Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders [2 ed.] 3319912798, 9783319912790

Table of contents :
Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
About the Editor
List of Field Editors
Associate Editor
Contributors
A
μ
μ Rhythm
1-[1-[4,4-Bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-piperidyl]-2-benzimidazolinone
15q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
16p11.2
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
3-(2-Chloro-10 H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine Hydrochloride
3-Chloro-5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine Monohydrochloride
3-Day Measles
504 Plan
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Qualification Under Section 504
Application of Section 504 in Education (From Preschool Through Postsecondary)
Eligibility Determination
Application in Postsecondary Education
Application in Employment Settings
Future Directions
Increased Prevalence
Technology
Social Skills Instruction
See Also
References and Reading
5-HT
5-Hydroxytryptamine
7-[4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Deficiency
7q11.23 Duplications
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-α] [1,4] Benzodiazepine
AACAP
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
AACAP Practice Parameters
Aarskog Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Aarskog-Scott Syndrome
ABA
ABAS, Second Edition
ABAS-II
ABC
ABC-C
ABC-R
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Aberrant Behavior Checklist - Community
Aberrant Behavior Checklist - Residential
ABI, Autism Behavior Inventory
Abilify
ABI-S, Autism Behavior Inventory-Short Form
ABLLS: Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills
ABLLS-R
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Abnormality
Abolishing Operations
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Role of AOs in Behavior Assessment
Reducing Challenging Behavior with AO-Based Interventions
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Absence Seizures, Second Edition
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Academic Disability
Academic Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Academic Subjects in Relation to Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Academic Supports
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Cognitive Profile of Many Individuals with ASD
The State of the Use of Academic Supports
Description of Commonly Used Academic Supports with Students with ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Academic Testing
Acallosal Syndrome
ACC
Accommodations
Accommodations in Testing
Accuracy of the ADOS-2 in Identifying Autism Among Adults with Complex Psychiatric Conditions, The
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Accuracy of Treatment Implementation
Acetylcholine: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
ACh
AChE-Inhibitors
Achievement Testing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Achieving a Better Life Experience Savings Account (ABLE Savings Account, ABLE Account, 529A Savings Plan, and 529A Account)
Definition
History of ABLE Accounts
Principles of an ABLE Account
Qualified Disability Expenses for an ABLE Account
Possible Challenges with an ABLE Account
Helpful Resources for State-by-State Comparisons of ABLE Programs
Key Considerations When Selecting an ABLE Account Program
Hiring Legal and/or Financial Professionals as a Recommended Best Practice
See Also
References and Reading
Achieving Academic Independence in Middle School-Outpatient (AIMS-O)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Acquired Autism
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Acquired Dysgraphia
Action Level Imitation
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Action on Objects
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Action Prediction in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Active-But-Odd Group
Definition
Active but Odd
See Also
References and Reading
Activities of Daily Living
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Activity Schedules
Activity-Based Instruction
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Acuity
Definition
References and Reading
Adapin
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Adaptive Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Adaptive Behavior Predicting Postschool Outcomes
Definition
Adaptive Behavior
Postschool Outcomes
Historical Background
Transition to Adulthood for Youth with ASD
Adaptive Behavior Profiles in ASD
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Adaptive Behavior Scales
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Adaptive Skills
ADD
Adderall
Adding
Addison-Schilder Disease
ADHD
ADHD Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
ADHD=Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Adipocytokine
ADI-R
Adjustment
Admission, Review, and Dismissal Committee (ARD Committee)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Spontaneously Attending to Real-World Scenes: Use of a Change Blindness Paradi...
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
ADOS
ADOS-T
Adrenaline
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Adult Follow-Up Studies
Definition
Current Knowledge
Natural Course
Mortality
Selected Longitudinal Outcome Studies
Cognitive Function
Associated Co-Occurring Conditions
Social Relationships
Education and Employment
Forensic Problems
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Adult Repetitive Behaviors Questionnaire-2-Revised (RBQ-2A-R)
Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile (AASP)
Adult-/Clinician-/Teacher-Directed Approaches
Adulthood, Transition to
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Advocacy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Affective Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Affective Development in the Early Years
Affective Development in Childhood
Affective Development in Adolescence and Adulthood
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Affective Disorders (Includes Mood and Anxiety Disorders)
Affective Regulation
Affixes
Affliction
Afghanistan and Autism
Abstract
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
Conclusion
See Also
References and Reading
AFLS
Age Appropriate
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Age Equivalents
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Age of Onset
Age of Recognition
Age Period Cohort Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Relevance to Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Ages and Stages Learning Activities
Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Second Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Agnosia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Agraphia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Aicardi Syndrome
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Aide
AIMS
Akathisia
Definition
References and Reading
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
ALD
Aler-Cap [OTC]
Aler-Dryl [OTC]
Aler-Tab [OTC]
Alexithymia
Autism: Definition
Categorization
Natural History
Related Studies of the Brain
Gender Issues
Autism Disorder, Autism Spectrum, Autism Spectrum Disorders, or?
Alexithymia
Autism, Alexithymia, and Humor
Nature or Nurture?
Different Levels of Achievement
The Very Intelligent Individual´s Problem
Treatment, Education, or Just Acceptance
Asperger/Autist: Truth Teller, Fundamentalist, Terrorist?
In the Judiciary
See Also
References
Allele Similarity
Allen, Doris
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Allergies
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
AllerMax [OTC]
Aloof Group
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Alpha (α) Error
Alpha-4 Beta-2 Nicotinic Agonists
Alpha-7 Nicotinic Agonists
Alpha-Amino Acid
Alprazolam
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Altaryl [OTC]
Alterations in Chromosome Structure or Number
Alternative Communication
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Alternative Diagnostic Concepts
Definition
Historical Background
The ICD
The DSM
Factor Analytic and Latent Class Models
Signal Detection Models and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)
Continuous Distribution Models
Current Knowledge
The DSM with a Particular Focus on Autism
Current Clinical Practice and Research Use of the DSM
Alternative Diagnostic Categories and Systems
Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder (MCDD)
Deficits in Attention, Motor Control, and Perception (DAMP)
Disorders of Empathy
Nonverbal Learning Disability
Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE)
Future Directions
The DSM-5 and the ICD-11
Comorbidity and the DSM System
ASD in the DSM-IV and the DSM-5
Alternative Diagnostic Systems
MCDD
DAMP
Disorders of Empathy
Nonverbal Learning Disability
ESSENCE
See Also
References and Reading
Alti-Haloperidol
Amantadine
Definition
References and Reading
Ambien
American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN)
American Academy of Neurology
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Major Activities
References and Reading
American Academy of Pediatrics
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
References and Reading
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Mission Statement
AAIDD Has Adopted a 7-Point Set of Principles (or Core Values) Relative to Its Mission
AAIDD´s Goals
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
American Board of Genetic Counseling
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Mission Statement
Membership
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
American Medical Association
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References
American Psychiatric Association
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
American Psychological Association
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
American Sign Language (ASL)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Americans with Disabilities Act
Definition
Areas Covered by the ADA
Employment
Public Entities and Public Transportation
Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities
Telecommunications
Landmark ADA Cases
Historical Background
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-336)
Current Knowledge
New Disability Definition
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Amino Acid Disorders
Amino Acids
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Aminoacidopathies, Disorders of
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Amitriptyline
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride
Amitryptiline
Amphetamine
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Amygdala
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Amygdala-Prefrontal Network
Amygdaloid Complex
Anafranil
Analog Condition Functional Analysis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Analysis of Verbal Behavior (AVB)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Analyst
Analytic Processing
Anatomy of Human Ear
Androgens (Male Sex Hormones)
Anecdotal Observation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anecdotal Record
Angelman/Prader-Willi Locus
Angelman/Prader-Willi Syndromes
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Anger Rumination in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Anger Rumination and Associations with Co-occurring Disorders in ASD
Anger Rumination and the Relationship with Core ASD Symptoms
Rumination and Emotion Dysregulation in ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Animal Models
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Strategies for Designing Rodent Models of Autism
Rodent Behavioral Tasks Relevant to the Diagnostic Symptoms of Autism
Sociability
Communication
Repetitive Behaviors and Resistance to Change in Routine
Associated Symptoms
Control Parameters
Future Directions
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Anime, Manga, and the Etiology of Autism
Historical Overview
Current Research
Future Directions
References and Reading
Annual Review
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anorexia
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (A-B-C) Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Narrative Recordings
Open-Ended A-B-C Recording
Specific A-B-C Recording
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Anterior Cingulate
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Antianxiety Medication
Anticholinergic
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anticholinesterase Inhibitors
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anticipated Regression
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressant Medications
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Antidepressants
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Levetiracetam (Keppra)
Zonisamide (Zonegran)
Vigabatrin
Topiramate (Topamax)
Benzodiazepines
ACTH and Steroids
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Antigluten Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Anti-Hist [OTC]
Antihistamines: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Antipsychotic-Induced Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics: Drugs
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Antipsychotics
Atypical Antipsychotics
See Also
References and Reading
Antiseizure Medications
Antiyeast Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Anxiety
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anxiety and Depression from Adolescence to Old Age in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition and Historical Background
Epidemiology
Anxiety
Depression
Natural History and Outcomes
Pathophysiology
Demographic Factors
Cognitive Functioning
Core Autism Symptoms
Transdiagnostic Factors
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Pharmacological Treatments
Psychosocial Treatments
Conclusion
See Also
References and Reading
Anxiety Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Interviews
General Anxiety Rating Scales
Syndrome-Specific Anxiety Measures
Observational and Self-monitoring Methods
Direct Observation
Self-monitoring Procedures
Treatment
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy (CBT)
Pharmacotherapy with SSRIs
Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
SSRIs
Buspirone
Dextromethorphan
See Also
References and Reading
Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS)
Anxiolytic Drugs
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Anxiolytics
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Anxious Personality Disorder
Anxiset E (India)
APA Division 33 Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Definition
Mission Statement (2020)
Historical Background
Division History
Current Knowledge
Landmark Contributions: Autism Spectrum Disorder
Division Publications
Major Activities
Division Awards
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Apgar Score
Definition
References and Reading
Aphasia
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Aphonia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Apo-Haloperidol
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Apprenticeships
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Appropriate Adaptation
Appropriate Educational Placement
Apraxia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
Arab Views on Autism
Historical Background
Overview of Current Research
Future Directions
References and Reading
Arciform Rhythm
ARD Committee
Argentina and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Resources
Parent-Based Organizations
Education
Aricept
Ariclaim
Aripiprazole
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Aristaless-Related Homeobox Gene
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Arlington Central School District v. Murphy 2006 (IDEA Not Authorizing Expert Evaluations)
Definition
Arlington Central School District v. Murphy
Current and Future
See Also
References and Reading
Arousal
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Art Therapy and Autism
Definition of Art Therapy
Historical Background of Art Therapy
Purpose and Underlying Theory
Benefits of Art Therapy with Individuals with Autism
References and Reading
Articulation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Articulation Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Articulatory Apraxia (or Dyspraxia)
ARX
ASAS
ASAS-R: Australian Scale for Asperger´s Syndrome - Revised
ASD
ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
ASD=Autism Spectrum Disorder
ASDI
ASHA FACS
ASIEP-2
ASPEN
Membership as of October 2016
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Mission
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
Asperger Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Comorbidities
Outcome
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Clinical Expression
Etiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Asperger Syndrome (AS)
Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Interview
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Participants
Reliability
Interrater Reliability
Intrarater Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Books
Journal Articles
Web Pages
Asperger Syndrome Epidemiology
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Asperger Syndrome Follow-Up Studies
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Childhood
Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Core ASD Symptoms
Cognitive Profile
Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms
Adaptive Functioning
Predictors of Adolescent Outcome
Summary and Conclusions
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Asperger Syndrome Training & Employment Partnership (ASTEP)
Asperger, Hans
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Asperger´s
Asperger´s Disorder
Aspire: The Asperger Syndrome Association of Ireland
Introduction
Landmark Contributions
Major Areas of Activity
Educational Drama Classes (in Conjunction with Trinity College Dublin) Provide Social Skill Training to About 90 Children, Ado...
ASQ Family Access
ASQ Hub (for Monitoring Screening Programs of Multiple Organizations)
ASQ Pro (for Single-Site Programs) and ASQ Enterprise (for Multisite Programs)
ASQ:SE
ASQ-3 Materials Kit
ASQ-3™
ASRS
Assessing Quality of Life in Autism
Definition
Historical Background and Measurement
Current Knowledge and Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills (ABLLS)
Synonyms
Description
The ABLLS-R Protocol
The ABLLS-R Scoring Instructions and IEP Development Guide
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Assessment of Functional Living Skills (AFLS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Assessment, Curriculum Guide, and Skills Tracking
Assistant
Assistive Devices
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Associate
Association for Retarded Citizens (Arc)
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
Associative Learning
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Ataxia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Ativan
Atomoxetine
Synonyms
Definition
Clinical Use
Mechanism of Action
Dosing
Side Effects
Pharmacology
See Also
References and Reading
Attachment
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Attachment Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Case 1
Case 2
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Attention
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Attention Deficit Disorder
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Co-occurrence of ADHD and Autism
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Attention Network Tests in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Orienting
Alerting
Executive Control
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Attention Process Training (APT) Program
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task
Consonant Trigrams/Brown-Peterson Task
Trails B
The Stroop Task
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Attention Tunnelling
Attentional Disengagement
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Attribution of Mental States
Attributions (First Order/Second Order)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Atypical
Atypical Antipsychotics
Synonyms
Indications
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Olanzapine and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Symbyax)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (Geodon) and Ziprasidone Mesylate (Geodon)
Mechanisms of Action
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ziprasidone
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Ziprasidone
References and Reading
Atypical Autism
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Audiovisual Media Content Preferences of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Audition
Auditory Acuity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Brain Area
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Brainstem Response, ABR
Auditory Cortex
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Discrimination
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP)
Auditory Integration Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Perceptual Disorder
Auditory Potentials
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Processing
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Processing Disorder
Auditory System
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Verbal Agnosia
Auditory Verbal Learning
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Using Word Meaning to Improve Learning: Semantic Strategies
Using Word Order to Improve Learning: Primacy and Recency Effects
Using Repetition to Improve Learning: Learning Curves and Retention over Time
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Device
Augmentative and Assistive Technology
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Australia and Autism
Historical Background
Diagnosis
Early Intervention
Education
Adult Years
Autism Associations
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Social Justice and Forensic Issues
Overview of Research Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Australian Scale for Asperger´s Syndrome
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Acceptance and Mental Health
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Autism and Epilepsy
Synonyms
Introduction
Categorization
Terminology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology and Etiology
Etiological Mechanisms
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Type of Seizures
Seizure Location
Epilepsy Syndromes
Age of Seizure Onset
Intellectual Functioning
Developmental Course
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Issues in Differential Diagnosis
Treatment Considerations
Conclusion
References and Reading
Autism and the Caribbean
Historical Background
Services
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Autism Behavior Checklist
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Autism Behavior Inventory (ABI)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support (CARES) Act of 2019 (Also Referred to as the ``Autism C...
Definition
Legislative Details
Legislative History and Background
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Cymru
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS): Toddler Module
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Family Experience Questionnaire (AFEQ)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Family Experience Questionnaire (AFEQ), The
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism in Ecuador
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Services
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References
Autism in Higher Education: Access, Challenges, and Support Strategies
Background
Transition from High School to College
Different College Pathways
Strengths of College Students with ASD
Challenges Experienced by College Students with ASD
Disclosure of ASD Diagnosis
Attitudes Towards College Students with ASD
Strategies to Support College Students with ASD
Supports for Social Skills
Mentoring Programs
Outcomes for College Students with ASD
Future Directions
References and Reading
Autism in the Courtroom
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Policy
Autism Research Priorities
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Autism Science Foundation
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning (ASIEP-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ)
Autism Services Center (ASC), Huntington, West Virginia
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
References and Reading
Autism Society
Major Areas or Mission Statement
The Autism Society
Major Activities
References and Reading
Autism Speaks
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Funding Autism Science
Assessing the Impact of Research Grant Funding
Science Programs and Initiatives
Awareness
Family Services
Advocacy
Major Activities
Research Grant Programs
Science Initiatives
Clinical Programs
Autism Spectrum Addendum (ASA)
Autism Spectrum Addendum to the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Parent Interview
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometrics
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder and PDA Traits
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism Spectrum Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Theory
Definition
Cognitive Theories of Autism
Theory of Mind
Executive (Dys)Functioning
Central Coherence Theory
Single Attention/Monotropism
Joint Attention
Empathizing/Systemizing Theory
Interaction Theory
Narrative Practice Hypothesis
Sensorially Disturbed Interaction Hypothesis
Time-Parsing Deficit Hypothesis
Enactive Mind Hypothesis
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning Model
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Autism Traits and Parenting
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Autism: Social Communication Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Autism-Europe
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
Representing Persons with Autism and Defending Their Interests at the European Level
Disseminating Evidence-Based Information About Autism as well as Promoting the Exchange of Knowledge and Best Practices on the...
Promoting General Awareness of Autism
Liaising with Other Non Governmental Organizations Sharing Similar Objectives
References and Reading
Autistic
Autistic Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Autistic Regression
Autistic Savants
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ-9)
Autistic Traits and Auditory Discrimination Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Autistic Traits in Prison Populations
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prevalence
Core Autistic Traits and Imprisonment
Other Risk Factors
Service Provision for Autistic People in Prisons
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Autobiographical Memory
Autobiographical Writings
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Autonomic Nervous System
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Autonomous Living
Autonomy
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
AUTS18
Aventyl Hydrochloride
Aversive/Nonaversive Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
AVLT
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Psychopathology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
AXCAM
Ayres, A. Jean
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
Biography: A. Jean Ayres
See Also
References and Reading
Selected Articles by A. Jean Ayres
Azaleptin
B
Babbling
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Babysitter Training Guide for Families with Individuals with ASD
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Bad Science
Balovaptan
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Banophen [OTC]
Banophen Anti-itch [OTC]
Barbiturates
Barnes Akathisia Scale
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Barriers and Facilitators that Prevent and Enable Physical Healthcare Services Access for Autistic Adults
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Barriers to and Facilitators of Successful Early School Transitions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Barriers to Formal Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Basal Ganglia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
BASC-2
BASC-3
BASC-III
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Baseline
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Bayley Scales of Infants Development-II
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Bayley-III
BCaBA
BCBA
BCBA-D
BDQ
Beate Hermelin
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Sample References
Bed-Wetting
Beery VMI
Beery VMI Motor Coordination Test
Beery VMI Visual Perception Test
Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior
Definition
References and Reading
Behavior Analysis
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Analyst Certification Board
Behavior Analyst Certification Board
Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Behavior Development Questionnaire
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Modification
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Observation Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Plan
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Rating Instrument for Autistic and Atypical Children (BRIAAC)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Rating Scale (BRS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Rehearsal
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Behavior Summarized Evaluation-Revised (BSE-R)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Inter-rater Reliability
Convergent Validity Study
Sensitivity and Specificity Study
Clinical Uses
Biological Measures
Sensitivity to Treatment Effects
Family Home Movies: Early Signs
Parents´ Rating of Improvement
References and Reading
Behavior Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Approaches
Behavioral Artistry: The Relationship Between Interpersonal Skills and Effective Treatment Repertoires of Applied Behavior Ana...
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
References and Reading
Behavioral Curricula
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Functional Behavior
Operationalizing Behaviors and Objectives
Measuring Behavior
Individualization
Targeting Prerequisite Skills and Interfering Behaviors
Empirical Support
Existing Behavioral Curricula
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)
Strategies for Teaching Based on Autism Research (STAR)
The Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP)
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Development Questionnaire
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Disorder
Behavioral Flexibility
Behavioral Health Rehabilitation (BHR) Services
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Momentum
Definition
References
Behavioral Objective
Definition
References and Reading
Behavioral Objectives
Behavioral Skills Training
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behavioral Specialist
Behaviorally Based Social Skill Groups
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Behaviorism
Definition
Historical Background
Behaviorists
Current Knowledge
Approaches
Types of Conditioning
Molecular Versus Molar Behaviorism
Applications
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Behaviorist Theory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Bell-Shaped Curve
Benadryl
Benadryl Allergy [OTC]
Benadryl Allergy Quick Dissolve [OTC]
Benadryl Children´s Allergy [OTC]
Benadryl Children´s Allergy Fastmelt [OTC]
Benadryl Children´s Allergy Perfect Measure
Benadryl Children´s Allergy Quick Dissolve [OTC] [DSC]
Benadryl Children´s Dye-Free Allergy [OTC]
Benadryl Dye-Free Allergy [OTC]
Benadryl Itch Relief Extra Strength [OTC]
Benadryl Itch Stopping [OTC]
Benadryl Itch Stopping Extra Strength [OTC]
Benchmark
Benchmark Data
Benchmarks
Bender
Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test II
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Bender, Lauretta
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Bender-Gestalt II
Beneficiary
Definition
Basic Definition
Who May Be a Beneficiary
Rights of a Beneficiary
See Also
References and Reading
Benhaven Residential Services
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Functional Behavioral Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Development
Skills Assessment and Individualized Program Development
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Beta-Alanyl-L-Histidine
Bettelheim, Bruno
Short Biography
References and Reading
Better OutcOmes and Successful Transitions for Autism (BOOST-A) Program, The
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
BG-II
Bias
Bias in Assessment Instruments for Autism
Introduction
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
BIG-2
Bilingualism and Language Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Bilingual Language Development in Toddlers and Preschoolers
Bilingual Language Development at School Age
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Biological Motion
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Biomarker Research in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Specificity of Biomarkers
Individual Versus Composite Biomarkers
Developmental Considerations
Differences At the Group and Individual Level
Current Efforts in Biomarker Discovery
Future Directions
Applicability
Objectivity
Sensitivity
Cost and Scalability
Conclusion
See Also
References and Reading
Biomedical Engineer
Birth Complications
Definition
Definitions
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Birth Order
Birth Order Effects in Autism
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Birth Rank Effect
Birth-to-Three
BITSEA
BITSEA-ASD Subscales
Blindness
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Blitz-Nick-Salaam Krämpfe
Block Design Subtest
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Blood-Oxygen-Level Dependence
Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Contrast
Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Blüm Study
Board Certified Associate Behavior Analyst
Synonyms
Definition
Body Movements, Imitation of
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Bogus Therapy
Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Comprehensive Case Management
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
BOS
BOT-2
BOTMP
Bound Morphemes
Brachmann-de Lange Syndrome
Brain Connectivity Theories of Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Brainstem Audiometry
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER)
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response, BAER
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses in Autism (BAERs)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Brainstem Evoked Response (BER)
Brazil and Autism
Services and Social Policies
Instruments for Diagnosis and Standard Scales in Brazil
Neuropsychological and Speech Pathology Evaluation
Genetic Evaluation in Brazilian Clinical Practice
Overview of Current Treatments and Research Related to Treatment Strategies
Priorities and Future Directions
References and Reading
BRI (Behavior Regulation Index)
BRIAAC
BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function)
BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Broader Autism Phenotype
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Broca´s Aphasia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Brodmann´s Area 4
Brodmann´s Areas
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
BRS
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
Synonyms
Definition
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Bruxism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
BSE
BSE-R
Buckhannon Versus West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources: Definition of Prevailing Party
Definition
In General
Implications for ASD Students
Litigation Strategies
See Also
References and Reading
Bulimia Nervosa
Bullying
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology/Clinical Expression
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
References and Reading
Bupropion
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Buspar
Buspirone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
C
CABS
California Verbal Learning Test, Children´s Version (CVLT-C)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Callosotomy (Surgical Severing)
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery
Synonyms
Description
CANTAB - Induction
Motor Screening (MOT)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Big/Little Circle (BLC)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Visual Memory
Delayed Matching to Sample
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Paired Associates Learning (PAL)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Spatial Recognition Memory (SRM)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
CANTAB - Executive Function, Working Memory, and Planning Tests
Attention Switching Task (AST)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Spatial Span (SSP)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Spatial Working Memory (SWM)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Stockings of Cambridge (SOC)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
CANTAB Attention Tests
Choice Reaction Time
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Match to Sample Visual Search (MTS)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Reaction Time (RTI)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Simple Reaction Time (SRT)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
CANTAB - Semantic/Verbal Memory Tests
Graded Naming Test (GNT)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Notes
Test Modes
Verbal Recognition Memory (VRM)
Overview
Task
Outcome Measures
Notes
Test Modes
CANTAB - Decision Making and Response Control Tests
Affective Go/No-go (AGN)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Note
Test Modes
Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Information Sampling Task (IST)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Stop Signal Task (SST)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Social Cognition
Emotion Recognition Task (ERT)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Other Tests
Visual Analogue Scales (VAS)
Overview
Administration Time
Task
Outcome Measures
Test Modes
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
Drugs
See Also
References and Reading
Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Can´t Versus Won´t Dilemma
Definition
References and Reading
Canada and Autism
Background
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Early Diagnosis and Intervention
School-Aged Children
Adults
Specific Issues
Overview of Research Directions
Pathways
Genetics
Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
Canadian Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CCRC)
Candidate Genes in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Genome-Wide Linkage Studies
Candidate Gene and Genome-Wide Association Studies
Cytogenetic Analysis
Whole-Exome Sequencing
Expression Arrays
Future Directions
Whole-Genome Sequencing: Exome and Regulome
See Also
References and Reading
CANTAB
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Capgras Delusion
Capgras Delusion Syndrome
Capgras Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Psychodynamic and Other Psychologically Comprehensive Theories
Cognitive Neuropsychiatric Theories
Structural and Functional Brain Findings
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Capute Scales (Along with Cognitive Adaptive Test)
Care Pathway for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder on an Inpatient Psychiatric Service
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Caregiver Consent to a Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Research Registry
Definition
References and Reading
Caregiver Training Program
Carnosine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CARS
CARS, Second Edition, High-Functioning Version
CARS, Second Edition, Questionnaire for Parents or Caregivers
CARS, Second Edition, Standard Version
CARS2-HF
CARS2-QPC
CARS2-ST
Case Report
Case Study
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Casein
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CASL
CAT/CLAMS
Catapres
Catatonia
Catatonia, Shutdown and Breakdown in Autism
Types of Catatonia Manifestations in Autism
Possible Early Signs
Common Manifestations and Symptoms
Other Manifestations and Associated Behaviors
Secondary Difficulties and Consequences
Summary of Key Aspects of Autism-Related Catatonia
Assessment
Interventions and Management
Psycho-Ecological Approach
Caution About Medical Interventions
See Also
References and Reading
CATCH 22 (Chromosome 22q11 Deletion Syndrome)
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Catecholamine System
Structure
Dopaminergic System
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
Category Fluency
CAT-Q
Caudate
Caudate Nucleus
Synonyms
Structure
Anatomical Structure
Histology
Neural Connections
Pathways
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Cause and Effect
CBCL 1.5-5
CBCL 6-18
CCC-2
CCPT
CDCVH
CDIs
CdLS
CDT
Ceiling Effect
Definition
CELF Preschool - 2
CELF-5
Description
Diagnostic Battery
Administration
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Center-Based Programs
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Cerebellar Abnormalities in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Neuropathology
Molecular/Cellular Neurobiology
Neuroimaging
Structural MRI
Functional MRI
Other Neuroimaging Modalities
Clinical Testing
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cerebellum
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Cerebral Cortex
Synonyms
Definition
Anatomical Organization
Functional Organization
See Also
References and Reading
Cerebral Gigantism
Cerebral Palsy
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Natural History
Prognostic Factors and Outcome
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Spastic Syndromes
Spastic Diplegia
Spastic Quadriplegia
Spastic Hemiplegia
Dyskinetic-Dystonic
Hypotonia and Ataxia
Associated Impairments
Intellectual Disability (ID)
Epilepsy
Visual Disturbances
Digestive Disorders
Orthopedic Disorders
Urinary Disorders
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Investigations
MRI
Metabolic Investigations
Other Investigations
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Cerebroatrophic Hyperammonemia
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Synonyms
Definition
CSF Composition
CSF Functions
Relevance of CSF to Autism
References and Reading
Cerebrospinal Fluid 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Cerebrospinal Fluid Homovanillic Acid
Certified Rehabilitation Counselor
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC)
CET
Chaining
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Challenging Behavior
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Change Detection
CHARGE Association
CHARGE Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Charter School
Definition
Reference and Reading
CHAT
CHD8
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Path of Physiology
References and Reading
Checklist for Autism in Toddlers
Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Chelation
Definition
References and Reading
Chess, Stella
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Child Abuse in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Child and Family Characteristics that Predict Clinic Appointment Attendance and Alignment with Providers
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Child and Family-Centered Intervention
Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5
Child Behavior Checklist 6-18
Child Behavior Checklist in Autism
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Introduction
CBCL Scales
Historical Background
Studies of the CBCL in ASD Samples
Psychometric Data
Test Development and Psychometric Properties
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Child Language
Child Psychotherapy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Child-Centered Approaches
Definition
References and Reading
Child-Focused Approaches
Childhood Aphasia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)
Childhood Autism
Childhood Autism Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Childhood Psychosis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Childhood Schizophrenia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Premorbid Development
Risk Factors
Obstetric Complications
Eye Tracking
Familial Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Familial Neurocognitive Functioning
Pervasive Developmental Disorder and COS
Neurocognitive Functioning in COS Probands
Comorbid Disorders
Cortical Development in COS
Genetic Studies
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Adverse Effects of Clozapine
Neutropenia and Akathisia
Weight Gain
See Also
References and Reading
Childhood-Onset Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Children with Autism in Foster Care
Definition
Historical Background
Foster Care and Autism
Future Directions
References and Reading
Children´s Communication Checklist (CCC-2)
Synonyms
Description
Uses of the CCC-2
Application and Availability
Historical Background
Checklist for Language-Impaired Children (CLIC and CLIC-2)
The Children´s Communication Checklist: Original Version
Development of CCC-2
CCC-2, US version
Psychometric Data
Australian Sample
CCC-2, US Edition
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Children´s Communication Checklist, Version 2
Children´s Global Assessment Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Children´s Psychiatric Rating Scale
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Children´s Social Behavior Questionnaire
Children´s Unit for Treatment and Evaluation (State University of New York at Binghamton)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Family Focus
Technological Innovation
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Chile and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Services
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Public Health Care
Private Health Care
Obstacles to Quality Service Provision
Financial Burden
Diagnosis
Cultural Aspects
Centralization
Service Provision
Educational Services
Integration Programs
Organizations for ASD
Overview of Research Directions
Clinical Description
Genetics
Treatment
Review of Aetiologies and Alternative Treatments
Government Publications
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Health
Social Policy and Training
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
China and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Services
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
Chlorpromazine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
Cholinergic
Cholinergic System
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Christopher Gillberg
Major Appointments
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
CHRNA7 Deletions
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Chromosome 15q11-q13
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Chronic Dyskinesia
Chronic Hairpulling
Chronological Age Appropriateness
CII
Cingulate Cortex
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Cingulum
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Cingulum Bundle
Cipralex (Canada)
Circle of Friends
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Circumstantial Thinking
Circumstantiality
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
cis-N,N-Dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-propylidene] thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide
Citalopram
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Citrate and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Citric Acid
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
Principles of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Healthcare Discrimination and the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Increased Recognition of Discrimination Issues as Social Determinants of Health
History
See Also
References and Reading
CLAMS
Clancy Autism Behavior Scale
Clancy Behavior Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Class Versus Variable
Classical Conditioning
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Classroom Aide
Classroom Management
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Classroom Structure
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Client Assistance Program
Client Emotional Processing Scale for Autism Spectrum
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Client Emotional Processing Scale for Autism Spectrum (CEPS-AS)
Clinical Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
General Considerations in the Clinical Assessment of ASD
Specific Guidelines and Procedures in the Clinical Assessment of ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Clinical Depression
Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals: Preschool - Second Edition (CELF Preschool-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Clinical Psychology
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clinical Significance
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clinical Social Worker
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clinician
Clock Drawing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clock-Drawing Test
Clomipramine
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Clomipramine (CMI) Hydrochloride
Clonazepam: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clonidine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Clonidine ER
Clonotril
Clopine
Clozapine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Cluster Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cluster Reports and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Clusters of Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cluttering
CM-AT
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CNTN4
CNTN4: Contactin 4
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
CNVs
Coaching Students with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cochlea
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Codic (Verbal Behavior)
References and Reading
Coefficient Alpha
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ASD
Definition
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cognitive Bias
Cognitive Control Circuitry
Cognitive Correlates of Reciprocity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Reciprocity in Children with ASD
Theory of Mind in Children with ASD
Executive Function in Children with ASD
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cognitive Delay
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References
Cognitive Flexibility
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References
Cognitive Measures
Cognitive Rehabilitation
Cognitive Remediation
Cognitive Shifting
Cognitive Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Cognitive Level and IQ in ASD
Attention in Autism
Learning and Memory in Autism
Reasoning and Problem Solving in Autism
Future Directions
References and Reading
Cohen Syndrome
Definition
Historical Background
History
Genetics and Etiology
Incidence and Prevalence
Diagnosis
Current Knowledge
Differential Diagnosis
Specific Characteristics
Neurological
Craniofacial
Ophthalmologic
Musculoskeletal
Endocrine
Developmental Delay and Mental Retardation
Behavioral
Infections
Cardiovascular
Future Directions
Management
See Also
References and Reading
Cohen, Donald J.
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Edited Books
Select Articles (In Reverse Chronological Order)
Cohort Studies
Collaborative Consultation
Collaborative Intervention
Collaborative Program of Excellence in Autism
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
References and Reading
Collaborative Teaming
Collaborative Teaming Model
Collateral Effects of Youth Disruptive Behavior Disorders on Mothers´ Psychological Distress: Intellectual Disability, or Typi...
Definition
Historical Background
Impact of Child Developmental Disability on the Family
Current Knowledge
Child Developmental Disability and Collateral Behavior Problems and/or Mental Disorder
Dispositional Optimism and Positive Beliefs: Buffering the Impact of Child Developmental Disability and Comorbid Behavior/Ment...
Future Directions
References and Reading
College Transitional Programs
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Colossal Commissure
Combat Disorder
Combat Fatigue
Combat Neurosis
Comic Strip Conversations
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Comics
Command
Comment
Commercial Hair Analysis
Common Disease-Common Variant Hypothesis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Common Disease-Rare Variant Hypothesis
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales - Developmental Profile
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales - Normed Edition (2003)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Assessment
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Board
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Disorder
Communication Disorder/Communication Impairment
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Impairments
Communication Intention Inventory
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Administration
Scoring
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Intentions
Communication Interventions
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Communication Services
Communicative Acquisition in ASD
Short Description or Definition
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Communicative Act
Communicative Development Inventories
Description
2nd Edition CDIs (2007)
Spanish CDIs
Additional Developments
CDI Short Forms
Other Language Adaptations
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Normative Samples
Reliability
Validity
CDI-III
CDI Short Forms
Clinical Uses
Administration and Scoring
Parent-Report Pros and Cons
Clinical Uses for the Parent-Report CDIs
See Also
References and Reading
CDI Advisory Board and Website
Other-Language Adaptations
Lex2005 Database
CDI Scoring Program (2004)
References
Communicative Functions
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Communicative Intent
Community Services
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Community Sport
Community Work Crew
Community-Based Services
Community-Based Work Team
Community-Integrated Residential Services for Adults with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Eugenics and Segregation
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Challenges to Institutionalization
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Comorbid ASD
Comorbidity
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Comparison of Diagnostic Instruments for ASD
Introduction
Current Knowledge
Interview-Based Instruments
Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO; Wing et al. 2002)
The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; Lord 1994)
Observation-Based Instruments
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Comparison of Diagnostic Instruments
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Comparison of High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
COMPASS for Hope Training Program
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Competitive Employment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Complete Agenesis
Complete Exhaustion
Components of Advance Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Short Description or Definition
Historical Background
Autism Origins as a Distinct Diagnostic Entity
ASD and ToM Connection
Current Knowledge
Advanced ToM
Distinct Theoretical Components of ToM
How Is Cognitive and Affective ToM Being Measured Up to Now?
Novelties Measuring ToM
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Compoz Nighttime Sleep Aid [OTC]
Comprehension
Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Comprehensive Transition Program
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Compulsiveness
Computed Axial Tomography (CAT)
Computed Tomography
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Computer-Assisted Instruction to Teach Academic Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Computer-Based Intervention Assistive Technology
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
COMT
Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE)
Conduct Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Web-Sites
Confidentiality
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Congenital Aphasia
Congenital Disorders
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Congenital Metabolic Diseases
Conners´ Continuous Performance Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Conners´ Parent Rating Scale
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Conners´ Teacher Rating Scale
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Consent
Synonyms
Definition
In General
Standard
Current Law
ASD Application
See Also
References and Reading
Consequence-Based Interventions
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Conservatorship
Conservatorship (Full Conservatorship and Limited Conservatorship)
Definition
Principles of Conservatorship
Conservatorship Terminology
Legal Capacity in Conservatorship Cases
Starting a Conservatorship
Ending a Conservatorship
See Also
References and Reading
Constipation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Consulting Teacher
Contactin-Associated Protein 2
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Contingencies of Reinforcement
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Contingency Contracting
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Continuous Data Collection
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Continuous Measurement
Continuous Recording
Control
Controlled Oral Word Association
Controlling Prompt
Conversational Discourse
Conversational Manner
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Convulsion
Co-occurring ASD
Cooing
Cooperative Groups
Copy Number Variation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Co-regulation
Corneal Reflex
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Synonyms
See Also
References and Reading
Corpus Callosum
Synonyms
Definition
Relevance to ASD
See Also
References and Reading
Corpus Callosum Abnormalities in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Correlation
Introduction
Definition
Brief Historicity of the Correlation Coefficient r
An Application of r
The Binomial Effect Size Display (BESD)
Applying the BESD to the Success of Psychotherapy Intervention
Concluding Comments
See Also
References and Reading
Correlational
Cortex
Cortical Deafness
Cortical Language Areas
Synonyms
Structure
Anatomical Organization of Language Cortex in Autism
Anatomical Connectivity of Cortical Language Areas
Function
Functional Specialization of Language Cortex in ASD
Differential Recruitment of the Hemispheres
Differential Functional Activation and Functional Connectivity of Core Language Areas
Compensatory Strategies
Conclusion
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Cortical Remapping
Cortical Rewiring
Cortisol, Serum
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Counterfeit Deviance
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Course of Development
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Course of Social Avoidance in Fragile X Syndrome, The
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Court Decision (ASD Related)
Definition
References and Reading
Important ASD-Related Court Decisions
COVID-19 and Its Impact on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Description of COVID-19
Current Knowledge
State of Emergency
COVID-19 Effects on Mental Health
COVID-19 Disruptions in the ASD Community
Advice to Help Individuals with ASD to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic
Future Directions
Bibliography
CP
CPEP-3
CPRS
CPT
CPT-II
Craniofacial Microsomia
Craniognomy
Craniology
Cranioscopy
Creak, Mildred
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Creativity
Criminality, Interactions with Law Enforcement, and Potential Correlates of Juvenile Justice Involvement Among Youth with Auti...
Objectives
ASD and Crime in the Media
Youth with ASD in the JJS
Prevalence Rates
Types of Crimes
A Comparison with Adult Offenders with ASD
Associated Factors of JJS Involvement
School Discipline
Externalizing Behaviors
ASD and Law Enforcement
Interaction with Law Enforcers
Training Programs for Law Enforcers
Future Directions
Suggestions for Law Enforcers
Suggestions for Caregivers
References and Reading
Criterion
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Criterion Referenced Assessment
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
Criterion-Referenced Testing
Synonyms
Definition
Criterion-Referenced Tests
See Also
References and Reading
Criterion-Referenced Tests
Critical Autism Studies
Synonyms
Definition
Introduction
Disability Studies
Neurodiversity Movement
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Cronbach´s Alpha
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Cross Eye
Cross-Training
Crystallized Intelligence
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CSBQ (Children´s Social Behavior Questionnaire)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
CSBS
CSBS-DP
CSF
CSF 5-HIAA
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CSF HVA
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
CT
Culturally Responsive Assessment of Language and the Challenge Within Standardized Tests
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
CSBS
DELV-NR
CELF-P2
TTFC-2
PLS-5
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Culturally Sensitive Social Competence Training Program for Chinese High-Functioning Adolescents with ASD, A
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Culture and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prevalence
Diagnostic Processes
Treatment
Family Functioning
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Cumulative Incidence
Cumulative Risk
Curriculum
Definition
Historical Background
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Curvature of the Spine
Custodial Grandparents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
CVLT - Children´s Version
CVLTC
CVLT-C
Cyclohexitol
Cylert
Cymbalta
D
Daily Activities
Daily Living Skills
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Daily Routines
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Daily Self-Care Activities
DAISI
DAMP
DAMP Syndrome
D-Amphetamine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DAP:IQ
DAS
DAS-II
D-Cycloserine: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
DDST
de Lange Syndrome
Deaf-Blind
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Deafness
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Deborah Fein
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Declarative Memory
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Decoding Skills
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Deep Pressure Proprioception Touch Technique
Synonyms
References and Reading
Deficits in Attention, Motor Control, and Perception
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Definition: Metaphor
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DeGangi-Berk
DeGangi-Berk Test of Sensory Integration
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Deictic Terms
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Deixis
DEL22q13.3 (Entrez Gene, OMIM, Uniprot)
Delaware Autism Program
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
Delay, Deviance Versus
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Delayed Echolalia
Delusion of Doubles
Delusion of Duplicates
Delusion of Negative Doubles
Delusion of Substitution
Delusional Hypoidentification
DELV-NR
Demand
Demographics and the Age of Autism Diagnosis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Dendrite
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dendritic Cells and Their Expression of Costimulatory Molecules in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Background
Dendritic Cells
Costimulatory Molecules B7 (CD80/CD86)
Dendritic Cells and Costimulatory Molecules in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Myeloid Dendritic Cells (mDCs)
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs)
Costimulatory Molecules CD80 and CD86
Conclusion
References and Reading
Dental Care
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prevention
Appointment Preparation and the Dental Visit
Pharmacological Treatment Aids
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Denver Development Screening Test (DDST)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Denver II
Denzapine
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Depade
Depakene
Synonyms
Indications
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Department of Vocational Rehabilitation
Synonyms
Definition
Types of Vocational Rehabilitation Services
See Also
References and Reading
Depressive Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Depressive Disorders
Derailment
Dermamycin [OTC]
Dermatoglyphic Patterns
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Descriptive Research
Desensitization
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Systematic Desensitization and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Desipramine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Desyrel
Detection of Autism by Infant Sociability Interview
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
The DAISI Schedule
See Also
References and Reading
Detriment in Skill
Developing Countries and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Detection and Diagnosis of ASD
Evidence-Based Therapies
Family Support Systems
Education
Research and Surveillance
Future Directions
Diagnosis
Evidence-Based Therapy
Family
Education
Research and Surveillance
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Developmental Apraxia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
References and Reading
Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS)
Developmental Change
Definition
Developmental Change at the Genetic Level
Developmental Change at the Neural Level
Developmental Change at the Cognitive Level
Developmental Change at the Environmental Level
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental Continuum (Principles of TEACCH)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental Delay
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental Disabilities
Synonyms
Definition
Major Types
References and Reading
Developmental Disabilities - Children´s Global Assessment Scale (DD-CGAS)
Developmental Disability (Ontario)
Developmental Disability (Ontario), Mental Retardation (Former Term)
Developmental Dyscalculia
Developmental Dysphasia
Developmental Dyspraxia
Developmental Intervention Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Mechanisms of Change
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Developmental Language Delay/Disorder
Developmental Language Disorder
Developmental Milestones
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental Reading Disorder
Developmental Right-Hemisphere Syndrome
Developmental Shifts Across Lifespan
Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration
Developmental Verbal Apraxia (or Dyspraxia)
Developmental, Dimensional, and Diagnostic Interview (3Di)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental, Psychiatric, and Genetic Profiles of the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Clinical Expression
Genetics
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Developmental-Pragmatic Approaches/Strategies
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Deviant Sexual Behavior
Dexamfetamine
Dexedrine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dextroamphetamine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and Classification
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnosis of Autism with Low Mental Age
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
Diagnostic Behavioral Assessment for Autism Spectrum Disorders-Revised (DiBAS-R)
Diagnostic Boundaries of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation (DELV-Norm Referenced)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Instruments in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Parent Questionnaires
Semistructured Interviews
Observational Measures
Future Directions
References and Reading
Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Interviews
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Content of the Interview
The Format of the Diagnostic Interview
Implementing the Interview
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Overshadowing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Process
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diagnostic Substitution
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Diastat
Diazepam
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DiBAS-R Validation
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Dichotic Listening
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Didactic Approaches
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Differential Ability Scales
Differential Ability Scales (DAS and DAS-II)
Synonyms
Description
Core Batteries of the DAS-II
Diagnostic Subtests of the DAS-II
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Differential Reinforcement
Definition
Current Knowledge
References and Reading
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Differential Reinforcement Procedures of Alternative Behavior (DRA/DRAlt) of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Differential Reinforcement Procedures of Other Behavior (DRO)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Voxel-Wise
Region of Interest (ROI)
Tractography
Combination DTI
Multimodal MRI
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
DiGeorge Syndrome
Digital, Block-Based Coding of Robots for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
References and Reading
Digitigrade Gait
Dimensional Versus Categorical Classification
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dimethylglycine
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Diminished Capacity
Diminished Responsibility
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Diphen [OTC]
Diphenhist [OTC]
Diphenhydramine
Synonyms
Definition
Side Effects
See Also
References and Reading
Diphenhydramine HCl
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DIR Model (Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship Based): A Parent-Mediated Mental Health Approach to Autism Spect...
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Direct Instruction
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Direct Observation
Definition
References and Reading
Direct Observation Scales
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Directive Play Therapy
Disability
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DISCO
Discontinuous Data Collection
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Discontinuous Measurement
Discourse Management
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Discrete Versus Continuous
Discretionary Trust
Discretionary Trust
See Also
References and Reading
Sources
Discrimination
Discrimination Training
Discriminative Stimulus
Disfluency
Disguised Mands
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Disinhibited Attachment Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Disintegrative Disorder
Disorder of Executive Dysfunction
Disordered Attachment
Disparities Among African Americans with Autism
Historical Background
Overview of Current Research
Future Directions
References and Reading
Disparities in ASD Diagnosis
Dispute Resolution Procedures
Definition
Types of Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures
Arbitration
Mediation
Negotiation
See Also
References and Reading
Disruptive Behavior
Dissocial Behavior
Distributed Practice
Definition
References and Reading
Distribution-Free Statistics
Divalproex
Divalproex Sodium (Depakote, Depakote ER/CP)
Dizygotic (DZ) Twins
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
D-KEFS
DMG
DNA
Domenic Cicchetti
Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Dominance, Cerebral
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DONEP
Donepezil: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dopamine
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Dormicum
Dorsal Medial-Frontal Cortex
Definition
See Also
Reference and Reading
Double Empathy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Studies of Mindreading
Studies of Forming First Impressions
Studies of Metaperception
Neurodiverse Interactions
Interventions Addressing the DEP
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Double-Blind Study
Definition
References and Reading
Douglass Development Disabilities Center
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
Direct Service to People with Autism
Consultation to Schools and Families
Other Services to Families
Educating Undergraduate and Graduate Students
The Research Mission of the DDDC
See Also
Down Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Down´s Syndrome
Doxepin
Drama and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Draw-a-Person Intellectual Ability Test for Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Driving Hazard Perception in ASD
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-5
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-5 and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-III
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-III-R
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-IV
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The DSM-IV Field Trial
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
DSM-IV Field Trial
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
Appendix
References and Reading
Duane, Alexander
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
Due Process
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Dulane
Duloxetine: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Duplic (Verbal Behavior)
References and Reading
Duplin
Durability of Treatment Effects
Duzela
Dysarthria
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dyscalculia
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Dyschezia
Dysexecutive Syndrome
Dysfluency
Dysgenesis (Malformation)
Dysgraphia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dyslexia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References and Reading
Dysphasia
Dysphoria
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dyspraxia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dystaxia
Dysthymia
Dystonia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Dytan
E
Early Childhood Tutor
Early Diagnosis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Proponents´ View
Critics´ Views of EIBI
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Scientific Studies Examining Effectiveness
Critiques of EIBI
Publications That Review EIBI and Other Early Intervention Programs
Books for Parents
Websites
Early Intervention
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Early Language Milestone Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Early Language Milestone Scale-2
Early Literacy
Early Multiword Utterances
Early School Beginnings
Early Social Communication
Early Social-Communication Scales (ESCS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Early Stanford-Binet, Fifth Edition (Early SB5)
Early Start Denver Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Eating Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Disturbed Eating Behaviors in ASD
Proposed Underlying Mechanisms in Disturbed Eating Behaviors in ASD
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
ECHO Autism STAT
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Echolalia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Ecological Inventory
Definition
References and Reading
Ecological Model
Ecological Model of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Ecological Validity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
ECT
EDI
Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Education
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Program Quality Indicators
Sample Schedule and Activities
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Education as Therapy
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (PL94-14 L)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Educational Assistant
Educational Interventions
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Educational Psychology
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Educational Psychotherapy
Educational Testing
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Educational Therapy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
EEG Abnormalities as a Biomarker of Severity in ASD
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
EEG Anomalies
EEG Connectivity During Social Engagement in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
EEG Discharges
Effect of Visual Information on Postural Control in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Effectiveness of a SCERTS Intervention
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Effects of Social Stimuli on Postural Responses
Definition of Autism Disorders and Postural Control
Historical Background of Postural Control
Current Knowledge on Postural Control and Social Cues
Future Directions
References and Reading
Effexor
Effexor XR
Efficacy
Efficacy of Group-Based Organized Physical Activity Participation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Efficacy of Peer Network Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Efficiency (Behavioral Assessment)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Effort (Behavioral Assessment)
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Egypt and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Neuroimmunological Aspect of Autism
Social Policy and Training
See Also
References and Reading
EHI
EI
Eisenberg, Leon
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Elated, Euphoric and Grandiose
Elavil (Amitriptyline)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Elderly with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Elective Mutism
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Electroencephalography
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Electrophysiology
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (No Child Left Behind)
Definition
References and Reading
Elevated, Expansive, or Irritable Mood
Elgar, Sybil
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Eligibility (for Services Under IDEA/ADA, etc.)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Private Health Care Insurance
Public Health Insurance: Medicaid
Conventional Medicaid Eligibility
Medicaid ``Waiver´´ Eligibility
Patient Protection and Accountable Care Act (PPACA)
Disability Benefits
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
Education: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Antidiscrimination: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
ELM Scale-2
Elopement
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Weblinks
ELS
ELS Checklist
Emancipatory Autism Studies
Embedded Figures Test (EFT)
Description
Historical Background
See Also
References and Reading
Emergency Department Utilization and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Population Vulnerability
Non-psychiatric and Psychiatric ED Visits
Risk Factor and Predictors of ED Visits
Future Directions
References and Reading
Emergent Literacy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Emergent Literacy Skills of Preschoolers with Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Emotion and Decision-Making
Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) Program
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Emotion Coregulation Processes Between Parents and Their Children with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
Emotion Coregulation Across Contexts
Longitudinal Design
Dyadic Repair
Clinical Implications
See Also
References and Reading
Emotion Dysregulation Inventory
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Emotion Recognition
Emotion Regulation
Emotion Regulation Strategies in Preschoolers with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Emotional Intelligence in Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Emotional Processing in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Emotional Recognition
Emotional Expression
Theories Underlying Emotional Processing Deficits in ASD
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Emotional Regulation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Emotional Synchrony
Emotionally Withdrawn/Inhibited Attachment Disorder
Emotion-Focused Therapy for Autism Spectrum
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Empathizing-Systemizing Theory
Empathy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Empathy in Individuals with Autism
The Development of Empathy
Measuring Empathy
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Empirically Supported Treatments
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Employ
Employee Development
Employee Performance
Employment
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Employment Consultant
Employment in Adult Life
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Natural Course
Mortality
Selected Longitudinal Outcome Studies
Cognitive Function
Associated Co-occurring Conditions
Social Relationships
Education and Employment
Forensic Problems
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Employment of Adults with ASD: A Motivational Perspective
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Employment Readiness Skills
Employment Services
Employment Specialist
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Employment Trends for People with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Enactive Mind
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Enactive Mind Hypothesis
Encephalography
Enclave
Encopresis
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Special Characteristics of Encopresis in Children with Autism
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Treating Anxiety Symptoms
Minimizing Understanding Difficulties
Treating Physical Causes
Treating Sensory Problems
Treating Rigidity Problems
Treating Refusal to sit on the Toilet
Treating Social Difficulties
Treating Other Difficulties
See Also
References and Reading
Endep
Endep (Amitriptyline)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Endocrine
Endophenotypes
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
England and Autism
Early History
Research
Current Centers for Research, Education, and Publishing
Advocacy
Current Issues and Controversies
Gender
Behavioural Approaches to Autism
Pseudoscience and Cures
Employment
Legal Perspectives on Autism
References and Reading
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Entrepreneurial Model
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Entrepreneurial Supports
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Enuresis
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Environmental Engineering/Modifications
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Priming Strategies
Setting Modifications
Activity-Based Strategies
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Environmental Risk Factors for Autism
Definition
Historical Background and Evidence for a Role of the Environment
Current Knowledge
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
Maternal Environmental Markers
Immune Factors
Medication Usage
Pregnancy Complications
Folic Acid and Related Nutrients
Other Prenatal Nutrients
Alcohol and Smoking
Environmental Chemicals
Air Pollution
Pesticides
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Other Environmental Chemicals
Gene Environment Interactions
Conclusions and Future Directions
References and Reading
EPF Model
Epicanthal Fold
Epicanthic Fold
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Epicanthus
Epidemiology
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Epigenetic Mechanisms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Overview
DNA Methylation
Histone Modifications
Epigenetic Syndromes and ASD
Rett Syndrome and Methyl-CpG-Binding Proteins
Fragile X Syndrome
Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
Epigenetic Modifications in ASD Candidate Genes
Environmental Influences on Epigenetic Modifications
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Epilepsy
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Clinical Expression
Pathophysiology
Shared Molecular Pathophysiology Between Autism and Epilepsy
Genetic Components
Abnormal Brain Development
Abnormal GABA Receptor and Excitatory Receptors in Autism
Abnormal Neurotransmitter Signaling in Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Autism and Epilepsy as a Phenotype
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Epilepsy and Autism
Epileptiform Abnormalities
Epinephrine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Episodic Memory
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Epistasis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Contribution of Epistasis to ``Missing Heritability´´
Epistasis in Autism
Physical Interaction Versus Statistical Interaction
Statistical Methods to Detect Epistasis from Genetic Data
Future Directions
The Role of Epistasis in Genetic Susceptibility to Autism
Testing Epistasis in Genome-Wide Level
The Development of Bioinformatic Approaches
Biological Interpretation of Epistasis
See Also
References and Reading
Equilibrium
Equinus Gait
Equivalence-Based Instruction (EBI)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
ER
ERN
Error Correction
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Error of Measurement
Error-Related Negativity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Escape Extinction
Escape Training
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Escitalopram
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
FDA-Approved Clinical Uses
Clinical Uses of Escitalopram in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Side Effects
See Also
References and Reading
ESCS
ESP
Establishing Operations
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Estate Planning
Definition
In General
Planning for Children with Disabilities, Generally
Planning with Private Assets
Planning with Public Assets
References and Reading
Estrogens (Female Sex Hormones)
Ethics
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Future
References and Reading
Ethiopia and Autism
Historical Background
Historic, Economic, and Cultural History of Ethiopia
Education in Ethiopia
Mental Health in Ethiopia
Autism in Ethiopia
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
See Also
References and Reading
Ethnography
Evaluation of a Transition to University Program for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Autism at University
Understanding Students´ Strengths and Vulnerabilities
Interventions Supporting Student Transition to University
Current Knowledge
University of Bath Autism Summer School (UBASS) Program
Feedback and Evaluation
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Evaluation of Sensory Processing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Event-Related Potential
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Event-Related Potential (ERP)
Everyday Memory
Evoked Potentials
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Evoked Response
EVT-2
Exactingness
Example, Demonstration
Exceptionality
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Executive Function (EF)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Executive Functioning and Martial Arts Training in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Executive Functions
Executive Functions, Social Impairment, Friendship Quality, and Adjustment in HFA with ASD
Definition
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sample References
Exercise
Exercise in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Experimental Research
Explicit Memory
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Exploratory Factor Analysis
Exploratory Play
Expressive Communication
Expressive Dysphasia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Expressive Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Expressive Language Delay
Expressive Language Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Expressive Vocabulary Test II
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Extended School Year
See Also
References and Reading
External Validity
Extinction Procedures
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Extraordinary
Extreme Demand Avoidance
Extreme Male Brain (EMB) Theory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Studies of Empathy and Systemizing
The Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ)
The Role of Social Factors in the Development of Sex Differences
The Role of Prenatal Hormones in the Development of Sex Differences
Evidence Implicating Testosterone in the Etiology of Autism
Conclusions
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Eye Contact
Eye Gaze
Definition
Current Knowledge
Fixations on Another Person´s Eyes
Perception of Direct Gaze
Perception of Averted Gaze
Future Directions
References and Reading
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in Children and Adults with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
EMDR Therapy in Children with ASD
EMDR Therapy in Adults with ASD
Future Directions
Clinical Implications
Scientific Implications
See Also
References and Reading
Eyeblink Reflexes
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Eyes Test
Eye-to-Eye Gaze
Eye-Tracking
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Types of Eye-Trackers
Mechanics of Eye Movements and Common Eye-Tracking Outcome Variables
Limitations of Eye-Tracking
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
F
Face Blindness
Face Perception
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Behavioral Perspectives on Face Perception
Neuroanatomical Perspectives on Face Perception
Fusiform Gyrus
Amygdala
Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)
Neurophysiological Perspectives on Facial Perception
Future Directions
References and Reading
Face Processing in Autism: Active Avoidance of the Eyes Versus Passive Indifference
Definition
Current Knowledge
Deficits in Facial Identity
Deficits in Emotion
Cognitive Strategies in Face Processing and Autism
Eye Avoidance or Eye Indifference?
Eye Avoidance Hypothesis
Gaze Indifference Account
Future Directions
Summary
See Also
References and Reading
Face Processing Tests
Face Recognition
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Face Tests
Face Validity
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Facial Imitation
Facial Inversion Effect
Facial Recognition Tests
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Facilitated Communication
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Faciogenital Dysplasia
Fact Memory
Factor Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Defining the Autism Symptom Phenotype
Assessment Tools Used in Autism
Grouping Variables and Individuals
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Factor Mixture Modeling
Factors Affecting Outcome
Factors Affecting Outcomes
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Fading
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
FAFSA
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
False Positive
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
False-Belief Task
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Family Accommodation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Family Burden
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Family Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Family-Centered Care, Second Edition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Family-Centered Practice
Family-Centered Programming
Fanatrex
FAST (Functional Assessment Screening Tool)
FAS-Test
FazaClo
FBA
Fear
Febrile Convulsions
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Febrile Seizures
Fecal Impaction
Fecal Incontinence
Federal Rules of Evidence
Definition
In General
Admission of Relevant Evidence
Witness
Expert Witnesses
Sources
References and Reading
Feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN)
Feedback on Provider Work Performance
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Feedback-Related Negativity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Feeding Disorder
Feeding Problems
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Feingold Diet
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Fenfluramine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Feral Children
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Ferster, C.B.
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Fetal Alcohol Effects
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Neurological Abnormalities
Neuropsychological Findings
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Growth
The FAS Facial Phenotype
Central Nervous System (CNS) Integrity
Documenting Prenatal Ethyl-Alcohol Exposure (PAE)
Diagnostic Categories
Treatment
References and Reading
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal Anticonvulsant Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Teratogenicity
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Management
Prevention
See Also
References and Reading
Fetal Antiepileptic Drug Syndrome (Fetal AED Syndrome)
Fetal Carbamazepine Syndrome
Fetal Phenytoin Syndrome
Fetal Valproate Syndrome (FVS)
Fidelity of Implementation
Figurative Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Figure-Ground Discrimination
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Figures of Speech
Financial Aid
Fine Motor Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prevalence
Infants and Young Children
Older Children and Adolescents
Motor Imitation
Motor Planning
Stereotypic Movements
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Finger Oscillation Test
Finger-Tapping Test
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Finite Mixture Models
First ``Period´´
First Responders and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
First Words Project
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Project Homepage
Resource for Clinicians, Parents & Students: ASD Video Glossary (Free of Charge)
Fixed Interval
Fixed Ratio
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Flat Prosody
Flexibility
Flight of Ideas
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Floor Effect
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Floor Time/Circle of Communication
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Fludac
Fluency and Fluency Disorders
Synonyms
Incidence and Prevalence
Terminology
Speech-Language Pathologists
See Also
References and Reading
Fluent Aphasia
Fluent Speech
Fluid Intelligence
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Fluid Reasoning
Fluoxetine
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
FDA-Approved Clinical Uses
Clinical Uses of Fluoxetine in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Side Effects
See Also
References and Reading
Fluoxin
Flutine
Fluvoxamine
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
Side Effects
See Also
References and Reading
Fluvoxamine Maleate
Fluxil
fMRI
Fontex
Food Intolerance
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Forced-Choice Preference Assessment
Formal Complaint
Definition
Formal Complaint
In General
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
See Also
References and Reading
FOT
France and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Services for Children
Different Specialized Structures Can Take Care of Children with Autism
Services for Adults
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
Fraternal Twins
Fred R. Volkmar
Name and Degrees: Volkmar, Fred R.
Major Appointments
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Free Appropriate Public Education
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Free Recall
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Free-Operant Preference Assessment
Friendship Satisfaction in Children with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Friendships
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Friendship Formation
Understanding of Friendship
Future Directions
References and Reading
Froidir
Frontal Lobe Findings in Autism
Synonyms
Structure
Frontal Lobes: Anatomy and Function
Function
Pathophysiology
Neuropsychological Studies
Anatomical Studies
Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Studies
Functional Imaging
Activation Studies
Functional Connectivity Studies
Perspectives
See Also
References and Reading
Frontal Lobe Functions
Frontal Lobe Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Psychosocial
Pharmacological
See Also
References and Reading
Frontostriatal Disorder
FTT
Full Physical Prompt
Functional Analysis
Functional Analysis Screening Tool
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Analysis: Assessment Procedures for Complex Challenging Behavior
Definition
Historical Background
Contemporary Considerations
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Assessment
Functional Assessment and Curriculum for Teaching Everyday Routines
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Assessment Phase
Instruction Phase
Evaluation Phase
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Behavior Assessment
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Behavior-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior in Children with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Communication Training
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Connectivity
Functional Ecological Approach
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Goals
Definition
References and Reading
Functional Integration
Functional Life Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Living Skills
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Definition
Historical Background
fMRI Technology
Blood Flow and the Hemodynamic Response
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Functional MRI
Functional Play
Functional Routines (FR), Teaching
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Functional Speech
Functionally Equivalent Alternative Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Fusiform Gyrus (FG)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
G
Gabapentin
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Gabarone
GAD
Games with Rules
Gaming Technologies in Rehabilitation of Individuals with Autism
Definition and Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Direction
See Also
References and Reading
Gamma-Aminobutyric Agonist
Ganglioside Lipidosis
Gangliosidoses
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
GARS
GARS-2
Gastrointestinal Disorders and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Chronic Abdominal Pain
Constipation
Chronic Diarrhea
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Sleep and Gastrointestinal Disturbance
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
GAUTENA Autism Society
Background and Context
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
Services Network
Diagnosis and Treatment
Education
Day Service
Housing Service
Family Support Service
Approach to Quality
Looking at the Future
See Also
References and Reading
Gaze
Definition
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
GEC (Global Executive Composite)
Gelotophobia and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Genahist [OTC]
Gender Differences
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Gene Regulatory Networks in Autism
Structure
Function
Path of Physiology
See Also
References and Reading
General Anxiety
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
General Case Analysis
General Case Model
General Case Programming (GCP)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
General Case Teaching, General Case Instruction
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)
General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12)
Generalization and Maintenance
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
GAD and Autism
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Impairment/Outcome
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
CBT
Medications
SSRIs
Second-Line Medications
Venlafaxine and Duloxetine
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Benzodiacepines
Atypical Antipsychotics
Other Medications
See Also
References and Reading
Generative Complexity
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Generativity
Genetic Disorders
Genetics
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Genome-wide Association
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Geodon
Geodon (Ziprasidone)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Geri Dawson
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Since 2000
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
German Measles
Germany and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Situation
Development of Services
Research
Training
References and Reading
Gesell, Arnold
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Gestural Imitation
Gesture Form and Function in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Gesture Versus Speech: How Does Gesture Communicate?
Gesture Production in ASD
Co-speech Gestures Enhance the Communicative Signal
Co-speech Gestures Benefit a Speakers´ Own Cognitive Processes
Co-speech Gestures May Elucidate Qualitative Differences in Behavior in ASD
Gesture Comprehension in ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Gestures
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
GI Issues
Giftedness
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, Third Edition
Girls Night Out Model, The
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Rationale
Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Improving Social-Emotional Health
Greater Independence and Competency in Self-Care and Social Skills
Treatment Participants
Population
Age and Developmental Considerations
Other Considerations
Treatment Procedures
Program Structure
GNO Curriculum
Related Program Elements and Facilitator Roles
Unique Qualities of Treatment
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP)
Global Aphasia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Global Versus Local Processing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Main Accounts
Conclusion
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Globus Pallidus
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Glu
Glutamate
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Glutamatergic
Gluten-Free Diet
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Goal Attainment of Students with ASD Using COMPASS
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Goldenhar Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology of Goldenhar Syndrome
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Grammar
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Grammatical Morphemes
Grand Mal Seizure
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Grandin, Temple
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Grandma´s Rule
Grants
Gray Matter
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Gray Substance
Gross Motor Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Group Research
Group Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Group Work and Class Discussions
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Group-Based Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Group-Based Organized Sport
Growth Mixture Modeling
GSH-Px1 and Glutathione Hydrogen-Peroxide Oxido-reductase
Guanfacine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Guardianship
Synonyms
Definition
Guardianship
See Also
References and Reading
Guided Compliance
Definition
References and Reading
H
H1 Receptor Antagonist
H1 Receptor Inverse Agonist
Habit Reversal
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Hair Analysis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Hair Mineral Analysis
Hair Trace Metal Analysis
Halcion
Haldol
Haloperidol
Synonyms
Definition
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
Clinical Uses in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Short-Term Research (4-14 Weeks)
Long-Term Research (6 Months or More)
Side Effects, per Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals
See Also
References and Reading
Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Handicaps, Behavior and Skills Schedule (HBSS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Hand-Over-Hand Assistance
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
Handwriting Difficulty
Hanen Approach
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Harris, Sandra
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Hate Crimes/Victimization
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Hatred of Sound
Hay Fever
HBSS
HEA 2008
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Health Disparities
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Health Inequalities
Health Inequity
Healthcare Transition for Individuals with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Hearing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Hearing Sensitivity
Hearing System
Hearing Threshold
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Heart-Hand Syndrome
Heller, Theodore
Name and Degrees
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
HELSNF1
Hemifacial Microsomia
Hemispheric Dominance
Hemispheric Lateralization
Hemispheric Specialization
Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley (Provision of What Is an Appropriate Program)
Definition
In General
Implications for ASD Students
Litigation Strategies
See Also
References and Reading
Heritage Language Use for Intervention in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
HFDT
Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
High-Functioning Autism (HFA)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
High-Functioning Autism Versus Asperger Syndrome
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
High-Functioning Autism Diagnostic Interview
High-Probability Requests
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
High-Throughput Sequencing
Hippocampus
Definition
References and Reading
Hippotherapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Histaprin [OTC]
Histidinemia
Definition
History of Autism as a Diagnostic Concept
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Hoarding in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Assessment
Treatment
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Holliday Willey, Liane
Short Biography
References and Reading
Home Living Skills
Home Schooling in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Academic Barriers to School Success for ASD Students
Social Barriers to School Success for ASD Students
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Home-Based Programs
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Homework/Assignments, Modifications
Homework/Assignments, Modifying
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Horizant
Hormone
HRB
Hug Machine
Definition
Sensory Difference
Research on Deep Pressure
References and Reading
Human Figure Drawing Tests
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Human or Animal Motion
Hydramine [OTC] [DSC]
Hydrocortisone
Hyperactivity Syndrome
Hyperkinetic Disorders
Hyperlexia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Hyperresponsiveness
Definition
References and Reading
Hyperserotonemia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Hypo-arousal
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Hypogenesis (Partial Formation)
Hypoplasia (Underdevelopment)
Hyporesponsiveness
Definition
References and Reading
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Hypotonia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
I
IBSE
ICD 10 Research Diagnostic Guidelines
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Iceland and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Icon
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Iconic Systems
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Identical Twins
Idioglossia
Idiopathic Toe Walking
Idiosyncratic Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
IEP Matrix: Manuscript
IEP Signature Page
IJA/RJA Skills
ILAUGH Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Illusion des sosies
Imagination
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Imipramine
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
References and Reading
Imitation
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Intervening on Imitation
Future Directions
References and Reading
Imitation of Intransitive Actions
Imitation of Nonmeaningful Gestures
Imitative Speech
Immediate Echolalia
Immigrant Status (Epidemiological Studies)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Social and Behavioral Ratings Within the ADOS
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inactive
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Incapacity
Incidence
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Incidence Density
Incidence Rate
Incidental Emotional Processing
Incidental Teaching
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Inclusion
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Role of Teachers in Inclusive Classrooms
Paraeducators
General Approaches to Inclusion
Inclusion in Early Childhood Classrooms
Inclusion for School-Aged Children
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Inclusion of Adolescents with ASD in Community Sporting Clubs
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Inclusion Specialist
Independence
Independent Living
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Independent Variable Measurement
Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
India and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Policy and Training
References and Reading
Indicator
Indiscriminate Friendliness
Indiscriminate Sociability
Indiscriminate Social Behavior
Indiscriminately Social/Disinhibited Attachment Disorder
Individual Appropriates
Individual Education Plan
Definition
Individual Education Program
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
IEP Process
IEP Components
IEP Team
Educational Needs
Current Assessment Information
Educational Needs
Accommodations or Modifications
Related Services
Assistive Technology
Setting
Positive Behavior Supports
Evaluation
Postsecondary Transition
504 Plans
Future Directions
Summary and Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Individualized Education Program (IEP) Team
Individualized Family Service Plan
Definition
IEP Versus IFSP
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
IFSP Process
IFSP Components
IFSP Team
Present Levels of Development
Family´s Resources, Priorities, and Concerns
Child Outcomes
Family Outcomes
Natural Environments
Services
Evaluation
Transition Plan
Non-part C Services
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Individualized Family Services Plan (IFSP) Team
Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE)
Definition
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Individualized Transition Plan (ITP)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Other Areas
Infant Toddler Checklist
Infant/Toddler Checklist
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Infantile Autism
Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Infantile Spasms Syndrome
Infantile Spasms/West Syndrome
Synonyms
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Prognostic Factors
Outcomes
Short Term
Long Term
Autism and Infantile Spasms
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Clinical Expression
Spasms
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Autistic-like Behavior of an Infant
Pathophysiology of Infantile Spasms
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Short-Term Effects
ACTH or Oral Steroids?
Dose of ACTH?
Steroids or Vigabatrin?
Tuberous Sclerosis
Relapses
Side Effects
Ketogenic Diet
Surgery
Conclusion
References and Reading
Infantile Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
Infants with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Autism Assessment in Infants
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Inferior Colliculi
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inferior Parietal Area
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inferior Parietal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Area
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Inflection
Informal Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Information Processing Speed
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Informed Consent
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inherited Metabolic Diseases
Initial Communication Processes Scale
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Initiating Behavior Regulation
Initiating Behavioral Requests (IBR)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Initiating/Responding to Joint Attention Skills (IJA/RJA)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Initiation of Communication
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Initiation of Joint Attention
Injuries in Children with ASD
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Innate Reflexes
Inner Ear
Inositol: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Inspection Time
``Instruction, Modelling, Rehearsal, and Feedback,´´ BST
Instructional Assistant
Instructional Objectives
Instrumental Conditioning
Instrumental Learning
Integrated Play Groups (IPG) Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Integration
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Intellectual Disability
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Prognostic Factors
Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Intellectual Disability (ID)
Intellectual Impairment
Intellectualization of Affect
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Intellectualization of Emotion
Intelligence Norms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Intelligence Quotient
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Intelligence Tests (see Specific Tests)
Intentional
Intentional Communication
Interactive Trauma Scale
Synonyms
Description
History
Psychometric Data
User Satisfaction
Validity and Reliability
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Interdisciplinary Assessment and Intervention
Interdisciplinary Team
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Interests, Circumscribed/All Absorbing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Empirical Findings
Theoretical Accounts
Conclusion
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Interhemispheric White Matter Tract
Internalization of Emotion Co-regulatory Support in Children with ASD
See Also
References and Reading
Internet Safety
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
Interventions
See Also
References and Reading
Interoception
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Interpersonal Skills
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Interpersonal Supports
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Interval
Intervention Activity
Intervention Integrity
Intervention Targets and Strategies that Are Related to Increased Quality of Life Outcomes
Interventions for Increasing Acceptance of New Foods
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Interventions to Support Transition to Adulthood for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
ASD-Specific Challenges
Transition Interventions
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Interventions: Child Centered Approaches
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Interview-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Assessment Participants
Assessment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Intestinal Permeability Studies
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Intimate Relationships and Dating
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Intonation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Intraverbals
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Introduction to the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Intuitive Thought
Intuniv
Inventory of Interpersonal Situations (IIS)
Inversion Effect
Iodothyronine Deiodinase (D2T3)
IPSyn
IQ
IQ test
IRR: Inter-rater Reliability
Irreversible Dyskinesia
Irritability in Autism
References and Reading
Israel and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues
Mandates for Service and Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Welfare
Additional National Insurance Benefits
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Italy and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues and Mandate for Services
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Research Directions
Social Policy and Training
See Also
References and Reading
ITC
Item Analysis
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Item Response Theory
Itinerant Teacher
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
ITS
J
Japan and Autism
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
JASPER
Definition
Goals and Objectives
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy and Effectiveness Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualification of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Job Carving
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Job Coach
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Job Counselor
Job Development
Job Readiness
Joint Attention
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Joubert Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Joubert-Boltshauser Syndrome
Judgments
Justice
Juvenile Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
K
KABC-II
Kanner, Leo
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Kanner´s Autism
Kapvay
Karyotype
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Kazakhstan and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
KBIT-2
Keppra
KIAA1650
Kinesthetic Sense
Definition
References and Reading
Klinefelter Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Physical Features and Medical Risk
Psychopathology
Pathophysiology
Structural and Functional Imaging Findings
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Websites
Klonopin
Klozapol
Kolvin, Israel (Issy)
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
KS
Kuwait and Autism
Abbreviations
Historical Background
Legal Issues and Mandates for Services
Overview of Current Treatment Options and Centers
Research Activities
Training
See Also
References and Reading
L
Label
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
LAD
L-Adrenalin
Lag Schedules
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
Parameters of Lag Schedules in Applied Settings
Social Validity of Lag Schedules
Prerequisite Repertoires for Using Lag Schedules
Package Interventions Using Lag Schedules
See Also
References and Reading
Lamictal (lamotrigine)
Synonyms
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
References and Reading
Book
Articles in Journal
Lamotrigine
Language
Definition
References and Reading
Language Acquisition
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Language Acquisition Device
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Language Barriers Impact on Access to Services
Definition
See Also
References
Language Comprehension
Language Comprehension Disorder/Impairment/Disability
Language Cortex
Language Development Survey
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Language Disorder
Language Impairment/Disorder
Language Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Prelinguistic Stage
Early Language Intervention
Expanding Language
Advanced Language
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Behavioral Approaches
Developmentally Based
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Language Organ
Language Outcome Measures
Language Processing
Language Style
Language Tests
Synonyms
Description
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Language Understanding
Language Use
Language Variation
Language/Autistic Regression
Language-Based Learning Disability
Latency
Latency of Response
Latency, Second Edition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Latent Class Analysis
Latent Profile Analysis
Latent Time
Latent Variable Modeling
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Late-Onset Dyskinesia
Law
Law Enforcement Agencies and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Reasons for Law Enforcement Engagement
Responses of Individuals with Autism
Future Directions
Information that Law Enforcement Agents Should Have
Recognizing a Person with Autism
How to Respond to an Individual with Autism
See Also
References and Reading
Suggested Hyperlinks
Law Enforcement Knowledge of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Lawson, Wendy
Name and Degrees
References and Reading
Books
LDS
Lead Exposure and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Lead Poisoning
Leaky Gut Syndrome
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Learned Helplessness
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Learning Disabilities
Learning Disability
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Learning Disability (UK)
Learning Disability (United Kingdom)
Learning Disorder
Learning Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Learning Experiences, an Alternative Program for Preschoolers and Their Parents (LEAP)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Learning Language Through Overhearing in Children with ASD
See Also
References and Reading
Learning Styles
Definition
References and Reading
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Lebanon and Autism
Country Background
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Services
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Legal Competency
Definition
Legal Competency
Legal Proceedings
Medical Decisions
Caveat
See Also
References and Reading
Legal System
Legal System Involvement
Factors Leading to Contact with the Criminal Justice System
Assessment of an Individual with ASD in the Criminal Justice System Setting
Management Issues: Overview
Management: Specific Issues
Conclusions
See Also
References and Reading
Leigh Disease
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Leigh Necrotizing Encephalopathy
Leigh Syndrome
Leigh´s Disease
Leisure Participation Patterns for School-Age Youth with Autism
Definition
Current Knowledge
Barriers to Leisure Participation
Future Directions
References and Reading
Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Leiter-R
L-Epinehphrine
L-Epinephrine
Leponex
Letter Fluency
Letter of Intent
Definition
Principles of a Letter of Intent
Letter of Intent Content
Updating and Distributing a Letter of Intent
Storage Practices for a Letter of Intent
See Also
References and Reading
Lettick, Amy L. (1921-2017)
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, and Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Yale University Sterling Library Special Collections
Levate
Levetiracetam: Definition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Levo-Methylaminoethanolcatechol
Levoreninum
Lexam
Lexamil
Lexapro
Lexicon
Liability
Definition
Liability
Tort Liability
Malpractice Liability
Strict Liability
See Also
References and Reading
Sources
Licensed Behavior Analyst
Life Satisfaction in Autism
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Life Skills
Life Skills Classroom
Limbic System
Definition
Historical Background
General Function of Limbic System Structures
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cingulate Cortex
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Septal Nuclei
Current Knowledge
Pathology and Dysfunction of the Limbic System in Autism
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cingulate Cortex
See Also
References and Reading
Limited Interests
Linear Regression
Linguistic Idiosyncrasies and Neologisms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Linguistics of Verbal English (LOVE)
Linotril
Listening Comprehension
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Literacy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Lithium
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
References and Reading
Lithium Carbonate
Lithium Citrate
Litigation, Parent-Initiated
The Right of Parents to Initiate Litigation
The Procedural Steps
Right to Proceed Without an Attorney
See Also
References and Reading
Little Brain
Little´s Disease
Living Arrangements in Adulthood
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Independent Living
Supported Living
Group Homes
ICF-MR Facilities
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Resource List
Local Educational Agency
Local Educational Authority
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Locus Ceruleus
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Lofexidine
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Longitudinal
Longitudinal Research in Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Loose Associations
Lorazepam
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Lord, Cathy
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Loss of Voice
Lovaas Approach
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Lovaas, O. Ivar
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Lovan
Low Registration
Definition
References and Reading
Low-Tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
Low-Tech System
Low-Technology Device
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Loxapine
Loxitane
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
L-Tryptophan
Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Luvox
Luvox CR
Luxembourg and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Diagnosis
Treatment and Support
Education
Professional Integration and Training
Leisure Activities
Assistance
Housing
Other Non-autism Institutions
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Lyodrin
Lysosomal Lipid Storage Disorder
M
MABC
MABC-2
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Second Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Macedonia and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
Macrocephaly Phenotype and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Macrographia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Utility and Applicability of MRS
Differences Between MRI and MRS
1H MR Spectra in the Human Brain
Single-Voxel and Multivoxel Spectroscopy
Short- and Long-Echo Spectroscopy
1H MRS Studies of Autism
MRS of GABA in Autism
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Magnetoencephalography
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Epileptiform Abnormalities
Mirror Neuron System Integrity
Face Processing
Somatosensory System
Auditory/Language Processing
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Mainstreaming
Maintenance of Treatment Effects
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Major Depression
Major Depressive Disorder
Maladaptive Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Male Turner
Mand Fluency Training
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Mands
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mania
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Manual Sign
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Manually Coded English (MCE)
Marker
Marketed as Geodon
MAS
Massed Practice
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Massive Infantile Spasms
Massively Parallel Sequencing
Mast Cells and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mastocyte
Maternal and Child Health Bureau
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
References and Reading
Maternal Hypothyroidism and Autism
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Maternal Obesity and ASD Risk
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Maternal Opioid Prescription in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Potential Mechanisms
Current Knowledge
Prescription Opioid During the Pregnancy Period in the Study to Explore Early Development
Association Between Prescription Opioid Use and Child ASD in an Israeli Health System
Limitations
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Mathematics Disability
May Institute, Second Edition
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
M-CHAT
MCT
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Measles and Autism
Birth of a Hypothesis
Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination
Definition
References and Reading
Measure
Measurement Error
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Measuring Language Change Through Natural Language Samples
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
MECP2 Gene
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN)
Medial Temporal Lobe
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Medicaid and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Medical Conditions Associated with Autism
Synonyms
Background
Seizures
Genetic Abnormalities
Sleep Disorders
GI Issues
Nutritional Deficiencies
Pica
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Medical Education on Autism
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Medical Evaluation in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Medical Home and ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Medulla
Medulla Oblongata
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mellaril
Mellaril-S
Memantine
Definition
References and Reading
Memory
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Memory Assessment
Definition
Current Knowledge
Experimental Assessment Procedures
The Assessment of Implicit, or Non-declarative, Learning
The Assessment of Explicit, or Declarative, Memory and Learning
The Assessment of Working Memory
Clinical Assessments
See Also
References and Reading
Memory Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Memory Strengths and Weaknesses in Autism
The Mainstream Literature
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Memory for Future Actions
Memory for Intentions
Menarche
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Meningitis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Meningococcal Disease: A Specific Form of Meningitis that Is Caused by the Bacteria Neisseria meningitidis
Mental Age
Mental Flexibility
Mental Health and ASD
Introduction
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Mental Health Interventions
Mental Health Practitioner
Mental Representation
Mental Retardation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Merycism
Mesencephalon
Mesibov, Gary
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Mesoridazine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mesoridazine Besylate
Messages
Metabolic Testing
Description
Definition
Background
Treatment Goals
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Metacognition in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions and Implications
See Also
References and Reading
Metallothionein
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Metaphoric Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Methyl CpG-Binding Protein 2
Methylphenidate
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mexico and Autism
Historical Background
First Phase: 1970-1990
Second Phase: 2000-Present
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
M-FUN
MI (Metacognition Index)
Microcephalic
Microcephalus
Microcephaly
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Micrographia
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Midazolam
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Midbrain
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Midbrain Raphe
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Midbrain Raphe Nuclei
Middle Ear Infection
Milestone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Milestones
Milieu Teaching
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Military Families with Children with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Deployments
Relocation
Military Supports for Families with Children with Special Needs
Future Directions
References and Reading
Milk Protein
Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Miller Function and Participation Scales
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Mind Reading
Mindblindness
Definition
References and Reading
Mindfulness Therapy for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mindfulness-Based Therapy/Intervention
Mineral Treatments
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Minimal Brain Damage
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Minimal Speech Approach
Definition
References and Reading
Mirror Mechanisms
Mirror Neuron System
Structure
Function
Monkey Mirror Neurons
Human Mirror System
Pathophysiology
Mirror System Dysfunction in Autism?
See Also
References and Reading
Mirror Neurons
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mirtazapine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mismatch Negativity
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Misophonia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mitochondrial Deficits/Disorders
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mixture Modeling
MLD
Moban
Mobile Work Crew Model
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Möbius Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Modeling
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Modification
Modifications
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Discriminant Validity
Item Analysis
Reliability
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised: Spanish Cultural Validation
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Modified Testing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Modifier Genes and Autism Susceptibility
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Modifier Loci
Moebius Syndrome
Moldova and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
Molindone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Monotone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Monotonic Voice
Monotropism: An Interest-Based Account of Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Monozygotic (MZ) Twins
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mood Disorder
Mood Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Mood Stabilizers
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Moral Cognition
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
More Than Words
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Moro Reflex
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Morocco and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues and Mandates for Service
Current Treatments and Treatment Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
See Also
References and Reading
Mortality
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Motivating Operation
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Motivation
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Motivation Assessment Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Motor Control
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Motor Cortex
Motor Development Assessment
Motor Planning
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Dyspraxia in ASD
Motor Planning in ASD
Clinical Significance
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition
Movement Assessment Battery for Children: Second Edition (MABC-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Movie and TV Depictions of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Movie Talk
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
MSEL:AGS
MTL
Mu Rhythm
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Mullen Scales of Early Learning, American Guidance Service Edition
Multidisciplinary Evaluation
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Multidisciplinary Team
Multidisciplinary Training (TEACCH Component)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Multihandicapped
Definition
Historical Background
See Also
References and Reading
Multilocus Genetic Models
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Multiple Complex (or Multiplex) Developmental Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Multiple Exemplar Instruction (MEI)
Multiple Exemplar Training
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Multiple Exemplar Video Modeling and Unscripted Social Communication
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Multiple Phenotypes Associated with Disruption of a Single Gene
Multiple Regression
Multiple Stimulus with Replacement (MSW) Preference Assessment
Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement (MWSO) Preference Assessment
Multiplex-Simplex Comparisons
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Multi-skilling
MUSAD
Music Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Music-Based Scale for Autism Diagnostics (MUSAD) Assessing Adults with Intellectual Disability
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sample References
Book
Chapter in a Book
Article in a Journal
Music-Evoked Emotion
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Identification of Music-Evoked Emotion
Response to Music-Evoked Emotion
Future Directions
References and Reading
Mutual Gaze
Synonyms
Definition
What Is It?
When Does It Occur?
Mutual Gaze and ASD
See Also
References and Reading
Mutual Regulation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Mutually Acceptable Written Agreement (MAWA)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Myoclonic Spasms of Infancy
Myo-inositol
N
Naltrexone
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Naltrexone Hydrochloride
Naming
Nanocephaly
Narrative Analysis
Narrative Assessment
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Narrative Comprehension
Narrative Language in ASD
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Narrative Understanding
National Guideline for the Assessment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Australia
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
National Research Council
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
References and Reading
Natural Environment
Definition
Natural History
Natural Language Paradigm
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Naturalistic Behavioral Intervention
Naturalistic Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Navane
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Need for Caregiver Support for Families of Children with ASD, The
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Negative Priming Effect
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Negative Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neostriatum
NEPS
NEPS-U
NEPSY-II
Synonyms
Definition
Description
Administration and Scoring
Interpretation
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Standardization
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
Clinical Application to ASD
Special Group Studies
Empirical Findings in ASD
Conclusion
See Also
References and Reading
Netherlands and Autism, The
Historical Background - Legal Aspects - Current Practice
Early Detection and Intervention Programs
Current Treatment and Centers
Education and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism and Comorbidity
Overview of Research Directions
Social Policies
Tentative Conclusions
References
Network Coherence
Neural Mechanisms in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Ontogeny
Morphometry (Lateralization and Minicolumnar Width)
Molecular Biology
Minicolumnar Networks: Electrophysiology and Circuitry
Minicolumnar Networks: Neurochemistry
Minicolumnopathy of Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Neural Mechanisms of Emotional Dysregulation
Synonyms
Definition
Circuitry Implicated in the Cognitive Control of Emotion
Neural Bases of Emotion Dysregulation in ASD
See Also
References
Neural Reorganization
Neural Science
Neural Signatures of Treatment Response
Definition
Background: Examining the Current State of Science
Overview of Neural Signatures of ASD
Evaluating Sensitivity of Neural Signatures of ASD as Clinical Biomarkers
Current Knowledge: Neural Signatures of Pivotal Response Treatment
Overcoming the Challenge of Equifinality
Predictors of Responder Profile
Implications and Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Neurexin 1
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neuroanatomy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Increased Head/Brain Size (Macrocephaly/Macroencephaly)
Gray and White Matter Compartments
Cortical Surface Area/Thickness
Corpus Callosum
Limbic System
Cerebellum
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Neurobiology
Neurochemistry
Definition
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Neurodiversity
See Also
References and Reading
Neuroleptic-Induced Dyskinesia
Neuroleptics
Neuroligins
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Neurologist
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neurontin
Neurontin (Gabapentine)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neuropathology
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Brain Size
Cortex
Limbic System
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Neurophysiology
Synonyms
Structure
Neural Structures Implicated Through Neurophysiological Assessment in ASD
Function
Neurophysiological Tools and Measurements
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrooculogram (EOG)
Electromyography (EMG)
Skin Conductance
Electrocardiography (ECG)
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Pathophysiology
Processes Elucidated Through Neurophysiological Assessment in ASD
Visual Processing
Face Processing
Facial Emotion Processing
Connectivity
Imitation
Attention and Disengagement
Auditory Processing
Executive Functioning
Reward Processing
Amygdala Functioning
See Also
References and Reading
Neuroscience
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neurotic Disorders (DSM-II Terminology)
Neurotransmitter
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Neurotypical
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
New Zealand and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
Training
See Also
References and Reading
References, Readings, Resources (This can include relevant web sites)
Newson´s Syndrome
Next-Generation Sequencing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Nexus
Nicotine and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Nigeria and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Origins
Emergence of Interest in Knowledge and Awareness
Legislative Guidance
Current Treatment and Centers
Overview of Research Direction
Social Policies and Current Controversies
See Also
Acknowledgment
Referencesand Reading
Niravam
NLGN1
NLGN2
NLGN3
NLGN4X
NLGN4Y
Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCI)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Nondirective Play Therapy
Nonfluency
Nonfluent Aphasia
Nonliteral Language
Nonparametric Statistics
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Nonstandard Assessment
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Nonsymbolic Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Nonverbal Intelligence
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Assessment of Nonverbal Intelligence
Nonverbal Intelligence in ASD
Variability Within Nonverbal Intelligence in ASD: A Nonverbal Perceptual Strength
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD)
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD), Second Edition
Synonyms
Short Description of Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Analysis from Case Study
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Nonverbal Learning Disorder
Nonverbal Oral Apraxia
Noonan and Ras/MAPK Pathway Syndromes
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Noonan Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Noradrenaline
Noradrenergic System
Introduction
Neuroanatomy of Noradrenergic System
Neurochemical Alterations of NA
NA-Related Genes and the Expression of ASD
Genes Involved in the Synthesis of NA
Genes Involved in the Catabolism of NA
Genes Involved in the Uptake of NA
The New Theory
Clinical Implications
References and Reading
Norepinephrine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Normal
Normal Curve
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Normal Distribution
Normal Language Development
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Normalization
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Normative Data
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Norm-Referenced Assessment
Norm-Referenced Testing
See Also
References and Reading
Norms
Norpramin
Nortriptyline
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Nortriptyline Hydrochloride
Norway and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Diagnosis and Prevalence
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research
Social Policy and Current Controversies and Training
See Also
References and Reading
No-Tech Communication Device
Notice of Recommended Educational Placement (NOREP)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Novel Antipsychotics
Novo-Peridol
N-Pthaloylglutamide
NRDLS
NRXN1
Nuclei of Raphe
Nutritional Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Nutritional Issues
Nytol Quick Caps [OTC]
Nytol Quick Gels [OTC]
O
Object Permanence
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Objective
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Observational Assessments
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Observational Learning
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Obsessive Desire for Sameness
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Short Description or Definition
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Obstetrical Complications/Risk Factors
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Obstipation
Occipital Lobe
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Occipital Lobes
Occupational Therapy (OT)
Definition
Definition of Occupation
Occupational Therapy
Historical Background
History
Global Occupational Therapy
Current Knowledge
Educational Requirements for Occupational Therapy Practitioners
Conclusion
References and Reading
Oculoauriculovertebral (OAV) Spectrum or Dysplasia
Office of Rehabilitation
Olanzapine
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Omission Training
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
One-on-One
One-to-One
Onset
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Operant Behavior
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Operant Conditioning
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Operational Exhaustion
Operational Stress Injury
Optimal Arousal
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Optimal Outcome
See Also
References and Reading
Options Method
Oral Language
Oral Sensitivity
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Oral-Facial Imitation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Oral-Motor Apraxia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Oral-Motor Imitation
Oral-Motor Skills
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Orap
Organelle
Organization of the Physical Learning Environment
Organizational Prevention
Organizational Skills in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Development of Executive Functions and Organization in Typically Developing Children
The Development of Executive Functions and Organization in Individuals with ASD
Explaining Organizational Dysfunction
Interventions
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Organized Work Systems
Orienting Response
Definition
References and Reading
Ornitz, Edward
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Orofacial Imitation
Otitis Media
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Outcome
Outcome Studies
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Overcorrection
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measures
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Overly Talkative
Oxazepam
Oxytocin
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
P
Pain in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition: Pain
Pain in ASD: Context
Case Studies
Self-/Parent Report
Observational Studies
Psychophysics
Neuropsychological Evidence
Chronic Pain
Potential Evidence from Animal Models
Future Considerations
See Also
References and Reading
Paired-Choice Preference Assessment
Pakistan and Autism
Introduction
Current Status
Future Directions
References and Reading
Paleostriatum
Palestine and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policies and Current Controversies
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Palliative Care
Definition: Palliative Care for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Historical Background
Palliative Care
Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Palliative Care Plans and Challenges (Current Knowledge)
Communication Differences
Sensory Integration and Experience of Pain
Decisional Capacity and Choice
Surrogate Decision-Making
Avoiding Futile Care
Unique Palliative Care Comorbidities
Bereavement
Future Directions
References
Palpebronasal Fold
Para
Paraeducator
Para-educator
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Paralinguistic Communication Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prosody and Voice
Prosody
Voice
Automated Assessment
Future Directions
Assessment of Prosody in Other Languages
Acoustic Characteristics of Prosody in ASD
Automation
Prosodic Processing
See Also
References and Reading
Parallel Play
Paraphasia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Paraphilias
Paraprofessional
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pareidolic Faces
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Parent Attitudes Toward Genetic and Epigenetic Tests for ASD
Parent Expectations Mediate Outcomes for Youth with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Parent Involvement
Parent Perspectives Toward Biological Testing for Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Parent Protections
Parent Responsiveness to Children at Risk of ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Impact of ASD Characteristics on Parent Responsiveness
Impact of Parent Responsiveness on Children at-Risk for ASD
Summary and Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Parent Training
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Programs Addressing Challenging Problem Behaviors
Programs Focusing on Core Symptoms and Skill Acquisition
Parent Training Programs That Promote Training for Distance Learners
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Parental Action and Referral Patterns in Spatial Clusters of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Parental Attitudes to Technology Use
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Screen Time
Technology and Social Interaction
Online Safety
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Parental Caregivers of Adults with Autism
Definition
Current Knowledge
Realities of Caregiving
Caregiver Burden
Quality of Life
Informal Social Support
Formal Social Support
Rewards
Planning for the Future
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Parental Response to Diagnosis
Introduction
Post-Diagnosis Emotions
Reactions to Choice of Treatment and Services
Everyday Life Aspects
Spousal Relationship
Summary
References and Reading
Parent-Implemented Bedtime Fading and Positive Routines
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Parent-Professional Collaboration
Parent-Professional Partnership
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Parents´ Use of Internal State Language with Toddlers with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Do Parents of Children with ASD Produce Less Internal State Language?
What Factors Influence Parental ISL Production?
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Readings
Paroxetine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Paroxetine Hydrochloride
Parroting
Partial Agenesis
Participation of Black and African-American Families in Autism Research
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Facilitators
Desire to Contribute to Inclusive Research
Seeking Information and Support
Engaging with Culturally Responsive Research Team Members
Barriers
ASD Stigma and Denial
Distrust of Research
Lack of Time or Interest
Inaccessible Research Materials
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Passive Group
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome
Patient- and Family-Centered Care
Patricia Howlin
Emeritus Professor Patricia Howlin
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Selected Peer-Reviewed Publications
Selected Books
Patterning (Doman-Delacato Method)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Pavlovian Conditioning
Paxil
Pay
PDD
PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
PDDRS
PDMS
PDMS-2
PDMS-II
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Peabody Individual Achievement Test, Revised
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition (PPVT)
PEAK Relational Training System
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
PEAK: Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge
Pedantic Speech
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
PEDI
PediaCare Children´s Allergy [OTC]
PediaCare Children´s NightTime Cough [OTC]
Pediatric Autism Communication Therapy (PACT Therapy)
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Pediatric Onset Schizophrenia
Pediatric Speech Intelligibility Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Peer Mentors for Students with ASD on College Campuses
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Peer Supports
Peer Victimization
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prevalence of Peer Victimization
Factors Associated with Peer Victimization
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Peer-Mediated Intervention
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Selecting Instructional Strategies
Peer Participation
Scheduling Social Groups
Training Peers
Selecting Social Communication Goals
Adult-Mediated Instruction
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
PEERS
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Peers, Exposure to
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
PEG
Pemoline
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
People-First Language
PEP-3
PEPS-C
Perception
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Perception-Related Behaviors
Psychophysical Studies of Low-Level Perceptual Processing
Cognitive Studies on Pattern Detection, Construction, and Manipulation
Domain-Specific Perception: Biological Motion, Faces, and Language
Relation with Other Elements of the Cognitive Architecture
Conclusion
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Perceptual Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Perceptual Development in Typical Children
Overview
Assessment of Infant Perception
Vision
Faces and Facial Expression
Refinement of Visual Abilities
Hearing
Preference for Speech
Smell and Taste
Touch
Perceptual Development in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Overview
Visual Processing
Local Versus Global Processing
Faces
Visual Attention and Disengagement in Infancy
Hearing
Social Motivation Theory
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Perceptual Organization Index (POI)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Perfectionism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Performance Objectives
Performance Reviews for Direct Care Staff
Peridol
Period Prevalence
Peripatetic Teacher
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Periventricular Hemorrhage
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Periventricular Leukomalacia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Perphenazine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Perseveration
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Persistent Toe Walking
Personal Perspectives on Autism
Definition
History
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Personality
Personality Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Personality Disorders (PD)
Personality Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Personality Inventory for Children
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Cognitive Impairment (COG)
Impulsivity and Distractibility (ADH)
Delinquency (DLQ)
Family Dysfunction (FAM)
Reality Distortion (RLT)
Somatic Concern (SOM)
Psychological Discomfort (DIS)
Social Withdrawal (WDL)
Social Skill Deficits (SSK)
Composite Scales
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Personality Structure in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Personality, Clinical Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Person-First Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Perspective Taking
Pertofrane
Pertussis and Autism
Definition
References and Reading
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Rating Scale (PDDRS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test (PDDST)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
Insuring Clinical Validity
Three Clinical Settings for the Identification of ASDs
Referral for Assessment of Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
See Also
References and Reading
References Related to the Development of the PDDST-II
References to Abstracts Reporting on the Development of the PDDST-II
Suggestions and Readings
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test-II (PDDST-II)
PET
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
References and Reading
Phenocopies
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Phenomenological Approach
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Phenomenology
Phenothiazine
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Philozac
Phobia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Phonemes
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Phonemic Errors
Phonemic Fluency
Phonetically Consistent Form
Phonetics
Definition
References and Reading
Phonological Deficits
Phonological Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Perception
Production
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Phonological Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Phonology
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Phrase Length
Definition
See Also
Phrenology
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Physical and Neurological Examination
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Physical Medicine
Physical Therapy
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Physiological Measures of Parental Stress
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Further Reading
Physiotherapy
Piagetian Stages
Definition
Historical Background
The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years)
Substage I: The Use of Reflexes (0-1 Month)
Substage II: Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 Months)
Substage III: Secondary Circular Reactions, or the Procedures Destined to Make Interesting Sights Last (4-8 Months)
Substage IV: Coordination of Secondary Schemata (8-12 Months)
Substage V: Tertiary Circular Reactions, or the Discovery of New Means Through Active Experimentation (12-18 Months)
Substage VI: Invention of New Means Through Mental Combinations (18-24 Months)
The Preoperational Stage (Ages 2-7)
The Concrete Operations Stage (Ages 7-12)
The Formal Operations Stage (Age 12 and Beyond)
Current Knowledge
Piagetian Stages and Autism
Preoperational
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations
See Also
References and Reading
PIAT-R
PIAT-R/NU
PIC
Pica
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Screening and Diagnostic Evaluation
Medical and Nutritional Evaluation
Behavioral Evaluation
Treatment
Pharmacological Treatment
Nutritional Treatments
Behavioral Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Pictorial Cues/Visual Supports (CR)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Picture Arrangement
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Picture Board
Picture Exchange Communication System
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Picture Schedule
Picture Thinking
Pimozide
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pincer Grasp
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pivotal Response Teaching
Pivotal Response Training
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pivotal Response Treatment
PL94-142
Placement-Pending Requirement
Placenta
Definition
Historical Background
Formation of the Placenta
Current Knowledge
Trophoblast Inclusions
Frequency of Trophoblast Inclusions
Trophoblast Inclusions and Autism
A Problem of Folding
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
PL-ADOS
Planning and Placement Team (PPT)
Plasma Adiponectin and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Plasticity, Neural
Synonyms
Structure
Anatomical Plasticity of Neural Structure
Function
Critical Periods of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Developing Human Brain
Typical Development of Human Frontal and Temporal Cortex
Pathophysiology
Development of Frontal and Temporal Cortex in Autism
Synaptic Plasticity in Mice Carrying Mutations in Autism-Candidate Genes
Altered Synaptic Strengthening
Altered Synaptic Weakening
Deficits in Synapse Number
Deficits in Synaptic Stability
Conclusion
See Also
References and Reading
Play
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Cultural Influences on Play
Play in Autism
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Play Intervention
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
PLAY Project
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Play Space Design in Autism
Definition: Play Space Design in Autism
Background
Current Knowledge
Development and Play
Playground Design and Social Interaction
Important Considerations in Play Design
Integration or Separate Provision?
Play Interventions
Adult-Supported Play Interventions
Risk, Resilience, Independence, and Agency
Physical Fitness
Natural Play Spaces
Virtual Play Spaces
Future Directions
References and Reading
Play Therapy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Play-Based Interventions
Pleiotropy
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Plica Palpebronasalis
PLS-5
PLSI
Plumbism
PM
Pms-Haloperidol
Pneumoencephalography
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
POI
Point Prevalence
Point-Light Displays
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Police-Citizen Interactions, Theory of Mind, and ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Politics of Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Politics of Autism Transition Services
Definition
Historical Background
Autism Transition as an Escalating Policy Crisis
Political Science: A Newly Studied Window into Understanding Transition
A Brief Political History of Autism as a Policy Issue
Current Knowledge
Federalism and the Politics of Autism Transition
Variation Across the System
Confronting Challenges and Cases of Success
The Cedarhurst School´s Passage Program (Hamden, CT)
The Uniquely Abled Project (Los Angeles, CA)
Shaping the System from the Ground Up: Mobilization Among Parents
Future Directions
Policy Recommendations: Enhancing Autism Transition for a Brighter Future
See Also
References and Reading
Pondimin
Population Norms
Portugal and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
See Also
References and Reading
Positive Behavior (al) Interventions and Supports (PBIS)
Positive Behavior Intervention
Positive Behavior Support
Positive Behavior Support (PBS)
Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Positive Behavioral Support
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Positron-Emission Tomography
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Psychotherapy
Pharmacological Management
See Also
References and Reading
Postural Control Assessment
Posturography
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Power of Attorney (Financial and Property Management)
Definition
Principles of a Power of Attorney
Power of Attorney Authority and Timeframes
Creating a Power of Attorney
Legal Capacity in Power of Attorney Matters
Ending a Power of Attorney
See Also
References and Reading
Power of Attorney for Healthcare (Durable Healthcare Power of Attorney and Medical Power of Attorney)
Defined
Common Abbreviations and Acronyms in Healthcare Power of Attorney Matters
Principles of a Healthcare Power of Attorney
Healthcare Power of Attorney Authority and Timeframes
Creating and Ending a Healthcare Power of Attorney
See Also
References and Reading
PPS
PPVT: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Practice Guidelines in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Definitions and Concepts
Recognition, Assessment, and Diagnosis
Recognition in Primary Care
Screening
Surveillance
Screening of High-Risk Groups
Timing of Diagnosis
Methods of Assessment
Initial Assessment
Specialist Assessment
Components of Specialist Assessment
Individual Profiling
Biomedical Investigations
Conditions Associated with ASD
Nonpharmacological Interventions
Communication Interventions
Support for Early Communication Skills
Interventions for Social Communication and Interaction
Behavioral/Psychological Interventions
Intensive Behavioral Programs
Interventions for Specific Behaviors
Auditory Integration Training
Facilitated Communication
Biomedical and Nutritional Interventions
Pharmacological Interventions
Risperidone
Methylphenidate
Fluoxetine
Secretin
Melatonin
Other Treatments
Service Provision
Training and Support for Parents
Information Provision
Meeting Support Needs
Information for Discussion with Children, Young People, Parents, and Carers
At the Time of Diagnosis
Recommendations for Research
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Prader-Labhart-Willi Syndrome
Pragmatic Communication
Pragmatic Communication Disorder
Pragmatic Language
Pragmatic Language Disorder
Pragmatic Language Impairment
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression of Illness
Heterogeneity in PLI
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatments
See Also
References and Reading
Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Pragmatic Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Pragmatics
Pragmatic Rating Scale-School Age
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Pragmatics
Synonyms
Definition
Use of Language for Different Purposes
Adapting Language to Setting and Communication Partner
Conversation and Narrative Discourse
See Also
References and Reading
Praise
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Praxis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pre-, During, and Posttest Design
Precentral Gyrus
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Preciseness
Precision Teaching
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Pinpointing
Counting
Charting - The Standard Celeration Chart
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References
Predictive Value of Screening Measures
Definition
See Also
Predictors at Toddlerhood for Long-Term Severity of ADHD Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Predictors of Clinician Certainty in the Diagnosis of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Predictors of Emotion Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
See Also
References and Reading
Preemployment Skills for People with ASD
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Preference and Reinforcer Assessment
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prefrontal Cortex
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prelinguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Prelinguistic Communication
Prelinguistic Communication Assessment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Prelinguistic Sounds
Preliteracy
Premack Principle
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prenatal Diagnosis of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Literature Review
ASD, Genetics, and Fetal Development
The Placenta and ASD
T Cells and ASD
Maternal Immune Response and ASD
Future Directions
Detecting ASD In Utero
Ethical Concerns
Concluding Remarks
References and Reading
Pre-post Design
Pre-post-posttest Design
Preschool
Definition
References and Reading
Pre-school Autism Communication Therapy (PACT)
Pre-school Autism Communication Trial (PACT Trial)
Preschool Curricula
Definition
Curriculum Design/Selection
Target Early Core Characteristics of Autism
Functionality
Developmentally Appropriate
Socially and Culturally Relevant
Assessment
Intervention
Commonly Used Preschool Curricula
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Treatment Participants
Efficacy Information
See Also
References and Reading
Preschool Edition
Preschool Language Scale - 5
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Present Level of Growth or Knowledge
Pressure/Squeeze Machine
Definition
References and Reading
Presupposition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pretend Play
Pretense
Prevalence
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Preverbal Communication
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prevocational Skills
Primacy Effects
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Primary Motor Cortex
Primary Sensory Areas
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Primary Visual Cortex
Primate Prosocial Behaviors
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Altruistic Behaviors in Chimpanzees
Food Sharing in Chimpanzees
Instrumental Helping in Chimpanzees
Collaborative Interactions
Future Directions
References and Reading
Primitive Reflexes
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Princeton Child Development Institute (PCDI)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Private Speech
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Proactive Inhibition
Proactive Interference in ASD
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Problem Behavior
Problem Behaviors
Problem Sexual Behavior
Procedural Adherence
Procedural Fidelity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Procedural Integrity
Procedural Memory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Introduction
Procedural Learning: Phenomenology
Motor Deficits in Autism: A Key to Recognizing Procedural Learning Impairments
Neurobiology of Procedural Learning
Direct Examination of Procedural Learning in Autism
Approaches to Examining Motor Learning in Autism
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Procedural Reliability
Procedural Safeguards
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Processing Speed Index
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Processing Speed Quotient
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Profile of Intelligences
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Clinical Uses for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication (PEPS-C)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Profound Hearing Impairment
Program-Wide Positive Behavior Supports (PWPBS)-Early Childhood Programs
Progressive Applied Behavior Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Projective Testing
Nature of Projective Tests
Extent of Use
Indicators for Use of Projective Techniques
Rorschach
Thematic Apperception Test and Other Story-Telling Techniques
Sentence Completion Tests
Human Figure Drawings
Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
Clinical Uses of Projective Techniques for Autism Spectrum Disorders
See Also
References and Reading
Projective Tests
Projective Tests of Personality
Synonyms
Description
Comment
Overview
Instruments
Figure Drawings
Sentence Completion
Thematic Approaches
Unstructured Material
Interpretation
Pattern
Utility
Appropriateness
Historical Background
Projective Technique
Research Data
Psychometric Data
Rorschach Method
Roberts Test
Other Instruments
Other Issues
General Comment
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Projectives
Proline-Rich Synapse-Associated Protein 2
ProM
Prompt Dependence
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prompt Fading
Prompt Hierarchy
Definition
References and Reading
PROMPT System
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Prompting
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prompts
Pronoun Errors
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pronoun Reversal
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Pronoun Use
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Pronoun Use in Typical Speech
Pronoun Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Pronunciation
PROSAP2
Prosocial Behavior
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prosocial Behaviors
Prosocial Skills
Prosody
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Prosodic Development
Prosody in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Assessment and Treatment of Prosodic Disorders
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Prosody-Voice Screening Protocol
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Prosopagnosia
Prospective
Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
Prospective Memory and Autism
See Also
References and Reading
Additional References
Protection and Advocacy System (P&A)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Protodeclarative
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Protoimperative
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Protowords
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Protriptyline
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Provider Training
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Prozac
Prozac Weekly (Once-Weekly Dosing)
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
PRS-SA (Pragmatic Rating Scale-School Age)
PRT
PSAP2
Pseudoscience
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
PSI Test
Psychiatric Problems and Care in Older Adults with Autism
Definition
References and Reading
Psychiatrist
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Psychoanalyst
Psychodynamic Theories
Synonyms
Definition
Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamics
Autoerotic
``Autism´´
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Muddying the Waters: Schizoid Personality, Autism, and Schizophrenia
Psychogenic Theories of ASD
Stress-Diathesis
Maternal Deprivation and Affective Contact
Blaming the Mother
Textbox
War Brings People Together
Recent Developments in Psychoanalysis
Future Directions
Alexithymia
Intersubjectivity
Autistic Psychopathy
Conclusion
References and Reading
Psychoeducational Profile - Revised (PEP-3)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Psychological Assessment
Synonyms
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Psychologist
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Psychomotor
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Psychomotor Development
Psychomotor Development Index
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Psychopathology
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Psychophysiology
Psychosis
Psychosocial
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Psychosocial Effects of Soft Skills Training for Young Adults with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Social, Vocational, and Psychological Challenges Faced by Young Adults with ASD
Current Knowledge
Relationship of Social Skills, Employment, and Well-being
Needs for Evidence-Based Employment-Related Interventions
Existing Interventions that Targets Employment-Related Social Skills
Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS)
Aspirations Program
Job-Based Social Skills (JOBSS) Program
Assistive Soft Skills and Employment Training (ASSET) Program
Virtual Reality Training Programs
Future Directions
References and Reading
Psychostimulants
Psychotherapist
Psychotherapy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Psychotic Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Psychotic Symptoms in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
PT
Public Law 94-142
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Public Perception of Autism Treatments: Science Versus Pseudoscience in the Age of Mass Media
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References
See Also
Public Understanding of Autism
Pull-Out Room
Punishment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Purdue Pegboard
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Normative Data
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Purines and Related Compounds
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Purkinje Cells
Definition
References and Reading
Putamen
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
References and Reading
PVL
PVSP
Pyramidal System
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Q
Qatar and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
Quack Science
Qualitative Versus Quantitative Approaches
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Quality of Life for Transition-Age Youth with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Quasiexperimental
Quasi-words
Quetiapine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Quetiapine Fumarate
R
RAADS-R
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Racing Thoughts, Distractibility, and Psychomotor Agitation
Rank, Beata
Names and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Raphe Nuclei
Rapid Motor Imitation Approach (RMIA)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rapid Prompting
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Rapiflux
Rapin, Isabelle
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Selected Papers on Sensory Input and Development of Higher Cortical Functions
Other Recent Autism Papers
Ras/MAPK Pathway Syndromes
Rating Scale
Ratio-Haloperidol
Rational Demand Avoidance
RAVLT
RDoC and ASD
RDoC and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reaction Time
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
RAD and Attachment Classifications
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Assessment Methods
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Readiness to Learn
Reading
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Reading Components
Decoding
Language Comprehension
Fluency
Stages of Reading
Reading Disabilities
Heterogeneous Nature of Reading in Autism
Decoding in Individuals with ASD
Language Comprehension in Individuals with ASD
Reading Fluency in Children with ASD
Reading Assessment and Intervention in Children with ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Reading Comprehension Disorder
Reading Comprehension Impairments in School-Aged Children with HFA
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
General Reading Challenges
ASD-Specific Challenges
Building Reading Comprehension Skills
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Reading Comprehension Strategies in Autism
Synonyms
Definition
Strategies to Support Theory of Mind
Strategies to Support Central Coherence
Strategies to Support Executive Functioning
See Also
References and Reading
Reading Interventions
Reading Skills
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Reading the Mind in Eyes Test
Synonyms
Description of the Instrument
History of the Instrument
Psychometric Data
Normative Data
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Research Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Real-Life Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Reasonable Accommodation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reasoning on the Autism Spectrum
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Recall
Recency Effect
Recency Effects
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Recent Developments in Understanding Friendship of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Congruency in Friendship Quality Perception
Friendship Satisfaction
Friendship Expectations
Gender Difference(s) in Friendship
Friendship Characteristics Across Developmental Stages
Future Directions
References and Reading
Reception
Receptive Aphasia
Receptive Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Receptive Language Disorders
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Receptive Language Impairment/Disability
Receptive Lexicon
Receptive Vocabulary
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test (REEL-3)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Recessive Alleles
Recessive Characteristics
Recessive Genes
Synonyms
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
References and Reading
Recessive Traits
Reciprocal Communication
Reciprocal Communication/Interaction
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Recognition
Recognition Memory
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Recollection
Reconcile
Recovery in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Redirection
Definition
References and Reading
Reduced Prioritization of Facial Threat in ASD
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
REEL-3
Reevaluation
Referent
Reflexive Behavior
Refrigerator Mother
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Regional Centers
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Register Variation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Registered Behavior Technician (Definition)
References and Reading
Regression
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Treatment
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Regression Analysis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Regressive Autism
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rehabilitation Engineer
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reinforcement
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reinforcement, Differential
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reinforcer
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Reinforcing Stimulus
Related Services
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Relationship Between Autism Stigma and Informal Caregiver Mental Health
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Relationship Enhancement Methods
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory of Example Programs
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Relative Weakness in an Area of Functioning
Relaxation Techniques
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Remembering to Remember
Remembrance
Remeron
Repertory Grid Process for Person-Centered Assessment of Social Cognition for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Repetitive Behavior
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Epidemiology of Repetitive Behaviors
Assessment Instruments for Repetitive Behavior
Treatment
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Repetitive Behavior
Repetitive Movements
Replacement Behavior
Report Form
Report of Annual Yearly Academic Progress
Representation
Request
Research Domain Criteria and ASD
Residual Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Residual Infantile Autism
Resilience in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Resource Distribution
Resource Room
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Respiratory Sinus Arrythmia (RSA)
Respite Care
Definition
References and Reading
Respondent Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Response Cost
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Response Effort
Response Interruption/Redirection
Definition
References and Reading
Response Latency
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Response Time
Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Sleep Disturbances in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Restricted Interest
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Restrictive Interests
Retrieval of Information
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Retrospective Infant Video Analysis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Rett Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Rett´s Disorder
Reversal Learning
Definition
Historical Background
Discrimination Shifts in Typically Developing Children and Adults
Discrimination Shifts in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID)
Current Knowledge
Relevance of Reversal Learning
Reversal Learning Assessment
Neurobiological Correlates
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Revia
Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale (RKPPS)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Reward
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Rey AVLT)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Reynell Developmental Language Scales
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
RG7314
Right-Hemisphere Deficit Syndrome
Right-Hemisphere Developmental Learning Disability
Right-Hemisphere Learning Disability
Right-Hemisphere Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Rilutek
Riluzole
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rimland Diagnostic Form for Behavior-Disturbed Children (E-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Rimland Diagnostic Form for Behavior-Disturbed Children (Form E-2)
Rimland, Bernard
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Risk of ASD in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Risperdal
Risperdal (Risperidone)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Risperidone
Synonyms
Indications
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Ritalin
Ritualized Request
Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale - Revised
Ritvo, Edward
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Ritvo-Freeman Real-Life Rating Scale
Ritvo-Freeman RLRS
Rivotril
RJA/IJA (Initiating/Responding to Joint Attention)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
Social Cognition and Joint Attention
See Also
References and Reading
RLRS
RMET
RO 5028442
RO-5285119
Robot-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Role of Relationship Satisfaction in Parental Coping
Definition
Historical Background
Relationship Satisfaction and Coping throughout its Lifespan
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Role Release
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Romanian Adoptive Children
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale (The Rossetti)
Rote Learning
Rote Memory
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rourke, Byron
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Rank, Institution, Date
Major Honors and Awards
Major Predoctoral Awards
Major Postdoctoral Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Scientific Boards
Scientific Societies and Committees
Professional Boards
Editorial
Key Books Authored, Coauthored, Edited, or Coedited
Short Biography
References and Reading
Books
Selected Chapters in Edited Books
Selected Journal Articles
Routine Events
RSH Syndrome
Rubella
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rumination
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Rumination Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatments
See Also
References and Reading
Russia and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
Rutter, Michael
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
S
SAD
Safety
Definition
References and Reading
Sainsbury, Clare
Short Biography
References and Reading
Sameness, Insistence on
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Explaining Insistence on Sameness in Autistic Disorder
Measurement of Insistence on Sameness
Insistence on Sameness: Specific to Autism?
Treatment
Future Directions
References and Reading
Sarafem
Savant Skills (in Autism)
Definition
Theories to Explain Savant Syndrome
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
The Condition Is Rare but One in Ten Autistic Persons Show Some Savant Skills
Savant Skills Typically Occur in Particular Categories of Abilities
There Is a Spectrum of Savant Skills
The Special Skills Are Always Accompanied by Massive Memory
Males Outnumber Females in Both Autism and Savant Syndrome
Intelligence and Savant Skills
``Treatment´´ and ``Training the Talent´´
The Case of Nadia and the ``Dreaded Trade-off´´ Versus Progression of Skills
Family History and Savant Syndrome
Future Directions
New Technologies
A Savant Syndrome Registry and Broad-Based, Controlled Studies
Exploring the Interface Between Prodigy, Genius, and Savant Syndrome and Other Quandaries
Development of Methods of ``Training the Talent´´ and Resources to Use Those Special Skills
A Challenge to the Capabilities of All of Us
See Also
References and Reading
Savant Syndrome
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge and Research
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
SB5
SCAN-A (Adults)
SCAN-C (Children)
Scavenging
Schaffer v. Weast (Burden of Proof in Moving a Child to Another Placement)
Synonyms
Definition
Implications for ASD Students
Litigation Strategies
See Also
References and Reading
Schaffer v. Weast and the Burden of Persuasion
Schedule of Reinforcement
Definition
General Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Simple Versus Complex Schedules
Simple Schedules
Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedules
Variable Ratio (VR) Schedules
Fixed Interval (FI) Schedules
Variable Interval (VI) Schedules
Additional Simple Schedules
Differential Reinforcement
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible (DRI) and Alternative Behavior (DRA)
Differential Reinforcement of Low-Rate Behavior (DRL)
Differential Reinforcement of High-Rate Behavior (DRH)
Time-Based Simple Schedules
Complex Schedules
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Schedules
Schizophrenia
Scholarships
Scholz´s Disease
School Harassment
School Psychologist
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
School to Work Transition Process
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
School-Aged Children
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Mood and Anxiety Disorders in School-Aged Children on the Autism Spectrum
Behavioral and Social Problems
Medical Disorders
Educational Needs and Accommodations
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
School-Clinic Care Coordination for Youth with ASD
Definition
Current Knowledge
References and Reading
School-Wide Positive Behavior (al) Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS)-for Schools K-12
School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS)-for Schools K-12
Schopler, Eric
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Scoliosis
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Scotland and Autism
History
Overview of Assessment and Supportive Intervention and Social Policy/Training Initiatives
Overview of Research Directions
See Also
References and Reading
SCQ
Screening Instruments for ASD
Definition
Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Screening Measures
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Broad Developmental Screening Tools
Autism-Specific Screening Tools
Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT; Level 1)
Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT; Level 1)
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-IT Checklist; Level 1)
Developmental Check-In (DCI; Level 1)
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test, Second Edition (PDDST-II; Levels 1 and 2)
Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F; Levels 1 and 2)
Social Responsiveness Scale: Second Edition (SRS-2; Level 2)
Screening Tool for Autism in 2-Year-Olds (STAT; Level 2)
Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Second Edition (CARS2; Level 2)
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale: Third Edition (GARS-3; Level 2)
Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ; Level 2)
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Older Adults
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Screening Test for Auditory Processing Disorders
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers
Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Use of the STAT with 2-Year-Olds
Use of the STAT with Children Under 2 Years Old
Clinical and Community Use
See Also
References and Reading
Scripting
Scripts
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
SCZD15
SDA
Season of Birth in Autism
Synonyms
Definition
More Recent Test of the Seasonality Hypothesis in Autism
See Also
References and Reading
Seasonality of Autism
Secondary and Postsecondary Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Secondary Handicapping Conditions
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs)
Second-Generation Sequencing
SecreFlo
Secretin
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Secure Employment
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sedative Hypnotic Drugs
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Specific Compounds and Properties
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
References and Reading
Seeing Essential English (SEE I)
Segment
Seizure
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Seizure Disorder
Seizures
Selective Attention
Definition
Historical Background
Alternative Conceptualizations
Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Treatment Based on Normalizing Attention Patterns in ASD
Summary
References and Reading
Selective Mutism
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Self-Advocacy
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Care
Definition
Techniques to Assist in Learning Self-care Skills
Visual Aids
Social StoriesTM
Applied Behavior Analysis
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Contained Classroom
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Determination
Self-Directed Support Corporation Supports
Self-Direction
Self-Employment Supports
Self-Empowerment
Selfemra
Self-Help
Self-Help Skills
Definition
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Challenges to Skill Acquisition
Commonly Used Assessment Tools
Teaching Self-Help Skills and the Use of Evidence-Based Interventions
Behavioral Approaches
Visual Supports
Social Narratives
Video Modeling
Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Injurious Behavior
Self-Injurious Behavior (SIB)
Definition
Current Knowledge
Applied Behavior Analysis
Functional Analysis
Treatment
Punishment
Neurobiological Research and Psychopharmacological Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Management Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Other Distinction and Social Cognition in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Recognition
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Behavioral
Neuroimaging
Future Directions
References and Reading
Self-Recognition and Self-Referential Behavior
The Self-System
The Measurement of Self-Reflection
Self-Reflection and the Development of Brain Function
Self-Reflection and Self-Referential Behavior in Children with ASD
Self-Referential Abilities in Children with ASD
Brain Function Differences Between Typically Developing Children and Children with ASD
Conclusion
References
Self-Regulation
Self-Reliance
Self-Report Autism Scales for Adults
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ)
Adult Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ-2A)
Systemizing Quotient (SQ)
Current Knowledge
Study 1: Initial Evaluation
Method
Results
Study 2: Further Refinement
Method
Results
Study 3: Final Validation
Method
Results
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Self-Reported Temperament in Children and Adolescent with High Functioning Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Self-Stimulatory Behavior
Self-Talk
Self-Understanding of Academic Competencies in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Self-Understanding Throughout the Lifespan
Self-Understanding in ASD
Self-Understanding of Academic Competency in ASD
Factors Influencing Self-Understanding in ASD
Self-Understanding in ADHD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Semantic Fluency
Semantic Memory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Semantic Pragmatic Deficit Disorder
Semantic Pragmatic Deficit Syndrome
Semantic Pragmatic Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Book
Chapter in a Book
Article in a Journal
Semantic Pragmatic Language Disorder
Send-Out Room
Sensation Avoiding
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sensation-Seeking
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sense of Balance
Sensitivity and Specificity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sensorimotor Development
Historical Background
The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years)
Substage I: The Use of Reflexes (0-1 Month)
Substage II: Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 Months)
Substage III: Secondary Circular Reactions, or the Procedures Destined to Make Interesting Sights Last (4-8 Months)
Substage IV: Coordination of Secondary Schemata (8-12 Months)
Substage V: Tertiary Circular Reactions, or the Discovery of New Means Through Active Experimentation (12-18 Months)
Substage VI: Invention of New Means Through Mental Combinations (18-24 Months)
Current Knowledge
Sensorimotor Development in Autism
See Also
References and Reading
Sensorimotor Play
Sensory Aphasia
Sensory Avoiding
Sensory Diet
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Sensory Experiences Questionnaire
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Features as a Marker of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Sensory Features as a Diagnostic Marker of ASD
Early Sensory Symptoms Impact the Neurodevelopmental Trajectory
Relationship of Sensory Features to Autism Severity and Other Symptoms
Sensory Subtypes in ASD
Studies of Specific Sensory Modalities in ASD
Multisensory Integration
Future Directions
See Also
References
Sensory History
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Impairment
Sensory Impairment in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Dual Autism Plus Sensory Impairment Diagnoses
Sensory Processing Impairments in Autism
Current Knowledge
Dual Diagnoses of Sensory Impairment and Autism
Sensory Dysfunction Within Autism
Future Directions
Dual Sensory Impairments and Autism
Sensory Processing Disorder and Autism
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Integration (SI) Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Websites with Additional Information
Sensory Integration and Praxis Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT)
Sensory Overresponsivity as a Predictor of Amplitude Discrimination Performance in Youth with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Processing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Processing Assessment
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Processing Measure
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Processing Measure, Preschool Edition
Sensory Processing Measure: Preschool (SPM-P)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Seeking
Sensory Sensitivity Questionnaire (SSQ)
Sensory Sensitivity Questionnaire: Revised
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory Stimuli
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sensory System for Sense of Hearing
Sentence Structure
Separate Classroom
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
SEQ
Sequential Processing
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Serax
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Serentil
Serial Position Effect
Serial Processing
Seromycin
Seroplex
Seroquel
Seroquel XR
Serotonin
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Serotonin Behavioral Syndrome
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs)
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Serotonin Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Sertraline
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sertraline Hydrochloride
Service
Service Delivery Model
Definition
Format for Service Delivery
Comprehensive Treatment Programs as Service Delivery Models
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Service Need
Service Receipt
Service Use
Service Utilization in Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Set Shifting
Setting Events
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Types of Setting Events
Functional Assessment
Intervention
The Setting and the Schedule
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sex Chromosomes
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sex Differences in ASD on Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors and Interests
Definition(s)
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Stereotyped and Repetitive Behaviors
Sameness Behaviors
Restricted Interests
Self-Injurious Behaviors
Sensory Processing Differences
Neurophysiology
Summary
Implications
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sex Education
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sex Hormones
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Sexuality and Problem Behaviors
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sexuality and Romantic Relationships Among People with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sexuality in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
SHANK 3
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
SHANK3
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Shaping of Behavior
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Shared Book Reading with Preschoolers with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Reading Readiness Versus Emergent Literacy
Literacy Development in ASD
Shared Book Reading Activities
Current Knowledge
Home Literacy Environment
Engagement During Shared Book Reading
Shared Book Reading Interventions
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Shared Storybook Reading
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Shell Shock
Sheltered Employment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Sheltered Workshops
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Short Sensory Profile
Short Sensory Profile 2
Short Sensory Profile in Autism
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Short-Term Memory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Sibling Emotion
Sibling Feelings About Their Brother or Sister with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Sibling Relationship
Sibling Support
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Siemerling-Creutzfeldt Disease
Sign Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Signed English
Signing Exact English (SEE II)
Siladryl Allergy [OTC]
Silenor
Silphen Cough [OTC]
Simon Baron-Cohen
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Simple Phobia
Simplified Chinese Psychoeducational Profile Third Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Simply Sleep [OTC]
Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sinequan
Synonyms
See Also
References and Reading
Singapore and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Legal Issues/Mandates for Service
Historical Background
Overview of Current Services, Centers, and Interventions
Diagnostic and Clinical Services
Early Intervention
Educational Provisions for School Going Children
Services and Support for Adults with ASD
Research and Learning/Professional Development
Research
Training and Professional Development
Social Policy and Advocacy
Current Issues and Future Directions
References and Reading
Single Case
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Single-Nucleotide Variation
Single-Subject Design
Single-Subject Study
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
See Also
References and Reading
Singsong
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
SIPT
Situation Awareness
Situations-Options-Choices-Consequences-Strategies-Simulation (SOCCSS) Program
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Skill
Skinner´s Verbal Behavior
Skinnerian Categories of Verbal Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
SLDT-A
SLDT-E
Sleep Bruxism
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorders and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sleep Disturbance
Sleep-ettes D [OTC]
Sleepinal [OTC]
Sleep-tabs [OTC]
SLO Syndrome
SLOS
SLP (Acronym for Speech-Language Pathologist)
Small-Group Technology-Assisted Instruction Using Socially Assistive Robotics and Virtual Reality
Definition
Historical Background
One-to-One Instruction
Small-Group Instruction
Imitational Learning
Vicarious Learning
Current Knowledge
Computer-Assisted Instruction
Small-Group Technology-Assisted Instruction
Why SGTAI
Future Directions
Virtual Reality
Socially Assistive Robotics
Adaptive SGTAI
Affect-Sensitive SGTAI
See Also
References and Reading
Smith v. Robinson (1984)
Smith v. Robinson (1984) Rights to Attorney Fees for Parents
Synonyms
Definition
Conclusion
See Also
Smith, Tristram
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Genetic Counseling
Treatment
References and Reading
SNAP
SNE
SNP
Social
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Social Behaviors and Social Impairment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Camouflaging in Adults with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Class and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Social Class and ASD Diagnosis
Social Class, ASD Severity, and Well-Being
Social Class and ASD Treatment: Pharmaceutical and Behavioral
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Cognition
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Social Cognition Training
Social Cognitive Interventions
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Core Concepts of SCLT
SCLT in Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
SCLT and Interventions for ASD
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Communication
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Social Communication and Interaction (SCI)
Social Communication Disorder
Social Communication Questionnaire
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Social Emotional Skills
Social Gaze
Social Inclusion
Social Initiation
Social Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Language Development Test
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
SLDT-E
Item Pool
Standardization
SLDT-A
Item Pool
Standardization
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Social Language Development Test-Adolescent
Social Language Development Test-Elementary
Social Learning
Social Learning Disability/Difference
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Social Motivation and Friendship Experiences of Autistic Adolescents
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Friendships on the Autism Spectrum
Supporting Friendships
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder
Social Responsiveness Scale
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Internal Consistency
Retest Reliability/Temporal Stability Construct Validity
Inter-rater Reliability/Convergent Validity
Comparisons with Other Instruments: Concurrent Validation
Convergent Validity
Divergent/Discriminant Validity
Clinical Uses
Screening and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Reports
Results in Other Clinical and Behavioral Research
Heritability/Genetic Epidemiology
Brain Imaging
Longitudinal Course
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Suggested Reading
Social Scientist
Social Scripts
Social Security Amendments of 1965 (or ``Medicare Act of 1965´´ and/or the ``Medicaid Act of 1965´´)
Definition
Medicare Legislative Details
Medicaid Legislative Details
Legislative Details for Other Key Provisions
Legislative History and Background
See Also
References and Reading
Social Skill Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Social Skills
Social Skills Improvement System
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Social Stigma
Social Stories
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Social Thinking
Social Tools And Rules for Teens (START) Program
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Social Motivation
Social Insight
Social Skills
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Pre-group Preparation
START Program Session Format
Individual Check-in Session
Free Socialization Phase
Social Topic Discussion and Practice
Social Activity Phase
Checkout Session
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Survey-Based Outcome Measures
Social Conversation Probe Procedures
Social Conversation Outcome Measures
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Social Validity
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social-Emotional Behavior and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Measuring Social-Emotional Behavior
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social-Emotional Inhibition of Return
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Social-Emotional Learning Disability
Social-Emotional Learning Skills
Social-Emotional Processing Disorder
Social-Emotional Skills
Socialization and High-Functioning Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Soft Job Skills
Soiling
Somatosensory Cortex
Sominex [OTC]
Sominex Maximum Strength [OTC]
Somnolence
Son-Rise Program
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Sotos Syndrome and ASD
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology of Sotos Syndrome
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Sound Sensitivity
South Africa and Autism
Introduction
Historical Background
Legal Issues: Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Schools
Assessment and Diagnosis
Residential Treatment
Other Services
Overview of Research Directions
Cultural Factors and Controversies
References and Reading
SPA
Spain and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
References and Reading
SPANK-2
Sparrow, Sara
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Spastic Diplegia
Spastic Paralysis
Speaker Versus Listener-Oriented Disfluency
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Filled Pauses
Unfilled (or Silent) Pauses
Repetitions
Repairs
Other (Interjections, Prolongations, and Atypical Disfluency)
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Special Education
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Special Education Classroom
Special Education Needs
Special Education Service Utilization in ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Special Needs
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Special Needs Planning (SNP)
Definition
Principles of Special Needs Planning
Common Barriers to Special Needs Planning
See Also
References and Reading
Special Needs Trust (SNT)
Definition
Principles of Special Needs Trusts
Creation of Special Needs Trusts
Types of Special Needs Trusts
Key Considerations for Grantors When Creating a Special Needs Trust
Legislative History of Special Needs Trusts
See Also
References and Reading
Special Olympics
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Brief History
Major Activities
The Value of Special Olympics
References and Reading
Specific Language Impairment
Specific Learning Disability
Specific Learning Disorder
Specific Reading Disability
Spectrum/Continuum of Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Speech
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Speech and Language Services
Speech Clinician (Not Preferred Title)
Speech Delay
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Speech Disorder
Speech Impairment
Speech Impairment/Disorder
Speech Impairments
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Speech Morphology
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Speech Pathologist (Not Preferred Title)
Speech Sound
Speech Sound Disorder
Speech Sound Production
Speech Teacher (Not Preferred Title)
Speech Therapist (Not Preferred Title)
Speech Therapy
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
References and Reading
Speech Therapy (Not Preferred)
Speech/Communication Disabilities
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Early Communication Development
Later Language, Speech, and Communicative Development
Language Form (Phonology, Morphology, Syntax)
Language Content (Vocabulary, Semantics)
Language Use (Pragmatics, Social Use of Language)
Speech
Echolalia
Pronoun Reversal
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Speech-for-the-Self
Speech-Language Clinician (Not Preferred Title)
Speech-Language Intervention
Synonyms
Definition
Speech Disorders
Language Disorders
Social Communication or Pragmatic Language Disorders
Cognitive-Communication Disorders
Severe Communication Disorders
Feeding and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)
See Also
References and Reading
Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Speech-Language Pathology Practice
Speech-Language Pathology Services
Speech-Language Therapist (Not Preferred Title)
Sphingolipidoses
Spinal Curvature
Spinal Fluid
SPM
SPM-P
Spoken Language
Spoken Language Comprehension
Sports
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
SRS
SSIS SEL
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
SSP
SSP-2
SSQ-R
Staff Training and Development
Stalking
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Risk Factors
Desire Versus Skillset to Initiate and Maintain Intimate Relationships
Victim as Circumscribed Interest
Stalking as the Routine/Ritual
Difficulties with Perspective Taking
Time Spent Online
Media Influences
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Stammering
Standard
Standard Deviation (SD)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Standard Error of Measurement
Standard Error of the Mean
Definition
References and Reading
Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Score
Standard Scores (Z and T Scores)
Definition
See Also
Standardization
Introduction and Definition
Standardization Sample
Standard Scores
Interpreting the Meaning of Standard Scores, with Reference to Vineland II Adaptive Behavior Scores
Classifying Levels of Adaptive Behavior on the Basis of a Knowledge of Standard Scores
How Standardized Test Scores Can Be Used to Understand Autistic Behavior
References and Reading
Standardized Behavior Checklists
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Standardized Scores
Standardized Tests
Standing Balance Assessment
Stanford-Binet
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales and Revised Versions
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
STAR Program
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Startle Reflex
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Startle Response
STAT
State Educational Agency
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
State of Alertness
Statewide Service Programs
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Statistical Approaches to Subtyping
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
K-Means
Mixture Modeling
Hierarchical Clustering
Determining the Number of Clusters
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Statistical Significance
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stay-Put Requirement
Synonyms
Definition
In General
In the Disciplinary Context
See Also
References and Reading
Stelazine
STEM Education and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Stepped Transition in Education Program for Students with ASD (STEPS)
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Steps
Stereotyped and Restrictive Behaviors and Sensory Interests (SRS)
Stereotyped Movement Disorder
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Stereotypic Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
Stereotypies
See Also
References and Reading
Stereotypic Movement Disorders
Stereotypies
Stereotypy
Steroids
Definition
References and Reading
Stigmatization
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stimulant Medications
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stimulus
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stimulus Control
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stimulus Fading
Stimulus Overselectivity
Definition
References and Reading
Stimulus Preference Assessment
Story Grammar Analysis
Story Grammar Assessment
Story Structure Decision Tree
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Strabismus
Synonyms
Definition
Stranger Anxiety
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Straterra (TM)
Strengthening
Stress Disorder
Stress Reactivity
Striatum
Strong Narrative Assessment Procedure (SNAP), Second Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Structural Equation Mixture Modeling
Structural Equation Modeling
Structured Behavioral Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Structured Classrooms
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Structured Descriptive Assessment
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Structured Environments
Structured Teaching
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Student Characteristics and Teachers´ Decisions to Use 1:1 Instruction
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment
Definition
References and Reading
Study Design Impact on Prevalence
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Stuttering
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy
Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
Sub-cortical Ganglia
Sub-Saharan Africa and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues: Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Cultural Factors and Controversies
See Also
Resources and Readings
References and Reading
Substance Use Problems/Disorders in Individuals with ASD
Introduction
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Substantia Grisea
Substantia Nigra
Definition
References and Reading
Substantial Gainful Activity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Substantial Gainful Employment
Subtest Scatter
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Subtyping Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Categorical Diagnoses
Cognitive Subtypes
Language Subtypes
Repetitive Behaviors Subtypes
Patterns of Onset
Physical Phenotypes
Sex
Responders to Treatment
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Success Factors Enabling Employment for Adults on the Autism Spectrum
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Personal Factors
Job Match
Environmental Factors
Employers and Coworkers
Workplace Accommodations
Vocational Support Services
Family
Policy, Procedures, and Practices
Future Directions
See Also
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Successful School Transition
Successive Integration
Successive Processing
Suicidality in Children and Adolescents with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Risk Factors
Demographic Variables
Symptom Severity
Comorbidities
Bullying
Assessment
Prevention
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Suicide Rates in Adults with Autism
Definition
Autism and Suicidal Behavior
Prevalence
Completed Suicide
Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Adults
Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Children and Adolescents
Presentation
Causes and Risk Factors
Management
Crisis Intervention/Inpatient Admission
Outpatient Treatment
Prevention
Conclusion
References and Reading
Sulfatide Lipidosis
Sulfatidosis
Superior Temporal Sulcus
Superior Temporal Sulcus Region
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Support Trust
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Sources
Supported Employment
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Supported Employment Group
Supported Work
Supporting
Sustained Treatment Benefits
Sweden and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Social Policy and Training
References and Reading
Symbol
Symbol Use
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Symbolic Behavior
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Symbolic Play
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Symbolic Thought
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Synapses
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Synaptic Proteins
Structure
Function
Pathophysiology
See Also
References and Reading
Synaptic Pruning
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Synaptogenesis
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Syndrome of Deficits in Attention, Motor Control, and Perception (DAMP)
Syntax
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Systemizing
Systemizing Quotient (SQ-7)
Systems Intervention
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
T
T Scores
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
TABS
TABS Screener
TACL-4
Tact
Tact(s)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Tactile
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Tactile Defensiveness
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Tactile Defensiveness and Discrimination Test-Revised
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Tactile Sensitivity
Tactile Temporal Resolution
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Tailoring Job Skills
Takao Syndrome
Talking
Tangentially
Tantrum
Tardive Dyskinesia
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Target Behavior
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Targeting IEP Social Goals in Summer Camps
Definitions
Historical Background
Underlying Theory, Goals, and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
Summary
References and Reading
Task Analysis
References and Reading
TDDT-R
TEACCH Transition Assessment Profile - Computer Version
TEACCH Transition Assessment Profile (TTAP)
Synonyms
Definition
Description
Historical Background
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Teach Me Language
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Teacher´s Aide
Teaching Abduction-Prevention Skills to Children with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Teaching Assistant
Teaching Interaction Procedure
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Label and Identification
Rationale
Description/Demonstration
Practice
Feedback
Optional External Consequence
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Teaching Personal Safety
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Team Approach
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Teglutik
TELD
TELD-2
TELD-3
Telegraphic Speech
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Telehealth: An Effective Model for Providing Behavior Analytic Interventions to Individuals with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Temper Tantrum
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Temperament
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Temperament and Atypical Behavior Scale Screener (TABS Screener)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Temporal Cortex
Temporal Lobes
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Tenex
Teratology
Test Age
Test Bias
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language - Fourth Edition
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Early Language Development (TELD)
Synonyms
Description
Applications in Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders
Applications in Research on Theory of Mind and Language Development
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Early Language Skill
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Early Mathematics Ability-3
Description
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Narrative Language
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-4)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Test Construction
Clinical Uses
Test Construction
Item Analysis
Item Response Theory
Standardization Sample
Reliability and Validity
Strengths
Weaknesses
Summary
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Playfulness (ToP)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Pragmatic Language-2 (TOPL-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Test of Sensory Functioning in Infants
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Written Language
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Test of Written Language, Fourth Edition (TOWL-4)
Thalamus
Definition
References and Reading
Thalidomide
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
See Also
References and Reading
Theoretical Models and Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Medical Model of Disability
Social Model of Disability
Bio/Psycho/Social Model of Disability
Current Knowledge: Theoretical Models of Autism and Autism Theory
Future Directions: For Autism Research
See Also
References and Reading
Theories of Language Development
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Theory of Mind
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Theraflu Thin Strips Multi symptom [OTC]
Therapeutic Education
Therapist
Thimerosal
Definition
References and Reading
Thioridazine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Thiothixene
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Thiothixene
Thiothixene Hydrochloride
Thiothixene Hydrochloride Intensol
Third Edition
Thorazine
Threat Detection
Threat Perception
Threat Superiority
Three-Word Phrases and Sentences
Thyrotropin, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroxine (T)
Tics
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
TIME
Time Experience in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
``Lived Time´´
Explicit Time Experience
Implicit Time Experience
Interrupted Time Experience
Future Directions
References and Reading
Time Interval
Time Management
Definition
References and Reading
Time Sampling Procedures
Time Trends in Diagnosis
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Kanner Criteria (1943)
Eisenberg and Kanner (1956)
Creak et al. (1964)
Rutter Criteria (1978)
DSM-III (1980)
DSM-III-R (1987)
DSM-IV (1994) and DSM-IV TR (2000)
DSM 5 (estimated 2013)
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Time-Out
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Time-Out from Positive Reinforcement
Timothy Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology of Timothy Syndrome
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Timothy Syndrome - 1 (TS1)
Timothy Syndrome - 2 (TS2)
Title IX
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
TNL 2
Toddler Infant Motor Evaluation
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Standardization
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
References and Reading
Toe Walking
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Tofranil
Toilet Training
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Token Economy
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Token Test for Children - Second Edition (TTFC-2)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Tolerance for Delay
Tone of Voice
TONI
Tonic-Clonic Seizure
ToP
Topamax (Topiramate)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Topic Management
Topiramate
TOPL-2
Total Communication (TC) Approach
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Touch
Touch Pressure
Definition
References and Reading
Touch Processing and Social Behavior in ASD
Definition
Acknowledgment
References and Reading
Touch Sensitivity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Tourette Disorder
Tourette Syndrome
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Pharmacologic Interventions
Behavioral
See Also
References and Reading
Tourette´s Syndrome
Toxicology
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Train-and-Hope Strategy
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Trainer Implementation
Training Parents of Youth with Autism to Advocate for Adult Disability Services
Definition
Historical Background
Barriers to Receiving Adult Services for Youth with ASD
Need for Parent Advocacy
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Training the General Case
Transactional Support (SCERTS) Model
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Transactional Supports
Transdisciplinary Assessment and Intervention
Transdisciplinary Team
Transfer of Function
Transformative Autism Studies (Woods et al. 2018)
Transition Cue
Definition
References and Reading
Transition Planning
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Transition Support Practices
Transitional Living
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Trauma
Travel Training
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Traveling Teacher
Trazodone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Treatment Adherence
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication-Related Handicapped CHildren
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped Children
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Treatment Fidelity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Treatment for Higher-Order Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Treatment Gain Retention
Treatment Integrity
Treatment Preference Assessment
Treatment Preference Evaluation
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Treatment Priorities
Definition
References and Reading
Treffert, Darold
Short Biography
References and Reading
Trexan
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
TRIAD Social Skills Assessment
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Trial
Definition
References and Reading
Triaminic Thin Strips Children´s Cough and Runny Nose [OTC]
Triazolam and Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Trichotillomania
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
References and Reading
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Triennial Evaluation and Triennial Review
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Trifluoperazine
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Trilafon
Trisomy 21
True Negative Rate
True Positive Rate
Trust
Definition
In General
Important Considerations and Financial Planning
See Also
References and Reading
Trustee
Definition
Serving the Role of Trustee
Trustee Duties and Obligations
Multiple Trustees
Compensation of Trustees
See Also
References and Reading
Tryptophan
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
TS Bourneville´s Disease
TSC Tuberous Sclerosis
TSFI
TSI
TTAP
TTAP-CV
TTFC-2
Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance
Major Areas or Mission Statement
Landmark Contributions
Major Activities
See Also
References and Reading
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Turkey and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Social Policy and Training
See Also
References and Reading
Turner Syndrome
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Turn-Taking
Tutor
Twilite [OTC]
Twin Studies in Autism
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Type I Error
Type II Punishment
Type II Punishment, Second Edition
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Typical
Typical Length
Typically Developing
U
U.S. Family and Medical Leave Act
Definition
References and Reading
UCLA Young Autism Project
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Ullrich-Turner Syndrome
Uncertainty Processing in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Relations Between Uncertainty Processing and Autism Symptoms and Features
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety in ASD
Emotional Regulation in ASD
Treatment Models for Uncertainty Processing
Behavioral Measures of Uncertainty Processing
Neurobiological Measures of Uncertainty Processing
Future Directions
References and Reading
Under-arousal
Understanding Parent´s Intervention Choices for Their Child with ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Understanding Social Communication Differences in ASD and First-Degree Relatives
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Social Communication in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Social Communication in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals with ASD
Origins of Social Communication Differences in ASD and First-Degree Relatives
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Unengaged
Uniform Transfers to Minors
Definition
References and Reading
Unipolar Depression
Unisom SleepGels Maximum Strength [OTC]
Unisom SleepMelts [OTC]
Unit of Response
United Kingdom (UK)
Upright/Inverted Figures
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Uruguay and Autism
Background and History
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Overview of Training
Social Policy and Current Controversies
See Also
References and Reading
US Social Policy and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Introduction
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
Historical Background
Early Legislation
The Role of Advocates
The Role of Research
Current Knowledge
ASD Information and Awareness
ASD Services
ASD Training
ASD Practice Standards
ASD Research
Comprehensive Reform
Future Directions
DSM-V
Improving and Increasing Services at the Local Level
The Identity of the ASD Community
See Also
References and Reading
USA and Autism
Historical Background
Legal Issues, Mandates for Service
Overview of Current Treatments and Centers
Overview of Research Directions
Social Policy and Training
See Also
References and Reading
Use of Language
Use of Language in Context
Using Shaping to Increase Foods Consumed by Children with Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Uta Frith
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Utilitarian Attention
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Utility of Repeated Autism Screening at 18 and 24 Months
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Uzgiris-Hunt Ordinal Scales of Infant Development
Description
Historical Background
Development of the Instrument
Scale I: The Development of Visual Pursuit and the Permanence of Objects
Scale II: The Development of Means for Obtaining Desired Environmental Events
Scale IIIa: The Development of Vocal Imitation
Scale IIIb: The Development of Gestural Imitation
Scale IV: The Development of Operational Causality
Scale V: The Construction of Object Relations in Space
Scale VI: The Development of Schemes for Relating to Objects
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
V
V1
VABS-II: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II
Vaccinations and Autism
Definition
References and Reading
Validity
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Valium
Valproate
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Valproate Sodium (Depacon)
Valproic Acid
Valproic Acid (Depakene and Stavzor)
Vanderbilt Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders (TRIAD) Social Skills Assessment (TSSA)
Vanspar
Variable Expressivity of Genes
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
VB-MAPP
VB-MAPP: Verbal Behavior Milestones and Placement Program
VCFS
Velocardiofacial Syndrome
Venlafaxine
Synonyms
Indications
Mechanisms of Action
Mechanism of Action According to Stahl´s Essential Psychopharmacology (2008)
Specific Compounds and Properties
Clinical Use (Including Side Effects)
FDA-Approved Clinical Uses
Clinical Uses of Venlafaxine in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
Side Effects
See Also
References and Reading
Ventricles
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Ventriculography
Verbal Apraxia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Natural History
Prognostic Factors
Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Auditory Agnosia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Behavior
Verbal Behavior Assessment
Verbal Behavior Interventions
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Use
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Communication
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Comprehension
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Verbal Comprehension Index
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Dyspraxia
Verbal Fluency
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Intelligence
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Empirical Findings from Verbal Intelligence Tests
Underlying Abilities and Theoretical Accounts
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Verbal Semantic Coherence
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Verbalization
Versed
Very Early-Onset Schizophrenia
Vestibular Function in Children with Autism
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Vestibular System in Autism
Definition
Vestibular System
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Symptoms Due to Abnormal Modulation of Vestibular Input
Neurophysiologic Studies
Therapeutic Implications of Abnormal Vestibular Modulation
References and Reading
Victimization
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Video Feedback and Feedforward
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
References and Reading
Video Games and Violence
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Vulnerability to the Impact of Violent Video Games
Violent Video Games and Aberrant Behavior
Internet Addiction
Game Genres
Violent Video Games as Video Models
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Video Games, Use of
Definition
Historical Background
History of Video Games
Types of Video Games
The Demographics of Video Games and Video Game Players
Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games
History of Educational Video Games and Edutainment
Current Knowledge
Recreational Use of Video Games in Individuals with ASD
Therapeutic Use of Video Games in Individuals with ASD
Concerns, Limitations, and Recommendations
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Video Instruction
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Video Modeling/Video Self-Modeling
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Video Prompting
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Video Tape Analysis Studies
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Video to Diagnose (Retrospective and Prospective)
Video to Assess and Treat
Video to Contextualize, Describe (Naturalistic: Generalizing, Particularizing)
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS)
Vineland III
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Vineland-3
Violence and ASD
Definition
Historical Background
Prevalence in the Criminal Justice System
Risk Factors
Current Knowledge
Instrumental Violence
Violation of a Routine/Lack of Access to Circumscribed Interest
Circumscribed Interest in Violence
Expressive Violence
Sensory Response
Communication Challenges
Difficulties Reading Social Situations
Future Directions
See Also
References and Readings
Violent/Criminal Behavior in Autism
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Visiting Teacher
Visual Attention to Eyes
Visual Cortex
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Evoked Potential (VEP)
Visual Narrative Comprehension
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Narrative Sequences
Visual Orienting to Eyes
Visual Processing
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Lower-Level Vision: Striate and Extrastriate Cortex
Mid-level Vision: Ventral Occipitotemporal Cortex
Perceptual Grouping
Motion Perception
Higher-Level Vision: Beyond the Calcarine Sulcus
Future Directions
Conclusions
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Responses to Implicit Emotional Faces
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Scanning
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Visual Scanning of Faces: Fixation Patterns
Attention Shifting
Stimulus Effects
Age Effects
Visual Scanning of Scenes That Contain Social Stimuli
Visual Scanning of Nonsocial Stimuli
Correlates of Atypical Scanning Patterns
Summary
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Schedule
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Schedules
Visual Supports
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Visual Thinking
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Visual/Somatosensory Cognitive Potentials
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Face Recognition
Emotion Processing
Attention
Goal-Directed Learning
Movement-Related Potentials
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Visually Organized Learning Environments
Visual-Motor Ability
Visual-Motor Function
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Visual-Motor Integration
Visual-Motor Integration, Developmental (VMI) Test
Abbreviations
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Visual-Motor Skills
Visual-Spatial Ability
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Visuomotor Ability
Visuomotor Function
Visuomotor Skills
Vitamin B8
Vivactil
VMI
Vocable
Vocabulary
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Vocalization
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Vocational Counseling
Vocational Counselor
Vocational Evaluator
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Vocational Rehabilitation Specialist
Vocational Trainer
Vocational Training
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
Voice Output Communication Aids
Definition
Historical Background
Rationale or Underlying Theory
Goals and Objectives
Treatment Participants
Treatment Procedures
Efficacy Information
Outcome Measurement
Qualifications of Treatment Providers
See Also
References and Reading
VPT
W
Wait Training
Synonyms
Definition
References and Reading
Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS)
WCST
Weak Central Coherence
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Wechsler Memory Scale (All Versions)
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
General Cognitive Screener
Logical Memory
Verbal Paired Associates
Designs
Visual Reproduction
Spatial Addition
Symbol Span
Older Adult Battery
Calculation of Index Scores
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
Structure
Coding Subtest
Description of Subtests
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Development and Standardization Procedures
Statistical Properties
Clinical Uses
Special Subgroups
Interpretation
See Also
References and Reading
Wechsler Test of Adult Reading
Description
See Also
References and Reading
Wechsler, David
References and Reading
Wellbutrin
Wernicke, Karl (1848-1905)
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Wernicke´s Aphasia
Synonyms
Short Description or Definition
Categorization
Epidemiology
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
See Also
References and Reading
West Syndrome
Whole-Genome Sequencing
Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML)
Synonyms
Description
Content
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Wide-Range Assessment of Visual-Motor Abilities
Wilbarger Protocol
Williams-Beuren Region Duplication
Wing Subgroups Questionnaire (WSQ)
Wing, Lorna
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
References and Reading
Books
Winkleman v. Parma City School District (2007 Rights Under IDEA)
Definition
In General
Implications for ASD Students
Litigation Strategies
References and Reading
WISC
WISC - V
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Within-Subject Design
WJ-IV
WJ-IV Ach
WJ-IV Cog
WJ-IV OL
Wolfe, Sula
Name and Degrees
Major Appointments (Institution, Location, Dates)
Major Honors and Awards
Landmark Clinical, Scientific, and Professional Contributions
Short Biography
See Also
References and Reading
Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement, Fourth Edition
Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, Fourth Edition
Woodcock Johnson, Fourth Edition
Woodcock-Johnson Cognitive and Achievement Batteries
Synonyms
Abbreviations
Description
WJ-IV Cog Battery
WJ-IV Ach Battery
WJ-IV OL Battery
Historical Background
Cattell and Horn´s Gf-Gc Theory
Carroll´s Three-Stratum Theory
Psychometric Data
Reliability
Validity
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Reading
Word Fluency
Word Recognition
Word Use
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Words
Work Placement for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Work Team
Workforce Innovations Opportunity Act
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Working for Pay
Worry
Wounds
WPPSI-III
WPPSI-III - Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
WRAML2
WRAML-2
Wraparound Services
Definition
Historical Background
Origins of the Wraparound Process
Federally Funded Programs and Wraparound Services
Wraparound-Type Services for Individuals with a Developmental Disability
Current Knowledge
Applied Behavior Analysis
Ten Principles of the Wraparound Process as Developed by the National Wraparound Initiative
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
WRAVMA
Writing
Writing Disorders
Short Description or Definition
Assessment
Categorization
Epidemiology
Natural History, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
Clinical Expression and Pathophysiology
Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Intervention
See Also
References and Reading
Writing Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Writing Interventions
Behavioral Principles
Assistive Technologies
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Written Communication
Written Language
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Wrong Decision
X
X and Y Chromosomes
Xanax
Xanax (Alprazolam)
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Xanax XR
Xeristar
X-Linked Traits
Definition
See Also
References and Readings
X-Ray Computed Tomography
Y
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Yale In Vivo Pragmatic Protocol
Synonyms
Description
Historical Background
Psychometric Data
Clinical Uses
See Also
References and Readings
Yeast Infection
Definition
References and Reading
Yentreve
YGTSS
YiPP
Z
Z Scores
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Zactin
Zaponex
Zebrafish Models
Definition
Historical Background
Current Knowledge
Future Directions
See Also
References and Reading
Zeldox
Zero Reject
Definition
See Also
References and Readings
Ziprasidone
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Zoloft
Zolpidem
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Zonalon
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Zyban
Zygosity
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading
Zyprexa
Synonyms
Definition
See Also
References and Reading