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�� I thought it would rain, and it did. �� After the rainfall, the sun ﬁnally came out. �� I like rock, pop, blues, country, and hip-hop. �� Amateur dancers, who often know little about traditional Spanish music, sometimes confuse dances such as the mambo and the samba. �� On August 8, 1976, the music world changed forever. �� Sarah said, “I love you,” and she meant it. �� 4,251,730 �� Greg, give me the remote control. �� The hot, humid, nasty day made Alison irritable. �� Jenny likes the Mets; Pedro, the Angels; and Frank, the Marlins.

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�� In certain academic corners, Philippa Foot’s mid-century philosophy is inﬂuential. �� I don’t speak French. �� The cat’s play outside. He call’s his dog.

�� “I would have been great,” he insisted. �� Not every love affair is “star-cross’d.” �� Shelley’s “Ode to a Skylark” meditates on spontaneous artistic creation. �� Hey “Dad”! This win’s “for you.” ��

�� Betsy liked to sew; it was her passion. �� He had an old, unraveling sweater; a new, handknit sweater; and a faded, torn pair of jeans.

�� The dog eats his food. The dog eat his food. �� The actors in the movie, which we went to see before dinner on Tuesday, were impressive. The actors in the movie, which we went to see before dinner on Tuesday, was impressive. �� The band of soldiers piles into the chopper. The band of soldiers pile into the chopper. �� One of the backup singers was unable to perform at the President’s Day concert. One of the backup singers were unable to perform at the President’s Day concert. �� Frankie and Edmund love dancing. Frankie and Edmund loves dancing. �� Cutting and pasting is a good technique to master. Cutting and pasting are a good technique to master. �� Either Darla or Judith is going with me to the dance. Either Darla or Judith are going with me to the dance. �� Neither milk nor eggs contain much Vitamin A. Neither eggs nor milk contains much Vitamin A.

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�� She liked all sorts of movies. Such as dramas, comedies, and mysteries. She liked all sorts of movies, including dramas, comedies, and mysteries. �� You should never not change the batteries in your smoke detector. You should always change the batteries in your smoke detector. �� There are many people in India, the country has a high population density. There are many people in India; the country has a high population density.

��

�� Although most people believe that “April showers bring May ﬂowers,” May often proves to be a far rainier month than April. For the past ﬁve years, the average East Coast rainfall in May has been 4.6 inches, as opposed to just 3.2 inches for April. When confronted with this statistic, some �� meteorologists argue that April once was rainier than �� May, before ocean current patterns shifted to increase �� May’s average rainfall. Others point out that, in some Hanging in the closet, my dress smelled like mothballs. parts of the world, April remains rainier than May. A Hanging in the closet, I saw my dress. third group ofﬁcially opposes any inquiry into the statistical anomaly, asserting that “‘April showers bring May �� ﬂowers’ is a totally unscientiﬁc proverb perpetuated by �� TV weather reporters who lack real understanding of the Julia is shorter than Isabelle. weather.” Although no one doubts the fallacy of the everIsabelle is the more imaginative of the two girls. popular adage, the scientiﬁc community does not agree on �� the reason for the statement’s untruthfulness. �� Jack is the fastest runner in the group. Luther is the most gifted dancer in New York.

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�� Original: Jenny and Sarah crashed Matt’s car into a tree. �� With pronouns: They crashed his car into it. �� None of us is perfect. �� None are as angry as those whose money was stolen. �� As John showed his house to Joseph, John asked him �� what he thought of it. John asked Joseph what he thought of his house. �� Disagreement between the North and South over tariffs �� and states’ rights was a more signiﬁcant cause of the Civil They thought of calling a cab, but you can’t always trust War than were opposing views about slavery. cab drivers, so they didn’t. �� They thought of calling a cab, but they didn’t trust cab �� drivers, so they didn’t. ��

This downloadable PDF copyright © 2004 by SparkNotes LLC.

SPARKCHARTS™ English Composition page 1 of 4

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eve that “April showers bring roves to be a far rainier month e years, the average East Coast 6 inches, as opposed to just 3.2 ronted with this statistic, some April once was rainier than t patterns shifted to increase thers point out that, in some remains rainier than May. A ses any inquiry into the statishat “‘April showers bring May ntiﬁc proverb perpetuated by lack real understanding of the doubts the fallacy of the everc community does not agree on t’s untruthfulness.

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�� North and South over tariffs re signiﬁcant cause of the Civil ews about slavery. ��

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�� Passive: My car was driven to Tulsa by Sarah. �� Active: Sarah drove my car to Tulsa. Almost as soon as the Civil War ended, Americans began to search for a way to Passive: The hill was taken. understand the reasons for the bitter conﬂict. Even today, strong feelings and perActive: The soldiers took the hill. sonal bias inﬂuence debate over the causes of the war. Because the years leading up to the war were characterized by growing conﬂicts over a series of political and �� economic disagreements between the Northern and Southern states, isolating indi�� vidual causes of the war is difﬁcult. It is easy to assume that the main cause of the �� war was disagreement over slavery simply because the outcome of the war had �� such dramatic effects on the institution of slavery. In fact, disagreement between �� the North and South over tariffs and states’ rights was a more signiﬁcant cause of �� the Civil War than were opposing views about slavery. �� I told her to be brave, love her country, and that she should trust in God. �� I told her to be brave, to love her country, and to trust in God. �� The movie bored the audience because it dragged on for hours, had repetitive �� music, and was the ﬁrst work of a director who liked to use jarring camera tech�� niques and numerous characters. �� The movie, which was its director’s ﬁrst effort, bored the audience with its exces�� sive length, repetitive music, rudimentary direction, and numerous characters. �� These instances of three-dimensional representation manifest the preoccupation �� with concrete structure inherent in their societal formation. �� These sculptures demonstrate their society’s interest in structure. Disagreements between the North and South regarding cotton tariffs created a There is a urn that sits next to the ﬁreplace. divisive political atmosphere that was instrumental in states’ decisions to secede An urn sits next to the ﬁreplace. from the Union. Vice President John Calhoun proposed that individual states had the right to nullify speciﬁc acts of Congress in order to protect the welfare of the �� states against the federal government. When Calhoun proposed this doctrine of nul�� liﬁcation, it became clear that the South worried that the North was wielding power �� in order to damage the South’s economy. This worry inﬂuenced the Southern states �� to consider separation from the North. In short, the economic issue of cotton export, �� separate from moral concerns over slavery, marked the initial split between North The average American washes his hands three times every day. and South. The average American washes his or her hands three times every day. �� Average Americans wash their hands three times every day. �� I’m sorry that your mother was run over by a car. �� I’m sorry that your mother passed away.� �� Maggie didn’t complete her work because she is motivationally challenged. �� Maggie didn’t complete her work because she is lazy. �� Ben hit the nail on the head when he suspected Isabel of boosting his watch. �� Ben’s suspicion that Isabel had stolen his watch was astute. �� In 1876, after the end of the Civil War, Confederate General Robert Hunter asked, �� “Had the South permitted her property, her constitutional rights and her liberties �� to be surreptitiously taken from her without resistance and made no moan, would The argument was veiled behind a sea of disagreement. she not have lost her honor with them?” Understanding that the South feared not Disagreement veiled the argument. only a loss of slave labor, but also a loss of honor, can make the root causes of the A sea of disagreement surrounded the argument. Civil War a bit clearer. In referring to “her constitutional rights and her liberties,” Hunter does refer to the institution of slavery. However, he also refers to the pride �� of economic productivity, which the South feared would wither and die under the �� economic policies of the North. Although an absolute understanding of the causes of He stood by her side through thick and thin; even when their relationship was on the Civil War is unattainable, identifying the interactions among various causes is the rocks, he saw the light at the end of the tunnel. an ongoing project. He was loyal to her both in good and bad times; even when they had disagree-

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This downloadable PDF copyright © 2004 by SparkNotes LLC.

ments, he was optimistic that their relationship would remain strong.

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SPARKCHARTS™ English Composition page 2 of 4

�� There was much dirt in the old truck. He tried to affect the outcome. He compared her apple pie to heaven. Dirt has many uses. He had an effect on the outcome. He compared Lincoln with Hitler. �� It is the predominant idea among scientists. �� The loud music aggravated her headache. The idea predominates among scientists. My sense of humor complements her love of laughter. The cigarette smoke irritated her throat. I paid her a compliment. �� The dancer was all ready to go on stage. �� I agree with the principle of nonviolence. The dancer’s performance is over already. �� Human error was the principal cause of the accident. The Earth rotates continuously. �� Principal Jones suspended the student. My girlfriend continually asks me to give her ﬂowers. �� He said he felt all right. He said he felt alright.

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�� The previous arrangement existed prior to this arrangement. This arrangement was made before the new informa tion came to light.

�� She liked it a lot. They left the party discreetly to avoid making a scene. �� She liked it alot. He had several discrete groups of friends. �� The seer prophesied that Oedipus would be ruined. The poem contains an allusion to Greek mythology. �� The prophecy came true when Oedipus killed his The ghost was an illusion. �� father and married his mother. He was an expert in tropical dieases: malaria, typhoid �� fever, cholera, etc. I want to quote Twain in my paper. A hero played a harp for an hour. She loved Shakespeare’s more fanciful comedies, e.g., That quotation from Twain’s novel is really clever. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. �� Asbestos is carcinogenic, i.e., cancer-causing. �� The terror of the situation was real. �� The situation was really terrifying. The loud drum music damaged her aural capabilities. �� I did real well. Regular brushing and ﬂossing are important compoAfter further thought, he chose to surrender. �� He moved the desks farther apart to avoid crowding. nents of oral hygiene. �� Take off your shoes and rest awhile. The good man donated half of his estate to charity. Rest for a while. I don’t feel well; my stomach hurts. �� Cornelius was smarter than Rocky. �� I slept, and then I woke up. �� We hung the stockings on the line. He glanced backward. The convicts were hanged. �� She caught his backward glance. �� The ticket that John bought was nonrefundable. Its main use is as a spice grinder. �� John paid for the ticket, which cost ﬁfty dollars. It’s used mainly for grinding spices. �� The bad man hit his brother. �� He plays tennis badly. �� Their eyes were closed in sleep. She hurt him bad. �� They’re sleeping. I lied to her and now I feel badly about it. Julie lays down the book. Julie lies down for a nap. �� Try to stop me. �� In winter, there is less daylight because the sun is in You will try and fail. I ran beside the river. He is a liar, and besides that, a thief. the sky for fewer hours. Try and stop me.

�� Taking off your backpack would help in lightening We used to play ball in this ﬁeld. �� your load. We use to play ball in this ﬁeld. This secret will remain between you and me. He was struck by lightning during the storm. �� Among the four brothers, Aaron was the tallest. �� I will go to the party if I get my work done ﬁrst. �� I wonder whether the plane will arrive on time. �� I took a deep breath. He ran quickly, as a runner should. I breathe heavily. I wonder if the plane will arrive on time. He ran like the wind. If the plane is late, he will wonder what is wrong. �� Who is coming to the party? Senator Smith walked into the U.S. Capitol. �� Whom should I invite? Salt Lake City is the capital of Utah. He had little hope. Tim saw Cheryl, who was wearing a red coat. Every sentence must begin with a capital letter. He had few prospects. Tim saw Cheryl, whom he loves like a sister.

�� Oil paint is the favorite medium of many artists. The city council met on Tuesday. Art students learn techniques in a variety of media, I was confused, but my teacher gave me counsel. including pencil, oil paint, and watercolor.

This downloadable PDF copyright © 2004 by SparkNotes LLC.

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