

Lindisfarne one, which

that

the

of the later

artist

from the Lindisfarne one, modifying only period:

the

common

so

only a few days

13)

judge

easily

a miniature of the same Evangelist unique treatment was retained; and on

details,

fashion of

fluttering

possesses

end of the tenth century,

Plate

in

will

was quite evident

it

Matthew

St.

a noble folio copy of the

the

notice,

hitherto

me,

of is

Having completed my drawing

(copied

reader

under

comparing the Copenhagen drawing with

carefully I

1S50, for Denmark-, the

in

same extraordinary and

the

It

.MSS. of

Gospels of Lindisfarni

the

found, in the fine

I

plate

art.

Royal Library of Copenhagen.

the

previous to starting, with which

the luxury of the finest

all

Matthew from

of St.

Anglo-Saxon

thus

whole of the 'garments

the

with the tenth

century Anglo-Saxon

artists.

The

practice of copying

miniatures

libraries,

to

it

is

base been the case

MSS.

mediaeval

in

uncommon practice; but, from now of the greatest rarity to meet

doubtless not of

Here, however, we

the

from

volum

earlier

destruction of so

many

of the early

with examples where this can be

have one

of the

highest

interest,

shown

where

a

'Me feature— namely the introduction of a nimbed head at the si.le of a curtain— found in both drawmgs, and, so far as I have observed, in no other of the hundreds of early figures of the Evangelists so universally introduced into the copies of the Gospels. is

Other instances of PsaIter

'

of

the

this practice arc

copied into the Harlcian

P-

'4.

of

Trinity College.

Paris

Library;

"Archieologia," and

MS. Xo.

Cambridge,

and

my

in

afforded

and again

by the "Aratus," as

48th

in

into

illustrated

in

614, of the twelfth century, of which

I

a

in

little

volume by the Utrecht

thence

partially

and afterwards

Plate,

the present

No. 603, and

Psalter

the

the

into

the

Psalter

24th

volume

Eadwine

No.

1194,

volume of

the'

the

Bodleian have made an extensive series of copies, in

but of which no account has hitherto been published.

The as in into

bonier

in

the /Ethelwold

the semicircles

contemporary I

himself,

below.

but

less

shall, in

the

us

1,

formed of bars of gold and other colours

elaborately finished;

although the foliage introduced of the frame partakes entirely of the treatment of the borders of the that

this

fine

whose character has earned

whom we Ne« Mmster.

and

MSS.

apprehend

drawing befon

the style,

in

a

volume was carried for

subsequent

him amongst

page,

Hyde Abbey Book, and

see,

with

Denmark by Kin- Canute

to

his

countrymen the

his

with another

title

of a

Sunt

wife,

in

Book

of the Gospel, described

connexion

both with

M\M

WIi IRISH

VXON

CRIP!

THE COTTONIAN PSALTER TIBERIUS. XLVI.

PlaU

MS

-[-II IS

1

the

of

(unfortunately

which

all

«

..4

my

In

illustrated.

is

it

IV

after

-nting).

plate

the

for

but

only on account

student, not

Psalms which

the

of

translation

interlineary

\nglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

the

to

interesting

.Ioul.lv

is

VI.

C.

contains

it

drawings with

of

series

fine

tenth have introduced as the date, the end of the

I

that ol the handwriting is somewhat more recent than century but the character of the possibly it may be halt a century more recent Winchester volumes of that date; so that

ln

vol um

this

commenced

already

fashion

the

,

from which

"Pict. Hist.

is

it

Engl.,"

i.

seated

party

a

,1

spits,

of

Psalter.

he supported by plain columns with foliated I

arches

senes

a

mserting

of

Old and New Testament subjects at the head of the enclosed within rounded volume commences with paschal and lunar computations

pictures both of

a

at

bases and

by the guests (copied

cut

On

336).

fol.

6

a

is

v.

xvi.

pi.

repn ientation of

ol

meat on long

offering

StrutCs " Horda,"

in

singula!

head

the

at

capitals;

servants

with

feast,

f.

1,

and

and Death

Life

on the wing, of former as Christ with a cruciferous nimbus, and standing On ol Plate 33). similar to the drawings in the I.eofric Missal {set

contrasted, the

I

of drawings of which

commem They 1.

the two given in

my

46 are specimens.

Plate

arc

The

Spirit of

a

pair

"Hist attempt

God

grind

the

embod)

to

ind

in

a largt

MS.

folio

David

6.

David playing on

killing the

plate

Christian Art,"

8.

The The

.,.

Christ

7.

on

the ;i,

contest between Christ

British

1.

being an

of

Isaiah,

especially

of

the

5.

Holy Gho

the

copied an

feet;

111

in

like

"Symbols

(Miss Twining,

sceptre.

in

Almighty

David and Saul. (more do

has given the upper part of the

ami Satan

Disciples'

the

4 and

Coliah.

by the

of the

into Jerusalem,

entry of Christ

washing

f.

top

MS.),

22—31. There is a similar drawing Museum, of the Norman

viii.

killing

harp, inspired

the

mding

David

3.

the

Wisdom

of the

Mrs. Jameson's

{see

to

nth chapter

the

description

Bible in the

Lion.

2.

of

Proverbs

world,

of the

the creation

wrong reference

a

poetrj

the

spheres

the

supporting

with

72,

i.

face of the water, the Creator holding

upon the

sitting

compasses

and

Lord,"

our

of

dove

a- a

scales

of

of

dr.r.

wild.,,

my

Angel

'

I

from

above

holds

napkin

large

a

over the head of the Saviour. 10.

The

Betrayal

Christ

ol

II.

bound and brought before

Christ

Pilate.

12.

The

Crucifixion. threi

["hi

Marys

femal

grand

at the

is

figuri

remarkable, and ill,

Sepulchre, copied

1

tomb which

ptre

quite I

h

unlike

aid that

a

open of

in

I

my

us

\

1

k,

Here

plate.

I

The

the

ointmi nt

architecture

foremost of the 'I

he

of the

A tomb

is

any of the other early representations of

Ill

14.

The "Harrowing

15.

The

II

LI!

I

II,;

Hull,"— Christ represented as treading upon the

of

drawing the souls out of the

infernal

Thomas.— Except

Incredulity of

I

and

devils,

regions.

the figure of Christ being rather too tall, perhaps the most pleasing of the series; the figure of the Apostle is very natural, and that of the Saviour very spirited, being seven inches h this

in

is

The Ascension.— The upper part of the The Descent of the Holy Ghost as a

16. 17.

mouth, the

The

IS.

Contest

figure of the

dove, with

between

Michael

St.

and the Dragon, copied

the rest, with a pen, with wonderful

like

by

tained

contrasted

of

fire

issuing

from

its

held by a hand in the clouds.

tail

freedom,

any shading, these designs teach

destitute of

Saviour hidden by the clouds flames

the

later

with

the

Anglo-Saxon

us

drawings of the

Drawn,

plate.

different coloured

in

the

Genedictional

very

of

St.

and

inks,

ideas of composition

They may

artists.

my

in

enter-

advantageously be

.Ethclwold

and the

Missal of Rouen.

To

succeed several

these

"Horda,"

Strutt's

similar

David playing on England,"

those

to

the

in

Psalterium (of which

of musical

Boulogne reduced

a

Psalter),

copy

instalments (copied

in

including

of

given

is

.,

figure

"Pict Hist of

in

321).

i.

These

are followed

ounding below.

the

pages of illustrations

This

enclosed

,s

bj

a

figure of

trumpet on either

a

side,

Christ seated within the Vesica piscis with an ami with the Virgin and two priests standing

an ornamental frame, and

in

is highly finished in thick body-colours, as are the illuminated initials of the principal Psalms. Fol. r. is surrounded with an illuminated border, somewhat 9 in the style of the Canute Gospels and Rouen Book.,, enclosing the commencement of the treatise on the Origin of the Psalms, with a fine large ornamented " 1

D(avid filius Jesse cum David, with his four attendants, three of whom play part of a gleeman, or jt ler throwing ,

&c

to ),

on

up and catchtng this

gleeman

drawing "

The

miniature of

different instalments, whilst the fourth acts the

in

Horda,

three

MS.

xix.

pi.

knives and

be found

to

is

the

" Pict.

The commencement large

size,

balls,

occurs

are enclosed

Hist.

of the

within

Eng,"

1st,

lotst

,s

a pnest,

a rounded arch, and

On

fol.

,25 v

(Another

30.

B.

richly ,s

is

circle;

Agnus

beautiful

robed:

executed

in

the

each of these figures the

same way

Lion is

;

initial ,st

and Dragon

represented

of

letter

Psalm

is

a

and before

standing

beneath

as the drawings at the beginnine B of the

a very remarkable drawing of the Trinity, within a plain quatrefoil the Father is represented as an aged 1.1 right

Dei, holding a

Ghost as a dove

of

322.

i.

man. the

1

holding, book and the as the

illustration

.

and ,o.st Psalms, having the foliated borders. Preceding the 5

volume.

surrounded by a

fol.

Claudius,

5 ,st,

drawing of the Saviour, triumphantly standing upon the

on

MS.

Cottonian

4 fol. , 3 r) The before us has been copied, without the ornamental border by Strutt

and

;

three

the

in

hand raised 1

k.

in

the act of benediction; the

and with

a

cross

erect

on

its

Son

back;

each of the three figures having a cruciferous nimbus

is

left

repr,

hand ed

and the Holy

THE ANGLO-SAXON PSALTER OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE.

THIS

MS.

fine

2;,.

..

text,

red ink, was bequeathed

in

whom

Sir Nicholas Bacon, by

to

Anglo-Saxon

interlinear)

the

and

was presented

it

the

to

Cambi

University of

The

f.

having

for

Latin

equal size with the

by Archbishop Matthew Parker

being

1st

and

style:

Psalms,

and 101st

51st,

1st,

"B(eatus)" of the

Saxon

remarkable

Psalter,

the

of

No. F.

cu.li

ordinary later Anglo-

the

That

an illuminated page,

is

the

size;

large

of

initials

in

border of the Winchester

ornamental

an

each of these leaves

Ipposifc

(

the

ornamented

high,

enclosed within

is

but coarsely executed.

have

usual,

as

inches

six

style,

facing

quadrangular frame, with rosettes at the angles, the figures st Psalm contains within a or David playing on the harp, and his four attendants playing on the fiddle, sackbut, small semicircular kettledrum with two sticks. lute, a horn with stops like a Bute, and a

the

1

of

This drawing

my

in

" Palaeographia,"

beneath

a

which

above

arch,

trefoil

where, however,

Psalmist:

Idithun are placed at the sides of the

who

they occupy two compartments beneath the feet of the King,

original

seen

are

tops

the

himsell

is

and other

towers

,,f

for

the

in

buildings.

and the form of the crown of the King, the harp of an elongated triangular form, Ghost as a dove, flying towards the mouth of the Psalmist, who holds an object

The Holy in

border)

the

(without

copied

is

convenience of space, Ethan and

his left hand,

which max be intended

for the

of the Psalms rather than a plectrum,

roll

are to be noticed.

The

Crucifixion

from

probably

higher than the thin,

being

f,

engaged St.

John

St.

John and

xxi.

m

Lig

inches high. in

Virgin, on

John

St.

Above

bowing

is

Redeemer of

the

the

is

represented too

is

which

head,

disproportionately

is

ct

cross

seen the outstretched

superior, both in proportions

"et ego vidi

across

fillet

The

outlines.

is

tall

and

not

and

dl

testimonium" (Rev.

arms of the cross are Sol and

the

Saviour wear a

the

of the

the

the contrary,

much

is

writing on a square tablet,

24).

figure

delineate

to

The

cross-bars

coloured

in

In the place of the titulus

part of the

attempt

the

represented

is

Vtte."

The upper

hand of the Father. short,

167)

(p. '

on the arms,

inscribed

xxii. 8

Luna weeping.

Both

gem.

The

forehead, with a central

Saviour has a green and red cruciferous nimbus, whilst the Virgin and St. John have the

nimbus

plainly coloured yellow.

The Ascension bli

Us

ising

qui

with

the

right

(p.

;

;,

represents

)

1

bearing

hand,

the forehead.

The

drapery

[81 contains a

standing upon the

the

tall

wand, with

first

is

long

a

scroll,

remarkable neck, and a

nimbus round

figure

till

of di sign.

A

head, and

of the Saviour (more

at the top,

fingers being extended

Q, formed

the

"Sup

Dragon, inscribed:

.1,

of most of the Psalms are

ingi nuitj

left

and

"Ego sum

than all

the

Saviour.

is

All

have the band across

fluttery.

ornamental cross

.\n

initials

verj

Lion and

and second Idle

very

is

inscribed,

seated within a Vesica piscis, which

by two Angels above and two below, of a larger si/e

the five have a plain green or red

A

arms

He

reddo unicuiq: juxta sua opera."

supported

Saviour holding a book with the

the his

in

letter

il

is

borne

engaged

aspidem in

in

than eight inches high), ct

the right

basiliscu

the act of benediction.

drawn with considerable

M, formed

ambulablS.

hand of the Saviour,

spirit,

and show-

of two acrobats tied together by the

of the rotund face of a monk, are especially quaint.

THE ANGLO-SAXON PSALTER. ARUNDEL

HP HIS X

one of the most

is

both on

period,

MSS.

important

iccounl

MS. No.

60.

XLIX.

Plate

ol

of the

Psalter of

lo-Saxon

tl

interlinear)

,,,1

|

inch

the

in

D

O, and

B,

jh

enriched, an.l

is

it

style

of

ornamental

the

of

the

three

Lave the of the Crucifixion, which in the

The

of

plate

4 th

Saviour

has

doth round

been

very

upright, with

middle

the

lour nails

The hand

d'.

central

of the

the

to

a

have part

carefully is

it

of

copied

drawn

Psalm

in

in

blue,

winch,

Plate,

v.

it

coeval

.S

the remarkable

although apparently of

mental dcta.ls with that

is

the

the,

We

interpolation.

H

here see the ried

trees

represented

must do Mr.

I

say that

he

of the

rest

at

the

Tymms,

has

to

hand round

sides Of

a

cloud

twelfth

the

volume, ,he

who

Crucifixion

.

|

1

I

this

-i-

curious

Psalter,

opposite columns,

buppl. No.

m).

of

who

France,

two

a

!„

D

in

so

the

f

entirely

,

)ent

;„

,st

foliage

the

Latin

cross,

each

with

in

my

49th

in

its

orna-

„

K| , inn

Psalm

^

manner which

,

in

this

1

drawing

on the stone, the justice to

and

the

red, blue,

and

picture, in

feet

m

and

and

1

corresponding gre, n

1

ipil

,1

arranged

has the foliage remarkably free

which

,

circles

tall 1.

\

unique feature

facsimiles

remarkable

THE ANGLO-SAXON PSALTER OF pilIS

top

opposite the

5aviour

think, an

my

placed

reproduced

initial

outlines.

thai

ot lL r ol

framework composed of fine

the

either side,

century, agrees

ncement of the toist Psalm, written Whtlst

the

from

at

unconcerned

John stand on

the cross are,

the artist

Shaw

II.

and green

red,

extravagance by French miniaturists and sculptors

excellently

the

ol

representation

Mr.

picture of the Crucifixi

the

body

a

by

to the knees: the hands ami formed of the trunk of a tree with the bl

St.

as

of the

foliage

is

outline

ces more like monkeys than human beings, each holding the disengaged hand having the fingers stretched out widel)

52

well

body reaching

cross,

crown, look on

fol.

as

latter,

tl,

cruciferous nimbus, a

rhe Virgin and

On

the

ornamental

;

Father descends from

of the

the

Opp

coloured.

Arundel Catalogue:

the

perfectly

is

richly

with which

Psal

Winchester volumes,

the

although

Jd,

borders

principal

JEAN.

in

its

movements

DUC DE

BERRI.

and Anglo-Saxon versions are written

in

is preserved in the Bibliotheque Impenale, Paris Latin formerly belonged to John, Duke of Berry, third son of King John was a great collector of curious books, and who, having inscribed his

It

(MSS

GLO-SAXON AND IRISH he

..,,

MS.

a |

rm

a cote du

dancien

Anglo-Saxon ou d

margins

are

in all

is

given

his " Librairie

Thus

Psalm

Silvestre

9

Due

"

France

and

plates,

pen with great

a

iv.

Ps.

altar.

of

figure

a

5,

iv.

7,

Ps.

figure

two v.

damned seen among

a number of the heads of the

I

narrow

Ps.

him.

to

Boulogne.

which he has

in

on

spirit

vii.

the

A

fac-

holding

a

God

chalice,

emerging

and pushing

one with a large

figures,

collected

various pages.

its

sack, and

has the mouth of Hell open, with

5

the

Ps.

flames.

10,

v.

two warriors

from a sketch which

51),

p.

i.

a lion standing over a prostrate man.

2,

croit

in

Saviour with a long rod

the

deadly combat, engraved by Hewitt (Ancient Armour,

communicated

qu'on

and

folio,

Pabeographie universelle " and Count Bastard,

the other with a vase, press eagerly forward.

in

traduction

and

long

arms of

small

Ps.

chin.

his

in

;

with

by a

dime

colonne

a

is

the

of

his

in

made

ram, approaches an

a

It

has a small kneeling figure with the hand of

3

iii.

y a une

11

and which,

Bourges;

of

described as " Lcs hcurcs du due

is

de Berri," has given two

illustrated

is

Ps.

;

supporting

from a cloud forward

bj

du Jean,

ii.

breaking a vase

Latin,

in

i

church

the

to

century,

last

'

marginal sketches

the small

1406

in

many scutcheons

painted

page

simile

it

middle of the

of the

long;

en

reliees

presented

page,

lasl

t

catalogue

M INI

Ps.

vii.

13,

an angel discharging arrows on a guilty couple, &c.

MS.

Several fac-similes of this

are preserved

in

the

plain,

in

The

"

Hoc

legerit scriptu

The

gold or colours.

Psalterii

animx

text

has been

volume thus records

scribe of the

carmen

regis

inclyti

his

name

David Saccr Dei

THE LATIN PSALTER OF is

a Latin

the Harleian Psalter, a smaller

size.

some, with a

lion's

The

purple.

The

Q

of

letter.

drawn is

MSS.

the fine Psalter,

by Thorpe

cognom

(i

illustrated

in

great B, however, of the

head the

a very meagre

plentifully

used

in

the

to cada)

manu

MR. DOUCE,

bequeathed by Mr. Douce

are

Oxon.

B.

quite

1S35).

:

sua conscripsit. Quicumq.

to

No. the

296.

Bodleian Library,

in

the

"Quid

engaged

centre,

43rd Plate, except that the

1st

Psalm

and with the

gloriaris" in

my

contains,

slaying a

large

is

five inches high,

open parts in

the

style,

open

it

are of

and very hand-

of the letter coloured part

of

the tail

letter,

a

of the

has a figure of the Saviour,

treading triumphantly on the Lion and

initials.

style as

initials

dragon, which forms the

Instead of the Crucifixion, as in the Harleian Psalter, in

initials

(Svo.,

and

library;

Appendix

executed about the year 1020, written in the same

No. 2904,

warrior in ring armour,

The

the end of the book

at

pulfpinus

the

in

text,

votum."

sua; expeliat

AMONGST

edited

Museum

British

two plates are given, with other specimens of the Anglo-Saxon Record Commission Report of Mr. Purton Cooper. to the

Dragon.

Gold

leaf

12 3

(

I

THE BODLEIAN GOSPELS,

THIS

is

a

copy of the Latin Gospels, written

fine

No. ato.

in

155.

during the

half of the

first

nth century, remarkable for having two of the usual figures of the

with

igi Is

long

1

Luke

(St.

the

5);

i.

on which

scroll,

wings, drawn in black anil red outlines, with very great

six

One

and correctness.

1

of these

a

is

clouds:

the

female

S

figure,

inches

diebus Herodis n

in

shorter in

is

from

beautiful

tall

inscribed " Fuit

is

Angel

other

towards a hand stretched out

Evangelists

and

proportions,

its

looking upwards

is

bears a scroll

also

it

high,

a rdos"

"Credo

inscribed

viderc bona dni in terra viventium."

The

draperies of both

Angels are exceedingly

the

very characteristic of the art of the into

rounded

little

hillocks,

common

and the drawings are

fluttering,

The ground on which

period.

they stand

raised

is

the designs of this time.

in

THE GOSPELS OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD.

THIS

copy of the

Latin

according to Dr.

Gospels

W

1030, having a drawing of the Visit outlines, in

the at

same the

full

thick reddish purple ink,

subject in

left

side

that

and affixed

to

coarsely

border, also directed

is

sides.

remarkable

is

desk.

the

to

Epistle

four

its

of the for a

in

red,

size

and form, and was executed,

England,

in

Marys

frontispiece.

It

to

The

outside

the is

holding

border

is

a in

blue,

is

a

(some &c.

Prefixed

small

the

which

frame,

good

same large

a

and green outlines

;

tail

semicircularly

in

red

style

as

initial

are

in

Anglo-Saxon),

B(eato

O

at

New

Hymns,

a Calendar, with tables of calculations

the :

at

at

dilated

in

writing his

inkhorn

being

miniature.

The

the

other

the

ornamental

and the

outlines,

pen;

feather

lie

Winchester

is

of which firms the

nearly square volume, written

of which is

general design with

in

the style of the

in

THE COTTONIAN BOOK OP PRAYERS, is

between 1020 and

3),

Sepulchre, executed in

agrees

also delineated

very

contains St. Michael attacking a dragon, the

THIS

v.

the

Angel the three guards

of the

feet

outlines,

Matthew

St. for

in

Pope Damasus commences with

drawn

8vo.

Art

three

Below the

drawing.

The foliage

the

the middle of

of the

46th Plate, except that the figures are reversed, the sepulchre being

of the

length asleep.

except

my

is

ures of

I

Papas

Damaso),

of St. Luke's Gospel tail

of the letter

TITUS,

D.

27.

Minster, containing

the

foot

of

Prayers,

Holy Cross, which we have

Office of the

.

SCRIP!

and of the person in

name

showing the

following lines,

the

whom

for

was

it

who was

Scribe,

of the

who was

written,

monk of New Minster, Abbot of that Monastery

a

afterwards

1035. Frater ]

1

1

.Eli

h

II

97S, and

De

l

>i"

p

recorded

Calendar are

entry,

which

-Ethclwold,

St.

i>

when .Elfwine was young,

must have been written between those two In the

men

compotum

ane

Calendar contains an

the

body of

of the

translation

monachus

I

I

.

Istum

A.D.

1

1

It must have been written

with

1

1

took place

same 90S

in

handwriting,

of the

so that the volume

;

dates.

deaths

the

Paschal Table begins

as the

the

in

monkish

two

of

artists:

— XIII.

Kal,

;

(Mm). "Obitus .Ethcrici m" pict" " and V. Non. (Jul.), " Obit s Wulfrici m° The volume contains two small but very excellently drawn miniatures Crucifixion.

the

one representing

name

inscription again recording the

cmx

lite

whom

for

nearly

who

John looking up

head of the

Saviour

of the

Father

diction.

On

in

outline;

the

top the

Ds omnia secum.

separately

feet

Saviour, writes

the

the legend

— "I

lie

from a

out

stretched

is

the

e

story

the 1 1

with

a

stretched myself,

:

i.

an

similar

both are three-quarter published

is

The which

holding a

crescent,

only

other

etching

Here

E.

in

cross,

the

object in

the

A

figures.

drawing

the

is

by

as

beneath the

feet

a

dove

of one

upon

resting of the

copy of

singular

Dr.

These two drawings

1

have survived, of

and

red,

of the dress

in

which the

colour

employed

drawing of the Crucifixion.

of

alike,

verj

thrust

to

Trinity,

of

Decameron,"

and as aged men, each Third Person

lap,

and with

demon bound

\

for

the

whilst the place of the

her crov

arc

1

from a drawing bv

holding an infant on her

They

flaming crown,

" Bibliographical

ing

is

a

the Catholic Church."

into

both also chained, occupy the two

period.

the

and the hand

and Luna.

representation his

in

are very superior in their style

this

latter

Man,

with

miniature,

this

little

Dibdin,

two

Hades, whilst Arrius and Judas,

which

Sol

the other;

Father and Son arc represented quite

occupied by a figure of the Virgin

Over

opened page. judeor.,"

down whilst

hand, and with the right hand out-

left

with a cruciferous nimbus, and each with a book;

Holy Ghost

are in

Thomson's "Select Monuments of

was published

her Son;

towards

his

in

the waist,

head

the

cloud at the top of the cross in the act of bene-

above the arms of the

side

bends

nailed,

IS Nazarenus rex

holding a globe in one hand and a (laming cornucopia

is

at

book was executed.

the

stands with both hinds open, looking

to is

either

and

knees,

the

to

Virgin,

the

vol.

bearing

.

ma

yElfcinum corpore,

consignet

2

Saviour, with a cruciferous nimbus, and having his garment fastened round

extending

St.

monk

qua guspendens IraxliO

In

The

of the

by

inches

|

pictoris."

the

in

the

chains,

gaping jaws of

lower angles of the

the great majority of those

slightly

but

effectively

the outlines of the flesh

tinted

in

and portions

.25

(

THE BODLEIAN DUNSTAN

THE

which

has

D.

E.

19 (Bodl.

2,

and merits notice

together,

lected

page,

first

MS. N.

Bodleian

attracted

in

considerable

MS.

57S), consists of various fragments col-

work on account of a drawing on the

this

and which purports

attention,

executed by St. Dunstan himself (which has been published by Hickes

and

by Strutt in

recent date

Horda,"

subtus

paginc

huius

drawing represents

iS),

pi.

[owe! part of the draper)' are cut

hod)

the

posed, the

excellently

and flowing, the beard very

bent

—

:

Venite

"

filii

* Virga

recta est

tui."

dm

docebo

vos."

extends from the shoulders to the knees, and

end

drawing

is

somewhat more "

Pictura

Dunstani."

The

hut

high,

drawn

r.

:

the

feet

and

strong outlines,

in

the right shoulder, the hair long

by a red nimbus, marked with a

A

breast.

slender rod terminating

grasped by the thumb and second,

extended: over the rod

is

fastened by a sash

At

is

the waist, the

across

the bottom of the right side of the

kneeling, with the body bent to the ground,

monk

a small side-faced figure of a

is

1^

finely

"Thesaurus"

long-tailed

Sci

have been

to

in his

of a

The left hand holds a book inscribed The upper garment in well-arranged folds

Anglo-Saxon drawings.

as in late

flutter)',

is

surrounded

regni

virga

audite me, timore

It

inches

of which the index

right hand,

and fourth fingers of the

written

8

over

top as a trident formed of three lines of red dots,

third,

"

line.

little

is

upwards towards the

held

is

by a

it

the

manu

propria

erect:

the head

small,

white cross: the right hand at

ofl

head a

inscription

retaining

still

de

est

visa,

Saviour standing

the

by an

as appears

Gothic characters, but

partially

in

scripture

et

"

his

shaded with the right hand, the head tonsured, the cowl resting on the back of the neck: the garment with a red edge above the feet, and with this inscription above " Dunstanum memet clemens rogo xpe tucre. Tenarias me non sinas sorbsisse the figure the

face

:

—

The

procellas."

and the

below the

produced the

initials

S.u

of

the book

writing over the rod and on

over Dunstan

lines

as in

line,

two

the

in

miniated

are

lines

is

narrow Anglo-Saxon

in

letters,

rounded minuscule characters, the r having the first stroke century: the New Minster books of the end of the tenth

same manner as

the

in

nimbus of the

the

iour,

On

the verso

grammatical treatise

of

number

extending to a

the

(Eutex

sheet

containing

of the leaves, followed

a curious series of extracts from the

columns

parallel

of an

miniature

the

Grammaticus), written

early

Minor

date, of

which

a

in

is

hand

the

commencement of a

of the tenth century,

and

by portion of an Anglo-Saxon treatise and Prophets, &C, written in Greek and Latin I

have

given

fac-similes

in

my

"

Pakeo.

graphia."

These iii.)

details

necessary because

are

has affirmed that the

scription

on

MS.

miniature

the

can alone be

Archbishop Dunstan, of the tenth

Mr.

Planche copied

but incorrectly referred

it

the

to the

Dr.

Waagen

(Treasures of Art

in

England,

date indeed the superof the twelfth century (to which and consequently cannot represent the

is

referred),

century.

figure

Royal

of

MS.

Dunstan

in

his

'British

,0 A. .3. which led me,

in

Costumes,

my

"

1

p.

39;

a leographia

Royal .Mb. I he drawing. to state that 'the latter MS. contained a copy of the Bodleian Orders, p. 94) has g.ve-1 drawing is alluded to beneath. Mrs. Jameson (Leg. Monast. her comments with the portrait a not very faithful copy of this drawing, mixing it up in in

Claudius, A,

;,

which she subsequently describes.

\XON AND IRISH MANUSCRIPTS.

THE COTTONIAN DUNSTAN Plate

CLAUDIUS,

MS.

A.

3

-

L.

Pontificate and a series manuscript consists of a variety of pieces, including a drawn up by Synodial Decrees for the reformation of the Church, probably

THIS

of

King /Ethclrcd Archbishop Wulfstan, and afterwards confirmed by

The MS.

with the infulx short

mitre,

towards his right

Three

bi

later

been

affirmed

p.

Holy Ghost, with

his

feet,

head

his

is

other

a small cap-like

a red cruciferous

at

one wearing habit

Benedictine

nimbus,

flies

black,

the

Dunstan

St.

and

"

embrace

figures

hitherto the principal

figure has

Mon.

Mrs. Jameson (Legends

the

a some-

in

inserted,

and pallium, adds that the lower left-hand

close mitre

the

;

whilst

;

another the white

and the third the dress of an Arch-

;

and a similar cap or mitre.* Two of these Across the top of the drawing is

represent

to

overlooking

95).

the

handwriting, " Dunstani Archiepiscopi

what

On

personage.

principal

the

of

kneel pink),

with pale

hop, with a pallium

feel

representing an Arch-

head, wearing the pallium and

the

ear.

ecclesiastics

(slightly tinted

whilst

;

II.

Plate,

50th

beneath a highly-decorated arch.

robes, seated

s

my

in

with a yellow nimbus round

bishop, enthroned,

gorg

miniature, copied

contains the

Ord.,

figure

is

intended for a priest or canon regular. Dr. Rock, as

and relying more

many legends

the "

in

Dunstan,

of St.

that

Church

of our Fathers," has twice repeated the principal figure

on

particularly

presence

the

This miraculous

of the saint.

of

wry

highly for the merciful character of Dunstan,

St. Benedict!,"

which

Maii,

Acta Sanctorum Ord.

iv.

t.

dove as confirming one of the

the

story,

the "

is

costume,

of ecclesiastical

points

interesting

various

illustrating

to

given by the Bollandists

is

364,

p.

in

and which does not speak

the effect that three false coiners

been condemned to death, Dunstan, on his way to perform mass on the festival sentence had of the Holy Ghost (the day of Pentecost, or Whit-Sunday), inquired if the On learning that it had been delayed on account of the high church executed. having

I

,

greewith the

II

The

of

Dunstan abiit."

am

I

hands

to

about

pray

when he adds

historian

vultu,

order

exhilarato

which

immediately gave orders

enraged Archbishop

the

festival,

that

Now,"

offer;"

to

however,

having, "

said

and,

God would

"

(Dunstani)

expansis

Mass was ended, he

retired

I

..,,.

1

initssi, 1

1

the

at

keep the universal

alls

alone,

earliest

trust

I

accordingly,

columba, multis intuentibus, de coelo descendit

caput ejus

performed,

been

he,

et

of

full

et,

quasi the

for

the

We

execution.

that

the

"lota

God

facie,

will

moment when he

Church

in

ad

continual

oratonum, sacrifice

the

accept

lifted

donee sacrificium consumptum

immotis, sub silentio

mansit."

ering,

and there

is

est,

super

had been afforded of

manifestation which

cap,

no t

Iwold,

his

After the

-

1

t

up

peace,

or the Pontificalc of .(Ethelgar, where the episcopal < as a larger In the twelfth urs.

representations

1

i

may

" edictum nonnullis videbatur crudele."

that the

677.)

depressed

in

the midi

I

imkunde,

|>.

\S

!l

Divine grace;

the it,

suspended

remained

it

thoughts of

NslAN

Ul

and having taken in ol

i

that,

ir

servant

this

Us.

U

I

chasuble,

his

ofl

V

BIUS,

Falling

!

was no attend

there

as

the ground,

to

lod.

(

Notwithstanding, however, the supposed confirmation which idea

the principal

that

presence

the

that

first,

represents

figure

of

Dunstan

which was not then the case with but that

I,

and

I;

has

in

third,

the

dove,

symbol (See

ited.

MS.

a fine

in

the

same

in

the

Cambridge

windows of

figure his

Benedict.

which

is

figure

have seen

one

also

is

miniature

he equally

can

Dunstan

for St.

the form

miniature

of

in

folio

28

above described.

do not

it

the

one

in

hesitate 1

in

I

lower left-hand

the

is

mitre and

pallium bespeaking

former prows the early date of the drawing, as depressed, in

surrounded

is

by a

the

drawings

ol

tli

border of branches

arabesque

beautiful

Boulogne

the

is

the

dome,

It

is

of a

figure is

monk

MS. was

seated

hop,

by Strutt (Dresses,

written,

and

drawing

the

and

as

we

architectural details

t

b

pi.

i.

beneath a

writing

same manner as

treated in the

architecturall)

engraved

or

the whorls,

The

Psalter.

and

27),

Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester and Archbishop of York (1002 that

also similarly

Holy Ghost I

and

an early

In

is

!'

David;

mouth.

nee

doubt that

little

or centrally

Lambeth Aldhelm and

the

of

representing either St

.is

the low, cap-like

;

the

form,

us

so repi

is

head

the

I

might

grand Creel

Rowers, animals, and birds introduced into the middle of

arch, which, with the

believes

his

with

figured

before

of the drawing are very interesting, and carefully

On

towards

flics

been

has

ear,

illustrations

he saw a dove resting

in a

over the

hovers

his

and twelfth centuries.

part of the eleventh

with

the

in

seen of a conical

The

dove

[20)

p.

No. 6S29); and

t,

.1

Catherine

think there

I

saci

[9),

1

ante,

St.

Ghosl

Holj

tin

Jerome

St.

;

high dignity, whilst

the mitre

(Bibl

that

works.

his

I

intended

is

Syria altirms

ol

into

numerous

which

of

\

thi

the pnncip.il

of

Cathedral of Sens, the protomartyr Stephen

the

of

Germany,

In

Ephrem

the Gl

(set

upon

t

representation of the act of

ol

and whispering

shoulders

his

St.

-|-.)

Psalter

window

represented.

ig

on

(MS. Grec, No.

library

stained-glass

n.

personage,

tli

inspiration

of representing the

Great,

St. Basil

the

ol

ai

of the Paris Library

in

or St.

been

resting

;o,

[>.

on the shoulders of

mode

Pop

of

gives to

must

I

sainted

a

indicates

that

mode

a

story

he followed by subsequent oral delivery of the inspired

(to

this

tntries

Thus

of the

that

all

constant

a

Holv Ghost

by the

inspiration

—

this

his white dove,

head

his

second,

;

mouth,

flying

is

it

Dunstan and

-St.

nimbus round

the

hold

to

nl

should disturb

it

—

rounded miniature

given as that of

is

102.;);

in the

and Mr. Planche

made, during the

lifetime

of that

prelate.

[The Habits, died

i.

pi.

miniatures

20 and

copied 26),

A.D. 980) presenting

the his

from lattei

the

MS.

Ilarlci.m

bei

i

.11

book of prayers

as to

St.

monastery of Canterbury, from the frontispiece of the book written, according to

Dr. W.iagen, evidently

at

290S,

that

by Strutt (Dresses

of the

Abbot

Augustine, itself,

the

are of

Elfnoth

.uv\

(who

founder of the

German

Augsburg, about A.D. 1000

—

execution,

1010.]

CR1P1

.i

[Anothei \

,

3

II

Archbishop

being the ,.

figure

.1

Canterbury, from

,|

intended

Dunstan, just

for

St

writers,'

a

the

Expositio

supposition

he

1

"Dunstan.

in

which

is

I

drawn

the

that

the

Benedict.

The MS.,

copy of -Dunstan. of

the

tring

[Ausculta]

as representing

century."

twelfth

the

un

Obs
n of the tenth century, described

3.

of

dunng

p

arttst.

>n

the

130.

p.

two large rude and much defaced illuminated been reproduced m in p. 47. have also

volume, described above

this

in

add-on

a subsequent

strong confirmation by my discovery, of the tenth century, has received apparently by the work through the press, of a miniature f

at_

XP1

London.

Antiquaries of

Society of

of the

in

occurs

to.

illuminated page of the

chromolithograph, faos.m, e from the d, This page has been reproduced in part of the "Vetusta Monumenta Mr. Gruner. for the forthcoming

s,

,

here referral

mice

the lower part Of the grand

«

J4 („ot' ,34).

of cats and

The group

23

line

"where the heathen."

43, read

line

6,

«

P

drawing, of Miss Stokes, for the Soctery of facsim.lc by Mr. Gruner, from the

Annquanes

of London.

P

of

MacRegol,

grand

St.

Luke down

arc surrounded by rows of

P.

For

4.

my

press,

Gospels, written entirely

the

attention has been

Libra

of the Bodleian

librarians

the

in

of those

style

Ik

and John. however, only the Gospels of Saints Luke

Mac

Gospels of

P. So, line

of the

4tO. volume of

from having been pasted Style of the

Macray, one

containing,

page of

initial

W.

fine large

remains of a

work through the

the progress of this

During

56

directed by the Rev.

remains, and

now

only

the

bonk;

Chad.

The

the cover of

to

Regol and

red dots. stories,

Its

St.

it

press-mark

unfortunately it

is

ornamented

initials

much

is

entire!)

1

injured in the

of the verse, thro

Rawlinson B. N. 167.

is

read

plate my " Palseographia sacra" I devoted an article and a Ouen and Bishop Kicemarchus, giving a facsimile of the commei The two other illuminated pages ol l'salm from the latter MS.

to the

In

87.

Psalters of St.

I

of the

51st

volume, containing the beginning of the fac-simile

1st

and .o.st Psalms,* haw

by Mr. Gruner, from the drawings of Miss Stokes,

for the

beer

reproduced

in

Society of Antiquaries

of London. Plate

C

1,

line

of

3

having been omitted

•

the

text,

some

eventh

for

CSAIA,

ESAIA

read

1

the

read

century,

Fo!

PI.

1;.

For menu, read

PI.

22

For Durnon, read Diirnan.

PI.

28.

For Penetential, read

PI.

47.

For Winchester Cathedral,

kulh century.

See

p.

4'.

The numeration of

the Psalms d

Roman use;

of

the

" otc

m

thc

>i

|

Prayer-boot from thai of the

cross-bar

copies of the Plates.

1;

PI.

present

in

maiiK.

Penitentiale.

I'

the 5. stand 101st

read

in

-

collect

I

orpus

(

'

as

found a third,

Monastery of St Isidore of

liri

iti

at

I ,

that

wise

in 1

which e

b

withsmall

in

memoir

on,

1

u

\L -,

1

1

..,

,1,,

I,,,.

1

u.

impoi ,,.,

J

1

"., in.

This

is

relic

,,

read

i

Ixford,

the -

2

S67. st November. metal There- remain also various specimens of ,.,,,, .nt.tions of theCrucu ,-,th, 1

I

objects of

Royal Irish Academy,

now bi

I,

rtging

.

,

oil have most probably been affixed to shrines or 01 these the most rem,, reli

SHRINES AND CASKETS.

so,

sses.

Mis, S Uy illustrated and described by

the library of the

in

Rome, and

Coll, gi

of

liki

,

Ml

ol

f,

The bottom of theshni Greek en mented with a diaper fumed of small

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