Deploying license-free wireless wide-area networks [illustrated edition] 9781587050695, 1587050692

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

all br an ds of br oadb and w ireless equ ipm en t an d ex plains t h e pr inciples upon w hich all w ireless equipm ent is based. I nside, y ou' ll find st ep- b y- st ep in st ru ct ion s and cry st al- clear ex planat ion s t hat w alk y ou t hr ough init ial p lan ning st ages and on t o f ull w ir eless net w ork operat ion . En d- ofchapt er r ev iew q uest ion s r ein for ce im p ort an t concept s. Whet h er y ou' r e an I T dir ect or , I SP en gineer , net w ork ar chit ect , or f ield t ech nician , Deploy ing Licen se- Fr ee Wir eless Wid e- Ar ea Net w or ks is you r essent ial r efer en ce. Wit h pr act ical, in- dept h cover age of t h e r eal- w or ld ch alleng es of ou t door , licen se- f ree w ir eless WAN d ep loy m ent , t h is • Table of Content s book p r ovides a com p rehensiv e, vend or- n eu t r al gu id e t o su ccessf ul w ir eless net w or k desig n an d • I ndex oper at ion. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

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Best pr act ices f or About th e Aut h orplan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. About th e Tech nical Rev iewer s Ack nowledgmen Lear n in sid erts t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Sample of Phy sical Sit e Sur vey Dat a For m

and IUnder n tr oductstion

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Who This Book I s For

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access How t o Use Th is Book

Cha pter t1. nt rodu io n iv t o eBroadban d Licen se-Free Wireless in g Select heAnmIost effctect equip ment and ant enn a Wide-Area sy st em s Net f orwork y our

ar ea

Diff er en ces Bet ween Wired Net work s and Wireless Net work s

Av oid comTerm m oninology p it falls Wireless an d encount Evolut ion er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Adv ant ages o f License- Free Wireless Net work s

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Cha lleng es of Licen se-Free Wireless Net work s

Rev iew estisf ion act s ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y En joy t h eQusat Cha pter 2. Un der st anding Wireless Fun damen ta ls

Pr act ice t hProp e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Wireless agat io n Wireless Frequency

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Wireless Wav elen gt h or ou t door env ir onm en t At ten uat ion

Free- Space es net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Ch oose t he rWav ight Reflect ed Wav es

ConDiff duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys ract ion Weat her a nd Ot her Atm osph er ic Eff ect s

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Working wit h Wireless Power cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ant ennsa w Chitaract ics irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hese benefit h outerist requ Antpanies. enn a Beamwidt h cable com WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Lin e- of -Sight Path s deploy t hObt eiraining ownWireless cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Wireless Lin kt rad Budget pr ohib it ivTips e. Deploy LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides for Planning ing Lon g Wireless Links com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Rev iew Qu est ion s w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Cha pter 3. Choosin g Your Net work Arch it ect ur e 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Point - t o-Poin t Archit ect ure Cellular Archit ectu re Mesh Arch it ect ur e Select ing t he Prelim inary Net work Arch it ect ur e Rev iew Qu est ion s Cha pter 4. Perfor ming Sit e Surv eys Phy sical Sit e Su rv ey s

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Table of Content s

Radio Fr equ ency ( RF) Sit e Su rvey s

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Negot iat ing a Sit e Lease De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks Rev iew Qu est ion s By Jack Unger Cha pter 5. Select ing Ant enna System s Usin g Ant enn as to Focus Power and Reduce I nt erference Pub lish er: Cisco Press Surv ey in g Co mm on An t en na Ty pes Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 Com bining Ant enna Sy st em s I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 I solat ing Ant enn a Sy st em s Pages: 35 2 Secto r Ant enn a Sy st ems Ot her Ant enn a Sy st em Com ponent s Feed Syst em s Rev iew Qu est ion s Cha pter 6. Evaluat in g an d Select in g Wireless Equipm ent

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Overv iew of t h e Equ ipmen t Select ion Process OSI an d TCP/ I P Ref erence Models

Lear n sical in sid erer tWir ipsedf rom perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Phy Lay I nt erfan ace ex Feat ures Phy sical Lay er Wir eless- I nt erfa ce Fea tu res

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Dat a Link Layer Fea tu res

Net Feat Lear n work howLay t oerpr ovures id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Applicat ion Lay er Feat ures

Select m ostFeat effure ectDecisions iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Maj ort he Net work Rev iew Qu est ion s

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Cha pter 7. I nstalling Out door Wireless Sy stem s

Preparin f or Ou tdo ors Wireless I nstand allat ions Minim ize gt he ef fect of noise int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Ver ifying t he I n st allation Docu ment at ion

En joy t h eg sat isf act rova iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y I n st allin TowerMouion nt edof Antpenn Sy st ems I n st allin g Roof t op-Moun ted Ant enna System s

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Test ing Wir eless Syst em s

iew 1 Qu1a, est ion UseRev 8 02. 80s 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Chaou pter 8. Solvin or t door envgirNoise onmand en tI n terf eren ce Pr oblem s Un derst andin g SNR

Ch oose he rthight netLev w or Max im tizing e Signal el k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Min im izing t he Noise an d I n t er ference Lev el

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Usin g Direct ion- Fin ding Techniqu es t o Locat e Noise Sour ces est ion s d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low License- fRev r eeiewb rQu oadban cost , high - sp9.eed " last moadband ile" w irWireless eless I Int access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Cha pter Prov iding- Br n t er ernnet et Access t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Plann ing for WI SP Su ccess cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Desig ning Reliab le Net work s deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Dep loy in g St able Net work s and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Man aging Net work Th roug hput pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides En han cing work y f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com plet e, r ealwNet orld " stSecurit ar t - t oistin g witot h her Ot heror Wireless Netwo w ireless Coex I SPs and ganizat ion srksdeploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of h th e802 FCC .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a,Living 802 wit .1 1b,

Ant icipat ing Em er ging Trends Avo id in g Black Holes Rev iew Qu est ion s Appendix A. Wir eless St an dards Su mm ary Appendix B. Wir eless Hardwar e, Sof t ware, and Serv ice Pr ovider Organizat ion s Wireless Ha rdware Lo w-Cost 802 .1 1b Access Poin t Har dware

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Table of Content s

Wireless Ho tspot Har dware

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Free Space Opt ical Hardware De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks Securit y Hardware an d Sof t ware By Jack Unger Ant enn a Sy st em s Coaxial Cab le Pub lish er: Cisco Press Towers and Ant enna Mou nt ing Hard ware Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 Ligh t ning- Prot ect ion Equ ipm ent I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Groun ding Equ ip ment Pages: 35 2 Test Equipm ent Peripheral Equ ipment Dist ribu t ors Wireless Soft war e Ser vices Suggest ed Book s for Furt her Reading

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Online Magazines WI SP I ndustr y Organizat ion s

Lear in sid E-n Mail List ser t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er FCC Ru les an d Regulat ion s

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Wireless St andard s

Loncathow in g a tWI Lear o SP pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Com mu nit y Net work s and Wireless User Groups

Select ost eff iv eerequip and Appendixt he C. m Answers t oect Ch apt Rev iewment Qu est ion s ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Answers t o Ch apt er 1 Rev iew Qu est io ns

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Answers t o Ch apt er 2 Rev iew Qu est io ns

Answers o Chef apt er 3sRev Qu est io ns int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Minim ize tthe fect of iew noise and Answers t o Ch apt er 4 Rev iew Qu est io ns

En joy t h e tsat rov Answers o Chisf aptact er 5ion Revof iewpQu estiding io ns w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Answers t o Ch apt er 6 Rev iew Qu est io ns

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Answers t o Ch apt er 7 Rev iew Qu est io ns

o Ch apt Qu est io ns11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, UseAnswers 8 02. 1t1a, 80 er 2. 811Rev b,iew and 8 02. Answers Ch apt 9 Rev or ou t doort oenv ir er onm eniew t Qu est io ns I n dex

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Copyright Cop yr igh t © 2 003 Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. Pub lished by :Table of Content s • Cisco Pr ess • I ndex 20 1 W est 103 rd St reet De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a I ndian apolis, I N 462 90 USA

Ne tw or ks

By Jack Unger

All r ight s reserv ed. No par t of t h is book m ay b e repr od uced or t r ansm it t ed in an y for m or b y any m ean r onic or m ech anical, inclu ding ph ot ocopy in g, r ecor d in g, or by any in for m at ion Pubs, lishelect er: Cisco Press st orPub ageDat and r et r iev al syst e: February 26, 200 3 em , w it hou t w r it t en p er m ission fr om t h e pu blish er , ex cept for t he inclusion of b rief qu ot at ions in a r eview . I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 Pr int ed in t h e Un it ed St at es of Am erica 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Secon d Pr int in g June 2 003 Lib rar y of Con gr ess Cat aloging- in - Publicat ion Num ber: 20 010 981 96 Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Warning and Disclaimer Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er This b ook is desig ned t o pr ov ide inf or mat ion ab out license- f r ee w ir eless w ide- ar ea net w ork s. andbeen t he pmad rinciples ateun lie t has e oper ione of allas wiraccur elessatsy s Ev eryUnder ef for tsthas e t o mt hak t hder is book comat plet and e st asem p ossible, bu t n o w ar ran t y or f it ness is im p lied. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The in for m at ion is p r ovided on an " as is" basis. The au t hor , Cisco Pr ess, an d Cisco Sy st ems, I nc. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea shall h ave n eit h er liab ilit y n or r espon sib ilit y t o any p er son or ent it y w it h r espect t o any loss or dam ages isin gmfron omp itt hfalls e infor m at ion conbtyained h is book t he u se of t he d iscs or Av oidarcom encount er ed new in w irteless net wororfkr om oper at ors pr ogr am s t h at m ay accomp any it . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The op inions ex pr essed in t his b ook belong t o t he aut hor and ar e not necessar ily t hose of Cisco Sy st em Ens, joyI nc. t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Trademark Acknowledgments Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t doorion env All t eror msoument ed irinonm t hisenbtook t hat ar e kn ow n t o be t rad em ar k s or serv ice mar k s hav e b een app rop riat ely capit alized. Cisco Pr ess or Cisco Syst em s, I nc. cannot at t est t o t he accur acy of t his t he rof ight or kt har it ectshould ur e f or not y ourbewregar ir eless netas w or inf ormCh atoose ion. Use a t net er mw in is ch book ded afkfect in g t he v alid it y of any t r adem ark or ser v ice m ar k . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

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License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or At Cisco Press, ourWWANs g oal is enable t o cr eatIentind ep ser t h tvice echnpr ical books s( Iof t he and h ig hest alit v alu e.s t o cable com panies. er net ov ider SPs) corpqu orat e yI Tand m anager Each cr aftcost ed w- efficient it h car e an d p recision , und r igor ous ent t hatf orin volv t he deploybook t h eiris own b r oadban d n et w or kersgtoin hatg deliver h igdevelopm h- speed access bu ildes ings un ex pert ise of mitemb er sw firr ed om conn t he pr t ech nicalplet com m unav un it y.ailable or is cost andiq ue ar eas w here t rad ional ectofessional iv it y is eit h er com ely pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Reader back is a" st n ar at tur ion ofinst t hisallat pr ocess. I f yat ouion, h ave regar g com plets'e,f eed r ealw orld - tal o- fcont in ishinu " datesign, ion , oper an dany supcom por ment t in fors m at iond in f or how w e cou ld im pr ov e t he qualit y of t h is book , or ot h er w ise alt er it t o bet t er su it y our n eeds, w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of y80 ou2.can u s 802 t hr ou m ailprat com Please mak e- neut sur er al t o book include t hes 11a,cont 802act .1 1b, .1gh 1g,e-and oprfeedback iet ary - pr@ciscopr ot ocol n ess. et w or k s.. This v endor cover

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• Pub lisher

I ndex

John Wait

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ed it or- in - Chief

John Kane

By Jack Unger

Ex ecu t ive Edit or

Br et t Bar t ow

Pub lish er: esent Cisco Press Cisco Repr at ive

Ant h ony Wolf en den

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Cisco Pr ess Pr ogr am Manager

Sonia Torr es Ch avez

CiscoPages: Mar k 35 et 2in g Com mu nicat ion s Man ager

Tom Geit ner

Cisco Mar k et in g Pr og ram Manager

Ed ie Quir oz

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pr oduct ion Manag er Pat r ick Kanouse Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Acquisit ions Edit or Michelle Gr andin Senior Dev elopm ent Ed it or Ch rist oph er Clev eland Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Pr oject Edit or San Dee Phillips Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Cop y Edit or Kar en A. Gill Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Tech nical Ed it or( s) Gr eg D esBr isay , Jim Geier , Dr . H. Paul Shu ch , D.enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment andPh. ant Team Coor dinat or Tam m i Ross Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Book Designer Gina Rex rod e Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Cov er Desig ner Lou isa Adair En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Com posit or Mar k Shir ar Preract ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b yTim successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) I ndex Wr ight Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Corpor at e H e a dqua rt er s Licenser ee Cisco Syfst embs,r oadban I nc. d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost sp eedan" last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s 17 0 ,Whigh est -Tasm Dr ive t heseJose, benefit it h 4out San CAs9w 513 17requ 06 irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o USA deploy t h eircom own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings w w w .cisco. and ar w here Tel: 40eas 8 526400 t0rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib e. Deploy LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides 8 00it iv 553 - NETS ing ( 638 7) com plet eal-4w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Fax: 40 8e,5r26100 w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2.ope Eur 11a,an802 H ea .1 dq 1b,ua 802 rt e.1rs 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Am e ri ca s H e adq ua rt e rs De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. By 17Jack 0 WUnger est Tasm an Dr ive San Jose, CA 9 513 4- 17 06 USAPub lish er: Cisco Press www .cisco. Pub Dat e: com February 26, 200 3 Tel: 40I 8 526- 766 0 SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Fax: 40 8 5 27- 0 883

Ne tw or ks

Pages: 35 2

Asia Pa ci fi c H e adq ua rt e rs Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. Cap it al Tow er 16 8 Robinson Road Best # 22 - pr 01act t oices # 2 9f or 01plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Singap or e 068 912 w w w .cisco. com n in er 7t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Tel: +Lear 65 63 17sid777 Fax: + 65 63 17 779 9 Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Cisco Sy st em s h as m ore t han 200 of fices in t h e follow ing cou nt r ies and r eg ion s. Addr esses, n bers, how tan o pr e pr it abar leeand r eliable eless I nt er access ph oneLear nu m d ov f axidnu mof bers list ed on t h ew ir Cisco.com W net eb sit e at w w w .cisco. com / go/ of fices. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Ar gent ina • Au st r alia • Aust r ia • Belgiu m • Br azil • Bulgar ia • Canad a • Chile • China PRC • Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Colom bia • Cost a Rica • Cr oat ia • Czech Repu blic De nm ar k • D ubai, UAE • Finland • Fr ance • Ger man y • Greece • Hong Kon g SAR • Hu ngar y • I • I nd Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce onndia y our netonesia w ork • I r eland • I sr ael • I t aly Japan • Korea • Lu xem bou rg • Malaysia • Mex ico • eTh Net h er land s • New Zealand • Nor w ay • Peru •EnPhilippines • act Poland t ug al w Puer t o Rico Roman ia • tRussia Sau di joy t h e sat isf ion of• p Por rov iding ir eless I n•t ern et access o you r • comm unAr it yabia • Scot land • Sin gapor e • Slovak ia • Slovenia • Sout h Af ricaSpain • • Sw eden Sw it zer land • Taiw an • Thailand Tur Uk r aine • Un it ed Kingd • Unit ed ateless es • IVenezu • Viet nam • Pr act• ice t hkey e bu• siness pr inciples used b y om successf ul St wir SPs ( WIela SPs) Zim babw e Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Cop yror ighou t © 200env 3 Cisco t door ir onmSyensttems, I n c. All rig ht s r eser v ed . CCI P, CCSP, t h e Cisco Ar row logo, t h e Cisco Pow ered Net w or k m ar k, t he Cisco Sy st em s Ver ified log o, Cisco Un it y, Follow Me Brow sing , Form Sh Ch are, ooseiQ t he Net r ight Readiness net w or kScorecar ar ch it ectd,urNet e f or w or y our kingwAcadem ir eless net y, and w or kScr ipt Sh ar e are t r ademar k s of Cisco Sy st em s, I nc. ; Ch angin g t h e Way We W ork , Live, Play , and Lear n, Th e Fast est W ay t o Con duct sical e sur v ey s aniQuick d r ad ioeqyuency ( RF) eys I ncr ease Your phy I n t ern et sit Quot ient , and Stf rud ar e ser v icesit mearsur k s vof Cisco Sy st em s, I nc.; and Air onet , ASI ST, BPX, Cat aly st , CCDA, CCDP, CQE, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, t he Cisco Cer t ified Licensef r ork ee bEx r oadban d w irCisco eless Iw ide-t he area net wI OS ork slogo, ( WWCisco ANs) Pr press, ov id Cisco e fast Sy deploym of low I nt er net w pert logo, OS, Cisco st ems,ent Cisco cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Sy st em s Cap it al, t he Cisco Sy st ems log o, Em p ower ing t he I nt er net Generat ion , tEn hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone t er p rise/ Solv er , Et h er Ch annel, Et h er Sw it ch, Fast St ep, GigaSt ack , I nt er net Qu ot ien t , I OS,or cable panies. WWANs I nt erSt net ser, vice pr ov I SPs) corplog orat I T wmork anager s t o I P/ TV,com iQ Ex pert ise, t he iQ enable logo, Light ream MGX, MI ider CA, st h( e Net wand ork ers o, eNet deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings Regist r ar, Packet , PD C, Post - Rou t ing, Pre- Rou t ing, Rat eMUX, Regist r ar, Slid eCast , SMARTnet , and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost St r at a View Plus, St rat m , Sw it chPr obe, TeleRout er , Tr ansPat h, and VCO are regist ered pr ohib itark iv e.s Deploy ingSy Licenseee an Wird/eless Area Net w or s isand t hecer f ir tst t hat pr ov ides t r adem of Cisco st em s, Fr I nc. or it sWideaf filiat es in t he U.kS. ainbook ot her coun t ries. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w and ortganizat s deploy g tout including age of ive Allireless ot h er ItSPs rad em ar ot k sher m en ioned inion t his d ocuminen or door W eb wir sit eeless ar e WANst he p r opert y of t cov heirerrespect 80 11a, 802use .1 1b, 1g,d and pr opr iet ary otply ocola np et or k s. This v endor book cover s ow2. ner s. The of 802 t h e .1 w or p art ner does not- prim artwnership r elat ion sh -ipneut b etrwaleen Cisco

and any ot her comp any . ( 03 03R) Pr int ed in t h e USA

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Table of Content s

I d ed icat e t his book t o m y m ot her , Virg inia Blossom Kauf man - Un ger- London an d t o m y fat her, • I ndex Milt on Un ger. Thank you bot h f or lov in g m e u ncondit ion ally . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

About the Author Ja ck U nge r, t h e fou nder an d p resident of Wireless I nf oNet , I nc. , is a p ioneer in t h e br oadban d fix ed- w ir eless indust r y . Since f oundin g W ir eless I nf oNet in 199 3, h e has p er sonally desig ned and inst alled hu ndr edsofofContent licen se• Table s f ree ou t door b road band w ir eless net w or k sit es an d consult ed on count less ot her s. I n 1 995 , he d esign ed and d ep loy ed one of t he wor ld' s f ir st p ublic ou t door • I ndex w ireless I n t er n et access point - pr This w ir eless POP is st ill in serv ice t oday in Palo De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W si deof - Ar e aesence. Ne tw or ks Alt o, Calif orn ia. I n 2 001 , based on h is w ir eless I SP ex per iences, Jack cr eat ed t he w or ld's fir st By Jack Unger v en dor - neut r al w ir eless I SP t r aining semin ar. To dat e, in t h is sem inar , he h as per son ally t rain ed m or e t han 80 0 I SP personn el acr oss t h e Un it ed St at es. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pr ior f oun ding Wir Pubt oDat e: February 26,eless 200 3 I n foNet , Jack w or k ed for 14 y ear s in t he Silicon Valley t elecom m unicat ions ind I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ust r y for ROLM, I BM, Siemens, an d NEC. Pr ior t o t hat , Jack wor k ed f or 7 y ear s Pages: sellin g35w ir eless comm u nicat ion s equipm ent , in clu ding t elev ision and r adio st at ion 2 br oadcast equ ipm en t . He h as a t ot al of 45 y ear s of w ir eless ex per ien ce since h is " init iat ion" in t o t he wir eless w or ld as an am at eur rad io oper at or at t he ag e of 11. Jack has r eceiv ed A. A. , A. S., and B. A. degr ees and has com plet ed ex t ensiv e w or k in t he U. C. Ber keley Ex t en sion Telecom m unicat ions Engineerin g Pr ogr am . He h olds FCC Am at eu r Ex t r a an d Gen er al Rad iot elephon e licenses as w ell as an FAA Pr iv at e Pilot license. He also ser v ed as a v olu nt eer Best pr tact plansning and deploy m en of braoad band WWANs. fir efigh er ices for 1f or 1 year in t he m oun t ains of t Sant Cr uz Coun t y , Califor nia. Jack is an ex per ien ced t ech nical w r it er wh o h as w rit t en nu mer ous t elecom m un icat ions har dw ar e Lear n in er tals ips and f romclose an ex eless ind ustNot r y lead er t he Cisco 2 600 , 36 00, 381 0, and soft w ar e sid m anu t operienced 10 0 Ciscowir I OS Release es f or 40 00, and I AD 242 0 r out er pr oduct lin es. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s t he in dust r y 's f irst book w r it t en sp ecifically t o h elp w ireless I SPs an d cor por at e I T depar t m en t per son nelnsuccessfu door , licensef r ee, ir eless and br oad band w ireless Lear how t o prllyovdidepe loy pr ofout it ab le and r eliable w irweless I ntWANs er net access I nt er net access. Jack w elcom es y our com ment s, su ggest ions, corr ect ion s, and qu est ions v ia em ail. Select You are in vit ed teff o cont him ment at sugg estant ions@ask com t he m ost ect ivact e equip and enn a sy- w st i.em s f.or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

About the Technical Reviewers Ji m Gei er is t he f ound er an d pr incip al consult ant of Wir eless- Net s, Lt d. , a con su lt in g f ir m t hat assist s com panies w it h t he d ev elopm en t an d d ep loym ent of w ir eless LAN pr odu ct s and syst em s. His 20 y ear s Table of exof perience • Content sinclud es t he analy sis, d esign , soft w ar e dev elop ment , inst allat ion , and supp ort of nu mer ous clien t / ser v er and w ireless n et wor k - based sy st em s f or r et ail, man uf act u r in g, • I ndex w ar eh ousing, h ealt h car and air- line ust De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir ee, le ss W i de Ar e a ind Ne tw orries ks t h rou ghou t t h e w orld . Jim is t h e aut h or of sev er al book s: 80 2. 11 Un leashed , Wireless LANs, Wireless Net w or king Han dbook , an d Net w ork By Jack Unger Reengin eer in g , as w ell as n um erou s ar t icles. He is a v ot ing m emb er w it h in t he Wir eless Et h er net Com pat ib ilit y Alliance ( WECA) , r esp onsible for cer t ify ing int er operab ilit y of 8 02. 1 1 ( W i- Fi) Pub lish er: CiscoHe Press w ireless LANs. ser v ed as chair m an of t he I nst it ut e of Elect r ical and Elect r onic En gineer s ( I EEE) Pub Dat Comp e: February ut er Societ 26, 200y3, D ayt on Sect ion, and chair m an of t he I EEE I nt er nat ion al Conf erence on Wir eless LAN Im plem I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 en -2 t at ion. He has been an act iv e m em ber of t h e I EEE 80 2. 11 Wor k in g Gr oupPages: , r espon sib le for d ev eloping int er nat ional st an dar ds f or w ireless LANs. Jim' s edu cat ion 35 2 includes B. A. an d M.A. degr ees in elect r ical en gineer ing and an M. A. d eg ree in business adm inist r at ion. You can con t act Jim at jim geier@wir eless- net s.com or visit h is w eb sit e at w w w .w ir eless- net s. com . H . P au l Shuch, Ph .D . is t he aer osp ace eng ineer wh o is cr ed it ed w it h desig ning t he wor ld' s f ir st Best pr act ices f ore plan ning andreceiv deploy en t of br ser oadvband com mer cial hom sat ellit e TV er.mPaul h as ed as WWANs. ex ecu t iv e d ir ect or of t he gr assr oot s, non pr ofit SETI Leag ue, I nc. sin ce it s incep t ion eigh t y ears ago. Lear in sid er et ips f rom exlicat perienced wirl eless ust.Dr y. degr lead er The au t horn of m or t h an 3 00an pub ions, Pau hold sind a Ph ee in eng ineer ing f rom t he Univer sit y of Califor nia, Ber keley and has t aught on v arious cam p uses f or 30 y ears. His t eaching Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s and r esear ch h ave w on sev er al int er nat ional awar d s. Paul is a Fellow of t he Radio Club of Am er Lear ica an a Fellow ofidt e h eprBr I ntand erp rlanet ar ywSociet y ;I nt h eerhas ed on t h e boar ds of n dhow t o pr ov ofititish ab le eliable ir eless net serv access dir ect or s of sever al n onpr ofit or ganizat ions. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea A licensed com mer cial pilot an d in st r um ent fligh t inst r uct or , Pau l ser v es as an accident pr event selor t heencount FAA, aseraed m ilit y p rog aluat for t hateors Am er ican Council on Av ion oid coun com m on pfitorfalls b yarnew w ir ram elessev net w oror k oper Ed ucat ion, an d as a lect u rer f or t h e Air Safet y Found at ion. He is list ed in Who' s Wh o in Av iat ion and Aer osp ace, Whs oofinnoise Califor niaint , Who' Wh of Am er ican nv en t or s, Who' s Wh o in Minim ize t Who' he efsfect and er fers en ceo on y our net wIork Science and Engin eer in g , Am er ican Men and Wom en of Scien ce , Who' s Wh o in Am er ican Ed ucat Enion joy, an t h ed sat t heisf I nact t ern ionatof ionpalrov Dir iding ect orwyirof eless DistIingu n t ern ished et access Leadersh t o you ip . r comm un it y Paul liv Pr es acton ice at hr eadiobu siness qu iet hillt pr inciples op in cent used r alb Penn y successf sy lvan uliawir w it eless h hisI SPs biologist ( WI SPs) wif e, fiv e of t heir sev en recom binant DNA ex per im ent s, t hr ee m ot or cy cles, t w o r adio t elescop es, an d an an t ique UseHe 8 02. 2. 11on b, tand 02.at 11ht g t equ eni.com t m or. e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, MG- TD. can1 1a, be f80 ound he w8eb p: / /ipm dr set or ou t door env ir onm en t Jack Unger , t he aut hor of t his book , is Pau l' s f orm er st ud en t , for m er emp loyee, fellow r adio Ch oose r ight frnet w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k am at eur , andt he lifelong iend. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Acknowledgments Lit er ally t housand s of people h ave m ade in dir ect con t r ib ut ions t o t h is book . First , t hank s Table t o allofofContent m y pub lic school t eacher s ( f rom kin derg art en t hr ou gh college) w ho • s pat ient ly h elp ed m e, en cour aged m e, and t au ght m e how t o learn . Next , t han ks t o t he man y • I ndex m em b er s of t h e am at eu r r adio com m unit y w h o show ed me h ow t o act ually m ake w ir eless De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks equipm ent w or k. Fur t h er , I ex t end m y t han ks t o t h e m any m em b er s of t h e w ireless I SP By Jack Unger com mu nit y w ho sh ar ed t heir ex periences and t heir ideas w it h m e. Nex t , t h ank s t o m y colleagu es, J. V. Rudn ick , Bob Fike, an d Ph il Mar celis, w ho man y t im es show ed m e a b et t er w ay t o er Pub ect lishan er: Cisco ant enn Press a, r out e a cab le, or configu r e a w ir eless r out er. Last b ut cer t ainly not least , I ' d like Pub t o Dat t h ank m y Cisco Pr3ess edit or s, Michelle Gr andin and Ch rist oph er Cleveland, and m y e: February 26, 200 t echnical r ev1-iew er -0 s,69Dr I SBN: 58 705 -2. Pau l Shu ch , Jim Geier , and Gr eg DesBrisay , for gr aciou sly cont ribu t ing t heir ener gy , t heir exp er ience, and t heir k now led ge t o t his b ook. Pages: 35 2 Finally, allow me t o m ak e a g en t le requ est of you , t he reader . I f you f ind t his book help s y ou t o learn m or e about and t o ex per ien ce t he m agic of w ir eless, please f eel fr ee t o g en er ously pass y our n ew lear ning along t o ot her s w ho sh are y our int erest in w ir eless. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Sample of Physical Site Survey Data Form Su rv ey or N a m e •

P hone / E- M ai l

Table of Content s

• Si t e Add re ss I ndex

Si t e Ow ne r

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

P hone / E- M ai l

Si t e Ma na ge r

By Jack Unger

Facil it y Ma na ge r

P hone / E- M ai l

Press ExPub ist lish in ger:WCisco i re le ss Equi pm en t

Ex ist in g A nt e nna Loca t ion s

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

N e w Equ nt-0Locat I SBN:ipm 1- 58e 705 69 -2 i on Pages: 35 2

P ow e r Sour ce

Pat h Le ng t h

Fre sn el Zone Cl ea ra nce

Roof H e igh t

Roof Access Loca t ion

An t en na Loca t ion

An t en na H ei ght Ab ove Ground Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. An t en na Mou nt in g Ha rd w ar e An t en na H ea di ng/ Ti lt N e ed ed Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er N e ar by Ob st ruct ion s D ist a nt Obst ru ct i ons Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Cab le Ty pe a nd Le ngt h Cab le Ent r y P oint Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Cab le Rou t e Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Ground in g Loca t ion s ( Ma st a nd Ground W ir e Rout e ( Ma st a nd Bui ldi ng Ent r an ce ) ldi ng Ent ) Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y newBui w ir eless netrwan orce k oper at ors Li ght n ing P rot e ct ion D escri pt ion Li ght n ing P rot e ct ion Locat ion Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Si t e Ev al ua t ion Good Accep t ab le N ot En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un itAccep y t ab le e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) ComPr mact e ntice s at hnd Re com m e nda t ion s Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Foll ow - Up I ssuenv es ir onm en t or ou t door D ra w s At t a che Ching oose t he r ightd net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Introduction Than k you f or choosing t o r ead t his book . I wr ot e it for t he f ollow ing r eason s: • •

Table of Content s

Wir eless is bot h f un and sat isf yin g. I w an t t o shar e t hat fu n an d t hat sat isfact ion w it h you . I ndex

De pl oyWir ing eless Li cense - Fr ee Wyou ir e letss e aivNe or ks allows oW bei decr- Ar eat e.tw Using By Jack creat Ungeriv e

t h e t ech niques in t his b ook, you can be b ot h and successful w it h y our w ir eless w ide- ar ea net w or k.

Wir eless net w or ks sav e m oney . You can be a her o b y deliv er in g br oadban d b andw idt h at a low er cost t han t r adit ional wir ed bandw id t h. Th e m ore p eop le w ho sav e m oney, t he b et t er Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 it is f or ev er y one.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

IPages: w ant 35 ed2 t o fill t h e need f or a p ract ical, license- fr ee out d oor w ireless WAN book . Th e book needed t o be based on r eal- w or ld WAN deploy m en t s. The b ook also need ed t o be u nbiased and v en dor - independ en t —t hat is, t o b e fr ee of all m ar ket ing and sales m at er ial.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Who This Book Is For This b ook is for you , if you

•

Find youTable rselfofinContent t r ig ued s by t h e mag ic of w ireless

•

I ndex

t o adv lede ageNean De pl oyWant ing Li cense - France ee W iryeour le ss k Wnow i de - Ar tw d orw ksan t

t o lear n pr act ical w ir eless n et w or k ing sk ills

By Jack Unger

Want t o adv ance in y our car eer and in t he w ir eless field

PubAr lish e er: intCisco er estPress ed in

p rov iding br oad band w ireless ser vice t o ot her s in t heir com m un it y

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Want t o sav e m oney , hav e f un, and be cr eat iv e I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

How to Use This Book The ch apt ers in t h e book ar e ar r anged in a logical or der . I f you hav e n ev er been ex posed t o w ireless ( " ex posed t o w ir eless" … " r adio- act ive" ——y ou get it ?) , you can st art r ead in g at Ch apt er 1 an d read r ig ht t hr oug h t o Ch apt er 9. On t h e ot her h and, if y ou ju st w ant t o look u p on e •par t icular t opTable ic, u of seContent t he inds ex or t he t able of cont ent s, locat e t he t opic, and go dir ect ly t o t hat •pag e or chapt I ndex er . Her e ar e t he t op ics cov ered by each ch apt er: De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Ch apt er 1, " An I nt r odu ct ion t o Br oadband License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Ar ea Net w or k ing, " pr esent s basic br oadb and w ir eless t er m inology and h ist or y . I t ou t lin es t he ad van t ages and Pub lish er: Cisco Press t he ch alleng es of w or k ing w it h ou t door n et wor k s. Fin ally , it discu sses t he saf et y issues t h at Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 y ou n eed t o addr ess. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Ch apt er Pages: 35 22, " Und er st and in g W ir eless Fun dam en t als, " helps y ou und er st and w ireless fu ndam ent als. Even if y ou hav e nev er w ork ed wit h w ir eless befor e, y ou can be successf ul if y ou t ake t he t im e t o lear n t hese fun dam ent als. Ch apt er 3, " Choosing Your Net w or k Archit ect ur e, " describes t h e fou r basic w ir eless net w ork ar ch it ect u res, includin g t h e adv ant ag es and disadv ant ages of each ar chit ect ur e. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Ch apt er 4, " Per for m ing Sit e Sur v ey s," discusses p hy sical sit e sur v ey s and w ir eless sit e sur vey s. Sit e sur vey s ar e an imp ort ant st ep in b uilding a r eliable w ireless net w ork . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Ch apt er 5, " Select in g An t en na Sy st ems, " descr ibes how an t ennas w or k an d h ow t o use Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s t hem . Pr oper an t en na select ion and use is v it al t o su ccessf ul w ir eless WAN operat ion . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ch apt er 6, " Evalu at in g and Select ing Wireless Equip ment ," helps y ou t o u nder st and t he rSelect ange of ur eseffavailable in wment ir eless eq ant uipm ent Wh en sy ou er st t hefeat m ost ect iv e equip and enn a .sy st em f or und y our arand ea t h e feat ur es and how t hey det er mine you r net w or k capabilit ies, y ou can select t he best equ ipm en t f or y our net w orcom k. m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Av oid Ch apt er " I nst alling door Wirint eless exp lain s ork t he t echn iques t o saf ely in st all, Minim ize7,t he ef fect s ofOut noise and er ferSy enstceem ons,"y our net w gr oun d, an d t est you r out d oor w ireless sy st em s. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Ch apt er 8, " Solv ing Noise an d I n t er f er ence Pr oblems, " d iscusses t he causes of noise and intact er fer and ex plains t he t echniqu t hat youulcan use t oI SPs m inim noise and Pr iceen t hce e bu siness pr inciples used b es y successf wir eless ( WIize SPs) int er fer en ce pr oblem s. Th is ch apt er also pr ov ides some su ggest ions abou t h ow y ou can Use cooperat 8 02. e 1 1a, and80 coord 2. 11inat b, and e w it 8 h02. ot11 her g equ w ir eless ipm ennet t mwor ork e successfully operat ors t oinr educe y our ow intnerhom fer ene,ceoff ice, or betou w een t door y our envniretonm woren k s.t Ch oose apt er t 9, he "rPr ight ov iding net w or Brkoadban ar ch it ect d Wurireeless f or yIour nt erwnet ir eless Access, net"wporrov k ides ex t ra t ips an d t echniqu es for t h ose of you w ho w ant t o be wir eless I nt er net Ser vice Pr ov id er s ( WI SPs) and Con sical I sit e sur ey s an dser r ad io- ft roeq uency ( RF) sities. e sur v eys pr ovduct ide wphy ir eless n t ern et vaccess v ice y our com m unit Licenseeedix b r oadban w ir eless w idenet s ov ( WW ANs) pr ov id ey fast ent .1of1 low Appf ren A, " Wir d eless St an dar ds area Sum m arwy ork ," pr id es a sum m ar t abledeploym of t h e 802 cost , st high - sp deed ile" w ir eless I nt er net ard access. Licensefr ee ir eless y deliv er s andar s. I"t last also- mincludes r elat ed st and s, su ch as 8 02. 1x wand 802 t. echnolog 16. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable App comen panies. dix B, WWANs " Wir elessenable Har dwI ar nt e, er net Softser w arvice e, and pr ovServ iderice s ( I Pr SPs) ovider andOrg corp anizat orat eions, I T m" anager cont ainsst a o deploy listt hineir g of own or gcost anizat - efficient ions t h at b r oadban p rov idedwnireteless w or k har s t hat dw ar deliver e, softhwigarh-e,speed per ipaccess her als, fan or dbuser ildvices. ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost dix C, "ing An sw er s t o Fr Chapt er eless Rev iew Qu est ions, rov t o t htehat r evpr iew pr ohibApp it iven e. Deploy Licenseee Wir WideArea Net" wpor k sides is t answ he f ir ers st book ov ides qu est t hat end Ch apt ersallat 1 t hr 9.at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com plet e, rions eal- w orldappear " st ar t - at t o-tfhe in ish " dof esign, inst ionough , oper w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Broadband License-Free Wireless Wide-Area Networking •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

This chap t er int r oduces br oadb and w ireless n et wor k ing t erm s, sum m ar iz es licen se- f r ee w ir eless By Jack Unger hist or y, and descr ibes bot h t h e adv ant ag es and t he challenges of deploy ing license- fr ee w ireless w ide- ar ea net w ork s ( W ANs) . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Differences Between Wired Networks and Wireless Networks Most of t he t im e, users of a br oadb and w ir eless n et w or k d o not exp er ience a d if fer ence bet w een •using a w ir eless Tablenet of w Content s or k and using a wir ed net w ork . You r exp er ien ces as you design and bu ild a •w ireless net wI ndex ork , h ow ev er, will b e qu it e diff erent comp ared t o you r ex per ien ces w h en y ou De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee Wir ir ed e le ss W wor i de - Ar a Ne tw 1 or-ks design and inst all aw n et k .eTable 1 su mm ar izes t he d if fer en ces t hat y ou need t o be aw ar e of. By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Tab le 1 -1 . Di f fe r en ce s Be t w ee n W ir e d a nd W ir e le ss Ne t w or k s

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

N e t w ork Cha ra ct e ri st ic

W ir ed N e t w ork

W ir el ess N e t w ork

Visual I f you can see t h e net w or k cable Wir eless net w or ks som et imes det erprmin ionf or of plan ning goingand t o adeploy locat ion, locat connect locat ions t hat y ou cannot Best actat ices m entthat of br oadion band WWANs. net w or k can be connect ed t o t he net w ork . v isibly see. Addit ionally , w ir eless connect ivit y net w or ks m igh t n ot con nect Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust rlocat y lead er t hat y ou can see v isibly . ions VisibUnder ilit y n odeof t h e t nodes Man nodes ir eless net w or k st andt o-t he p All rinciples h at un on deraliewtirhed e oper at ion of ally wir elessonsyastwem s nod e on t he sam e net w or k can h ear all ot her n odes. cannot hear all of t h e ot her w ir eless net wLear or k n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nod nt eres netonaccess t h e same net w ork . VisibSelect ilit y n et wormkost - eff Wir w or kment s ar eand inv isible t oa sy st em Wirseless ks ar e of t en v isible t he ected iv en et equip ant enn f or y net our warorea t o- n et w or k ot her w ir ed n et w or k s. The t o ot her w ireless net w ork s. On e esence of onereed w ired net wwor k has net ww ireless netat w ors ork can affect t he Av oid com m on p itprfalls encount b y new ir eless or k oper no ef fect on t h e per for m ance of per for m ance of ot her w ir eless Minim ize t he ef fect anot s ofh er noise w ir ed andnet intwer ork fer. en ce on y our net netw wor ork ks. At m ospher w or k perwfor m ance not Wir eless netrwcomm or k per En joy tic h e sat isf actWir ionedofnpetrov iding ir eless I n tis ern et access t o you unfor it ym ance can pr oper t ies aff ect ed by t he pr oper t ies of t he be af fect ed b y t he pr opert ies of t h e at m ospher e. used b y successf ul wir eless at m ospher Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples I SPs (e.WI SPs) Terr ain ies 80 2. Wir n et w8or k per m ance Usepr 8 oper 02. 1 t1a, 11ed b, and 02. 11 gfor equ ipm enist not m or e aff ect ed by t he pr oper t ies of t he or ou t door env ir onm en t eart h's t er r ain.

Wir eless net w perow fornmhom ance successfully inory kour e,isoff ice, st r ongly aff ect ed b y t he pr opert ies of t he ear t h' s t er r ain .

oose heit yr ight net or k ivaritch it ect ur e f or only y ourt ow or ir eless netnect w orivk it y is possible bey ond t he User Ch conn ectt iv Conwnect y is possible Con and m obilit y fr om t hose phy sical locat ion s bou nds of p hy sical n et w or k cabling . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys w her e t he n et wor k cabling s. w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low License- f r ee b r oadban dext wend ir eless cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Terminology and Evolution Today , y ou can d esign and bu ild w ir eless net w or ks t hat p ossess t hr ee char act er ist ics t hat w er e not av ailab le in t h e past . Th ese char act er ist ics are br oadban d capab ilit y , w ide- ar ea cov er age, and licen se- fr ee oper at ion. Th e defin it ion of t h ese t er ms is som ew hat vag ue; t h er efor e, it is •im por t ant t o Table of Content s s clearly . The follow in g sect ions p rov ide t h ese d ef init ions as w ell as d ef ine t h e t erm •som e w ir eless I ndex h ist or y . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Broadband Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: Br oadban d February is a subj26, ect200 iv 3e t er m t hat has b een used in v ar iou s w ays t hr ough out t he I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 com mu nicat ion s indu st ry . Br oadb and is used w h en new com m unicat ions t echn olog ies ar e dev elop ed t 35 hat Pages: 2 pr ov ide enoug h addit ional band wid t h for t h e user exp er ien ce t o f eel sub st ant ially fast er t h an it felt befor e.

Most I n t er net user s t oday hav e ex perienced d ialin g int o t h e I n t ern et at bandw id t hs r ang in g fr om 28 ,8 00 bit s p er second ( 28 .8 k bps) up t o 5 6, 00 0 b it s per secon d ( 5 6 kb ps) . They per ceiv e a fast er I nt er net con nect ion , such as a 1. 5 m illion bit per second ( 1 .5 Mb ps) conn ect ion, as a Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. br oadb and connect ion. Som e users hav e access t o t he I nt er net u sing a w eb br ow ser on a cell phone. Th eir con nect ion Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er ban dw idt h r anges f rom 9. 6 kb ps t o 14. 4 k bps. Comp arin g t he cell phon e con nect ion speed t o a dialupUnder 28 . 8-stkand bps con ion , t he one ion feels . I eless t cer t ainly doesn' t f eel lik e t he nect p rinciples t h cell at unph der lie connect t h e oper at ion of slow all wir sy st em s br oadb and; in fact , it feels lik e " nar r ow band . " Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access For t he rem ainder of t h is book , any w ir eless connect ion t hat has a bandw id t h of 1 28, 00 0 bit s per second ( 1 28t he kb ps) w ill e defined asment br oadb Given t he I n tserf or nety our ex per Select m ost effbect iv e equip andand. ant enn a sy st em arien ea ces of u ser s w ho hav e eit her br ow sed t h e I nt ern et using a cell ph one or d ialed int o t he I nt er net , a 128 - k bps connect perceived as brencount oadb and. Av ion oid is com m on p it falls er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Wide-Area En joy t h e Network sat isf act ion

of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Ther ePrisact noice absolut t h e bue siness line b et prween inciples t heused def inbityion successf of a localul wir areless ea n et I SPs w or (kWI ( LAN) SPs) and t h e definit ion of a w ide- ar ea net w or k ( WAN) . Bot h t er m s hav e been used som ew h at loosely . Her e' s how t his 8 02.t hem 1 1a,: 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, book Use d ef ines or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose LA N — At he netrw ight or k net t hat w or connect k ar ch it s ect st at urions e f orcont y our ainwed ir eless w it hinnet a wsing or kle building W AN Con duct — Aphy netsical w or ksitt hat e sur connect v ey s an s dstrat adions io- f rlocat eq uency ed in ( dRF) if fersit enet sur b uildings v eys or in diff er ent par t s of a cit y License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy NO t hTE eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Som s use h e t erm FrMAN t o eless ind icat ea m et r op olit ea t net or, int hat ot h pr er ov ides pr ohib it iv ee.book Deploy ing tLicenseee Wir WideArea Net wan or k- ar s is he fwirork st book w ore, ds, a cit w ide" st net refer s tallat o a cit e net w oran k as a WAN. com plet r ealwyorld ar w t - or t o-k.f inThis ish " book d esign, inst iony,wid oper at ion, d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

History of License-Free Wireless Networking The p ur pose of t his book is t o help y ou deploy br oadb and w ireless WANs w it hout need ing t o app ly t o t h e Fed er al Comm un icat ion s Com m ission ( FCC) for a license. The f ollow ing sect ion s pr ov ide a hist orical ov erv iew of some of t he event s t hat led t o t he p resen t p riv ileg e of using som e br oadban d wir eless equip ment w it hout needing t o obt ain a licen se. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li - Fr ee W irLicensing e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks History ofcense Wireless By Jack Unger

Wir eless t ech nology h as passed t h rou gh sev er al regu lat ory phases dur ing it s h ist or y . I n t he lat e 18 00s aner: d ear lyPress 19 00s, t h er e w er e m any w ir eless scient ist s, ex per im en t er s, and h obby ist s. I n Pub lish Cisco t hese early d ays, t ran sm it t ing d ist an ces w ere lim it ed and popu lat ion d en sit y w as low ; it w as Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 un necessar y t o r eq uir e a licen se for t r an sm it t ing . As m or e w ir eless st at ions cam e on t h e air, I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 int er fer en ce bet w een st at ion s becam e a serious pr oblem. I n 1 921 , t he Unit ed St at es gov ern ment 35 2 beganPages: r equir ing licenses for all t r ansmit t er s, including com m er cial br oadcast t r ansm it t er s, exp er im en t al t r ansm it t ers, an d amat eur rad io t r ansm it t ers. Rad io syst em usage con t inued t o g row r apidly du rin g t he r em aind er of t he 2 0t h cent ur y. The U.S. gov er nm ent cont inued t o regu lat e rad io t r ansm issions an d t o licen se r ad io t r ansm it t er s. These r egplan ulatning ions and p layed a usefu olebrbecau se t hey allow ed m any d if fer ent r ad io Best prlicensing act ices f or deploy m enlt rof oad band WWANs. syst em s t o sh are t he av ailab le r adio f requ en cies w it hou t int er fer ing w it h each ot her . The dLear ow nside n in sid t o ergov t ips er nm f rom entan al regu ex perienced lat ion w as wirt eless hat it ind t ook ustbot r y hlead t imere an d m on ey t o obt ain a license t o t r ansm it on a specific f requ en cy . Th is lim it ed t he u se of b road band w ir eless equipm ent Under st and t heorp rinciples t h at lie aff t h eoroper at cost ion ofofall em slicense an d t o t hose comp anies ind iv idu als whun o der could d t he obtwir aineless in g t sy hestFCC pu rchasing t h e rat her exp en siv e w ireless eq uipm en t . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access I n 198 5, t h e U. S. Federal Com m unicat ions Comm ission ( FCC) issu ed r egulat ions t hat , f or t h e t he ed m ost ectof iv ebrequip ant tenn syitstt ing em sequip f or yment our arwea fir st t Select im e, allow t h eeff use oadbment and wand ir eless r anasm it hout t h e need t o app ly for , pay for , and w ait for a license. To op er at e licen se fr ee, t he w ir eless eq uipm ent had t o oid comg:m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors do t heAvf ollowin Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Op er at e at low pow er levels En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Use sp read sp ect r um mod ulat ion Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Tr ansm it w it hin t hr ee specif ied fr equ en cy b ands Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or oudt door envf riree onm t Br oadban licensew iren eless equip ment began t o be m anu fact ur ed an d sold at a m uch low er cost t han t h e licensed b r oadban d w ir eless equipm ent . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Table 1 - 2 p r ovides an out lin e of t he w ir eless event s t hat led fu ll- cir cle f r om t he day s w hen Con duct phy rsical ey sd an r ad io-licen f r eq uency RF) sit e ed, sur vt o eys licensing w as not equirsit ede, sur t o vt he aysd w h en sing w (as r equir t oday , w hen br oadb and w ireless eq uipm ent can be d ep loyed license f ree. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Tab le 1 -2 . Br i ef H ist or y of W ir e le ss De ve lopm e nt and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Y ea r Ev en t 16 00 Dr . William Gilber t d et ect s elect r om agnet ic act iv it y in t h e hu man b ody and describes it as " elect r icit y. " 18 37 Sam uel F. B. Mor se in vent s t he Morse t elegr aph and sen ds m essages ov er w ires b y using Mor se code. t ist s, ofinv ent or ss, and hob by ist s begin perf or min g ex per im ent s w it h w ir eless. • 18 65 Scien Table Content •

I ndex

18 67 Scot t ish m at h em at ician an d p hy sicist Jam es Cler k Max well d ev elop s t he t heory t hat pr edict s t he ex ist en ce of elect r o- m agn et ic wav es.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

18 86 Ger man p hy sicist Hein r ich Hert z is t he fir st per son t o dem onst r at e t he ex ist ence of elect r om agnet ic w av es as pr ed ict ed by James Cler k Max w ell. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

18 Pub 96 Dat I t alian e: February Guglielm 26, 200 o 3Mar con i dem onst r at es elect r ic- w av e t eleg rap hy . I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

19 01 Mar coni t r an sm it s t h e let t er " s" in Morse code acr oss t he At lan t ic Ocean f r om En gland t o Pages: 35 2 Can ada. 19 06 Pr ofessor Reginald Fessend en b road cast s v oice and m usic in Massachuset t s. 19 10 The U. S. gov er nm en t r equir es all ships t o be equ ipped w it h a w ireless t elegr aph . 19 12pr act Theices " unsink able" Tit and anic deploy ocean m linen ert sink af t er st rik ing an iceber g in t h e Nort h At lan t ic. Best f or plan ning of brsoad band WWANs. The w ir eless t eleg rap h is used t o su m mon h elp fr om ot h er sh ips in t he ar ea. 19 12Lear The r egu lat ion r adio in g is ar t edind byust t hrey U. S. er D ep art ment of Com m er ce, n in sid er t ipsof f rom anbr exoadcast perienced wirsteless lead Bur eau of Nav igat ion . Tr ansmit t in g st at ion s sim ply h ad t o sup ply t he g over nm ent wit h a descr iont he of pt hrinciples eir t r ansm it t ing equip . at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Under stipt and t h at un der lie tment h e oper 19 12Lear Rad st at KQW equent br oadcast fr omI nt San Jose, Califor n ia. n io how t oion pr ov id e m prak ofes it abfrle and r eliable w ir seless er net access 19 20 Rad io st at ion KD KA begin s r eg ular comm er cial br oadcast in g fr om Pit t sbur g h, Select t helvan m ost Pennsy ia. eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea oid com on er p itnm falls er ed new w iring eless w or oper atf or orsa br oadcast in g 19 21AvThe U. S.mgov en tencount r equir es all bbryoadcast st atnet ions t ok apply license. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 19 27 The r esponsibilit y for regu lat ing rad io t r ansm ission is t r ansfer red t o t he Fed er al Radio EnCom joy tm h eission. sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 19 34Pr act Theice Com ions of 1 934 es t he FCC. TheI SPs r esp(onsib ilit y for r egulat ing t h emu bunicat siness pr Act inciples usedest b yablish successf ul wir eless WI SPs) r adio t ran sm ission is t r ansfer r ed t o t he FCC. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, 19 85 The FCC au t hor izes license- f r ee spr ead sp ect r um t r ansmission in t hr ee indu st rial, or ou t door env ir onm en t scient if ic, and medical ( I SM) ban ds at 900 m egaher t z ( MHz) , 2. 4 gigah er t z ( GHz) , an d 8 GHz. umw legal r ansmit er is 1net ww ator t (k1W) . Ch5. oose t he Maxim r ight net or k art ch it ect urt er e f ou or typut our pow w ir eless 19 94 The FCC b eg in s using spect r u m auct ions. Cor por at ion s bid hun dr ed s of t hou san ds t o Con sit et osur v eyt he s anrig d ht r adt oio-use f r eqspecific uency (wRF) sit e fr sur v eys ban ds. m duct illionsphy of sical dollars b uy ir eless equency Licensef r eeFCC b r oadban w ir eless w idew ork s in ( WW ent of low 19 97 The au t hordizes licensef r eearea t ran net sm ission t hr ANs) ee 5. 1prtov o 5id.8e fast GHz deploym Un licensedcost , high eed I n " last -m ir eless ntuer ee imu w ir eless echnolog Nat- sp ional for m atile" ion wI nf r ast ruI ct r enet ( U-access. NI I ) su Licensebband s. frMax m legt al t r ansmyit tdeliv er er s t hese benefit w it h er outr anges requ irin g t h50 e use of pr orW) serv out p uts pow f rom m illiw at od t s (uct 5 0s m t o ices 1 W.p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it ivof History e. Deploy Spread ingSpectrum License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs otocess her orof ganizat ioninf s deploy in g or outint door wir eless including Mod ulat ion is and t he pr ad ding orm at ion elligence t o WANsa w ireless sign al.cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE I n t he w ir eless w orld , t he t er m int elligence som et imes h as no discer nable r elat ionship t o t he p rocess of usin g one's b rain t o mak e a w ise d ecision . •

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Am De pl oy oding ulat Lied cense w ir- Fr eless ee W ir sig e lenal ss W car i der -ies Ar e in a Ne t elligence tw or ks t o t he r eceiv er wh er e t h e int ellig en ce is rem ov ed and used. Th e int ellig en ce mig ht b e v oice, m usic, dat a, or vid eo. For ex am ple, t he p rocess of By Jack Unger am plit u de m odu lat ion ad ds v oice and m usic t o AM br oadcast st at ion signals. The pr ocess of fr equ en cy m od ulat ion ad ds v oice and m usic t o FM br oadcast st at ion sig nals. The p rocess of Pub lish er: Cisco Press spr ead spect r um m odu lat ion ad ds d at a t o br oadb and license- fr ee w ir eless signals. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ead sp ect r um mod ulat ion began dur ing Wor ld War I I . Hed y Lam ar ( t h e The d ev elopm en t of spr act r ess) is cr Pages: 35ed 2 it ed f or inv en t ing spr ead spect ru m m odu lat ion . The st or y goes t h at she was opp osed t o t he act ions of t h e Germ an m ilit ary d ur ing t he w ar and decid ed t o find a way t o t r ansm it and r eceiv e m essages t hat w ould r em ain und et ect ed b y t he Ger m an m ilit ar y . She dev ised t he spr ead- spect r um pr inciple of f requ en cy hopp in g. Fr eq uency hop ping chang es t he t r ansm it t er fr equency r apidly t o pr event t he t r ansmit t ed m essages f rom bein g det ect ed by any one ex cep t t h e per son int end ed t o receiv e t h e m essages. The spr ead sp ect r um r eceiv er Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. k now s t h e pr oper seq uence of fr equency chan ges and follow s t h em t o d ecode ( demod ulat e) t h e t r ansm it t ed m essag e. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Tw o d iffer ent t yp es of sp read sp ect r um mod ulat ion are in g en er al u se t oday , bot h of w hich spr ead t h e st sigand nal tou er a b road and Under het pov rinciples t h atbun derofliefr tequencies: h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Fre que ncy hopp in g spr ea d sp ect ru m ( FH SS) — Chan ges fr equency f rom 8 t o 32 t im es each secon d ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select t he m D ectcom se qu ence spr ea d sp ect SSSw)ir—eless St ays onkeoper cen tat erors fr equency bu t spr eads Aviroid m on p it falls encount er ru edmb y( D new neton w or out t he sign al at low pow er ov er a w ide f requ en cy band Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The r esult ing t r ansm it t ed signal sim ply look s like weak n oise. On ly a r eceiv er t hat kn ows how t o desprEn ead nal dem e it and r ecov Ier he et or iginal ce. joyt hteh esigsat isfcan act ion ofodulat p rov iding w ir eless n t tern accessint t oellig youen r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Development of License-Free Spread Spectrum

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Pr ior t o 1 985 , t he FCC p er m it t ed low pow er, sh ort - ran ge dev ices such as bab y m onit or s and gar age s t onet operat fr ee. These edk ind oors or w it h sh ort - ran ge Chdoor oose opener t he r ight w or k earlicense ch it ect ur e f or y our devices w ir elessoper net at w or t r ansm it t er s an d did not cause in t er f er ence pr oblem s w it h ot her w ireless sy st em s. I n 198 5, t h e FCC con er ed t he f ollow and t h en t o (allow operat Consid duct phy sical sit eing surpoin v ey st san d r ad io- fdecided r eq uency RF) sitt he e sur v eysion of license- fr ee spr ead spect r um sy st em s: License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ead sspwect um requ sign als sptread t heir w ir g y ices overptrov h e ided fr equency spect r um r at her t heseSpr benefit it hrout irin g h e use of pr odeless uct s en or er serv by local t elep hone or han panies. concentWWANs r at ing it enable all on on fr net equency . Byprspr eading out t he gyorat , t hee Isig nals ar e sless cable tcom I nte er ser vice ov ider s ( I SPs) andener corp Tm anager to liktely cau se int- efficient er fer enceb rtoadban o ot h er dspr ead r umdeliver and nonspspeed read sp ect r umf orsybu st ems. deploy h eirt oown cost n et w orsp k sect t hat h ig haccess ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost sp ect ing r umLicensesign als Fr are suscep t ib le Area t o bein pr ohibSpr it ivead e. Deploy ee less Wir eless WideNetgwint orer k sfered is t hew fitirhstt han booknont hatspr pread ov ides spect ru m sig nals. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Low pow er spr ead spect ru m t r ansm it t ers op er at in g in t he I SM ban ds w ill be lim it ed t o line80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

of- sigh t op er at ion. The sign als w ill n ot car ry ver y far ; t heref ore, m any sp read spect r u m syst em s can op er at e in t h e sam e g en er al ar ea w it h out cau sing signif ican t int er fer ence t o each ot h er . Man y sp read spect ru m syst em s w ill be used indoor s. The b uilding w alls w ill absor b m u ch of t he wir eless en er gy b ef or e it can go ver y far and cau se int erf erence p rob lem s. The f ir st license- fr ee spr ead spect ru m w ir eless sy st ems wer e shor t - r ange, in door LANs. Th ese • of Content s syst em s w er eTable u sed for applicat ions such as r et ail pr ice m ar k ing and inv en t ory man agem en t . •Next , w ir eless I ndex equ ip m en t m anu fact ur ers began t o of fer spr ead sp ect r um equ ipm en t w it h De ing Liant cense - FraeesyWstirem e le ss i de could - Ar e a Ne ks for lon ger- d ist an ce out door point - t o- point lin ks impl proy oved enn s tW hat betwuorsed bet By Jack w een Unger bu ild ings. Th ese out door link s of fered a low - cost alt er nat iv e t o t h e exp en siv e leasedline conn ect ions of fer ed b y t he local t elephon e com p anies. Soon , cit ies, school d ist r ict s, and corpPub orlish at ions began er: Cisco Presst o use t his ou t door equ ipm en t in point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k con figu r at ion s. By 19 95, t he f irst few I nt er net ser vice pr ov iders ( I SPs) began t o u se t he t echnology t o p rov ide Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 license- fr ee br oadb and w ireless I nt er net access t o t h e pu blic. The era of t he license- f r ee I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 br oadb and w ireless W AN had begu n. Pages: 35 2

NO TE Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Alt hou gh sp read spect ru m syst em s ar e unlicen sed, it d oes n ot m ean t hat t hey ar e un regu lat ed . The FCC specif ies t he r ules and r egulat ions t hat gov er n t he m an ufact u re of Lear sprnead in sid spect er t ips r umf rom sy st an em ex s. perienced Eq uipm en twir m eless an ufact ind urust er sr yarlead e r espon er sible f or m anuf act ur ing eq uipm ent t hat com p lies w it h t he FCC r egulat ions. Equipm ent inst aller s Under st and p rinciples t h at dereless lie t hequip e oper at ionprofoper all ly wirso eless em s not violat e ar e r espon sibt he le for inst alling t heunwir ment t h atsyit stdoes FCC regu lat ions. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

License-Free Wireless Frequencies Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim t heau eftfect of noise andofint er fer enfrce our spect net w ork I n 198 5, t h ize e FCC hor sized t h e use licenseee on spryead r um w ir eless equipm ent in t h e follow ing t hr ee I SM b ands in t h e Un it ed St at es: En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act bu siness inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 90 0 t ice o 92t h8eMHz ( 9 00 pr MHz r ang e) Use 1 1a,GHz 80 2.(11 and r8an 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, 2. 4 t8o02. 2. 483 2. 4b,GHz ge) or ou t door env ir onm en t 5. 72 5 t o 5. 8 50 GHz ( 5 GHz r ange) Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Fur t her , in 199 7, t h e FCC au t hor ized t h e use of license- fr ee low - pow er non - sp r ead - sp ect r um Coneq duct phy sical sur v ey s an r adU-iouency ( RF) sit e sur v eys w ireless uipm ent in tsit h ee follow ing t hrdee NIf rI eq b ands: License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , 5. high 15 -tsp o eed 5. 25" last GHz- m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable 5. com 25 panies. t o 5. 35 WWANs GHz enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings 72 5wthere o 5. 8t25 and ar5.eas radGHz it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Advantages of License-Free Wireless Networks Follow ing ar e t h e adv ant ages of d ep loy ing a license- f r ee br oadban d w ir eless WAN:

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Cost savTable ingsof Content s

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meeenWt irspeed De pl oyFast ing Lideploy cense - Fr e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Net w ork archit ect ur e f lex ibilit y

PubNet lish er: w ork Cisco in Press dependence Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 35 2 CostPages: Savings

Sav in g mon ey is perh aps t h e larg est benefit of deployin g a license- fr ee w ireless W AN. Aft er t h e cost s t o d esign and inst all a w ireless W AN ar e paid, t here are no on going m ont hly r ent al, leasing , or serv ice char ges. Cont r ast t his w it h t he char ges t o lease a br oadban d line fr om t h e tBest elep hone com fpan y, wh ich and can ran ge fm rom 0 oad t o $1 000 WWANs. or m or e each m ont h. Wir eless WANs pr act ices or plan ning deploy en t $25 of br band also hav e n o r ight - of - w ay cost s. This is t he mon t hly cost t o place cable or f ib er on t elephon e poles. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Com par ed t o t h e cost of leased lin es, t h e m ont hly cost s f or br oadb and digit al su bscr iber line and band t he pcable rinciples t hnet at un der lieser t h evice oper syese st em s s r ange fr om ( DSL)Under an d bstroad I nt er access arat e ion m orof e all modwir er eless at e. Th cost $3 9 t o $3 00 per m ont h , depend in g on b andw idt h . I n man y ar eas, h owev er, neit her DSL nor howaccess t o pr ov pr of it abIle eless cable Lear I nt ern net is id aveailable. n aand fewr eliable ar eas, w t wirow ay I Int nter ernet netaccess access serv ice is st art in g t o be av ailable v ia sat ellit e. Cost s for t h is ser v ice r ang e up war d fr om $80 per m ont h . Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea I n areas w her e DSL, cable, or sat ellit e I nt er net access is available, t her e is f requ en t ly only one Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors pr ov ider; m any t im es it 's t he t elep hone com pan y off ering DSL serv ice. Because of t h is lack of com pet it ion , t he t eleph one com panies ar e now raising t heir DSL pr ices. Th is t r en d is lik ely t o Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork cont inu e indefin it ely int o t he fut ur e. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul FastPrDeployment Speed

wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Aft er or a br and wirireless ouoadb t door env onm enntet wor k h as been d esign ed and t h e access point s deployed, t he inst allat ion of n ew w ir eless end user s can t ak e p lace q uickly . Ty pically , t h e t im e need ed t o inst all a n ewCh end user a f ewnet day s.kCont his t he w t yirpical oose t heisr ight w or ar chr itast ecttur e fworit hy our elessinst netallm w oren k t t im e f or a n ew DSL or leased- line end u ser . The in st allat ion t im e is oft en w eek s or m ont hs. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Network Architecture Flexibility cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or The chit ect ur al fWWANs lex ibilit yenable of a w irI nt eless netser w or k isprunm at ched by an y otcorp her orat b road m edium cablearcom panies. er net vice ov ider s ( I SPs) and e Iband T m anager s t o. As long as a lin eofsight w ireless pat h ex ist s t o one or m or e new locat ions, a w ir eless link can deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings be loyed or r ed ep loyed t le asect one Red loymplet entely conunav sist sailable of r emor oving t h eandd ep ar eas w here t rad it ionalinw as ir edlitconn iv it dy ay. is eit h erepcom is cost ant enn a sy st em an d wir eless equip ment f rom t he old locat ion and r einst allin g it in t he pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat prnew ov ides locat ion.e,Afr tealer ant enna g fis e, t he linallat k shion ould be rat eady o use. com plet w orld " staimin ar t - t oin com ish " plet d esign, inst , oper ion, tan d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Network Independence A w ir eless WAN is t he only n et wor k t hat can be b uilt w it h out r elyin g on inf r ast r uct u re t hat anot h er car r ier ow ns. Tr adit ional b road band leased- lin e cir cuit s r ely on u sin g a local loop ( copper w ir e) circuit ow ned by t he local t elephon e comp any ; t h e same is t r ue f or DSL ser v ice. Pr ovid in g I n t er n et access ov er cable r equ ir es obt ain in g appr ov al t o access cab le lin es t hat t he cable com pany ow n s. Cable com panies r out inely deny t his access t o com p et ing I SPs. •

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•I n all of t hese I ndex cases, pr ov id ing br oadban d ser vice depend s on using infr ast r uct ur e t h at anot her De pl oy ing Liow cense ee eless W ir e leWANs ss W i dedo - Arn e aotNe tw oron ks obt aining per m ission fr om ( and m ak ing pay m en t com pany n s.- Fr Wir r ely tBy o)Jack any ot h er com pan y or car rier . The choice t o use a w ir eless WAN is a choice t o b uild, ow n, Unger and oper at e y our ow n br oadb and net w or k. Pub lish er: Cisco Press I SPs t hat w ant t o of fer b road band I nt er net access w h ile m aint ain in g con t r ol of t heir cost Pubur Dat 26, e 200 3 st r uct e e: m February ight decid t hat deploy ing a licen se- f ree b road band w ir eless WAN is t h e only w ay t o I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 pr oceed pr of it ab ly. Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Challenges of License-Free Wireless Networks To ob t ain t he m ost b en ef it f rom w ir eless WANs, y ou need t o un derst and t h e challen ges t o t h eir successful deploy ment . These ch alleng es are as follow s: • •

Table of Content s

Under stIanding w ir eless fu ndam ent als ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ov ercom ing r eal- w or ld ob st acles

By Jack Unger

Max im izin g av ailable ban dw idt h Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Wor g saf ely Pub Dat k e:inFebruary 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Challenge of Understanding Wireless Fundamentals Wir eless sig nals ar e inv isib le t o t h e hum an eye. Making t h is in visible p henom en on b ecom e v isible r equir es some lear ning an d p ract ice. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

NO TE Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s What does it mean t o say y ou can m ak e inv isib le w ir eless signals v isible? I t m eans t h at n how t o pr id e prsignals of it ab le eliable w irrollable, eless I nt and er netu sab access yLear ou can m ake w ov ir eless p rand ed ictr ab le, cont le. You can becom e so f amiliar w it h t heir behav ior t h at it is almost as if you could phy sically see t hem . Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Successfu l w ireless deploym ent r eq uires an un der st an ding of w ireless pr in cip les. Th ese pr inciples Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork det er min e t he b eh avior of w ir eless sig nals, such as how t hey do t he f ollow ing : En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Spr ead out an d get w eaker as t hey leav e an ant enn a an d t r av el fr om p oint t o poin t Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Lose st r engt h w hen t hey hit a t r ee, hill, or ot h er obst ru ct ion Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env onm en t t he gr ou nd, an d bodies of w at er Reflect of f of a irbu ild ing, t heerr ight k eless ar ch itFun ect ur e f en or tyals, our" wcont ir eless or klanat ion of t hese and ot her Ch aptCh er oose 2, " Und st andnet in gw or W ir dam ains net an wexp basic w ir eless pr incip les. Th e deploy ment of w ireless WANs t hat pr ov id e r eliab le ser vice at Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys any t hin g b ey ond shor t dist ances requ ir es t h at t h ese f und ament al phy sical laws gov er nin g t h e behav ior of w ir eless sig nals be u nder st ood an d follow ed . License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. Challenge of Overcoming WWANs enable I nt Real-World er net ser vice prObstacles ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and eas w here radem it ional w ir ed t conn it ypor ist eit plet elyd unav ailable or is costAft - er y ou The parr ev ious sect tion phasized h at itect is ivim anth er t o com u nder st an wir eless p rinciples. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov un derst an d t h ese p rin ciples, t he next st ep is t o apply t hat under st andin g in t he real w or ld. ides Ever y com plet e,WAN r eal-deploy w orld m " st t o-es f inplace ish " din esign, inst allat , er oper ion, wan por t in for w ireless enart tt-ak a un ique an dion diff entatrealordldsup env ir onm enm t . at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE The p r ev ious sent ence m ight sound like a cont r adict ion. How can t h e r eal wor ld be r eal if ev er y w ir eless WAN is deploy ed in a u nique and diff erent r eal- w or ld en vir onm ent ? How m any real w or lds ar e r eally out t here? Please cont inu e readin g f or an exp lan at ion. •

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Topluoy De nder ing st Li cense and t-he Fr eer eal W ir ewleor ssld W fi de aced - Ar eby a Ne atw 2.or 4 ks - GHz w ir eless sig nal, t r y t o im agine t h at y ou are a w ireless sign al. You are fiv e inches long, and you ar e abou t t o st ar t on a 2 0- m ile jou rn ey . You r By Jack Unger jou r ney w ill t ake you f rom an an t en na on t he r oof of a sk i lodge at t h e t op of a 10 , 000- foot m ount ain d own t o an ant enna on t he r oof of an off ice b uilding . The of fice bu ild in g is locat ed 35 Pub lish er: Cisco Press m iles aw ay , in t he m idd le of a cit y in t he d esert at sea lev el. You r m ission is t o car r y and t o Pub Dat e: February 26,por 200t3ant ) dat a packet t o a com p ut er inside t h e off ice b uilding . deliver a big ( and im I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

You arPages: e hand 35 ed 2 t h e dat a packet ; t hen som e p ow er fu l bu t in visible for ce r ough ly pushes y ou up t o t he an t en na on t h e r oof. As you r each t he roof , t h e ant enna sudd en ly sp in s y our b ody ar ound t ow ar d t he cit y . The g ian t u nseen for ce slams you out of t he ant enna and int o t he air . You feel st r ong, but you can' t see t he cit y an d you hav e no w ay of st eer ing y our self. Snow is f allin g, an d y ou' re f r eezing ; t h e t r ees below y ou ar e cov er ed in w hit e. You hug t h e dat a packet t ight ly against you r bod y. You k now you ar e on ly fiv e- inches lon g, bu t y ou can f eel you r ch est slow ly Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. pu ff in g out ; you ar e exp anding . You' r e get t ing w ider and y our sk in is g et t in g t hinn er . You f eel y our self br ush against t he icy snow - cover ed t r eet ops an d som e of y our st r en gt h leaves y ou. You hu g yLear our dat packet er an as ex y ou fall. D own dow nind , dow n inasid er t ipst ight f rom perienced wir, eless ustn—you r y leadrerbody keeps exp andin g, b ut now , as you ex pand, you f eel t he m oist u r e in t h e icy air st art t o bend and w arp y ou. You d on't r em em ber ever t his coldt hand swollen. 'r e wat eaker . Your cheless est issysost em big st hat y ou f eel Under st andf eeling t he p rinciples at un der lie t You h e oper ion of all wir like you 'r e abou t t o bur st . You suck in a br eat h but t h is t ime y ou don 't feel t hat fam iliar icy pain n how t o pr ov id e pr ab le and w ir eless nt erair netmay access in youLear r nose. Have you gon e of nuitmb ? Th en ryeliable ou r ealize t hat It he b e get t ing w ar m er . Th e foot hills are below you . The sn ow is gon e, but you r bod y is now so big and so t hin t h at it bum ps Select t he ostf oot eff ect iv eYou equip ment and enn a sy st or dy our against some of m t he hills. d on't hav e mant uch st reng t hem lefst fan n owaritea ' s get t ing hot . You gr ip t he d at a p ack et as t he hot , dr y air st ar t s t o bend you r bod y and w ave you ar ound . You see com m p it falls er edt aller b y new ir eless net w oper at ors t he citAv y oid b uilding s on ahead get tencount ing closer, . Th ew en d of you r or jouk rn ey is t here, som ewh er e, in t hat hu ge m ass of st eel, concr et e, an d glass. Closer , closer , y our d at a pack et is st ar t ing t o slip Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork aw ay . You' re so t hin, so w eak . Th e bu ild in gs ar e hit t in g y ou, boun cin g y ou ar ound . Ther e' s a r oar in g in y our ear s; hu ndr eds of ot h er sig nals ar e sur rou nding y ou, bum ping , shov ing, pushing . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Your ant enna is ju st ahead, but all of y our ener gy is gon e. The p ack et … t h e packet …. Th e ant enn is ice r each for y ou…. Alm ostused t here…. Alm ost … e…. I nI SPs t h e (rWI ooft op cafet er ia, a w or ker Praact t h eing bu siness pr inciples b y successf ult her wir eless SPs) sudd en ly zaps a m icr ow ave oven on. Aaaaaaaaaaah hhh h! Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, I n t heorwou or ld of benv roadirband w tir eless, ev ery jour ney b et w een t wo ant enn as is a u niqu e one. The t door onm en t er rain, t he t r ees, t he b uildings, t h e w eat her, t he p ack et size, and t he ot her w ireless sign als com bine t o mtake he r net eal wwor orld enur t feorf or ever y wwireless onk ev er y jou rn ey at ever y Ch oose he r tight k ardif chfer it ect y our ir elesssign netal w or m om en t . Under st anding t h e ef fect s t h at t h ese r eal- w or ld influ en ces hav e on w ir eless sig nals allow sCon t heduct d esign and tsit h eecon ru ct iond of briooad band w ireless net orkv seys t h at d eliv er reliable phy sical surst v ey s an r ad f r eq uency ( RF) sit e wsur per for m ance in t he p resen ce of all t he r eal- w orld inf lu en ces. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Challenge of Maximizing Available Bandwidth cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings The wo pr w ecedin sect ion s descr of com u nder stely anding ir elessor fu is ndam and tar eas here gt rad it ional w ir edibed connt he ectim iv itpor y ist an eitce h er plet unavwailable costent - als and ov er com ing realw or ld ob st acles. The n ex t ch alleng e t o d ep loy ing br oad band w ireless pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides net or ks maxwim izing t he oug hpu t .allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or comwplet e, isr ealorld " st ar t - tav o-ailable f in ish " tdhr esign, inst w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Du ring b road ir eless w ork desig n, inst allat ion, d op at ionv ,endor one consequence ay ss 80 2. 11a, 802 band .1 1b, w802 .1 1g,net and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n etan w or k s.erThis - neut r al bookalw cover

occu r s w hen a m ist ak e is m ade at any point in t h e pr ocess: t he t hr ou ghpu t of t h e net w or k goes dow n . The t h rou ghp ut of a net w or k goin g d ow n is a sur e sig n t hat one or m or e pr oblem ar eas exist t hat need t o be ident if ied and cor rect ed. Th e goal of t h is book is t o help you design and bu ild a reliable, m oney- sav ing, high- b andw idt h n et w or k an d t o av oid t h e comm on and t h e som et im es not - so- com mon m ist akes t h at r educe n et w or k t h rou ghp ut .

• Table Content s Challenge of ofWorking Safely with Wireless •

I ndex

De oy ,ing Li cense -low Fr ee- cost W ir e lebr ssoad W i de - Ar e awNe tw or ksnet w ork A fpl ast r eliable, band ireless

is not b en ef icial if an em ploy ee or a byJack st ander By Ungeris h ur t or killed b y a f allin g t ool or a falling ant enna. Safet y m ust be t h e t op pr iorit y of each p er son in volv ed in designing , bu ild in g, an d m aint ain ing a w ir eless net w ork . I t is cru cial t o pr om e er: and emPress phasize safet y b y conduct ing an d d ocu m en t ing saf et y m eet ing s t hat cover t h e Pubot lish Cisco follow ing t opics: Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: Wor k in35g2 wit h heigh t s

Wor k in g wit h m icrow av e energ y Wat ching t h e w eat her Best pr act ices plan Using lighf tor ning prning ot ectand ion deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Using p er sonal saf et y eq uipm ent Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Clim bing safely Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Ot h er saf et y pr oced ur es Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Working with Heights

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Wir eless ant enn as ar e usually m ount ed high ab ove t he gr oun d on m ast s, r ooft op s, and t ow er s. Minim ize and t he ef fect s ofion, noise int ing er fersafet en cey on ourmu net orkad dr essed: Du ring d esign inst allat t h eand follow issuy es stwbe En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Fal ls— A f all fr om as lit t le as 18 in ches can b e en ough t o cr ipp le a p er son f or life. A fall Prom act ice t h e or buasiness used b y lysuccessf eless I SPs ( WI SPs) fr a r oof t owerprisinciples of t en f at al. On pr oper ul ly wir t rain ed per sonnel shou ld b e assign ed t o inst all t ow er s and r ooft op ant en na sy st em s. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or t door onm en tinst allat ion pr ocess m ust b e safe f or t he in st allat ion per son nel as Falou li ng objenv e ctirs— The w ell as for ot her people p assing by wh o ar e below t h e ant enn a. An obj ect as sm all as a Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k scr ew dr iver f allin g f r om a r oof can cau se ser ious inj ur y if it h it s som ebod y below. I m ag in e t he in ju ry t hat a lar ger obj ect su ch as an an t en na m ast cou ld cause! Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Working cost , high -with sp eedMicrowave " last - m ile" wEnergy ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable comnet panies. I nt er net pr ov ider sof( I m SPs) and orat m anager s t o Wir eless w or ksWWANs t ran sm itenable micr ow ave enerser gyvice . High levels icr ow av ecorp en er g y eorI Tt he deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or ild tings cum ulat iv e ef fect s of low lev els of m icrow av e energ y ar e k now n t o hav e ad ver se ef fect bu s on he and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost hu man b ody . To m inim ize t he ch ance of inju ry , n et wor k in st allat ion per son nel m ust ob ser v e t he pr ohibing it iv e. Deploy Licensefollow safet y pr ing ocedur es: Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Alw ays ur1b, n off802 t he.1 wir equ ipiet ment w ork ing arkound or vinendor f ron -t neut of a r m ow ave 80 2. 11a, 802t.1 1g,eless and pr opr ary -wprhen ot ocol n et w or s. This al icr book cover s

ant enn a. Never p oin t a m icr ow ave ant enna t ow ar d an ot her near by p er son. Mou nt all ant enna syst em s high enoug h so t hat t hey do not focus an d rad iat e en er g y t ow ar d a near by ar ea w her e people could be p r esent .

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I f t her e is a h ig h- pow er t r ansm it t er locat ed on t he sam e t ow er as t h e br oadb and w ireless ant enn a sy st em , ask t h at t h e t r ansmit t er b e t ur ned off t em por ar ily so t hat w or k on t he w irelessTable ant enna syst em can be per for m ed saf ely . of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Watching the Weather Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Alw ays con sider t he follow ing w eat her condit ions wh en d eciding if it is saf e t o w or k on out d oor Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 ant enn a sy st em s: I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

W et condi t ions— Wat er m akes sur faces slip pery . I t is dang er ou s t o w or k on r oofs or t ow ers w hen it has b een r ain ing or w hen it is abou t t o r ain . Mak e it a r ule t o dir ect inst allat ion sup er v isor s t o st op out door ant enna w or k w hen it is r ain ing or w hen rain is exp ect ed w it hin a shor t p er iod. Best pr actcon icesdif or plan ning of sur br oad band WWANs. I cy t ions— Likeand w atdeploy er , ice m men aktes f aces slipper y. Pr ohibit y our inst allat ion cr ew s fr om wor k ing out side n ear t ow er s w hen it is icy . Rem em ber : I ce t hat f alls f r om a r ad io t ow er andan shar p. I t can dam ag e eq uipm or smash a sk ull. Lear n can in sidbere heav t ips fyrom ex perienced wir eless ind ust rent y lead er Li ght nsting ri kpes— Whent hlig ning st r tikes a person it all is nwir ot eless alw aysy s fat al.sOccasionally, Under andstt he rinciples at ht un der lie h e oper at ion , of st em t he person sur viv es t he ligh t ning st r ike w it h only b ur ns or scar s. I t is, how ever , not w ise t o r un tnhehow r iskt oofprhav ing anofinst ion rcr ew st rwu ir ckeless b y light n ing. W hen ligh t ning t h reat ens, Lear ov id e pr it aballat le and eliable I nt er net access inst allat ion cr ews sh ould st op w or k and t ak e shelt er inside t he nearest b uilding. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea AvLightning oid com m onProtection p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Using Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The p r ev ious sect ion discussed pr ot ect ing inst allat ion cr ew s f r om light n in g. W ir eless equ ip m en t , cust om cu stofomer er sonnel also Inneed ect iont of rom ht ing .unLast Ener joyprtopert h e saty,isfand act ion p rovpiding w ir eless t ern pr et ot access you rligcomm it y , y our com pany or agency need s leg al pr ot ect ion f r om t he possib ilit y of p er f orm ing negligent w or k. I f light nPr ing eless an tpr eninciples na and used t hen bdest r oy s t he ir eless uilding acthit ices a t hw e irbu siness y successf ul wwir eless uI ser SPss' ( bWI SPs) or b usin ess, y ou could be sued for d am ages. Ev en w or se, if light ning hit s an ant en na sy st em and t r avels inside t he building Use 8 02. w 1her 1a,e 80 people 2. 11 b, ar eand w or8k02. in g, 11som g equ eone ipm could en t m or beehu successfully r t or k illed .in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ev ery responsible ad ult m ust r ealize t h at each ou t door w ir eless ant enn a sy st em in st allat ion m ust include Ch lig oose ht ning t he rpight rot ect net ion. w orTh k e arcost ch it ect of ur including e f or y our a lig w irhteless nin g net ar r est w orork and a p rop er gr ound connect ion is appr ox im at ely $5 0 for t h e par t s an d on e hour or m or e of ex t r a in st allat ion labor . sitse of surinst v eyalling s an dlight r ad n io-ing f r eq ( RF) e surout v eys FollowCon ingduct ar e tphy h e sical benefit pruency ot ect ion on sit each d oor ant enn a inst allat ion: License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , Pr high ot ect - spineed g y "our lastcu - mstile" om w erirs eless fr om Iser nt er iou net s inj access. ur y or Licensedeat h fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ot ect in g y our cu st om er s' bIuilding equipprment f rom bein gand dest r oy orat ed bey Ilig ht anager n in g s t o cable Pr com panies. WWANs enable nt er netand ser vice ov ider s ( I SPs) corp Tm deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings ot ect in g y our st om w erirs'edb usinesses st op ping hileely t hey m ov e t heirorent e bu and arPreas w here t rad cu it ional conn ect iv itfryom is eit h er comwplet unav ailable is ir cost - siness t o a new locat ion, replace t heir n et w or k equip ment , r est or e t heir soft war e, r ecov er t heir pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides dat ab ases, and r ecov er f rom t he r evenu e losses t hat occu rr ed becau se of t he ligh t ning com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or st r ikI SPs e w ireless and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Pr ot ect in g y our self an d y our business fr om b eing sued for negligence becau se an an t enna syst em y ou inst alled did not con t ain lig ht ning p rot ect ion Allow in g y our self t o r elax an d avoid w or ry w h en a lig ht nin g st or m p asses t hr oug h t he ar ea Feeling t he sat isfact ion t hat comes f rom sp en ding a few dollar s m or e but k now ing t hat y ou chose t o do inst allat ions t he r ight w ay, t he saf e w ay, t he legal w ay , and t h e et hical w ay •

Table of Content s

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I ndex

Using Personal Safety Equipment De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Ev ery person inv olved in w ir eless ant enn a sy st em in st allat ion should be p rov ided w it h t h e follow ing per son al safet y equ ip m en t : Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

AI SBN: h ar d1-h58 at705 t o-0pr 69ot -2 ect his h ead f rom falling obj ect s Pages: 35 2

Glov es t o p rot ect h ands fr om pu nct ur es and abr asions Safet y g lasses t o p r ot ect ey es fr om in jur y Sun scr een t o pr ot ect sk in fr om sun bur n Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Climbing Safely

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

I n addit ion st t oand t he tper al safett yh at equ m en in at t he ious ionsy , each Under he pson rinciples unipder liet tlist h e ed oper ionp rev of all wirsect eless st em sper son w h o m ust clim b a t ow er t o p er f orm ant enna inst allat ion or ser vice w or k should be p r ovided w it h t he followLear ing : n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Pr oper , pr ofession al t r aining on saf e t ow er clim b in g and in st allat ion pr act ices. I f no one in yAv our ganm izon at ion h as rencount eceiv ed ert ow et ywt ir r ain ing,net it w isor necessar t o h ire an ex perienced oidorcom p it falls ed er b ysaf new eless k oper atyors t ow er or ant en na er ect ion com pany t o per for m t h is w ork . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr actNO ice tTE h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8See 02.App 1 1a,en80 2. B, 11 b, and 8 02. 11dw g equ enwt ar m e, or eand successfully y our ow n hom e, off ice, dix " Wir eless Har ar e,ipm Soft Serv ice Prin ovider or ouOr t door env ir onm en t gan iz at ion s, " f or inf orm at ion abou t or gan izat ions t hat pr ov ide t ow er safet y t r aining . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys A safduct et y belt . Licenser ee bh rarn oadban A bfody ess. d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heseBoot benefit out irinin g side t h e use pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or s wsit hw itahst eelrequ shank t he of soles. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Other Safety Procedures pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Iwt ireless is b ey ond e scop e ofort his bookion t os ad dr essinan y ordoor all t hwir e eless ot her WANssafet y including challenges t her atage y ouofand I SPst hand ot her ganizat deploy g out cov y80 our com pany or or ganizat ion m ig ht face. As y ou receiv e add it ion al safet y ideas, sugg est 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al bookions, cover s

and t h ough t s, it is w ise t o f ollow up and include t hese issues in you r safet y policy , you r safet y m eet ing s, and y our safet y p rocedur es.

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

This b ook defines a br oadb and w ir eless conn ect ion as any w ir eless connect ion wit h of idt Content a Table b andw h of s_ ___ . I ndex

De pl oy ing ir e le tss i deS. - Argov e a Ne twment or ks 2 : Li cense What- Fry ee earW did heWU. ern

fir st r equir e licen ses f or all t r ansm it t ers?

By Jack Unger

3:

What y ear did t he FCC fir st allow b road band w ir eless eq uipm ent t o b e used w it hou t app ly ing f or a licen se?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

4:

What does t h e pr ocess of m odu lat ion d o?

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 e 5 : Nam

6:

one w ay t hat a license- fr ee br oadb and w ir eless WAN saves m oney .

Why is t he r eal w or ld d if fer ent f or ev er y w ir eless lin k?

7:

Du ring an t en na sy st em inst allat ion , w hat saf et y pr act ice help s pr ot ect w or ker s on t he fgr f rom and beindeploy g in ju red f allin g ob ject s? Best pr act ices oround plan ning m enby t of br oad band WWANs. 8 : A f all f rom 18 inches can cr ipple a per son f or lif e. Tr ue or f alse? Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 9 : I f you n eed t o w or k in fr ont of a w ir eless ant enn a, w hat sh ould you d o f ir st ? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 1 0 : Ev ery out door wir eless an t en na sy st em sh ould in clu de a lig ht nin g ar r est or . Tr u e or Lear n false? how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 2. Understanding Wireless Fundamentals •This chap t er Table Content descrofibes t he swir eless f und ament als t hat und er lie t he su ccessf ul d esign, •deploy m en t , Ioper ndex at ion, sup por t , an d ex pansion of w ir eless w ide- ar ea net w or ks ( WANs) . This De pl oyfing Li cense ee W ir e le ss W i deof - Artehese a Ne tw ks book ocuses on- Fr t he app licat ion fuorndam ent als in license- fr ee w ir eless n et w or k s; how ev er , t h ese sam e w ireless pr in cip les ap ply t o licensed w ir eless net w or ks an d t o all w ir eless By Jack Unger signals. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Propagation Wireless p rop agat ion is t he t ot al of ev ery t h in g t hat happ en s t o a w ireless sign al as t h e sig nal t r av els f r om Point A t o Poin t B. Alt hough inv isible t o y our ey es, t he w ir eless sig nal in t er act s w it h ever yt hing t hat it com es near or p asses t hr oug h, includ ing t r ees, hills, buildin gs, bodies of •w at er, t he ear Table s e, people, vehicles, an d so on. Th e bet t er y ou under st and t hese t h' sofatContent m ospher •int er act ion s, Itndex he m or e easily an d m or e successfu lly y ou w ill be ab le t o deploy w ir eless WANs. De pl oy ingisLiim cense ee W ir eyleou ss W - Ar e ast Ne tw orhow ks w ir eless signals ar e cr eat ed . First , it por- tFrant for t oi de u nder and By Jack Unger

Wir eless comm un icat ion is possible because chang es in t h e elect r on f low w it hin a w ir e cause chang es in t h e m agnet ic f ields an d in t h e elect r ic field s t hat sur r ound t he w ir e. Mag net ic fields Pub lish er: Cisco Press and elect r ic fields ar e inv isib le, but y ou can see t he r esult s of t heir pr esence. I f you hav e ev er Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 used a m agnet t o at t ract a piece of iron or st eel, you h ave seen t h e r esult of a m agn et ic field . I f I SBN: 705 -0 69 y ou h ave ev1-er58seen a -2 b olt of light n ing, you hav e seen t he ef fect of an elect r ic ( or elect r ost at ic) field. Pages: 35 2 When elect r on st r eam s change dir ect ion rap idly w it hin a w ir e or ant en na, t h e elect r ost at ic and m agnet ic f ields arou nd t he w ir e or an t en na ch ange at t he sam e r apid r at e. These rap idly chang ing field s ar e called elect r omag net ic w aves. The elect rom ag net ic w aves do not sim p ly st ay near t h act e ant enn a; plan t h eyning t ravand el aw ay at m nearly speed of WWANs. light —186 ,0 00 m iles p er second Best pr ices f or deploy en t oft he br oad band ( 30 0, 000 , 000 m et er s p er second) . The chang ing elect r on f low w it hin t he an t enna has b een t r ansfor m ed in t o elect r om agnet ic ( w ir eless) w av es t rav elin g away fr om t h e ant enna. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

TI Lear P n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Keep Selecta tment he mal ostpict effur ect e iv ofe aequip mov ment ing w av and e in anty enn our amin sy st d;em it sisf not or y a our spot ar ea or a lin e; it is a w av e. I f y ou dr op a r ock int o a pon d, t h e w aves spr ead out f r om t he point w here t he oidhitcom p it falls encount b yenn new w irfreless oper at orsw aves spr ead ou t rAv ock t hemwon at er. I f y ou place er anedant a in ee sp net ace,w tor hek w ir eless fr om t he ant en na. Wir eless w av es p ass t hr oug h air , space, people, and obj ect s. I f y ou Minim ize t he elect ef fect s of noiseicand cegon y ourfr om net wan orkant enn a an d r adiat in g can visualize r om agnet w avint esert fer raven elin away out w ar d, you w ill be off t o an ex cellen t st ar t t ow ard successfu lly d ep loying w ir eless En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y WANs. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Frequency As an ocean w av e t r avels, it s heigh t chan ges; as t he fr ont of t he w av e app roach es y ou, t he height incr eases. When t he cr est passes y ou, t he h eigh t of t h e w av e decr eases. Th e height decreases fu rt h er as t he t rou gh passes y ou. Fin ally , t h e height of t he sea is b ack t o t h e lev el •w her e it w as Table s e app ear ed. You h ave j ust ex per ienced one com plet e up- d ow n- up b ef orofe Content t he w av •w av e cy cle. Wit I ndex hout chang es in t h e w ave h eig ht , t h er e w ou ld b e no wav e cy cle or wav e. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ch anges in t he elect r on flow in an ant en na cause t h e same ch anges in t he elect r om agn et ic f ield s By Jack Unger ar ound t h e ant enn a. Anot h er w or d for elect ron f low in a w ir e is cur r en t . Wit h out ch anges in t he ant enn a cur r en t , t h er e w ould be no chan ge in t he elect r om agn et ic field s ar ound t h e ant enna; Pub lish er: Cisco Press t her efor e, t her e w ould be no useable w ireless sign al m ov in g out w ar d, aw ay f rom t he an t en na. Dat e: February 26, 200 3 ThePub n um ber of t im es each second t h at t h e cur rent in t he an t en na g oes t hr oug h on e comp let e I SBN: 58ive705 -0 69 -2iv e ch ange- cy cle is t h e same as t he fr equ en cy of t he w ir eless w aves t h at posit iv en eg1-at posit Pages: 2 r adiat e ou t w35ard f rom t he an t en na. I f y ou d r ew a gr aph of t h e cur rent flow in t h e ant enn a, t he r esult in g g rap h wou ld b e a sine w av e. The p osit iv e dist ance ( ab ove t he cent erline) and t he negat iv e dist ance ( b elow t he cent erline) repr esen t t h e am plit u de, or st reng t h, of t h e cur rent . The gr eat er t he am p lit u de of t h e cu rr ent , t he st r onger t he r adiat ed elect rom agn et ic wav es. Figur e 2sh ows w o com cy cles m ofen posit negat iv e-WWANs. posit iv e cur r en t f low in an an t enna. I f Best pr act1ices f or tplan ningplet ande deploy t of ivbre-oad band t her e ar e 10 0 com plet e cycles in one second , t he fr equency of t he cu rr ent flow ( and t he fr equ en cy of t he r esult in g w ir eless w av e) is 100 cy cles per secon d. Ar oun d 196 0, t h e t erm cycles per secon w it hant he er m Hert zwir ( abbr eviat . The Lear d nw inas sid replaced er t ips f rom ex tperienced eless inded ustHz) r y lead er fr eq uency of t his w ir eless w av e is 100 Hz. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Figu r e 2 - 1 . An t e nn a Cu r r en t Alt er n at in g B et w e en Posit i ve a nd Ne ga t i ve

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Wir eless sig nals cycle b ack an d for t h so qu ick ly—m illions of t im es each second —t hat t he followCh ingoose abbtrev ionsnet arw e or used o itspecif f requ cy: net w or k he iat r ight k ar tch ect urye tfheir or y our w en ir eless Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Kilohert z ( k Hz) : Thousand s of cy cles per second License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low t z ( "MHz) of cy cles er second cost , Megah high - spereed last - :mMillions ile" w ir eless I nt erpnet access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Gigah er t z ( GHz) : Billions of cy cles p er second cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Wavelength I t is im por t an t t o be ab le t o v isu alize t he p hy sical size of a w ir eless sig nal b ecause t h e ph ysical size of each sig nal d et er m ines how t hat sign al int er act s w it h it s en vir onm ent and how w ell it is pr opag at ed f r om ant enn a t o ant enna w it hin t he w ir eless net w or k. The signal' s ph ysical size also •det er min es hTable of ge Content ow lar or h sow sm all t he an t en nas t h at t r an sm it and receiv e t h e sig nal m ust be; •t he sm aller t he I ndex sign al size, t he sm aller t h e ant enna. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Figur 2- 2 sh ows t w o w ir eless sig nals on t w o d if fer en t f r eq uencies—2. 45 GHz and 5. 77 5 GHz. All By JackeUnger w ireless sign als t r avel t hr ough t he air at t h e same sp eed. That sp eed is t he speed of lig ht , w hich is 18 6, 000 m iles per second ( 30 0, 00 0, 000 m et er s p er second) . The d ist an ce t hat a r adio sign al Pub lish er: Cisco Press t r av els d ur ing a single cy cle is called t h e w av elen gt h of t hat sign al. Higher - fr equency w av es hav e 26, 200 3 lessPub t imDat e e: t o February t r av el dur ing a sing le cy cle t han low er - f requ en cy wav es, so t he w ave- len gt h f or I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 is shor t er t h an f or low er - f r eq uency w aves. high er - f r eq uency w aves Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 2 - 2 . Ph y si cal Siz e ( W a v el en gt h ) of W ir e le ss W a ve s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I n Figur e 2- 2 , each cy cle of Sig nal 1 ( 2 .4 5 GHz) h as t ime t o t r av el 4. 8 inches ( 12 cm ) . Ther ef or e, Sig nal 1 's w av elen gt h is 4. 8 inches ( 12 cm ) . Signal 2 is ch anging m or e r apidly ; each cycle of Sign al 2 has t im e t o t r avel on ly 2 in ch es ( 5 cm ) . Th er efor e, t he w av elen gt h of Signal 2 is only 2 inches ( 5 cm ) . Ther e is a cor r espon ding ph ysical w avelengt h f or ever y w ireless f r eq uency. The low er t h e fr equency , t he lon ger t he wav elen gt h; t he higher t h e fr equency , t h e sh or t er t he w av elengt h. Table of Content s • •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Attenuation At t enu at ion is t he loss in amp lit u de t h at occur s w henev er a signal t rav els t hr oug h a w ire, t hr ou gh fr ee sp ace, or t hr oug h an obst r uct ion. Figur e 2- 3 sh ows a 2. 4 5- GHz ( 245 0 MHz) signal as it en cou nt er s a t r ee. The signal is at t enuat ed; t hat is, it s am plit ud e is r ed uced . The am ou nt of •signal t hat em Table of Content erg es on t hes ot h er side of t he t r ee is m uch less t han t h e am ount of sig nal t h at •ent er ed t he tIrndex ee. Of t en, af t er collidin g w it h an obj ect , t h e signal st r engt h r em ain ing is t oo sm all De oy ing - Fr ee ir e le sslin W ik. de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks t o pl mak e aLi cense reliable wW ir eless By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Figu r e 2 - 3 . At t en ua t i on of a 4 .8 - i nch ( 5 -cm ) Sig na l by a Tr ee

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys f r ee tbhe r oadban ir eless w ideork s signal, ( WW ANs) id eit fast of low ILicensen addit ion, shor t erd twhe w avelen gt harea of anet w irweless t h e pr mov ore is atdeploym t enu at edent w hen it cost , high last. -The m ile" w ir eless erelengt net access. ee w t echnolog deliv er s encount er -ssp aneed obj" ect longer t he Iwntav h of a Licensew ir eless frsign al,ir eless t he less it is at tyenu at ed t hese benefit s wer it hsout irin g t h eeuse od uct s or serv p rov ided byoadcast local t elep hone w hen it encount an requ obj ect . Figur 2- 4ofshpr ows a signal in tices h e AM r ad io br b and at aor cable com enable fr equ en cy panies. of 1 000 WWANs k Hz ( 1 MHz) . I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com pletFigu e, r ealar tt-en t o- fua in ish " d esign, at ion, an dna sup r ew orld 2 - 4 ". stAt t i on of a inst 9 8 allat 4 - f tion( ,3oper 0 0 -m ) Sig l por b y t ain for Trm eeat ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors ize talheencount ef fect ser ofs noise and fer engt ceh on oursign netal w ork WhenMinim t his sign a t ree, t heint wer avelen of yt he ( 98 4 ft / 3 00 m) is so m uch gr eat er t han t he size of t h e t r ee t hat t he am plit u de of t he sign al r emain s almost unchan ged. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use TE 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, NO or ou t door env ir onm en t

A shar p - ey ed r eader w ill look at Figur e 2- 4 an d say s " Su re, t h e am plit ude is st ill lar ge Cher oose r ight net w or k plit ar ch e f or w ir eless netalww oras k a lot larg er t han t he aft t het he collision. The am uditeect ofurt he AMy our br oadcast sign am plit ud e of t he 2 .4 - GHz sign al t o begin wit h . " Well, shar p- eyed r ead er , y ou ar e Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys corr ect . Yes, t he AM br oadcast sign al had hig her am plit ude ( mor e p ower ) t o begin w it h—p s 50 ,0 00W comp aredarea t o t he 4 - GHz sign al t hat stid aret ed w it h 4W, ut low Licensef r ee er b rhap oadban dw ir eless w idenet2. w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov fastout deploym ent bof her e' s t h e point . Ev en if t he AM br oad cast sign al st ar t ed ou t w it h 4W, a lot mor e of it cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ould st ill t over t erg en cou nt er t he com pices ared t o ided t h e r em 2 .4 -hone GHz or t hesewbenefit s b weit hlef out requaf irin the use ofinprg od uctt rsee, or serv p rov by ainin local gt elep signal. Th is w ould be t r ue b ecause t h e t r ee is man y t im es lar ger t han t he p hy sical cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o w av h of t h -eefficient 2. 4- GHzb rsignal, t he t rkee m deliver any t im hes han t h ef or phy deploy t helengt eir own cost oadbanan d dn et w or s tis hat ig smaller h- speedt access busical ild ings w av elengt h of t h e 10 00k Hz KWHYAM signal. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Free-Space Waves A f r ee- space w av e is a signal t hat pr opag at es fr om Point A t o Point B w it hou t encoun t er ing or com in g n ear an obst ru ct ion , as in Figur e 2- 5 . •

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Figu r e 2 - 5 . Fr e e- Space W a v e

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The sign al ar iv est he at itpsrinciples dest in attion it h asliemtuch am plit udeofas le becau se st he am plit u de is Under st rand h at wun der h e oper at ion allpossib wir eless sy st em not r ed uced b y at t enuat ion fr om object s. The on ly amp lit ude r educt ion t hat occu rs is t he n orm al how pr sign ov idal e pr of it ab andatr ed eliable w ir eless nt er netAaccess r ed uctLear ion ndue t o t tohe being prleopag t h r ough fr ee Ispace. signal pat h like t his, w it h n o obst r uct ions, is an ideal w ir eless scenar io. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Reflected Waves When a w ir eless signal en cou nt ers an ob st ru ct ion w hile t r av eling f rom Point A t o Poin t B, t w o t hin gs nor m ally happ en : •

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At t e nu Iat i on— I n gener al, t he sh ort er t he w av elengt h of a sig nal, r elat iv e t o t he size of t h e ndex r uct ion, t heWm e tW hei design is tw ator t enu De pl oyobst ing Li cense - Fr ee ir eor le ss - Ar eal a Ne ks at ed . •

By Jack Unger

Re fl ect i on— The shor t er t he wav elen gt h of t he sign al r elat iv e t o t he size of t he obst r uct ion, t he m or e likely it is t h at som e of t he sig nal w ill be reflect ed of f t he ob st r u ct ion .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ThePub f ollow Dat e:inFebruary g sect ions 26, 200 describe 3 t w o t y pes of r ef lect ed w aves. On e of t hese t w o t y pes occur s at m icr owI SBN: av e fr 1- equencies 58 705 -0 69 -2 and is im por t ant t o y our und er st andin g of m icr owav e p rop agat ion. You m ight Pages: already 35 2 be f amiliar w it h t he f irst t y pe of r ef lect ed w aves: sk y w aves.

Sky Waves Best f pr f orr eflect plan ning t of Sk br oad The ir stact t yices pe of ed w and avesdeploy is sk y m wen aves. y w band av es gWWANs. en er ally occu r at sh ort w av e fr equ en cies, w here wav elen gt hs ran ge f rom 328 t o 33 feet ( 1 00 t o 1 0 m) . Sky wav es oft en r ef lect off t h e ionospher e—lay er s of ionized p art icles t hat ex ist f rom 30 t o 3 00 m iles ( 4 8 t o 48 2 Lear en tin er tth, ipsas f rom ann ex k m) abov h sid e Ear show in perienced Figur e 2- 6wir . eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Figu r e 2 - 6 . Sk y W a ve : Re fl ect ed Sign al a t Non- M i cr ow a v e Fr e que ncie s Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Sk y w aves ar r iving v ia ionosph er ic r eflect ion m ak e it p ossible t o r eceiv e shor t w ave b road cast s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

fr om st at ion s locat ed in ot her count r ies, t hou san ds of m iles aw ay . Sk y w av es som et imes also m ake it possible for you t o r eceiv e AM br oadcast st at ion s at n ig ht t hat ar e hun dr ed s or t hou san ds of m iles aw ay. I on osp heric r eflect ion, how ev er , seldom occur s at micr ow ave fr equ en cies.

Microwave Reflections •

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•Micr owav e signals I ndex h ave fr equencies bet w een 100 0 MHz ( 1 GHz) and 30 GHz and a p hy sical De pl oy ing Lih cense - Frappr ee W ir e le i de -1Ar a Ne ks ) w av elengt f r om ox imssatWely 2 ein . ( tw 30orcm

d own t o less t h an 1 in. ( 2. 5 cm ) . Micr ow av e signals r eflect off of ob ject s t hat ar e larg er t han t heir w av eleng t h, such as bu ild ings, car s, flat By Jack Unger st r et ches of g rou nd, and bodies of w at er. Figur e 2- 7 illust r at es m icr ow av e r ef lect ion off of a bu ild inlish g. er: Cisco Press Pub Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 2 - 7 . M icr ow a ve Sign al Ref le ct ion

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Each Use t im e8a02. m1icrow av2. e 11 signal is ref lect ed, it s am educed. Micrin owyave eflect ion e, can 1a, 80 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipmplit en u t de m orise rsuccessfully our row n hom offbe ice, an adv e or env a d ir isad van orant ouag t door onm enttage. The adv ant age is t hat som et imes t h e r ef lect ion ( or bou nce) off of a b uilding or w at er t an k allow s a m icr ow av e link t o w ork ev en t h ough obst r uct ions, such as Ch oose t he reight w or kt har ect ur e f or Th y our w ir eless net woformicr k ow ave r eflect ion is t hat a t he t rees in Figur 2- 7 net , b lock e ch diritect w ave. e disadv ant age ph en omenon called m ult ipat h can occu r. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Mu lt ipat h occur s w hen r ef lect ions cau se m or e t h an on e copy of t he sam e m icrow av e signal t o Licenser oadban dw ir eless area net was orkshow s ( WW ANs) pr ov id8e. fast deploym ent of low ar r iv e atf rtee he br eceiv er at slight ly dwiffideer ent t imes, n in Figur e 2cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eirFigu own cost b r ow oadban et w oral ks w t hat ig hf or bu ild ings r e 2- efficient - 8 . M icr a ved nSign it hdeliver M ul thip lespeed Ref leaccess ct i ons and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pred actSign ices als f or 1plan and deploy m en t of oad Reflect andning 2 f ollow slig ht ly long er brpat hsband t han WWANs. t he d irect signal; t her ef or e, t hey ar r iv e slight ly lat er t h an t he dir ect signal. Th ese r eflect ed ech oes som et im es cause p rob lem s at t he receiv er by p art ially cancelin g t he dir ect signal, eff ect iv ely redu cin g it s amp lit ude. The lin k sid serdow t ipsn f because rom an ex perienced elessmind r yelead erher separ at e t he real signal t hr ou Lear ghpunt in slow t he receiv er wir needs or eust t im t o eit fr om t he r eflect ed ech oes or t o w ait for m issed pack et s t o b e ret r ansm it t ed. Mu lt ipat h is a Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s signif icant pr oblem f or desig ner s of m icr ow ave net w ork s. Met hod s t hat y ou can use t o min im ize t he efLear fect sn of m ult h id aree pr discussed lat err eliable in t h e book . how t oipat pr ov of it ab le and w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Diffraction Dif fr act ion of a w ir eless sign al occu rs wh en t h e sig nal is p art ially b lock ed or obst ru ct ed by a lar ge obj ect in t he signal' s pat h , as show n in Figur e 2- 9 . •

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Figu r e 2 - 9 . Si gna l Di ff r a ct i on Ar oun d an O bst r u ct i on

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The edg e of t he hill par t ially blocks t he m icr ow av e sig nal. As t he bot t om par t of t he signal int er cept Select s t he t heh illt m ost op , eff t he ectsign iv e al equip is dif ment fr act ed and , causing ant enn apar sy tstof emt he s f or signal y our en arer eagy t o bend slight ly ar ound t h e hillt op. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors The d iff ract ed sig nal ener gy is usu ally at t en uat ed so m uch t h at it is t oo w eak t o pr ov id e a Minim t heeefconn fect sect ofion. noise er fer enh ce on er, y our r eliable m icrize owav I n and a fewintcases, owev t henet difwfrork act ed sign al, alt houg h w eakened, migh t st ill b e st ron g enou gh t o allow a connect ion t o be mad e t o a near by locat ion joy ot t hher e sat isf act of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y t hat wEn ould w ise b eion blocked. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or P ou t door env ir onm en t TI Ch oose het or ight netan w orun k ar ch rituct ected ur ep at f orh ybet ourw w ir eless net w orav k e ant en nas t h at y ou Alw ays t try ob t ain obst een t he m icrow set up . Do not plan t o use a diff r act ed signal in place of a dir ect sign al because m ost of Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys t he t ime, t h e dif fr act ed signal is t oo w eak t o pr ovid e a r eliab le lin k. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Weather and Other Atmospheric Effects Micr owav e signals m u st pass t h rou gh t he ear t h' s at m ospher e ( un less y ou are com m unicat ing fr om sp acecraf t t o spacecr af t , w hich is a not - t oo- dist ant possib ilit y ) . Th e ear t h 's at m osph er e is a dy nam ic env iron m en t consist in g of regions of con st an t ly chang in g t em per at ur es, pr essur es, •w at er v apor , Table Content and of w eat her .s These ch anges af fect t h e passage and t h e pr opagat ion of m icrow av e •signals. Under I ndex st anding t h ese pr op agat ion ch anges h elps you design reliable w ir eless WANs. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Precipitation Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pubsn Dat e: ,February 26, 200 Rain, ow hail, f og, an d3 sleet ar e all for m s of p recipit at ion—w at er or w at er v apor —t h at is I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 pr esent in t he air . As y ou evaluat e t he eff ect t hat each f orm of pr ecipit at ion has on y our wir eless WAN, Pages: k eep 35 in 2m in d t hat t he ph ysical size of a w ir eless sig nal p lays a big r ole in d et er m in ing how t hat signal in t eract s w it h t he pr ecipit at ion t hat it encoun t ers.

Rain, Snow, and Hail Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. On e cy cle of a w ir eless sig nal at 2. 45 GHz has a w avelengt h of 4 .8 in. ( 12 cm ) ; one cy cle at 5. 7 GHz has a w avelen gt h of 2 in. ( 5 cm ) . Com par ed t o t h e size of a r aindr op—ev en a big rain dr op Learyn dow in sidnp erour t ips rom an ex perienced y lead in a heav —tfhese w ireless sign alswir ar eeless quit eind a ust bit r larg er er t han t he r aind rop s. As a r esult , t he r aind rop s do not sign ificant ly at t enu at e t hese sig nals. At higher w ir eless fr equencies Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s ( at or abov e 10 GHz) , w here t he signal w avelen gt h decreases t o less t han 1 inch ( 3 cm ) , r ain, par t ially m elt ed snow , and par t ially m elt ed hail do st ar t t o cause signif ican t at t enu at ion. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Rain can, h owev er , hav e ot her eff ect s on t h e oper at ion of a w ir eless sy st em . Wh er ev er a t iny Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea hole ex ist s any wh er e in an ant enn a syst em , r ain u su ally find s it an d g et s insid e t he sy st em . Af t er t he rain is inside, t hep w at er encount degr ades t hebpyernew f ormwan ce of net t hewsyst . Ev Av oid com m on it falls er ed ir eless or kem oper atent orsually , t h e sy st em fails com plet ely and t he an t en na cab lin g m ust be r eplaced . Rain can also m ak e sur faces ( such as bu ild in gs anize d leav mor e rnoise eflect iv e, incr m ult h fnet ading . Minim t he es) ef fect s of and int ereasing fer en ce on ipat y our w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

TI P Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, This an ot her r eason or ouist door env ir onm ent o t use nonob st ru ct ed pat h s bet w een y our an t ennas. I f y ou t r y t o " blast t hr ough " t r ees, you ar e ju st set t ing you rself up t o h ave p r oblem s. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Ice License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s It hese ce buildu p on anit then narequ sy stirin em gs tim the atsion w ir eless WANs o d iffer ent wayor s: benefit s w out h epact uses of proper od uct or of serv ices p rov ided in byt w local t elep hone cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings sy st emit ional p er f orm and arRedu eas cing w here t rad w iran edceconn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Phy sically dam ag in g t he ant en na sy st em com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of A t hick buildu p of ice on a m icrow av e ant en na chan ges t he perf or man ce of t he ant en na an d t he 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s per for m ance of t he wir eless link d eg rad es.

I ce buildu p also ad ds sub st an t ial ext ra w eig ht , w hich increases t he chan ce of ant enna sy st em failur e, especially un der w indy cond it ions. A h eav ier t han nor m al an t en na m igh t b en d u nder t h e ext r a w eigh t or mig ht ev en f all fr om t he ant en na t ow er . I ce can also f all fr om a high er ant enna ont o a low er one, d amag ing t he low er ant enn a or an t enna cab le.

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NO TE I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

m inim ize By JackTo Unger

pr ob lem s in sn ow and ice- pr one ar eas, man y comm er cial m icr owav e ant enn as ar e pr ot ect ed w it h rad om es t hat are d esign ed t o cov er t he ant enna. Some r adom es also hav e heat er s t o m elt ice bu ild ups. I f y ou ar e locat ed in an ar ea t hat has Pub lish er: Cisco Press heav y w int er icin g cond it ions, y ou m igh t w ant t o con su lt w it h a local t w o- w ay r adio Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 shop t o see w hat m et h ods it uses t o r educe icing pr oblems on it s ant enna syst em s. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Wind Wind can a signif ican t and im pact on m t hen e rt eliable opband er at ion of w ireless W AN syst em s. The f orce Best pr acthav icesef or plan ning deploy of br oad WWANs. fr om a m oder at e or heav y w ind pushes ag ain st bot h t h e ant enn a an d t h e t ow er or m ast t h at holds t he an t en na in posit ion. Un der t his f orce, sever al t hin gs could happ en : Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The anstt enna coupldrinciples t ur n on t h t hat e un m ast , causin levels o decr as t he aim Under and t he deror lie ttow h eer oper at iongofsign all alwir eless tsy st emease s of t he ant enna changes. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The t ower or mast cou ld sw ay or t wist , chan ging t he aim of t he an t en na and cau sin g sign al levels ease o ev ar y . ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select ttohedecr m ost effor ecttiv equip An antcom enn amor er t hencount at h as not been pr opwerirlyeless designed, alled, g uy ed , or m aint ained Av oid on tpow it falls er ed b y new net w orin k st oper at ors could fail in a st r ong w ind —pot ent ially causin g phy sical in jur y or pr opert y dam age. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) NO TE Use 8y02. 1 1a, b, tand 8 02. 11 equ ipmion, en t an md or operat e successfully our ow n hom e, off ice, Safet is pr iorit80 y 2. on11 e in h e desig n, ginst allat ion of a in wiryeless WAN or ou t door env ir onm en t syst em s. Please pay sp ecial at t ent ion t o t he saf et y sect ions and n ot es t hr ough out t his book . Giv e t h em sp ecial at t ent ion as y ou desig n and inst all y our w ir eless sy st ems. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Refraction cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s tThe hese h out irinp gressu t h e re, usean ofdprwat od er uctvsapor or serv rovt hided byosp local t elep hone chbenefit anges sinwt item p er requ at ur e, conices t entpin e at m here play a or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s teo signif icant r ole in t he pr opag at ion of m icr owav e signals—r efr act ing ( or bend in g) t he signals. Th deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings r ef r act iv it y of t h e at m osp here ch anges depend ing on t he heigh t ab ove g rou nd. The r efr act ivit y is and ar eas w here rad itelev ional w ir edclosest conn ect y is h er of com plet ely oritis cost usually lar gest at tlow at ions, t oivtithe sueit rf ace t he ear t h.unav Th e ailable r ef r act iv y is usually pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov sm allest t h e high er you go abov e t he ear t h. This r efr act iv it y chan ge ( called t he ref ract iv it y ides com plet e,orr ealw orld " st ar t - t of inses ish "mdicr esign, allat ion oper ion, nw anar d dsup porttlyintfor gr adient k - fact or ) usually cau owav inst e signals t o, cur v eatdow sligh owm arat d ion t he f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of eart h, as show n in Figur e 2- 1 0. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Figu r e 2 - 1 0 . Sign al Ref r a ct i on in t h e At m osph er e

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The k - f act or can chan ge f requ en t ly, su ch as f r om hou r t o h our , f rom day t o night , fr om w eat her and p trinciples h at un der liet ot hseason e oper .atDiff ionerent of all r wir elessofsyt hsteem pat t erUnder n t o wsteat hert he p at ern , or f trom season eg ions ears t h hav e slight ly dif fer en t av erag e k- fact or s. A k - fact or of 1 ind icat es no bend in g; a signal rad iat ed un der t his Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access condit ion t r av els in a st r aight line. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea A k - f act or high er t han 1 means t hat micr ow ave sign als bend sligh t ly dow nw ar d, t ow ard t h e eart h.AvI noid m ost egon ionps,it falls t he m edian kactbory is 4/ 3w. irAeless k- f act orwof 3 h as he eff ect of m akin g t h e comrm encount erfed new net or4/ k oper attors r adio h orizon f art her aw ay t han t he visual hor izon . I n ot her w or ds, t he leng t h of t he m icrow av e pat h is incr eased ap prs oxim at elyand 15 int perercent . At w eat con dit ions can t em por arily Minim ize t heby ef fect of noise fer en ce t im on es, y our nethwerork cause t he k- f act or t o b ecom e inf init e. When t his occur s, t he am oun t of sign al bend in g equ als t he cur vatEn urjoy e oft ht e hesat ear h. This effpect called r actetion, or dut oct ing. uct inguncau isft act ion of rov is iding w irsuper eless -Irneft ern access you r Dcomm it y ses a m icr ow av e sig nal t o be p r opagat ed for h und r ed s of miles or u nt il t h e at m osp her ic con dit ions changPr e act enough ice t h e f orbut he siness ductpr ing inciples t o st opused . b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Ch anges Use in 8 02. t he1 1a, k - f act 80or 2. 11 areb,aand com8mon 02. 11cause g equof ipm f ading en t mon or emicr successfully ow ave p atinhs. y our Som ow etnimes, hom e, duoff e tice, o at m ospher or ou ticdoor con dit envions, ir onm t hen e kt - fact or is less t han 1; for ex am ple, t he k - f act or cou ld b e 2/ 3 . This condit ion, called subr efr act ion , h as t he ef fect of bend in g t he m icrow av e signal pat h upw ar d, oose t he r ight net k arion ch itr educes ect ur e f sig or nal y ourlevels, w ir eless net w or k in g at t h e dist ant receiv er. aw ay Ch f rom t he ear t h. Su brweforr act causing fad Ov er longer m icrow av e pat hs, t he k - f act or m ig ht be dif fer en t at dif ferent poin t s along t he p at h. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Working with Wireless Power Wor k in g wit h w ir eless WANs r eq uir es kn owin g h ow t o w ork w it h w ir eless pow er. Follow ing ar e fact s ab out w ir eless p ower : • •

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Pow er can b e eit h er increased ( a pow er gain) or decr eased ( a pow er loss) . I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Pow er can b e r elat iv e, for ex am ple, t w ice as mu ch p ower or 1/ 2 as m uch pow er or Pow er can be absolut e, f or exam ple, 1 w at t or 4 w at t s.

By Jack Unger

PubBot lish h er:absolut Cisco Press e an d

r elat ive pow er are alw ay s r efer en ced t o in it ial pow er lev el, eit h er t o a t o an absolut e pow er lev el.

Pub r elat Dat e: iv February e pow er26,level 200 3 or I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Wir eless WAN p ow er lev els b ecom e v er y sm all, ver y qu ick ly aft er leav ing a t r ansm it t ing Pages: 35 2 ant enn a. Wir eless WAN p ow er d oes not decr ease lin ear ly w it h dist ance; it d ecr eases inv ersely as t he squar e of t h e dist ance incr eases. Her e ar e som e exam ples: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. - I f w e d ouble t h e dist ance of a wir eless link , w e don 't hav e 1/ 2 of t h e or ig inal p ower r eachin g t he end of t he n ew lin k; w e r eceive only 1/ 4 of t he orig in al pow er . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er - I f w e t r iple t h e dist ance of a lin k, we receiv e only 1 / 9 t h of t he or iginal p ow er . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s - I f a new link is 5 t im es longer t h an an ex ist ing link , w e r eceiv e only 1/ 2 5 t h of t he Lear n pow howert ot hpratovar idreived pr ofat it ab r eliable eless I ntlink er net t hle e rand eceiver of t hweirorig in al . access Select t hepow m ost eff ectlat iv eion equip syfst em sing f or r yeason our ars:ea Wir eless er calcu s ar ement doneand in dant B, enn for tahe ollow Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors - dB v alues ar e logs—t hat is, t hey incr ease an d d ecr ease n ot linear ly but Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and en ce y ourpow neter w ork logar it hm ically , j ust lik e t heint wer ayfer t hat wiron eless incr eases or d ecr eases. En joy -t hdB e sat isf actcan ion of rov iding w ir eless n t ern access t o sm youall r comm it yels, lik e t he v alues be pused t o conv enien tI ly r ep et resen t v ery p ow erun lev levels of w ireless p ow er t hat arr iv e at a r eceiver . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) - Alt h ough t h ey are log arit h mic, d B v alues can b e added and subt r act ed t oget her Use 8 02. 1 h1a, 80 2. b,) and 11rgegu equ enear t m) or inle: y our owpnluhom e, off ice, ( w it each ot11 her u sin8g02. j ust laripm ( lin meatsuccessfully h. For ex amp 3 dB s 3 dB or ou t equals door env ir onm en t 6 dB. Ch oose he r ions ight net w or k ar ch it ect e f or our wusing ir eless or k The f ollow in gt sect help you b ecom e ur comf or tyable dBnet t o wcalculat e r elat iv e p ower lev els and dBm t o calculat e absolut e p ow er lev els. Lat er , you w ill also use dBi t o calculat e and com par e Con sical surr vefer ey sen anced lev r adelio-off r eq ( RF)ansit e na. sur v eys ant enn a gduct ain s phy r elat iv e sit t o et he an uency isot r opic t en License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ratios t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir b r oadban d n et wror s t hat deliver ig h- speed f or bu ild ings Ev ery db valuown e is cost a r at- efficient io. Th is sect ion ex plains atkios. A rat io is ah com par isonaccess b et w een t wo and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost qu ant it ies. Rat ios use a colon ( : ) t o d ivide t he t w o quan t it ies. Figur e 2- 1 1 u ses p en nies t o show pr iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t wohib o ex itam ples of rat ios. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Figu r e 2 - 1 1 . Pe nn y Ra t ios

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t door The f irorst ou exam pleenv is ir a onm r at ioenoft t w o- t o- on e ( 2: 1 ) , and t h e second exam ple is a r at io of 10 0: 1. The fir st ex am ple show s a p ile w it h t w o pennies nex t t o a p ile w it h on e penny —a rat io bet w een t he Ch toose henies r ight w or k ar ch it ect f or secon y our w eless w or ks a p ile wit h 1 00 pennies piles of w o pten t o net on e penny , or 2: ur 1. eThe d irex amp net le show nex t t o a p ile wit h one penny —a rat io of 100 : 1. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , highRatios Power - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable enable netanser pr ov s ( I er SPs) Figur ecom 2- 1panies. 2 u ses tWWANs wo flashligh t s t oI nt sherow exvice am ple ofider a pow ratand io. corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " stFigu ar t - t o-r fein ish instliallat , operer at ion, d sup por t in for m at ion f or 2 - "1 d2esign, . Fla sh ghtionPow Ra tan ios w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The f lashlight hesiness left has a pow er used of 40b candlepow er wir ( aseless b righI SPs t as (40 dles) . The f lash lig ht Pr act ice ton h e tbu pr inciples y successf ul WI can SPs) on t he r igh t is 1 0 cand lep ower . Th e pow er r at io, 40 candlepow er t o 10 can dlepow er , is 4 : 1. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

NO TE

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys I f you look closely , y ou'll also not ice t hat t he 4 0 can dlep ow er flashlight beam t r av els onlyf r tee w ice as f ar as 10 candlepow beam mmANs) … four t imes t h e deploym pow er t r ent av els Licenseb r oadban d wt hireeless w ide- areaernet w ork. sHm ( WW pr ov id e fast of low dist ance? t hatI ntisercor . The Licenser eason f or t his ill b et echnolog discu ssedy mor cost , only high t-w spice eedt he " last -m ile" wYes, ir eless netr ect access. fr ee w irweless delive er s t he end his chap t er.gYou ill also how q uick ly and er m tine y ou or t heseatbenefit s wof it htout requ irin t h e wuse of prsee od uct s ort oserv ices p rov easily ided byd et local elepifhone dist ance of a Iwnt ir er eless . ( HIpr NT: Do ysou hav eand fou rcorp t im orat es t he pow er ?) s t o cablecan comdouble panies.t he WWANs enable net link ser vice ov ider ( I SPs) e IT m anager deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides All pow ioswuse e tqu ant y as heir in itinst ial allat r ef erence poin . Theanflashlight com pleter e, rrat ealorldsom " st ar - t of initish " dt esign, ion , oper attion, d sup por texinam forple m atinion f or Figur e 21 2 u ses t he 10 can dlepow er lev el ( t he sm aller flashlight ) as t h e r ef er ence poin t . This w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 10 can dlepow er lev el is abb rev iat ed " FL" . + 6 dBFL now m eans 6 dB ( or 4 t im es) larg er t hes 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al bookt han cover

10 candlepow er r eference lev el, or 40 can dlepow er ( t he lar ger f lash lig ht ) . As lon g as t he abb rev iat ion ( FL) and t h e pow er lev el ( 10 cand lepow er ) ar e d ef ined an d com m unicat ed, t hen FL can be used in definit ely as a ref er ence lev el.

Wireless Power Ratios •Figur e 2- 1 3 sh Table Content s of t hr ee w ireless p ow er rat ios; each uses 1 W at t ( 1 W) of pow er as owsofex am ples •t heir r efer en ce I ndex p oint . Th e 1- Wat t r ef erence p oin t is ab br ev iat ed by t h e " W, " t h e t hir d let t er in De pl oy ing - Fr ee pW ir eyleou ss W dee- Ar e a Ne " dBW. " I f,Li cense f or exam le, wier t old t htw atorakst ran smit t er

h ad an ou t put of + 3 dBW, y ou w ould k now h at t he out p ut pow er w as t w ice ( 3 d B m eans t w o t imes) g r eat er t h an ( t he + sign By Jack tUnger indicat es a pow er gain) 1 W at t ( in dicat ed by t he " W" ) or a t ot al of 2 Wat t s out pu t . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Figu r e 2 - 1 3 . Pow er Ra t ios i n dBW ( Rel at i ve t o 1 W )

Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

dBmEn joy t h e sat isf act ion

of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

The mProst p ow er ref er ence lev el hen w ork it h wI SPs ir eless actcom ice tm h eonbudB siness pr inciples used b ywsuccessf uling wir w eless ( WIWANs SPs) is d Bm . The " m " in dBm st and s for 1 m illiwat t . A m illiwat t is 1 / 100 0 of a w at t . Th er e ar e 10 00 m W in 1Wat t . 1 8 02. 1 1a,. 80 2. 11 02.es 11 (gsuequ t m or e) successfully ourels owgnr eat hom m illiwUse at t is 0 dBm Posit iv eb,dand Bm v8alu ch ipm as +en 30 d Bm ind icat e p owinery lev ere,t hoff anice, 1 ou tiv door env viralues onm en t m W. or Negat e dBm ( such as –2 0 d Bm ) ind icat e p ow er lev els less t han 1 m W. r ight wfir orm k ar ch itall ectabsolut ur e f or ey our w ir d eless netv w or k cont ain t hr ee t hing s: This isChaoose goodt he place t o net reaf t hat p ower ecibel alues Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys A sign ( + or –) t o ind icat e wh et her t he v alue is ab ove or below t h e absolut e r efer en ce lev el License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low hat repr esent t heaccess. r at io ofLicenset he t w ofr pow in decib els y deliv er s cost , The highlog - sparit eedh "mic lastvalue - m ile" t w ir eless I nt ersnet ee wers, ir eless t echnolog t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or efer encep ow er enable lev el, such e " vice m " mpreaning W cable The comrpanies. WWANs I nt eras nett hser ov ider 1s (mI SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Table - 1 sh ows som of t h ewm ost conn comm eless er lev and below 1 m -W) . and ar2eas w here t radeit ional ir ed ecton iv itwyiris eit h pow er com pletels ely( abov unaveailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Tab le 2 -1 . Pow e r Rat ios i n dBm ( Re la t i ve t o 1 m W ) Le v el P ow e r Le ve l Re la t i ve t o 1 m W ( 0 dBm )

( + or – dBm )

P ow e r ( W at t s)

P ow e r Ab bre vi a t ion

m or eoft hContent an 0 dBm • 40 00 t im es Table s

+ 36 dBm

4Wat t s

4W ( 40 00 m W)

•

+ 30 dBm

1Wat t

1W ( 10 00 m W)

+ 3 dBm

2 m illiw at t s

2 mW

0 dBm

1 m ill iw a t t

1 mW

1/ 2 of 0 dBm

–3 dBm

1/ 2 m illiw at t

0. 5 m W

I SBN: 705 -0 69 -2 1/ 1 000 of 01- 58 dBm

–3 0 d Bm

1/ 1 000 m illiw at t

0. 00 1 mW

–3 6 d Bm

1/ 4 000 m illiw at t

0. 00 025 m W

10 00 t im es Imndex or e t h an 0 dBm

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Tw o tUnger im es By Jack

m or e t han 0 dBm

0 dBm Re f er ence Lev e l Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Pages: 35 2

1/ 4 000 of 0 dBm

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

dBm Calculations and Reference Chart Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I t is p ossible t o calcu lat e a pow er g ain or a pow er loss in d ecibels by usin g t he f ollow ing for m ula: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s dB log(t oP2/ Lear=n 10 how prP1 ov)id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access This say s t hat poweff erect rativioe (equip in decib els)and b etant w een y tst wem o psow Select t het he m ost ment ennan a sy f orer ylev ourels ar is eaeq ual t o 10 t im es t he log of t h e r at io of t he t w o pow er levels. For ex am ple, if y ou h ave a t r ansm it t er w it h a pow er out p ut Avof oid100 com mm Won anpdit you falls add encount an am er ed plifier b y new w it h wairpow eless er net ou twput or kofoper 40 0atm ors W, t he incr ease in pow er level ( in decibels) is calculat ed as follow s: Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The in it ial pow er lev el ( P1) is 10 0 mW. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The n ew pow er lev el ( P2 ) is 40 0 mW . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) The r at io P2/ P1 is 40 0/ 10 0, or 4 . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or oulog The t door of 4env ( use ir onm a calculat en t or h er e) is . 6 02. Ch oose Ten t im es t he. 60 r ight 2 is net 6 . 02 w oror, k ar rou chndin it ectgurteh is f oroffy ,our 6 dB. w ir eless net w or k The duct Con p ow er phy has sical incr siteased e sur v(ey P2s was an d gr r ad eat io-erf r teq han uency P1) ,( RF) so t he sit ef insur al vdecibel eys v alu e has a + sign ( + 6 dB) t o ind icat e t hat t here is a f our - t im es r elat ive p ow er gain. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high Going t h e -ot spher eedw" ay last , -her m ile" e iswan ir eless ex amI ple nt erof net a access. pow er loss: License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ow er out pu t of tenable h e same r ansm it t er susddenly rop scorp doworat n t oe I25 mW . P1 sis t o cable The comppanies. WWANs I nt100er netmW sertvice pr ov ider ( I SPs) dand Tm anager 10t0h eir m Wown andcost P2 -is 25 m W. deploy efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost r atDeploy io P2/ ing P1 is 25 / 100Fr(ee 1/ 4, . 2 5)Wide. pr ohibThe it iv e. LicenseWiroreless Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or TheI SPs log of . 25otis –0or .6ganizat 02. w ireless and her ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Ten t im es ( – 0. 602 ) is – 6. 02, or, rou nding of f, –6 dB. The p ow er has decr eased ( P2 w as less t han P1) , so t he final dB v alue h as a – sign ( –6 dB) t o in dicat e a p ow er redu ct ion dow n t o 1/ 4 of t he or igin al v alu e. When y ou n eed t o con ver t a pow er in w at t s t o an ab solut e pow er in d Bm , use t he follow in g for m ula: • •

dBm = Table 10 logof( Content Pow er sin w at t s) + 3 0 I ndex

De pl oy ingsLit cense - Fr ee W irer e lerat ss W Ar e a Ne tw or ks1 0 t imes t h e log of t he pow er in w at t s plu s 30. For This say hat t he pow io i de in - dBm equals exam ple, if y ou hav e a t r ansm it t er w it h 1W of ou t pu t pow er , t he out pu t p ow er in dBm is as By Jack Unger follow s: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

The log of 1 is 0. ( Check it on y our calculat or .)

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Ten I SBN: t im 1-es 58 705 0 is -0 69 also -2 0. Pages: 35 2

Add 30 an d t h e answ er is + 30 dBm . 1W of pow er is equal t o + 30 d Bm. I t is u su ally easier and qu ick er t o u se t he f ollow ing r eference t ab le ( Table 2 - 2) t o f in d dBm Best pr act deploy m en of brproad WWANs. levels; howices ev erf or , f rplan om ning t im e and t o t im e, y ou sh tould actband ice using t h e for m ulas t o keep sh arp on how dBm rat ios w or k . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Tab le 2 -2 . De ci bel ( dB) Ref e r en ce Cha r t

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

t he ost )eff ectPow iv e equip ment and antP enn st em P owSelect e r Le ve l (m dBm e r Loss owaesy r Ga i n s f or y our ar ea ( Re la t i ve t o 0 dBm or ( Re la t i ve t o 0 dBm ( Re la t i ve t o 0 dBm Av)oid com m on p it fallsorencount 1 mW 1 m W )er ed b y new w orir eless 1 m Wnet ) w or k oper at ors Com m e nt s and fer en ce on y our net w ork –1 04Minim ize t he ef fect s of 40noise per cen t ofint1ert enbilliont h of 1 mW En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y –1 00 1 t en- billiont h of 1 Pr act ice t h e bu siness m prW inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) –8 5 Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, 3 billion hs 11 of g1 equ m Wipm en t m or e successfully in Thr eshow old h ere, em and 8 t02. y our n w hom offost ice, r eceiver s st ar t or ou t door env ir onm en t w or king Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k –4 0 1/ 1 0, 000 of 1 m W sur v ey sofan1dmr ad –3 0 Con duct phy sical sit e 1/ 1 000 W io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir1/eless area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low –2 0 1 00 w ofide1 mW cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese –1 3 benefit s w it h out requ1/irin 2 0g of t h1e m use W of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o –1 0 t h eir own cost - efficient 1/ 1 0bof 1 m W d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy r oadban and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost –9 1/ 8 of 1 m W pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com - t 4o-of f in1ishm" W d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or –6 plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t1/ w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 –32. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, 1/ 2and of 1prm opr Wiet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

0 dBm

N o Pow e r Loss

N o Pow e r Ga in

+ 3

2 t im es 1 m W

+ 6

4 t im es 1 m W

+ 9 •

Table of Content s

•+ 10

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

+ 13

0 dBm Re f er ence Le v el ( 1 m W )

8 t im es 1 m W

8 mW

10 t im es 1 mW

10 m W

20 t im es 1 mW

20 m W

40 t im es 1 mW

40 m W

10 0 t im es 1 m W

10 0 m W

10 00 t im es 1 m W

1W

10 ,0 00 t im es 1 m W

10 W

31 6, 000 , 000 t im es 1 mW

31 6 k W ( 316 k ilow at t s)

By Jack Unger

+ 16 Pub lish er: Cisco Press

+ 20

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

+ 30 + 40 + 85

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

+ 1 00 10 billion t imes 1 m W Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

10 MW ( 10 m eg aw at t s)

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Antenna Characteristics Ant enn as ar e t he m ost im p ort an t p art of ever y w ireless WAN. Ev er y W AN cover s a w ide area. Wit hou t an ant en na, w ir eless pow er t r avels only a shor t d ist an ce, p er hap s a f ew dozen feet . To successfully d ep loy license- f r ee wir eless WANs, y ou need t o und er st and t he key concept s of •ant enn a d ir ect Table Content ivit yof an d an tsenna gain. •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Antenna Directivity By Jack Unger

Cisco e Press Ant Pub ennlish aser:r adiat w ir eless pow er—t hat is, an t en nas accep t w ir eless signal ener gy f r om t he Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3ed t o a t r ansm it t er and laun ch t h at w ir eless en er gy in t o f r ee sp ace. t r ansm ission lin e connect I SBN: 158 705 -0 -2eless energ y lik e a flashlight r ef lect or focuses t he ligh t f rom t he f lash lig ht Ant enn as focus t he 69 w ir bu lb . Figur 2-21 4 com par es t he en er gy r ad iat ed fr om a bar e, un focused f lash lig ht bulb t o t he Pages:e 35 focu sed en er gy rad iat ed f rom a f lash lig ht b ulb w it h a r ef lect or b eh ind it .

r e 2and - 1 4deploy . Focuse r sus Un focused Best pr act ices f orFigu plan ning m en t d of Ve br oad band WWANs.

Ene r gy

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Not ice t hat in Figur e 2- 1 4, t h e flashligh t bu lb on t h e lef t r ad iat es ligh t ener gy in all dir ect ion s. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Ther e is no focusing elem ent , an d n o d ir ect ion r eceiv es mor e ligh t t h an an y ot her d ir ect ion. Th e deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings light energ y r adiat ed f r om t he u nf ocu sed flashligh t bu lb is sim ilar t o t h e w ireless en er gy r ad iat ed and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost fr om a t heor et ical isot r opic an t en na. An isot r opic ant enn a r adiat es w ir eless en er gy eq ually in all pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides dir ect ion s and does not f ocu s t he ener gy in any sing le dir ect ion. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w I SPs ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in gligout WANsincluding cov of lb. I nireless con t rast t o and t he bar e f lash lig ht bulb, t he f lash ht door on t hwir e reless ig ht has a ref lect or b eh in der tage he bu 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s The r eflect or focu ses t h e lig ht in t o a beam t h at com es out t he f ron t of t h e flashligh t . The

flashligh t d oes n ot am p lif y t he p ow er or t he t ot al am ount of light fr om t he flashligh t b ulb. Th e flashligh t sim ply focuses t h e lig ht so t hat all of it t rav els in t h e same dir ect ion. By focusing t he light , t he f lash lig ht pr ovid es m or e dir ect ivit y ( beam- f ocusing pow er) for t he light ener gy . Sim ilar ly , an ant enna pr ov id es dir ect iv it y for t he w ir eless en er gy t hat it f ocu ses. Depend in g on t heir d esign, con st ru ct ion , and or ien t at ion, an t en nas f ocu s and r adiat e t h eir en er gy m or e st r ongly in one f av ored dir ect ion. When t hey ar e r eceiv ing , ant enn as focus and gat her ener gy fr om t heir fav or ed dir ect ion an d ign or e m ost of t he ener gy ar r ivin g f r om all ot her d irect ions. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense Antenna Radiation - Fr ee W ir e le ss Patterns W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Ant enn as exh ib it d ir ect iv it y b y r adiat ing m ost of t heir pow er in one d ir ect ion—t he dir ect ion of t heir ajor ( or m ain) lob e. They r adiat e only a small amou nt of pow er in ot h er dir ect ions—t h e Pubmlish er: Cisco Press dir ect ion s of t heir m inor ( or side) lob es. Figur e 2- 1 5 sh ows a t op v iew of a dir ect ion al ant enn a. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 2 - 1 5 . H or i z on t a l Ra dia t i on Pa t t er n of a D ir e ct i ona l An t e nn a

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Figur e 2- 1 5 illust r at es t he hor izon t al r adiat ion pat t er n of t he an t en na. I t sh ow s bot h t he main 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

and t h e sid e lobes. A m ain lob e ex ist s t ow ar d t he f ron t of t h e ant enn a and sever al side lobes exist t ow ard t h e back of t he an t enna. Nulls—ar eas w here no p ow er is rad iat ed —ex ist t o t he sides of t he ant enna. All ant en nas pr ov ide t h e sam e d irect ivit y on b ot h t ran sm it and r eceive. An ant enn a r adiat es t r ansm it t er pow er in t he f avor ed d irect ion( s) w h en t r ansm it t ing. The ant en na g at her s sig nals com in g in f rom t he f avor ed dir ect ion( s) wh en r eceiv in g. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

NO TE

By Jack Unger

When r eceiving , ant enn a d ir ect ivit y n ot on ly gat her s incom ing sig nals fr om t he fav or ed dir ect ion , bu t it also redu ces n oise, int er fer en ce, an d unw ant ed signals com ing in f r om Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 ot her d irect ions. Keep t h is im p ort an t p oin t in m ind as y ou select ant ennas for y our I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 net w or ks; use ant enn a dir ect iv it y t o r ed uce noise comin g f r om unw an t ed d ir ect ions.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pages: 35 2

Figur e 2- 1 6 sh ows anot her v iew of ant enn a dir ect iv it y : t h e ver t ical r adiat ion pat t er n, w hen y ou look at an an t enna fr om t h e sid e. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear t ipsr ftrom ex perienced wirteless Figu r en2in- sid 1 6er. Ve i ca lanRad ia t ion Pa t e r nind ofustarny lead O mern idi r ect ion al Ant en na Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k sical e sur ey s an d enna r ad io-wf it r eq uencyand ( RF)side sit elobes sur v eys This vCon iew duct showphy s an omsit nidir ectvional ant h main in t he v er t ical dir ect ion. An om nidir ect ional ant enna r adiat es eq ually w ell in all h or izon t al d ir ect ion s ar ound t h e ant enn a License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low bu t h as a m ain lobe in t he v ert ical d irect ion. Th is main lobe sur r oun ds t h e ant enna like a cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s dou ghn ut . t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Antenna and ar eas w Gain here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com pleting e, rtealorld "inst ar o- f in ish " dof esign, inst iond , com operpar at ion, at ion f or Measur he pwower t het - tmain lobe an ant enallat na an ing tan hatd sup powpor er tt oint for he m p ow er in w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of t he main lobe of a r ef er ence ant enn a d et er m in es t he gain of an an t en na. An t en na g ain is 80 2. 11a, 1b, 802eit .1 h1g, and pr or oprinietdBd. ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s m easu red802 in d.1ecibels, er in d Bi

I f t he r efer en ce ant enna is a d ip ole, t he m easu red ant enn a g ain is in dBd. The " d " in dBd m ean s t hat t he gain is measur ed r elat ive t o t h e gain of a dip ole refer ence ant enn a. I f t he r efer en ce ant enna is an isot r opic an t enna, t he ant en na g ain is m easur ed in dBi. The " i" in dBi means t hat t he g ain is m easu r ed r elat iv e t o an isot r opic r efer en ce ant enna.

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NO TE

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Ch apt er 5, " Select in g An t en na Sy st ems, " defines and d iscusses isot r opic an t en nas an d dipole an t ennas in m or e det ail. For now , t h e im por t ant point t o r em em ber is t h at y our Pub er: Cisco Press wlish ireless WAN uses ant enn as t hat hav e m or e dir ect iv it y ( and t h er efor e m or e gain) t han Pub e: a February 200 3 or an isot r opic an t en na. eitDat her sim ple26,dip ole I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Antenna Spillover Now t h at y ou ar e fam iliar w it h t he hor izont al and v er t ical dir ect iv it y of ant enn as, t her e is one Best act ices ning en t of brer oad m or eprpoint t o kf or eepplan in m ind.and W irdeploy eless pm ower n ev st band ops exWWANs. act ly on a shar p line lik e t h e m ain and t he side lob e dr aw ings sh ow . Wir eless pow er t aper s off —it d eclines gr adu ally rat h er t han sudd en ly. I n ot her w or ds, som e t r ansm it t er pow er and som e receiv e capab ilit y ex ist out side of Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er t he main and side lobes of each an t enna. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Antenna Beamwidth Beam w idt h —t h e w id t h of t he m ain beam ( m ain lob e) of an ant enna—measur es t he d ir ect ivit y of t he ant enna. The sm aller t h e beam w id t h in d eg rees, t he m or e t he ant enna focuses pow er int o it s m ain lob e. The m or e pow er in t he m ain lob e, t he f ur t her t h e ant enn a can com m un icat e. •Beamw idt h isTable of Content specified in tsw o dim en sions: •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Hor izont al b eam w idt h ar ound t h e ant enn a

By Jack Unger

Vert ical b eam w idt h abov e an d b elow t he an t en na Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Figur Pub e Dat 2- 1e:7February sh ows 26, an 200 ex 3am ple of t he h or izon t al pat t er n of a d irect ional an t en na. Th is ant enna has one m ain lob hat I SBN: 1- 58 705e-0t69 -2 ex t end s out w ar d fr om t h e fr ont of t he ant enna. Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 2 - 1 7 . H or i z on t a l Bea m w idt h Sh ow i ng Ha lf - Pow e r Poin t s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Figur e 2- 1 8 sh ows an ex am ple of t he v er t ical pat t er n of an om nidir ect ion al ant enn a. This ant enn a h as one m ain lobe ext end ing out w ar d in all d irect ions ( lik e a d ough nut ) fr om t he ant enn a. The ant enna st ick s up lik e a pencil t h r ough t he cent er of t h e dou ghn ut .

Figu r e 2 - 1 8 . Ve r t i ca l B ea m w i dt h Show in g H al f -Pow er Poi nt s •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Rem em b er ize f r om discu ssion of wir t h at w ir net eless pow er does n ot st op and st ar t Minim t het he ef fect s of noise andeless int erspillover fer en ce on y our w ork exact ly along a st r aigh t line b ut declines g rad ually w it h dist ance; t her ef or e, a consist ent m et hod is needed in eisft he h of t heiding m ainw ir lob e. This m etethod is visible inr Figur En joyt ot hdef e sat act wid ion tof p rov eless I n t ern access t o you commes un2-it 1y 7 an d 2- 1 8. The sm oot h out lines of t h e m ain lobes show t he ap pr oxim at e int en sit y of t h e w ireless pow er at v ariouPrs act dist ances awsiness ay fr om t h e ant enn a, bbu t h e dot tul edwir lineless es insid e t (he oot h lines en close ice t h e bu pr inciples used y tsuccessf I SPs WIsm SPs) m ost of t h e pow er of t he m ain lobe. These dot t ed lines pass t hr oug h t he half- p ow er poin t s—t h e point sUse on 8each 02. 1 sid 1a,e80 of 2. t he 11 cent b, and er of 8 02. t h 11 em g ain equlobe ipm en w ht er meorteh esuccessfully w ireless p ow in er y our is oneow nhalf homas e,stoff r ong ice, as it is or at out thdoor e cenenv t er irofonm t heen lobe. t Th e angle b et ween t he t w o dot t ed lin es defines t h e hor izont al or v er t ical beam w idt h of t he an t enna. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Obtaining Wireless Line-of-Sight Paths When a w ir eless signal en cou nt ers an ob st ru ct ion , t he sign al is alw ay s at t enuat ed and oft en r ef lect ed or dif fr act ed . Wit h out d oor w ireless W ANs, t he at t enu at ion f r om t hese encount er s is usually so g reat t hat not en ough signal rem ains t o be d et ect ed at t h e ot her end of t he link . Wh en •y ou d esign a Table of Content w ir eless WANs lin k, it is im por t ant t o wor k t o achiev e a w ireless line- of - sight ( LOS) •pat h . This is Iandex pat h t h at h as no obst ru ct ion s t o sign ificant ly block , dif fr act , absor b, or at t en uat e De Li cense - Fr ee A Ww ir eireless le ss W i de - Ar epat a Ne ks t hepl oy wiring eless signal. LOS h tw t yor pically r equir es a v isual LOS p at h plus ad dit ional p at h clear By Jackance Ungert o accou nt f or t h e spr ead in g of t he w ir eless sig nal. The follow in g par agr aphs descr ibe v isu al and w ireless LOS pat hs and help y ou und er st and h ow a w ir eless LOS pat h is d if fer ent f r om a v isual LOS p at h. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Visual LOS Pages: 35 2 Path

I f you can see f r om one an t en na t o t h e ot her , y ou h ave a v isu al LOS pat h , as show n in Figur e 219 . You m ight or m ight not hav e an un obst r uct ed w ir eless LOS pat h . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Figu r e 2 - 1 9 . Vi su al LOS Pa t h Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch itand ect ur eWireless f or y our w irLOS eless net w or k Difference Between Visual Paths Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys How can t her e be a diff erence b et w een t he v isu al and t he wir eless LOS p at hs? Th er e is a dif fer en ce b ecause of t h e v ast dif ference b et w een t he w av eleng t h of a w ireless w av e an d t h e License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low w av elengt h of a visible light w av e. Figur e 2- 2 0 sh ows t his ph ysical w av elengt h d if fer ence. cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings 2 - 2t0rad . itDional if fe rweirnce B et wiveiten elcom essplet Wely av unav el enailable gt h aor n dis Vi si- ble and Figu ar easrwehere ed conn ect y is W eit ihrer cost W av e le ngt h pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best act icessig f ornal plan deploy m en oad The 2pr . 4GHz h asning a w and av eleng t h of 4 . 8t of in .br( 12 .5band cm ) .WWANs. The 5. 8- GHz w ir eless sign al has a w av elengt h of 2 in. ( 5. 3 cm ) . Th e light w ave, w h ich is gr een , has a w av elengt h of 1 / 50, 00 0 of an inch ( . 53 micr om et er s) , w hich is mu ch shor t er t han eit her of t h e w ir eless signals. Th e Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er w av elengt h of t h e gr een light w av e is only app r oxim at ely 1/ 10 0, 000 as lon g as t he w av eleng t h of t heUnder 5. 8- GHz w irt he eless sign al. t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s st and p rinciples Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

NO TE

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A ligh t w ave is sim ilar t o a w ireless wav e. Bot h light w av es and w ireless wav es ar e for m s of om agnet r adiat ion. houg is anet subst an t ial size diff er ence Minim izeelect t he ref fect s of ic noise and intAlt er fer en h cet here on y our w ork bet w een t h e w avelengt h of light and t h e w avelen gt h of w ireless, t h ey bot h obey t he En joy t h e sat act ionas of tphey rov iding w at ir eless t ern youof r comm un itsignals y sam e laws of isf phy sics pr opag e. YouI nm ighet t waccess an t t o ttohink w ir eless as light w av es t hat t he ey e cannot see. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, orort ouert door ir onm en t an elect r om agnet ic w av e, t he less clear ance it n eeds f r om t he The sh t h e wenv avelengt h of obj ect s t hat it passes as it t r av els fr om Point A t o Point B. The less clear ance a w av e n eeds, t h e t hecan r ight net twooran k ar ch it ection ur e wf or ourex wper ir eless net wan or add k it ion al loss in sign al closerCh t hoose e w ave pass obst r uct it hyout iencing st r en gt h. The nex t sect ion show s y ou how t o calcu lat e how close a w av e can com e t o an Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys obst r uct ion w it hout ex per ien cin g ad dit ional at t en uat ion. This clear ance d ist an ce is called t h e Fresnel zone. For n ow, look at t h e w aves in Figur e 2- 2 1. Bot h a gr een light w av e and a 2. 4- GHz License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low w ireless wav e ar e t r av eling t h e same pat h and passing by t h e sam e b uilding . cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Figu r e w2ir- ed 2 1conn . Viect suivalit yaisnd Werircom e leplet ss ely LOunav S Pa t h s or is cost and ar eas w here t rad it ional eit h ailable pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

The sh ort w avelengt h of t h e gr een light w ave need s t o clear t he building only b y a f r act ion of an Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. inch t o av oid bein g at t en uat ed. All of t he g reen ligh t w av e easily clears t he bu ild ing. The longer w av elengt h 2 .4 - GHz wir eless w av e has a larg er Fr esnel zone an d n eeds t o clear t he b uilding by qu it e Lear a f ew feet o avoid being at ed . The next sect ionr yprlead ovider es m or e inf or mat ion abou t n in sid ter t ips f rom an at ext enu perienced wir eless ind ust calcu lat in g t he necessar y Fresnel zone clear ance. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n Zone how t o Fresnel

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea The con cept of t he Fr esn el zone ( pr on ounced " f r A- nel" ; t h e " s" is silen t ) p rov ides a met h od of calcu lat g tcom he am oun t falls of clear ance er t hed at ab ywnew ireless av e (net or w a or light w ave) Av in oid m on p it encount w irweless k oper at orsneed s fr om an obst acle t o ensu re t hat t he obst acle does not at t enu at e t he sign al. Figur e 2- 2 2 sh ows t w o w ay s t o calculat Minimeize t h et he Fresnel ef fectzone s of noise clear ance. and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples y successf ul wirCa eless WI SPs) Figu r e 2 - 2 used 2 . Frb esne l Zone lcuI SPs la t i( on Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The am ou nt of Fr esn el zone clear ance is d et er m ined b y t he w av elen gt h of t he sign al, t he t ot al pat h lengt t hisf e act distion ance t he ob stwacle. TheI nFr esnetelaccess zone ist oalw ayr scomm w id est En joyh,t hand e sat of pt orov iding ir eless t ern you unin it yt he m iddle of t he pat h, bet w een t he t wo ant enn as. At least 60 per cen t of t h e calculat ed Fresnel zone mu st be clear Pr t oact av ice oid tsign if ican t sign al at t enuat ionb. yI nsuccessf Figur e ul 2- wir 2 2,eless t h e tIop of( tWI heSPs) h ill ex t ends so far in t o h e bu siness pr inciples used SPs t he Fr esn el zone t h at 6 0 p er cent of t he Fr esnel zon e is not clear ; t h er efor e, par t of t he signal w ill be at tUse en uat ed.1 Figur e 2. 2-11 2 3b,shand ows8 t02. he 11 calcu lat ion zone clear ance or aow g rneen lige,htoff ice, 8 02. 1a, 80 g equ ipm of en Fr t mesn or eel successfully in y four hom w av e or over t w o-env m ile pat henwt it h a hill locat ed at t he mid dle of t he p at h. ou tadoor ir onm Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical v eyesne s an dl r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) e sur eyse en Figu r e 2sit - 2e3sur . Fr Zone Cle a r an ce sit f or a vGr

Li gh t

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y act e but he siness inciples used successf wir eless ( WI SPs) Figur ePr22 ice 4 sht hows calcuprlat ion of Fr esn b ely zone clearulance f or a I 2SPs . 4- GHz sig nal ov er t he sam e t w o- m ile pat h. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Figu r e 2 - 2 4 . Fr esne l Zone Cle a r an ce f or 2 .4 GH z

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y act ice thw e ave bu siness pr inciples b y successf wir eless I SPs ( WIet SPs) The gPr r een lig ht in Figur e 2- 2 3 mused u st hav e a clearulFresnel zon e diam er t hat is at least 0. 48 in. ( 1. 22 cm ) , or 60 per cent of t he calculat ed Fr esnel zone d iamet er , t o av oid being par t ially Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, at t enu at ed . The r equ ir ed clear ance abov e t he hill ( t he rad iu s of t he calculat ed 60 percent Fr esnel or ou t door env ir onm en t zone diamet er ) is on e- h alf of t he diam et er, so t he g reen lig ht wav e m ust clear t h e hill by onehalf ofCh0.oose 4 8 in. , orr ight by 0net .2 4w in 0. 61 . e f or y our w ir eless net w or k t he or.k( ar ch itcm ect)ur The 2Con . 4- GHz ir eless aveesur in vFigur e 24m hav e a clear ductwphy sicalwsit ey s an d 2r ad io-u fstr eq uency ( RF) Fresnel sit e sur vzon eyse diam et er t hat is at least by 1 9. 7 ft ( 6 m) , or 60 per cen t of t h e calculat ed Fr esnel zone d iamet er , t o av oid being par t ially f at t enuat ed . The abov e tshe h ill ANs) ( t he rpr adoviuids eoffast t he deploym calculat ed 0 low Licenser ee b r oadban d wrirequir elessedw clearan ide- areacenet w ork ( WW ent6of per cent Fr esnel zon e diam et er ) is onehalf of t he d iam et er , so t he wir eless w av e m ust clear cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv ert he s hill b y benefit one- half .7 requ f t , oririn b yg 9. f t ( 3of mpr) od . uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hese s wof it h19 out t h85 e use cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o You cant hsee om cost Figur es 2- 2 3 ban d 2- 2 4 dh n ow a or visual LOS pat h can exspeed ist t hat allows t o ings see deploy eir fr own - efficient r oadban et w k s t hat deliver h ig haccess f oryou bu ild fr om Poin t A t o Point B wit h no at t enu at ion , w her eas a w ir eless w ave t rav elin g t he sam e pat h and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost w ill ex per ience sign if ican t ad dit ional at t en uat ion. Many t im es in y our lif e, y ou h ave h ear d t he pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides exp " Seein g is" st b elievin Figur es 2- 2 3inst anallat d 2- ion 2 4 ,poper r ovide a gran aph expor amtple t hm atat , w hen comression plet e, r, ealw orld ar t - t o-g. f in" ish " d esign, at ion, d ic sup in for ion f or ywou ar e w or k ing w it h w ir eless, " Seeing is not b eliev in g. " I n ot her w or ds, j ust b ecause y ou can ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of see o t h e802 ot her end802 of .1 a 1g, w ir eless pat h ,iet doary not y ou ave av endor clear -LOS at h. s 80 2.t11a, .1 1b, and pr opr - prbeliev ot ocole nt hat et w or k s.h This neutwir r aleless book pcover

The clear, visual LOS pat h does not m ean t hat you h ave an at t enu at ion- f ree w ir eless pat h . You m ust calculat e t h e size of t he Fr esnel zon e and confir m t h at t h e clear ance abov e an y obst acle( s) is at least equ al t o one- half of 60 per cent of t he Fr esn el zone d iam et er .

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Link Budget A w ir eless link b udget calculat ion t ot als t h e sig nal g ains, subt r act s t h e sig nal losses ov er t he lengt h of a wir eless link , and p redict s w het her t he signal lev el t hat ar riv es at t h e r eceiver w ill be high enou gh for t he link t o w ork reliably . I f t he link b udg et pr edict s t hat t he link w ill not w or k •r eliably , y ou Table of amin Content can ex e st he g ain of each link bud get elem ent t o see w hich element s t o chan ge •and by how m I ndex uch t o get t h e lin k t o w or k . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

NO TE

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 69 -2 bud get d iscussion ex plains t h e lin k bud get element s as if t he sign al The f ollow in g-0link pat Pages: h w 35 ent 2 only one way : fr om Tr ansm it t er A t o Receiv er B. Wir eless WAN link s in t he r eal w orld oper at e in bot h dir ect ion s—w it h a t ran sm it t er an d a r eceiver at each end of ever y link . Ther ef or e, you r t w o- w ay w ireless lin ks h ave t w o link b udget s—one in each dir ect ion . Due t o d if fer en ces in t r ansm it t er pow er or r eceiver sensit ivit y , t h e lin k bu dget s in each dir ect ion can be d if fer en t .

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. The inLear divid link udgf et elem s ar e as f ollows: n ual in sid er bt ips rom an ent ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Tr ansm it t er pow er out pu t Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Tr ansm it t er ant enna syst em coaxial cab le ( t r ansmission line) loss Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Tr ansm it t ing ant enna gain Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Free- space pat h loss Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Receiv ing ant enn a gain En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Receiv er ant enn a syst em t r ansm ission line loss Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Receiv er sen sit iv it y t hr esh old Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Transmitter Output Power

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

The t ran it t er g en er atsit ese pow d eliv t ouency t h e t r(ansm it teersur out pu t conn ect or . This pow er Consm duct phy sical sur ver ey and s an d r ader io-s f it r eq RF) sit v eys level is specified in dBm —decibels r ef er enced t o 1 m W. Ty pical t r ansm it t er out pu t p ower s r ange fr om 10 fmW 10 dBmd) wt ir o eless 1 W ( +w3ide0 d area Bm) . net Tr ansmit ouANs) t put pr pow ds tdeploym o t he link b udg et . Licenser ee b( r+oadban w ork s t(er WW over id eadfast ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies.Antenna WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider Line s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Transmitter System Transmission Loss deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost The t ran sm it t er an t en na sy st em coax ial cable or t ran sm ission line car r ies p ower f r om t he pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t r ansm it t er out pu t conn ect or t o t h e t r ansmit t in g an t enna. Som e p ow er is lost in t he cable ( and com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or in t he cable conn ect or s and ligh t ning ar rest or ) d ur ing t his pr ocess. Th e smaller t he diam et er of w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of t he cab le and t he shor t er t h e w ireless w av eleng t h ( t he h igher t h e fr equency ) , t he mor e p ow er 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

t hat is lost . Ty pical pow er losses at 2. 4 GHz ar e 7 dB for each 100 - ft len gt h of 3/ 8 - in. d iam et er cable. The t ot al t r ansm ission lin e loss is su bt r act ed f rom t he link b udg et .

TI P •

Table of Content s Alw ays design y our w ir eless link s t o min im ize t h e len gt h of t he an t enna cab les. Place ndext er an d t he r eceiver as close as possible t o t he an t en na. By d oing t his, y ou t he t ran Ismit De pl oy Li cense W irance e le ss and W i de t- h Aree areliabilit Ne tw or ks ming axim ize t-hFreeedist y of y our w ir eless lin ks. •

By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: FebruaryAntenna 26, 200 3 Transmitting Gain I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35t 2 The t ran sm it ing an t en na r eceiv es pow er fr om t h e t r ansm ission lin e. The ant enn a f ocu ses an d concen t r at es t his pow er an d r adiat es it t ow ard t h e dist ant r eceiv er . This f ocu sin g ab ilit y result s in an ef fect iv e p ower g ain in t he dir ect ion of t he an t en na' s m ain lobe. For 2 .4 - GHz an t ennas, gains t yp ically r ang e fr om + 6 dBi t o + 24 dBi. The t r ansm it t ing ant enn a gain add s t o t he link bu dget . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Free-Space Path Loss Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced

wir eless ind ust r y lead er

You mUnder ust p st ayand a p trice use t het h mat agun ic der of wir That pr ice is t wir hateless m ostsy ofsttem he sw ir eless energ y he pt orinciples lie eless. t h e oper at ion of all t hat leaves y our t r an sm it t ing ant en na is lost —g one for ev er . Only a t in y fr act ion of t he t r ansm Lear it t ed n how enertgy o pr evov eridar e rpr ivof esit at ab le t heand receiv r eliable ing ant w irenn eless a. How I nt erm net uch access of t he ener gy act u ally ar r iv es? I f you hav e a 2. 4- GHz signal t hat t rav els 1 mile, y our r eceiv ing ant enna cat ch es less t he mt h ostofeff ectener iv e equip ment anted enn a sy you st em or y our t han 1Select t en billion t he gy t hat y ouand rad iat f rom r st r fansm it t inarg ea ant enna. All t he energ y t hat is lost ( r emem ber t h at t h er e is n o w ir e pr esent ) is called t he fr ee- sp ace pat h loss. Avger oid tcom p it falls ed bt yernew net k oper at ors signal, t h e high er The lon he wmiron eless pat hencount an d t heershor t he w w ir aveless elen gt hw ofort he w ir eless t he fr ee- space p at h loss. The f r ee- space pat h loss can be calcu lat ed using t h e follow ing for m ula: Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork PL = 9 6. 6 + 10 log( d 2 ) + 10 log( f 2 ) dB En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y w her e f is t he f r eq uency in GHz and d is t h e dist ance in miles. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) I f you p refer t o use m et r ic unit s t o comp ut e t he fr ee- sp ace pat h loss, h er e is t h e for m ula: Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or onmf )en+t 20 log( d) dB PL ou = t9door 2. 4 +env 20irlog( netinw GHz or k ar ch itdect our win ir eless w her eChf oose is t het he f r eqr ight uency and isur t heef or distyance km . net w or k physev sical sitex e sur ey s of anfrd eer adspace io- f r eqp uency ( RF) e sur eys and 5. 7- GHz TableCon 2 - 3duct sh ows er al am vples at h loss f or sit t he 2. 4-v GHz fr equ en cy b ands. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient oadban d nes et wof or kFr s t hat h- speed access f or bu ild ings Tab le 2 -3 b. rExa m pl ee -deliver Spa ceh igPa t h Loss and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Fre e- Spa ce Pa t h Loss a t 1 Mi le ( 1 . 6 km )

Fre e- Spa ce Pa t h Loss a t 2 Mi le s ( 3 . 2 km )

2. 4 GHz

10 4 d B

11 0 d B

5. 7 GHz

11 2 d B

11 8 d B

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Wireless IsPress Magic! Pub lish er: Cisco Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

I f youI SBN: st op1-and t hin 58 705 -0 69k-2about w ireless sign als for a m inut e, y ou w ill pr obably ag r ee w it h Pages: t he st 35 at2em en t , " Wireless is m agic. " You k now —inv isible energ y w aves t h at car ry v oices, pict ur es, and infor m at ion almost inst ant ly t h rou gh t he air , t h rou gh y ou, an d even t hr oug h in t er p lan et ar y space at dist ances of t hou san ds, and som et im es m illions of m iles. On ly a t iny fr act ion of t h e t r ansm it t ed ener gy ever ar r ives at t he r eceiv ing end, and yet w ir eless w or k s! Wir eless has seem ed lik e m agic t o m e sin ce I w as 10 y ear s old. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Receiving Antenna Gain

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s The r eceiv ing ant enn a w or ks lik e t h e t r ansmit t in g an t enna t o concent r at e ener gy , bu t in r ev erse. Lear ning how pr aovgat id eh pr it ab and r eliable eless Iam nt er access The r eceiv antt oenn er of s an d le con cent r at es t hweirsmall ounet nt of p ow er t hat reaches it at t he far en d of a w ireless lin k. Think f or a m om ent about t he cat cher in a g ame of baseb all. The Select m ost equip ment and sant enne.a The sy stlar emger s f ort hyeour r eceivin g antt he en na woreff k sect a iv lote like t he cat cher' glov glovare,eat he easier it is for t he cat cher t o gr ab t he b all t hat t he pit cher t hr ow s. The lar ger y our r eceiv ing ant enn a, t he easier Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors it is f or t h e ant enn a t o gr ab t he incom ing sig nal—and t he mor e sign al t hat t he ant enna gr abs. The mMinim or e signal t he an t en nanoise receivand es, int t heerm oren e ce gain add ize t he ef fect s of fer ont hat y ourisnet w ed orkt o t he link b udg et . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Receiver Antenna System Transmission Line Loss

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

The r eceiv enn emand t r ansm line car pow er f rom t he rineceiv ennae,t oofft he Use 8ing 02. ant 1 1a, 80a2.syst 11 b, 8 02.ission 11 g equ ipm enries t m or e successfully y ourin g owant n hom ice, r eceiver inp ut . Just lik e w it h t h e t r ansm it t er ant enna syst em t r ansm ission lin e, som e p ow er is or ou t door env ir onm en t lost in t he cable d ur ing t his p rocess. Th is cable loss su bt r act s fr om t he link b udget . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con ductSensitivity phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) Receiver Threshold

sit e sur v eys

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Each eceiver has" last a t hr- m eshold el—aI nt min im u access. m lev el Licenseof signalfrwee h er t h e r eceiver j usty st ar t sertso cost , rhigh - sp eed ile" w lev ir eless er net weir eless t echnolog deliv oper at e. The r eceiv er can not det ect sig nals below t h is t hr esh old . The r eceiv er ant enna syst t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep honeem or (cable r eceivin g panies. an t ennaWWANs plus t r an sm ission m ust erider a sign t hatand is at or orat abov t hr eshold com enable I nt erline) net ser vicedeliv pr ov s ( I al SPs) corp e eI Tt his m anager s to for t he twhireir eless t o- efficient begin t obop er at e. dA nt et ypwical eshold f or an Mbps access 2 .4 - GHz link deploy ownlink cost r oadban or ktshrt hat deliver h ig11h- speed f orwir bueless ild ings rand eceiver is ar oun d –85 dBm . Th e smaller ( t he mor e n eg at ive) t his nu mb er is, t he m or e sen sit iv e ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost tpr heohib receiv er is. For ex am ple, a r eceiv er t hat has a t hr esh old of – 90 dBm is m or e sen sit iv e t h an it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides a rcom eceiver t hrat h as a t h "r st eshold off in –85 Bm. plet e, ealw orld ar t - t oish "d d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE

• •

Ther e is a t rad eof f bet w een r eceiver sensit iv it y an d r eceiv er dat a rat e. Gen er ally, t he high er t he d at a r at e of t h e r eceiver , t he less sen sit iv e t he receiv er is. For ex am ple, a r eceiver t h at h as a t h r eshold of –85 d Bm at a dat a r at e of 2 megab it s per secon d ( 2 Mb ps) m ight hav e a t hr esh old of only – 80 dBm at a dat a r at e of 1 1 Mbps. I f y ou com par eTable t he of sensit ivitsies of t w o d iff er ent receiv ers, b e sur e you com par e t hem at t he Content sam e dat a rat e ( or ban dw idt h) set t in g. I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Fade Margin Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

The r eason f or calcu lat ing a w ir eless lin k bu dget is t o design and bu ild a reliable w ireless lin k. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Micr owav e signals n or mally int er act w it h m any obj ect s in t h eir en vir onm ent , as discussed Pages: 35 2 t hr ou ghout t h is ch apt er. Ther ef ore, f ading is a nor m al condit ion for all m icr ow ave lin ks. To ov er com e t he ef fect s of t his f ading and t o pr ovid e r eliable serv ice, ev ery micr ow ave link need s a cer t ain am ount of ext r a sig nal, ov er and abov e t he m inim um receiv er t hr eshold lev el. Th is ext r a signal is called t he fad e m ar gin. An ot her t erm som et im es used f or t his ex t r a signal is syst em oper at in g m ar gin ( SOM ) . Most w ireless equ ipm en t m anu fact ur er s r ecom m en d a m in imu m fad e Best pr act f or plan deploy m enle t of band WWANs. m ar gin of ices at least + 10ning dB t and o ensur e r eliab linbr k oad per for m ance. I n g en er al, t h e longer t h e lin k, t he mor e f luct uat ion in sign al levels and t h e gr eat er t he f ade m ar gin need s t o b e. Figur e 2- 2 5 show s a sam ple link bud get calcu lat ion, includ in g t he calcu lat ed f ade m ar gin. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

2 e5 pr . Li Bud a ndw irFa de I M a rnet ginaccess Cal cu la t ion s Lear n Figu how t or epr 2 ov- id of itnk ab le andget r eliable eless nt er Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Conlat duct s an d r pr aded io-ict f r eq uency eys lin k. The 2- m ile long By calcu ing phy t he sical f ade sit m earsur gin,v ey you can t he r eliab( RF) ilit y sit of easur w irveless link show n in Figur e 2- 2 5 h as a f ade m ar gin of + 23 dB. + 2 3 d B is 1 3 d B m or e t han t h e 10 dB License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low fad e m ar gin n eeded t o mak e t h is lin k per for m r eliab ly ; t her ef ore, y ou can conclud e t hat t his link cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s is goin g t o deliver ex cellen t r eliab ilit y . t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib TIit iv Pe. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless SPs and ganizat iones tdeploy outgdoor eless WANscov age of I t is I im por t anot t ther h at or y ou measur h e fadin e gmar in of wir ev er y link t h at yincluding ou inst all. Everen 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s t hou gh t he calculat ed fade m ar gin m ight be 1 0 d B or m or e, it is p ossible t hat

inst allat ion m ist ak es or local noise con dit ions could r ed uce t he perf or man ce of you r r eal- w or ld lin ks. Af t er you m easu r e t he f ade m ar gin, you can be sur e t hat t h e lin k w ill oper at e r eliably . Ch apt er 7, " I nst alling Out door Wir eless Sy st em s," cover s t h e fade m ar gin measur em ent pr ocess in det ail.

• Table Content s Doubling the ofLink Distance •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Dou bling t he d ist an ce of a w ireless lin k requ ires f our t im es m ore sig nal pow er , not t w ice t he By Jack pow erUnger like in t uit ion w ould su ggest . Wir eless signal pow er declines as t he squar e of t h e dist ance cover ed. Dou bling t he d ist an ce of t he w ir eless lin k r eq uir es 2 2 , or four t imes, t he pow er . Fou r t im es t heer:p ower is + 6 dB ( as show n in Figur e 2- 1 3) . Pub lish Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Aft er y ou hav e m easu red t he f ade m ar gin on a link , y ou can p redict h ow f ar t he link can be I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ext end ed . For exam ple, t h e fad e m arg in on t h e 2- m ile 2. 4- GHz link in Figur e 2- 2 5 is + 2 3 dB. Pages: 35 2 Dou bling t he d ist an ce r equ ir es f our t im es ( + 6 d B) m or e pow er . St ar t ing fr om t he 2- m ile f ade m ar gin of + 2 3 d B an d sub t r act in g 6 d B leav es a rem aining fad e m arg in of + 1 7 d B. This is 7 dB m or e t han t he min im um r eq uired fad e m arg in of 1 0 d B; t h er efor e, y ou can dou ble t he dist ance of t his link t o 4 m iles an d st ill h ave a r eliable link . Of cou rse, t hese f ig ur es are t ru e only if bot h t he 2- m ile and t he 4 - m ile link hav e unob st ru ct ed w ireless LOS pat hs. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I f you calcu lat e or m easu re a f ade m ar gin of less t han 1 0 d B ( or w h at ev er v alue of fad e m arg in t he man uf act u rer of y our eq uipm ent r ecomm end s) , you need t o incr ease t h e pow er or r educe Lear in sid rom r y lead t he loss ofn on e orermt ips or e f of t heansyex st perienced em elem enwir t s eless show nind inust Figur e 2- er 2 5. You can in cr ease t he t r ansm it t er pow er, redu ce t he t r ansm ission line loss, use a lar ger ant en na, or u se a m or e st and .t he p rinciples h at un der lie tshw e ill oper at ion of allf ade wir eless sy stand em sim pr ove t he sen sitUnder iv e r eceiver Any of t hese tim p rov ement in crease t he m ar gin r eliabilit y of y our link . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Tips for Planning Long Wireless Links The lon ger a w ir eless link , t he mor e im por t ant it is t o pr oper ly desig n and plan t he link so t hat it w ill pr ov id e y ou w it h r eliab le perf or man ce. Th e follow ing sect ions p rov ide som e r emin ders t o help you plan long er , r eliab le w ir eless link s. Con sider y our lin ks t hat are lon ger t han abou t 7 •m iles ( 1 1 kmTable s ks. ) t o bofeContent long lin •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Antenna Height By Jack Unger

Press As yPub oulish kner:owCisco , t he ear t h is cur ved. The dist ance t o t he r ad io hor izon is 7. 75 m iles ( 1 2. 5 km ) for Pub Dat e: February 200 3 an ant enn a t hat is 26, m oun t ed 30 f t ( 9 m ) abov e t he g rou nd, assum ing a k- f act or of 4/ 3 . I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Lon gerPages: link 35 dist 2 ances r eq uir e t hat y ou m oun t y our ant ennas higher ab ove t he gr oun d t o ex t en d y our r adio hor izon. You can calculat e t h e dist ance in miles t o t he r adio hor izon b y m ult iply in g 1. 41 5 t imes t h e squar e r oot of t he height of y our an t en na ( in f eet ) abov e t he gr ound . You can calcu lat e t he d ist an ce in k ilomet er s t o t h e r adio h orizon by mu lt iplyin g 4 .1 24 t im es t he squar e r oot of t h e height of y our an t en na ( in m et er s) ab ove t he g rou nd. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Fresnel Zone Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er You kn ow t h at a w ir eless w av e needs a clear ance ( Fresnel) zon e fr om ob ject s t hat it p asses close Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s t o. You also k now t hat t he size of t his Fr esn el zone is lar gest in t he m idd le of a w ir eless pat h and t hat tLear he Frnesn el tzone size eases h wr eliable it h longer d ist anI nt ces w it h high er fr equencies. how o pr ov id eincr pr of it ab lebot and w ir eless eran netd access The lon ger ytour link h eect higher ab ove t heand ear tant h you t o be m oun t ed so t hat t he Select he m ost, teff iv e equip ment ennraant sy enn st emas s fneed or y our ar ea par t of you r w ireless w av e closest t o t h e ear t h can main t ain an adequ at e Fresnel zon e clear ance abov eAvt hoid e ear t hm . on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors com Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Atmospheric Refraction (k-Factor) En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et

access t o you r comm un it y

You hav e lear t hat t h e kact or v aries ing on he eless t em per at ur( WI e, tSPs) he w at er v apor , an d Pr act ice nt hed e bu siness prfinciples useddepend b y successf ul twir I SPs t he bar omet r ic pr essu re of t he at m ospher e. The k - fact or is usually gr eat er t han 1, b en ding m icr ow av 8e 02. sig1nals the eart an t ending e rad hor izon beyinond t heowv isual Use 1a, ar 80ound 2. 11 b, and 8h 02. 11d gexequ ipm ent th m or e io successfully y our n homhor e, izon off ice, by apor pr ox at elyenv 15irper cen ouim t door onm entt. Som et im es, how ever , t h e k- fact or can be less t han 1, causing m icr ow av e sig nals t o bend aw ay fr om t h e Ear t h and causing t he r adio hor izon t o be closer t han Ch oose he r .ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k t he visual h ortizon Con duct sicallink sit e, tsur ey s ean d r ad io-off rteq ( RF) sit sur The lon ger a wphy ir eless he vmor r egions h euency at m ospher e tehe wvireys eless w av e passes t h r ough and t h e m ore f r eq uent ly t h e k- f act or chang es. Th ese k - f act or ch anges r esu lt in m ore f r eq uent Licenser eey our b r oadban d wpat ir eless neten w tork s ( WW ANs)need pr ovt oid allow e fast adeploym chang es f in w ir eless h an w d idem orarea e f requ f ading . You h ig her ent fad eof low cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s m ar gin. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Link Budget and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides You r eme, emr ealber w t hat eliab ir eless r equ ir es each erion, t o ran eceive signal t hat s f or com plet orlda "rst ar t -le t o-wf in ish " dlink esign, inst allat ion ,r eceiv oper at d supapor t in for m atfition bot h of t hI SPs e follow condit ions: ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless and ing ot her or ganizat 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I s abov e t h e receiv er t hr eshold I s high enou gh abov e t he t hr eshold t o fade ( usually at least 1 0 d B) an d st ill r emain abov e t he t hr esh old The t ran sm it t er p ower , t r ansm ission lin e loss, an t enna gain, an d receiv er sen sit iv it y m ight need t o be adj ust ed t o m aint ain an adequat e fade mar gin . The long er you r w ireless lin k, t he m or e v ariat ion in sig nal st r en gt h and t h e m ore f ade m ar gin y ou n eed. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex A r u le- of - t hum b t hat I lik e t o u se is t o ad d 1 d ecibel of add it ion al f ade m ar gin ( abov e t he De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks or iginal 1 0 dB) f or ever y add it ion al m ile beyon d 10 miles of link dist ance. By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press Long-Link Strategies Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: ully 1- 58 705 -0 69n, -2 p lan , inst all, and t est long link s, consid er doing some ( or all) of t h e To su ccessf desig Pages: follow ing : 35 2

Get help f rom w ir eless equ ip m en t v endor s t o select equipm ent and ant enn a sy st em s w it h app rop riat e fade mar gin s. Best pr actsu ices f oranced plan ning and deploy m en t of br boad band WWANs. Con lt adv wir eless eng in eer ing t ext ooks ( see t h e book s in App en dix B, " Wir eless Har dw ar e, Soft w ar e, and Serv ice Prov ider Or g anizat ions" ) . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Con su lt w it h people ( bot h p aid an d u npaid ) w ho hav e m or e hand s- on w ir eless exp er ien ce tUnder han yst ouand do.t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s ILear nst all t h e lin caridefu llyof ; itpab ay lepar t icular at t ent t o mou ingaccess t h e ant enn as fir m ly and n how t o ks pr ov e pr and r eliable w irion eless I nt ernt net aligning t h em cor r ect ly . Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Allow m or e t ime t o t est lon ger w ir eless link s b ef ore placin g t hem int o ser vice. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Mon it or you r long link s t o b e sur e t hat t hey ar e pr ov iding r eliable ser vice. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e jou rn ey . Alt h ough long w ir eless lin ks requ ir e y ou t o spend m or e t im e and energ y tEn o joy do itt hreigsat ht , isf t he ewar for iding y ou in ion art e ant ial un and actrion ofds p rov w irpersonal eless I n tsat ernisf et act access o subst you r comm it ylong last in g. Hav e fu n w it h w ireless—af t er all, w het her y ou r ealize it or n ot , w ir eless is hav ing fu n w it h y Prou. act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: •

How d oes t he w av elengt h of a w ireless sign al chang e as t he fr equency of t he sign al Table of Content s incr eases?

•

I ndex

De pl oy2 ing cense - Fr e le sssign W i deal - Ar e a Ne tw or : LiWhen a ee 2 .W 4-irGHz encount er ks s an

obst r uct ion, wh at h appens?

By Jack Unger

3:

Does ionosph er ic r eflect ion occu r at micr ow ave f r eq uencies?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

4:

How is w ir eless pow er m easu red?

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 705 -0 69r -2 5I:SBN:I n1- 58 t he abb ev iat ion dBm , w hat does t he " m" st and for ? Pages: 35 2

6:

I f 1Wat t equals + 30 d Bm, t hen 2W equ als how m an y dBm ?

7:

The m ain lobe of a non- isot r opic an t en na r ad iat es p ow er in w hich dir ect ion?

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. A. I n one hor izont al dir ect ion Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er B. I n t w o hor izont al dir ect ions Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s C. Eq ually in all hor izont al d ir ect ions Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access D . Bot h A an d C Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea 8 : I f you can st and at on e ant enn a and see t he an t en na at t h e ot her end of a w ir eless , do you ave encount a line- of-ersight ireless h? net w or k oper at ors Av oidlink com m on p ithfalls ed b ywnew w irpat eless 9 : Trize ipling he d ist an noise ce on and an un r uct linkw rork equir es in creasing t he p ower Minim t he tef fect s of intobst er fer en ed ce w onir yeless our net how man y t im es? En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 3. Choosing Your Network Architecture •This chap t er Table s helpsofyContent ou ev aluat e t he fou r m ajor wir eless net w or k ar chit ect u res an d choose t h e •m ost app r oprI ndex iat e arch it ect ur e f or y our n et w or k . Specif ically , t h is ch apt er does t h e follow ing: De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Descr ibes f our w ir eless net w or k arch it ect ur es: poin t - t o- point , point - t o- mu lt ipoint , cellular, and m esh

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub ExDat plains e: February t he adv 26, 200 ant3ages

and disadv ant ag es of each of t hese archit ect ur es

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pr ovid es ex am ples of each ar ch it ect ur e Pages: 35 2 Assist s y ou in ev aluat ing , dr aft in g, an d d esign in g you r ow n w ir eless net w or k using one or m or e of t he f our ar chit ect ur es

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Point-to-Point Architecture The p oint - t o- p oint ar chit ect ur e is t he sim plest of all f our w ir eless net w or k ar ch it ect ur es. I t connect s one sing le point t o an ot her single p oin t , as illust r at ed b y Figur e 3- 1 . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Figu r e 3 - 1 . Poi nt -t o-Poin t Ar chit ect u r e

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Advantages of Point-to-Point Architecture

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The ad van t ages of poin t - t o- point ar chit ect u re in clu de t h e follow ing pr ocesses t hat are f ast er , Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea simp ler , an d less cost ly w h en com par ed t o ot her w ir eless net w ork archit ect ur es: Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Ant enn a select ion Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Lin e- of - sig ht ( LOS) det erm inat ion En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Sit e sur v ey s Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Har dw ar e cost s Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou tydoor Facilit costenv s ir onm en t Ch oose he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k I nst allattion Con Testduct in g phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licenseee tb r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Supf rpor cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Antenna Selection deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Point - tito-ivpoint w ir eless n et w or Fr k see should use Widedir ect Area ion al Net antw enn w henev ossible. ion al pr ohib e. Deploy ing LicenseWir eless or kas s is t he f irer st pbook t hatDir pr ect ov ides ant sign ju st one d irect ion. Th isatdir ectan iv dit ysup has t wt oinimp comenn pletas e, focus r eal- wand orldr adiat " st aret - t he o- f in ishal " dinesign, inst allat ion , oper ion, por for mort atant ion f or adv ant agI es: axim nal st ion r ensgtdeploy h and in mginim g noise picku p. I nincluding a poin t - t cov o- poin t of w ireless SPs mand otizing her orsig ganizat outizin door wir eless WANser age net w11a, or k, each oin t.1n1g, eedsand t o rpradiat e aary sig nal only e kdir ion; t her ef- neut or e, rev point - t o-s 80 2. 802 .1endp 1b, 802 opr iet - pr ot in ocol n eton w or s.ect This v endor al ery book cover

point net w or k should use a dir ect ional ant enna at each en dpoint . Select ing a d ir ect ional an t en na is a sim ple, st r aig ht f orw ar d pr ocess com par ed t o select ing an an t enna for a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k, for ex am ple.

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Ch apt er I ndex 5, " Select in g An t en na Sy st ems, " con t ains m or e infor m at ion about ant enn a ( om ni) an t en nas in point - t oBy Jackpoint Ungernet w or k s. Om nis m inim ize cost and sh or t en t h e inst allat ion pr ocess sligh t ly, but t hey ar e m or e suscept ib le t o int er fer ence and t hey cause un necessary in t er f er ence t o otlish her ir eless Pub er:wCisco Pressnet w or ks. Alw ay s use dir ect ion al ant en nas f or bot h ends of p oint - t opoint link s. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i deur - Arge e a tNe or ks select ion. Please resist t he o tw use om nidir ect ional

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

LOS Determination Bet w een each net w or k locat ion , y ou need a w ir eless LOS pat h. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

NO TE

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Rem em b er f r om Ch apt er 2, " Und er st and in g W ir eless Fun dam en t als, " t hat a w ir eless LOS h mteans t hid ate tpr h er is bot h anr eliable u nobst w r uct ed v isual at haccess and an u nobst r uct ed Lear pat n how o pr ov ofeit ab le and ir eless I nt erpnet Fresnel Zone clear ance bet w een t he t w o ant enn as. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A p oint - t o- p oin t w ir eless net w or k r eq uir es only one LOS pat h. Because only on e pat h is n eeded, izeoft he fect s of noise ce on our net w ork conf irMinim m at ion t hisefsingle LOS p atand h is int a f er airfer ly en q uick pr yocess. Mor e comp lex n et wor k ar ch it ect u res r equir e t h e con fir m at ion of m any sim ult aneous LOS pat hs; t his conf irm at ion is a joy sat isf of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y longerEn , m orteh e comp lexactp ion r ocess. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Site Surveys Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ther e ar e t w o t y pes of sit e sur v ey s: Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con A phy duct sical physi sical t e su sitrv e ey sur— v ey Should s an d be r adpioerffrorm eq uency ed for( RF) ev er sit y locat e surion v eys on a w ireless n et wor k LicenseA ra f r di eeob fr r oadban eq ue ncy d w (irRF) eless sitweidesurarea v ey — netShould w ork s (be WW p er ANs) f ormpred ovfor id e each fast deploym hub sit e ent on aof low cost , w high ireless - sp eed net "wlast ork- m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost NO pr ohib it ivTE e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Ch apt er 4, " Per for mor ing Sit e Sur s," descr ibesdoor in det h owWANst o p erincluding f orm bot hcov t y pes of of w ireless I SPs and ot her ganizat ion sv ey deploy in g out wirail eless er age sit e sur vey s. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

A p oint - t o- p oin t w ir eless net w or k r eq uir es t hat you per for m p hy sical sit e sur v ey s f or only t h e t w o n et wor k end point s. Neit her endp oint is a w ir eless hub sit e t hat w ould r eq uire a m or e com plex and t ime- consum ing RF sit e sur v ey . I t is fast er and less com plex t o perf or m t he sit e sur vey s r eq uir ed f or a p oint - t o- p oin t n et w or k t h an for m ost ot h er w ir eless ar chit ect ur e. •

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• Hardware Costs I ndex De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The end point of a p oin t - t o- p oin t n et w or k com m unicat es w it h on ly one ot h er en dpoint . Com par e By Jack Unger t his t o t h e mor e com plex hu b sit e of a point - t o- mu lt ip oint net w ork t hat com m unicat es w it h 2 t o 30 (Pub or lish m er: or e) end point s. I f only a few n et w or k endp oint s n eed t o b e connect ed , har dw ar e and Cisco Press soft w ar e cost s ar e low er f or poin t - t o- poin t net w or k equip ment w hen com par ed t o m or e com plex Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 net w or k ar ch it ect u res. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

Facility Costs Facilit y cost s include t he f ollow ing : Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Rent in g or leasing space for w ir eless equip ment Lear t ips f rom perienced wir eless ind ust y lead Rent nin in g sid or er leasing t ow eranorexr oof sp ace for w ir eless antrenn as er Under st and t he rinciples uner dersylie t h es oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Elect rical p ow er pan d backutph at p ow st em t o pr oftit- ab and eliable elessrequ I nt er netless access TheseLear costns how are low erov inidae ppr oin t o-le p oin t nr et w or k ,wwirhich ir es eq uipm ent space, r ooft op space, and back up pow er. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Installation

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork I nst allat ion cost s ar e low er in a point - t o- point net w or k becau se you need t o inst all on ly t w o Enkjoy t h eoin sat act ion uent of p ly rovmiding w in ir eless n t ern t o you net w or endp t s,isfconseq inim iz g t he Icost s et for access t he f ollow ingr: comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) I nst allin g t he w ir eless eq uipm ent Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door envant ir onm en t ant enn a cabling , and ant enn a m oun t ing har dw ar e I nst allin g t he en nas, oose r ight net w or ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k ICh nst allintghet he am plifier s k( ifarused) Con e sur eyocess s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Manduct agingphy t hesical in stsit allat ionv pr License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Testing t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Test in g t is an own essent ial- efficient st ep f or bev er y newd w ir eless w ork . Testhing isspeed necessar y t o fensur e tings h at deploy h eir cost r oadban n et w or k snet t hat deliver ig haccess or bu ild tand he net w ork is ready pr ov w ide r eliab leect wiriveless Theplet t est ocess for a or point - t o- point ar eas w here t radtitoional ir ed conn it y is serv eit h ice. er com elyprunav ailable is cost net w oritkivise.shor t er ing andLicenseless com comp ared t o Area t he t est a m tor e com pr ohib Deploy Frplex ee Wir eless WideNetpwrocess or k s isneed t he fed ir stf orbook hat pr ovplex ides ar ch plet it ecte, u re. com r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Support Net w ork mon it orin g an d n et wor k sup por t ar e n ecessar y f unct ions in ever y w ireless net w ork . A license- fr ee net w or k can ex per ience sud den t hr ough put det erior at ion cau sed by n oise, int er fer en ce, an t en na pr oblem s, an d equ ipm en t p rob lem s. I t is less exp en siv e t o su ppor t a sm all point - t o- point net w or k t han it is t o sup por t a larg er , m or e com plex net w ork archit ect ur e. •

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I ndex Disadvantages of Point-to-Point Architecture De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Man y su ccessf ul n et wor k d ep loy m ent s ev en t ually r esult in an ex pansion of t he n et w or k t o ser v e m or e en d user s. The d isad van t ages of a p oint - t o- p oin t n et wor k ar chit ect ur e occu r because t his lish er:pCisco Press expPub ansion rocess inclu des sev er al r eq uir em ent s t h at m igh t b e diff icu lt or cost ly t o sat isfy . Th ese r eq uir Pubem Datent e: February s in clu de 26, 200 t he3 follow in g: I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

LOS pat h av ailabilit y Backb one ban dw idt h av ailab ilit y Ant enn a sy st em ex pansion Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. A low - n oise h ub sit e Abilitny int osid upg Lear er rad t ipse f equipm rom an ent ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

LOS Path Availability

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

All curSelect r en t licen f ree ir eless net wment or ks op er at e enn in t ah esymsticr equency t he sem ost effwect iv e equip and ant emow s ave f or yfrour ar ea r ange and t r ansm it at r elat iv ely low pow er lev els. W hen a m icr ow ave sig nal encoun t er s an obst r uct ion, t he signalAv exoid percom iences bin encount at ion of er t hed e follow ing:w ir eless net w or k oper at ors m ona pcom it falls b y new Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork At t enu at ion En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Reflect ion Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Dif fr act ion Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, I n ev ery case, sign al isenatt t enu at ed ( r educed in p ower ) . Usually, t he at t enu at ed signal is t oo or ou t doort he env ir onm w eak t o p rov ide a r eliable w ir eless link . To p reserv e enoug h sign al st r en gt h t o pr ovide a r eliab le link , itChisoose im por t an t t o hav ank unob ru ur ct ed LOS patw h irbeless et w een t he r ight net we or ar ch itstect e f or y our netnwetorwor k k end point s. Ty pically ex pand g a sit point - t opoint w or s in it becom point - t o- m u lt ip oin t Con,duct phyin sical e sur v ey s an net d r ad io-k f r esult eq uency ( RF) sit e ing sur a v eys net w or k. Point - t o- m ult ip oin t ar chit ect ur e is descr ibed in m or e det ail in t he next sect ion, but Licensebr iefly , itf r consist ee b r oadban s of one d whirub eless locat w ion ide-tarea h at conn net wect orks st o( WW m ore ANs) t han pr ov one id e end fastuser deploym locat ion. ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ex pan benefit sion of sa wpitoint - t op oinirin t ngett wor k intofo pr a point u lt ipices ointpnrov et wor is nlocal ot p ossible if LOS t hese h out requ h e use od uct-st oormserv idedk by t elep hone or pat h s com do not ex ist WWANs b et w eenenable on e ofI nt t heerold ointpr s ov and alls (( or m ost ) ofcorp t he orat newe end cable panies. net endp ser vice ider I SPs) and I T muser anager s t o locat ions. Detown ermcost ining- efficient if t he need ed LOSd pat exist requdeliver ires sitheigsur v ey s and som fet esild ings deploy t h eir b r oadban n eths w or k s t hat h- speed access orimbu rand eq uir t esttin g.it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ares easpat w hhere rad pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

TI P When per for m ing sit e su rv eys for a new poin t - t o- point w ir eless net w ork , alw ay s evalu at e each net w or k endp oin t t o see if it cou ld ser ve as a f ut ur e h ub sit e for an exp anded point - t o- mu lt ipoint net w ork . For ex amp le, a sit e t hat is m ost ly su rr ou nded by t rees and near by h ills w ou ld hav e f ew LOS pat h s in ot her dir ect ions. Th e sit e w ould not be a good candid at e for a fu t ur e hu b locat ion. •

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Backbone Bandwidth Availability By Jack Unger ThePub exlish pansion of a p oin t - t o- poin t n et w or k t o becom e a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k requ ires er: Cisco Press add it ion al back bone band wid t h at t h e hub sit e t o meet t h e needs of t h e addit ional users. Th is Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 back bone bandw id t h m igh t b e eit h er LAN b andw idt h ( in t he case of a cor por at e net w ork ) or I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 I nt er net access b andw idt h ( in t he case of an I nt er net serv ice pr ovid er [ I SP] ) . A p oin t - t o- poin t 35 2 net w orPages: k t hat does not hav e ad dit ional b ack bon e band w idt h available cann ot b e easily exp anded.

Antenna System Expansion Best deploy m en t kofser br oad The hpr ubact sitices e off or a pplan oin tning - t o- mand ult ipoint net w or v es band m anyWWANs. users in sever al dif fer en t d ir ect ions, oft en using dif fer en t r adios an d d iff er ent fr equencies. A hu b sit e ant en na sy st em con sist s of sev er Lear al ant as. a point t opoint net w oreless k needs t o be ex panded, addit ion al ant enn a n enn in sid er When t ips f rom an -ex perienced wir ind ust r y lead er space m ight be d if ficult t o ob t ain f or t h e follow ing reasons: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s The sp ace m otebpr e of phy sically avrailab le on he r ooft Lear n how t oigh pr tovn id it ab le and eliable w irteless I nt op. er net access Building mm anag ht not allow addit becau searofeacon cer ns ab out t he Select t he ost em eff ent ect ivme igequip ment and antional enn a ant sy stennas em s f or y our bu ild in g' s appear ance. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors The cost of leasing addit ional r ooft op space m ig ht be t oo high t o be af for dab le. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Zoning r egulat ions mig ht lim it t he nu mb er , heig ht , or appear ance of r ooft op ant enn as. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

TI UseP8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t When y ou n eg ot iat e an agr eem ent t o inst all a point - t o- point ant enn a syst em , t r y t o include t owin addit ion n eeded, Ch oose perm t he r ission ight net orstk all ar ch it ect ural e fant or enn y ouras, w irifeless net winortkh e fu t ur e. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Low-Noise Hub Site cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Pr opercom oper at ion of a w ireless net Iwntork occur on lyprwh t hse( IwSPs) ireless ipm en ter Ieceiv es a s t o cable panies. WWANs enable er net sersvice oven ider andequ corp orat T m anager signal t hat is su bst ant ially st r onger t h an t h e noise and int er fer en ce. A st ron g sign al alone oes deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ildd ings not m ake a w ir eless lin k w ork well; a st ron g sign al t og et h er wit h a low noise lev el m ak e a and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost w w ork ing well. I n ot her w or ds,eless a h igh rat io of sig t o- ntoise r atov io,ides or prireless ohib it ivlin e.kDeploy LicenseFr ee Wir WideArea Netnal w ort ko snoise is t he( signalf ir st book hat pr SNR) m akes t h e net w ork wor k w ell. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE Noise is ev ery t hin g t hat is n ot t he desired sig nal. Noise inclu des un desir ed sign als, indu st rial noise, n at ur al n oise, and so f or t h.

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A p oint - t o- p oin t n et wor k u ses a dir ect ional ant enna t hat is aim ed t ow ar d only one ot her I ndex ant enn a. This d irect ivit y m ax im izes t h e r eceived sig nal an d m inim izes int er ference an d n oise De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks com in g f r om all ot h er direct ions. •

By Jack Unger

Upgr ading a point - t o- point net w ork t o a point - t o- mu lt ipoint net w ork result s in changin g t he ant enn a er: sy st em Press f r om a v er y dir ect ional one t o a less dir ect ional one. The n ew ant enna cover s a Pub lish Cisco w ider ar ea; t her efor it 3pick s up m or e noise and int er fer en ce. I f t he new lev el of int er fer en ce Pub Dat e: February 26,e,200 and noise is t oo high , t he SNR m ight be t oo low f or r eliable p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t op er at ion. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

TI P e ices it a fhab it alw ays and t o look an dmpen lan ahbr ead . When y ou p er f orm a ph ysical sit e Best Mak pr act or plan ning deploy t of oad band WWANs. sur vey f or a point - t o- p oint n et wor k , consider per for m ing r adio f requ en cy ( RF) sit e sur vey s also. By exam ining t h e lev el of w ir eless noise, y ou can d et er m ine if t he noise Lear nisinlow sid er t ips an exaperienced wir lead er level enou ghf rom t o allow point - t o- m ulteless ipointind huust b troy be p laced t her e in t he f ut ur e. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Ability to Upgrade Equipment

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea The f eat ur es and config ur at ion capab ilit y of w ir eless equip ment v aries w idely. I t is alw ays good oidw ir com m on p it falls edt hb row y new oray k oper at ors t o re-Av use eless equipm entencount inst eaderof ing worir eless givin gnet it waw w hen t he net w or k is up gr aded. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Som e point - t o- point equipm ent can b e r econf igur ed t o w or k in a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k, joyeqt huipm e satent isf act p rov iding w ir eless n t ern et access o you r comm it y net w ork bu t otEn h er canion notofb e r econf igur ed. I f yIou ex pect t h at yt our point - t o- pun oint m ight need t o be u pgr aded t o a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k, be sur e t o select equipm ent t hat Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) has reconfig ur at ion cap abilit y . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Examples of When to Use Point-to-Point Architecture Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

The f ollow in g ex am ples descr ibe sit uat ions in w h ich a p oint - t o- p oin t ar chit ect ur e is t he m ost Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys app rop riat e ch oice. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Two Only t hese Network benefit s wLocations it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t hpoint eir own cost - efficient b r oadban n ethav w orekonly s t hatt wdeliver h ig h-tspeed access bu ild Point - t oarchit ect ur e is b est wh en ydou o locat ions hat need t o bef orconn ectings ed t rad it lik ional conn it y is eit unav or isit ect cost and tar h eas e netwwhere ork most ely w wirillednot be ect expivanded in hter he com f ut urplet e. ely Point - t o-ailable point arch ur-e pr inim ohib izes it iv e.t h Deploy License-ent Fr eet im Wir WideArea Netel w or k s is f ir sty book t hat pr ov m e costing s, deploym e,eless an d ex per ien ce lev need edt he t o get our net w ork u pides and rcom unnplet ing.e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Longer-Than-Normal Links I f you n eed a net w or k link t h at is long er t han nor m al, point - t o- point ar ch it ect u re is t he best choice.

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Table of Content s

NO TE I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ahh h, b ut j ust how long is a nor m al link , y ou ask ? I n gener al, a n orm al link can be as shor t as one block or as lon g as 10 m iles ( 1 6 k m ) .

By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

I f you Iar e plan a -2 link t hat is lon ger t han n orm al, such as a 1 5- or a 3 0- m ile ( 24- t o 48- k m ) SBN: 1- 58ning 705 -0 69 back bone lin k, p lan on p oin t - t o- poin t . A lon g link need s t he f ollowin g: Pages: 35 2 High- g ain an t ennas t o focu s all t he sign al st r en gt h t ow ar d t he ot her end Dir ect ion al ant enn as t o r educe t h e int er fer en ce an d noise com ing f rom all ot her dir ect ion s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Ant enn as m ount ed high ab ove t he gr oun d t o pr ev en t t h e ear t h f rom in t r uding int o t he Fresnel zon e Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The an t enna sy st ems used f or a p oint - t o- m ult ipoin t n et w or k ar e t oo br oad t o use on a lon g st and p rinciples at un lie t heir h e oper at ion point -Under t o- point linkt .heTheir gain ist ht oo lowder and beam w idtofh all is twir oo eless wid e sy t o st p em rov side t he high signal st r engt h an d low noise t hat a long p oin t - t o- poin t link n eeds. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

High Noise Level

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors When a p art icular locat ion has a high noise level, it is lik ely t hat only a point - t o- p oint lin k w ill t heion. ef fect of noise intion er fer en cet he on hig y our wnal ork levels an d low er noise levels w or k Minim at t hatize locat A shigh - noiseand locat n eeds hernet sig t hat only a dir ect ional high - gain ant enna can p rov ide. A point - t o- mu lt ip oint ant enna syst em joy h e sateisfby acttion p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y w ouldEnbe ovtercom he nofoise. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

PathUse Obstructions 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Of t en, a sit e h as m any n ear by ob st ru ct ion s, su ch as t all m ount ains or t all sur r ound ing building s. r ight or kanarendp ch it ect y our -wt oir eless k or ev en as an en dpoint on A sit eCh likoose e t hist he m igh t wnet or kwas oinurt eonf or a point point net netwwor ork a p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k . The sit e m igh t n ot b e a good locat ion for a point - t o- mu lt ipoint Con hu b sit e. duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Point-to-Multipoint t hese benefit s w it h out requArchitecture irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy A p oint -t thoeirm own ult ip oin costt -wefficient ir eless net b r oadban w or k can d nbetewan or keconom s t hat deliver ical w ay h igofh-pr speed ov iding access connect f or ivit bu ild y fings r om and a sing arle eas hub w here sit e ttorad man it ional y end w iruser ed conn locatect ions. iv it yThise eit w ireless h er com eqplet uipm elyenunav t at ailable t he huborsitise cost is r ef - err ed tpr o ohib as t he it iv access e. Deploy point ing .LicenseTh e eq uipm Fr ee ent Wir eless at each WideendArea u ser Net locat w or ion k sisisgenerally t he f ir st book r efer red t hatt opras ov ides t he com om cust pleter e, pr r ealem ises w orld equ " stipm ar tent - t o- (f in CPE) ish " or d esign, clien t inst equallat ip m ent ion., Point oper at - t ion, o- m ult anipoint d sup por ar ch t in it ect for ur m at e is ion f or w ireless oft en used, I SPs f orand exam ot her p le,ort oganizat pr ov ide ionconnect s deploy ivit in yg bet out w door een wir buildin elessgsWANst h at ar including e locat edcov in er a age camof pus 80 2.iron env 11a, ment 802. .1 Anot 1b, h802 er u.1se1g, of and pointpr- topr o- miet u lt ary ip oint - pr otar ocol chitnect et w uror e kiss.t oThis pr ovid v endor e w ir - neut elessr alI ntbook er netcover s

access ser v ice fr om one I SP locat ion t o m any end user locat ion s. Depending on t he num ber of locat ions t hat need t o be con nect ed , t he h ub sit e mig ht be div ided in t o sever al sect or s t o incr ease n et w or k capacit y .

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NO TE Table of Content s Think ofI ndex a sect or as one slice of a w hole pie. Each sect or faces in on e specif ic dir ect ion in t hat dir ect ion.

De pl oy ing Li cense ee Wt h ir e ss Wsi de a Ne tw or ks and serv es- Fr only eleuser w-hAroear e locat ed By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Each sect or u su ally has it s ow n dedicat ed r adio, ant enna syst em , and fr equency . Figur e 3- 2 Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 show s a diagr am of a t yp ical point - t o- m u lt ip oint n et wor k w it h no sect or izat ion. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 3 - 2 . Poi nt -t o-M u lt ipoi nt Ar chi t e ct u r e ( N o Sect or iz at ion ) Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Figur e 3- 3 sh ows a diag ram of a t y pical poin t - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k w it h a t hr ee- sect or hu b sit e. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Figu r e 3 - 3 . Poi nt -t o-M u lt ipoi nt Ar chi t e ct u r e ( Th r ee Sect or s)

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er A p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k can hav e one t o six ( or m or e) sect or s. Most n et w or k s hav e t w o or t hr ee Under sect orsts.and Alt hou no sp ecific exist d eciding owallmwir anyeless sect sy or sst tem o bu t he gh p rinciples t h atr ules un der lie t hfor e oper at ion hof s ild , it is im por t ant t o p lan t o m eet bot h t he cu rr ent and t he f ut u re band wid t h n eeds of you r users. I f y ou hav e Lear 10 0 nheavy s iton 11- megab secon d er ( Mbp w ireless n et wor k , y ou how tbousiness pr ov id euser pr of ab an le and r eliableit wper ir eless I nt net s) access should plan t o build mor e t han one 11 - Mbp s sect or t o av oid n et w or k cong est ion and slow per forSelect m ance. t he I f,mon ostt heff e ot ecther iv e han equip d, ment y ou hav and e only ant enn f ive a sy r esid st em enst ial f oruser y ours on ar ea an 1 1- Mb ps net w or k , one sect or m ight be enou gh t o m eet t h e band w id t h need s of t hese users. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Advantages of Point-to-Multipoint Architecture

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The ad van t ages of poin t - t o- m ult ipoint ar ch it ect u re ar e as follow s: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8ef 02. 1 1a, b, and Cost fect ive 80 f or2.m11 any u ser 8s 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Scalable Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Op en f or t he t est ing of new t echnolog y Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Cost Effective for Many Users cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Point o- mu lt ip ointWWANs archit ect ur e isI a - eff ect iv e pr w ay t o ser m any users centsr talo cable- tcom panies. enable nt cost er net ser vice ov ider s (vI e SPs) andend corp orat ef r Iom T mone anager sit e; all t h e en d u ser s shar e t h e sam e cent r al sit e equip ment . When a n ew user need s t o b deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ildeings add t o t he n et wt or t he only newconn equect ip m t heit at hner eeds beely purunav chased is f orort hat one- n ew and ed ar eas w here radk ,it ional w ir ed iv en it yt is comt oplet ailable is cost user. No new hub sit e eq uipm ent is need ed . Com par e t h is t o a point t opoint net w or k inov w ides h ich pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr tcom w o plet r ad ios wou ld b e needed if one n ew user need ed conn ect iv it y t o an ex ist ing p oin t t opoin e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at iont f or w ireless w ork w ireless Inet SPs and. ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Scalable A p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k is easily scaled u p f or m or e users. Ever y t im e a n ew hub sit e r adio ( or h ub sit e sect or ) is ad ded, sever al end user locat ion s can b e added.

Open for Testing of New Technology • Table of Content s •

I ndex

A - t om ult -ipFroin t niret orWk i de t h -at Dep ploint oy ing Li cense ee W e lewss Ar ehaas Neatwsect or ksorized hub sit e m akes t h e t est in g an d in t r oduct ion of up gr aded h ar dw ar e or soft w ar e possible. For ex am ple, w it h a t h ree- sect or h ub, n ew soft w ar e By Jack Unger can be inst alled and t est ed on j ust on e of t he t h r ee sect ors. End users on t h e ot her t w o sect or s can con t inue t o use t h e older soft w ar e un t il t he n ew soft w ar e has b een t est ed and v erif ied. When lish soft er: Cisco t he Pub new w ar Press e pr ov es t o b e st able, it can be inst alled on t h e ot her t w o sect or s. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 Disadvantages of Point-to-Multipoint Architecture

The d isad van t ages of point - t o- m ult ipoint ar ch it ect ur e, w hen comp ared t o point - t o- p oint ar ch it ect u re, includ e t he f ollowin g: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Band wid t h man agement Lear n inasid er t ips Ant enn select ion f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s LOS det er min at ion Lear how Sit e nsur v ey tso pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access oste eff ectsiv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea ISelect nit ial ht he ardm war cost Av oid ycom mson p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Facilit cost Minim izeion t hecost ef fect I nst allat s s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy Test in gt h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr actpor icet t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Sup Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Bandwidth Management

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k The b andw idt h m an agement pr ocess is m or e com plex wit h in a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k because any phy u ser s arsit e shar p oin t (uency or sect( RF) or ) ban h. Conm duct sical e surinvgeytsheanaccess d r ad iof r eq sit edw suridt v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high -Selection sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Antenna t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Access point ant en na select ion is m ore d em an ding in a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k. I f t h e ar ea deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings t o be cover ed is a r elat iv ely sm all ar ea ( on e mile [ 1 . 6 k m ] in diam et er , f or ex amp le) and if t he and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost nu mb er of en d u ser s is sm all ( for ex am ple, 20 or less) , a simp le one- sect or access p oint u sin g pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides an om nidir ect ional ant enna m ight be all t hat is need ed . Mor e oft en , how ever , t h e follow ing com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or condit ions are pr esent : w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The ar ea t o be cov ered is sev eral miles/ km in d iam et er w it h t rees, buildin gs, or ot h er obst r uct ions p r esent . The n um ber of end users is 20 or m or e, and t he n um ber of end user s is ex pect ed t o incr ease.

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The lev el of in t erf erence is h ig h, as it likely w ill be if ot h er u nlicen sed net w ork s ex ist in t he sam e general ar ea. Table of Content s

•When any of Itndex h ese cond it ions occu r s, pr oper desig n and select ion of t he ant enna syst em De pl oy ing Li cense ee W ir e le ssim W por i de -tAr e a. Ne tw or ks er com ponent s ar e- Fr especially ant I mp rop

ant enna desig n or select ion lim it s net w or k tBy hrJack ou ghpu Ungert an d pr ev ent s t h e net w or k fr om d eliv er ing sat isf act or y w ir eless serv ice. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

LOS PubDetermination Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

The r equ ir em en t f or LOS pat h s t o all t he p ot en t ial end users com plicat es t he select ion of a h ub Pages: 35 2 sit e locat ion f or a p oint - t o- m ult ipoin t n et w or k . The t im e n eeded t o v er if y t he ex ist en ce of t hese line- of- sigh t pat hs can be subst an t ial. The m or e pot ent ial en d u ser s t h at ar e on t he n et wor k , t h e m or e t ime t hat w ill be needed t o v er if y LOS. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

NO TE Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er As t h is ch apt er is being w r it t en , m any w ir eless m anuf act ur er s h ave begun t o adv er t ise Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s w ireless eq uipm ent w it h near - line- of- sight or n on- line- of- sigh t ( b ot h ab br eviat ed as NLOS) capabilit is v agu and is Lear n how t o pries. ov idThe e prNLOS of it ab defin le andit ion r eliable w ireeless I ntused er netloosely accessat t h is t im e. Few point o-ost mu eff lt ipoint st emand s h ave act uaally anea d op er at ed und er Select t he- tm ect iv eNLOS equipsy ment ant enn sy stbeen em s inst f or alled y our ar r eal- w or ld con dit ions at t he pr esent t ime; t heref ore, it is not yet possib le t o v erif y t he accu r acy ofmt hon ese verencount t isin g claim mor inf or mat Av oid com p itad falls er eds.b yFor new weir eless net ion w or, kplease oper atsee ors t h e NLOS discussion in Ch apt er 6, " Evalu at in g and Select ing Wireless Equip ment ." Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Site Surveys Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Com par t o a1 1a, point o-11 point net 8w02. ork11 , ag point - t o-en mtult net w or k ser m an e e, end Useed8 02. 80- t2. b, and equ ipm mipoint or e successfully inv es y our owynmor hom off ice, users;ort her or e,env t heirnet w en or kt sit e sur vey t im es ar e longer . Mor e im por t ant ly , t h e t im e need ed t o ou tef door onm per for m ad eq uat e h ub sit e su rv eys and t o select t he best h ub sit e locat ion s is longer . Ch apt er 4 descr Ch ibes oose t h et phy he rsical ight net andwror adio k arf ch r eqit uency ect ur e (fRF) or y sit oure w sur ir eless v ey p rnet ocesses. w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Initial Hardware Costs License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s The in benefit it ial hub sititeh out ( access w are s f or a pserv ointices - t o- pmrov ult ided ip oin by t n et w or tkelep ar ehone h ig her t hese s w requ poin irin gt )t hheard use of prcost od uct s or local or tcable han f com or a panies. p oint - t op oin t n et wor k . These high er cost s occur b ecau se of t h e need f or m or e WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to ant enn as, antown enn cost a cables, con nect or s, equ s, pow h erigsup plies, access an d b ack ower deploy t h eir - efficient b r oadban d nipetment w or k scabinet t hat deliver h- speed f orup bupild ings syst s. Oft en , t he cost of t w heir access eless ent ely is also er . Tot har dw and em ar eas w here t rad it ional ed connpoin ect ivt itwyir is eit heq er uipm com plet unavhigh ailable or al is cost - ar e cost s ( including CPE) f or a point t om u lt ip oin t n et wor k w it h 20 user s can r ang e fr om $ 800 0 to pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides m or e t han $1 00, 00 0. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Facility Costs An access point ( hu b) sit e p rob ably cost s m ore t o use p er mon t h t han a p oin t - t o- p oin t sit e. Rent al or leasing r at es m ight be h ig her du e t o t he possible need f or m or e equipm ent and r ooft op ant enn a space, as w ell as t h e gr eat er am ou nt of elect rical pow er consum ed.

•InstallationTable of Content s Costs •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The in st allat ion cost s for a point - t o- m ult ipoint access point sit e are higher t h an for a point - t oBy Jack sit Unger point e. The r eason is sim ple; t he lab or cost is hig her t o in st all mor e equ ip m en t , cabling, ant enn a sy st em s, and pow er sy st em s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Testing I SBN:

1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

An access point in a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k ser v es man y cust omer s locat ed ov er a w ide geogr aph ic ar ea. Th e t est t im e needed t o conf ir m r eliable cover age ov er t his ar ea can be subst an t ial. Reliab le wir eless cov er age r equ ir es m or e t han end users b ein g ab le t o h ear t he access poin t . I t also r equir es t he access point bein g able t o h ear t he end user s. I t m ight t ak e day eekices s, orf ormplan ont hning s t o tand est and adjmust poin t WWANs. so t h at it pr ov id es reliable t w o- w ay Bests,prwact deploy en tanof access br oad band ser v ice t hr ough out t he cov er age area. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Support

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

The su ppor costtso t pr o m - t o- m ult ipoint w orIkntar subst ant ially hig her t han f or a Lear n thow ovaint id e ain pr ofait poin ab let and r eliable w irnet eless erenet access point - t o- point net w or k. These su ppor t cost s in clud e m onit or ing net w ork perf or man ce, m aintSelect aining tnhe et w k har d war r espment onding t o ant possib intsterf erence robar lem mor ost eff ect iv ee,equip and enn le a sy em s f or ypour eas, and m aint aining net w or k secur it y . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Examples of When to Use Point-to-Multipoint Architecture En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Point - t o- mu lt ip oint archit ect ur e is t h e best choice w hen m an y en d user s ar e locat ed in t he sam e generPr alact ar ea, ice tsuch h e buas siness in t h eprsame inciples smused all citbyyorsuccessf in t he ul sam wir e eless par t of I SPs a lar ( WI gerSPs) cit y. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Cellular Architecture When point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or ks ar e conn ect ed t o t h e same backb one net w or k and designed t o allow t he sam e fr equencies t o be r e- used in diff er ent ar eas, t h e r esult is a cellu lar net w or k. The b ackb one net w or k m ight be eit her w ir ed or w ir eless. Figur e 3- 4 sh ows a diag ram of a •cellular n et wor Table of Content k t hat in cluds es t hr ee point - t o- mu lt ipoint net w ork s. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Figu r e 3 - 4 . Ce ll ul ar Ar ch it ect ur e Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Advantages of Cellular Architecture 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The ad van t ages of using a cellular ar chit ect u re are as follow s: Ex pan ds t h e geogr aphical cov er ag e area I ncr eases t he n et wor k capacit y • •

Lev er ages t h e use of net w or k r esou rces Table of Content s

Pr ovid esI ndex r edu ndan t end user cover age

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Allow Ungers

roam ing

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Expands Geographical Coverage Area Pub Dat e:the February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Each point o-2 m ult ipoint net w ork ( or sect or ) wit h in a cellular n et w or k is consider ed t o be one Pages:- t35 cell. A cellular n et w or k w it h m ult iple cells can cover a larg er geogr aphical ar ea t han a sin gle point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k. A w ir eless I n t ern et ser v ice p r ovider ( WI SP) t hat w ant s t o ext end cover age t o a n ew ar ea can ad d a new w ir eless ( or w ir ed ) back bone ln k and t h en inst all one or m or e new w ir eless access point s in t h e new ar ea. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Increases the Network Capacity Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Each addit ion al cell in a cellular net w or k incr eases t he num ber of end users t hat t he n et w or k can st am andple, t heapcellular rinciplesnet t hw atorun t hoe cells oper can at ionser ofv all st em s users as a ser v e.Under For ex k der w it lie h tw e t wwir iceeless as msy any end single p oin t - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Leverages the Use of Network Resources

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A cellular net w or k allows t he shar ing of net w or k r esour ces bet w een larg e nu mb er s of end user s. ize t he ef fect of noise en ce on yadm our inist net w ork TheseMinim r esour ces inclu de sb ack bon e and bandint w er id tfer h net w ork rat ion , m aint enance, and m onit or ing. These r esour ces ar e t y pically su pplied fr om t h e sam e n et wor k h ub locat ion . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Provides Redundant End User Coverage

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t door env onm t t b e desig ned t o ov er lap each ot her . I f cells do ov er lap, end u ser s Cells or in aoucellular n etirwor k en m igh m ight be ab le t o ob t ain ser vice fr om an ad jacen t cell if one cell is t emp orar ily out of ser v ice. he rrequir ight net k aring ch itt he ect ur y our w ir elessThese net w orresour k Som etCh imoose es, t this es rwe-oraim ened fuorser 's ant enna. ces ar e t y pically supp lied fr om t h e same net w ork hub locat ion. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Allows Roaming cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Roam efer s t o WWANs t he capab ilit y ofI nt anerend user t o pr mov e outs (of t he cov ar eae of cell and cable ing comr panies. enable net ser vice ov ider I SPs) anderag corpe orat I T one m anager s to int o t het hcov ag ecost area- efficient of anot her cell w hile r et netdeliver w ork conn iv it y. For ex am cellular deploy eir erown b r oadban d n et wain or kin s gt hat h ig ect h- speed access f orple, bu ild ings tand elepar hone wor kt rad s ariteional designed o p rov ide ingh er capabilit y ely f or unav m obile t eleph user- s. I n eas nwet here w ir ed tconn ect iv itr yoam is eit com plet ailable orone is cost cont r ast , e. only a few t door n Fr et w k s eless t hat ar e used t o Net pr ov netf iraccess sert hat viceproff pr ohib it iv Deploy ingouLicenseeeorWir WideArea wide or k sI nt isert he st book overides rcom oamplet in g. e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE The 8 02. 1 1b access point s t yp ically pr ov ide a roam ing f eat u re. Th is r oamin g f eat ur e w or ks well w it hin sm all, well- desig ned, ind oor w ir eless LANs. This sam e r oamin g feat u re does not u sually pr ovid e sat isf act or y r oam ing bet w een lar ge, out d oor w ireless cells. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger Disadvantages of Cellular Architecture er: Cisco Press TherPub e lish is one p r im ar y disadv ant ag e of a cellu lar ar ch it ect ur e: it is im por t ant t hat nearb y cells r euse Pub t h eDat same sp ect26, r um w it hou t in t er f er ing w it h each ot her . Du ring inst allat ion, it is e: February 200space 3 im por t Iant v erif hat SBN:t o 1- 58 705y-0 t69 -2 m ut u al int er fer en ce b et ween cells is low . Pages: 35 2

Re-Using Limited Spectrum License- f r ee w ir eless ban ds h ave a limit ed am ount of fr equencies ( spect r u m space) . A cellular ar ch itpr ect u re mu st plan be dning esignand ed t deploy o re- u se t his rum space in a non in t er f er ing f ash ion . Cells Best act ices f or m en t ofspect br oad band WWANs. t hat use t h e same fr eq uency ( in a dir ect seq uence spr ead spect r um sy st em ) or t he sam e hop ping seq uence ( in a f requ en cy - hop ping spr ead spect r um sy st em ) mu st be isolat ed f r om each ot h er far sidint er erf t ips f rom ban exeen perienced wir indr ust r y lead enougLear h son tin hat erence et w t h e cells d eless oes n ot educe t h e er t hr oug hpu t of t h e cells. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Verifying That Interference Is Low Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access On e crSelect u cial t ask ur ing heivinestequip allat ion of and a cellu net is st of orident if yarand he md ost efftect ment antlar enn aw syork st em y our ea eliminat e int er fer en ce bet w een cells t hat ar e close t og et her ( and even bet w een cells t h at ar e f ar t her oid ough com m ont est p it falls encount ed binyt erf new w ir eless w or k oper at ors apar t )Av . Thr put in g conf ir ms er t hat er ence bet wnet een cells is low en ough f or sat isf act ory net w or k oper at ion. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Cells t hat use t h e sam e f r eq uency should be t h rou ghp ut - t est ed sim ult aneously . The t est p r ocess joy s: t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y is as fEn ollow Pr h e bu inciples b yload successf ul fwir eless ( WI end SPs)user locat ion t o t he Stact e pice 1 .t Perf orsiness m a t hrprough put tused est ( up a file) rom t he IfSPs ar t hest access poin t locat ion f or one cell. Mak e a not e of t h e t hr oug hput . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or en test adjacent cell t h at u ses t h e same fr equency or h op sequence. Stou e pt door 2 . Goenv t o irt honm e near Perf or m t he sam e t h rou ghp ut t est fr om t h e far t h est en d u ser locat ion t o t h e access point of Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k t he second cell. Mak e a not e of t h e t hr oug hpu t . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys St e p 3 . Perf or m t he t w o t hr ou ghp ut t est s sim ult aneously and not e t he t h rou ghp ut fr om each user locat . I f tw heidet hrarea oughnet putwst ays he sam en d deploym user locat ions Licensef r eeend b r oadban d wion ir eless ork s (tWW ANs)e for pr ovbot id eh fast ent of dur lowing t he sim ult an eou s t est , en ough isolat ion b et w een t he cells ex ist s for sat isfact or y oper at cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv erion. s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or St e ppanies. 4 . I f t he t h r oughp ut bet een her enpr d ov user ion and s cororat respond access cable com WWANs enable I ntwer neteit ser vice iderlocat s ( I SPs) andit corp e I T ing m anager s to point is r educed w h en bot h t est s ar e r unn ing sim ult an eou sly , y ou m ust incr ease t h deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu eild ings bett rad w een t h e access pointect ant sy hster emcom s. I plet ncr easing t he isolator ionismig ht- be as and arisolat eas wion here it ional w ir ed conn iv itenn y isa eit ely unav ailable cost simp le as r ed esign in g on e of t he cell sit e ant enn a sy st em s or as com plicat ed as mov pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ing idest he cell sit e locat ions f ar t her apar t . com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

TI P Be sur e t o allow addit ional t est t im e w hen you ar e bu ild in g and t est ing a cellular net w or k. Take t he t im e needed t o t est an d m inim ize int er fer en ce bet w een cells. Failur e t o con fir m du rin g in st allat ion t hat t he cells do not in t er f er e w it h each ot h er m igh t m ak e it n ecessar y t o int er ru pt ser vice t o t he end user s lat er and t o r edesig n t he net w or k . •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Examples of When to Use Cellular Architecture By Jack Unger Cellular ectPress u re is t he b est ch oice w hen m or e en d u ser s ex ist t han a sing le point - t oPub lishar er:chit Cisco m ultPub ipoint w or k26, can Dat e: net February 200cov 3 er or w hen en d u ser s ar e locat ed in dif ferent geogr aph ical ar eas—ar eas t hat ju69 st-2one point - t o- m u lt ip oint n et wor k cann ot cov er . Cellular ar chit ect ur e is t he I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 m ost f requ en t ly select ed m et hod of ex pan ding a p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k . Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Mesh Architecture Mesh ar chit ect ur e is a m u lt ip oint - t o- m ult ipoin t ar chit ect ur e w it h on e or m or e I nt ern et int er con nect ion p oin t s. I n a m esh net w or k, each net w or k node can connect t o any ot her net w or k nod e t hat is t ur ned on and w it hin wir eless r ang e. Mesh net w or ks are usually deploy ed in areas •w her e m any Table of Content end users areslocat ed relat iv ely close t o each ot her, su ch as f r om one b lock u p t o •one m ile aparI ndex t. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Each esh net w or k node perf or ms t w o f unct ions: By Jack m Unger PubAs lishaer:wCisco Press ir eless r out er / r ep eat er Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

As an end node I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Packet s can t r avel t hr ough sever al int er mediat e wir eless n odes t o r each t h e desir ed en d u ser nod e. I f on e or m or e of t he int er m ediat e nod es is dow n, t h e pack et is dy nam ically r er out ed t hr ou gh ot her int er m ed iat e nodes. Figur e 3- 5 sh ows a diag ram of a m esh ar chit ect u re net w ork . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Figu r e 3 - 5 . M esh Ar chi t ect u r e Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Advantages of Mesh Architecture The ad van t ages of m esh ar chit ect u re are as follow s: Near- line- of - sig ht cov erag e • •

Rou t ingTable reduofndan cy s Content I ndex

pler net ork rocess De pl oySim ing Li cense - Frwee W irdesign e le ss W p i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Sim Unger pler

ant enna inst allat ion

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 Near-Line-of-Sight Coverage I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

A clearPages: LOS35 m2icr ow av e pat h is alw ays desir able b et w een n odes in a w ir eless net w ork . I n m any ar eas, clear LOS pat h s ar e diff icult t o achiev e d ue t o obst r uct ions such as t r ees an d b uilding s. I n ar eas w here LOS p at hs ar e p art ially ob st r uct ed, mesh archit ect ur e m ight allow r eliable connect ivit y . Th is occur s b ecause t h e net w or k nodes ar e p laced close enoug h t oget her t o allow r eliable n ode- t o- nod e- t o- node com m unicat ion in spit e of t he obst r uct ions at t en uat ing t h e sig nal st r en pr gt hs. Th e fdenser t he ob st rudeploy ct ion s,mten het hofigbr her t he signWWANs. al at t enu at ion an d t he closer t og et her Best act ices or plan ning and oad band t he mesh nodes need t o b e placed . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Routing Redundancy

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

In a m eshnnet w or eless n ode a w ir eless r out erI nt orerrepeat er . Oper at ing as a rou t er, Lear how t ok,prev overidyewprir of it ab le andisr eliable w ir eless net access each n ode is capable of d yn amically calculat in g t he best av ailable pat h t o each dist ant nod e. I f one nSelect ode is tdhe owm n ost ( d ue o failur e, being nedant offenn , or absy einstgem b lock y an obst r uct ion) , n et w or k efft ect iv e equip mentt urand s f oredy b our ar ea t r aff ic is r er out ed t hr ou gh ot her near by n odes. This on- t h e- fly r er ou t ing cap abilit y pr ov id es a m easu Av reoid of com n et wor m on k rpout it falls in g encount r edu ndan er ed cy . b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Simpler Network Design Process En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Point -Pr t omu cellular net w or k arbchit ect u res ul r equir e a mod ely com plex net w ork act icelt ip t hoint e buand siness pr inciples used y successf wir eless I SPser(at WI SPs) design pr ocess t o en su re t hat LOS pat hs ex ist b et w een each en d u ser locat ion and t he w ir eless access Use poin 8 02. t . The 1 1a,n et 80wor 2. 11 k b, d esign and 8pr 02. ocess 11 g fequ or aipm mesh en t archit m or e ect successfully ur e net w orink yisour som owew n hat homsimp e, offler ice, . The nor odeouttodoor nodenv e- t oir onm nodeencap t abilit y of a m esh net w or k , w here each node ser ves as a r elay point , sim p lif ies t he net w or k design pr ocess. As long as t h e net w or k desig ner en sur es t hat each heunicat r ight enet k ar ch it on ecteurore ft or net w or k k desig n can pr oceed nod e Ch canoose comt m w itwhorat least w oynour ear w byir eless nodes, net w or w it hout needing t o ver ify t h e exist ence of longer LOS pat hs. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Simpler Installation cost , highAntenna - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Icable n a poin t o- pointWWANs or celluenable lar net wI nt ork archit ur e, ormeally uses an s t o comt -panies. er net serect vice pr each ov iderend s ( Iuser SPs) locat and ion corpnorat IT m anager ant enn at hteir h atown is h ig hly- efficient dir ect ionbalr oadban and t h at oin s kback t ow ar d t he ir eless . This is deploy cost d npet w tor s t hat deliver h igwhspeedaccess accesspoint f or bu ild ings desirab le becau of tithe need ax imize signal st rcom engtplet h an dm inim ize t h eorint erence and ar eas w hereset rad ional w irt oedmconn ect ivtith ye is eit h er ely unav ailable iserf cost bet w een h eDeploy en d user and t he Fr access oin t . WideSuccessfu instw allat t his dirbook ect iont hat al ant a pr ohib it ivte. ing Licenseee Wirpeless Areal Net or kion s is of t he f ir st pr enn ov ides rcom eq uir ese,t hat t he ap pr"opr gain ant enninst a ballat e select , mat ount specific plet r ealw orld st ariat t - teo-high f in ish " d esign, ion , ed oper ion,edanatd or supabov por t einafor m at ion f or height , and t he specific dir ectin ion of tdoor h e access point . Each an t ennacov inst w ireless I SPst hen andpoint ot heredoringanizat ion s deploy g out wir eless WANsincluding erallat ageion of m b e comp ed 802 w it h.1a1g, fairand ly hig lev of - pr ecision accur cont r- ast , tr hale book ant enna 80ust 2. 11a, 802 .1let 1b, pr h opr ietelary ot ocol nan et d w or k s. acy. This Ivnendor neut cover s

inst allat ion at a mesh net w ork end u ser d oes n ot r equir e t h e sam e h igh lev el of pr ecision. I n a m esh net w or k, t he t y pical end user ant en na is n ot a dir ect ional ant enna; it is an om nid ir ect ional ( om ni) ant enna. An om n i allows t he end user nod e t o com m unicat e in m ore t han one d ir ect ion so it can conn ect t o m or e t han one ot her nod e. The sam e omn i ant en na can be u sed at each en d user locat ion ; it can n orm ally be mou nt ed at a st an dar d ( r ooft op) height and d oes n ot n eed aim in g in a par t icu lar dir ect ion. •

Table of Content s

• Disadvantages I ndex of Mesh Architecture De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The d isad van t ages of m esh ar ch it ect u re ar e as follow s: By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Mor e w ir eless nodes n eeded

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 1- 58 705net -0 69w-2ork deploym ent pr ocess PrI SBN: ogr essive Pages: 35 2

Dif ficult b andw idt h m anag em ent

More Wireless Nodes Needed Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I n a m esh ar chit ect u re, w ir eless pat h s ar e shor t er t han in ot her net w or k ar ch it ect ur es. This m ean s t hat if t he n um ber of net w or k nod es is eq ual, t he cov erag e ar ea of a m esh n et w or k is less n in sid er ar t ips rom an ex- perienced wirt eless ind t han tLear h e cover age ea f of a point t o- m u lt ip oin n et wor k .ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Progressive Process Lear n howNetwork t o pr ov idDeployment e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t hekmr elies ost eff ectt hivee availabilit equip ment and antt -enn a sy tst- tem s f or ywour ar earepeat ing . This A m esh n et wor on y of p oin t o- poin o- point ir eless m ean s t hat if a w ir eless nod e is inst alled bey ond t he r ang e of t he n odes t hat hav e alr ead y been Av oid com m on p it encount er edt ob yconnect new w irt oeless net w orn ketoper inst alled , t he new nod e falls w ill not be able t he m esh wor katt ors o obt ain ser v ice. To pr event t his pr oblem , you m ust d ep loy a m esh n et w or k pr og ressiv ely w it h in a par t icular ser v ice ize ent t he m ef fect of in noise enaccess ce on ypour ar ea. Minim Deploym ust sb eg n earand t heint I ntererfer net ointnet anwdork con t inue ou t w ard t ow ar d t he far ed ge of t h e m esh. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Difficult Bandwidth Management

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t doornode env ir en t net w ork h as du al r oles: Each or endouuser inonm a mesh Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Wir eless r out er or r epeat er Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys En d u ser n ode License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost ,whigh - sp eed " last ile" w ir le eless I nt erend net access. Licenseee bwet ir w eless echnolog deliv er s The ir eless ban dw idt-hmav ailab t o each u ser n ode is sharfred een tpr ovidin g yI nt er net t hese benefit s wspecif it h outic requ h ed use of pr g odbuct or serv ices pfor rovtided access f or t hat en d irin u serg tan p r ovidin acksbon e access he otby h erlocal en d tuelep ser shone w ho or ar e cable com er net s ( I tSPs) and I T end m anager to connect ingpanies. t o t he WWANs I nt er net enable t h rou ghI nt t hat nodser e. vice The pr mov or ider e hops hat ex ist corp bet worat eenean user sand t hneir cost - efficient b r oadban or k sis t available hat deliver h- speed access f or in bugild ings tdeploy he I n t er et own access point , t he less band wdidntet hw t hat t ohtig h at end user. Manag t his and ed ar eas w here ional w ir w edit hconn it y is chang eit h er ing comcu plet ely unav ailable is cost shar b andw idt ht rad d ynitamically contect in iv uously st omer b andw idt h or n eeds an- d pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ee Wir eless Area Net k ssof is ttw hearfe. ir st book t hat pr ov ides back bone bandw iding t h nLicenseeeds is Fr a challenge f orWidet h e mesh netw wor ork com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Examples of When to Use Mesh Architecture Mesh ar chit ect ur e is m ost app rop r iat e w hen a num b er of end u ser s ar e clu st er ed closely t oget her and nu m er ous LOS obst ru ct ion s exist . Th rou ghp ut requ irem en t s of t he user s shou ld also b e fair ly m odest , such as up t o a few h und red k ilob it s per second ( k bp s) . One such env iron ment w ould be a r esid en t ial hou sin g d ev elopm en t w h er e m any t rees obst r uct t he LOS pat h s bet w een t h e hou ses. The sh ort pat h lengt h s, alt er nat e r out ing pat h s, and r elat iv ely m od est t hr ough put needs •of t he resident Table Content s w of ould m akse a m esh net w or k t h e appr opr iat e ar chit ect ur al choice. •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Selecting the Preliminary Network Architecture The p r esence of LOS pat h s bet w een t he pr oposed net w or k locat ions is t h e m ajor d et er m in ing fact or in select ing a n et wor k ar chit ect ur e and designing y our n et w or k . Your final net w ork migh t be a comb inat ion of t he f our ar chit ect ur es descr ibed in t his ch apt er—t hat is perf ect ly all righ t . •The t er r ain an Table of Content s ions in ev er y ar ea ar e un ique. This m eans t hat you r final net w ork d t he obst r uct •ar ch it ect u re will I ndexalso b e un iq ue. I t w ill b e con st ru ct ed w it h LOS pat hs t hat fit arou nd and ov er De ingr Li cense W irre le W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks t hepl oy obst uct ions- Frineeyou arssea. By Jack Unger

To select t he m ost ap pr opr iat e net w or k ar ch it ect u re f or y our w ir eless WAN and desig n y our act ual w ir eless net w or k , follow t h ese st eps: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

PubSt Dat 3 e e: p February 1 . Map 26, t he200 locat ions

of t he end users.

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: St e p 35 2 .2 Ev aluat e

p oint - t o- p oin t ar chit ect ur e.

St e p 3 . Gr oup user s by p rox im it y. St e p 4 . Ev aluat e p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t ar chit ect ur e. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. St e p 5 . Ev aluat e cellular ar ch it ect u re. St e p 6 .sid Ever aluat eshan ar ex chit ect ur e. wir eless ind ust r y lead er Lear n in t ipse fm rom perienced Under St e p st 7 and . Dr aft t heprpeliminar rinciplesy t h n at et wor un der k arlie chit t hect e oper ur e.at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o fir prm ovhu id eb pr abailabilit le and y. r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access St e p 8 . Con sitof e itav Select m ost ect iv e equip and ant St e p 9t he . Con fir meffend user sit e ment availabilit y . enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av onfir pm it falls er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Stoid e p com 10. m Con sit eencount usabilit y. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork St eps 1 t h rou gh 6 will h elp y ou select t he m ost ap pr opr iat e net w or k ar ch it ect u re for y our En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y w ireless WAN. St eps 7 t hr oug h 10 w ill help y ou desig n y our act u al w ir eless net w ork . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. g equ Users ipm en t m or e successfully in StepUse 1:8Map the Locations of11End

y our ow n hom e, off ice,

or ou t door env ir onm en t

Ob t ain a t opog rap hical ( t opo) m ap t hat cov ers all t he ar eas w her e pot ent ial net w ork end u ser s Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k ar e locat ed . A t op ogr aphic map show s t h e t err ain elev at ion at each locat ion. Figur e 3- 6 sh ows a r ep r esent at ionphy of sical a t op sit ogreaphic msap t heio-( ffict al) ar( ea t ow n, in t he st at e of Con duct sur v ey anfdorr ad r eqion uency RF)ofsitPleasan e sur v eys Har mon y. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Figu r eenable 3 - 6 . ITop og rser aph p of ea and sa nt oworat n e I T m anager s t o cable com panies. WWANs nt er net viceicprM ovaider s ( IPl SPs) corp deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

TI P Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Topog rap hic m aps ar e av ailable fr om map st or es, b ookst or es, or ( in t he Unit ed St at es) com m encount er ed w ir eless w or kareas, oper at tAv heoid off ices of on t hep it U.falls S. Geological Surbvyeynew ( USGS) . Fornet some mors appin g sof t w are is av ailab le t hat m akes it easy t o pr ep ar e a cust om t op ogr aphic map f or y our ar ea. See izeeless t he ef fectPlan s of ning noiseSoft andwar inte" er sect fer enion ce of onApp y our tMinim he " Wir Link en net dix wB,ork " Wir eless Har dw ar e, Soft war e, and Ser vice Pr ov id er Or ganizat ions, " f or a list of sou rces f or m aps and Enappin joy t hg esof sat isfare. act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y m tw Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, I t is h elp ful t o k now t he elev at ion of each end user locat ion as w ell as t h e elev at ion of t he t er rain or ou t door env ir onm en t bet w een t h e locat ion s. This inf orm at ion helps t o det erm ine if an LOS p at h ex ist s bet w een t he locat ions. On y our m ap, mar k t h e posit ion an d t he ap pr oxim at e elev at ion of each end. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Step 2: Evaluate Point-to-Point Architecture

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s I f only a few end- u ser locat ions ex ist , point - t o- point arch it ect ur e is of t en t h e best ar chit ect ur al t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or choice. For ex am ple, Figur e 3- 7 sh ows t he ar ea ar oun d t h e Pleasant own air por t . cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Figu r e 3 - 7 . Poi nt -t o-Poin t Ne t w or k com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under andinal t he and p rinciples h att un der liecar t h elocat oper at ion of aallbrwir eless s n et w or k The air por t st t erm t he air tpor rent - aion need oadb andsywstirem eless connect ion. Th ese ar e t h e only t w o point s t h at n eed t o b e connect ed . They ar e bot h at t he sam e how pr ov prsofstitand ab lebet and r eliable eless I ntpat er net access elev atLear ion nand not oobst ru id cteion w een t h emw. irTh e LOS h , sim p le sit e sur v ey, and low har dw ar e cost m ak e t his an ideal sit uat ion f or a p oin t - t o- poin t n et w or k . I f you r sit uat ion is Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea r ough ly sim ilar t o t his exam p le, p oint - t o- p oin t ar chit ect ur e should be y our ch oice. I f, how ever , y ou h ave mor e t h an a f ew net w ork en d p oin t locat ions, p oin t - t o- poin t m ight not be y our best Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors choice. Go t o St ep 3 t o cont inue t he ev alu at ion and select ion pr ocess. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork joyGroup t h e sat isfUsers act ion ofby p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et StepEn3: Proximity

access t o you r comm un it y

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) The ex ist en ce of LOS p at hs is t he m ost signif ican t f act or t hat aff ect s y our net w ork archit ect ur e. Ther eUse is a8h02. igher elihood wh oipm ar e t o eachinotyher ill nhav e an 1 1a,lik80 2. 11 b,t hat and end 8 02.users 11 g equ enlocat t m orede close successfully our wow hom e, off ice, un obst r uct ed LOS p at h t o a com m on access point locat ion . Keep in g t his in min d, look at Figur e or ou t door env ir onm en t 3- 6 ag ain. A num ber of end user locat ions exist t hat are close t oget h er and hav e shar ed LOS pat h sCh t ooose access t hepoint r ight locat net wion or ks. ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k I n dow nt ow n Pleasant t hev ey gr am school, idd le (school, Con duct phy sical own sit e, sur s anmar d r ad io- f r eqmuency RF) sit ehigh sur vsch eysool, and libr ary are w it hin one m ile of each ot h er . Also d own t ow n, t h e Regist r ar of Vot ers, Cit y Hall, St r eet LicenseDepar t mfent r ee, ban r oadban d W at er dw Depar ir eless t mw enidet ararea e close nettwoget ork sher. ( WW OnANs) t he pr east ov id side e fast of tdeploym own , t heent anim of al low cost , er shelt high , t he - spFire eed D" last ep art - mment ile" wt riraining eless Itnt owerer, nett he access. Healt Licenseh Depar tfrmee enw t ,irand eless t hteechnolog Park s D yepdeliv art mer ent s t hese ar e w itbenefit hin one s w mitile. h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Now , look at own you rcost ow n- efficient map an d if t her serdeliver locat ions hat ar e close herildan d deploy t h eir b rsee oadban d neetare w oren k sd t uhat h ig thspeed accesst oget f or bu ings tand hat ar can oupted og et h erw.irIed f y ou hav e ivone mor e such gr oup plan on u sin her- p oin t easbewgr here radtit ional conn ect it y or is eit h er com plet ely s,unav ailable or giseit cost tpr o-ohib m ultitipoin t , cellular or mesh ur e.WideGo t oArea St epNet 4w t oorcont inut he e t he ur epr ov ides iv e. Deploy ing ,LicenseFr archit ee Wirect eless k s is f ir starchit bookect t hat evalu at ion com plet e, r. eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Step 4: Evaluate Point-to-Multipoint Architecture Point - t o- mu lt ip oint archit ect ur e pr ov ides econ omical serv ice t o a nu mb er of en d u ser s w ho all hav e an un obst r uct ed LOS p at h t o one high- lev el access point sit e. Figur e 3- 8 p r ovides an exam ple.

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Figu r e 3 - 8 . Poi nt -t o-M u lt ipoi nt Ne t w or k

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr iv e. Deploy LicenseWirAn eless Net w k s is t tmhe book t hat ov ides At ohib t he iteast edge ofing Pleasant owFr n,eet he im alWideShelt Area er , Healt h or Depar enf tir, st Par ks Dep ar pr t ment , and com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m Fire D ep art ment t r aining cen t er are all locat ed close t oget her. The t op of t he Fir e Depar tat mion ent f or w SPs ot her or ganizat deploy in g out wir eless covions. er age of t r ireless aining tIow erand is high enou gh t o pion rovside an LOS p atdoor h t o each of t hWANse ot herincluding t h ree locat 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book Toget her , t h ese f our locat ions can be g rou ped t oget her int o one single p oint - t o- m ult ipoin t cover s

net w or k. The access p oin t an t en na for t h e net w or k can b e m ount ed on t op of t he t r aining t ow er . On y our m ap, ident ify an y gr oup ( or g r oups) of u ser s w ho appear t o hav e LOS connect iv it y t o a shar ed access p oin t locat ion. Consider t his g rou p as a p ot en t ial point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k. The follow ing list dir ect s you t o t he n ex t st ep:

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I f you h ave j ust on e gr oup of user s and t hey all ap pear t o hav e an LOS pat h t o a shar ed Tablet of Content access poin locat ion,s p lan on using a p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t ar chit ect ur e. Go t o St ep 7.

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De pl oyIing Li cense - Frm eeorWeirtehlean ss W Aroup e a Neof tw users, or ks f you h ave oni de e -gr

each w it h it s ow n access poin t locat ion, g o t o

ep 5. By Jack St Unger I f m any of y our end users don' t h ave an LOS p at h t o an access poin t locat ion, g o t o St ep 6 . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 StepPages: 5: Evaluate Cellular Architecture 35 2

Som et im es, an area mig ht h ave mor e t h an one poin t - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k, w it h each net w ork ser v ed b y it s ow n access point . I f sever al of t h ese access poin t locat ions ar e t h en connect ed, t h e r esult is a cellular net w or k. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Multiple Point-to-Multipoint Networks Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Figur e 3- 8 id en t ified on e point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k at t h e east edge of t ow n ( Fire Depar t m en t , and p rinciples t hm atent un,der lie Anim t h e oper at ion sy tsthe emend s user locat ion s Par ksUnder Deparstt m en tt ,he Healt h D ep art and al Shelt er)of. Iall f y wir ou eless look at near t h e cen t er of t ow n in Figur e 3- 9 , y ou see sever al ot h er pot ent ial p oin t - t o- m ult ipoin t Lear n how t oies. pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access net w or k possibilit Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Figu r e 3 - 9 . M ul t ip le Poin t - t o- M ul t i poin t N et w or k s

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Learisn locat how ed t o pr id eside pr ofof it ab r eliable eless er net access Cit y Hall onov t he t hle e and hill app rox imwatirely at Iant300 - foot ( 91 m ) elev at ion. The Regist r ar of Vot ers, St reet Depar t m ent , and Wat er Depar t m en t ar e each ab out one m ile fr om Select ost at effion ect iv equipisment ant enn(a5 3sym st)em f or tyhour ar ea Cit y Hall an dt he t hemelev ofeeach abouand t 1 75 feet . Frsom e r oof of Cit y Hall, t her e is an LOS pat h t o each of t he ot her t hr ee locat ion s. Toget her , t hese fou r locat ion s can b e comb ined Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors int o one p oin t - t o- m ult ipoin t net w or k . The access p oint can be p laced inside Cit y Hall an d t he ant enn a canize bet he p laced t he r oof.and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Minim ef fecton s of noise Anot hEn er joy point - t oip ion ointofnet w ork ex ist near tIhe high ool. tFr r oofun ofittyhe h ig h school the satmu isf lt act p rov iding w sir eless n t ern et sch access o om you tr he comm ( elev at ion 200 f t [ 6 1 m ] ) , LOS pat hs ex ist t o t he libr ar y , gr am m ar sch ool, and m id dle school. An ant enn syice st em h e highprschool can ply connect it y t IoSPs t h e (ot t h ree locat ions. Praact t h eon butsiness inciplesr oof used b ysup successf ul wir iv eless WIher SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door Connectivity env ir onm en t Access Point Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Pleasan t ow n n ow has t hr ee new access point s, one f or each of t he t hr ee new point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or ks.duct Th e phy access antvenn onio-t he Firuency e Depar t m sit enet tsur r aining Con sicalpoint sit e sur ey sas anar d er ad f r eq ( RF) v eys t ow er , t he Cit y Hall r oof, and t he h ig h school roof . I f t hese t hr ee access point s are con nect ed t oget h er t hr ough a com monf rlocat a cellular n et w w oridek isarea cr eatnet ed.wRefer o Figur 3- ov 1 0idt oe see t his is possible. Licenseee b ion, r oadban d w ir eless ork s ( tWW ANs)e pr fast ifdeploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Figu r eb r3oadban - 1 0 . Cel lakrs Nt hat et w or k O pth-ions deploy t h eir own cost - efficient d n etlu w or deliver h ig speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Do any locat ions ex ist in Pleasant ow n t hat hav e LOS pat h s t o all t hr ee ex ist ing access point s? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The Fir e Depar t m ent t rainin g t ower m igh t b e one p ossibilit y, but t he LOS pat h fr om t h er e Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea t o t he h ig h school is lon g ( about 3. 5 m iles [ 5 .6 k m ] ) , and t h e pat h is obst r uct ed by Cit y Hall. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Cit y Hall h as LOS pat h s t o bot h t he Fir e Depar t m en t t rainin g t ower an d t he hig h school. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Cit y Hall is one candid at e t o ser ve as t he h ub of a cellular net w ork t hat wou ld conn ect and ser v e all ree e point - t o-iding mu ltw ipoint netI nwtork t ow n. t o you r comm un it y En joy t h et hsat isfof actt hion of p rov ir eless ernsetinaccess Anot er tcellular net w or hu b locat ionbis possib le.ulThe w at erI tSPs ank ( on t h e t op of t he h ill is Pr acthice h e bu siness prkinciples used y successf wir eless WI SPs) locat ed at an elevat ion of 40 0 ft ( 122 m ) . Fr om t h e t op of t he t an k, it is easy t o see t he high d t he Fire t m en r aining t ow er . Theint an k can ve as heice, Use 8school, 02. 1 1a,Cit 80y 2.Hall, 11 b,an and 8 02. 11 gDepar equ ipm entt tm or e successfully y our ow ser n hom e, toff hu a cellular n et wen ortk . Becau se t he h illt op is t he highest p oint arou nd Pleasant ow n , it or bouoft door env ir onm w ould also allow fu t ur e exp ansion of t he cellular n et wor k t o new locat ions as t he ar ea gr s. t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Chow oose On y our ap, phy ident ify an ions san t hat app pr ov ide Conm duct sical sit ye locat sur v ey d r ad io-ear f r eqt ouency ( RF)w irsiteless e surconnect v eys ivit y t o all y our w ireless access point locat ion s. I f y ou can ident if y one or m ore cellular hu b sit e locat ions, plan Licenseb r oadban ir eless w idenetband w ork sw ir ( WW ANs) pr ov id et hfast deploym ent7.ofI flow on usingf raeecellu lar ar chditwect ur e f or y ourarea b road eless WAN, and en go t o St ep cost , high sp eed " last - m ile"t w er net License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cellular ar -chit ect ur e doesn' f itiryeless our arI nt ea, go taccess. o St ep 6. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Step 6: Evaluate Mesh Architecture and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Occasion , a wgrorld oup "of pot wir" eless netinst w orallat k end locat close h er ut f or com plet e,ally r ealst ar t - tent o- fial in ish d esign, ionusers , operare at ion, aned d sup port og t inetfor m,atbion twhey d on't hav e LOS p at hs t o a shar ed access point . Und er t hese con dit ions, non e of t he p r ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er ageev ofious net w or k ar ch it ect u res pr ov ide r eliab le w ir eless serv ice. One alt er nat iv e is t o ev aluat e m esh 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

ar ch it ect u re as a p ossible solut ion. Recen t ly, For est Shad ow s Est at es w as carv ed out of t he w oods sou t heast of Pleasant own . Man y Forest Sh adow s Est at es r esid en t s w ant br oadban d I n t er n et access, but t hey ar e bey ond digit al subscr ib er lin e ( DSL) r ange, an d t he cable t elev ision com pany does not off er I n t ern et access. Becau se of t he nu m ber of t r ees in t he ar ea, non e of t he houses hav e an LOS pat h t o any of t he w ireless access point locat ion s in Pleasant ow n. Some h ouses hav e an LOS pat h t o anot her h ouse • Table of Content s and som e houses do not . The dist ances bet w een t h e houses ar e shor t ; t h er efor e, in sp it e of t he •high at t en uatI ndex ion cau sed by t h e t r ees, enoug h wir eless signal rem ains t o allow each hou se t o De pl oy ingt Li - Fr eeon Weir eot leher ss Whi de - Ar e aMesh Ne tw or connect o cense at least ouse. arks ch it ect u re can pr ov ide connect ivit y t o t h e I nt ern et if at Jack By least Unger on e point on t he m esh n et wor k can be conn ect ed t o t h e I nt er net . Tw o p ossible w ay s t o br ing I nt er net conn ect iv it y t o a hu b p oin t on a For est Shad ow s Est at es m esh net w or k ar e as follow Pubs: lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 a 705 -0 69 -2 line f r om t he local t elephon e comp any . The line will cost $ 500 each Pur chase leased Pages: 2 a t ot al of $6 000 each y ear. m ont h35 , or

Er ect a t ow er an d in st all a p oin t - t o- poin t w ir eless lin k connect ing t he m esh n et wor k t o t he w at er t ank on t h e hill. I f t he w at er t an k w as alr ead y act in g as t he h ub of t he cellu lar net w or k t hat ser v ed Pleasant ow n, it w ill be a sim ple m at t er t o add connect ivit y fr om t h e w at erices t ank a new er deploy in For est ows at es.WWANs. The cost of t h e t ow er and t he Best pr act f ort oplan ningt ow and m enShad t of br oadEst band w ireless lin k t o t h e w at er t ank w ill b e $60 00. Eit h er brsid oadban d op t ionanw ex ill perienced w or k t o con nect t h eind For est ow s Est at es r esident s t o t h e Lear n in er t ips f rom wir eless ust r y Shad lead er Pleasan t ow n WAN. The subd ivision builder evalu at ed t h ese t w o opt ions an d decided t o pay for t hestband uilding t he t ower anun d tder he lie instt hallat ion at ofion t heofwall ir eless lin k; sy t he result Under t he of p rinciples t h at e oper wir eless st em s s ar e illust rat ed by Figur e 3- 1 1. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Figu r e 3 - 1 1 . M e sh N et w or k Conn e ct e d t o Cel lu la r Ne t w or k

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The b uilder ed t hat tith at w ou b eliebet t o pay $6of 000 t ime,sy ow t he Under st and rteason he p rinciples unldder t hteeroper at ion all one wir eless stnem s eq uipm ent , and char ge t he r esident s each m ont h for I n t er n et access. " Besides," he t houg ht , " t he new Lear int ernst how at e high t o prwov ayidweillprsoon of it abbe le built and ran eliable d it wwillirpass elessalong I nt er net t h e access ed ge of For est Shadow s Est at es. I 'll b e able t o lease an t en na space on m y new t ower t o t hr ee or f our cellu lar t he com m ostpan effies, ect ivand e equip sy st em al s ftor y our ea t h ousand dollar s of tSelect elep hone t h at ment w ill brand ing ant m eenn an aadd it ion hr ee or ar f our incom e each m ont h ." Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors I f you r pot ent ial en d u ser s ar e locat ed close t o each ot her but t h ey h ave no LOS p at h t o an Minim t he int ersu ferccessf en ce ully on yconnect our net wall ork accessize poin t , ef mfect esh sarofchnoise it ect uand res can or most of you r end users. Keep in m in d t hat backb one connect ivit y is also requ ired t o an d fr om at least one nod e on En t h e net sat isf act.ion rov t hejoy mesh w ork Goof t opSt epiding 7 . w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 02. 1 1a,Preliminary 80 2. 11 b, and 8Network 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in StepUse 7:8Draft Architecture

y our ow n hom e, off ice,

or ou t door env ir onm en t By now , you ar e aw ar e of t he t er r ain in y our ar ea and y ou kn ow t h e maj or ob st r uct ions t hat you Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k need t o go ar ound or ov er. You sh ould hav e a clear id ea w hich net w ork ar chit ect ur e is best f or y our p rop osed WAN. Keep y our n et wor k d esign as sim ple as possible, alt houg h it is ok ay t o Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys com bine sever al ar ch it ect u res if t hat is w hat y ou h ave t o do t o pr ovide ser vice t o all of y our end users. D fraw ht lind es y ourw idem aparea t o con p rop osed hub d end u ser locat ions. Licenser ee st b rraig oadban w iron eless netnect w orkysour ( WW ANs) pr ov id eanfast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Measure Compass Headings cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here rad ional w irpass ed conn is eit h erh ub comsit plet elyt ounav or sit is es. cost Measur e t he ap pr tox imitat e com h eadect in iv gsit fyrom t he e( s) t h e ailable en d u ser pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

TI P Use a pr ot r act or placed ov er y our m ap. I f y ou ar e using m apping or t op ogr aph ic soft w ar e, use t h e com p ass t ool t o det er m ine t h e heading s.

The h ead ing fr om end user sit e t o h ub sit e w ill be 18 0 degr ees op posit e t o t h e heading f rom t he • Table of Content s hu b sit e t o t he end u ser sit e. St ar t w it h t he est im at ed h ead in g fr om hu b t o end user and eit her • I ndex add or sub t r act 18 0 d eg rees. ( Choose eit her on e—w h ichev er is easier for you t o visualize and De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks calcu lat e. The r esult is t he sam e. ) For exam p le: By Jack Unger

A h ead ing of 50 degr ees f r om hu b t o end user w ill hav e a h ead in g of 230 degr ees ( 50 ees plus 1 80 degr ees equ als 230 d eg rees) fr om end u ser t o hub . A h ead ing of 300 Pubdegr lish er: Cisco Press degr ees fr om hu b t o end user w ill hav e a h ead ing of 120 degr ees ( 30 0 d eg rees m inus 1 80 Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 degr ees eq uals 12 0 d eg r ees) f rom en d u ser t o hu b. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

Measure Distances Use t he scale of m iles on you r m ap w it h a ru ler or t he m app ing sof t w ar e comp ass t ool t o det er min e t he d ist an ce f r om hu b sit es t o en d u ser sit es and m ar k t hese dist ances on y our m ap. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I f you ar e using poin t - t o- point or m esh ar chit ect ur e, est im at e and m ar k t he dist ances b et ween end user locat ion s. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Mak e a not e of any pat h dist ances t hat appear t o be b ey ond t h e comm on r ange of w ir eless equipm ent . stAlt houg ou hav e not et der select e w at ir eless m eless en t t hsy atstyem ou sw ill use, som e Under and t heh py rinciples t h atyun lie ed t h et hoper ion ofequ all ipwir gener al r ules follow : Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Pat h len gt hms ost gr eat han appr ox imatand ely ant 7 menn ilesa (sy 11. km fr equent Select t he effer ecttiv e equip ment st3em s )f or y our arlyean eed some kind of special at t ent ion, such as hig her ant enn as, lar g er an t ennas, or ex t r a am plificat ion ( w hen legal) Av oid .com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Point o- point can span dist ason long as net 30 w mork iles an d som et imes lon ger. To Minim- tize t he efnet fectwsork of snoise and int erances fer en ce y our achieve t hese d ist an ces, t h er e m ust be no obst r uct ion s t o t h e LOS pat h, and t he end p oin t s Enust m joy bt e h esubst sat isf ant actially ion h ofigpher rov tiding han tw he ir eless heightI nof t ern t he et t access er r ain. tFive o youhun r comm dr ed un f eet it yor m ore of ant enn a h eigh t m igh t b e need ed . Lon g link s lik e t his ar e easiest t o bu ild if one or bot h ends Pr act bulocat siness inciples used b yt hsuccessf ul twir I SPs of t heice lintkh eare edpron hillt ops or on e t ops of all eless building s. ( WI SPs) Use 02. 1s 1a, 11 obst b, and 8 ion 02.s, 11such g equas ipm en tntmains, or e successfully in yneed our ow e, off Lon g8 link t h at80h2. ave ru ct mou along t h e w ay in tnerhom m ediat e ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t r ep eat er locat ions. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Inspect Paths Con LOS duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Phy sically Licensef r ee dr iv b reoadban ( or w alk dw ) ir bet eless w een w idey ourarea hubnet sitw e ork locat s (ion WW s ANs) and ypr our ovend id e fast userdeploym locat ions. entI fofyou low coste, high hav a point - sp-eed t o- point " last -or m ile" m esh w irnet eless w orI k, nt er drnet iv e access. b et w eenLicenseend u ser fr ee locat w irions. eless The t echnolog pur pose y deliv is t oerlook s t hese for obst benefit r uct ions s w it such h outas requ t allirin b uildings, g t h e use t all of tpr rees, od uct w at s or er serv t ankices s, brpidges, rov ided or by r adio local t ow t elep er s hone t hat worer e cable not v isible com panies. on y ourWWANs m ap. These enable t allI nt obst er net r uctser ions vice could pr ovcause ider s (at I SPs) t enu at and ioncorp an dorat m ak e eI Tt he m anager pat h s t o deploy un usable. t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Iprf ohib you it f ind r ucting ions, m ark Fr t heir locat ion Wideand t hArea eir ap pr w oxorimk satis e ht he eigfht y ourt hat mappr. ov ides iv e.obst Deploy Licenseee Wir eless Net ir stonbook Calculat e t rheale Fresnel ce" need ed at t hat along t he wan ir d eless pat th in . for m at ion f or com plet e, w orld "Zone st ar t -clearan t o- f in ish d esign, inst allatpoint ion , oper at ion, sup por w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

TI P Use t he f orm ula and t he ex am ple in Figur e 2- 2 4 in Ch apt er 2 t o calcu lat e t he Fr esn el Zone clearan ce need ed .

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I• f you r inspect ion r eveals t h e pr esence of signif icant obst r uct ions, y ou m ust r evise y our n et w or k I ndex ar ch it ect u re. You can eit h er add in t erm ediat e r epeat er sit es or redesign t he n et w or k t o use De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks shor t er LOS pat h s. By Jack Unger

Pub lish Cisco Press Plan Make a er: Frequency Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 69 -2 net w or k w it h m or e t h an on e sect or or in a cellular n et w or k , t he sam e I n a poin t - t om705 ult-0 ipoint Pages: 35 2 fr equ en cy ( direct sequence spr ead sp ect r um ) or hop ping seq uence ( fr equency h opping spr ead spect ru m) m ight be r e- used on m or e t han one lin k or sect or . I t is imp ort ant t o isolat e net w or k seg m en t s t hat shar e a f r eq uency or hop ping seq uence fr om each ot her. Lack of pr oper isolat ion r esult s in int er fer ence and t hr oug hpu t r educt ion. See Ch apt er 5 f or inf or mat ion abou t isolat ing ant enn as on diff erent sect or s. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

StepLear 8:nConfirm Hub Site Availability in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I f youUnder ar e using o- point ar ectder u re, St ep 9 . Ot er wwir ise,eless y ou sy w ill be su sin g a net w or k st andpoin t he tp- trinciples t hchit at un lie gt o h et ooper at ion ofh all st em ar ch it ect u re t hat requ ir es one or m ore hub sit es. I nq uir e as t o w ho ow n s or m anages t h e bu ild in Lear gs w n hhow er e t oh eprhub ov idsit e es pr of are it ablocat le and ed. r Cont eliable actwtir heeless b uilding I nt er m net anager access , exp lain y our in t er est in placing w ireless equ ipm en t t h er e, and r equest a m eet ing t o discu ss perf or ming a sit e su rv ey t o Select ost effalif ecties iv eas equip menth ub andsitant enn aion. sy st em s f or y our ar ea det er min e ift the hemsit e qu a good e locat Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

StepMinim 9: Confirm End Site Availability ize t he ef fect s of User noise and int er fer en ce on y our

net w ork

En joy e ho satow isf act of p ages rov iding ir eless sI nwt ern et t access o yousit r es comm it y ed. Cont act I nqu ire as t toh w ns ion or man t he wbuilding here he end tuser are un locat t he building m anag er , ex plain you r int erest in placing w ireless eq uipm ent t here, an d r equest a Pr act t h essbuperf siness pr inciples b yt osuccessf ( WI SPs) m eet ing t oice discu or min g a sit e used su r vey det er mul inewir if eless t h e sitI SPs e qualifies as a good end user sit e locat ion . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

StepCh10: ooseConfirm t he r ight net Site w or kUsability ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k duct phy sical e sursit v ey r ad iof r eqsit uency ( RF) sit sur v eys Befor Con e concluding t h at sit a hub e soran and end user e is accept abele, y ou m ust p er f orm a sit e sur vey . A phy sical sit e sur v ey in clu des det erm inin g w h er e and h ow t o mou nt t he an t en nas, r un License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low t he cab lin g, an d accom plish t h e ot her ph ysical det ails sur r ound in g t he inst allat ion. Per for m a cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ph ysical sit e su r vey f or all inst allat ions. An RF sit e sur v ey uses wir eless t est equ ip m en t , including t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or a sp ect r um an alyzer , t o ex am ine t h e RF env iron m en t and t o confir m t h at w ir eless noise or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o int er fer en ce is not t oo hig h t o pr event t he su ccessf ul op er at ion of t he n ew net w or k. Per for m an deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings RF sit e sur v ey for all h ub sit es an d backb one nod e locat ion s. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr it iv4e.con Deploy Fr ee Wir eless Net w or and k s ist he t heRF f ir st hatprprocess. ov idesI t Chohib apt er t ain sing a dLicenseet ailed descr ipt ion of Widebot h tArea h e phy sical sit ebook su rvtey com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m is im por t ant t o p er f orm bot h ph ysical and w ireless sit e sur v eys b ef or e finalizing t h e desigatnion of f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age y our n et w or k . The sit e sur v ey s r eveal an y fact or s t h at w ould pr ev en t successfu l use of a sit e,of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1pat 1g,hs, and opr iet ot ocol et w or k s.mou This endor - neut r alorbook such as t he lack of LOS t heprlack of ary app- pr r opr iat e n ant ennantving locat ions, hig hcover n oises

levels. Ch apt er 4 also help s y ou w it h sugg est ions about how t o r evise y our net w or k ar chit ect u re if you r sit e sur vey s r ev eal t hat net w or k r ev isions ar e needed.

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

I f you h ave on e pair of b ack bon e locat ion s t hat need t o be conn ect ed, wh ich Content s u re is t he m ost ap pr opr iat e? netTable w or kofar ch it ect I ndex

De pl oy2 ing cense - Fr le ss Wna—om i de - Ar e a nidir Ne twect or ks : LiWhat t yee peWofir ean t en ion al

or d ir ect ional—does a point - t o- p oint

By Jack Ungernet w or k nor m ally use?

3:

When a m icr owav e signal st rik es an obst ru ct ion , w hat alw ays h appens t o it ?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

4:

When a p oint - t o- p oin t n et w or k is ex pand ed , w hat arch it ect ur e is u su ally ch osen?

I SBN:Why 1- 58?705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

5:

Why is SNR im por t ant in a w ir eless net w or k?

6:

What net w or k ar ch it ect u res u se sect ors?

7 :act ices Whatf orarplan e t hening con and sequdeploy en ces m of en select ingoad t heband wr ong access p oin t an t enna sy st em for Best pr t of br WWANs. a p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k ? Lear 8 : nWhat in sid ar er chit t ipsect f rom u re an is used ex perienced t o allow wir fr equency eless indr ust e- use r y lead w hile er connect ing sev eral point t o- m ult ipoin t n et w or k s? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 9 : What is t h e pr imar y d isad van t age of cellular archit ect ur e? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 1 0 : What t y pe of n et w or k ar chit ect u r e can b e used if end users are locat ed close Selectt oget t he hmerost ect iv equip ment a LOS) sy st em s fhs or bet y our ar eaeach ot her? aneff d hav e epar t ially obstand r uct ant ed (enn n onpat w een Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 1 1 : What t y pe of r out in g d oes a m esh net w or k per for m ? Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 4. Performing Site Surveys Du ring y our pr elim inar y net w or k desig n p r ocess, you select ed a dr aft net w or k ar ch it ect u re b ased on you r pr elim inar y conclusions ab out t he ex ist ence of line- of- sigh t ( LOS) p at hs b et w een sp ecific net w or k locatTable ion s.ofNow , y ou • Content s n eed t o ev aluat e y our p ot ent ial w ir eless eq uipm ent locat ions t o det er min e if t hey m eet t he qu alif icat ion s t hat allow y ou t o pr oceed and t o successf ully inst all • I ndex w ireless eq uipm ent t here. Th t ial locat De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss Wese i de - p Arot e aen Ne tw or ks ion s m ight be b uildings, t ower s, or possibly even hillt ops w it h no bu ild in gs or w ir eless equip ment . This chapt er help s y ou p er f orm t w o t y pes of sit e By Jack Unger sur vey s: Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Phy sit e sur eys Pub Datsical e: February 26, v200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Rad io fr equency ( RF) sit e sur vey s Pages: 35 2

Perf or min g ef fect iv e sit e sur v ey s allow s y ou t o det er min e t he f ollow ing t h ings: I f t he sit e is 1 00 percent perf ect for you r net w or k Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I f t he sit e w ould be accept able f or y our n et w or k w it h a f ew chang es t o t he sit e, t o y our net w or k desig n, or bot h Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I f it is p ossible t o m ake chan ges t o t he sit e t o bet t er m eet t he needs of y our p r oposed net w orstkand t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Under What odificat mof akiteabt oleyand our rnet w ork wdesign net w or k t o t he sit e Lear n m how t o prions ov id teo pr eliable ir elesst oI ntfiteryou net raccess ISelect f t he sit e is n ot eff accep t able for ment you r net or kenn because changes o t he sit e or t o y our n et wor k t he m ost ect iv e equip andwant a sy st em s f or ytour ar ea design w ould be t oo ex pensiv e Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors I f RF pat h t est ing or cov er age t est ing shou ld be perf or med t o gat her m or e inf orm at ion and tMinim o det er if fect t h e ssitofe noise is su itand ableint er fer en ce on y our net w ork izemtine he ef The sptecific allat ails t hatwm ust b eI ndocum ed n ow bu t rucomm sed latun eritby En joy h e satinst isf act ionion of det p rov iding ir eless t ern etent access t o you y inst allat ion per son nel Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Physical Site Surveys Phy sical sit e sur v eys ex am in e t he phy sical env ir onm ent of t he bu ild ing, t ower , or ot her locat ion w her e you w ant t o place eit h er a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint access point or a point - t o- point en d node. The p hy sical sit e sur v ey help s y ou accom plish t h e follow ing t asks: •

Table of Content s

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t hat- Fr t he locat outwwor ant De pl oyVerif ing Liycense ee W ir e leions ss W iwh de -er Are e ayNe ks

t o p lace y our wir eless nod es w ill act u ally allow

y ou t o place w ir eless eq uipm ent t here. By Jack Unger Det erm ine t he b est locat ion inside t he building or in sid e t he t ow er equ ip ment v ault t o place Pubt he lish er: Press wirCisco eless equ ip ment . Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Verif t hat y our post u lat ed LOS pat hs act ually exist . I SBN:y 158 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Det erm ine wh er e an d how t o m ount y our ant en na sy st em s t o m ake su ccessf ul u se of t h e LOS pat h s. Det erm ine how t o desig n and rou t e t he cab lin g t o t h e ant enna syst em . Best pr Det act erm ices ine f orhow plant oning pr otand ect again deploystmdam en t age of brfoad r omband light nWWANs. ing by p rop er ly gr oun ding t he ant enn a sy st em . Lear n inent sid you er t ips rom anfind exings perienced wireeless ind ust r y lead er ion s for ad dit ions or Docum r phf ysical an d mak f ur t her r ecom m endat chang es t o t h e pr elim inar y net w or k design. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Reviewing the Preliminary Network Design

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Befor e y ou t rav el t o a ph ysical sit e sur vey locat ion, t ak e t im e t o r ev iew t he p r elim inar y net w or k Avt oid it falls encount er ed b y new Your w ir eless net k oper design hat com you m cron eatped in Ch apt er 3, " Choosing Net w orwk or Archit ectaturors e. " Mak e a not e of t h e follow ing : Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En t h e ions sat isft h act of ant p rov iding need w ir eless I n t ern y Thejoy d irect ation y our ennas t o point fr et omaccess t he sitt eo tyou hat r ycomm ou ar eunp it repar ing t o sur vey Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) How h igh ab ove gr ound y our an t ennas m ust be m oun t ed so t hat t he t allest obst acle along Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, y our LOS p at hs d oes n ot in t ru de int o m or e t han 40 per cen t of t h e Fr esnel zone or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

NO TE

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low I t is t em pt in g t o skip ov er t his calcu lat ion an d h ope t h at t h e ant enn as w ill be h ig h cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s enoug h an d t hat you r link s w ill wor k . Don 't fall for t h is t emp t at ion, t h ough . t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Calculat e t h e Fresnel zone clear ances n eeded, as descr ibed in Ch apt er 2, cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o " Under st anding Wir eless Fund ament als. " I f y ou do not d o t h is now , y our w ir eless deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings net w or k m ight not pr ovid e r eliable p er for m ance or it m ight not w ork at all. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Det erm ine t he ap pr oxim at e an t en na g ains needed. W hen y ou kn ow t h e gain, you k now t h e w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of app rox im at e ph ysical siz e of t he an t en na. Kn owin g t he size helps y ou ev aluat e p ot ent ial 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

ant enn a- m ount in g locat ions an d ant enna- m oun t ing har dw ar e.

TI P •

I f you n eed t o calculat e t he appr ox imat e ant enna gain, use t he link bud get f orm ula in Ch apt er Table 2. of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Contacting Site Management Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

The f ir st st ep in per for m in g a ph ysical sit e sur vey is t o obt ain per mission f r om t he b uilding or I SBN: 1- 58 705 69 -2 t he sit e t o see if it w ou ld be a suit able locat ion t o p lace an an t en na. t ow er m anager t o -0check Pages: 35 2

NO TE Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. You m ig ht be per for m ing a p hy sical sit e sur v ey of an ex ist ing w ir eless t ow er sit e inst ead of a bu ild in g. Th e pr inciples are t he sam e, alt houg h in st ead of looking f or a f lat rLear oof or ilderin g wall to m t h e ant enn a eless on, look for r tyhe best n inbu sid t ips f rom anoun ex tperienced wir ind ust lead er locat ion on t he t ow er t o mou nt you r ant enn a. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Locat e t h e bu ild in g man ager, ident ify y our self , an d ex plain you r int erest in placing a w ir eless Select t he m ost eff and ant st em f ored y our ar ea w it h t he f acilit y syst em in t he b uilding orect oniv tehequip e t ow ment er . You w ill menn ost aliksy ely b e sask t o speak m anager . Be p repar ed t o p rov ide t h e follow ing inf orm at ion: Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minimnam ize tehe ef fect s of noise inteer fer en ce on y our net w ork Your and y our com panyand nam En joywtill h euse sat isf ioneless of p sy rovstiding Who t heactwir em w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr actsize ice tan h edbu siness used equipm b y successf eless The locat ion pr of inciples t he w ir eless ent tul hatwircon nectI SPs s t o (t WI he SPs) ant enn a sy st em Use 8 02. 1app 1a, ear 80 ance, 2. 11 b,locat and ion, 8 02.an 11dgwequ ipmofent he t m ant or eenna successfully The size, eight syst em in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct TI Pphy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b rhoadban ir eless ide-g area net orkws it( hWW ANs) pr ov id e or fastatdeploym I t is elp ful tdo wact ually w b rin an ant enwna y ou if p ossible, least t o ent b rinof g alow cost , high -dr spaw eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv ing or a pict ur e of t he p r oposed ant enn a. Most wir eless an t en nas ar e f air ly er s t hese benefit s w h out irining g t thhe e use of pr od uct sy ou or serv p rovinat ided by local elepthone or sm all, itan d byrequ show ant enna size, helpices t o elim e con cer n tthat he cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to ant enn a w ill det r act f r om t he ap pear ance of t he b uilding. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibHow it iv e. ingaLicenseFr m eeoun Wirt eless Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t hDeploy e ant enn could be ed t o Wideor on Area t he building com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless ot her ornect ganizat wirequ eless HowI SPs t h e and cabling con s t heion ans tdeploy enna t oin tgh out e wdoor ireless ipmWANsen t including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Whet h er y our w ir eless equ ip m en t w ill or w ill n ot int er fer e w it h wir eless equip ment t hat alr ead y ex ist s on or in t he b uilding

TI P •

Table of Content s This is a good t im e t o ask ab out t he ex ist ence of any ot her w ireless eq uipm ent in t heI ndex building or on t h e t ow er. When y ou k now ab out ot her w ireless eq uipm en t , De pl oy ing Liycense Fr ee W e le ss W i de -tAr tw or ksenv iron ment . This k now ledge can aler t you t o ou k-now mirore about hee awNe ir eless By Jack Ungert he possib ilit y of int er fer ence t o or fr om y our p rop osed w ireless in st allat ion . See Ch apt er 8, " Solv ing Noise an d I n t er f er ence Pr oblems, " f or d et ailed in for m at ion int er fer ence. Pub lish er:abou Ciscot Press •

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

The in for m at ion y ou need t o obt ain by doing a p hy sical sur v ey and, if n eeded, a r adio35 2 frPages: equ en cy ( wir eless) sit e sur v ey of t h e bu ild in g I f m anagem en t ag rees, schedu le a d ay and a t im e t o per for m a phy sical sit e sur v ey. Allow at least t w o h our s m inim um t o com p let e t h e sur vey . IBest f t heprsit e ices alr ead has ning a nu mb of wir m eless sy st s band inst alled or if y ou plan t o inst all a hu b sit e act f ory plan anderdeploy en t of brem oad WWANs. w it h one or m or e w ir eless access point s, schedule sever al ad dit ional h our s t o perf or m a w ir eless sit e sur vey . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all Physical Site Survey Preparation

wir eless sy st em s

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Plan t o t ak e t h e follow ing infor m at ion and equipm ent w it h y ou w hen you per for m t h e ph ysical Select sit e sur vey : t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A k now ledge of t he zon in g requ ir em en t s for t he cit y , t ow n, or ju risdict ion in w hich t he sit e Minim is locatize ed t. he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h eand sat isf rov n t ern et yaccess t o tyou comm un itwyir eless link t o. Dist ance d iract ection ionofinfpor miding at ion wt oir eless t he sitI es t hat ou hope o prrov ide t he You should hav e t his in for m at ion f r om y our ear lier n et w or k design w ork . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Fresnel zon e clear ance dist ances fr om ob st r u ct ion s along t he w ir eless pat h . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or nou door env onm A ot tebook , a piren cil,en ant d a pen t o r ecor d y our p hy sical sit e sur v ey f inding s. Ch oose r ight w orhand k ar schwithen ect urclim e f or y our Glov es ttohe p rot ect net y our bing . w ir eless net w or k Con phyt sical e sur v eyeyes s an fdr om r ad ioeqiolet uency RF) sit age. e sur v eys Sun duct glasses o pr otsit ect y our ult fr rav lig (ht d am Licenser eet ob pr r oadban w irfeless idenet s ( WW prht ov, id fastcan deploym A hfat ot ect ydour ace fr w om exarea cessiv ew exork posur e t oANs) sun lig weh ich lead tent o skof in low cost , cancer high - sp. eed m ile" w ir eless nt ert hnet access. ee w pir er eless echnolog deliv er s Also," last if y -ou ex pect t o beI on e roof f or aLicensecon sid erfrable iod tof t ime dury ing t he t hesembenefit s wt hiteh out irin g t h e use of sunscr pr od uct s or p rov hone iddle of day requ , consider app ly ing een t o serv y ourices face andided hanby ds local b ef orteelep going ontoro cable tcom panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o he roof . deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings j acket . Ont rad a cold d ay,w ir t he ooft op m ely uch unav colder and w t han at and arAeas w here it ional ed r conn ectof iv ita ybuildin is eit hgercan combe plet ailable orindier is cost eet lev el. ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohibstitr iv e. Deploy com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or WatIer . The per or at ur e on tion he sroof of an ficedoor buildin g can WANsbe 1 0 tincluding o 20 degrcov eeser age of w ireless SPs andt em ot her ganizat deploy in gofout wir eless Fahr 802 en heit ( 5 .5 t o.111 Celsius) t henam at u re,- neut so you ff er s 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, 802 1g,degr andees pr opr iet ary abov - pr oteocol et wbient or k s.t emp This er v endor r al can booksucover

fr om heat exh aust ion on a hot day if y ou don' t d rin k lot s of w at er. A m ag net ic com p ass t o det er min e t he ex act dir ect ion t ow ar d t he ot h er w ir eless sit es. A Global Posit ioning Sy st em ( GPS) r eceiv er t o calcu lat e and display ex act dist ances and ant enn a d ir ect ion h ead in gs. •

A d igit al cam er a t o p hot ogr aph t h e buildin g, t h e r oof area, an d t h e v iew in each d irect ion Table of Content s fr om t he r oof.

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De pl oyAing Li cense ir e le i de - in Ar edar a Nektw or ks f lash lig ht- Frtee o hWelp y ss ouWsee basement s,

at t ics, an d cr aw lsp aces.

By Jack Unger

A f ive- f oot st epladd er t o see int o ( and possib ly cr aw l int o) ceiling ar eas.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Locating a Controlled Equipment Environment I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

The f ir st st ep in per for m in g you r phy sical sit e su rv ey is t o find t he best locat ion t o place t he w ireless eq uipm ent . Som e w ir eless eq uipm ent mou nt s ou t door s—at or near t he an t enna—an d connect s t o t he ind oor net w or k w it h fiber - opt ic cable or w it h Cat eg ory 5 ( Cat 5 ) Et hern et cable. Most wir eless equip ment , how ever , m oun t s indoor s an d conn ect s t o t h e ant enna syst em w it h coax cable. Theref ore, in ever y case, y ou need t o select an indoor locat ion t o house som e Best pr act ices f orent plan ning m en t ofy ou br oad bandmu WWANs. ph ysical equipm . The indand oor deploy locat ion t h at ch oose st pr ov ide t h e follow ing: Lear n in sidlier ipsThe f rom anion ex perienced eless indleust r y lead Accessibi t y t— locat m u st allowwir r easonab access t oert h e equipm ent for in st allat ion and serv icin g. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Se curi t y a nd access cont r ol — The locat ion m u st pr event un aut hor ized p er sonn el fr om Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access gainin g access t o t h e eq uipm ent and perh aps t u rn ing it of f or r em ov ing it . Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea P ow e r a va il ab il it y — Suff icient AC or DC pow er m ust b e av ailab le t o pow er t h e equipm ent . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Te m p er at u re cont r ol— The locat ion m u st not get h ot enou gh or cold enou gh t o ex ceed Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork t he operat in g t em per at ur e lim it s of t he equ ipm en t . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y H um id it y cont r ol— The locat ion m u st not be t oo w et or t oo hum id. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) D ust cont r ol— The locat ion shou ld b e r easonab ly clean and dust fr ee t o p r ev ent dust or dir om 1collect inside w ir11 eless equ ip m t an causing pr em e failur Uset fr 8 02. 1a, 80ing 2. 11 b, andt h8e02. g equ ipm enen t m or ed successfully inatyur our ow n e. hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Mi ni m a l di st an ce t o an t en na — The ar ea should be locat ed as close as p ossible t o t he ar w her he annet t enwna stch emit ect is ur locat ed yt our o min imeless ize signal loss Chea oose t hee rt ight or ksyar e f or w ir net w or k in t h e cab lin g. Access o casical bl e sit rout ingv ey past hs— ment locat ustv eys hav e access t o cab le Con duct t phy e sur an d r The ad io-equip f r eq uency ( RF) ion sit emsur r out es t h at go t o t he ar ea w her e t he an t enna sy st em w ill be inst alled. Th e cab le rou t es m ight of con , cabwle racew crork awslsp aces, dr opceilin areas, air plenu ms, orLicensef r eeconsist b r oadban d wduit ir eless ideareaays, net w ( WW ANs) pr ov id e gfast deploym ent of low her- sp cabling p at-hs. cost , ot high eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost TIit iv Pe. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohib com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or I f ot her w ir eless eq uipm ent is in st alled in t he bu ild in g, ask w her e it is in st alled. I f w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of cabling access t o t hat locat ion is good , consid er placin g y our eq uipm ent in t h e same 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

locat ion.

Minimizing the Distance Between the Equipment and the Antenna I n most cases, t he p er f orm an ce of y our wir eless n et w or k im pr ov es t he closer t h e w ireless • Table of Content s equipm ent is m ount ed t o t he ant en na. Th is occur s b ecause t h e shor t er t he lengt h of t h e ant enn a • I ndex cable, t he m or e signal t hat reaches t h e eq uipm ent . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

AsJack m uch as possible, ch oose an in door locat ion t hat is as close as p ossible t o t he ant enna By Unger locat ion. For exam p le, if y ou hav e a choice bet w een a locat ion t hat is 60 f eet ( 18 m et er s) f rom t he Pub antlish enna andPress a locat ion t hat is 350 f eet ( 106 m et ers) fr om t h e ant enna, ch oose t he 6 0- feet er: Cisco aw ay locat ion b ecause t h e per for m ance and r ange of you r w ir eless n et w or k is m ax imized. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 I f you Iar e evalu at ing a com m unicat ions t ow er as an ant en na locat ion, av oid going t oo high on Pages: 35 2 t o go on ly high enoug h t o cover t h e ar ea w here you r cust om er s ar e locat ed . t he t ow er . Plan Going t oo high incr eases y our cost s for cab lin g, in st allat ion labor , and m aint enan ce lab or. I n add it ion , t he cost of mou nt ing on a t ower f r eq uent ly is m or e ex pensiv e t he h igher y ou go. Goin g t oo high also incr eases t he ex posur e of y our sy st em t o add it ional noise an d int er f er ence.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Gaining Access to the Roof Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Most building r oofs con t ain air cond it ioners and vent ilat ion syst em s. To inst all an d ser vice t hese syst em s, m st ost buildin hav e a t w ay un t o der r each r oofat frion om of inside t he bu ild access Under and t he pgs rinciples h at lie t thhe e oper all wir eless sying. st emRoof s m et hods in clud e st airw ay s t o t he at t ic, d oor s, and roof h at ches fr om t h e at t ic t o t he r oof , and ladderLear s atnt ached how t ot opra ov w all. id e pr Occasionally of it ab le and , yrou eliable w ill fw ind ir eless a b uilding I nt er net w it access h no ex ist in g r oof access. I n sit uat ions lik e t his, it m ig ht be necessar y t o p lace y our ow n lad der against an ou t sid e w all of t he Select mbost iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea bu ild in g andt he clim t o eff t h eect r oof. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

TI P

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Be sur e t o mak e a not e of sit uat ion s in w h ich y our inst allat ion cr ew w ill need t o ladd er ice tthhem e bu siness pr inciples usedt ob br y successf ( WI SPs) tPr heact roof selv es. They w ill need ing a lonulg wir lad eless der w IitSPs h t hem, and t hey w ill need m or e t im e t o com p let e t h e inst allat ion b ecause t h ey mu st use r opes t o r aise an d Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, low er ant ennas, t ools, an d equ ipm en t u p on t o t he r oof. or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) Routing the Cables

sit e sur v eys

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Tr y t, ohigh locat e eed t h e shor patwhirfeless rom t Ihe indnet ooraccess. equipmLicenseent locat t he out echnolog t door an tyendeliv na er s cost - sp " lastt-est m ile" nt er fr ion ee wt oir eless locat ion. Use ex ist in g cab le pat hs wh en ev er possible. One of t he m ost challenging p art s of t he t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ph ysical sit e su r vey is f in ding a way t o r out e t he cable f rom t he ou t sid e of t he b uilding t o t he s t o cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager inside. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of TI P 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Building m anag er s an d ow n er s ar e concern ed ab out p r ev ent ing dam age cau sed by w at er leak ing int o t heir bu ild ings. Tell t he building m anag er t hat you w ould pr efer not t o dr ill holes ( and esp ecially not ver t ical holes t hat r ain w at er cou ld p ass t hr ough ) t o br ing y our cabling inside. The man ager w ill appr eciat e t hat you ar e aw ar e of and t h at y ou r espect t he need s of t heir comp any .

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I f possib le, t ry t o f in d and use an ex ist ing cab le en t r y hole int o t he b uilding . These ex ist ing holes • I ndex m ight be h oles f or ot h er cab les, v en t ilat ion g rat es, elect r ical condu it s, or roof j acks. Th e buildin g De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks m anager can oft en adv ise you of exist ing cable r out in g p at hs an d an sw er y our q uest ion s abou t By Jack Unger w hich rou t es are accept able. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 200 3 Surveying the 26, Roof I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

When Pages: y ou ar35e2 on t h e roof , t ak e a good look ar ound . Locat e any ex ist ing ant enna inst allat ions. Not e h ow t he ot her ant enn as ar e m ount ed t o or on t he bu ild in g and not ice w her e t heir cabling r uns. Make a dr aw ing of t he r oof t op and indicat e t he heig ht of t he r oof abov e gr ou nd. Ad d t he locat ions of t he ot her ant enn as and any lar ge pieces of r ooft op equip ment . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

TI P n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Lear Not e t hsteand locat ionp of exist ing pow s. These com in han lat er Under t he rinciples t h AC at un dererlieout t h let e oper at ion wofillall wire eless sydy st em s , such as du rin g in st allat ion w hen d r ills n eed t o b e r echar ged or t est equ ip m en t needs t o be Learged n how plug in . t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Determining Where to Point the Antenna

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork From t he r eview of y our pr elim inar y net w or k desig n, y ou kn ow t h e com p ass h ead ings w h er e En tjoy t h e nsat isf tact y our an en nas eed o pion oin of t . p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y act ice t h eetbu pr inciples I SPs Tur n yProur m agn ic siness com pass un t il t h eused nor tbhy( successf N) m ar k ulis wir un eless der t he m ar( WI k edSPs) end of t he com pass needle. The n eedle is p oin t ing t ow ar d m ag net ic Nort h. Mar k an ar r ow on you r r ooft op dr aw ing Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, show ing w her e Nort h is r elat ive t o t he sides of t h e bu ild in g. Th e m ark at t h e t op cent er of t h e or ou t door env ir onm en t com pass dial show s t h e dir ect ion t hat y ou are f acing. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Tur n t he com pass d ial unt il t he com pass heading f or y our an t en na is at t h e t op cent er of t h e dial. Slow ly t urphy n ysical our bsit ody un vt ileyt he k edio-end t he com eedle Con duct e sur s anmar d r ad f r eqof uency ( RF)pass sit e nsur v eyson ce again is und er t he N m ar k . You are now f acin g in t h e dir ect ion t hat y our ant en na n eeds t o poin t . Mar k t h is heading on you r frrooft d raw ing w alkw idet ow ar d t hat sid e sof( tWW he bANs) uilding t oidlook fordeploym p laces tent o mou nt Licenseee bop r oadban d wand ir eless area net w ork pr ov e fast of low y our an t en na. cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Icable f you com r antpanies. enn a is WWANs t o be m oun t ed Ion a net sq uar or a pr t rov ianider gular ower ,and exam ineorat t hee tIow eranager legs and enable nt er sere vice s ( It SPs) corp Tm s to tdeploy he flat t thow er f aces and select t he leg or t he face t hat is poin t ing t he closest t o y our d esir edings eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ant a d irwect ion.t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost andenn ar eas here pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs andWhere ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Determining to Place the Antenna 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

You can p lace an d m ou nt you r ant enn a using sev er al good m et hods. A flat , clear, hor izont al r oof ar ea on t he side of t h e bu ild in g t hat you r ant enn a needs t o face is p rob ably t he best m ount in g locat ion. A flat v er t ical wall t hat faces t he d irect ion t hat y our ant enna needs t o point can also b e used. Th e peak or t h e r id gelin e of a r oof is t h e w orst locat ion t o mou nt an an t enna. Figur e 4- 1 show s exam p les of som e of t he best m ount in g locat ions.

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Figu r e 4 - 1 . An t e nn a- M oun t i ng Loca t i on Ex am p le s

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k I f t he r oof has in dust r ial equip ment such as air condit ioner s or v ent ilat ion equ ipm en t , select y our Con duct phy sit e sur an der dist ad iof r eqaw uency e sur v eys ant enn a- m ount in gsical locat ions t ov ey bessom ance ay or( RF) in asit locat ion w her e t he equ ipm en t is behind t h e ant enn as. This w ay , t he equ ipm en t w on 't block t he LOS p at h. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t hTE eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings NO and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib iv e.er Deploy ing Licenseeless w orinf k sorismat t heion f ir abou st book pr ov ides Chitapt 5, " Select in g An t Fr enee na Wir Sy st ems,Wide" hasArea add itNet ional t ant hat t en nacom plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m ount in g har dw ar e. Ch apt er 7, " I nst alling Out door Wir eless Sy st em s," has mor e m at ion f or w ireless I SPs andabou ot her or ganizat g ppor out door cov er inf orm at ion t inst alling tion he sandeploy t ennainsu t harwir dw eless ar e. I WANsf y ou wincluding ant t o b ecom e age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s m or e fam iliar w it h t hese d et ails, look t h rou gh t hose chap t er s n ow.

Be aw ar e of t he v isual im pact t hat you r ant enn as w ill hav e. Whenev er p ossible, choose a locat ion t h at w ill m ak e y our ant en nas less visible fr om t he st r eet lev el.

Avoiding Nearby Obstacles • Table of Content s •

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From youLir cense r oof,- Fr n ot nearb obst acles De pl oy ing ee eWany ir e le ss W i dey- Ar e a Ne tw orin ks t he dir ect ion t hat you r ant enn a w ill poin t , such as near by t r ees or bu ild in gs. I f t he ob st acles ar e high er t han ( or alm ost as h ig h as) y our ant en na, By Jack Unger t he LOS pat h t hat y our sy st em n eeds is obst r uct ed . Add t hese obst acles t o y our r oof t op dr aw in g, not in g t he dir ect ion , app rox im at e height , and app rox im at e dist ance. I f t hese obst acles ar e Pub lish Press pr esent , er: y ouCisco m ust eit h er mov e y our ant enna t o a dif ferent , less ob st r u ct ed par t of t he r oof or Puby our Dat e:ant February r aise enna 26, un200 t il 3it is ab ove t he obst acles. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Avoiding Power Lines I f pow er lines ru n alon g t he side of t h e buildin g n ear t he r oof, you m ust ch oose an an t en nam ount in g locat ion far en ough aw ay f rom t he pow er lines so t h at t he ant enn a an d t h e ant enn a supp m ices ast cann ot hit t heand p owdeploy er lin es if tthof e ant ennband a f alls. Best ort pr act f or plan ning m en br oad WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and W ARNI NGt he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear ny ear how, pt oeop pr le ov are id e pr ofned it ab le and r eliable ir eless I ntfer access Each b ur and killed w h enw ant en nas allnet and hit pow er lin es. D O NOT EVEN THI NK of placin g an an t en na or a sup por t m ast close enough t o pow er lines Select m ost e es equip antwenn a sy st s f. or y our ar ea so t h at tithecou ld heff it tect h eivlin if it ment fell ovand er or as blow n em ov er Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Avoiding Distant Obstacles En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y I f dist ant obst acles, such as t all bu ild ings or hills, ex ist along y our LOS p at h, y ou lik ely ar e Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) alr ead y aw are of t hem fr om y our pr elim inar y net w or k desig n wor k . I f t hese obst r uct ions in t ru de int o you r Fresnel zon e, t hey add add it ion al loss, wh ich can pr ev ent you r link f rom wor k ing. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t From t he r oof t op of a fou r- st or y b uilding, you can oft en ident ify t all buildin gs up t o 10 or m or e m iles ( 1 6 km ) away . I n t he mor nin g on a clear d ay, y ou m ight be ab le t o ident if y t all h ills an d Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k m ount ain s 25 or m or e m iles ( 4 0 km ) away . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys From you r r oof, n ot e any dist ant ob st acles and ad d t h em t o y our dr aw in g w it h t h e appr ox imat e dist ance,f r height , and dir ect ion . Mov ingarea you rnet ant o a dANs) if fer ent of t hdeploym e r oof went ill profobably Licenseee b r oadban dw ir eless w idewenn ork sa (tWW pr ovaridea e fast low not help you av oid t h ese ob st acles. You will n eed t o raise y our an t en na h igher t o clear t h emer . s cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficientHeight b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Determining Antenna and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr it ivme. Deploy Frt ee Wirneed elesss Widew or s is t,he f irtstw book prht ovab ides Toohib d et er ine how ing highLicensey our an en na t o b e Area abov eNet t he grkound st ar it h t het hat h eig ove com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or gr oun d of t he r oof, and t hen do t he f ollow ing : w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I f nearb y obst acles ex ist t h at y ou can not st ay clear of by m ov ing y our ant en na t o a clearer ar ea of t he r oof , add t h e height need ed t o clear t h e obst acle. Rem em b er ing t hat 60 per cen t of t h e Fr esnel zone n eeds t o b e clear ; if any dist ant ob st acles exist t hat in t r ude in t o m or e t han 40 p er cen t of y our Fr esn el zone, add t h e addit ional height needed f or Fr esnel zon e clear ance abov e t h e obst acle. •

I f you r pat h is long er t han app rox im at ely 7 m iles ( 11 km ) , you m ight need t o add of Content s add it ionTable al ant en na h eigh t t o clear t he ear t h b ulge, as d escr ib ed in Ch apt er 2.

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De pl oyKnow ing Li cense ss Wt i de Ar eyaour Ne tw orenna ks ing t h- Fr e ee t otWalir ehleeigh t h -at ant

needs t o be abov e t h e gr oun d, sub t ract t he r oof f rom t he t ot al ant enn a height . The r esult is t h e height t hat y our an t en na need s t o b e m ount ed abov e t h e r oof.

By Jack height Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Selecting the Antenna-Mounting Structure I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

You now k now t he f ollowin g ab out you r pr oposed ant enna sy st em: The d irect ion t hat t he an t en na n eeds t o p oin t Best pr actlocat ices ion f or plan ning and deploy m en of na br oad WWANs. The on t he r oof w her e t he an tt en will band b e clear of ot h er ant ennas, n ear b y obst acles, r oof t op eq uipm ent , an d p ow er lines Lear in sid t ips f rom anna exnperienced eless r y lead er The hn eig ht er t hat t he an t en eeds t o b ewir abov e tind he ust r oof Under and t he p rinciples at unan derd lie t hical e oper at ion of allcan wir eless s The avstailabilit y of flat r oof t h areas v ert w alls, w hich ser v e sy asstpem ossible an t en nam ount in g locat ions Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Mak e a not e of t h e area t hat you r ecom m end t he an t en na sy st em be m oun t ed in. I n dicat e t his Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea ar ea on you r r ooft op dr aw ing . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize tthe he ef Antenna fect s of noise and int er fer en ce Grounding System

on y our net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y To b e safe as well as legal, all out door ant enna syst em s m ust be pr operly g r ound ed and pr ot ect romt hlig ht nin g. pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Pred actfice e bu siness Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

NO TE t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Ch oose At prduct ess tphy im e,sical t he sit Nat Elect ( inuency t he Unit ed sit Steatsur es)v eys r eq uir es t hat ev ery Con e ion sural v ey s anr dical r adCode io- f r eq ( RF) ant enn a m ast b e gr oun ded. Coax ial cable shields m ust also be g rou nded. Each condu ct or of a Catd 5w ir cable in garea in door roms (an ouANs) t doorpran enena mudeploym st be pr ent ot ectofedlow Licensef r ee b r oadban elessr unn w idenetswfork WW ovtid fast it h an e eless unit (Iantligh t ning ar r estLicenseor ) wh erfreeet hweircable er s t he y deliv er s cost , whigh - sp an eedt enna " last -disch m ile"arg w ir er net access. eless ent t echnolog ild in g.s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hesebu benefit cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost The f ollow inDeploy g sect ion an ov erv iewWir bueless t not Widea comArea plet eNet t r eat t of t h feir subj ect of gr ound in g pr ohib it iv e. ing is LicenseFr ee w ormken s is t he st book t hat pr ov ides and light ning pr ot ect ion . The p ur pose is t o giv e you a basic int r oduct ion t o lig ht ning p rot ect ionf or com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion so t h at y ou can d et er m in e w her e t o r out e t he g rou nd w ire f or y our an t enna sy st em. For mor e w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of inf orm at ion abou t t h e gr oun ding r eq uirem ent s in y our ar ea, do t he f ollow ing : 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Con su lt y our local b uilding or plan ning depar t m en t t o learn w hat local r ules and regu lat ions ar e in place. Talk w it h an elect r ician t o gain t he benefit of h is local ex per ien ce. Refer t o t he Nat ion al Elect r ical Code f or t he lat est g uidelines. • •

Content s nding st and ard s inf orm at ion sour ces list ed in App en dix B, " Wir eless Use t heTable add itofional gr ou I ndex Har dw ar e, Soft w ar e, and Serv ices Pr ov ider Or gan izat ion s. "

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Providing Protection from Lightning Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pubt ning Dat e: pr February 26, (200 3 t ning ar rest or ) w or k s by p rov iding a low - im pedan ce pat h t o g r ound for A ligh ot ect or ligh t he highv olt I SBN: 1-age, 58 705 h -0igh69 -2 cur r ent elect r ical ener gy cont ained in a light n ing st rik e. All out d oor w ireless ant35 enna syst em s m ust cont ain a ligh t ning p rot ect or or sur g e su ppr essor . Pages: 2

Wit hou t a lig ht n in g pr ot ect or , t h e energ y fr om a dir ect or a n ear b y lig ht ing st r ike t r av els t o t h e gr oun d by passing t hr oug h ( an d dam aging or d est r oyin g) t he w ir eless eq uipm ent and t he w ir ed net w or k equipm ent . The bu ild ing housing t he eq uipm ent can also be dam aged, an d t h e people w it hin t he b uilding can be inj ur ed . Ev en an inst alled ligh t ing pr ot ect or cannot pr ov id e pr oper Best pr ion act ices f or itplan ning and of br oad band pr ot ect u nless connect s t o deploy a goodmgren out nd con nect ion .WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Locating the Grounding Point

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Locat ing t h e best gr oun ding poin t is on e of t he m ost challengin g p art s of perf or m in g a sit e Lear n how itt ocan pr ov pricu of itltab anda rgood eliable ir eless I nt access sur vey b ecause b id ee diff t olefind grw ound p oin t er t h net at allow s a sh ort , st raig ht , lar gediam et er gr ound w ir e t o b e r un fr om t h e ant enn a sy st em t o t he gr ound . Figur e 4- 2 sh ows t he Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea ideal gr ou nding scen ario. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Figu r e 4 - 2 . I de a l G r ou n din g a nd Li ght ni ng- Pr ot e ct i on Scen ar i o

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 8 02. 11eb,isand 02.t he 11 gshor equt est ipmpen t m or elar successfully in gr y our owwnirhom e, off The bUse est gr oun1d1a, w ir80 e 2. r out t o r8un ossible ge- diam et er ound e st raig htice, or ou t door env ir onm en t dow n fr om t he ant en na sy st em t o an 8- f oot ( 2. 4 m ) gr oun d r od. Cheoose t he ight w orop k ar it ect f or yed ourt oo w irf ar eless netfw or k t he ear t h t o allow y ou t o I n som sit uat ionrs, t henet r ooft anch t en na ur is elocat aw ay rom r un a shor t gr ound w ir e. One alt er nat iv e is t o gr ound t h e ant enna syst em t o t he b uilding. I f sit ese surwvitey d r adit iof r eq uency RF)ion sit eequ suripvm eys t her e Con is aduct roof tphy op sical pent hou h sairancond ioning or v en (t ilat en t inside, y ou mig ht be able t o at t ach t he g rou nd w ire d irect ly t o t he bu ild ing' s st r uct ur al st eel. Ask t h e facilit y m anager Licensef r ee b tr he oadban ir eless w idearea net w orkent s ( WW ANs) t o help select best ,dmwost d ir ect g rou nd at t achm p oint . pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar TIeas P w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r ealar t -at of in tish d esign, allat , oper at ion, sup epor in for Resist t he w u rorld ge t o" stuse r oof op" elect r icalinst gr ou nd ion point su ch as t an he df ram oft an airm at ion f or w ireless I SPs andorotaher or ganizat inrgical outcondu door wir eless WANsincluding condit ioner connect ion t ion o msetdeploy al elect it . These elect rical g rou ndcov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802ions .1 1b, 802 .1ally 1g, lon andg pr ietdir ary - prand ot ocol et wdoresign k s. This neut r al book cover s connect ar e usu anopr d in ect are nnot ed t ov endor pr ov id- e pr oper

pr ot ect ion f r om light n in g. You m ust eit h er locat e a suit able light ning- p r ot ect ion gr oun d point or p lan t o hav e one in st alled w hen t h e ant enn a sy st em is in st alled.

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Table of Content s I ndex

The ligh t ning p rot ect or m ust also be gr ou nded. Th e m ost eff ect iv e locat ion f or t he light n ing pr ot ect or is at t h e point w her e t he an t enna cab le ( or t he Et her net cable, if By Jackpow Unger er - over - Et h er net [ PoE] eq uipm ent is used ) ent er s t he building . Again, for ef fect iv e pr ot ect ion, use an 8- foot ( 2. 4m ) gr ound r od. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35the 2 Revising Preliminary Network Design

Based on y our p hy sical sit e sur vey f inding s, it m ight be necessar y f or y ou t o r evise y our pr elim inar y n et w or k d esign. Use t h e suggest ions in Table 4 - 1 as a gu ide t o over come com m on sit e pr oblem s. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Tab le 4 -1 . Sol ut ion s t o Ph ysical Si t e Pr obl em s

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s P robl emn how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable Sol i on I nt er net access Lear w irut eless LO SP at h t he m Ther e ect is no pat h on and a antRev int er m ed iat e r elay or Select ost eff iv eLOS equip ment enn ise a syt hstat emlink s f ort oyuse our an ar ea Probl em s single b ack bon e lin k or end r ep eat er locat ion. user Av oid com m on p itlink falls. encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Ther e is a lack of sever al LOS Ch oose a high er hub sit e locat ion , one wit h Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork pat h s t o or fr om a hub sit e. bet t er LOS p at hs t o t he end user locat ions. isf act of appr p rovopr iding w ir eless IEr n tect ern et access t oeryou untitoypr ovid e H ub En Sijoy t e t h e satTher e ion is no iat e a sh ort t ow onr tcomm he r oof An t en na locat ion t o m ount ant enn as add it ion al ant en na- m ount in g space; if t h at is Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Probl em s at a hu b sit e. not possible, mov e t h e hu b sit e t o a d if fer en t locat ion. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir e onm en t1 00 feet separ at e Mor t h an Find a new equ ipm en t - m ount in g locat ion t he hub sit e w ireless closer t o t he an t enna sy st em; Ch oose t he r equipm ight netent w orand k ar ch e f or y our w ir eless net w or k t heit ect antur enna or syst em . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Use an ind oor or ou t door w ir eless equipm ent License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s (itWW pr ov id et olerat fast deploym entleofr uns; low ar ch ect uANs) re t hat can e long cab cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct ors or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or kBud s t hat h ig access get deliver t o use m orhe speed ex pensiv e, larfgorerbu - ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is diam eit h eretcom pleter ely unav ailable or is cost er , low - loss coax . pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides The "hstub e fant enn a esign, syst eminst Get f romataion, m oran e exp er por ienced w irmeless com plet e, r eal- w orld ar tsit - t oin ish " d allat help ion , oper d sup t in for at ion f or design is diff icu lt . syst em d esigner . w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Roof t op Cost P robl em

The cost for r oof space is t oo high .

I nv est igat e t he u se of ot her low er - cost hig helev at ion locat ions, su ch as p riv at e hom es or bu sin esses, w h er e y ou can t r ade I n t er net access f or r oof sp ace.

Physical Criteria and Conclusion • Table of Evaluation Content s •

I ndex

Your De pl oyphy ing sical Li cense sit- Fr e ee surWvirey e lefind ss Win i de gs- Arneeed a Nettw o or b ekspr eser ved and com mu nicat ed . The in for m at ion t hat yByou d ev elop w ill d et er m ine if t he sit e is p hy sically su it able f or you r w ir eless net w ork . I f t h e sit e Jack Unger is accept able, you r sur vey inf or mat ion can be a guid e dur ing t he in st allat ion pr ocess. Th is is w hy it is im por t an t t o clear ly docum ent all you r fin dings, com m en t s, and r ecom m en dat ions. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub4Dat 3 am ple of a for m t h at y ou can u se t o collect y our sit e su rv ey Table - 2 e:p rFebruary ovides 26, on 200 e ex I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 inf orm at ion. You can m odif y t his f orm t o m eet y our specific needs. Use t he t ear out car d at t he end ofPages: t his b35ook t o m ak e copies of t his f orm . 2

Tab le 4 -2 . Sam pl e of Phy si ca l Sit e Su r ve y Da t a For m

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Su rv ey or N a m e P hone / E- M ai l Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Si t e Add re ss Si t e Ow ne r Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Si t e Ma na ge r P hone / E- M ai l Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Facil it y Ma na ge r P hone / E- M ai l Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Ex ist in g W i re le ss Equi pm en t Ex ist in g A nt e nna Loca t ion s Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors N e w Equ ipm e nt Locat i on P ow e r Sour ce Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Pat h Le ng t h Fre sn el Zone Cl ea ra nce t hte sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir elessRoof I n t ern et access t ot ion you r comm un it y RoofEnHjoy e igh Access Loca Pr act t h et ion bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless SPs ( WI SPs) An t en na ice Loca An t en na H ei ght IAb ove Ground Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, An t en in g Ha rd An t en na H ea di ng/ Ti lt or na ou tMou doornt env ir onm enwt ar e N e ed ed Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k N e ar by Ob st ruct ion s D ist a nt Obst ru ct i ons Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Cab le Ty pe a nd Le ngt h Cab le Ent r y P oint License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Cab le Rou t e cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit w it htout irin h e use of pr odGround uct s or serv p rov by alocal Ground in g sLoca ion srequ ( Ma st gatnd W irices e Rout e ided ( Ma st nd t elep hone or cable com enable I nt er net ser vice ov ider s (rIan SPs) Bui ldi ng panies. Ent r an WWANs ce ) Buipr ldi ng Ent ce )and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Li ght n ingw P rot et ct D escri Li ght P rot ct ion Locat ionor is cost and ar eas here radion it ional w ir pt edion conn ect iv it y is eit hnering com pleteely unav ailable pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Si t e Ev al ua t ion Good Accep t ab le N ot com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Accep t ab le w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Com m e nt s a nd Re com m e nda t ion s Foll ow - Up I ssu es D ra w ing s At t a che d •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Radio Frequency (RF) Site Surveys The p hy sical sit e sur v ey pr ocess inspect s t he p hy sical env ir onm en t w h er e y our w ir eless equipm ent w ill pot ent ially be in st alled. I f y our p hy sical sit e sur v ey f inds t he sit e accep t able, t hen y our n ex t st ep is an RF sit e sur vey . The RF sit e sur vey ex amines t h e out d oor w ireless •env iron ment Table Content s or k m ust w ork w it h in . t hat of y our n et w •

I ndex

De Li cense - Fr ee W i de e a Ne tw or I t pl isoy a ing good policy t oWdiroe le anssRF sit- eArsur v ey forks each pot ent ial n ew inst allat ion because t he licensefr ee f requ en cies ar e shar ed b ands. Th er e is alw ay s t he p ossibilit y of int er fer en ce fr om ot h er By Jack Unger w ireless sy st ems. lish er: Cisco Press ThePub con sequ en ce of in st alling a wir eless net w or k incor rect ly in an ar ea w it h a h igh lev el of Pub 26, 200 3 t h e t hr ou ghput of y our n et w or k w ill be redu ced . Und er w or st - case int er ferDat ene:ceFebruary is sim ply t h at I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 condit ions, y our t hr oug hpu t m ight be less t han if y ou w er e using a 1 4. 4- k bp s dialup m odem. I f y ou p lan Pages: t o 35 inst 2 all a hub sit e for a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k, an RF sur vey is a necessit y. The r isk of h avin g y our new net w or k not w ork pr operly is just t oo h ig h. D on't t ak e a chan ce; do t he RF sit e sur v ey and m axim ize y our likelihood of inst allin g a r eliable, h ig h- t h rou ghp ut net w ork .

At t his poin t , y ou'r e p rob ably w ond er ing if t her e ar e ev er any sit u at ion s w her e you can skip t he RF sur v ey w it hout r unn in g t oo m uch r isk t h at y our new syst em w on' t w or k . Yes—you can sk ip Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. t he RF sit e sur vey if y ou in st all a poin t - t o- point link ( or t he cust om er en d of a point - t om ult ipoint link ) an d y ou k now t h at t h e follow ing condit ions are t ru e: Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er No ot her w ir teless sy st em s tar e in he lie ar ea t h eatsam eq uency t o sy cau Under st and he p rinciples h at untder t h eonoper ion eoff rall wir eless st se emin s t er f er ence. A clear LOSt opat s tof o itt ab he le otand her end of t he . I nt er net access Lear n how prhovex idist e pr r eliable w irlink eless Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Overview of the RF Site Survey Process

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

The pMinim ur poseize oft he an ef RFfect sitse of surnoise v ey isand t o accomp lishcet he int er fer en on fyollowin our netg:w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Det erm ine if sign als are alr eady p resen t in t he area t hat are st r ong enou gh t o cause int er fer t o siness y our n pr ewinciples sy st emused b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Pr act iceen t hce e bu Docum ent t he80 signal t y pe, t h,g direct ion, ion of tin hey ot her p resen t Use 8 02. 1 1a, 2. 11 b, andst8reng 02. 11 equ ipm en an t mdorpolarizat e successfully our owsignals n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ev aluat e t he sit e t o see if t he w ir eless env iron ment has a low enou gh lev el of int er ference and noise allownet you r new w ir eless t o woper at e net r eliably Ch oose t het or ight w or k ar ch it ect ur esyst f or em y our ir eless w or k t h er e You mCon ig htduct w onder w hy sit it emsur at tvers her nals ar e( pr esent It m at t er s because int erf erence phy sical ey swh anatd ot r ad io- sig f r eq uency RF) sit e. sur v eys t o you r syst em can occur fr om ot h er sy st em s t h at ar e alr eady pr esen t in t he sam e ar ea w her e yLicenseou w anftr ee d epbloy you r d new st emw.ideI f yarea ou exnet perwience er fer ence, t he e w ill pr obably also r oadban w irsy eless ork s (int WW ANs) pr ov id eopp fastosit deploym ent of low be e—y-our sy st" last em -wmillile" cause int erfI erence t he ot her syst em . Iw f ir you k now ab out ot her er s costt ru , high sp eed w ir eless nt er nett oaccess. Licensefr ee eless t echnolog y deliv near sy st em plan deploy y our syst em a w ices ay t hat inim by izeslocal int ert elep ference t hesebybenefit s s, w ityhou outcan requ irin tgo t h e use of pr od uct s orin serv p rovmided honeanord allow su ccessf ul, WWANs h ig h t hr ough putI nt oper at ion b otprhov syider st ems. cable scom panies. enable er net serof vice s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or NO ITE w ireless SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

You can f ind m uch m or e inf or mat ion abou t m inim izing int erf erence in Ch apt er 8.

RF Site Survey Test Equipment RF sit e sur v ey t est eq uipm ent ran ges fr om PC- based u t ilit y pr ogr ams t o f ull- feat ur ed RF • Table of Content s spect ru m analy zer s. You need t he f ollow ing equip ment t o perf or m an RF sit e sur vey : •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

p hy sical By Jack The Unger

sit e sur v ey eq uipm ent list ed ear lier in t h is ch apt er .

A spect r um an alyzer w it h an in st ru ct ion m anu al. The spect r um analy zer m ust cov er t he fr equ en cy b ands t hat you plan t o use. I n som e cases, a PC- based sit e sur v ey ut ilit y can b e Pub Dat e:in February used place 26, of a200sp3 ect r um analyzer .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

IPages: f you r35equipm ent is not bat t er y pow er ed , y ou n eed 100 t o 20 0 f t ( 3 0 t o 6 0 m ) of AC 2 ext ension cord . A 3 0 dB at t en uat or t h at can be p laced in t h e coaxial cable b et ween t he an t en na an d t he spect ru m analy zer . Best pr f ornidir plan ning and of br WWANs. A act 6 dices Bi om ect ional antdeploy enna tm o en chteck f oroad sigband nals com in g fr om all d ir ect ions. A 1 0–1 4 dBi pan el ant enn a t o ch eck f or sig nals com ing fr om specif ic dir ect ion s. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

NO TE

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea I f you alr ead y k now w h at t y pe of an t en na you r link w ill use, plan t o t est wit h t h at enn d ur g you r sit e su Av oidant com maon p itinfalls encount errv edeyb.y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork A w ir eless sniff er, pr ot ocol analy zer , or sit e su rv ey ut ilit y . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) UseP8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, TI or ou t door env ir onm en t A w ir eless pr ot ocol an aly zer can be add ed t o supplem en t , b ut n ot r eplace, a spect ru m Ch oose net w oran k ar ch .1 it ect y our w irzer eless w or analy zer.t he Forr ight ex am ple, 802 1b ur preotf or ocol analy or net pack et ksniff er can b e helpfu l if y ou p lan t o deploy m ult ip le 802 .1 1b access point s in t h e m iddle of a mediu m- t o- lar g e Con phy sur v ey s an d r ad io-det f r eqerm uency RF)nusitmeber sur of v eys cit y. duct The pr otsical ocol sit an ealyzer can help y ou ine t( he ot her 80 2. 11b access point s in t he v icinit y , t h eir fr eq uency , and t heir app r oxim at e dir ect ion . You should st ill Licensef r ee r oadban w ir veless area rnet ork s (zer WWt oANs) id eces fastofdeploym ent of low per for m ban RF sit ed sur ey w w it hidea spect umwanaly locatpreov sour n on- 80 2. 11b cost , signals high - span eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s d st r ong signals ou t sid e of t he 2 .4 - GHz band . t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost How Analyzer Works pr ohib itaivSpectrum e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs ot her ganizat deploy in gerout wirbe eless WANscovoss er age of a A spect r um anand alyzer is aorver y- widion e- bsand r eceiv t hdoor at can adj ust ed t oincluding r eceiv e acr eit her 80ide 2. 11a, 1b,r ang 802e.1of1g, and pr opr iet ot ocol n et wsorv kisu s. ally Thisdisp v endor neut r alalbook cover s w or a 802 nar r.1ow fr equencies. Spary ect-rpr um analyzer lay t-he sign energ y

t hat t hey f ind at each fr eq uency . A w ide r eceiv e r ange can look at a w ide b and of fr equencies simu lt aneously, su ch as f rom 240 0 MHz t o 250 0 MHz. A n arr ow receiv e r ang e ex am ines a sing le fr equ en cy or a single sign al all by it self, su ch as 2 442 MHz.

Spectrum Analyzer Input •The sp ect r umTable of Content an alyzer is as sensit iv e r eceiv er t h at is designed t o d et ect low sig nal levels r eceiv ed •fr om wh at ever I ndex ant en na y ou connect t o t he in put . For ex am ple, a signal lev el of + 2 0 d Bm ( 10 0 De pl oyor inghigh Li cense - Fr eeov W er ir eload le ss Wai de - Ar e raum Ne tw or ks zer and per m anent ly dam age it . This d amag e is m W) er can spect analy exp en siv e t o repair . To pr ot ect t he in put circuit r y , m any spect r um an aly zer s hav e bu ilt - in inp ut By Jack Unger at t enu at ors t hat can b e sw it ched ON t o r ed uce t he amp lit u de of st r ong signals. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

TI Pages: P

35 2

I t is a good hab it t o begin each of you r RF sit e sur v ey s b y swit chin g t he bu ilt - in at t enu at or ON. Af t er y ou check t he sign al levels and y ou see t h at non e of t he lev els is high enou gh t o cause d amag e, you can sw it ch t he at t en uat or OFF. Best Ipr act ices f or ru plan ning and deploy m en t of WWANs. f you r spect m analy zer does not hav e abrboad uilt -band in in put at t enu at or, you can buy a low cost 30 - dB at t en uat or an d man ually inser t it b et w een t h e ant enn a an d t h e inpu t connect . When see no ex cep twir ionally r ong nals er ar e pr esent , you can Lear n inorsid er t ipsyfou rom ant hat ex perienced elessstind ust rsig y lead r em ov e t h e at t enuat or and con t inue wit h y our t est ing . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Refer t o t he in st ru ct ion m anu al t hat came wit h y our sp ect r um an alyzer t o find t h e m axim um saf e inpu t Select lev el. t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Spectrum Analyzer Output

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

The ou t he spect zer is gr aphI nof sigetnal st r en tgt v err sus f r eq The Ent pu joyt tf rom h e sat isf act ionr um of pan rovaly iding w iraeless t ern access o hyou comm unuency. it y hor izont al ( x- axis) of t h e spect r u m display show s t h e fr equency r ang e t hat is being r eceiv ed. Th e x - axisPrisact usually ed intpr o inciples 10 div ision s. For a w ide sw r ange, t h ese ivisions ar e adj ust ed ice t h ediv buid siness used b y successf ul eep wir eless I SPs ( WIdSPs) t o be lar ge. For exam ple, a set t ing of 1 0 MHz per d iv ision r esu lt s in a t ot al receiv ing r ange of 10 0 MHz. Use 8For 02. a 1 1a, n arr80 ow2.sw 11 eep b, and r ang 8 02. e, t11 heg dequ iv ision ipmsenart emadj or eust successfully ed t o be sminall. y our A set owt ing n hom of 10 e, off ice, k iloh er ort zou( kt door Hz) per envdirivonm ision enrtesu lt s in a r eceivin g r ang e of 10 0 k Hz. The cent Ch oose er f requ t he en r ight cy on nett w heorxk- ax ar is ch is it ect also ur eadju f or st y our able.w ir This eless is net eit her w ortkhe sing le fr equency b eing exam ined or t he cent er of t h e fr equ en cy b and being ex am ined. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys The v er t ical ( y- ax is) of t h e spect r um display show s t he sig nal st r en gt h ( am plit ud e) . The y - ax is is Licenser ee r oadban ir eless wision ide- area net s n( WW pr ov id e lin fast deploym of low fr equ en tfly divb id ed int od8wor 10 div s. Mov inw g ork d ow t he ANs) y - ax is, each em ark s a ent sig nal level " last ile" ir eless er tnet w ir eless y deliv tcost hat , ishigh 10 -tsp imeed es low er -(m10 dBwlow er ) tIhntan he access. div ision Licenseabov e itfr . ee Th ese sign alt echnolog lev els gener allyer s s w itt h0out requ g t hdow e use pr od s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or rt hese ange benefit fr om abou dBm ( 1irin mW) n t of o –10 0 uct d Bm. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy By look tinh geiratown b ot hcost t he- efficient display ax b r is oadban simu ltdaneously n et w or k sand t hatobser deliver v ingh ig t he h- speed sign al'saccess shap ef or ( also bu ild called ings and arral spect eas out wpu here t ) , it t rad is itpossib ional le w irt oedd et conn er mect in e iv it t he y issign eit halerstcom r en gt plet h, ely t he unav cent ailable er fr equor enis cycost , t h e- w idt h pr ohib of t he it sign iv e.al, Deploy and (ing w itLicenseh pr act ice) Fr eet he Wirt yeless pe ofWidem oduArea lat ionNet b eing w or kussed. is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or By using IaSPs dir and ect ional and at ing t he t enna if fer ent d irect ions w hile atage chinof g the w ireless ot herant orenna ganizat ionr ot s deploy in gan out door in wirdeless WANsincluding covwer signal lev el, can802 t ell.1t1g, he dir ectprion a -sig is com ing om . v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a, 802you .1 1b, and oprt h ietatary pr nal ot ocol n et w or kfrs. This

By shift in g you r dir ect ional ant enna fr om h or izon t al t o ver t ical polar izat ion w h ile wat ch in g t he signal lev el, you can t ell w h et h er a signal w as t r ansm it t ed f rom an an t enna t hat w as hor izont ally polar ized or ver t ically polar ized.

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NO TE Table of Content s I ndex

For add it ion al inf orm at ion abou t an t en na p olarizat ion , see t h e discussion in Ch apt er 5.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Inspecting a Band of Frequencies Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Most RF sit e sur vey w or k consist s of ex am ining a w ide b and of fr equencies t o d et er m ine if ot her 35 2esen t in or near t h e fr equ en cy b and t hat y ou p lan t o use. signalsPages: ar e pr

TE Best NO pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. This is a bit lik e using a w id e- an gle lens ( such as a 2 4 mm or a 2 8 m m lens) on a 35 m m cam er a. aw ea w it houwir t seein allust t her ylitlead t le det Lear n in sid er You t ipssee f rom anide exar perienced elessgind er ails of ever y t hing in t he pict ur e. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The f ollow in g ex am ples pr ovid e pr act ice set t ing t he sp ect r um analyzer an d seein g w h at t h e Select m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea out p ut lookst he lik e. mton p it falls encount er edb rboadcast y new wban ir eless netes w or oper ors t o 1 08 MHz. FM The stAv anoid darcom d Nor h Am erican FM r adio d r ang fr kom 88 at MHz r adio b road cast sig nals ar e not spr ead spect r um signals, bu t t hey are easy t o see on t h e Minim ize t zer he .efThat fect s's of noise and ferin entce on fyirst our t w net spect ru m analy w hy t hey ar eintuer sed hese ow exork amp les. t h ows e sattisf ion rof iding ir eless n t ern et access t o you comm uning it y t h e FM Figur eEn4-joy 3 sh heact spect ump rov analy zerwout p ut tIhat w ould b e v isible w rh en v iew br oadcast b and in a m ajor cit y w h er e y ou w ill see f rom 20 t o 4 0 d iff er ent st at ion s. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Figu r e 4 - 3 . W ide Spect r u m Ana ly ze r Fr eq ue ncy Cove r ag e Di spl ay Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The cent er f requ en cy is 98 MHz an d t he span ( t h e fr equency r ang e bet w een each x - ax is lin e) is 2 Under and tThere he p rinciples t h atizont un der t h e oper all f rwir st em s is 10 t im es 2 MHz per divstision. are 10 hor al dlieivisions, soattion h e tof ot al eqeless uencysycov er age MHz for a t ot al r ang e of 20 MHz. Th e low est fr equency being r eceived is 88 MHz and t he h ighest Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access fr equ en cy is 1 08 MHz. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Inspecting a Single Av oid com m on p itFrequency falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minimfrize fect s ofion noise er fer en fce y our net orkin sp ect ion of a n arr ow band of Sw it ching omt he t h eefinspect of a and w id eintban d of r eqon uencies to w t he fr equ en cies is easy . Ad just t he span cont r ol t o 20 0 kHz per div ision. The cent er fr equ en cy is t he En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y sam e ( 98 MHz) , b ut t he ov erall fr eq uency cover age is n ow 2 MHz ( 10 divisions t im es 20 0 k Hz per d iv ision f or a t ot al r ange of 2 MHz ) . Figur e 4- 4 sh ows t he r esu lt in g disp lay. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Figu r e 4 - 4 . Thr e e- Si gn al Sp ect r um An al yz e r Cov er a ge D ispla y

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I nst ead of 4 0 st at ion s, only t he t hr ee st at ion s near t h e 98 MHz cent er f requ en cy are visible. p rinciples ateun t h e oper of and all wir sy st em s From Under lef t t ostr and ight ,t he t hese st at ion st har atder 9 7.lie 1 MHz, 97 .at 9 ion MHz, 98eless .7 MHz. n howt he t o pr ov idper e prdiv of itision ab lestand r eliable w ir eless er net access I f youLear r educed span ill f ur t her, you w ouldI nt see ev en m or e d et ails of t h e sig nal at t he cent er fr equ en cy . I n Figur e 4- 5 , t h e span is r ed uced t o 50 kHz per div ision and t h e cen t er Select he m iv e( tequip ment andofant st em orion y our ar ea e 4- 4 ) . fr equ en cy ist set t oost 98 eff . 7 ect MHz he fr equency t heenn rigahtsy - han d sst fat in Figur Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Figu r e 4 - 5 . Si ngl e- Sign al Spect r u m An a ly ze r Cove r age D ispl ay

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

NO TE Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access This is lik e using a t elephot o len s ( such as a 2 00 m m len s) on a 3 5 m m cam era. You Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea see a m agnif ied v iew of one obj ect w it hout seeing m uch of t he land scape or t he con t ex t tAv hatoid surcom r ound s tphat obj encount ect . m on it falls er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Figur eEn4-joy 5 sh ofiding t he st ion atI n98. 7 et MHz. W it ht ot hyou eser spect r um t h ows e satonly isf actt he ion sign of pal rov wat ir eless t ern access comm un itan y aly zer set t in gs, y ou can st ud y t he char act erist ics of t his on e sig nal m or e closely . You alr eady k now t hat t he mod ulat is FM, pr buinciples t y ou can also et er m ineult hwir e follow Pr act iceion t h teyp bue siness used b yd successf eless Iing: SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Si l st reenv ngtirhonm — The or gna ou t door en t display show s t hat t he signal has a peak sig nal st r engt h of app rox im at ely –34 dBm . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k D ir ect i on— I f y ou r ot at e t he sp ect r um an alyzer an t en na unt il y ou see t he signal st r eng t h peak andphy t h en u sesityeour det e t he d( RF) ir ectsit ion t h atv eys t he ant enn a is p oin t ing, Con duct sical surcom v ey spass an dt road io-erf rmin eq uency e sur y ou w ill k now t he d ir ect ion t hat t he signal is com ing f rom . License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low ola-rispzaeed t ion — I-fmy ile" ou rw otirateless e y our t en na f r om Licensehor izont al polar izat iont echnolog t o v er t ical cost , P high " last I ntan er net access. fr ee w ir eless y deliv er s izat t o hgort hizon t al,ofy ou can er serv min eices if t he signal t r ansmit ed fr om t hesepolar benefit s ion w it hand out back requ irin e use pr od uctdet s or p rov ided was by local t elepthone or ant enn a wWWANs it h a horenable izont alI nt or era net ver ser t icalvice polar iz at ions. (The posit ( h orizon oranager v ert ical) cable an com panies. pr ov ider I SPs) andioncorp orat e tI al Tm s to of t yhour spectcost r um- efficient analy zerb rant enn a dt hnat r esu in t he hig hest sigspeed nal st raccess engt h is e ild same deploy eir own oadban et w or kltsst hat deliver h ig hf ort hbu ings ion tas signwal'irsedt r ansm it t ing and arpolar eas izat w here radt he it ional conn ect iv it yant is enn eit ha. er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Spectrum Analyzer Peak-Hold Feature 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The sp ect r al out put of a spr ead sp ect r um sign al is not const ant . Sp r ead spect ru m m odulat ion w as or iginally designed for u se by t h e milit ar y t o sp read out w ireless sign al energ y and m ake it har der t o det ect and decode t h e int ellig en ce. Th e v ary ing m odulat ion of a sp read sp ect r um signal cau ses t h e sig nal t o cont inu ously ch ange in f requ en cy an d in signal st reng t h. Af t er y ou learn t h e general sh ape of spr ead sp ect r um sign als, y ou can d et er m ine t h e m odulat ion t y pe of signals t h at y ou see. Unless y ou hav e a v er y ex pensiv e spect r um analy zer design ed specifically t o analy ze spr ead • Table of Content s spect ru m sig nals, y ou m u st pr act ice usin g t he peak - hold feat ur e on y our spect r um an aly zer . This • I ndex feat u re disp lays a second out put t r ace t hat cap t ur es t he p eak sign al st r en gt h and holds t hese De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks peak v alues so t h at y ou can exam ine t he signal sh ape m or e caref ully. Wit hout t he u se of t his By Jack Unger feat u re, it is diff icu lt t o see enou gh of a spr ead sp ect r um sign al t o det er m ine m uch abou t it . Using t h e peak - hold feat ur e allow s y ou t o ar riv e at m ore accur at e an d m or e usefu l conclusion s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Please g o b ack an d look at Figur e 4- 4 f or a mom ent . I t show s t h ree FM br oadcast signals. The Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 fr equ en cy an d t he ph ase ( phase is r elat ed t o fr equency chan ge) of each of t h ese signals ch anged I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 slig ht ly as t h e signal w as mod ulat ed. By act iv at ing t he p eak - hold f eat u re of t he spect r um Pages: 35 2 analy zer, you get a f uller pict ur e of t he sign al shapes. I n Figur e 4- 6 , p eak - hold w as t u rn ed ON for t he sam e t hr ee signals show n in Figur e 4- 4 .

Best pr act ices Figu f or plan deploy en t Ana of br oad WWANs. r ening 4 - 6and . Spe ct rmum ly zband er Pe a k- H ol d

Fu nct ion

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings The low er t r ace in Figur e 4- 6 sh ows wh at t he t hr ee signals look ed lik e at on e m oment in t ime. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost The u pper t r ace show s ( an d h olds) t h e peak v alu e t hat each signal reached dur ing t he en t ire pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t im e t hat t he sign als w er e sam pled ( about 20 second s) . Using peak - hold for y our RF sit e sur vey s com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or r esult s in a clear er pict ur e of t he t yp e of sig nals t hat ar e pr esent . w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Inspecting Real-World Signals on a Spectrum Analyzer From a d own t ow n roof t op in m any cit ies, you can see a v ariet y of signals on ( and n ear ) t he license- fr ee ban ds. Many sign als ar e insid e t he band s and some sign als ar e below or abov e t h e ban d. You need t o be awar e of all sign als becau se som et im es sign als ju st out side t h e ban d can aff ect y our ab ilit y t o r eceive sign als insid e t he license- f r ee b ands. •On e disadv ant Table ageofofContent u sin gsa PC- b ased sit e su rv ey ut ilit y inst ead of a spect ru m analy zer is t hat •t he ut ilit y doesn't I ndex hav e t h e abilit y t o r eceiv e out side of t he ban d. You r un t he risk of m issing De oy ing censeout - Fr ee W irt ehe le ss W id det-hat Ar e acou Ne tw ks st rpl ong sigLinals side ban ld orr educe y our w ir eless t hr ou ghpu t . By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

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I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

I fPages: you p35lan 2 t o deploy a sy st em on an ex ist in g t ow er t h at h as m any t r ansm it t ers alr eady inst alled and op er at ing —b e adv ised t hat t his is t h e m ost challen ging RF env ir onm ent t hat y ou can encount er . I f y ou p lan t o use a sit e lik e t his, y ou m ust d o a t hor ough RF sit e sur vey w it h a spect r um an aly zer . The chan ces of h ig h lev els of RF en er g y ov er loading y our r eceiv er and r ed ucing you r t hr oug hpu t ar e h ig h. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I n addit ion t o y our RF sit e sur vey , be ready t o t ak e ot her ev asiv e m easu res; in ot her w or ds, be r eady t o add add it ional f ilt er ing t o y our sy st em t o h elp it perf or m r eliably . See er er8 ft or or mat abou t u sinwir g beless andp ind assust filtrers. LearCh n apt in sid ipsinf f rom anion ex perienced y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s The mLear aj ornit yhow of tthe signals t hat oulewand ill encount t doorIsntinertnet he licen se- f ree ban ds w ill b e o pr ov id e pr of ityab r eliableerwou ir eless access eit her dir ect seq uence sp r ead spect ru m ( DSSS) or fr equency - hop ping spr ead spect ru m ( FHSS) . Occasion allyt,he y ou w ill eff enect couivnt a com binat ionant of enn sever alstofem t hese Select m ost e er equip ment and a sy s f or signals y our aron ea t he sam e b and at t he sam e t im e. The f ollow in g sect ions show y ou w hat t hese sig nals look like. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A D SSS signal is easy t o ident ify wh en y ou use t he p eak - h old f eat u r e t o allow t h e signal sp ect r a t o fill Pr out . The is apprprox im at elyused 2 2- MHz w id e fr om side t o side. m or e dat a t he sig nal act ice t hsignal e bu siness inciples b y successf ul wir eless I SPs (The WI SPs) is car ry ing, t he f ast er and w id er t he d isplay f ills. W hen n o dat a is being car ried, n o ( or lit t le) 8 02. 1 1a, 11 b,erand 02.nal, 11 gt he equmor ipmeen t m successfully y our owifnyhom signalUse is pr esent . Th80 e 2. w eak t h e 8sig t im e or it et akes t o see it inand ident it . e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Figur e 4- 7 sh ows t w o st r ong ( app roaching – 60 dBm ) D SSS signals in t he 2 . 4 GHz ban d. One t he r ight w or MHz) k ar chand it ecttur f orher y our w irChan elessnel net6w(or signalCh isoose on Chann el 1 net ( 2 412 h ee ot is on 24k37 MHz) . Th e peak- hold t r ace ( t he u pper t r ace) r eveals t he t w o hill- shaped sig nal spect r a. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last ir eless I Spect nt er net raccess. w ir eless echnolog Figu r e- m4ile" - 7 .wDSSS u m AnLicenseal yz efrr ee Sign al Dtispla y y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Frequency Spreadt hSpectrum Under stHopping and t he p rinciples at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Learsig n how t oeasy pr ov tido eidpr it abble and r eliable w ir- hold elessf Ieat nt er netTh access An FHSS nal is enoft ify y using t he p eak u re. e sig nal h ops f rom 1- MHz chann el t o 1 - MHz chan nel, t hr oug hout t he b and. The spect r um analy zer peak - hold t r ace look s Select t he eff ect e equip ment andevant sy st em f or y our ea e 4- 8 . like t he t eet h onmaost comb , wiv it h a signal peak er yenn fewa MHz, ass show n in ar Figur Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Figu r e 4 - 8 . FH SS Spect r u m An a ly ze r Sign al D ispla y

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Detecting Other Signals on tthe Under st and t he p rinciples h at Spectrum un der lie t h eAnalyzer oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Learally n how id eotprh of ab leals and r eliable w irion eless I nt er net yaccess Occasion , y out owpr illov see er itsign and m odulat t y pes t hat ou cann ot id en t if y or classif y. I t is im por t an t t o r ecor d an d docum en t t h ese ot h er sig nals. The licen se- f ree b ands ar e shar ed t he m ost eff ect ivbey equip ment and anten enn sys. st em s f or y our ar ea ban dsSelect t h at ar e legally used a w ide v ar iet y of d uaser Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

NO TE En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The FCC or iginally designat ed t hese ban ds f or license- fr ee indu st r ial, scient if ic, and Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) m ed ical ( I SM) u se on a sh ar ed basis w it h m ilit ar y and licen sed am at eu r r adio u ser s. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Add it ion al signal yp esnet t hat you ight cluyde Ch oose t he rt ight w or k armch it ectsee ur einf or ourt he w irfollow elessing: net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Newer f or ms of DSSS an d FHSS m odu lat ion, such as m ult icarr ier dir ect sequ en ce and w idebanf rdee f r eq uency hop Licenseb r oadban d wping ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Wide- ban d n on- spr ead sp ect r um sign als in t h e 5- GHz Unlicensed Nat ion al I nf orm at ion t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or I nf rast r uct ur e ( U- NI I ) ban ds cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Milit ar y com m un icat ion s and r adar sy st em s and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibLicensed it iv e. Deploy ing Fr ee Widek sstisem t he am at eurLicenser adio pub licWir sereless vice and exArea perimNet entwalorsy s f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless ot her s deploy g out zer doorhelps wir eless including er age of Perf or minI SPs g anand RF sit e suor rvganizat ey w it hion a spect ru minanaly y ou WANst o accomp lish t hecov f ollow in g: 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Know in ad van ce t he RF lev el in a specif ic band . Wor k ar ound t h e RF signals t hat you see. Av oid d elay s du rin g d ep loym ent of you r net w or k. Av oid cr eat in g in t er f er ence pr oblem s for ot her s. • •

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Pr om ot e successf ul license- f r ee operat ion by com m unicat ing and cooper at ing w it h ot hers. I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ch apt er 8 con t ain s m any t ip s and t ech niqu es t hat can help you deploy y our w ir eless n et w or k s By Jack Unger cooperat iv ely and successfully . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e:Survey February 26,Principles 200 3 RFPub Site I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

FollowPages: ing ar35 e 2som e pr inciples t o h elp y ou p repar e y our RF sit e sur vey inspect ion pr ocedu re: First , if y ou hav e nev er u sed a spect r um an alyzer bef ore, it is best t o ex per im en t w it h it fir st in y our of fice or shop . Lear n h ow t o operat e it an d p ract ice ident if ying d if fer en t t y pes of signals. Lear n how t o use t h e peak- h old f eat ur e and how t o p rot ect t he spect ru m Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. analy zer fr om b eing ov erload ed and dam ag ed by st r ong signals. Plan nt oindsid o yerour RFf rom su r vey using a t w o- person eam Yourerassist ant m igh t sug gest Lear t ips an ex perienced wir elesst est indtust r y. lead qu est ions and t est ideas t hat did not init ially occur t o y ou; besid es, it is easier t o h aul all tUnder he t est eq uipm up t o at hr oof ( or h illt ) if t w p eop le sh areless e t hesy w st orem k load st and t he ent p rinciples at un dera lie t hop e oper atoion of all wir s . Lear howlist t o you pr ov id e sur pr of it abstleepand eliable w irTh eless I ntt er net access Plan nand r RF v ey s in rad van ce. ink in erm s of t ak ing w ireless sn apshot s of t he area. Th in k abou t w her e y our end locat ions ar e and how you r sect or s w ill cover t hose Select t heion ms. ostYou eff ect iv et o equip ment anttenn st em y our arion, ea and t he signal end locat n eed ch eck t h eand st reng h, t ha esyant enns af or p olar izat t y pes pr esent in each of y our sect or s. For exam p le, if y ou plan t o deploy a t hr ee- sect or Av oid com encount er ed bmy new at ors access poinmt on on paitrfalls oof t op in a mediu size w citiryeless , plannet t o wdor o kt hoper e follow ing: Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En1joy t hkeesat acterion p rov I n t ect ernional et access t o you comm . Ta anisfov al loflook —iding Use twhire eless omn idir ant enna t o rlook at un t heit ynum ber an d level of signals p resent w it h in a band of f requ en cies st ar t ing below and endin g ab ove Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) t he band t hat y ou plan t o use. For exam p le, if y ou plan t o use 2 .4 GHz equipm ent , y ou sh ould ex am in e t he fr eq uency ban d f r om 2. 3 GHz t o 2. 5 GHz. This st ep allow s Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, y ou t o qu ick ly locat e st ron g sign als in t he ban d an d adjacent t o t h e ban d. or ou t door env ir onm en t 2 . Look at e ach se ct or— Use t h e panel ( or dir ect ional) ant enna t o look f or signals Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k w it hin t he b and and w it hin each of y our sect or s. First , sear ch f or signals u sing t h e ant enn t h atsit iseor ient eds for olarizat and Con duct phyasical sur v ey an dv rert adical io- f rpeq uencyion ( RF) sittehen sur sear v eysch for h orizon t ally polar ized signals. Th is st ep allow s you t o ident ify t he p resen ce and t he p olar izat ion of signals w it hin of ywour License- f r ee b r oadban d weach ir eless ide-sect areaors. net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s 3 . Task e le dirin look t he ru m analy fr equency sw eep andhone use or the t hese benefit w itahde outt ai requ g t— h eNarr use ow of pr odspect uct s or serv iceszer p rov ided by local t elep pan el ant enna t o t ake a det ailed look at any st r ong inb and sig nals t hat y ou d iscov cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager sert.o These nals can in tberf ere w itdh nt et h ewsy t hat y ou phlan inst all. Sav ef or a fbu ile ild orings a deploy t h eir own sig cost - efficient r oadban orst k sem t hat deliver ig h-t ospeed access scr een shot of t hese st r ong sig nals along w it h in for m at ion ab out t heir dir ect ion , and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost enn aing p olar izat ion, and t he lengt h of Area t h e samp pr ohib it iv e.ant Deploy LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideNet wle or int k s er is val. t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or 4 . V a ry t he sa m pli ng in t er va l — Use bot h long sam pling int er vals an d sh ort samp lin g w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of int er vals. Th e m ore q uickly a spect r um analy zer disp lay fills up w it h sig nals, t he m or e 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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int ense t h e lev el of RF act iv it y. Ex perim ent using sam pling int er v als as shor t as 15 second s and as long as 3 0 min ut es. Do one or t wo pr act ice session s fr om a high , out d oor locat ion bef ore you r fir st r eal RF sit e sur vey . These pr act ice session s allow y ou t o become fam iliar w it h t h e out d oor RF env iron ment w her e m ore t han one signal is pr esent sim u lt aneously . You w ill becom e com for t able w it h y our RF su rv ey pr ocess b ef ore you r act ual sit e sur v ey wh en a facilit y m anager could be look ing ov er you r shoulder , askin g y ou qu est ions, an d j udg ing you r pr of essionalism . Table of Content s

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Schedule y our act u al RF sit e sur v ey s t o t ak e place du rin g t h e bu siest par t of t he w or k day , w hen RF act ivit y and RF int er fer en ce is high est . Good t est p er iods are in t h e m orn in g fr om By Jack 8: Unger 3 0 t o 10 : 30 a. m . ( 08 30 t o 1 030 ) and af t er lunch fr om 1 : 00 t o 3 : 00 p. m . ( 1 300 t o 150 0) . The m or e p ot en t ial w ireless sign als t hat ar e pr esent dur ing y our t est ing , t he m or e Pubmlish ean er: ingf CiscoulPress y our t est r esult s w ill b e. Allow at least t w o t o f our hou r s for each su rv ey locat I t is 26, im por Pub Dat e:ion. February 200 3t an t t o hav e enoug h t im e t o set up and t h orou ghly in vest igat e an d docum ent t he-0 69 sign I SBN: 158 705 -2 als t hat are pr esent . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Pages: 35 2

Ch oose y our t est locat ion t o be as close as possible t o t he locat ion wh er e y ou w ould lik e t o per m anent ly inst all y our an t enna sy st em; for ex am ple:

Best pr 1act . ices I f you f orr ant planenn ning a sy and st em deploy w ill m b eenon t of a br buoad ild ing band roof WWANs. t op, t est fr om t h e sect ion of t he r oof t hat has t he clear est possible v iew ( ideally , 3 60 degr ees) . Not h in g on t h e r oof sh ould obst r uct t he LOS p at h t owar d y our end point locat ions. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 2 . I f you ar e t est ing on a hillt op, find a clear spot t hat is about 10 0 f eet aw ay fr om Undert st he bu p rinciples t h att ower un ders lie the oper at ion of obst all wir eless st em s hs of incom ing owand ers tor ild in gs. The and b uildings can r uct t he sy LOS p at signals. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 3 . I f you n eed t o locat e y our an t en na sy st em on an ex ist in g t ower t o obt ain a LOS pat h, Selectuse t hean m ost eff ect ivitehequip ment a sy emilar s f ort oyyou our raract eaual ant enna. I f ant enn aw a r adiat ionand pat tant er nenn t hat isstsim pr act ical, place t he t est an t en na in t h e same t ow er locat ion w here you r r eal ant enna Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors w ill go. You r t est ant en na shou ld b e exp osed t o t h e same local and dist ant RF y our rand eal ant enn w ce ill be posed t o. Minimenv ize iron t he ment ef fecttshat of noise int er feraen on ex y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

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Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Ior f you ar e not t if ied ou t door envcer ir onm enas t a t ow er clim ber , you n eed t o h ire a pr oper ly cer t ified t ow er clim b er t o safely clim b t he t ow er an d mou nt t he t est an t en na. Even w it h a cer t if ied tCh owoose er clim ber , it isnet stw illory kour respon sibilit m ake sur e net t hatw torhe t he r ight ar ch it ect ur e f ory yt oour w ir eless k clim b er alw ay s uses t he appr opr iat e safet y equ ipm en t . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s RF Survey Process t heseSite benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Befor e yt hou y our- efficient RF sit e sur vey , herdenar e or some addit ional ex at ionsaccess abou t ftor h ebu w ild ay ings deploy eirbegin own cost b r oadban et w k s t hat deliver h igplan h- speed w ireless eqwuipm w it orional k s. These planect ativ ion help un der stely an dunav w h atailable t o look and - w hy . and ar eas hereent t rad w ir ed ex conn it ys is eit hyou er com plet or for is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPsSignal-to-Noise and ot her or ganizat ion s (SNR) deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Observing Ratio 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The sign al- t o- n oise r at io ( SNR) is t he single m ost im por t an t cond it ion t h at m ust be m et b ef ore a w ireless sign al can be successfu lly r eceiv ed an d d ecoded. Sim p ly st at ed , t he lev el of t he r eceiv ed signal mu st be h igh en ough and t h e noise lev el low enou gh t o allow t he r eceiver t o sep arat e t he signal fr om t he noise. I f t h e sig nal lev el is t oo low or t he n oise level is t oo hig h, t h e incomin g dat a w ill be lost . Th e m ore of t en t hat in com ing d at a is lost , t h e slow er t h e net w ork t hr ough put and per for m ance. On t he ot her han d, t h e high er t he SNR, t he bet t er an d f ast er t he n et w or k per for m s. •

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At t his poin t , it is im por t an t t o und er st and w hat t he definit ion of noise inclu des. Noise is • I ndex ever yt hing ot her t h an t he desired sig nal; t heref ore, n oise is t h e t ot al of n at ur al n oise, m anm ade De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks noise, sig nals f rom ot her net w or ks, an d ev en sign als fr om ot h er access point s in y our ow n By Jack net w orUnger k. Again, n oise is ev ery t hin g ot her t han y our on e desir ed sign al at ev ery mom ent in t im e ( ever y r eceiver t im eslot ) . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Access Point Vulnerability to Noise I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

A low SNR at any p oint in a wir eless net w or k r esu lt s in slow ( or , in t he w orst case—no) dat a t hr ou ghpu t on t h at p art icular w ir eless link . The w or st p lace t o hav e a low SNR is at t h e hub sit e ( t h e access point ) of a p oin t - t o- m ult ipoin t n et w or k . The r eason shou ld b e obv ious. I f an access point ( AP) receiv er is bom bar d ed w it h high noise lev els, t hat AP w ill f in d it dif ficult t o r eceive an d decode t h eices sig nals f rom all and t he ndeploy et w or m k end t r ansmit er s in t he n et w or k . The t hr ough put t o Best pr act f or plan ning en t point of br oad band tWWANs. and f rom all t he u ser s of t he net w ork will b e dr ast ically slow ed dow n . Unfor Lear t u natnely, - t o-fm u lt ip access p oint ar e t ind h e ust m ost ulnerab in sidpoint er t ips rom anoin ext perienced wirseless r y vlead er le t o n oise f or t h e follow ing r easons: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s They e ofttoenprlocat ear t he of a mwetirreless opolitIan area wh er e t h ey are ex posed t o a Lear narhow ov id ed e prnof it ab le cent and er r eliable nt er net access high concent r at ion of noise sou rces. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea They ar e usually locat ed at op h igh building s w her e t hey can pick up noise fr om a long dist ance aw Av oid com may on. p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors They ider b eam w idt h ant en nas w hen t o twhe Minimuse ize twhe ef fect s of noise and int er( fer en cecomp on yared our net orknar r ow er beam wid t h of p oint t o- p oin t an t en nas) t h at r eceiv e noise fr om a w ider and lar ger ar ea. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The m or e n oise t h at an AP receiv er is exp osed t o, t h e lower t h e SNR will b e and t h e st ron ger t he signals Pr act m ust ice be t h ef or butsiness hem t oprbe inciples r eceiv used ed anbdydsuccessf ecoded. ulFor wirt he eless signals I SPs t(oWI beSPs) st r ong er ( rem emb er t hat t he amou nt of pow er r adiat ed f r om t he an t enna sy st ems is lim it ed by t he Feder al 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 11 g equ ipm en t mmorust e successfully y our n hom Com mUse un icat ions Com mission) , t h8e02. endpoin t locat ions be closer t oint he AP ow locat ion. e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ther ef or e, t he h ig her t he noise lev el t hat an AP r eceiver is ex posed t o, t he shor t er t h e dist ance it can com m unicat e an d t he sm aller t h e cell r adiu s or sect or size. This is w h y it is im por t ant t o do a Chvey ooseand t hev rerif ight ar chsit it ect ur e f or our ar weir eless net w orlow k . I f t h e noise lev els ar e t oo sit e sur y tnet hatwtor hek hub e noise levyels reasonably high , t h e ran ge of y our n ew ly inst alled access point mig ht b e low , per haps as low as one- h alf m ile. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Locating Nearby Out-of-Band t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h Noise e use ofSources pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy Ou t - of- tbhand eir own noisecost sour - efficient ces ar e b( as r oadban t he nam d neetsug w orgest k s ts) hatnot deliver in t h eh ig same h- speed fr equency accessban f or dbu t hat ild ings you and ar plan t oeas use. w here Most tof rad t en it ional , t hese w irt red ansm conn it tect er sivar it ye is locat eit hed er j ust combelow plet elyorunav abov ailable e t h e band or is cost an dtpr r ansm ohib ititivwe.itDeploy h high ing pow Licenseer . Follow Fr ee ingWir areless e somWidee ex am Area ples: Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Paging it t er.1s 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a, 802t r.1ansm 1b, 802

Cell sit e t r ansm it t er s Mu lt ichan nel, Mult ipoin t Dist r ibut ion Ser vice ( MMD S) , Mult ip oin t D ist r ibu t ion Ser vice ( MD S) , and I nst r uct ional Telev ision Fix ed Serv ice ( I TFS) t r ansm it t er s AM, FM, and t elev ision br oadcast t r an sm it t er s • •

Com m ercial t w o- w ay r adio t r ansmit t er s, esp ecially if t hey oper at e near t h e int erm ediat e Table of Content s fr equ en cy ( I F) used by you r eq uipm ent I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Ch apt er 6, " Evalu at in g and Select ing Wireless Equip ment ," descr ibes I F- based I SBN: 1-ent 58 705 69 -2e d et ail. equipm in -0mor Pages: 35 2

Ou t - of- b and int erf erence sour ces can b e st ron g, eit her ph ysically nearb y or on a n ear by fr equ en cy . Th ey can ov er load you r r eceiver an d d ecr ease t h e r eceiver 's sensit ivit y t o desired signals. This t urplan n r ed ucesand t hedeploy n et w ormken r ang t he net w or k t h rou ghp ut . Best pr act icesinf or ning t of ebrand oadslow bands WWANs. By locat ing t hese int erf erence sour ces ear ly in you r net w or k desig n pr ocess, you can do t he followLear ing : n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Recomm end add it ional t est t im e d ur in g in st allat ion . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Recomm end t h e use of a b andp ass filt er t o m inim ize possible t hr oug hpu t r educt ion fr om rSelect eceiver ovm erload . ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea t he ost eff Recomm end m ov g you r eq uipm entb yfur t h erw away om wt horekhigh Av oid com m on p itinfalls encount er ed new ir elessfr net oper- pow at orser t r ansmit t er s. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Locating In-Band Noise Sources

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

I n- ban noise rces ar e on fr equencies t he sam e I eless SM orI SPs U- NI(IWI f requ Prdact ice t hsou e bu siness pr inciples used wb ity hin successf ul wir SPs)en cy band t hat y ou plan t o use. Her e ar e som e pot ent ial in - band noise sour ces: Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t FHSS net w or ks used by I n t ern et ser v ice p r ovider s ( I SPs) and b y cor por at e, g over nm ent al, and educat ganizat Ch oose t heional r ight or net w or k ions ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k DSSS netphy w ork s u sed gan Con duct sical sit e by surIvSPs ey s and an d or r ad io-izat f r eqions uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Br oadban n on- spr spect m area w ireless uipm entANs) u sed pr inovt he - GHzdeploym U- NI I ban Licensef r ee b r d oadban d weadir eless w ru idenet weq ork s ( WW id e5fast ent ds of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Am at eur t elev ision ( ATV) r ep eat er s used by licensed rad io am at eur s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Micr owav e ov ens, cord less ph ones, Bluet oot h and HomeRF devices, in door w ir eless access deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings point s, wir eless v ideo cam er as, and ot h er license- fr ee wir eless consum er dev ices and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr it iv ing e. Deploy LicenseFr ee Wir Area Net w or t he yf irystour book t hat ov ides Byohib det ect t heseing noise sou r ces ear ly ,eless w h ileWideit is st ill possib le ktso is m odif net w or k pr design, com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m y ou can m inim ize t he im pact of n oise and in t erf erence. Table 4 - 3 p r ovides t echniq ues t oath ion elp f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of y our n et w or k coexist p eacefu lly w it h v ar iou s noise sour ces. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Tab le 4 -3 . I n- Ba nd Noise Sou r ce Coex ist e nce Te ch ni que s I n- Ban d N oi se Sou rce

Coex ist e nce Techn iqu e

•

Content s FHSS net w orTable ks ofLocat e y our access point s aw ay f r om t he ex ist in g FHSS access point I ndex locat ions. Plan t o use an t en na sy st em s w it h t h e opposit e polar izat ion. I f y ou De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr eearWeirplann e le ss W i de a - ArFHSS e a Ne tw orw ksor k , coord inat e y our h opping sequences w it h t he ing net By Jack Unger exist ing FHSS net w or k. Be aw are t hat if y ou deploy a DSSS n et w or k w it hou t adequ at e RF isolat ion, y ou w ill ex per ien ce a sev er e t hr oug hput r educt ion. •

Pub lish er:wCisco DSSS net ork sPressLocat e y our access point s aw ay f r om t he ex ist in g DSSS access p oin t Pub Dat e: February 26, 200ions. 3 locat Plan t o use an t en na sy st em s w it h t h e opposit e polar izat ion. I f y ou I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0ar 69e-2plann ing a DSSS net w or k, coor dinat e you r fr equ en cies w it h t he ex ist ing DSSS net w ork . Be aw ar e t h at if y ou deploy an FHSS net w ork wit h out Pages: 35 2 adequ at e RF isolat ion, y ou w ill ex per ien ce a t hr ou ghpu t r educt ion.

Br oadban d n onspr ead - spect r u m U- NI I eq uipm ent Best pr act ices f or

I f possib le, select you r fr equencies so t h ey d o n ot ov er lap t he ex ist in g U- NI I net w or k fr equencies. Locat e y our access p oint s aw ay f rom t he ex ist in g U- NI I equipm ent access point or end point locat ions. Plan t o use ant enn a sy st em s plan t hatning hav and e t h edeploy opposit m en e pt olar of br izat oad ion. band WWANs.

ATV r epeat ers

I f using DSSS, choose oper at ing fr equencies t hat do not over lap t he ATV equf rom en cies; specif ically , do chind oose t hat over lap t he r epeat er Lear n in sid er tfrips an ex perienced wir not eless ustfrr yequencies lead er aud io subcar r ier or video car r ier fr eq uencies. Locat e you r access point s aw ay fr om t he ATVt hrepeat er locat Com m unoficat w iteless h andsycoor Under st and t he p rinciples at un der lie t hion. e oper at ion allewir st emdinat s e w it h t h e r ep eat er op er at or . Rem em ber: This is a licensed r epeat er and it h as pr ior it y Lear n how t o ov pr ov er idyou e pr r of net it ab w orlek and operr at eliable ion . w ir eless I nt er net access

Licensef r eet he m ost I n eff general, w h en ment used and in door t hese ices doynot e a b ig im pact on Select ect iv e equip ants,enn a sydev st em s f or our hav ar ea w ireless t he operat ion of y our ( p rop er ly d esigned) out d oor net w or k. To m inim ize consum er com m onimppact , av oid locat ing byyour access p oinnet t an enna sy st Av oid it falls encount er ed new w ir eless w tor k oper atems ors close t o areas dev ices w her e t hese devices exist . For ex amp le, av oid placin g you r ant enn as near an emp lun chand roomintwerhere owyave ens ar e f requ en t ly in u se. Minim ize t he ef fectloyee s of noise fer enmicr ce on our ov net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y I f you r RF sit e sur v ey rev eals a subst ant ial amou nt of in- ban d n oise, y ou can d o t he follow in g: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. t1hat 1a, t80 11 b, and 8 02. g equ enwtormks or be e successfully in y our owf rneqhom e, off Sug gest he2.operat or s of t h e11exist ingipm net cont act ed regar din g uency or ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t ant enn a cov er age coor din at ion . Ch oose t end he r ight w ort kest ar tch ur in e gf oryou y our ww ir or eless net w orion k pr ocess t o cor rect an y Recomm add itnet ional imiteect d ur r net k inst allat noise pr oblem s t hat ar ise. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Recomm end r edesign ing you r net w or k and m ovin g y our w ir eless equ ip m en t ( or at least Licensef r ee r oadban w irrteless w ideork ing s ( WW ANs) pr ovwor id ek fast y our APblocat ion s)d fu h er aw ay frarea om t net he w exist w ireless n et s. deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Locating deploy t h eir802.11b own costAccess - efficientPoints b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost The u se .1 1bing DSSS access p oint is r apid ly Area in cr easin oin t s tw ereprorigin ally pr ohib it ivofe.802 Deploy LicenseFr ee Wir seless WideNet wg.orTh k sese is taccess he f ir st pbook hat ov ides designed u se on in" door ir eless Morinst e and mion or e, oper fr equent ly ,an I SPs, com etion w orfkor com plet e,for r ealw orld st ar t -wt of in ish LANs. " d esign, allat at ion, d sup pormu t innit forymnat pr opon enI tSPs s, and er imoren t ers t ake access p oint addeless ex t er nal ant enn a syst emers,age andof w ireless andexp ot her ganizat ion st hese deploy in g out doors, wir WANsincluding cov deploy t h e802 access s in t door locat I notlarg e a f vew of t hese s s 80 2. 11a, .1 1b,point 802 .1 1g,ouand pr opr ietions. ary - pr ocole ncit eties, w or kqu s.itThis endor - neut access r al bookpoint cover

ar e likely deploy ed . Your sp ect r um analyzer can det ect t hese access poin t s as long as t h e access point s ar e hand lin g t raf fic. Their t r ansm issions are in dist inguishab le fr om an y ot her DSSS t r ansm issions. Befor e y ou decide t o deploy an 8 02. 11 b ( or ot her DSSS) net w or k in a par t icular ar ea, you should k now h ow m any 8 02. 11 b access point s ar e alr eady deploy ed. A PC- based sit e sur v ey ut ilit y or 8 02. 1 1b packet sn iff er p r ovides t h is infor m at ion. Use y our p anel ant enn a t o discov er how man y access point s ar e w it hin RF r ange in each of t h e dir ect ion s t hat you p lan t o deploy • Table of Content s y our n et w or k ant en nas. •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Documenting RF Site Survey Findings Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Your RF sit e sur vey m ust collect enoug h in for m at ion t o m ake an in t elligent decision about w her e Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 ( and w it h w hat ant ennas) t o d ep loy or, possib ly , n ot t o deploy y our n et wor k . The docum en t at ion 58 e 705 -0 69d-2ecision should include you r pr int ed sp ect r um analyz er ou t pu t f iles m ar ked neededI SBN: t o m1-ak t his Pages: 35 2 ing inf or mat ion : w it h t he f ollow Dat e wh en t h e dat a w as collect ed Tim e of day w hen t he dat a w as collect ed Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Spect r um analy zer samp le t im es ( Was it a 60- second sam p le or a 6 0- m inut e sam ple?) Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Ant enn a u sed t o collect t he d at a Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Ant enn a h ead in g u sed t o collect t he dat a Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ant enn a p olar izat ion used w hen t he dat a w as collect ed Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er edWhat? b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors No Spectrum Analyzer? Now Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork I f you d o not hav e access t o a spect r um analy zer or ev en t o a PC- b ased sit e sur vey ut ilit y , y ou st ill hav fou En e joy t hr echoices: sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Rent a spect r um an aly zer f or t w o w eeks or for a m ont h. This is a good ch oice if y ou t hink yUse ou m igh1t 1a, n eed o 11 b uy e in t h e11fugt ur e. ipm Theenr ent has t h e adv antin age of allow ing ye, ouoff t oice, 8 02. 80 t2. b, on and 8 02. equ t mal or e successfully y our ow n hom becom e fam iliar w it h on e ( or m or e) dif fer en t m odels. or ou t door env ir onm en t Plan t o pt he er for m anet w ireless t esturusing al equip Ch oose r ight w or k arpat chhit ect e f or yt he our act w irueless netment w or k t hat y ou p lan t o deploy . I f t his p at h t est in g is successfu l, y ou can be r easonably sur e t h at t h e eq uipm ent w ill perf or m t he duct sam ephy w ay af t er it sur is pver Th e (disadv age of t his choice is t hat y ou Con sical sit e eyms anent an d rly adinst io- f alled. r eq uency RF) sitant e sur v eys m ight hav e t o buy t he equip ment befor e y ou can d o t h e pat h t est . Pat h t est in g is d escr ib ed lat er in bt his chaptderw. ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensef r ee r oadban cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s e t he t o r irin ecom end t he e used ev enp rov t hou gh by no local RF sitteelep surhone vey could t heseMak benefit s wdecision it h out requ g tm he uset hat of pr odsit uctesbor serv ices ided or be p er f orm ed. You m igh t m ak e t his r ecomm endat ion if y ou ar e locat ed in a ru r al locat ions t o cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager w her e few no) wir eless st em sdarn eet deploy . Keep in m inhd,speed h ow evaccess er, t hatf ort her deploy t h eir own( or cost - efficient b rsy oadban w or k s ed t hat deliver h ig bu eildisings alw ays som e r isk t hat int er ference m igh t b e pr esent t hat w ill aff ect t he t h rou ghp ut and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost -of t he orDeploy k t hat ing y ouLicensein st all. Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohibnet it ivwe. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Hir eI SPs a com pany t hat is ex perion iensced in p in ergf orm siteless e surWANsv eys t oincluding per for m cov a sitereage su rvofey w ireless and ot her or ganizat deploy out ing doorRFwir for you an d w it h y ou. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

RF Criteria Evaluation and Conclusion Befor e y ou mak e a decision t o select a w ireless sit e b ased on t he r esu lt s of an RF sit e sur vey , t ak e a m om ent t o r eview t h e follow ing benefit s an d sh ort com ing s of t he sit e sur v ey p r ocess. The b en ef it s of per for m ing an RF sit e sur vey ar e as f ollows: •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oyIing Li cense - Fr ee ir e leinf ss orm W i deat - Ar e a about Ne tw ortks t h elp s you g atWher ion he

RF env iron m en t t h at y our n ew net w or k faces.

By Jack Unger

I t st im ulat es y ou t o t h in k about alt ern at ive net w ork deploym ent scenar ios.

PubI lish er: Cisco Press t allow s y ou to

m ak e r easoned ju dgm ent s an d r ecomm end at ions abou t w het h er t o use a

Pub Datt icular e: February 26, 200 3 par sit e. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

The shPages: ort com 35 2ings of t he RF sit e sur v ey pr ocess ar e as f ollow s: Each RF env ir onm en t an d w ir eless equipm ent comb inat ion is uniqu e; t her efor e, t her e ar e no absolut e Go/ No- Go an sw er s, only r elat iv e answ ers. Best pr The actwices ir eless f or plan env iron ningment and can deploy ch ange m en t af oft er br oad t he band sit e sur WWANs. v ey. New n et wor k s can be deploy ed or ex ist ing n et w or k s can b e r em ov ed f r om ser v ice. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

RF Site Acceptance Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s You hav Lear e ndesigned how t o pr and ov id con e pr duct of ited aban le and RF sit r eliable e sur vey w ir, eless collectI nt ederan net d daccess ocum en t ed d at a, r ead t h e exp lanat ion of SNR, and r eview ed t h e sh or t com ing s of t he RF sit e su rv ey pr ocess. Now y ou m ust Select t he ost efft able ect iv feorequip a sy or ydat oura ar ea you hav e t o help decide if a sit e ismaccep you rment net wand or k. ant Theenn b est sitsteem surs vf ey t hat y ou m ak e y our d ecision is t h e SNR t hat you obser ved, as sh ow n in Figur e 4- 9 . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Figu r e 4 - 9 . SN R Spe ct r u m Ana ly z er Sig na l Di spl ay

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Iwnireless t he r eal I SPs w orand ld , tot heher aver or ganizat age r eceiv ion seddeploy signalintgypout ically doorr anges wir eless f r om WANsa lowincluding of appr ox cov imer atage ely –8 of 5 80 2. 11a, dBm t o a 802 high.1of 1b, app 802 rox.1im 1g, at ely and–pr 65opr dBm iet ary . I n- pr t he otFigur ocol neet4-w9orex k s. amThis ple,vtendor he av -erag neuter al r eceived book cover s

signal lev el is sh ow n b y t he dashed line t o be –75 dBm . I n t he left panel, t h e noise lev el is low an d t he r esult in g SNR is hig h. I f y our spect ru m analy zer r esult s look generally lik e t his, y ou can deploy y our net w ork and ex pect h ig h t hr ough put w it h lit t le or no pr oblem f rom noise. I n t he cent er pan el, t h e noise level is m oder at e. Occasional noise peaks reach and sligh t ly exceed t h e –75 d Bm r eceive sign al lev el, bu t t h ey d o n ot occur du r in g ev ery r eceiv e dat a pack et • Table of Content s and t h eir lev el is not t oo hig h ab ove –75 dBm . I f y our spect r um an aly zer r esult s look generally •like t his, you I ndex can deploy y our n et w or k an d ex pect good t h rou ghp ut . I f y ou mak e som e eff ort t o De oy ing Li cense ee el, W ir e le ssshould W i de - Arbe e a Ne tw or r edpluce t he noise- Frlev you able t oksach iev e high t h rou ghp ut . By Jack Unger

I n t he r ight pan el, t he noise level is h ig h. Noise peak s fr equent ly far ex ceed t he –7 5 dBm r eceiv e signal lev el. I f y our sp ect r um an alyzer r esu lt s look gener ally lik e t his, y our d ep loyed net w or k w ill Pub lish er: Cisco Press deliver low t hr ough put . I f y ou m ake heroic eff or t s t o redu ce t he n oise level, y ou sh ould be ab le Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 t o ach iev e m ed ium t h rou ghp ut , at least un t il t he n oise lev el in creases fur t h er . I n t his sit uat ion , I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 y our b est cou rse of act ion is t o at t em pt t o find a sit e w h er e t h e noise lev el is low er . Pages: 35 2

Table 4 - 4 p r ovides ad dit ional in for m at ion t o help you ar r iv e at a d ecision ab out t he f easibilit y of deploy ing you r w ir eless net w ork at a par t icu lar sit e. I f y ou w ant st ill m or e inf orm at ion befor e m akin g a fin al decision, go t o t he follow in g sect ion an d perf or m pat h t est ing or cover age t est ing. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Taban leex4perienced -4 . Sit e wir Sel ectind ionustFea sibi Lear n in sid er t ips f rom eless r y lead er li t y Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Fact or Ex ce ll e nt Good P oor ov id ely — pr of it ab leare and r eliable w ir eless I nteert net RF Lear n how t o pr Friend There OK— There is mor h an accessHeavy I n t er f er ence— Env ir onm en t no noise sour ces or one st r ong ou t - of- b and Ther e ar e m any inSelect t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea only a few ob vious int er fer er and t her e are only ban d n oise sou rces. sour ces. High weless o st r ong d at ors Low SNR v alues and Av oid com m onnoise p it falls encount er ed b yone neworwtir net winorban k oper SNR values an d h igh int er fer en ce sou rces. low t h rou ghp ut can be t hr ousghpu t canand be int erMedium SNR v alues exp ect ed. Minim ize t he ef fect of noise fer en ce on y our net wand ork exp ect ed. m ed ium t h rou ghp ut can be ectI ed. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w irexp eless n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y LocaPr t ion This is t he used bOK— This locat ion is nIot act ice t h e buI deal— siness pr inciples y successf ul wir eless SPs ( WIPoor SPs)— Phy sical or RF D e si ra bil it y best p ossible sit e t o per fect , bu t n et w or k fact or s m ak e t his e tb, heand w ir eless cover age f orm an ce inlocat dif ficult Use 8 02. 1 1a, locat 80 2. 11 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en tan mdorpeersuccessfully y ourion owt oo n hom e, offor ice, net w or k equipm ent . ar e accept ab le fr om t h is exp en siv e t o use. or ou t door env ir onm en t locat ion. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Al t er na t iv e Av ailab le— Sev eral Possib ly available— None— No ot her LocaCon t ions ot her locat ions ar e Alt ern at ive locat ions migh t duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eysalt ern at ive locat ions av ailab le. Th is be av ailable. This locat ion ar e av ailab le. Th is locat ion can be m ight hav e t o be select ed. locat ion m ust License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym entbeof low select ed b ut d oes not select ed or n n et werors k cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog yodeliv hav e t o be select ed. can be deploy ed. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable vice pr— ovThis ider ssit ( IeSPs) and oratMor e IT anager s to Mor ecom panies. WWANs No— A enable def in it eI nt er net ser Pr obably could b ecorp Yes— em infor m at ion deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings I nf orm a t ion decision t o select t his select ed n ow w it hout fu r t her m ust b e obt ain ed and eas iwng here t rad it ional w ir ed ect ivt est it y in isgeit h ercou com unav ailable is cost a ndarTest locat ion can be conn m ade and ldplet b e ely m ade befor e or t his sit e -cou ld prNohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat e ed ed ? r ight now . t o wor k . be select ed. pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Performing Path Testing or Coverage Testing Ther e ar e t im es w h en per for m ing pat h t est ing or cover age t est ing using t he act u al w ireless equipm ent t hat y ou p lan t o deploy m igh t be necessar y t o pr ov ide add it ional inf or mat ion t o supp ort y our ev en t ual Go/ No- Go d ep loym ent decision.

•

Content s PerformingTable Pathof Testing •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Your RF sit e sur vey m ight not hav e pr ov ided an ab solu t e Go/ No- Go answ er t o t h e noise and By Jack Unger int er fer en ce quest ion. Qu est ions mig ht r em ain ab out t he f ollow ing : Pub lish er: Cisco Press

The d ur at ion and int3 ensit y Pub Dat e: February 26, 200

of t he n oise an d in t erf er ence ov er longer per iods of t im e

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

What ant enn a y ou sh ould use Pages: 35 2

The n oise- r esist ance f eat u r es of t h e w ireless eq uipm ent t hat y ou plan t o use I n t hese sit u at ions, per for m a pat h t est using t he select ed w ireless equ ipm en t an d an t enna. Th is allow s you t o t est t he act u al net w or k per for m ance. When t he p at h t est is ru nnin g, be su re t o per t hices rou ghp t est ing and in bot h dir m ecten ion s and t o band docum ent t he r esu lt s. For m or e Bestforprmact f or ut plan ning deploy t of br oad WWANs. inf orm at ion, please see Ch apt er 7 f or d et ails ab out t est ing poin t - t o- point w ireless lin ks. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Performing Coverage Testing

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Perh aps, wou access point whub sit e Ibu t ynet ou access ar e unsur e w het h er t he Learynou how t oldprlik oveidt oe deploy pr of it aban le and r eliable ir eless nt er int er fer en ce lev el fr om ot h er wir eless n et w or k s in t he ar ea w ould pr event successf ul perf or man ce of y our n et wtor aps, w ou ldment lik e tand o d ep loy ana access serv Select hek .mPerh ost eff ectyivou e equip ant enn sy st em point s f or yt o our ar e eaan ar ea t hat has m any t r ees or m any b uildings and you ar e not sur e how mu ch of t h e ar ea you r access poin t w ill act ually Av oid cover com . Im n on t hese p it falls t w o encount sit uat ions, er edit bisy best new two irper eless for m netawcov or kerag opere at t est ors. To p erMinim f orm ize t het he covef erfect ag es tof estnoise , t em and p orarint ilyerinst fer en allce anon access y our point net w ork w it h t he an t en na sy st em t hat y ou b eliev e w ill pr ovide good cov er age of t he area. Th en , use act ual cu st omer p rem ises Enent joy (t CPE) h e satand isf act ione of p rov iding w ir eless n tea. ern et access t o ough you rput comm un it y locat ion. equipm d riv ar ound t h e cover age Iar Test t he t hr at each Docum ent t he ar eas w her e t hr oug hpu t is ex cellen t , good , bor der lin e, or non ex ist en t . Plot t hese act ice h e bu siness inciples successf eless I SPsent ( WI SPs) r esultPr s on a mtap. You now pr hav e a covused erag be yfoot p rin t ful or wir t hat equipm / an t enna com b in at ion. You can m ak e chang es t o t h e ant enna syst em and r et est t he cov erag e. Use y our r esu lt s t o Use e8 t02. 1a, 2. 11yb, 02.v11 g equ ipm en.t For m orm e ore successfully in yabout our owt est n hom off ice, det er min he 1ar eas80t hat ouand can 8ser e successfully in for m at ion in g e, p oint or ou t door env ir onm en t t o- m ult ipoin t w ir eless lin ks, see Ch apt er 7. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Negotiating a Site Lease Aft er y our phy sical and RF sit e sur v ey s, if a decision is m ade t o use t h e sit e, y ou need t o negot iat e a sit e agr eem ent . The follow ing sect ions pr ovid e som e t ip s t hat y ou can use as y ou pr epar e t o reach agr eem en t w it h t he sit e ow n er or m anager . These t ips ar e b ased on a w in- w in •scenar io wh er Table ofhContent s t h e sit e own er benefit fr om t h e agr eem ent . e b ot you and •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Lease Rates By Jack Unger

lish lease er: Cisco Press MonPub t hly r at es can var y w idely depend in g on t h e m ar ket ar ea w h er e a sit e is locat ed. I n a Pub Dat e: February 26,t 200 3 rat es as low as $2 00 per m ont h . I n a cit y w it h h igh building s and hig h r ur al ar ea, y ou m igh f ind I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 pop ulat ion lev els, m ont hly r at es mig ht b e $1 000 per m ont h or higher . This occur s because—at least in t he 35 Unit Pages: 2 ed St at es—bu ild ing ow ners hav e becom e accust om ed t o r eceiving t h ese h ig h r at es fr om cell phon e comp anies. The ow ner s m ight not be w illin g t o r educe t h eir p rice f or small I SPs or inst it ut ion al user s.

On e possib le w ay t o r educe y our m on t hly cost s is t o ask t h e bu ild in g or t ow er ow ner if he can use I nt er net conn ect iv it y at t he sit e. I f t he ow ner ag rees, you m ight t hen be ab le t o n eg ot iat e a Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. agr eem ent t o p ay a low er lease r at e in r et ur n for p rov iding f ree I nt er net access t o t h e sit e. Finally, w h en r oof space on a bu ild ing is lim it ed, b uilding m anager s gener ally giv e pr ef erent ial Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er t r eat ment t o t en ant s w h o alr ead y lease of fice space w it hin t he b uilding as opp osed t o pot ent ial new tUnder enan t sst w ho tonly ant t o lease r oof an at t enion nas w ireless eless sy equipm and he p w rinciples t h at un dersp lieace t h efor oper ofan alld wir st em sent . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Avoiding Interference

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

WhenAv negot iat ing a con t r actencount for sp ace in bory on buildin g, net it is appr opr iat e t o adv ise t he sit e oid com m on p it falls er ed newa w ir eless w or k oper at ors m anager ab out t he licen se- f ree nat ur e of you r equip ment . You cou ld suf fer f rom in t erf erence if ot her Minim licen seip m is p laced nearb y en oncet he it hout f ir st consu lt in g an d izef ree t he equ ef fect s en of tnoise and int er fer onr oof y ourw net w ork coord inat ing w it h you . Ask t hat a p rov ision b e inclu ded in y our lease t o allow you t o appr ov e or disapp Enrov joye tsuch h e sat addit isf act ional ion of use. p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The bPr uilding act icemt hanag e buem siness ent will pr inciples p r obably used also b y ask successf f or assu ul wir raneless ce fr om I SPsy ou ( WIt hat SPs)t he w ir eless equipm ent t hat y ou d ep loy w ill not cau se in t er f er ence t o eq uipm ent t hat ot hers hav e already Use 02.r1eady 1a, 80 b, wit and 11ners g equofipm enequip t m or ment e successfully in pylace our ow off ice, deploy ed.8Be t o2.m11 eet h t8h02. e ow any alr ead y in an dn thom o pr e, ov ide or ou t door env ir onm en t t his assur ance t o buildin g m an agement . Manag er s of com mu nicat ions ant en na t ower sit es adh er e t o t his p rin ciple st r ict ly. The new p ot en t ial t enan t is alw ay s r espon sible f or eliminat in g Chen oose t he r ights net w or kby ar tch it ect ur eipm f oreny tour int er fer ce pr oblem caused h eir equ . w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Access tob rEquipment License- f r ee oadban d w ir eless w ide- area

net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s tTr hese s w h out requ g tphere use pr od uctent s orand serv ices ided byAccessin local t elep hone y t o benefit negot iat e it24 - hour , 7 irin - day weekof equipm ant ennp arov access. g you r or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager equipm ent t o p r ovide main t en ance and adj ust m en t s is r equir ed so t hat y ou can p r ovide qualitsyt o deploy own - efficient et ws. or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings ser v ice tthoeir y our w ircost eless cust omberr oadban s or en dd un ser and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Insurance Requirements w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Most locat ions requ ir e y ou t o h ave liab ilit y in su ran ce t o cov er any possible dam age t hat you r equipm ent m ight cau se. Sit e own er s ar e r igh t ly con cer ned about possible dam age f r om w at er leaks or falling ant enn as. Most of t en , liabilit y cov er age in t he am oun t of $ 1 m illion is r equir ed. Cost s f or t his cov erag e can st ar t below $10 00 per y ear but ar e oft en high er . Con su lt w it h sev er al in su r ance agent s in adv ance t o obt ain qu ot es or t o conf irm t hat you r bu sin ess insur ance p olicy pr ov ides cover age. •

of Content s Man y sit es mTable igh t also ask y ou t o show pr oof t hat you car ry w or k er ' s comp en sat ion insur an ce. •This p rot ect sI ndex t h e ow ner s fr om b eing sued if one of y our w or k er s ex periences an in jur y w h ile De plking oy ing on Li cense eee. W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks w or t h eir- Frsit By Jack Unger Pub lishRequirements er: Cisco Press Work Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN:ion 1- 58 69 -2 Each locat w705 ill -0 hav e it s ow n com binat ion of r ules and regu lat ions r egar ding w ho can per for m 2 ant ennPages: a an d35equ ipm en t inst allat ions. I n m any cases, y our p er sonn el will p er f orm all t he inst allat ion w or k . I n som e b uildings, t he cabling m ig ht hav e t o b e inst alled by elect rical cont r act or s w ho ar e ap pr oved by b uilding m anagem ent . I n some cit ies, you m ight be requ ir ed t o use u nion m em ber s t o inst all y our eq uipm ent . You r inst allat ion w ill p roceed m ost ef ficient ly if y ou accept and respect w hat ev er w ork regu lat ion s ar e in p lace.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Tower Site Requirements

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

A comUnder m unicat ionst he t ower sit e is tah at sp ecialized t . of Man diffeless er entsy comm st and p rinciples un der lie tenv h e iron opermaten ion ally wir st em un s icat ion s syst em s ar e locat ed closely t oget h er an d need t o be m anag ed car ef ully t o ensur e t hat t hey all oper at e prnoper in g you ant enn on an exist ing t ow er can Lear howly.t oSit preovr eq id euirem pr of itent ab slef or andlocat r eliable w irr eless I ntaersyst netem access be r at h er rig id . You can ex pect t o en cou nt er t he follow in g: Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Tow m oun posiencount t ion li merited a t ion s— Your choice w kher e you can mou nt you r Av oidercom m ont ing p it falls b y new w ir eless netof w or oper at ors ant enn as on t he t ow er m igh t be lim it ed. Tow er m anag em ent w ill adv ise y ou w hich Minim m ountize in g t he posit efion fectssar ofe noise open and and int available. er fer en ce Toon min y our im ize netyw our orkin st allat ion , m ain t enance, and m ont h ly cost s, p lan t o m ount y our ant en na( s) at t he low est level t h at p rov ides En joy t hee cov sat erag isf acteion p rov iding ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y com plet of of y our serv ice w area. Pr act t h el ha bu rdw siness inciples y successf ul twir I SPs WI SPs) Ad ditice i ona a reprcost s— Iused f y oubar e t he f irst o peless lace an t en (nas at a cer t ain t ow er height , y ou m igh t b e ask ed t o p ay for an t enna- m oun t ing har dw ar e, su ch as ant enna Use 8ort 02.br 1 1a, 80s.2.Th 11eb,brand 8 02. 11 garm equ en t sev m orerealsuccessfully y our n mou hom nt e, ed off ice, supp ack et acket s ( or s)ipm allow an t en na sy in st em s t oowbe or ou t door env ir onm en t hor izont ally at t he sam e level. Ch oose t he net w orlk re arqui ch itre ect e tfs— or yMany our w tirow eless net I nst a ll at i onr ight pe rsonne mur en er sit eswror eqkuire t hat only pr oper ly t r ained t ow er r igg er s p er f orm ant enna inst allat ion s. This is m or e t han j ust a saf et y issu e. Con phy sicalen sitt ewsur aninim d r ad RF) an sit eimp surrop v eys Tow duct er m anagem an tvseyt os m izeio-t hf reeqchuency ance (t hat er ly inst alled an t enna could fall an d d am age ot her an t ennas on t h e t ow er . License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , St high - spi nt eed last -m w ireeless I nt erInet Licenseee ywour ir eless echnolog y deliv r ict e rf" er en ceile" prot ct ions— t is access. r at her un lik ely t fr hat low -tpow er licensefr er ees t heseequipm benefitent s w itwhillout requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or , cau se int erf erence t o any ot h er t ow er eq uipm ent . On ce in a w hile, how ever cable int com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager er fer en ce can be cau sed by spu riou s sig nals t hat y our equ ip m en t gener at es. I f t his s t o deploy t h eir ever own cost - efficient d nrar et w s t hat h igthild or ings should occur ( ag ain, bitr oadban is rat h er e)or , ykou w ill deliver be ask ed o speed pay t h access e cost s ftor o fbu ilt er and arcorr easect w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost t h e pr oblem . pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

A p hy sical sit e sur v ey in clu des det erm ining h ow t o rou t e cable fr om t he w ir eless Table ent of Content equipm t o t hes ant en na. Tr ue or false? I ndex

De pl oy2ing censee - Fryee ir e leor ssm W iadep- hy Ar esical a Ne tw : LiBefor ouWperf sitorekssur v ey ,

y ou sh ould kn ow how high abov e t h e gr oun d you r ant enn as need t o be m oun t ed. Tr ue or false? By Jack Unger 3:

I f t her e is already wir eless equip ment oper at ing on a bu ild ing, you w ill fir st d iscov er it d ur ing you r RF sit e sur v ey . Tr u e or false?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 1- 58 705 -0 69t-2 4 I:SBN:Minim izing he d ist an ce bet w een you r w ir eless eq uipm ent and you r ant enn a sy st em Pages: is 35 im2 por t ant . Why ?

5:

I f pow er lines ru n near a r oof edge, is it okay t o m oun t y our ant enna near t hat r oof edge? Why or w h y not ?

6 :actWhat is tplan h e biggest con sequ en ce tf rof om a w ir eless sy st em in an ar ea w it h a Best pr ices f or ning and deploy m en br inst oadallin bandg WWANs. high n oise lev el? 7Lear : nI f in you sid er h ave t ipsa fw rom ireless an ex p rperienced ot ocol analy wirzer eless , y ou inddo ustnot r y lead n eedera w ir eless spect ru m analy zer. Tru e or f alse? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 8 : I f t he op er at ion of license- fr ee eq uipm ent cau ses int er fer ence t o t he oper at ion of Lear nlicensed how t o amat pr ov id of it ab le and r eliable w irereless access euer pr r adio equip ment , t he op at or Iofntter henet licen se- fr ee equip ment is r espon sib le for cor r ect ing t h e int erf erence p rob lem . Tr ue or false? Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea 9 : The leng t h of t he spect ru m analy zer samp lin g in t er v al d oesn' t t ell y ou any t hing Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors abou t t h e lev el of RF in t er f er ence in a par t icular ar ea. Tr ue or f alse? Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 1 0 : I n general, t he hig her t he sign al- t o- noise rat io on a w ir eless lin k, t he h igher t h e t hract ough ue or f alse? En joyw ireless t h e sat isf ionput of .p Tr rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 1 1Pr: actWhat of a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint ir eless net w ork is tIhe m (ost v ulner able t o a h ig h ice t h par e but siness pr inciples used b ywsuccessf ul wir eless SPs WI SPs) noise level? Wh y? Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 5. Selecting Antenna Systems Your select ion of t he pr oper ant enn a syst em is t h e bigg est fact or in t he su ccess of you r w ireless net w or k. This chapt er h elp s y ou select t he m ost eff ect iv e ant en na sy st em for y our wir eless w idear ( WAN) . Th is sch apt er discusses t h e follow ing t opics: • ea net w or kTable of Content •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

How an t en nas f ocu s pow er

By Jack Unger

Basic ant enna t y pes Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Ant enn a p olar izat ion and how t o use it

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

I SBN: 1- 58t o 705 -0 69 -2in e ant enn as and how t o com bine t hem Reasons comb Pages: 35 2

Reasons t o isolat e an t ennas an d how t o isolat e t hem I n a w ir ed Et h er n et , t he Et hern et cable dir ect s t he signal. Et her net p ack et s can go on ly w here t he Et her net cable g oes. I n a b r oadban d w ir eless WAN, t h e ant enn a dir ect s t he signal. Wireless pack et s can on ly go w h er e t h e ant enn a syst em r adiat es t h em . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Your ant enna syst em m ust r ad iat e sig nals only t ow ar d you r end users. I n addit ion , t o b e eff ectLear iv e, nyou r ant st em hav e t he g ch er ist in sid er enn t ipsa fsy rom an m exust perienced wirfollow elessinind ustaract r y lead erics: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Be m oun t ed hig h enou gh t o ach iev e a line- of - sig ht ( LOS) pat h Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Hav e en ough g ain t o pr ov id e r eliable link p er f orm an ce Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Be m oun t ed cor rect ly and held in p osit ion secur ely Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Reject n oise an d in t erf er ence f rom ot her signals an d n et w or k s Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Using Antennas to Focus Power and Reduce Interference You already kn ow t hat ant enn as focus pow er t o an d f r om t he en d u ser s w hile r educing •int er fer en ce Table fr om of ot Content her n etswor k s and ot h er direct ions. The next few sect ion s discuss t he •elect r om agnet I ndex ic bu ild ing blocks t hat an t ennas u se t o f ocu s pow er . I n ad dit ion, y ou w ill see h ow De oy ing cense Frence ee W irusing e le ss W i deen - Arna ea p Ne tw or ks ion. t o pl redu ceLiin t erf -er ant olar izat By Jack Unger

Antenna Building Blocks: Lights, Mirrors, and Lenses Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Ant ennI as e -0 t h69 eir SBN:achiev 1- 58 705 -2 direct ivit y by using a com bin at ion of p rop er ly sized an d p rop er ly spaced ant ennPages: a elem ent s. Th ese elem ent s are elect rom agn et ic building block s. Com bining t h e elem ent s 35 2 in diff er ent w ays pr oduces dif ferent ant enn a r adiat ion pat t er ns. I n some design s, t he an t en na elem ent s ar e elect r ically conn ect ed t o each ot her, for m ing a d riv en ar r ay . I n ot h er desig ns, t he elem ent s ar e p laced close t oget h er but w it h n o elect r ical connect ion, f orm ing a par asit ic ar r ay . All ant en nas use a dr iven elem ent . Th e dr iven elem en t is alw ay s elect r ically conn ect ed ( via Best pr act f or ect plan m en t ofent br.oad coaxial cabices le) dir ly ning t o t heand w irdeploy eless equipm Antband ennasWWANs. ach iev e gain w hen t he dr iv en elem ent is com bin ed w it h addit ion al elem ent b uilding block s t hat r ef lect , d irect , or concent r at e t he sign al. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I t is h elp ful t o u se t he concept of ligh t s, len ses, and m ir ror s t o illu st rat e how d if fer ent an t enna Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s designs achiev e gain as t he ant enna elem en t s w or k t oget her t o focu s t r ansmit t ed and r eceived energLear y. n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Driven Element: The Light Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors To cr eat e light , a sour ce of elect r ical ener gy ( such as a bat t er y) is connect ed t o a ligh t b ulb. Th e Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork light bu lb conv ert s t he elect r ical energ y int o lig ht en er gy . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y To cr eat e a w ir eless signal, a sour ce of r ad io fr equency ( RF) energ y ( a t r an sm it t er ) is conn ect ed t o t hePrdact riv ice en elem ent of anprant enna. used The dr en elem ent conv er t sI SPs t h e (RF t h e bu siness inciples b yiv successf ul wir eless WI ener SPs)gy int o r adiat ed elect r om agnet ic ener gy —a w ir eless sig nal. Ev ery ant enna syst em m ust hav e at least one dr iven elem ent init1iat e t80 his2.energ y conv er sion. Uset o 8 02. 1a, 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t A d ipole ant enn a is on e- h alf w av eleng t h ( L / 2) long and is f requ en t ly used as a dr iv en elem ent . A dipoleCh moose ou nt ed t ically abov h er adiat gy equally ink all hor izont al dir ect ions. t hever r ight net w or k eart h cheiteart ect ur f or y es ourener w ir eless net w or This ener gy f or ms a t or us ( d onut - sh aped) pat t er n ar oun d t he ant en na. Wh en t h e dipole is hor izont t o t hphy e eart t heesur donu n uency b ecom(es ion al, r adiat ing en er g y in j ust Conalduct sicalh ,sit v eyt -sshaped an d r adpat io-tfer r eq RF)bidir sit eect sur v eys t w o h or izon t al d ir ect ion s, off t h e t w o sides of t he dipole. Figur e 5- 1 sh ows a t op v iew of t his Licensef r ee r oadban w tirer eless ide- area net w ork s ional ( WW ANs) e fast deploym ented of flow bidir ect ion al br adiat ion dpat n, aswwell as t he bid ir ect pat t erprn ov ofidlight energ y r adiat r om- a cost , high -tsp eed t"ub last flu orescen light e.- m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional iv it yi on is eit er com ely Pa unav ailable Figu r e w5ir- ed 1 . conn Bidiect r ect alhRad iaplet t ion tte r ns or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Bot h t he h or izon t al d ip ole and a h orizon t al flu orescen t light r adiat e m ost of t h eir en er gy of f t he 8 02. 1a,e 80 8 02. equ ipm enWh t men or et hsuccessfully in ypr our ow ny is hom e, off ice, sides.Use They rad1 iat lit t2. le11 orb,noand energ y 11 offgt h e ends. is bidir ect ional opert comb in ed or ou t door env ir onm en t w it h ot her ant enn a elem ent s or, in t h e case of t he flu orescen t light t ub e, w it h ot her opt ical elem ent s, a mor e concent r at ed, m or e f ocu sed beam of energ y r esult s. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Figur e 5- 2 sh ows t w o v er t ical an t en nas. The low er ant en na h as a sing le dipole, half- wav elen gt hCon duct phyent sical surant v eyenn s an r adfour io- f r halfeq uency ( RF) tsit sur vdeys long dr iv en elem . Thsit e et op a dhas w av eleng h-elong riv en element s. Th e fou r dr iv en elem ent s ar e m oun t ed on e abov e t he ot her and connect ed t oget her elect r ically . Becau se Licenseeeen b relem oadban ir eless w idew ork pr ov id e fast deploym all f our df rriv entds w are in a sin glearea line, net t his an tsen( WW na isANs) called a collinear ar r ay . ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Figu r e 5 - 2 . M ul t ip le -D r iv en El em e nt Ra di at ion Pat t e r ns and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access When t w o or mor e d riv en element s ar e elect rically connect ed an d p laced en d- t o- end ( a collinear ar r ay)Select , t he vt ert r adiat ion t er nment ch anges. Theenn donu t -st shem aped t er narf lat he ical m ost eff ect iv epat equip and ant a sy s f orpat y our eat ens out int o a pan cak e shap e. The pan cak e- shaped pat t er n ex t ends f ar t her aw ay f rom t he an t en na t han t he don utAv - shap ed pat t er n. oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors St at ed t ech ize nically t he enna w itand h t he cak t erwnork has m or e gain com p ared t o t he Minim t he, ef fectant s of noise intpan er fer eneceshaped on y ourpat net ant enn a w it h t he d onut - sh aped p at t ern . The t ran sm it t er p ower sup plied t o t he an t enna hasn' t changEn edjoy , but ht et hsat e en isfdact t oion end of dpriv roven iding elemwent ir eless s conI ncent t ernr at et eaccess t hat t ran t o you sm itrt er comm p ower un itin y t o a nar row er bu t long er cov erag e ar ea ( a n ar row er v er t ical b eam w idt h) . A r eceiv er locat ed insid e t his actar ice e bube siness successf ul en wirna eless WI SPs) cover Pr age eat hcan locat pr edinciples f ar t her used aw aybfyrom t he ant an dI SPs st ill r( eceiv e a g ood sign al. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose NO TE t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct sit eatsur v eyiss tan d ragine ad io- ftrheq ( RF) sitou e sur Anot h er wphy ay sical t o look t his o im atuency t h e don ut ar nd vaeys single h alf- w av e v er t ical ant en na is a jelly don ut . Wh en m or e half - wav elen gt h elem ent s ar e add ed , it is Licenseb r oadban d weir along eless wand ide-starea neton w ork WWutANs) oving id e itfast likef raee giant f oot cam ep ped t h es (don , squpr ash dowdeploym n . The jent elly of low cost , squir high -t sspou eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliviner s t b ey ond t he donu t . The r ad iat ion pat t er n of a g ain an t en na is lik e t h e jelly t heset he benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone donu t —it spu rt s out far t her an d f lat t er t han t he donu t . The ener gy r adiat ed fr om a or cablefou com panies. I nt er netarrser iderabout s ( I SPs) andascorp e IT m anager s to r - halfw avWWANs eleng t h-enable long collin ear ayvice spupr r t sovout t w ice far orat as t he ener gy deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings fr om a single h alf - w avelengt h - long ver t ical ant enn a. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Reflector: The Mirror 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Som e ant enn a designs use a r eflect or along w it h t h e dr iv en elem ent . A r ef lect or is an an t en na elem ent t hat is about 5 percent longer t h an t he dr iv en elem ent . The r ef lect or is placed par allel t o t he dr iven elem en t an d ab out one- quar t er w av eleng t h ( l / 4) aw ay fr om t he dr iv en elem ent , as Figur e 5- 3 sh ows.

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5 - 3 . Eff e ct of a Re fl ect or

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy eir elect ownr cost - efficient b rbet oadban k s t elem hat deliver h- speed access f or bu ild ings Ther e ist hno ical conn ect ion w eend tnhet ew dror iven en t an dh ig t he r eflect or . W hen and ar eas w here it ional edd conn iv it en y is h erencoun com plet unav ailable or is costt -h e elect r om agnet ic wt rad av es leav ewtirhe r iv enect elem t , eit t hey t erely t he r eflect or. Because it ivis e. bot Deploy ing Licenseee Wir elesslon Widek s ist he t hewfaves ir st book t hatoff pr of ov ides rprefohib lect or h phy sically an dFrelect r ically ger tArea han tNet he w wor aves, bou nce the plet r eal" sttar t od en esign, , oper at ion, an dj oin supt por t in for mlect at ion rcom ef lect ore,and t urwnorld back owt -ar d ftin heishdr" iv eleminst entallat . Th ion e r ef lect ed w aves h e non - ref ed f or ireless her orsignal ganizatpat iont er s deploy wiray eless including erfect age isof w av es t oI SPs f ormand a stot r onger n in t h in eg dirout ectdoor ion aw fr omWANst he r ef lect or . Thcov e ef 80 2. 11a, .1 1b,a 802 1g,m and opr iet ary - prtotbocol et w or - neut al book cover similar t o 802 placing cur v.1ed ir ror prbehind a ligh ulb. nMost ofk ts.heThis lighvt endor ener gy is rreflect ed in ones

dir ect ion , aw ay fr om t he cur v ed m irr or . Toget her , t h e dr iven elem ent an d t he r eflect or com b in e t o m ak e t h e ant enna m ore dir ect ional, w it h mor e g ain in t he for w ard d ir ect ion an d less gain in t he back w ard d ir ect ion.

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designs use a d ir ect or along w it h a dr iv en elem ent . A dir ect or is an an t enna •Som e ant ennI a ndex elem ent hat is -about 5 epercent t han De pl oy ing tLi cense Fr ee W ir le ss W i deshor - Ar e at er Ne tw or kst he d r iv en elem en t . The d irect or is placed par allel tBy oJack t he Unger d riv en elem ent and abou t on e- q uar t er w avelengt h ( l / 4) aw ay fr om t he dr iv en elem ent . Ther e is no elect r ical conn ect ion bet w een t h e dr iven elem en t an d t he dir ect or. When elect r om agnet ic w av es leav e t he d r iv en elem en t , t hey encoun t er t he d ir ect or. Because t h e Pub lish er: Cisco Press dir ect or is phy sically and elect r ically sm aller t han t he w av es, t he w av es t end t o t r av el t ow ar d t h e PuborDat e: February dir ect . Th e dir ect26, or 200 con3cent rat es t h e w aves int o a t ight er b eam . Th is is sim ilar t o usin g a lens I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 in fr ont of a ligh t bu lb t o concen t r at e t he lig ht ener gy , as show n in Figur e 5- 4 . Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 5 - 4 . Eff e ct of a Di r ect or Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, ouor t door ir onm en The dor irect has env a concent r att ing eff ect on t h e elect r om agnet ic w av es sim ilar t o t h e w ay a lens concen t r at es lig ht wav es. The w av es are con cent rat ed in t he dir ect ion of t h e dir ect or . Th is gives Chenna oose dir t heect r ight w or k arinchtithe ectf orw ur e ar f ord ydir our ir eless net w or k t he ant iv it y net and gain ectwion . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , NO highTE - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cableMan comy panies. WWANs seror vice pr ov I SPs) and e I Telement m anager ant ennas mak e enable u se of bI nt ot er h net ref lect s and dirider ect sor(s. Wh en botcorp h oforat t h ese s s to deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings ar e comb ined w it h t he dr iven elem en t , t h e result is a hig hly dir ect iv e hig h- gain and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ant enn a. The Yagi ant en na ( d iscussed shor t ly ) is on e exam ple. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Antenna Polarization This sect ion d escrib es an t enna polar iz at ion an d p rov ides sever al exam p les t o help y ou select t h e best p olar izat ion for you r par t icular w ireless sy st em en vir onm ent .

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Tw ooy elect r om agn ield e- Ar a et raansmit in g an t enna and ar riv e at a r eceivin g an t en na: an De pl ing Li cense - Fret eeicWf ir e le s ssleav W i de Ne tw ortks elect r ic field ( also ref er r ed t o as t he E- field) and a m agn et ic field ( also r efer red t o as t he HBy Jack Unger field) . The E- f ield and t h e H- field ar e p er pend icu lar ( at a 90- degr ee an gle) t o each ot her , and each f ield is also per pendicular t o t he d irect ion t hat t he elect r om agnet ic w av e is t r av eling . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

ThePub E- field ist s in26,t he e plane ( w it h t he sam e or ient at ion) as t h e plane of t h e ant enn a Dat e: ex February 200sam 3 elem ent s. By d ef init ion, I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 t h e plane of t he E- f ield is t h e polar izat ion of t h e ant enn a. I f t he an t en na elem ent s ar e v ert ical r elat ive t o t he su rf ace of t he ear t h, t he E- field is v ert ical an d t he signal is Pages: 35 2 v er t ically polar ized. I f t he ant enn a elem ent s are hor izon t al r elat iv e t o t he su rf ace of t he ear t h, t he E- field is hor izont al an d t he ant en na is h orizon t ally polar ized. I n you r net w or ks, y ou can u se an y of t he f ollow in g f our t yp es of p olarizat ion t o max im ize r ecept ion of desir ed sig nals w hile r ed ucing noise and int er fer en ce f r om un desir ed sign als: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Vert ical p olarizat ion Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Hor izont al p olar izat ion Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Cir cular polar izat ion Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Cr oss polar izat ion Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Vertical Polarization Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Vert ical p olarizat ion is used in m any w ir eless WAN deploym ent s. Figur e 5- 5 sh ows t he or ien tEn at ion joy of t h et he satEisffact ieldion of of a ver p rov t ically iding polar w ir eless ized Ian n t tern enna et access relat iv et ot oyou t h er comm ant ennun a itan y d r elat ive t o t he su rf ace of t he ear t h. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Figu r e 5 - 5 . Ver t ica l Pola r iz at ion Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Envjoy t h e sat isf act ion an of t penrov iding elessisI vn er t ern et access t ot oyou r comm unof it yt h e eart h . Wit h a ert ically polar ized na, the w E-irf ield t ical, r elat iv e t he sur face Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Horizontal Polarization Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Hor izont al p olar izat ion is used in som e w ir eless WAN deploy ment s. Figur e 5- 6 sh ows t he ooseoft he ight netof w or arizon ch it tect ur polar e f or ized y our ant w irenn eless or kt o t he ant enna and r elat iv e or ien tCh at ion t her Ef ield a khor ally a rnet elatwive t o t he sur face of t h e eart h . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Figu r e 5 - 6 . Hor iz ont al Pola r iz a t ion t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Enhjoy t h et ally sat isfpolar act ion of ant p rov iding w irEeless access t o you comm un itf ace y of t he Wit h a orizon ized enn a, t he fieldI nist ern horet izont al, r elat iv er t o t he sur eart h. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

Circular or ouPolarization t door env ir onm en t

Ch oose hecu r ight net wizat or k ion ar ch ur in e faorwyireless our w irW eless w or Occasion ally , tcir lar polar isituect sed AN. net Figur e k5- 7 sh ows t he or ien t at ion of t he E f ield of a cir cularly p olarized ant enna r elat iv e t o t he an t en na. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Figu r e 5 - 7 . Ci r cul ar Pola r iz at ion t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim t hep olar ef fect s ofant noise and fer enisceconst on yan our Wit h a cir cuize larly ized enna, t heintE-erfield t ly net rotwatork in g relat iv e t o t h e ant enn a. Depend in g on t h e ant enn a const r uct ion, t he E- f ield m ight be eit her r igh t - hand circu lar ly En joyort hlef e tsat isf act ion lar of ly p rov iding w irdeless n t ernon et taccess t o ion you( rorcomm un of it y r ot at ion. The polar ized - hand circu polar ized, ep en Iding he d ir ect sense) E- f ield f rom a r ight - h and cir cular ly polar ized ant en na r ot at es clockw ise as it leav es t he ant en na. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) The E- field fr om a lef t - hand circu lar ly polar ized an t enna rot at es cou nt erclockw ise as it leav es t he ant enn a. 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Use or ou t door env ir onm en t

Cross ChPolarization oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k duct sur vpolar ey s an d rion ad iof rnd eq uency e sur v eys Cr ossCon polar izatphy ionsical and sit cirecular izat sou sim ilar( RF) bu t sit t h ey are not t he sam e t hing . As exp lain ed in t he p rev ious p arag rap h, cir cu lar polar iz at ion d escrib es t he or ien t at ion of t he License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low r ot at ing E- f ield r elat iv e t o t he an t en na. I n cont r ast , cross p olar izat ion occu rs wh en t h e E- f ields of cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t w o an t ennas ar e at r ight angles t o each ot her , such as w hen one ant enn a is h orizon t ally t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or polar ized an d on e ant enn a is v ert ically polar ized . Anot h er ex am ple of cross p olarizat ion is w hen cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o one an t enna is r ig ht - h and cir cular ly polar ized and t he ot her ant enn a is left - h and cir cular ly deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings polar ized . and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibant it ivennas e. Deploy inga LicenseFr eeizat Wirion eless WideArea w or kofs ab is out t he f-ir20 st dB. book hatm pr ovsides Most h ave cr oss- polar discr im inat ion Net ( XPD) Thtis ean t hat com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m ionnal f or t he ant enna discr im inat es against ( at t enuat es) cr oss- polarized sig nals by about 20 dB. Aatsig w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of at t enu at ed by 20 dB is redu ced t o ab out 1/ 10 0t h of it s or iginal p ow er lev el. For t his r eason, you 80 2. 11a, 802t h.1e1b, 802ant .1 1g, and pr opr ary othocol w or k s. v endor r alerbook need t o use same enna polar izatiet ion at- pr bot endnsetof you r wThis ireless lin k- neut or suff a 2 0-cover dB s

r ed uct ion in signal st reng t h. Som et im es, y ou can use XPD t o y our adv ant age. I f y ou need t o redu ce t he level of an int er fer ing signal, y ou can or ient bot h ( or all) of y our ant ennas t o be cr oss polar ized r elat iv e t o t he polar izat ion of t he int er fer ing sig nal. You w ill redu ce t he level of t he int er fer ing sig nal by 20 dB or 9 9 p er cent , as show n in Figur e 5- 8 . •

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Figu r e 5 - 8 . Cr oss Pol ar i za t i on

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y I n addit ion t o u sin g cr oss polar izat ion t o r ed uce t he lev el of int erf ering signals, y ou can u se cr oss polar izat ion t o do t he follow in g: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Re use fr eq ue ncie s— You can cross p olar ize y our ant ennas t o r educe noise f rom ot her or ou t door env ir onm en t par t s of y our own n et w or k , t her eby allow in g you t o reuse t h e same fr eq uency at ot her access poin t s ( APs) . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Av oid ov er loa d— You can cross p olar ize t o at t enuat e st ron g ou t - of- band signals an d Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys t her eby r ed uce ov er loading an d d esensit izat ion of y our receiv er. Desensit izat ion redu ces t hef rsize y our sy cov er age area ar ea.net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licenseee bof r oadban d st wem ir eless w idecost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies.Selection WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Polarization Examples deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here w irions ed conn iv it y illust is eitrhat ere com pletuses ely unav ailable cost The ex am ples in tthrad e tit hrional ee sect t hatect follow t y pical of ver t icallyorp is olarized, pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides hor izont ally p olar ized, an d cir cu larly p olarized ant enna syst em s. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Example 1: Cost-Effective Deployment I nit ially, for a fast , sim ple, and low - cost deploy ment , a v ert ically polar ized om nidir ect ion al ( om ni) ant enna is oft en used, as sh own in Figur e 5- 9 .

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Table Content s Figu r eof 5 - 9 . Ver t ica ll y Pola r iz ed O m ni dir e ct i ona l An t e nn a

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t A v er t ical omn i is t he fast est , lowest - cost w ay t o deploy an out d oor w ireless W AN. I f t he ant en na is m ount ed hig h enou b ek clear n ur eare by it is net r elat Ch oose t he r ight gh nett o w or ar ch itofect f orobst y ouracles, w ir eless w ively or k easy t o cov er a circular ar ea w it h a r adius of t wo or t h ree m iles. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Ther e ar e, how ever , sev eral sig nificant disadv ant ages t o using an omn i: License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ex posure t o noi se — Using an omn i exp oses t he AP r eceiv er t o a high level of n oise. All t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t he ver t ically p olar ized noise and int erf erence sour ces wit h in t he ant enn a cov er age area ar e cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o r eceived all t he t ime. You cannot discrim inat e against or redu ce any of t he noise sou rces. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Cove ra ge a re a l im it a t i ons— Using a low - t o- m oder at e g ain om ni ( + 6 t o + 10 dBi) lim it s pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t he cov erag e ar ea t o a few m iles. Using a h igher gain om ni ( su ch as + 1 5 d Bi) enlar ges t he com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or cover age ar ea in t heor y bu t , in pr act ice, t he flat ness of t he pancak e r adiat ion p at t ern w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of concen t r at es most of t he ener gy t ow ar d t he f ar edge of t he cov er age ar ea. Th is mak es it 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s dif ficult t o simu lt aneously cov er t he en d u ser s w ho ar e locat ed closer t o t he an t en na.

Becau se of t hese lim it at ions, u sing a ver t ical om ni as a qu ick ly deploy ed , low - cost ant enn a syst em is n ot r ecom m ended ex cep t in a sm all t ow n w her e t her e ar e no sign ificant pr esent ( or fu t ur e) n oise an d in t er f er ence sour ces.

Example 2: Noise Reduction •

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t h e pr evious ver t ical om nidir ect ional ant enna exam ple, a bet t er, mor e n oise•Com par ed t oI ndex r esist AP an t-en naWsy hra ee hor ally polar ized sect or ant ennas, as Figur e 5- 1 0 De pl oyant ing Li cense Fr ee ir est leem ss Wuses i de - Art e Ne tw orizont ks show s. By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Figu r e 5 - 1 0 . H or i z on t a ll y Pol ar i ze d Se ct or An t e nn as

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Figur 5- 1panies. 0 sh owsWWANs an AP wenable it h t hr ee or s. sect cover s abou t 12 0 degr u ses as t o cableecom I nt sect er net serEach vice pr ovor ider s ( I SPs) and corp oratees e I Tan mdanager hor izont ally p olar ized sect or ant enn a. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Hor izont al p olar izat ion r ed uces t he noise an d int er f er ence comin g f r om t he v er t ically polar ized pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides ant enn as by 2 0 dB. This occur s b ecause of t h e cr oss polar izat ion discr im in at ion ( XPD) b et ween com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or t he hor izont ally polar ized and t h e v er t ically p olarized ant enn a syst em s. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s The t hr ee- sect or ant enna syst em has an ad dit ional ad van t age com par ed t o an om nidir ect ional

ant enn a sy st em . An om ni is ex posed t o noise fr om a 36 0- degr ee cover age ar ea. Each sect or of a t hr ee- sect or sy st em is ex posed t o noise only f rom a 1 20- d eg ree cov er age ar ea. Th e noise r ed uct ion adv ant age sh ould b e 2/ 3 , or 6 6 p er cen t . Dow nt ilt in g p rov ides even m or e noise redu ct ion an d sign al- t o- noise r at io ( SNR) imp rov em en t f or t he t hr ee- sect or sy st em. Dow nt ilt ing allow s or ient in g t he m ain lob e of each sect or an t enna dow n aw ay f rom t he hor izon and t ow ar d t he m ajor it y of end user s in t hat sect or. This incr eases t he signal lev el t o an d f r om end user s in t h e sect or w hile r educing t he dist ant n oise com ing fr om • Table of Content s bey ond t he sect or. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A m or e det ailed d escr ip t ion of sect or ant enn as is com in g u p in t h e nex t f ew pages, so SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 st Iay t un ed in. Pages: 35 2

On e final adv ant age of a sect or ized an t enna sy st em is t hat it can st art out w it h one r adio and one t hr ee- w ay pow er split t er t o con nect all t h ree sect ors t o t h e one r adio. Rem ov ing t he split t er and ingices t w of orm plan or e rning adiosand expdeploy ands tm heenAP t h reeWWANs. t im es t he n um ber of user s w it hout Best add pr act t oft obrserv oadeband needing t o ch ange t he ant enn a sy st em in any ot her w ay. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Example 3: Multipath Resistance

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

I n an Lear u rb an en virt oonm ent any uilding s, man incomI nt in er g sign al r ef lect ions are possib le, n how pr ov id ewit prhofm it ab le band r eliable w iry eless net access and m ult ipat h can be a pr oblem. Cir cu larly p olar ized ant enna syst em s, as Figur e 5- 1 1 sh ows, can prSelect ove b en icial. t heefm ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize fect s of andar int er fer ce en on yna ouri n netaw ork Figu re 5 - 1t he 1 . efCir cu la noise r ly Pol i ze d en Ant M ul t ip at h En v ir onm e nt En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors WhenMinim a cir cu larly olarized nal and is r eflect t he olarizat sen ize t he pef fect s of sig noise int ered, fer en ce pon y our ion net w orkse ch anges. For ex am ple, a r ight - h and cir cular ly polar ized signal becom es left - h and cir cular ly polar ized. Cir cu lar polar iz at ion can redu ce tmh ue ltsat ip at ef fect s because a on r eflect ar r iv at rt he receiv ing En joy isfhact ion of p rov iding w irceeless I n ted ernsignal et access t oesyou comm un it y ant enn a w it h a r ever sed polar izat ion sense. The XPD of t he cir cular ly polarized r eceiv ing ant en na at t enuPratact esice t het hr eeflect ed sigpr nal b y –2 0used t o –3 d B. This ul sever ely atItSPs en uat edSPs) mu lt ipat h sig nal is t oo bu siness inciples b y0 successf wir eless ( WI w eak t o int er f er e w it h t he d irect signal and cause r eceiver er ror s. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

TI P Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Use cir cular polar izat ion con ser vat iv ely and only in en vir onm ent s w h er e m ult ip at h Licenser eesbt rooadban d wer ir eless w ideareanoise net wand ork sint ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low appfear be a bigg pr oblem t han er fer en ce. Circular p olarizat ion cost , pr high - sp eed w ir eless erizont net access. fr ee w ir eless t echnolog deliv ov ides only" last –3 -dmBile" of XPD fr omI nt hor ally an dLicensever t ically polar ized sign als. Byy usin g er s t hesecircular benefit p s olarizat w it h oution requ irinw g ill t h ex e use of pr od s orenserv rov cause ided byintlocal elep or , you perience intuct er fer ce frices om pand er ferten ce hone to cableany comnpanies. WWANs enable net ser viceiz ed pr ov ider s a( I sy SPs) and ear b y hor izont ally and vI nt er er t ically polar ant enn st em s. corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Surveying Common Antenna Types You need t o be ab le t o ident if y dif fer en t t y pes of ant en na sy st em s f or t he follow ing reasons:

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An t en na Table selofect Content i on—s To select t h e best an t en na f or y our p ar t icu lar applicat ion, y ou need t o kn owI ndex w hat ant enn a t y pes ar e av ailab le and w hat t he char act er ist ics are of each t y pe.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

I nt e rf e re nce re duct ion — You w ill m ost lik ely d ep loy a w ir eless net w or k in an ar ea w her e one or m ore ot her w ireless n et wor k s alr ead y ex ist . You need t o be ab le t o id en t ify t h e ant enn a t y pe, p olar izat ion, and cover age pat t er n t hat t hese exist ing net w or ks are usin g. PubThis lish er:inCisco for mPress at ion allow s y ou t o select an t ennas f or y our ow n net w or k t hat w ill m in imize Pub 3 intDat ere:ferFebruary en ce fr26, om200 ( and t o) t he ex ist in g net w ork s.

By Jack Unger

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

The sect ions35t2h at f ollow descr ibe t h e ant enn a t y pes t hat ar e m ost f requ en t ly used f or out d oor Pages: w ireless WANs: Om nid ir ect ion al ant en nas Best pr Yagiact ices Uda f(or Yagi) planan ning t ennas and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Cor ner r eflect or ant enn as Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Par abolic ant enn as Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Panel an t en nas Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Helix an t ennas Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Omnidirectional Antennas

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork An om ni an t en na r ad iat es equ ally in all h orizon t al ( azim ut h , or com pass) dir ect ion s, but it Ens joy t h eivsat of ical p rovdiding w irby eless I n t ern eting access t o you unor it ypancak eexh ibit dir ect it y isf inact t heion v ert irect ion concen t r at en er gy in t or acomm don ut shaped pat t er n. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Most oft en, om n id irect ional an t en nas ar e v ert ically polar ized , alt houg h hor izont ally polar ized 02. 1 av 1a,ailab 80 2. 11Horizont b, and 8ally 02. 11 g equ ipm ennis t mgener or e successfully ineybour ow n thom om nisUse ar e8also le. p olarized om ally cost mor ecause h eir e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t const r uct ion is m or e com plex and t hey ar e m anuf act ur ed in sm aller qu ant it ies. t he r ight w or k ar ch it ect ur e fand or y hor our izont w ir eless net w ized or k om n i ant enn as. Figur eCh5-oose 1 2 sh ows bot hnet v er t ically p olarized ally polar Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low 5 - 1 2I nt . O dir e ctLicenseion al frAn eirnn as t echnolog y deliv er s cost , high - sp eed " last -Figu m ile" rweir eless erm netniaccess. ee tw eless t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork t h epolar sat isf act ion p rov iding ir eless n t ern access t o you y The v En er tjoy ically ized om nofi consist s of wf our v er tI ical 1/et 2 w avelengt h ( l r/ comm 2) dr ivun enit elem ent s, placed end t o en d, an d con nect ed elect r ically . The m ain lobe of t he omn i is shaped like a Pre, actwice bu siness pr tinciples b y successf ul wir eless ( WI SPs) pan cak it ht ha egain of abou + 6 dBdused ( decibels ref er enced t o a l I/ SPs 2 dipole) or + 8 d Bi ( decibels r ef erenced t o an isot rop ic ant enn a) f or st at ions t h at ar e locat ed w it hin t he main lobe. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, ou t door ir onm t ni consist s of f our clover leaf - shaped ant ennas, p laced one ab ove The hor or izon t ally env polar iz ed en om t he ot her and connect ed elect r ically . Th is om ni p at t er n , alt houg h hor iz ont ally polar ized , is also Cheoose he w r ight w orofk + ar6chdBd it ect(ur or dBi) y our. w ir eless net w or k pan cak shapted it h anet gain ore+f 8 Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s NO TE t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cableFigur com epanies. WWANs enable I ntdesign er net ser pr ov ider s ( ni. I SPs) and oratoteher I T m anager s t o 5- 1 2 sh ows one t y pical of avice h orizont al om Ther e arcorp e also deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings hor izont al om ni designs. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Yagi-Uda Antennas 80 2. 11a, 802(Yagi) .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The Yag i- Ud a ( u su ally called sim ply a Yag i) ant en na is n am ed af t er Hid et sug a Yag i and Shint aro Uda. Th is ant enna consist s of a dipole d riv en element , usually w it h a single r eflect or and one or m or e dir ect or s. Figur e 5- 1 3 sh ows a Yagi ant enna.

Figu r e 5 - 1 3 . Ya gi- Uda ( Yagi ) An t e nn a

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, A Yagor i ant na isenv m ade upenoft t he f ollow in g an t en na building block s: ouen t door ir onm Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k The d r iv en elem en t ( DE) is a l l 2 dipole. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys The r eflect or is slig ht ly long er t han t he d r iv en elem en t , has n o elect r ical connect ion t o t he DE,f rand s like da wmirirr or t owrideef lect t henet r adiat y back t ow d t he DE. ent of low Licenseee b act r oadban eless area w orked s ( energ WW ANs) pr ov id earfast deploym cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s d irect slight ly irin shor h an of t he has elect r ical connect ivitlocal y t o tthe an dor t heseThe benefit s worit hisout requ g tt er h e tuse pr DE, od uct s orn oserv ices p rov ided by elepDE, hone act s like a lens t o focus t he r adiat ed en er gy aw ay f r om t he DE. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings The of tt rad h e Yagi exw t ends ou t f ect r omiv it t he onth;ert he f r ont endailable of t heoranist enna and m arain eas lobe w here it ional ir ed conn y isf r eit com pletis elyt he unav cost - t hat t he dir ect or is on. A Yagi can be m ou nt ed eit her v ert ically or h orizont ally , d ep en ding on pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hatt he pr ov ides polar izate,ion t hat you need. 5-"1d3esign, sh owsinst a t allat h ree-ion elem en tatYag how ev erpor , Yag enf or com plet r ealw orld " st ar t -Figur t o- f ineish , oper ion,i; an d sup t inisforare m atoft ion const r uct ed w it h m any m or e elem ent s. At 2. 4 GHz, Yagis w it h 10 or ev en 2 0 element s and gains w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of as h ig h as802 + 20 dBi 802 ar e .1 av1g, ailable. 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

NO TE

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A Yag i ant en na is som et imes m oun t ed inside a long, t ubu lar r adom e. ( Radom es ar e discussed in m or e d et ail lat er in t his ch apt er) . These yag is are st ill d irect ional t ow ar d t he far end ( aw ay f rom t he m oun t ing end) of t he t u be. Do not mak e t h e m ist ak e of Table of Content s t hin king t h at t h ese an t en nas r adiat e of f t he sides lik e om nidir ect ional ant ennas do. I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Corner Reflector Antennas Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A cor ner r eflect or con sist s of a dipole- dr iven elem ent mou nt ed in f ron t of a par asit ic ( no I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 elect r ical con nect ion ) r eflect or. I n st ead of a st r aigh t r eflect or , lik e a Yag i, t he cor ner r eflect or is Pages: 35 2 a sh eet of m et al b en t int o a cor ner shap e, as sh ow n in Figur e 5- 1 4.

Figu r e 5 - 1 4 . Cor ne r Ref le ct or An t e nn a Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The mPrain actlobe ice t hofe abucor siness ner rpr eflect inciples or ext used end sb yout successf fr om t ul h e wir fr on eless t ( t hIeSPs dr iven ( WI SPs) elem ent ) side of t he ant enn a. The angle of t h e ref lect or can be 4 5, 60 , or 9 0 d eg r ees. The an t en na in Figur e 5- 1 4 is Useally 8 02. 1 1a,ized 80 2. 11 b, se and equ ipm m or e successfully in y. our n ing homt he,e off hor izont p olar becau t he8 02. dr iv11 eng elem ent en ist hor izont ally polar ized By row ot at en ice, t ire or ou t door env ir onm en t ant enn a 9 0 d eg rees, t he m ain lobe becom es ver t ically p olar ized. Th e gain of a cor ner r ef lect or m ight be as high as + 15 dBi. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licenser ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low NOf TE cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heseOccasion benefit sally w it,hyout irinsee g t ha ecor use od uct or serv ices uses p rov ided t elep ou requ mig ht nerof r pr eflect or sdesig n t hat a ser by ies local of r ods or hone r ib- or cableshaped com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to elem ent s f or t he r eflect or inst ead of a solid m et al r ef lect or . Th e r ods ar e deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings ar r anged in a cor n er p at t ern j ust lik e a solid met al reflect or . These ant ennas perf or m and ar east wt hhere t radas it ional w ir ed conn y lect is eit plet unav is cost abou e same a solidback corect neriv ritef orh, er b utcom t hey arely e lig ht erailable and pror esen t less pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides r esist ance in high w inds. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Parabolic Reflector Antennas A p ar abolic ref lect or an t en na ( or dish an t enna) usually consist s of a dip ole- dr iv en elem ent m ount ed in fr ont of a p arab olic- shap ed r ef lect or . Som e m or e exp en siv e par abolic an t en nas u se a w av eg uide f eed inst ead of a dipole- dr iven elem ent . Figur e 5- 1 5 sh ows t w o par abolic an t en nas, one w it h a solid r ef lect or an d on e w it h a gr id r ef lect or . •

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Figu r e 5 - 1 5 . Pa r abol ic An t e nn a

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors The m ain lobe of a par abolic ant enn a ex t en ds ou t f rom t he f ron t ( t he dr iv en elem ent ) sid e of t he Minim ef fect ofount noise int erolic fer en ce 90 on ydour net wyou ork can select eit her v er t ical or ant enn a. Byize r ott he at ing t h es m of and a p arab d ish eg rees, hor izont al polar iz at ion . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The lar ger t h e diam et er of t he r eflect or , t he hig her t he g ain of t h e ant enn a. Ty pical 2. 4- GHz Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) par abolic an t en na gains r ang e fr om + 18 t o + 24 dBi. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, A g r id par ab olic h as less w ind r esist ance, a low er f ron t - t o- back ( F/ B) rat io, bet t er XPD, an d a or ou t door env ir onm en t low er cost t han a solid par abolic ant enn a. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k ConAntennas duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) Panel

sit e sur v eys

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low A p anel ant en na t y pically consist s of an ar r ay of dr iven elem ent s m oun t ed in fr on t of a flat , cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s m et allic r eflect or. The ent ir e ant enn a is cov er ed wit h a plast ic or fib er glass cov er . A panel t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ant enn a is u su ally on ly a f ew inches w ide. Dependin g on t h e gain, t he heigh t an d w idt h m igh t cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o v ary fr om 6 inches ( 15 cm ) on a side up t o an d b ey ond 3 0 in ch es ( 76 cm ) on a side. Figur e 5- 1 6 deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings show s t w o panel an t en na ex am ples. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Figu e iet 5 - ary 1 6-.prPa ne lnAn s v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and prropr ot ocol et w toren k s.na This

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork The hEn or izon v ert w iding idt h s w ofirteless he m ain lobe a panel an t en na mig joy tthale an satdisf actical ion b ofeam p rov I n t ern et of access t o you r comm unht it yor mig ht not be sy m met r ic. An ex am ple of a sy m m et r ic beam w idt h is an ant enn a w it h a 30 - degr ee hor izont al and aPr30eg ree ertsiness ical b eam w idt h . used A n onm et r icul ex am ple is a sect ant en na w it h a 60actdice t h e vbu pr inciples b ysym successf wir eless I SPs ( WIorSPs) degr ee hor izont al beamw idt h an d an 8 - degr ee ver t ical beam wid t h. Keeping t hese r espect ive 02. 1a, 80 a 2.pan 11 b,eland g ed equ9ipm enrees t m ort oe ut successfully y our off ice, beamUse w idt8hs in1 m ind, can 8b02. e r 11 ot at 0 d eg ilize eit h er inhor izontow alnorhom vere, t ical or ou t door ir onm en t el ant enna is oft en called a sect or ant enn a because it is specifically polar izat ion. Th isenv t y pe of pan designed for u se in sect or ized AP ant enn a sy st em s. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Panel an d sect or ant enn as hav e m oder at e t o h igh gains, f rom + 8 t o + 20 dBi. Th ey hav e a clean , duct phy sical sit m e sur v eyes pr anices, d r adand io- f rar eqeuency ( RF) un clu Con t t er ed appear ance, oderat av ailab le wsit it he asur wvideys e v ariet y of r adiat ion pat t er ns. For t h ese r eason s, panel an t en nas ar e g ain ing w id e accept an ce for u se in w ir eless LicenseWANs. f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Helix deploy tAntennas h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib The h elix it iv e. is Deploy a cir cular ing ly Licensepolar ized Fr eeant Wir eneless na w it Wideh a cir Area cu lar, Nethelically w or k s iswt he ound f ir st d riv book en element t hat pr ovt hat idesis com plet like shaped e, r eala spr w orld in g. "Th st eardr t - tiven o- f inelem ish " ent d esign, usually inst has allatfion r om , oper 5 t o at 2 ion, 0 t u ran ns;d each sup por t utr ninis foron m eat ion f or w ireless av elengt I SPs h ( l and ) in cir ot her cu mf orerence, ganizat ion w it hs deploy in div id in ual g out t ur ns door spaced wir eless on e-WANsq uar t er including w avelengt covherap age artof 80 along 2. 11a, t he 802 leng.1t h1b, of 802 t he .1 an1g, t en and na. Th pr e opr driet iven aryelem - pr oten ocol t isnm etou w or ntked s. in This f ron v endor t of a - m neut et allic r al book r ef lect cover or s

t hat can be eit her cir cular or sq uar e and eit her solid or m esh, as Figur e 5- 1 7 sh ows.

Figu r e 5 - 1 7 . H el ix Ant e nn a

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Depend in gn on ion t hat heledrand ivenr eliable elem enwt iriseless w ou nd, t he pr odu ces eit her left - h and Lear howt hteo dir pr ect ov id e pr of it tab I nt er nethelix access or r ight - hand circular polarizat ion . Helix an t en nas h ave t yp ical g ains of + 12 t h rou gh + 17 dBi; t he mor e t u rt ns, t he igher t hee equip gain. ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select he m osth eff ect iv Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

TI P En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Rem em b er t his w hen using cir cular polar izat ion: The an t en nas on bot h end s of t he link Pr act tice t h e tbu used b yion successf wir SPsd( WI SPs)or b ot h left need o use h esiness same pr cirinciples cular polar izat sense ul ( b ot h eless r igh t -Ihan sense han d sense) . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Combining Antenna Systems Ther e ar e a n um ber of r easons t o com bine an t ennas or t o conn ect mor e t h an one ant enn a simu t aneously t o t he sam e piece of w ir eless equipm ent . Oft en , ant enn as ar e com b in ed t o m odify t he dir ect iv it y and t he g ain of an ant en na sy st em . For ex amp le, t he hor izont ally p olarized omn i •in Figur e 5- 1 2Table of Content s fou r hor izont ally polar ized om n i ant enn as placed ( st ack ed ) close is mad e up of •t oget h er an dI ndex elect rically connect ed . When t hese fou r ant enn as ar e st ack ed t oget her t o cr eat e De pl oy Li cense - Frem, ee Wtirhe e legss W i de - Ar eua pNeby tw or one aning t enna sy st ain g oes + 6ks dB and t he v ert ical b eam w idt h of t h e main lobe nar r owUnger s by a fact or of f our . ( D onut - t o- pancak e—r em em ber ?) You m igh t h ave sit uat ion s in w h ich By Jack y ou n eed t o com bin e ant ennas t o cr eat e a cust om cov er ag e pat t er n. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Mu lt ip at h fadin g is som et imes a pr oblem in wir eless WANs. To redu ce t he pr ob lem of m ult ip at h, e: February 26, 200 3 somPub e wDat ir eless equ ip m en t includ es t he capabilit y t o m onit or t w o ant enna inpu t s and t o sw it ch t o I SBN: 1- 58 705 -2 ant enna on a pack et - by - packet basis. A t w o- ant en na sy st em is called a t he sign al f rom t he-0 69 b est Pages: 2 na sy st em . At some point , y ou m ight need t o set up a diver sit y ant enna syst em . div ersit y ant35en The sect ions t h at f ollow descr ibe t echniqu es and pr ov id e exam ples t o help y ou successf ully com bine ant en na sy st em s or set up div er sit y ant enn a syst em s.

Best pr act ices f or plan and deploy mAntenna en t of br oadSystems band WWANs. Feeding Power toning Combined You can nuermbt ips er of metan h ods t o feed p ow t o com ant enna sy st ems. Th e pow er f eed Learu nseinasid f rom ex perienced wirereless indbined ust r y lead er t echniqu e t hat is t he m ost pr act ical f or w ir eless WAN u se is t o use a pow er div ider ( som et im es calledUnder a powster split t erp)rinciples . Pow er div ider ar elieused t o feed equofalall amwir oun t s ofsypow erst o in div id ual and t he t h at unsder t h e oper at ion eless st em ant enn as w it hin an ant enna syst em . Figur e 5- 1 8 p r ovides an exam p le of a t w o- por t pow er div ider. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount y new gw ir oper Figu r e 5 -er1ed 8 .b Usin aeless Pownet erw or Dikvi deat r ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Figur e 5- 1 8 sh ows a t w o- por t pow er div ider div iding t he p ow er fr om one 802 .1 1b AP an d sen ding one- half of t h e pow er t o each ant enna. Tw o, t hr ee, and fou r por t divid er s ar e com mon ly av ailab le.

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De pl oy ing W ir i de - Aras e a Ne tw or- ks I n Figur e Li 5-cense 1 8, t-hFreeeAP ise le opsserWat ing a low cost

repeat er . I t is locat ed on a m ount ain t o pr ovid e connect ion bet w een t w o com mu nit ies. I t r ep eat s bet w een one com m unit y t hat is locat ed t o t he east an d on e comm u nit y t hat is locat ed t o t he w est .

a Jack b ackb one By Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

An om nidir ect ional ant enna w ould be a poor choice for t his r epeat er becau se mu ch of t h e en er g y Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 w ould be r adiat ed ( and w ast ed ) in dir ect ion s ot her t h an east an d w est . To avoid int er fer en ce 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 fr om otI SBN: her dir ect ions and t o m ax im ize lin k dist ances t o t h e east and t he west , a cu st om ant enn a 35 2 syst emPages: is n eeded t hat focuses t he r ad iat ed energ y t ow ar d on ly t he east an d t he w est . The ant enn a sy st em in Figur e 5- 1 8 p r ovides t h e necessary bidir ect ional cov er age. The sp acing b et w een t h e t w o an t ennas is n ot cr it ical as long as t he t w o ant en na p at t ern s don 't int er act w it h each ot her . I f t he t w o ant enn as ar e m ount ed back t o back on t he sam e t ow er or m ast pr and at ed v ert ically at least feet (3 m et ers) , t he ant enn a sy st em sh ould p er f orm Best act separ ices f or plan ning andbydeploy m en10 t of br oad band WWANs. as ex pect ed. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

NO TE Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Keep in m in d t hat sp lit t in g p ow er bet w een t w o or m or e an t en nas r educes t he r an ge of Select m ost eff ect iv e equip and ant ennas a sy em s er f or r yed our ar ea each ant the en na. Also, using a singment le access point a st repeat uces t he t h rou ghp ut by 5 0 percent . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Diversity En joy t hAntenna e sat isf act ion Systems of p rov iding

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

act t h e bum siness inciples b yd successf WIipat SPs) The pPr r im arice y f ading echanpr ism aff ectused ing out oor m icr ul owwir av eeless link sI SPs is m(ult h fad ing. To m inim ize sy st em out ag es d ue t o fad ing, som e w ir eless eq uipm ent in cor p orat es a div er sit y Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, ant enn a- swit chin g f eat ur e. Diver sit y m ean s hav ing a signal available f r om a second ( div er sit y or or ou t door env ir onm en t alt ern at e) ant en na sy st em . I f t he sig nal f rom t he m ain ant enna syst em f ades or is degr ad ed , t he signalCh fr oose om t he y ant a ch syst emurcan select t hediver r ightsitnet w orenn k ar it ect e f orbey our w ired. eless net w or k SpaceCon divduct ersit yphy is sical t h e pr sit dy rt ech nique u sed in( RF) low sit - cost w ir eless LAN eq uipm ent . Th is sitim e ary sur vdiver ey s an ad iof r eq uency e sur v eys r eq uir es t hat t he m ain and t he d iver sit y an t ennas b e sep arat ed far en ough so t h at w h en t h e signal arr at t h e md ain en na f ades, r iv ing fr om ersit y an t enent na of d oes Licensef riv eeinbgr oadban w ir ant eless w ideareat he netsign w orkals ar ( WW ANs) pr ovt he id ediv fast deploym low not . To achieve t his un cor r elat ed f ading behav ior in an ou t door WAN deploy ment , a v ert ical cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s sep arat ion b et t herequ ant irin enngast hof 10 t of o 200 av selengt hs ices is r equir ed. Atby2.local 4 GHz, t h is is a or t hese benefit sw ween it h out e use pr odwuct or serv p rov ided t elep hone vcable er t ical separ at ion of 4 f eet t o 80 f eet ( 1. 2 m et er s t o 24 met er s) . The m or e t he separ at ion, t he com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to bet t er t h e r ed uct ion in m ult ipat h f ading. Figur e 51 9 sh ows a div ersit y an t en na sy st em . deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Figu r e 5 -ion 1 9s .deploy D iv er y door An twir eneless n a Sy st em w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat in gsit out WANsincluding cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Man y En 802 point a div sit y feat e.etThese access t s w er joy.1t1b h e access sat isf act ion sofinclu p rovde iding w er ir eless I n t ur ern access t o youpoin r comm uneitor y iginally designed for in door use, alt hou gh m any or gan izat ion s and ser v ice pr ovider s now deploy t h em in out d oor WANs. e act ivat in g t he used div ersit f eat u r e ul onwir you r access , you shou ld do t he Pr act ice t h Befor e bu siness pr inciples b yy successf eless I SPs point ( WI SPs) follow ing : Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t St ud y y our docum ent at ion car ef ully so t h at y ou und er st and how you r par t icular equip ment im sit ywsw Ch plem oose ent t hes rdiver ight net or it k ching ar ch it. ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Av oid t h ephy t emp t atsit ione sur t o uvse ypfes ant enna s voreys t o point t he t w o ant enn a Con duct sical ey sd iff anerdent r adtior eqofuency ( RF)syst sit eem sur syst em s in diff er ent dir ect ions. Th e div er sit y feat u re is n ot d esign ed t o fun ct ion p rop er ly t hisf rw Licenseeeayb.r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings P t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost and ar eas TI w here pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides youwnorld eed " tst o ar cov w ish o dif fer en t d irinst ectallat ionsion w it, hoper oneataccess t , por uset tin wfor o m at ion f or com plet e, Irfealt - ter o- ftin " d esign, ion, anpdoin sup ant enn as—a t w opor t pow er div ider and t he pr imar y an t en na p or t on y our w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including covAP. er age of Disable e div sitand y feat e.iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b,t h802 .1 er 1g, prur opr

Det erm ine t he b est sp acing t o use f or deploy in g t he div ersit y an t en na. A r ur al or sub ur ban point - t o- point link benef it s fr om v ert ical separ at ion bet w een t he m ain and t he diver sit y ant enn a. A p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t an t en na sy st em in an u rb an ar ea b en ef it s fr om hor izon t al sep arat ion t o discr im inat e ag ain st m ult ipoint r eflect ion s fr om b uildings. • •

Plan t o m oun t t h e AP as close as possible t o t he an t en nas an d m idw ay b et w een t hem. This Table of Content s r ed uces t he cost of an t en na cab lin g. I ndex

De pl oyIing ee W ir e lediv ss er W isit de y - Arand e a Ne tw or kse f inLidcense oubt-,Frdisable use on

ant enn a.

By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Isolating Antenna Systems The scar cest an d most valuab le r esour ce t hat is needed b y indiv iduals an d gr oups wh o w ant t o deploy licen se- f ree b road band w ir eless WANs is license- fr ee spect r u m—f r eq uencies t hat can legally be used w it hout sp en ding hu ndr eds of t h ousands of dollars t o bu y a licen se. •

Table of Content s

•The q uant it y I of ndex available licen se- f ree f r eq uencies is n ot incr easing , bu t t h e nu mb er of people De pl oy W irferle ssuencies W i de - Ar eisa incr Ne tweasin or ks g. The result is t hat t he sam e spect r u m space w ill w ho wing antLitcense o use- Frt ee h ese eq be u sed r ep eat ed ly . Th e k now led ge and t h e abilit y t o r e- use f requ en cies an d t o av oid By Jack Unger int er fer en ce det er m ines w ho is su ccessf ul in t he license- f r ee wir eless bu sin ess an d w h o is not . Any in t er est ed ind iv idu al can p ut an out door wir eless sy st em on t h e air; how ever , pr ov iding Pub lish er: Cisco Press r eliable ser vice w it h it is not a plug- an d- play op er at ion. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 58 705 -0 69 This sect ion1-sug gest s -2 t echn iques t h at allow y ou t o r e- use t he license- fr ee fr equencies successfully Pages: 35 b2y isolat ing an t en na sy st em s f r om each ot h er .

Benefiting from Antenna System Isolation Best pr act plan ning m enot t her of brcroad WWANs. Mov ing antices ennfaorsyst em s awand ay fdeploy rom each eatband es isolat ion b et ween t he sy st em s. As t h e ant enn as m ove far t her ap art , t he signal lev el t hat each an t en na r eceiv es fr om t h e ot her an t en na is r ed uced. Ar m ed w it h t his k now ledge, y ou can u se p hy sical an t en na separ at ion t o p r ovide Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er isolat ion bet w een d if fer ent p ar t s of y our net w or k , and y ou can also isolat e you r net w or k fr om ot her Under n et w or s. Ant a syst emt hisolat p rov t h at e follow m ajor b en s: s stkand t heenn p rinciples at union der lie t hides e oper ion of ing all wir eless syef stitem Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Noise redu ct ion f rom ot her net w or k s Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Noise redu ct ion f rom you r ow n AP t r ansm it t ers net w ork Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he effrom fect s of noiseNetworks and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Noise Reduction Other En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Ant enn a separ at ion b et ween you r ant enn a( s) and t h e ant ennas of ot her, near by net w or ks allow s y ou t o oper at e on t he sam e f requ en cies t h at t h e ot her n et w or k s ar e using. For ex am ple, using Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) dir ect - sequ en ce spr ead sp ect r um ( DSSS) in t he 2. 4 GHz b and, t here are on ly t hr ee nonov er lapp ch1annels; e chann els , 6,ipm and I f ey ou ar e using in t hese equencies a Usein8g02. 1a, 80 2.t hese 11 b, ar and 8 02. 11 g1 equ en 11. t m or successfully y ourfrow n hom e, and off ice, neighb or in g net w ork is also usin g one or m or e of t hem , t h e net w ork s in t er f er e w it h each ot her . or ou t door env ir onm en t The n et wor k s can in t erf ere w it h each ot h er ev en if t h ey are 5 t o 10 m iles ( 8 t o 16 k m) apar t . Wit hou eff ectt iv na wisolat ion, ackuretes ffor rom each w ornet k collide Cht oose hee rant ightennet or k ar ch itpect y our w irnet eless w or k an d t he t h rou ghp ut of bot h n et w or k s suff er. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys I n addit ion t o p ack et collision s bet w een y our net w or k and ot h er license- f r ee n et wor k s, y ou can also exp fer ience slow net wiroreless k perfwor m ance sed ansm ers. deploym All w ir eless eceiver Licenser ee b r oadban dw idearea cau net w orkby s (licensed WW ANs)t rpr ov iditet fast ent rof low - s ar e suscept ibeed le t o" last b eing ed by near byLicensesignals.frLicensed t rant echnolog sm it t er s yt hat arer es cost , high - sp - m ov ile"erload w ir eless I ntsterr ong net ,access. ee w ir eless deliv locat on t he sam e sitrequ e as irin y our licensef r ee equ ipm en serv t m igh t bperov legided ally by t ran sm itttelep ing w it h fair t heseedbenefit s w it h out g th e use of pr od uct s or ices local hone or ly high owerpanies. lev els.WWANs Ev en t houg h t hey arnet e not ran smit t in g on e sam e ex actorat f requ cies t h at sy ou cablepcom enable I nt er sertvice pr ov ider s ( tI hSPs) and corp e Ien Tm anager to ar e using, ight - ov er load byou r r eceiver our in com pack et s t o b feorlost The deploy t h eirt hey ownmcost efficient r oadban d n et and w or kcause s t hat ydeliver h ig ing h- speed access bu.ild ings rand esult t he sam et rad as in t er f erwence om ect ot her en cy t ran it t erailable s—youor r net w or kar is eas w here it ional ir ed frconn iv it ysameis eitfhrequ er com plet elysm unav is cost tpr hrohib ou ghpu d ecr eases. Ant enn Fr a isolat is t Wideh e easiest lowwest et fhod o mint hat im ize it iv e.t Deploy ing Licenseee Wirion eless Area, Net or-kcost s is m t he ir st tbook pr n ovoise ides and int ere,fer en cew orld pr oblems d esign, deploy and ion oper at e at y our ir eless com plet r eal" st ar t -as t o-you f in ish " d esign, inst,allat , oper ion,wan d supWAN. por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Noise Reduction from Your Network When y ou d ep loy m ore t han one sect or at t h e same phy sical locat ion, noise cau sed by y our t r ansm it t er s in y our ot h er sect or s can cause r eceiv er desensit izat ion, cov erag e ar ea redu ct ion , and decr eased t hr ough put . This is t r ue w h et h er you ar e using dir ect - sequ en ce sp read spect r um or f requ en cy- h opping spr ead sp ect r um equ ipm en t . dir ect s- sequence spr ead sp ect r um ( DSSS) equ ip m en t , y ou m igh t r each t h e •I f you ar e deploy Tableing of Content ou n eed t o u se mor e t h an t hr ee fr equencies at t h e same phy sical locat ion. I f y ou •point w her e yI ndex deploy a Li second wee ir eless , you De pl oy ing cense - Fr W ir e leaccess ss W i de -point Ar e a Ne tw orw ksill m ost likely need t o r e- use one or mor e of t h e t hr ee non - over lappin g f r eq uencies ( chan nels 1, 6 , and 11 ) . I n eit h er of t hese sit u at ion s, using By Jack Unger ant enn a isolat ion t echn iq ues, you w ill be able t o su ccessf ully re- u se f r eq uencies. Pub lish Cisco Press I f you ar eer:deploy ing m ore t han one sect or of FHSS eq uipm ent , y ou w ill be f ollow in g t h e Pub act Dat ur e: er' February 26, 200 3 dat ions t o ut ilize t h e same hopp in g set but diff erent hop ping m anuf s r ecom m en seq uences I SBN: for 1- 58co705locat -0 69 -2ed sect ors. Th is pr act ice m inim izes but does not elim inat e t he t h rou ghp ut r ed uctPages: ion cau 35 2sed by collisions bet w een you r sect or s. The u se of ef fect ive an t enna isolat ion t echniqu es redu ces t h ese collisions fur t h er .

The f ollow in g sect ions help you d et er m in e how mu ch isolat ion y ou can ob t ain b y sep arat in g ant enn as bot h v ert ically or hor izont ally . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Vertical Separation Isolation Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Separ at ing ant enn as ver t ically on a mast or on a t ow er is f airly st r aight for w ard . I t r equir es st and t henas p rinciples h at as unm der h emoper ionbe of similar all wir eless sy stot em s ) one abov e m ountUnder in g t he ant en ( t h e anttenn ig lie ht tor ig ht at not t o each h er t he ot her. This m et hod r eq uir es n o ex t ra har dw ar e. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access I solat ion bet w een t h e t w o an t en na sy st em s is obt ained via t w o m ech anism s. Th e t ot al v ert ical Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea sep arat ion isolat ion is t he sum of t h ese t w o m echan ism s. Figur e 5- 2 0 d em on st r at es t h e m ech Av anism anm d on t h ep it list t hat follow er s ded escrib es t hem in mnet or ewdoretkail. oid s, com falls encount b y new w ir eless oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Fre e- sp ace pa t h loss ( FSP L) — You w ill r em em ber f rom t he d iscussion of f r ee- space pat h loss 2, "ion Undoferpstrov and in g W ir eless dam t als, " ttohat sp ace En joyint Ch h e apt sater isf act iding w ir eless Fun I n t ern et en access youfrreecomm unpitat y h loss is t he pr ice t hat m ust b e paid t o enj oy t he mag ic of w ir eless com m unicat ions. Of all t he w ir eless energ y t hat es a tpr ran sm it t ing an tbeny na, on ly ul a t wir iny eless percent age( WI evSPs) er ar riv es at t he Pr act ice t h e leav bu siness inciples used successf I SPs r eceivin g an t en na. Most of t he ener gy is sim ply lost in space. Now ( w hen you need som e ant a isolat ion) is b, t heand t im8e02. t hat loss y our gain. Af t er inleav ingow ann ant enn Useenn 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 11tgh is equ ipmcan en t be m or e successfully y our hom e,a, offaice, 2. signal peren ient ces ab out 49 dB of FSPL in t he f ir st 1 0 feet ( 3 m et er s) . I n ot her or 4ouGHz t door env irex onm w or ds, only ab out 1/ 10 0, 000 of t h e sig nal r emain s aft er it has t r av eled 10 feet . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b rTE oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low NO cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit Ex per s wien it h ced out requ w ireless irin geng t h eineer use sofdpr if fer oden uctt iat s or e bet serv wices een pan rov ant ided ennby a'slocal n eart elep fieldhone an d or cable com panies. an ant enn WWANs a's f ar enable field. I nI ntan er net ant enn ser vice a's n pr earovfield ider ,s t(he I SPs) signand al stcorp r en gt orat h vearies I T min anager a s to deploy t h eir m or own e com cost p -lex efficient f ash ion, b r oadban an d ot hdern et nearb w or kys obj t hat ectdeliver s can aff h ig ect h- speed t he sign access al st r en f orgtbu h. ild ings and ar eas Bot w here h ant rad antitenna' ionals wpu ir ed blished conn specificat ect iv it y isions eit h er andcom t r ue plet FSPL ely unav calcuailable lat ion sor app is ly cost only pr ohib it iv e. inDeploy t he aning t enLicensena' s far Fr f ield ee .Wir Foreless t he pWideur pose Area of tNet hiswbor ook, k s is how t heever f ir st , tbook he discu t hatssion pr ovof ides com plet e, ant r ealenn w orld a isolat " st ar iont - tiso-st f in illish a "usef d esign, ul oneinst and allat close ion , en oper ough at ion, t o realit an d ysup t h por at itt in is for a m at ion f or w ireless I SPs pr act and icalotdesig her or n ganizat an d plannin ion s g deploy t ool. in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

P at t e rn i sol at ion loss— I f b ot h ant ennas hav e clean rad iat ion p at t ern s w it hout signif icant m inor lobes ex t en ding up w ard or d ow nw ard an d a fair ly nar r ow v ert ical b eam w idt h , a signif icant am ount of add it ion al isolat ion is p ossible b et w een t h e pat t er ns of t he ant enn as.

Figu r e 5 - 2 0 . Ve r t i ca l Sep ar a t i on I sola t ion •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Table 5 - 1 sh ows t he ap pr oxim at e t ot al ver t ical sep arat ion isolat ion v alues t hat can be obt ain ed actFSPL ice t hisolat e bu siness pr pat inciples used ion b y successf wirbeless w hen Pr t he ion and t er n isolat loss ar e ul com in ed . I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose tTab he r ight k ar it ectSep ur e f ar or a y our w irI eless net w orVa k lu es le 5net -1w. orVe r tch i cal t ion sol at ion

( dB)

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

• •

V e rt i ca l Se pa ra t ion in Fee t ( M et e rs)

Tot a l Ant e nna - t o- Ant e nn a I sol a t ion ( in dB @ 2 . 4 GHz )

1 ( 0. 3)

43

2 ( 0. 6)

55

3 ( 0. 9)

62

4 ( 1. 2)

Table of Content s I ndex

67

De oy 8) ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw 5 pl( 1. 74or ks By Jack Unger

10 ( 3 .0 )

83

15 Pub ( 4 lish .6 )er:

Cisco Press

90

Dat 20 Pub ( 6 .1 ) e:

February 26, 200 3

95

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

50 ( 1Pages: 5. 2) 10 0 ( 30. 5)

35 2

11 2 12 4

Horizontal Best pr act ices fSeparation or plan ning andIsolation deploy m en t of br oad band

WWANs.

Ob t aining hor izont al separ at ion isolat ion for ant ennas mou nt ed on t he r oof of a b uilding is Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er st r aig ht f orw ar d, as Figur e 5- 2 1 sh ows. One ext ra supp ort m ast is r eq uir ed com par ed t o m ount in g bot h ant enn as on t he sam e m ast . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Figu r eiv5e-equip 2 1 . ment H or i and z onant t a enn l Sea pa r at on Select t he m ost eff ect sy st emison f or Iysola our art iea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access I n Figur e 5- 2 1, t h e r ooft op ant enn as ar e m ount ed back t o back. The m ax imu m isolat ion possible ost eff ect iv equip ment andfr on antt enn sy strem s f or ourh ar fr om Select hor izont the al m separ at ion iset he sum of t he - t o- aback at ios of ybot anea t en nas p lu s t he fr eespace pat h loss show n in Table 5 - 2. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y NO TE Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) What is t h e fr ont - t o- back ( F/ B) r at io, y ou ask ? This is a g ood place t o d ef ine it . F/ B r at io is an ot her pow er r at io in dB—j ust lik e t he pow er rat ios usin g dB t h at y ou looked Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, at ear lier in t h is book . The F/ B rat io is t he rat io bet w een t he en er gy in t h e main ( f ron t ) or ou t door env ir onm en t lobe of an ant en na d iv ided by t h e energ y in t he back lobe of t he ant en na. Good ant enn ast he focus and adiat ofurt heeir t henet f rw ont Ch oose r ight netr w or k earmchost it ect f orener y ourgywfirrom eless or kof t he ant enn a an d v er y lit t le of t heir ener gy t ow ar d t he back . The higher t h e F/ B r at io ( f or ex amp le, + 2 0 d B or +Con 30 duct dB) , phy t he sical b et t er enn a an e fless in t er f er encesittehat be ex perienced t o sit tehe surant v ey s an d rdadt hior eq uency ( RF) surwvill eys and f rom sig nals in back of t he an t en na. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas wTab here le t rad 5 it-2 ional . Hor w iried zon conn t aect l Se iv itpar y is aeitt ihon er com I sola plet tely i onunav V al ailable ue s or ( dB is cost ) pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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H ori zon t al S ep ar at i on i n Fe e t ( M et e rs)

FSP L I sola t i on ( i n dB @ 2 . 4 GH z )

1 ( 0. 3)

29

2 ( 0. 6)

35

3 ( 0. 9)

39

4 ( 1. 2)

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

10 ( 3 .0 )

49

20 ( 4 .6 )

55

By Jack Unger

30 Pub ( 6 lish .1 )er:

Cisco Press

59

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

50 ( 1 5. 2) I SBN:

63

1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

10 0 (Pages: 30. 5) 35 2

69

Cross-Polarization Isolation Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Ear lier in t h is chapt er , Figur es 5- 8 an d 5- 1 0 p r ovided exam ples of using XPD isolat ion. XPD isolat ion is m ent ioned again here in t h e cont ext of t he ot her ant enn a- isolat ion t ech niqu es. Keep Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er XPD isolat ion in m ind an d u se it fr equ en t ly as y ou d esign and deploy y our out door w ir eless WANs. I t can add up t o –20 dB of ad dit ional isolat ion. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Obstruction Isolation

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

To m ax and m ain ain t he per forermed ance of y our n et w or k ,witorisk som Avim oidize com m on p itt falls encount b y new w ir eless net operetatimes ors n ecessar y t o use obst r uct ion isolat ion. Buildings and ot her lar ge ob ject s redu ce t he st r engt h of m icr ow av e sig nals t hr ou Minim gh absorp ion, if frsact anand d refint lect ize t the ef d fect ofion, noise erion. fer en ce on y our net w ork WhenEn y ou add ionion al isolat ioniding bet wween an t en em s, p osit ion r t he an tun ennas joynteed h e sat isfitact of p rov ir eless I nna t ernsyetst access t o you comm it y in such a w ay as t o place a b uilding ( or p art of a b uilding ) bet w een t h e ant enn as, as show n in Figur e 522 . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Figu r e 5 - 2 2 . O bst r u ct i on I sola t ion Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea The con st r uct ion of each bu ild ing is diff erent , so it is d ifficult t o est im at e t he am ou nt of isolat ion t hat aAvbuilding I f yencount ou est imerated e an erag of –8net dBwfor t erior wall and –4 dB for oid compr mov onides. p it falls b y av new w ireeless or keach operex at ors ever y int er ior w all, t he isolat ion p rov ided by t h e buildin g in Figur e 5- 2 2 m igh t t ot al bet w een –3 0 Minim and –4 0 dB.ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Sector Antenna Systems Ch apt er 3, " Choosing Your Net w or k Archit ect ur e, " described sect or s as sim ilar t o p ieces of pie, bu t sect or s ar e n ev er exact ly w edge sh aped. I n pr act ice, sect or s can be shap ed lik e a cir cle, an ov al, a f an blade, or w hat ev er shape y ou need t o cover a sp ecific area. Figur e 5- 2 3 sh ows •exam ples of Table of p Content s access oin t locat ions w it h sect or an t enna sy st ems con sist ing of one, t w o, t hr ee, •and six sect or I ndex s. Your an t enna sy st em for each sect or n eeds t o be select ed and aligned t o De pl oy ing - Frer ee age W ir ew leit sshin W i de - Ar esect a Neor tw or m axim izeLitcense h e cov t hat anks d minim ize t h e noise and int er fer en ce f r om all ot h er sect or Unger s an d ar eas. By Jack Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Figu r e 5 - 2 3 . Sect or Cove r age Ex am p le s

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar yeas When ou w choose here t rad t o bu it ional ild a w sect ir ed or conn ized access ect iv it ypoint is eit,hyou er com g ain plet t hely e follow unaving ailable adv ant or is agcost es: pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or ScaIla bil and it y—otYou incr ease e cap acit of door you r wir systeless em . WANsYou canincluding st ar t smcov all, er per haps w ireless SPs her can or ganizat ion st hdeploy in gyout age of w it h just a single sect or ser v ing a f ew user s. As t h e nu mb er of user s g row s, y ou can d s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book ad cover

m or e sect or s. By conv er t ing om nidir ect ion al cover age t o t hr ee- sect or cover age, y ou can t r iple t he cap acit y of y our hub sit e.

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Re li ab il it y — You can select t h e gain and t he p at t ern of each sect or ant enn a t o pr ovid e t he high est sig nal lev el for end user s in t h at sect or. You can also choose t he polarizat ion and adj ust t he dow n t ilt of each sect or ant enna t o r edu ce in t er f er ence fr om ot her net w or ks. By designing a good sect or an t en na sy st em and inst allin g t he sect or ant ennas cor r ect ly , y ou r ed uce t he noise lev el and im pr ove t he r eliab ilit y of y our ser vice w it hin each sect or . Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Selecting Sector Antennas By Jack Unger

Sect or izat ion alw ays y ields div idends com par ed t o a non- sect orized ant enn a syst em . For t he Pub lish er: Cisco Press best p er f orm ance f r om y our sect or ized sy st em , consider t h e sugg est ions in t h e sect ions t h at Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 follow as you d esign y our sy st em an d select you r ant enn as. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Low-Noise Access Point Location Alt hou gh a sect or ized sy st em hand les n oise an d in t erf er ence f ar bet t er t han a non- sect orized syst em , it is st ill im por t ant t o select a low - n oise access p oin t locat ion. Even t he best sect or Best pr aact ices f or plan ning mact en tory of ser br oad band ant enn d esign m ight not prand oviddeploy e sat isf vice if it WWANs. is inst alled in a high- n oise locat ion. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

TI P

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access For help in choosing a low - n oise locat ion, r eview t h e w ireless sit e sur v ey infor m at ion in Ch apt ert he 4, m " Per ingiv Sit e Surment v ey s."and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select ostfor effmect e equip Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Sector Orientation En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Coor din at e t he or ient at ion of y our sect or s t o pr ov id e eff ect iv e, scaleable cover age of y our ser vice ar ea. Pr For m anyprofinciples y our end users are con cent r ateless ed inI SPs a dow nt SPs) own ar ea, plan t o use actex iceam t hple, e buifsiness used b y successf ul wir ( WI m or e t han one sect or t o cov er t hat ar ea. For ex am ple, if you decide t o use a t ot al of t hr ee sect orUse s t o8cover t h e80 dow nt b, owand n ar 8ea, hen eachipm sect cov er 1/ 3 of alnarhom ea. e, I f off t heice, 02. 1 1a, 2. 11 02.t 11 g equ enor t mshou or e ld successfully in yt he ourt ot ow t ot al dow n ar eairex t end or ountt ow door env onm enst 180 d eg rees w hen view ed f rom you r access point locat ion, each sect or an t enna sh ould hav e a h orizon t al beam w idt h of 45 t o 60 degr ees. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Sector Radius License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low The iu s- sp ofeed each" last sect orile" plays a dir ect ole choosing t h e prfroper enn at echnolog f or t hat sect or . er As cost ,r ad high -m w ir eless I nt rer netinaccess. Licenseee want ir eless y deliv sect or benefit w it h a ssm r adiu s requ low-ofgain ant ennices a. Apsect or w it h local a lar ge r adius t hese w itall h out requ irin gires t h ea use pr odsect uctor s or serv rov ided by t elep honeneed or s a h igh-com g ain an t en na. Use tenable he f or mu or link bu dget Ch sapt 2 t and o detcorp er min ee how m anager u ch gain cable panies. WWANs I ntlaerfnet ser vice pr ovinider ( I er SPs) orat IT m s to ydeploy ou n eed t o cov y our sect or . bRem em ber fad edeliver m ar ginh ig ofh-atspeed least access 10 dB. f or bu ild ings t h eir ownercost - efficient r oadban d nt oet allow w or k sat hat and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Polarization w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 11a,t he 802 .1 1b, 802 1g, andofpryou oprriet aryor - pran ottocol n etEach w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s Ch 2. oose polar izat ion.1of each sect ennas. sect or sh ould -be cr oss p olarized

w hen com p ared t o t h e polar izat ion of t he st r ongest sour ce of noise and int er fer en ce w it h in t hat sect or . I t is okay t o use d if fer ent p olarizat ion s in d iff er ent sect or s.

Horizontal Beamwidth Ch oose t he hor izont al beam wid t h of each sect or t o be f r om 75 t o 100 per cent of t he wid t h ( in •degr ees) of t Table of Content s is no ab solu t ely cor r ect for m ula; h ow ev er, one r ule of t h um b is t o he sect or. There •choose a sectI ndex or ant enn a w it h a h orizon t al beam w id t h eq ual t o 75 per cen t of t h e sect or w idt h ; for De pl oyple, ing Liacense W irheorizon le ss W itde e a Newtw orhksant enn a is of t en chosen f or a 60- d eg ree sect or. exam 45- d- Fr egeer ee al- Ar beam idt By Jack Unger

Rem em b er f r om Ch apt er 2 t hat hor izon t al b eam w idt h descr ibes t h e w idt h of an ant enna' s m ain lobe at t he half- p ower p oint s. This m eans t h at an ant en na w it h a 60- d eg ree hor izont al Pub lish er: Cisco Press beam w idt h st ill rad iat es a subst an t ial am ount of pow er bey ond a 6 0- degr ee angle. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

TI P I f you p refer t o hav e a su bst ant ial ov er lap bet w een sect ors t o pr ov ide a lit t le r ed und ant area cov erag e w hen fr eq uency r e- use is not an issue, choose a h or izon t al Best beam pr act ices and deploy m hen. t of br oad band WWANs. w idt fhoreqplan ual ning t o t he sect or w idt Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Vertical Beamwidth Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ch oose t he v er t ical b eam w idt h of each sect or ant enna based on t h e r adius of t h e sect or . A sect or t hat has a lar germrost adius n eeds a w ider v er and t ical ant beam o cov er yt he or. A sect or t hat has a Select t he eff ect iv e equip ment ennwaidt syhsttem s f or oursect ar ea sm aller r adius need s a sm aller v ert ical b eam w idt h . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Downtilt En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Ch oose sect or ant enn as t hat can b e m echan ically d own t ilt ed t o allow you t o cen t er t he m ain lob e of t hePrant t hesiness m iddle of t h e cover ea of each or. I Mor dow nt ilt is need ed in actenna ice t hin e bu pr inciples usedage b y ar successf ul wirsect eless SPs e( WI SPs) sect or s t h at h ave m or e elev at ion diff erent ial bet w een t he end user s and t he sect or ant enn a. For exam Use ple, 8in02. a 15 1a, - m ile ad11 iub, s sect an11 ant t h at t ed 5 00 feetinh ig her ow t han t h e e, off ice, 80r2. andor8,02. g enn equ aipm en tismmoroun e successfully y our n hom elev ator ionouof t he end users mu st be dow nt ilt ed mor e t h an a sect or an t enna t hat is m ount ed only t door env ir onm en t 15 0 f eet high er t han t he end u ser s. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys F/B Ratio License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Select a sect an"tlast enna it h wt hireeless high Iest le F/ B Licenser at io consist w it h tthe cost ofyt hdeliv e er s cost , high - spor eed - mwile" nt erpossib net access. fr ee ent w ir eless echnolog ant enn a. Higher F/ B rat ios r esult in m or e int erf erence r eject ion of f t he b ack of t he ant en na. or Mor e t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone int er fer en ce reject ion allow s a high er sign alt onoise r at io and b et t er p er f orm an ce in t he for w cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager sart od dir ect ion deploy t h.eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Size, Weight, and com plet e, r eal- w orldAppearance " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a,a 802 .1 1g, ary pr ot ocol w or kbe s. safely This v endor - neut r almbook cover Ch oose sect.1 or1b, an t802 enna t hatand haspr a opr sizeietan d -weigh t t h natetcan and secu rely oun t ed in s

or on t he available m oun t ing ar ea or t ow er. Ch oose an an t en na t hat has an app ear ance t h at is accep t able t o t he m anag em ent of t he sit e w her e t he an t enna is t o b e locat ed.

• •

TI P

Table of Content s I ndex

De pl oy Li cense ir etlean ss W i deen - Arna e a tNe or ks I fing you n eed- Frt oeepWain ant o tw m ake By Jackpaint Ungerw it hou t

it blend in w it h a buildin g, b e su re t o select m et allic con t en t . Met al in t he paint redu ces t h e per for m ance of t he

ant enn a. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Quality and Cost Pages: 35 2

Sect or ant ennas ran ge in cost fr om $ 50 t o m or e t h an $ 500 . Ch oose a sect or an t enna t hat balances qu alit y and cost . A m or e ex pensiv e, higher - qu alit y ant enna w ill hav e t he f ollow in g feat u res: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Higher - qu alit y mat er ials for a longer lif e Lear n in sidr adiat er t ips wir eless r yselead er er ence A cleaner ionf rom pat t an er nex wperienced it h f ew er side lobesind t oust cau in t erf Under st andant t heper p rinciples t hchar at unact der h e acr oper at ion all wir eless sygain st em and s Mor e const for m ance erlie isttics oss t he of b and, inclu ding st and in g w av e rat io ( SWR) Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access A m ou nt ing syst em t h at is easier t o inst all and ad just Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Few er int er nal par t s t o minim ize t h e ch ances of failur e Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Other Antenna System Components An ant enn a syst em h as sev er al ot her par t s, such as t hese:

• •

Fee d syTable st em of— Content The fseed sy st em carr ies pow er t o and fr om t h e ant enn a. The f eed syst em is coaxial Icab ndexle ( coax ) or, in r ar e inst ances, w avegu id e.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Coax ia l conne ct or s— Conn ect or s t r ansfer p ow er b et ween diff er ent sect ions of t h e feed syst em .

By Jack Unger

PubMou lish er:ntCisco i ng Press ha rdw a re —

Mount in g har dw ar e con nect s t he an t enna t o t h e ant enn a supp or t s. m ust hold t he an t en na f ir mly in place, including any upt ilt or dow n t ilt . Moun t ing I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 har dw ar e also secur es feedlines t o mast s, t ow er s, and buildin gs.

Pub The Dat e: m February ou nt ing26, har 200 dw 3 ar e

Pages: 35 2

Cove ri ng— Ant enna cover in gs ar e called r adom es. The sect ions t h at f ollow cov er t he ant enna syst em com ponent s in gr eat er det ail.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Feed Systems 99 per cen t of t h e t im e, an an t en na feed sy st em consist s of coaxial cab le plus conn ect or s, ju m pers, an d ligh t ning ar r est er s. 1 p er cent of t he t im e, a f eed syst em consist s of w avegu id e. Wav eg uide is h eav y , exp en siv e, and low loss com par ed t o coax . A fu ll descr ipt ion of w avegu ide •is bey ond t heTable of Content scope of t h iss book ; h ow ev er, in b rief, w avegu id e is like r un ning a rect angu lar, •circular , or ellipt I ndexical m et al pipe up a t ow er t o con nect t he rad io and t h e ant enn a. Wir eless De pl oy y ing cense - Frin eesid W ir ss w Wav i deeguide - Ar e a Neunt tw or energ isLicarr ied eetlehe il ks t he energ y r eaches t h e ant enn a. By Jack Unger

Con sider t he follow ing coax char act er ist ics w h en select ing t he p rop er coax for y our ant enna feed syst em : Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Im I SBN: pedance 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Loss Size Ty pe Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Pow er- h andling capab ilit y Lear n in sid erent cy ipslim f rom Upper f requ it an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st tand p rinciples t h at char un der h eicoper of all wir eless sy st em The sect ions h at tfhe ollow cov er each actlie er tist and at prion ov ide r ecom m endat ion s sfor select ing coax t r ansm ission lin e t hat is su it able f or you r pu rp oses. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Impedance

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Most rad ios are design ed w it h an ant enna im pedance of 50 ohm s ( 50 ) . Th e coax for t hese Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork ant enn a sy st em s needs t o hav e a ch aract er ist ic im pedan ce of 50 . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use TE 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, NO or ou t door env ir onm en t I t is b ecom ing incr easingly p opular t o int egr at e a r adio d ir ect ly int o an an t en na an d w or tkh ar ch itdect f or yant ourenn w iraeless net wion or k dow n t o t he ind oor rCh unoose Et h ert he netr ight cab lenet fr om e out oorurreadio/ com binat net w or k equipm ent . This config ur at ion av oids t he coax ial cab le losses t hat w ould Con sical sitese e sur ey satan r ad iouency ( RF) sit edoor sur vCat eyseg ory 5 ( Cat 5 ) ot herduct w isephy occur . Th intvegr edd syst emf rseq use shield ed out Et h er n et cable and no coax ial cable. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Loss deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib e. Deploy Fr ee Wir eless Areaf eet Net at w oreach k s isf rteq heuency. f ir st book hat ov ides Coax ialit iv cable is r ating ed Licensein d ecibels ( dB) of lossWidep er 100 For tex amprple, good com plet w orld " stchar(t1- t o" det esign, inst(allat , oper at ion,lyan d sup por t has in for at ion qu alit y , e, lowr eal- loss 0. 4- in cmf in ) ish diam er cable t he ion most fr equent u sed size) am loss of f or w ireless and1 00 ot her ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of abou t – 7I SPs d B per feetorat 2. 4 GHz. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The su m of t he coax cable losses at each end of a w ir eless link p lay s a r ole in det er m in ing t he dist ance ov er w hich t h e link oper at es. See t he link b udg et discu ssion in Ch apt er 2 f or t h e lin k bu dget dist ance com p ut at ion and t he max im um loss t hat t he coax can cont r ibut e. The m ost im p ort an t consider at ion in select ing t he p r oper coax for a par t icular inst allat ion is t o av oid ex cessiv e loss at t he sam e t im e you av oid ex cessive cost . •

Size •

Table of Content s I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Coax av ailable in a w ide r an ge of diam et er s f r om abou t 1/ 16 of an in ch ( 1 .5 8 m m ) up t o ov er By Jack is Unger 1 inch ( 2. 54 cm) . The lar ger t he diam et er , t h e lower t h e loss. Also, t h e larg er t he coax d iam et er, t he heavier and m or e exp en siv e t he cost of t he coax . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

TypePages: 35 2

I n addit ion t o st an dar d coax ial cable, t he f ollowin g ad dit ional cab le t yp es are av ailable: P le num — Plenu m cable is m anu fact ur ed u sin g m at er ial t hat m eet s b uilding code st and ar ds Best pr ices fplaced or planint ning andizont deploy m en t of brs.oad band foract being o hor al air plen um Plen um -WWANs. r at ed cable m at er ials do n ot g iv e of f t ox ic fu mes an d can be saf ely p laced int o air vent ilat ion plenum s t h at car r y br eat hable air . Lear in sid er tcable ips f rom perienced wir eless ry m lead Ri senr— Riser is man an ex ufact u red using m at erind ial ust t h at eeter s buildin g code st an dar ds f or being placed int o v er t ical r iser sy st em s t h at r un b et w een f loor s of a bu ild ing. Riser - r at ed Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s cable m at erials b ur n slow ly and inh ib it t h e sp r ead of fir e v ert ically fr om f loor t o floor in a bu ildninhow g. t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Lear D ir ect t bur iaost l— eff Direct ial cable m anu u sin ial ar t hat Select he m ect ivbeurequip mentisand antfact ennura ed sy st emgs m f orat yerour ea r esist s t he sp read of m oist u r e t hr oug h t h e cable. When w at er in t r udes int o st andar d cable, it t y pically spr ead s along he cab le.p W hen encount t h is occuerrs, losses rise signif icant ly , an d t he only w ay t o Av oid tcom m on it falls edcable b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors corr ect t h e pr oblem is t o replace t h e en t ire cab le. I n cont r ast , dir ect bu rial cab le resist s t he int r usion spr ead of noise m oistand ur e and be ly b ur w it hou t ex periencing m oist u re Minim ize tand he ef fect s of int ercan fer en cedir onect y our netied w ork pr oblem s. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Fle xi bl e— Flexib le cab le is sig nificant ly m or e flex ib le t han st and ard cable. Use f lex ible Pr cable act ice w her t h ee bu cable siness needs pr inciples t o mak used e sharbpy bend successf s orulw wir hereless e cable I SPs needs ( WI SPs) t o flex, mov e, or r ot at e. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Power-Handling Ch oose t he r ight Capability net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Concable duct has phy sical e sur ey sount an d of r adpow io- fer r eqt hat uency ( RF)hand sit elesur v eyse f ailin g. For t unat ely , all Coax ial lim it ssiton t h ev am it can befor com mon ly used cable t y pes h andle m any t im es m or e pow er t han t h e m axim um legal 1- w at t ( W) Licenseeeout b r oadban eless idearea w ork s em ( WW t r ansm itftrer pu t p owderw ir allow edwin licen se-net f ree sy st s. ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Upper Limitb r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t hFrequency eir own cost - efficient and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Alt hou it gh, inDeploy genering al, lar ger- d iamet er coax it h low er loss er tthe h an aller diam et er coax , pr ohib iv e. LicenseFr ee Wir eless wWideArea Net wisorbet k s t is f irsm st book t hat pr ov ides tcom her eplet is e, a max um cut it w hen he coax larg e t hat t he coax r eal-im w orld " stof arft -frt equency o- f in ish " lim d esign, instt allat ion , size operbecom at ion, es an dsosup por in for m at ion f or begins b eh ave w av uide. ion I f you deploy - GHz eq wir uipm ent ,WANsd iscuss t h is sizecov limeritage at ionof w irelesst oI SPs and lik oteher oreg ganizat s deploy in g5out door eless including w h 11a, t he m802 anu.1fact er or d istand r ibutpr oropr of iet you r w ir ot eless uipm I n gener al, -at 5 GHz, use cover coax s 80it2. 1b,ur802 .1 1g, ary - pr ocoleq n et w orent k s.. This v endor neut r al book

w it h a m ax im u m diam et er of 0 . 9 in ch ( 2. 3 cm ) . Lar ger d iam et er coax is not r ecom m en ded.

Feed System Connector Locations and Types Coax ial connect or s per for m m any fun ct ion s in w ir eless syst em s. Alt houg h m an y diff erent connect or t y pes ar e av ailab le, in pr act ice, only a f ew dif ferent t y pes ar e used. Th e m ost •com mon ly used Tableconn of Content ect or sis t h e N conn ect or . •

I ndex

De pl oy ing ee W ir e leion ss Wof i dea- Ar e a Ne twor or,ks When y ouLi cense k now- Fr t he locat connect y ou can of t en pr edict t h e t y pe of conn ect or t h at is used. Coaxial conn ect or s ar e u sed in t h e follow ing locat ion s: By Jack Unger

PubW lish Cisco ePress irer: el ess qui pm e nt

i npu t s a nd out pu t s— This is t he area wit h t h e larg est var iet y of FCC r ules specif y t hat w ir eless eq uipm ent man ufact u rer s m ust u se I SBN: 1- or 58 705 -0 69 ar -2 e not generally av ailable. The r eason f or t his r u le is t o m ak e it d if ficult t o connect s t hat use the Pages: 35 eq 2 uipm ent w it h an t en na sy st em s ( and amp lif ier s) t hat do n ot m eet FCC cer t if icat ion r eq uir em ent s. Th e FCC is concer ned t hat equ ipm en t op er at or s w ill add am plifier s t hat t r ansm it at illegally high p ower lev els.

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 possible connect or s.3

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

NO TE Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Unfor t u nat ely, t he FCC concer n appear s t o be j ust ified. A sm all n um ber of licenseeeand nettwhe orpk rinciples oper at ortsh at do un appar entt h lyet oper r ansm atofpow hat exceed FCC Underfrst der lie at it ion all er wirlevels eless tsy st em s r eg ulat ions. Som et imes t h ese op er at or s hav e n ot t ak en t he t im e t o becom e iliar h tidhe ules. Ot her t im es,w tirhe v iolat kn ow t he ru les b ut ch oose Lear nfam how t o wpritov e FCC pr of itrab le and r eliable eless I ntors er net access t o ig nor e t hem in t he belief t hat t hey w ill not be cau ght . These operat or s ap pear not t omcar abou int erment fer en ce heira over at ion Select t he oste eff ecttivt eheequip andt hat anttenn sy st pow em ser f oroper y our ar eacan cause t o ot her w ir eless net w or ks. At pr ess t ime, it has b een r ep ort ed in t he U. S. t hat t he Av oidFCC comhas m on p itun falls edpow b y new w ir eless oper. at orsbr eak ers b eg t o encount enf or ce er t he er level r ules net m orweorwkidely Law bew ar e! Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joya itls— h e sat isfically act ion of ptrov iding ir eless t ern et connect access ting o you r les comm it y t o br id ge Pigt Typ , shor , sm all- dwiam et er "I npig t ail" cab ar eun u sed fr om eq uipm en t conn ect or s t o t he r est of t h e ant enn a syst em . These pigt ails h ave an Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) equipm ent - sp ecific conn ect or on on e en d an d a st and ard lar ger- diam et er conn ect or on t h e ot her end . The lar ger d iam et er connect or is t y pically an N connect or. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ju m p er s— Jum per s ar e generally shor t , lar ger - diam et er con nect in g cables. Jum p er s ar e usually u sed bet w een dif ferent per ipher al dev ices as w ell as b et w een lar ge- diam et er Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k ant enn a cable r un s and t he ant ennas t hemselves. Jum p er s g en er ally use N conn ect or s. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Per iph er al s— Per iph er al d ev ices, such as light n ing arr est er s, ar e placed b et ween t he w ireless uipm ent d t he wan t enarea na synet st em . Th ev icesprgov enidereally N conent nectof ors. Licensef r ee b eq r oadban d wan ir eless idew ork s (ese WWdANs) fastuse deploym low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s An t en na cab le r uns— Coax ial cab le r uns f r om w ireless p er iph er als u p t o ant enn a sy st em s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or gener ally use N conn ect or s, alt houg h som e equ ip m en t m anu fact ur ers occasionally use cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o ot her lar ge- diam et er con nect ors. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st arHardware Antenna-Mounting t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 11a, .1 1g, and pr opr ieten ary - prar oteocol n et w ort ko s. endor book s Alt2. hou gh t802 her.1 e 1b, are 802 ex cep t ions, m ost ant nas designed m This oun t var oun d- neut a v err al t ical pipcover e,

m ast , or t ow er leg u sin g a U- bolt , as show n in Figur e 5- 2 4.

Figu r e 5 - 2 4 . Ant en na U- Bolt M ou nt ing H ar dw a r e

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea A U- bolt br acket t yp ically m oun t s t hr oug h t w o holes in t he an t en na boom or ot her ant enn asupp ort elem entm . on Th ep it U-falls boltencount t h en clam ps bar ant enn t m Av oid com er ed y oun newd wt hireeless netawsup or k por oper atast ors or t ow er leg. When t he U- b olt is t igh t en ed , it gr ip s t he mast and holds t he ant en na f irm ly in posit ion. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion Antenna Coverings

of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Man y ant ennas operat e for y ear s out door s, u ncover ed an d ex posed t o t he w eat her . I n som e har shUse en vir onm ent s, enb, naand cov8er02. ing11 s ar e used o teit in imize d aminage t o ow t hen an t ene, naoff f rice, om 8 02. 1 1a, 80ant 2. 11 g equ ipm ten mher or e m successfully y our hom t he weat h er or r ed uce t he en w ind r esist ance of t h e ant enn a syst em . or ou t door env ir onm t WhenCh ant enn tahe cov er ings , tithe ar ewcalled es.k Radom es are mad e out of oose r ight netare w or used k ar ch ectcov ur eerin f or gs y our ir elessr adom net w or non con duct ing m at erial ( su ch as f iber glass) t o p rev en t t h e r adom e fr om alt er ing t he r ad iat ion sical e sur ey s ane dad r ad io-t ages f r eq uency pat t erCon n ofduct t he phy an t en na.sit Som e vr adom van ar e: ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low ev ent oist-ur and ecip itI nt at er ionnet f r om corr odin g t hefrm p arttsechnolog of t he an en naerand cost , Pr high - sp ing eed m " last meile" w irpreless access. Licenseeeetwallic ir eless y tdeliv s adin en na perf orgman t hesedegr benefit s gwan it htout requ irin t h eceuse of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Cov g t h ecost ant-enn a t o rbed uce sn ow ice ild up deploy t herin eir own efficient r oadban d nand et w or k sbu t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost g t h e ing ant Licenseenn a t o Fr r ed in d load ingArea on t he a mt hat ast , pr and t he pr ohibCov it iverin e. Deploy eeuce Wirweless WideNetant w oren k sna, is tt h hee fant ir stenn book ov ides t ow er com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

When comp ar in g ligh t ener gy t o w ireless en er gy , a lig ht bulb can b e comp ar ed t o Tableant of enn Content s w hat a elem ent ? I ndex

De pl oy ing - Frient ee W e le ss i de -ant Ar eenna' a Ne twsor 2 : Li cense The or atirion ofWan E-ksfield

d et er m in es w hat char act er ist ic of t h e

By Jack Unger ant enn a's op er at ion ?

3:

Relat ive t o each ot her, t he E- field of a ver t ically p olar ized ant enna and t he E- field of a h or izon t ally polar ized ant enn a ar e w hat ?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 1- 58nid 705ir-0ect 69 -2 4I SBN: : Om ion al ant en nas ar e av ailab le w it h eit her v ert ical or hor iz ont al Pages: polar 35 2 izat ion. Tr ue or false?

5:

A d iver sit y receiv ing syst em can aut om at ically select t he b est sign al f rom one of t w o an t ennas. Tr ue or false?

: ices When a d iver y sy st m emen , tt he t woad o ant ennas mu st alw ays be t h e sam e t y pe Best pr6act f or using plan ning andsitdeploy of br band WWANs. and poin t in t he sam e dir ect ion . Tr ue or f alse? Lear 7 : n Any in sid one er w t ips h o fdeploy rom ans ex anperienced out d oor licensewir eless fr ee indwust ireless r y lead syer st em can p rov ide r eliab le w ireless ser vice. Tr ue or f alse? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 8 : A st r ong signal arr iv ing at y our receiv er fr om an ot her w ireless net w ork in cr eases Lear n yhow ovkidteh rou pr ofghp it abutle. Tr and eliable w ir eless I nt er net access our nt oetpr w or ue r or false? Select t he m m uch ost eff and ant enn sy st em orwyeen our aarhor ea izont ally 9 : How is ect t heivteypequip ical crment oss- polarizat ion aisolat ionsbfet polar ized an d a v er t ically polarized ant enn a? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 1Minim 0 : Aize sect a syst emintder oes otce allow ou tnet o ser ve m or e end users. Tr u e or t heorized ef fectant s ofenn noise and fernen on yyour w ork false? En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 1 1 : I n a sect or ized an t enna sy st em, all t he sect or ant enn as should be ident ical. Tr ue or false? Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 1Use 2 : 8 Sect 02. 1or 1a,ant 80ennas 2. 11 b,inand a sect 8 02. or11 ized g equ ant ipm en na ensy t m stor eme successfully sh ould alw ayins by e our mou ownt n ed hom e, off ice, or ou tper door fect env ly ir ver onm t ical. en tTru e or f alse? Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 6. Evaluating and Selecting Wireless Equipment •The equ ipm en Table of Content s t t h at y ou select f or y our br oadb and w ireless wid e- ar ea n et w or k ( WAN) play s a •m ajor role inI ndex t he reliabilit y, scalabilit y, and pr ofit ab ilit y of y our net w ork . Th is chapt er h elps you De pl oyat ing cense - Fr ee yWour ir e lewss i de - Ar e aw Ne ks evalu e Li and select ir W eless net ortwk or equipm ent . By Jack Unger

This chap t er does not list feat ur e in for m at ion v endor by v en dor . The quan t it y of infor m at ion w ould be ov erw h elm ing and t he list ing w ould qu ick ly become out dat ed. I n st ead , t his chap t er aimPub s t lish o her: elpCisco y ouPress und er st and t he feat ur es and char act er ist ics t hat ar e av ailable on w ireless Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 equipm ent . When you un3derst an d t he f eat u res an d t heir sign ificance, you w ill be in a posit ion t o I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 select t h e equipm ent t hat best m eet s you r net w or k need s. Pages: 35 2

Any New Features This Week?

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Wir eless equipm ent is ev olv in g rap idly. Wireless h ar dw ar e and soft w ar e feat u res chang e each w eek I hfave t emp t ed t o descr all ind t heust signif icaner t w ir eless har dw ar e Lear n in sid er t.ips rom atan ex perienced wiribe eless r y lead and soft w ar e f eat ur es t hat wer e off ered ( by at least one equ ipm en t m anu fact ur er ) at t he tUnder ime I st w and rot e tthe hispchap t er int h2at 002. Because r apid equipm evolutsy ion I s rinciples un der lie t h eof oper at ion of all ent wir eless st ,em sugg est t hat you sup plem ent t he in for m at ion p resent ed h er e w it h y our ow n feat u re r esear Lear ch n . how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea This chap t ercom conmt ains e follow ing m ion w s:ir eless net w or k oper at ors Av oid on p tithfalls encount erajor ed bsect y new Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork A d escr ip t ion of t he equip ment select ion p rocess. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A b r ief exp lanat ion of t he I nt er nat ional Or ganizat ion for St andar d izat ion ( I SO) Open Sy st em ioninciples ( OSI ) sev en-b lay er referul ence m odel. An (uWI nder st anding of t h is Pr act ices t Ihnt e er buconnect siness pr used y successf wir eless I SPs SPs) m odel helps y ou un derst an d h ow v ariou s w ireless f eat ur es fit in t o y our net w ork . Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, A equenv ipmiren t f eat or list ou tof door onm en tur es, ar r anged by OSI layer . Follow in g each feat ur e is an exp lanat ion of t he f eat u r e. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k A sum m ar y of t he feat ur es t hat ar e t he m ost d esir able f or w ireless b ack bon e equipm ent , access ( APs) pr dem ises uipm ent ((RF) CPE)sit , ew sur ir eless Con ductpoin phyt ssical sit,ecust sur om v eyer s an r ad io- eq f r eq uency v eysnet w or k card s, m esh net w or k nod es, an d am plif ier s. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low d iscussion of com pat ib iliteless y issues cause p rob lem s wwhen m ixing w ir eless cost , A high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir I nt ert hat net can access. Licensefr ee ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s iff er ent t heseequipm benefitent s w itfrhom out drequ irin gvend t h e ors. use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Sug ion scost about evalu atbing and rdeceiv dor deliver sup por th.ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t h gest eir own - efficient r oadban n et wing or kvsent hat and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Overview of the Equipment Selection Process Your eq uipm ent p ur chase can inv olv e spending only a few h und red dollar s, or it can inv olve spendin g h und reds of t housand s of dollar s. The m or e m oney t hat you p lan t o spend, t he m or e im por t ant it is t h at y ou inclu de all of t he follow ing st eps in you r select ion p rocess. •

Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Reviewing Your Wireless Network Needs By Jack Unger

Befor e y ou select you r w ireless eq uipm ent , t ak e t h e t im e t o r eview y our wir eless n et w or k needs: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

How wir eless I SBN:m1-any 58 705 -0 69 -2 end users do y ou w ant t o serv e? Pages: 35 2

What net w or k ar ch it ect u ral elem en t s do you w ant y our w ir eless net w or k t o in clud e? Do you n eed only point - t o- point link s or w ill y ou d ep loy point - t o- mu lt ipoint APs? Do you n eed w ir eless b ack bon e band w id t h? Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Do you n eed mesh net w ork nodes or r epeat ers? Whatn fin eat u er rest ips w illf rom y our an w irex eless net w orwir k need Lear sid perienced elessso indt hat ust rity can leadcon er nect t o you r w ired net w or k? Will y ou need r out ing or ont hlyatbrun idgin Under st and t he p rinciples der g? lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Aft er Lear y ou nhav e r eview edidbot t hiteabwle ireless net w orkw fireat ur es t heaccess w ir ed f eat ur es t hat you how t o pr ov e prhof and r eliable eless I ntand er net need, y ou ar e ready t o b eg in r esear ch ing sp ecif ic wir eless equip ment f eat u res. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Researching Equipment Features

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Now t h at y ou kn ow y our n et wor k n eeds, y ou can b eg in list ing w ir eless equ ipm en t t h at m at ches joy t hTh e esat ionicult of pprov elessch I n tpr ern et access o youinr gcomm it y ur es a y our nEn eeds. misf ostact diff art iding of t hew ir resear ocess is not t learn wh atun f eat par t icular br an d of equ ip m en t of fer s. The m ost d if ficult par t is lear ning w hat feat ur es ar e not Pr act t h efeat bu siness pr not inciples b yaysuccessf ul wirt heless off ered or ice w hich ur es do w orkused t he w y ou ex pect em t IoSPs w or(kWI . SPs) 8 02. 1 1a, 2. 11 and 8 02.equ 11 gipequ ipm t m oritecan successfully in tyoour hom e, I f youUse h ave n ot w or80 k ed w itb, h w ir eless m en t ben ef ore, b e diff icult getow ann accur at eoff ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t pict ur e b y looking on ly at pr ess r eleases an d ad ver t isin g fly er s. Pr ess r eleases ar e t y pically loaded w it h at t ract iv e buzz wor ds t hat pr om ise w ir eless per for m ance and w ir eless benefit s t h at Ch oose t heexragg ighternet w orork ar ch itet ect ur e Ad f orver y our or k sheet s do not lie ab out ar e somet im es at ed t heor ical. t isinwgirfeless lyer s net andwspec equipm ent per for m ance, but t hey som et im es om it inf or mat ion t h at w ould r eveal p er for m ance Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys shor t comin gs. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Ev aluat e equ ipm en t t h at of fer s t he sp ecific f eat ur es t hat you need, such as dist ance an d cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ban dw idt h capabilit ies, b ut befor e y ou decide t o b uy , visit a net w or k w her e t hat par t icu lar t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or v en dor 's equ ipm en t is d ep loyed. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Visiting Sites pr ohib it iv e.Deployment Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ot her or ganizat in gyout wireeless cov er age Aftireless er y ouI SPs hav eand r esear ch ed equ ip mion en st fdeploy eat u res, ou door w ill hav one WANsor m or including e equip ment v en dorof s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book w ho can p rov ide equ ip m en t t h at ap pears ( at least on paper ) t o m eet you r w ir eless need s. cover I t is s

app rop riat e and pr oper f or you t o ask t he v endor s t o r ecom m en d on e or t w o ex ist ing w ir eless net w or ks t hat hav e deploy ed t h eir equ ipm en t . Visit t hese sit es and t alk w it h t he net w or k oper at or s w ho hav e deploy ed t he eq uipm ent . Your visit w ill allow y ou t o lear n w h at f eat u res w or k especially w ell and w hat feat ur es do not w or k as exp ect ed. You w ill learn w hich ex pect at ions w er e exceed ed ( t h e good new s) and w hich exp ect at ions w er e not m et ( t h e not - so- good n ew s) . You w ill lear n if t he equ ipm en t is easy or dif ficult t o m anage. You w ill also learn if v en dor sup por t is p oor, good, or out st and ing. This is • Table of Content s inf orm at ion t hat y ou can not ob t ain fr om a sp ec sheet or an ad ver t isin g fly er . Wit h t h e benefit of • I ndex t his in for m at ion, can m ake an accur at e and inf or med decision about w hich eq uipm en t t o De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks pu rchase. By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Wireless Cisco Press Testing Equipment in the Lab Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 58 705 -0 69 -2 ed you r sit e visit s, t her e w ill pr obably b e one or t w o v en dor s t h at y ou When yI SBN: ou h1-ave com plet Pages: 2 good equ ip ment pr ov iders. At t his p oint , consider m ak ing a sm all eq uipm ent t hin k w ould35be pu rchase consist ing of eit h er a pair of w ir eless un it s or one AP and one CPE unit .

Set u p t h ese u nit s ind oors and becom e f am iliar w it h t h em . Config ur e t he u nit s and m easu r e t heir t hr ou ghpu t in bot h d ir ect ions. Lear n t o use t h e diagn ost ics. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

TI P

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Pr act ice saf et y w h en y ou are wor k ing near w ir eless eq uipm ent . High am oun t s of m icr ow av e energ y id can cause amag t o t he hu , so inim iz e you r exp osu re Lear n how t o pr ov e pr of it abdle and er eliable w irman elessb ody I nt er netmaccess t o t his t y pe of ener gy . Do not point a d ir ect ional ant en na at y our self or at any ot h er Select m ostTu effrnectt hiveewequip ment antt enn a sy tstim em f or are y ournot ar tea near by tphe er son. ireless equand ipm en of f any e sy ou est ing it . Rem em b er : When y ou dou ble t he dist ance bet w een y our self and a w ir eless ant enn a, com on am p it falls ed reaching b y new wyirou eless net or k t oper yAv ouoid r edu cemt he ount encount of r adiaterion t o on e-wf our h t heatpors rev ious level. Whenev er possib le, m aint ain as m uch dist ance as p ossible b et w een y our self an d a izeant t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork wMinim ireless enna. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) When y our ind oor t est in g is com plet e and y ou ar e com f ort able w it h t he un it s, pr oceed t o ou t door t est in g. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ectOutdoors ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Testing Wireless Equipment Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Test in g w ir eless equip ment out d oors allow s y ou t o t est t he r ang e, t hr ough put , and r eliabilit y of tLicensehe eq uipm in t h e pr ofwr ideeal- w or ldnet noise, f erANs) ence,prand her. f r eeent b r oadban d esence w ir eless area w orkin s t(er WW ov idweeat fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s For y our out door t est ing, perf or m t he f ollowin g st eps: t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com enable I nt serf ar vice pr ov ider s (max I SPs) corpdorat e ce IT m anager St e ppanies. 1 . PickWWANs t w o locat ions t h aterarnet e as apar t as t he imand um link ist an t hat you s t o deployexp t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ect t he equ ip m en t t o cov er . For ex am ple, if y ou p lan t o bu ild a wir eless cell w it h aings 4and arm eas here t rad it ional w ir edanconn ect iv it y ist hat eit hiserhigh comenoug plet elyh unav ailable or is tcost ile w( 6. 4 km ) rad ius, pick AP locat ion t o hav e at least w o lineofpr ohibsight it iv e. Deploy ing hLicenseeless Area ( LOS) pat s t hat arFreee at Wir least 4 mWideiles lon g. Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless her oran ganizat deploy in g sim out ilar doort owir eless including St eI SPs p 2 . and Testotusing AP anion t ensna sy st em t he one WANst hat you ex pect cov t o uerseage in yofour 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s act ual n et wor k d ep loym ent .

St e p 3 . Temp or arily set up t h e CPE at fir st one an d t hen t he ot h er of y our t w o t est locat ions.

• •

St e p 4 . Test du rin g t h e bu siest par t of t he d ay and r ep eat t he t hr ough put t est s t hat y ou per for m ed ind oor s. I t is im por t ant t hat you t est t h e t hr oug hpu t f r om t he CPE t o t h e AP. This is an im por t ant t est of t he AP's capab ilit y t o r eceive in t h e pr esence of noise an d int er ferTable en ce.of For m or e det ails abou t t h rou ghp ut t est ing , see t he descrip t ion in Ch apt er 7, Content s " I nst alling Out d oor Wir eless Syst em s. " I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

St e p 5 . I f possib le, r epeat y our perf or m ance t est in g sever al t im es over a per iod of sever al or w eeks. Th e equipm ent perf or m ance sh ould rem ain con st an t t hr ough out t he ent ir e t est per iod.

By Jack Unger day s

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Your out door t est ing w ill not t ell y ou h ow m any cust om ers t he AP w ill hand le at f ull load, but it I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 w ill giv e y ou a good pr elim inar y p er f orm ance ind icat ion . I f all you r t est r esu lt s ar e good, Pages: 35 2 pr oceed t o t he f ollow ing pu r ch ase d ecision st ep.

Making Purchase Decisions Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Your t est ing shou ld br ing y ou t o t h e point w her e you ar e m ost com for t able w it h t h e perf or m ance of one or t w o br an ds of w ir eless eq uipm ent . You can now m ak e y our p ur ch ase decision an d be an ent ex perienced r y lead fair ly Lear confnid in ensid t t er h att ips t hef rom equipm y ou b uy wwir ill eless m eet ind youust r per for merance exp ect at ion s. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models Sever al dif fer en t b ut sim ilar layer ed d at a ar chit ect u res h ave been dev elop ed t o allow reliable dat a t r ansfer b et w een d iff er ent com pu t er sy st ems and bet w een dif fer en t net w or k s. When y ou un derst an d a lit t le about t he ser vice lay er s an d t he pr ot ocols t hat t hese ar chit ect u res u se, y ou •w ill be in a g Table of Content ood posit ion t so und er st and t h e sim ilar it ies an d t he dif fer en ces bet w een d if fer ent •br and s of w ireless I ndex equ ipm en t . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The sev en - lay er I SO OSI r ef erence m odel w as f irst pr oposed ar oun d 198 3 t o allow connect ivit y By Jack Unger ( or int er w or kin g) b et ween diff er ent com p ut er syst em s. Prior t o t h e OSI r eference m odel, com put er sy st em s m ade b y one m anu fact ur er could not easily comm u nicat e w it h com pu t er Pub lish er: Cisco Press syst em s m ade b y ot her m anuf act ur ers. Th e int ent of t he OSI ref er ence m odel w as t o allow 200 3 comPub putDat er e:syFebruary st em s 26, t o su ccessf ully comm u nicat e w it h each ot her even t hou gh diff er ent v en dor s I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 m anuf act ur ed t h em . Figur e 6- 1 sh ows t he OSI ref er ence m odel alongside t he TCP/ I P Pages: 35 2 ar ch it ect u re.

Figu r e 6 - 1 . OSI a nd TCP/ I P Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Beginnin in bt he 197 0s, t he Unit ed St atarea es Depar t m ent of DANs) ef ense began pr om ot ing comp er License- fgr ee r oadban dw ir eless w idenet w ork s ( WW pr ov id e fast deploym ent ofutlow net kin -gspb eed et ween er sit esearI ch depar t m ent s Licensean d gov fr eree nmwent inst allat ion s. One of er t h se costw, or high " lastuniv - m ile" wyir reless nt er net access. ir eless t echnolog y deliv pr im ary goalss of t er net w gortkhin ef for t o sd ev a su rpviv or k—one t h at worould t hese benefit w itthhis outinrequ irin e guse of t prwas od uct or elop serv ices rovable idednet by wlocal t elep hone be ab le t o panies. cont in ue com m unicat som e ofprtov h eider netsw (ork nodes som e of hem anager s t o cable com WWANs enableing I ntev eren netif ser vice I SPs) and or corp orat e ItT com mu tnicat s link er e d estbrroy ed . This n ew ork ing eff ort asspeed basedaccess on t wof orprbu imild ary deploy h eir ion own costs- w efficient oadban d n et w ornet k s wt hat deliver h igwhings pr ot ocols: t he Tran smitission Con t r ol Pr ot ocol he Iplet n t erely netunav Pr otailable ocol ( I P) TCP perf and ar eas w here t rad ional w ir ed conn ect iv it (yTCP) is eitand h er tcom or. is cost - or med tpr r anspor lay er f unct equ ivalent t o eless t h e t rWideanspor t layNet er in mod el.book I P perf or m ohib it ivt e. Deploy ingions LicenseFr ee Wir Area w ort he k s OSI is t he f ir st t hat pred ov ides net or ke,layer ions t hat w er equ alent tinst o t hallat e net w ,ork layaterion, ( Lay 3) inpor t he el. f or comwplet r eal-f unct w orld " st ar t - t of ineish " divesign, ion oper anerd sup t inOSI for mmod at ion When app licatand ion layer Layer 7 ) ion pr otsocols ( Telnet , FTP, anWANsd so on) and phycov sical ( Layof er 1) w ireless I SPs ot her (or ganizat deploy in g out door SMTP, wir eless including er age and a link lay er 802 ( Lay.1er1g, 2) and pr ot pr ocols wer e -add , t he result w as an var chit ect ur er al t hat 80 2.dat 11a, 802 .1 1b, opr iet ary pr oted ocol n et w or k s. This endor - neut book cover s

eff ect iv ely cont ain ed f iv e lay ers. Figur e 6- 1 sh ows t he TCP/ I P m odel alongside t he OSI r efer ence m odel f or comp arison. The TCP/ I P ar chit ect u re is fun ct ion ally eq uivalent t o t he OSI refer ence m odel. The m ajor similar it ies an d diff er ences ar e as follow s: Bot h m odels hav e an applicat ion, a t r anspor t , and a net w or k/ I nt er net lay er. •

Table of Content s

I ndex The TCP/ I P m odel d oes n ot h ave a session lay er ( Lay er 5 of t he OSI ref er ence m odel) or a De pl oypr ing Li cense - Fr ee ir e (leLay ss W NeOSI tw or ks esent at ion layWer eri de6 - Ar ofetahe ref er ence m odel) . •

By Jack Unger

Bot h m odels hav e a low er lay er t hat con nect s t he up per lay er s t o t he act u al ph ysical net w or k. I n t h e OSI r efer en ce mod el, t he low er layer ( Layer 1 ) is called t he phy sical lay er. Pub lish er: Cisco Press I n t he or iginal TCP/ I P m odel, t h e lower lay er w as called t he h ost - t o- net w or k layer . I n Pub e: February 26, 200 3 I P net w or ks u se t he com binat ion of a Layer 2 sub lay er called t he prDat esent - day use, TCP/ I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 m ed ium access cont r ol ( MAC) su blayer alon g w it h Lay er 1 t o p rov ide conn ect iv it y ov er t he wPages: ireless 35 2lin k.

Vir t ually all t he wir eless equ ip ment f eat u res t h at y ou evaluat e operat e at t h e ph ysical, dat a lin k, and net w or k lay er s of t h e OSI an d TCP/ I P r ef erence m odels. The w ir eless feat ur es and fu nct ionalit y ( m odu lat ion t y pe, d at a r at e, and so on ) t ak e p lace at t he p hy sical lay er. Access t o ( and shar ing of) t he wir eless m edium t akes place at t he d at a link lay er. Rout in g t ak es place at Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. t he net w ork lay er. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Peer Protocols

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Peer pr ot ocols oss I nittab er net but r pr ov idewcom mu nicat ly bet w een sam e- lay er Lear n howrut n o acr pr ov id et he pr of le and eliable ir eless I nt erion net on access pr ocesses. One ex amp le of t his sam e- lay er comm u nicat ion p rocess is a Hy per t ex t Tran sf er Pr ot ocol ( HTTP) w ost eb br u nning on tand he applicat er soff or one n et ar w or Select t he m effow ectser iv er equip ment ant enn ion a sylay st em y our eak . The HTTP br ow ser r et riev es in for m at ion f r om it s peer w eb serv er r unn ing on t he app licat ion layer of an ot her net w or Altcom houg com m unicat is applicat ion-net layweror- tko-oper ap plicat Avk.oid mhont he p itHTTP falls encount er ed ion b y new w ir eless at orsion lay er ( peer - t opeer) , bot h net w or ks com m un icat e d ow nw ar d t hr ough t h eir low er net w or k layer s. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Services

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) I nf orm at ion is passed f rom t he t op ( ap plicat ion ) lay er of one net w or k dow n t hr oug h t he low er Use 8 02. 1 1a,p80 11 b,a and 8 02. g equ enlay t meror just e successfully ow nt hhom off ice, lay er s. Each layer rov2.ides set of ser11 vices foripm t he abov e it anind yuour t ilizes e sere, v ices or ou t door env ir onm en t pr ov ided b y t he lay er ju st below it . Th e set of ser v ices b et w een t w o layer s is r ef err ed t o as t he int erf ace b et ween t he t w o layer s. For ex am ple, Lay er 6 pr ovid es ser vices for Layer 7 ; Layer 5 Ch oose he r fight neterw or ar chso it ect ir eless7net k licat ion layer ) can pr ov ides ser vtices or Lay 6; kand on.urIen ftor h isy our way w , Layer ( t hweorapp com mu nicat e all t he way dow n t o Layer 1 ( t he phy sical lay er ) . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys The f ollow in g list illust r at es how ser vices and pr ot ocols oper at e. When you r w eb b row ser uses Licensef r ee b riroadban d wwiroreless w idenet w ork sis( as WW ANs) s:pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low HTTP ov er aw eless net k , t he in forarea m at ion f low f ollow cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy 1 . The t h eir HTTP own infcost orm-at efficient ion r eq buest r oadban or iginat d n es et wat or tkhe s t hat ap plicat deliver ion hlay ig her speed on t h eaccess or ig inat f oring bunet ild ings w or k. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost . The HTTP r eqing uestLicenset r av elsFrdee own w ard f rom t heArea ap plicat ( using he serv ices pr2ohib it iv e. Deploy Wir eless WideNet wion or klay s isert he f ir st tbook t hat pr pr ovovided ides by e, allr ealt he w intorld er m"ed iatt e- t olayer s) "t od tesign, he p hyinst sical layion er ,on t heator iginat n por et w torinkfor . The com plet st ar f in ish allat oper ion, an ding sup m at ion f or ph ysical layerotuher ses or t hganizat e app rop e w ir eless pr ot ocolwir ( for ex amp le, including t he app r opr iatereage dir ect w ireless I SPs and ionriat s deploy in g out door eless WANscov of seq uence icat ev endor t he r equest ovbook er t hecover air s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 spr 1b,ead 802spect .1 1g,r um and mprodu oprlat ietion ary or - prD otSSS) ocol nt oetcom w or kms.unThis - neut r al

w irelessly t o t he p hy sical lay er on t he ot h er n et wor k . 3 . The p hy sical lay er on t he ot h er net w ork uses t he DSSS pr ot ocol t o r eceiv e t he requ est fr om t he orig in at ing net w or k. Th e ph ysical layer t h en p asses t he in for m at ion u p t hr ough it s int er face t o t he d at a link lay er. Using high er and high er lay er ser v ices, t he requ est passes up w ard un t il it ev en t ually r each es t he app licat ion layer . Ther e, t he HTTP pr ot ocol pr ocesses t he requ est and r ep lies w it h a r esp onse. •

Table of Content s 4 . Using serv ices of low er and low er layer s, t he r esponse t r av els d ow nw ar d t o t he phy sical I ndex lay er . Usin g t he Lay er 1 DSSS p r ot ocol, t he r esp onse is t r ansm it t ed ov er t he air b ack t o t h e De pl oyph ingysical Li cense - Fr ee of W ir i de - Ar e a Ne layer t he le e ss or W iginat ing nettwwor orks k. •

By Jack Unger

5 . Using serv ices, t h e or iginat ing net w or k passes t he r esp onse up war d t o t he ap plicat ion lay er w her e t he HTTP pr ot ocol r eceives t h e r espon se t o it s or iginal requ est . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Basic Packet Structure and Frame Types Pages: 35 2 Packet sw it ching st or e- and- f or war d t echniqu es under lie t he op er at ion of layer ed ar chit ect ur es. Packet sw it ching u ses an un derly ing dat a st ru ct ur e, called a pack et . A packet is lik e a ham bu rg er on a b un. Alt h ough t h e ex act p acket st r uct u re v ar ies fr om lay er t o lay er and pr ot ocol t o pr ot ocol, m ost pack et s cont ain a dat a pay load sect ion. Th e dat a pay load is t he ham bu r ger in t he m iddle of Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. t he bun . Ot h er f ield s en capsulat e ( sur r ound ) t h e dat a pay load an d m ak e up t h e bun . The bun t y pically pr ovides t h e follow ing: Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Sour cest and ion addr infor Under and dest t he pinat rinciples t h ess at un der m lieatt hion e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Packet numtber infor Lear n how o pring ov id e prmofat it ion ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Packet mment at ion and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Select tack he now m ostledgm eff ectent iv e infor equip Er or det ect d corencount r ect ion inf orm ion w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Avroid com mion on pan it falls er ed b yatnew Figur eMinim 6- 2 sh his gener packand et stint r uct ur e. izeows t he t ef fect s of al noise er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness Figu pr inciples r e 6 - 2used . Gen b y er successf a l Packe ul wirteless St r Iuct SPsur ( WI e SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Packet s p repar ed by Layer 2 ( t he dat a lin k layer ) ar e called fr am es. Not all fr am es cont ain pay load dat a. Wir eless APs an d w ir eless st at ions ex ch ange t hr ee t yp es of fr am es, each wit h t h e follow ing fu nct ions:

• •

Dat a fr am es car r y user pay load dat a ( t he h amb ur ger ) b et w een d iffer ent wir eless net w or k nod es. Table of Content s I ndex

De pl oyCon ing Li cense - Fr ee ir erle i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks t rol fr am es Wcar yssinfWor mat ion such as

essages By Jack m Unger

r eq uest - t o- send ( RTS) and clear - t o- send ( CTS) as w ell as f ram e ack now ledgm ent s ( ACK) .

Man agement fr am es carr y associat ion and aut hent icat ion r equest s and r esp onses in add it ion t o beacon in for m at ion.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 Application Layer Functions and Protocols

The ap plicat ion lay er is w here t he end user pr ogr am s r un. Teln et , Sim p le Mail Tr ansfer Pr ot ocol ( SMTP) , File Tr ansfer Pr ot ocol ( FTP) , an d HTTP ar e ex am ples of app licat ion layer p rot ocols. Wir eless equipm ent t hat you ev alu at e w ill likely hav e net w or k m anagem ent sof t w ar e t hat Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. oper at es at t h e app licat ion layer level. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Transport Layer Functions and Protocols

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

The t ran layt oer pr ' s ov jobid is t oofpritovid r eliable comwmirunicat romaccess applicat ion t o app licat ion Learspnort how e pr ab leeand r eliable eless Iions nt erfnet r eg ar dless of t h e low er - lay er pr ot ocols an d com m un icat ions lin ks. Th e t r anspor t lay er encapsulat datmaost fr om h eivapp licat ion layer t hea session er,y our if used ) and p asses it d ow n Selectest he eff tect e equip ment and( an antdenn sy st em slay f or ar ea t o t he n et w or k lay er . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Ty pical t r anspor t lay er pr ot ocols ar e TCP and User Dat ag ram Prot ocol ( UDP) . Wir eless equipm ent ize t hatt he y ouefev aluat d oes and n ot int u suerally hav feat ur esnet t hat oper at e at t he t r anspor t layer Minim fect s ofenoise fer en cee on y our w ork level. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul Network Layer Functions and Protocols

wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, The essen netenv w orirkonm layer or outtial door enpt rot ocol is I P. I n add it ion t o I P, t he net w ork lay er oft en ut ilizes ot her r out ing pr ot ocols such as Rout in g I n for m at ion Pr ot ocol ( RI P) and Bor der Gat ew ay Pr ot ocol ( BGP)Ch . oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k duct phy sit e sures v ey s an r adhiof r eq ( RF)t he sit et r sur v eys The nCon et wor k lay ersical encapsulat dat a (dt he amb ur uency ger ) f rom an sp ort layer b et w een I P sour ce, I P dest in at ion, an d I P rou t ing infor m at ion. Pack et r out in g t yp ically goes f rom Licenseeee bnet r oadban ir eless idearea net ork se (tWW ANs) pr id e fast deploym ent of low int er m edf riat w ork tdo wint er m edwiat e net w or kw befor h e packet s ov f inally ar riv e at t heir cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s dest inat ion net w or k. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Data Link Layer and Protocols and ar eas w here t rad itFunctions ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides The d at ae,link lay includes h ef in logical link cont r olallat ( LLC) andant he MAC com plet r ealwer orld " st ar t - t oish " d esign, inst ion ,sublay oper aterion, d sup porsub t inlayer for m .atThe ion f or dat a link I lay nor ot mally p er for m s ion a ws iddeploy e v ariet of fdoor unct ions, includ in g segm ent ingcov t her e age bit of w ireless SPserand her or ganizat in gy out wir eless WANsincluding st eam in t802 o f r.1 ames, err .1 or1g, h andling f low ol,otand r ol. v endor - neut r al book cover s 80r 2. 11a, 1b, 802 and pr, opr ietcon ary t-rpr ocol access n et w orcont k s. This

Ex am ples of dat a lin k layer p rot ocols includ e Point - t o- Poin t Pr ot ocol ( PPP) and Spann ing Tree Pr ot ocol.

LLC Sublayer Functions and Protocols The LLC sublay er m akes up t h e t op half of t he d at a link lay er and int er faces t o t he net w or k lay er • Table of Content s ( abov e) an d t he MAC sublay er ( below ) . The LLC Sublay er encapsulat es t he Layer 3 d at a by • I ndex add in g sequ en ce and ack now ledgm ent num b er s. The LLC Sub lay er m ight pr ov id e dif fer en t De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks ser v ice opt ions, depend ing on t he net w or k soft w ar e. By Jack Unger PubSublayer lish er: Cisco Press MAC Functions and Protocols Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- layer 58 705 -0 -2es up t he b ot t om half of t h e dat a lin k layer . The MAC su blayer int er f aces The MAC sub m69ak t o t he Pages: p hy sical 35 2 ( w ir eless) layer an d p r ovides t h e follow ing fu nct ions:

Re li ab le d el iv e ry — The MAC sublay er pr ov id es a r eliab le deliv ery m echanism t h at look s for an ack now ledgm ent for ev er y f r ame t hat is sent . I f an ack now led gm ent is n ot r eceiv ed , t he MAC su blayer r et r ansmit s t he f ram e. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Access cont rol — The MAC sublay er cont r ols access t o t he w ireless ch annel. The t w o basic t y pes of access cont r ol ar e car rier sense m ult iple access w it h collision av oidance Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er ( CSMA/ CA) an d p ollin g. CSMA/ CA is a dist r ibut ed coord in at ion fun ct ion ( DCF) because t he decision abou t w hen t o t ran sm it is dist rib ut ed t o all w ir eless st at ions. Each w ireless st at ion Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s list en s befor e t r ansm it t ing. I f a st at ion h ear s t hat t he f requ en cy is busy , it b ack s of f ( w ait s) a r anndom ofet pr imof e itand ies again. When t he fIrequ is clear , t he st at ion pr oceed s Lear how am t o oun pr ovt id ab let r and r eliable w ir eless nt er en netcyaccess t o t ran smit . I n add it ion, a requ est - t o- send / clear - t o- sen d ( RTS/ CTS) mechanism can be enabled. etiv s earequip e morment e lik ely collid t her ef or ionar s tea hat hav e pack et s Select t heLar m ge ost pack eff ect andt oant enne; a sy st em s e, f orstyat our lar ger t han t h e RTS/ CTS t hr esh old m ust requ est and r eceive clearan ce fr om t h e AP MAC befor t heymcan r ansm it t h eir packet Finally, in n etnet w or e heav y t r aff ic and Av oidecom on ptit falls encount er ed b ys. new w ir eless wkors kt hat operhav at ors m any end user s, a poin t coor dinat ion fu nct ion ( PCF) can be used. One single p oin t ( t he Minim t he ef fect of at noise int er fer senfrce w ork MAC inize t he AP) coors din es t rand ansmission omonally our st at net ion s. The PCF polls each w ir eless st at ion and t hen t ells each en d u ser w hen it can t r ansm it . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8NO 02. 1TE 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t You m ig ht hav e hear d of w ir eless net w or ks wit h a hidd en nod e pr oblem . This Ch oose t he r ight w or in k ar it w ect f or uses y our DCF. w ir eless net k pr oblem can net occur a ch net orur k et hat In m ostw or w ireless n et wor k s, cer t ain w ireless st at ion s cannot hear all t h e ot her w ir eless st at ions. Under heav y t r aff ic Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys loads, sever al st at ions m igh t t r y t o t r ansm it at t he sam e t im e. This can h appen even w hen t he st at ions ar e u sin g RTS/ CTS. Wh en st at ions t ran sm it at t h e same License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low t im e, collisions occu r and net w or k t h rou ghp ut d r ops dr ast ically . Th e solu t ion t o cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s hidd en - nod e pr oblems is t o u se w ir eless equip ment t hat can su ppor t PCF. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Encry pt i on— The MAC also pr ov ides encry pt ion . The m ost f r eq uent ly used en cr y pt ion and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost m et hod is w ir ed eq uiv alent pr iv acy ( WEP) . pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or MAC cont r ol f ram e sub t y pes inclu de RTS, CTS, an d ACK. Ex am ples of man agem en t f ram e w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of subt y pes in clud e Beacon , Pr obe Requ est , Au t hent icat ion, an d Associat ion Req uest . 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Physical Layer Functions and Protocols The p hy sical lay er t r anspor t s encapsulat ed dat a fr om t h e dat a lin k layer an d t r an sm it s it w irelessly t o t he d ist an t n et w or k . Ther e ar e sev eral phy sical lay er w ireless st an dar ds. Ther e ar e also m any p rop riet ar y ph ysical layer w ir eless pr ot ocols. I n ad dit ion t o y our w ir eless feat u re evalu at ion , y ou will ev aluat e p hy sical lay er wir ed- int er face f eat ur es su ch as Et hern et and serial •por t feat ur es.Table of Content s •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Physical Layer Wired-Interface Features This sect ion d escrib es t he w ir ed - in t erf ace feat ur e op t ions t hat y ou will encoun t er w hen you begin t o resear ch and select y our w ir eless equipm ent . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

NO TE

By Jack Unger

No w ir eless equipm ent v en dor of fer s all t he list ed f eat ur es in an y m odel of t heir w ireless eq uipm ent —nor sh ould t hey. Each wir eless n et w or k is bu ilt t o ser v e a specif ic Pub February 200 3s. These en d u ser n eeds dict at e t he b est set of w ir ed and w ireless setDatofe: end user26,need I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 feat u res f or t hat par t icular net w or k . Each feat ur e list ed in t he f ollow in g sect ions is off Pages: ered35on 2 at least one br and and m odel of w ireless eq uipm ent . I t is imp ort ant t hat , as y ou con sider t h e av ailab le feat ur es, you k eep y our w ir eless net w or k need s in min d. Your eq uipm ent r esear ch in volv es find ing t he b est mat ch bet w een y our n et wor k n eeds and t h e w ir eless equ ip m en t f eat u r e set off er ed on a par t icular m odel of w ir eless equipm ent .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Your phy layer er tw iredin t er feat ur e evalu at ionind in clud somere or all of t he f ollow ing : Learsical n in sid ips f rom anf ace ex perienced wir eless ust r es y lead Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Low - speed dat a p or t s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Et h er n et por t s Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea High- sp eed dat a por t s Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Voice int erf aces Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf actPorts ion of p rov iding Low-Speed Data

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Most wir eless equip ment cont ains at least one low - speed p or t , such as t he f ollow ing : Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Low - spe e d se ri al d at a p ort s— On som e equ ip m en t , a low - speed ser ial dat a por t is u sed for init ial syst em net conf Theurser ort speed g en erw ally Ch oose t he r ight wigur or k at arion. ch it ect e f ial or ypour w ir eless net or kr anges bet w een 4 800 bit s per secon d ( bps) an d 19. 2 k ilob it s per second ( k bp s) . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Low - spe e d u se r da t a por t s— Ear ly w ir eless m odem s w ere fr eq uent ly d esigned t o t r anspor only lowd -w spireed serwial d at a ovnet er wt he link .prPor r ang e frent om of 4 800 Licensef r ee btr oadban eless idearea orkws ir( eless WW ANs) ov tidspeeds e fast deploym low s t-osp1eed 28 k"bps. cost , bp high last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ia lupanies. p t el coWWANs in t er fa enable ce s— Dialup t elco t er fpr aces p rov low and - speed ial back cable Dcom I nt er net serin vice ov ider s (ide I SPs) corpd orat e I Tup m anager s t o connect ivit y for t im es w hen a hig herspeed pr im ar y link , such as a T1 or d igit scrings iber deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access falorsub bu ild line ( DSL) link , is u nav ailab le. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPsPorts and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Ethernet 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Et h er n et int er faces allow net w ork dat a t o access t h e w ir eless n et w or k . Wir eless equipm ent can include one or m or e of t he follow in g Et her net int er f aces: 1 0 Ba se- T— This is t he most com m on Et h er net in t erf ace. 1 0 0 Base - TX — This int er face is f ound on high er - speed w ir eless equipm ent . •

Table of s Content Et he rn et hub or sws i t ch es— This int er face is f ound on some w ir eless APs.

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

High-Speed Data Ports By Jack Unger

Pub lishion er: Cisco I n addit t o EtPress her net int er faces, it is of t en d esir able t o use w ireless b rid ges or r out er s t o Pub Dat 26,- speed 200 3 non - Et h er net dat a st r eam s. To t r anspor t t hese st r eam s, w ir eless t r anspor t e:otFebruary her high equipmI SBN: ent can in clud 1- 58 705 -0 69 e -2 t he follow in g in t er f aces: Pages: 35 2

D ig it a l su bscr ib er l ine ( D S L) i nt e rf ace s— DSL in t erf aces enab le a w ir eless br idge or r out er t o ex t end or shar e a DSL con nect ion . Cab le i nt e rfa ces— Cable int er faces enable w ir eless equipm ent t o ex t end or shar e a cable Best pr f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I ntact er ices net conn ect ion. Asy nchronou s Tra nsfe r Mode ( ATM) in t er fa ce s— ATM int er faces enable w ir eless Lear n inent sid er ips nect f romt oananex wir eless ind .ust r y lead er equipm t o tcon d perienced fr om an ATM net w ork Under and heces— p rinciples at er unfaces der lieenable t h e oper ion of all wirent eless em T1 / E1stin t ertfa T1/ E1t hint w irat eless equipm t o sy ex st t en d sa 1. 5 44 megab it per secon d ( Mbps) T1 line or a 2 .0 48 Mbp s E1 line f rom point A t o point B, f or exam ple, Lear how privat ov ideeaut pr of it ab le br and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access bet wneen t wtoo pr om at ic anch exchan ges ( PABXs) . Som e m odels of wir eless equipm ent pr ov id e T1/ E1 con nect iv it y only . Ot h er w ir eless equ ip m en t m odels pr ov ide Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea simu lt aneous w ir eless Et h er net and T1/ E1 conn ect iv it y. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joyTIt hP e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y m siness unicat ions m anagused er s wbho w ant t oulp rov b ot h Et her Pr actTelecom ice t h e bu pr inciples y successf wir ide eless I SPs ( WInet SPs)an d voicePABX conn ect iv it y bet w een bu ild ings f ind w ireless equ ipm en t t h at sim ult aneously ov1ides bot2. h 11 Et b, h erand n et 8and T1gcon it yt m t oorbe especially usefu Use 8pr 02. 1a, 80 02. 11 equnect ipmiven e successfully in y l. our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t T3 / E3 in t err ight fa ces— enable f ull- dup lex Ch oose t he net w45or kMbps ar ch itT3 ectint urer e faces f or y our w ir eless net w or w k ir eless equip ment t o pr ov ide T3 connect ivit y b et ween t w o poin t s. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Opt ical Ca rri er 3 ( OC- 3 ) i nt e rfa ces— 155 - Mbps OC- 3 int er faces enable f ull- dup lex Licensef r ee b eq r oadban d wtiro eless w idearea net w ork id e fast deploym ent 3of low w ireless uipm ent pr ov ide OC3 con nect iv its y( WW bet wANs) een tpr w ov o point s. Wir eless OCcost , equipm high - spent eed usually " last - mhas ile" w ir eless access. Licenseir eless echnolog y deliv t he capabI nt iliter y net t o carr y sever al T1 fr oreeE1wcir cu it s tin addit ion t o t her es t heseOCbenefit 3 cirscuwitit.h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Opt Ca rri er -1efficient 2 ( O C- 1 ) int er dfance Mbps OC- 1h2iginh-t er f acesaccess allow ffulldup deploy t h ical eir own cost b r2oadban ets— w or622 k s t -hat deliver speed or bu ildlex ings ireless eq uipm t o pr oved ideconn OC-ect 12ivconnect et ween t w unav o poin t s. and arweas w here t rad ent it ional w ir it y is eitivit h ery bcom plet ely ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

TI P Rem em b er t hat , in gener al, t her e is an inv er se r elat ionship bet w een w ir eless ban dw idt h and w ir eless dist ance; as ban dw idt h goes u p, dist ance g oes dow n. OC- 12 w ireless eq uipm ent t yp ically oper at es only ov er dist ances up t o ap pr oxim at ely 131 2 ft . ( 40 0 m) . •

Table of Content s

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De pl oy ingInterfaces Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks Voice By Jack Unger

Voice int erf aces enab le w ireless equ ipm en t t o carr y v oice in ad dit ion t o dat a. The f ollowin g t y pes of vPub oice f aces ar e possible: lishin er:t er Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 SBN: 158er 705I-0 -2 ne t P rot ocol ( V oI P) in t er fa ces— VoI P int er faces allow I P t elep hones t o VIoice ov n69 t er Pages: 35 2d irect ly t o t he w ireless eq uipm ent an d t o m ak e on- n et w or k v oice calls. Mak ing calls connect t o t he p ublic sw it ch ed t elep hone net w ork ( PSTN) r eq uir es t he use of an ext er nal t eleph one gat ew ay .

Ta lk ba ck / orde rw i re i nt e rfa ces— A t alk back int er face ( som et im es called an or der w ir e) pract ov ides o- w ning ay v oice cuit . m Main enance sonnel n orm ally use t h is cir cuit f or endBest pr ices a f ort wplan and cir deploy en t tof br oadper band WWANs. t o- end v oice com m unicat ion over t h e w ireless link w hile ser v icing t he w ir eless equ ip m en t . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Wired-Interface Security Features Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all

wir eless sy st em s

Phy sical w irt oedpr- in it yand featrueliable res limwitiruser t o access t he sy st em adm inist rat ion Learlay n er how ovt erf id eace pr ofsecur it ab le elessaccess I nt er net console via a serial por t or an Et hern et por t . Successf ul en t ry of a passw ord is r equir ed b ef or e gaininSelect g access t het m o syst ost eff emect adivmin e equip ist r atment ion fuand nct ions. ant enn Addit a syion st em allys, fsom or y our e equipm ar ea ent allow s a m anagem ent st at ion I P ad dr ess t o be conf igur ed. At t em pt s t o access t he syst em ad min ist r at ion Av oid com falls encount ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors console fr om ot hmeronI Pp it add resses ar e er r efused. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Physical Layer Wireless-Interface Features Wir eless feat ur es oper at e at t he p hy sical lay er ; t her ef or e, you r w ir eless- int er face f eat u re evalu at ion cov er s a br oad ran ge of f eat u r es. Th e follow ing sect ions cov er t hese feat ur e cat egor ies: •

Table of Content s

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LOS— Non linesigWhti dean de near De pl oyN ing Li cense - Fr ee W irof e le- ss - Ar a Ne twlin oreks of- sight

equipm ent capabilit ies

By Jack Unger

W ir el ess f re que ncy ba nds— Prop agat ion ch ar act er ist ics an d equ ipm en t av ailabilit y for each of t h e license- fr ee band s

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Mod Dat e:ula February t i on t26, y pe 200 s— 3

Various t yp es of mod ulat ion used b y license- fr ee eq uipm ent

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Ba ndw id t h and t h rough put — Trad eof fs bet w een dat a rat e, d at a t h r ough put , and lin k Pages: 35 2 dist ance N oi se a nd i nt e rfe re nce - r edu ct i on fe at u re s— Receiver an d ant enna feat ur es t hat im pr ove sign al r ecept ion abilit ies Best pr Seact curi ices t y— f orPhy plan sical ninglay and er w deploy ir elessmsecu en t of rit ybr feat oad ur band es WWANs. Mi sce ll a neou s w ir el ess f ea t ur es— Tran sm it and r eceiv e f eat ur es t hat can play a Lear in sid rerolet ips romper anfor exmperienced wir eless ind ust y or lead er signifnicant in tf he ance of y our w ir eless netrw k operat ion Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

NonLear Line-of-Sight n how t o pr ov idFeatures e pr of it ab le and

r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

he m ost eff ect in iv dust e equip enn a sy st em s f ort he y our ar ea I n t heSelect br oadtband w ireless r y , ment t her e and is noant agr eem ent about ex act m eaning of t he t er m NLOS. Her e ar e t w o com m on w ay s t h at NLOS is used: Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim t he ofWhen noise eq and int er ce on y at our N e ar lize in eof-ef sifect ghts— uipm enfer t ven endor s st e tnet hatwtork heir eq uipm ent has near - LOS capabilit ies, t hey ar e claim ing t hat it op er at es sat isfact or ily ev en w hen t her e is a par t ially En joy t h ed e sat of pat p rov w ir eless I net ern access t o you r comm obst r uct linisf e-act of - ion sig ht h, iding as long as t h er ar eetnot t oo man y obst aclesun t oit yt he lin e- of sight pat h . For ex am ple, per haps a f ew t r ees ar e int r ud ing in t o t he Fresnel zon e. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) N on li ne - of sig ht — When eq uipm en t v endor s st at e t hat t heir eq uipm ent has non - LOS Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, capabilit ies, t hey ar e claim ing t hat it op er at es sat isfact or ily ev en w hen t her e is an or ou t door env ir onm en t obst r uct ed lin e- of - sig ht pat h. For ex am ple, per haps building s, t r ees, and hills ar e com plet ely block ing t he p at h. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Becau se t here is no st an dar d d ef init ion of NLOS, t he pr ocess of ev aluat ing NLOS per for m ance Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys claim s is a challen ging one. Alm ost all v endor s of NLOS equip ment ( eit her accid en t ally or int ent ionf ally clu de inf ionw abou t t henet r ange heir ANs) NLOSpreq ent .deploym Th e impent r ession is Licenser ee )b ex r oadban d worirmat eless ide- area w orkof s (tWW ovuipm id e fast of low left wit h t h e cust om er ( you ) t h at t h e NLOS eq uipm ent has t h e sam e com m unicat ions r ang e as cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s LOS ir eless seqwuipm ent . Thirin is is t hof e case; t hes or r ang e of NLOS uipm is alw ayhone s t hesewbenefit it h out requ g never t h e use pr od uct serv ices p roveq ided byent local t elep or subst an t ially less t han t he ran ge of equip ment t hat is oper at ing ov er a t r ue, un obst r uct ed LOS cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to pat h . t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Now , y ou will lear n about feat ur es t hat act ually im pr ove perf or man ce in NLOS env iron m en t s. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Tw o sign if ican t challenges t h at an NLOS env iron ment pr esen t s for wir eless equ ip ment ar e as com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or follow s: w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Mu lt i pa t h— Any equip ment feat u re t hat im pr ov es per for m ance in a m ult ipat h env iron ment also im pr oves p er f orm ance in an NLOS en vir onm ent . These f eat ur es are as follow s: - Diver sit y ant ennas - Circular ly polar ized an t en nas •

Content s t hat con st ant ly adj ust t heir beamw idt h t o r eceive and t r ansmit - Table Smaroft ant ennas I ndexy dir ect ly t o and f rom each indiv idual en d u ser an t en na energ

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

- Adapt iv e equalizat ion - Mult icarr ier m odulat ion, su ch as OFD M

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Whenev Dat e: February er possib 26, 200 le,3alw ay s

t r y t o desig n y our wir eless WANs t o use LOS p at hs. You w ill achieve m705 or e-0r69 eliab I SBN: 1- 58 -2 le cov erag e at lon ger dist ances. Pages: 35 2

At t e nu at i on— At t en uat ion losses in a non - LOS env ir on ment ar e t he r eason t hat t he com mu nicat ion s r ange in an NLOS env ir on ment is less t han in a LOS env ir onm ent . The follow ing equipm ent and net w or k feat u res r educe at t enu at ion an d im p rov e NLOS per for m ance: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. - Receiver sensit ivit y Lear n -in900 sid erMHz t ipsfrf equency rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er ban d Under st and t he t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s - Mesh netpwrinciples or ks Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Wireless Select tFrequency he m ost eff ect ivBands e equip ment

and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Av oidincom m on p itdescribe falls encount er edseb yf ree newf requ w ir eless w or at orst he p r opagat ion The f ollow g sect ions t he licen en cy net band s,k inoper clu ding char act er ist ics and t he p ower lev els of each b and. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

900 MHz

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 90 0 MHz is t h e lowest - f requ en cy in dust r ial, scient if ic, an d medical ( I SM) band . The t ot al w idt h of Use is 8 02. 1a, 80Sig 2. 11 b, in and 8 02. 11 ghav eque ipm m or et hsuccessfully in yely our12owinches n hom(e, ice, t he band 261MHz. nals t his b and a wen avteleng of appr ox imat 3 0off cm ). or ou t door env ir onm en t These sig nals hav e t h e capabilit y t o pass t hr oug h som e ob st r uct ions w it h out being com p let ely lost . For exam ple, t h ey can pass t h rou gh light t r ees an d d if fr act over one low hill and st ill be oose t he ightr eceiv net wed or ksev ar er chal it ect ur e aw f or ay y our elessisnet or k ban d t o u se w h en t h er e st r ongChen ough t o r be m iles . 90w0 irMHz t h ew best ar e ju st a few obst acles t o t h e LOS pat h . Table 6 - 1 sh ows 900 - MHz p ower lev els. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Tab le 6 -1 . Pow e r Lev el s f or t h e 9 0 0 - M Hz B an d cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Ba nd 90 2 t o 92 8 MHz

Ma x im um Tr a nsm i t t e r Ma x im um P ow e r An t en na Ga i n

EI RP ( Eq uiv a le nt I sot r opic Ra di at e d Pow e r)

+ 30 dBm ( 1 W at t )

+ 36 dBi

+ 6 dBi

( 4 Wat t s, r elat iv e t o an isot r opic ant enn a) •

Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

2.4 GHz

By Jack Unger

2. 4 GHz is t he m idd le I SM ban d. The t ot al w idt h of t h e band is 8 3 MHz. Signals in t his b and hav e a w Pub av elen lish er:gtCisco h of Press appr ox imat ely 4 .8 inches ( 1 2 cm ) . Th ese signals h ave lit t le cap abilit y t o p ass t hr ou r uct ions it hou t being lost . Passin g t hr ough one wall can r esu lt in 10 t o 1 2 dB of Pubgh Datobst e: February 26, w 200 3 at t enu at ion.1-At enu I SBN: 58 t705 -0 at 69 ion -2 f r om t r ees v ar ies depending on t he pr esence of leav es and w het her t h e leavesPages: ar e w35et2 or d ry but , on av er age, t he at t en uat ion fr om t r ees is appr ox im at ely . 5 dB per m et er . One 30 - ft ( 10 - met er ) d iam et er t r ee ( t he t r ee canopy / leaves ar e 30 f eet acr oss, not t he t r ee t r unk ) r esult s in about 5 dB of at t en uat ion; 6 dB of at t en uat ion r ed uces t he lengt h of a w ireless lin k t o 1 / 2 of it s pr ev ious leng t h. You can see t h at p assing a 2 . 4- GHz sig nal t h rou gh a few t rees can easily redu ce t he u sab le leng t h of t he w ir eless pat h t o a f ew hun dr ed f eet . Table 6 2 sh ows 2. 4- GHz pow er lev els. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Tab le 6 -2 . Pow e r Lev el s f or t h e 2 .4 GH z Ban d

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ovMa id ex im pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access um Tra nsm it t e r Select t he m ost eff ect iv ant enn st em f or y our Ba nd P ow e re equip ment Maand x im um Antaesy nna Gas in Maarx ea im um EI RP comMHz m on p it+falls encount new w ir eless net w or k oper+at orsdBi ( 4 W at t s) . 24 03Avt ooid 2 483 30 dBm ( 1 er ed + 6b ydBi 36 Wat t ) Minim ( Point - t o- ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Mu lt ip oin t ) En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 24 03 t o 2 483 MHz + 30 dBm ( 1 ( 3- t o- 1 Rule) For ever y 3 dBi Depend s on ant enna size. Pr act ice t h e bu siness Wat tpr ) inciples used ( abov b yesuccessf + 6 dBi)ulofwir ant eless ennaI SPs (Wit WIhSPs) a + 2 4 d Bi ant enn a ( Point - t o- Poin t gain, r ed uce t he t r an sm it t er and + 24 dBm of only )Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm1en t m(or e successfullyt r ansm in y our owpow n hom off ice, pow er by d B. For it t er er,e,+ 48 or ou t door env ir onm en t exam ple, f or a + 9 dBi dBi ( 64 Wat t s) is p ossible ant enn a, r ed uce t r ansm it t er in a Point - t o- Point ( only) Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ectpow ur eer f ort oy our ir eless + 29wdBm . ) net w or k link . 24 03Con t o duct 2 483 phy MHz sical +sit 21 e sur dBm v ey( 125 s an d+r 6 addBi io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys + 27 dBi ( 500 m W) . m W) LicenseWideban f r dee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost fr equ , high en cy- sp h oppin eed " last g - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese spr ead benefit spectsr um w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable usingcom fr om panies. 15 t o WWANs 74 enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy hop ping t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and fr equ aren eas cies w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 3.5 80 2.GHz 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The 3 . 5- GHz band is not av ailab le for u se in t h e Unit ed St at es; h ow ev er, som e f r eq uency subb ands bet w een 3. 3 and 4. 0 GHz ar e av ailable for use ( usually on a licen sed basis) in a nu mb er of ot her count r ies. This ban d is ment ion ed her e because equipm ent for t his ban d is, in m any cases, sim ilar t o equ ip m en t f or t he 2 . 4- GHz band . Signals in t his band hav e a wav elen gt h of app rox im at ely 9 cm ( 3 .4 in) . The p rop agat ion ch ar act er ist ics ar e som ew h at sim ilar t o t h e 2. 4GHz band , alt hou gh at t enuat ion fr om t rees and ot her ob st ru ct ion s is high er . •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex 5 GHz De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee

W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

By Jack Unger

Ther e ar e fou r license- fr ee subb ands at 5 GHz, alt h ough t w o of t hese b ands over lap each ot her. Ther e is one I SM band f r om 572 5 t o 58 50 MHz ( 5. 725 t o 5. 85 0 GHz) , and t her e ar e t hr ee Pub lish er: Nat Ciscoion Press Unlicensed al I nf orm at ion I nfr ast r uct ur e ( U- NI I ) ban ds: 5 150 t o 525 0 MHz , 525 0 t o 53 50 Puban Dat February 26,25 200MHz. 3 MHz, d e:572 5 t o 58 The I SM ban d is 1 25 MHz wid e, and each U- NI I b and is 10 0 MHz w ide. Signals in705 t h-0e69 5--2GHz subban ds h ave a w av elengt h of ap pr oxim at ely 2 in ch es ( 5 cm ) . Each I SBN: 1- 58 5 GHzPages: su bband 35 2 is w ider t h an t he ent ir e 2. 4- GHz b and; t her ef or e, it is possible t o b uild 5- GHz w ireless eq uipm ent t hat pr ovides m or e ban dw idt h and m or e t hr oug hpu t t h an equ ipm en t f or any ot her licen se- f ree b and. The at t enu at ion f r om t r ees at 5 GHz is ab out 1. 2 dB p er met er ; t her efor e, each 30 - ft ( 10- met er ) diam et er t r ee ( cr ow n) t hat blocks an LOS pat h r ed uces t he lengt h of a wir eless link b y appr ox imat ely 7 5 p er cent . Table 6 - 3 sh ows 5- GHz pow er lev els. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Tab le 6 -3 . Pow e r Lev el s f or t h e 5 - GHz Ban d

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Ma x im um Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Tra nsm it t e r Ma x im um Ba nd P ow e r An t en na Ga i n EI RP Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea I SM + 30 dBm ( 1 W at t ) + 6 dBi + 36 dBi ( 4 W at t s) . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 57 25 t o Not e t h at p oin t - t o- poin t sy st em s can use an onenn y our 58 50Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ceant a wnet it h wmork ore t han + 6 dBi gain w it h no MHz t r ansm it t er pow er r ed uct ion. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y U- NI I + 17 dBm ( 50 m W) + 6 dBi + 23 dBi ( 500 m W; in door u se only per FCC Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless r eg ulat ions. ) I SPs ( WI SPs) 51 50 t o 52 50Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, MHz or ou t door env ir onm en t U- NICh I oose+t24 250w or k ar+ch 6 itdBi + 30 he dBm r ight (net ect ur e f or y our w irdBi. eless net w or k m W) 52 50Con t o duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( 1 Wat(tRF) ) . sit e sur v eys 53 50 Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low MHz cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s U- NI Ibenefit+s30 1 W at t ) g t+h6e dBi 4 W at t s) ided by local t elep hone or t hese w itdBm h out ( requ irin use of pr od uct+s36 or dBi serv( ices p rov cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o 57 25 t o Not e t h at p oin t - t o- poin t sy st em s can use an deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings 58 25 ant enn a w it h up t o + 2 3 dBi g ain w it h no and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost MHz t r ansm it t er pow er r ed uct ion. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

60 GHz The 5 9 t o 6 4- GHz I SM ban d w as appr ov ed f or use in t he Unit ed St at es in 1 999 . The t ot al w idt h of t his b and is alm ost 5 GHz. Sign als in t h is band h ave a w avelengt h of abou t 2 / 10 of an in ch ( 1/ 2 cm ) . Sign als at t h is fr equency ar e at t enu at ed b y t he p resen ce of oxy gen in t he air ; t her efor e, t he m ax imu m w ir eless lin k dist ance is app rox im at ely half a m ile ( 80 0 m ) , assum ing t hat a LOS pat h is av ailab le. Obst ru ct ion s com plet ely block t h e sig nal. The adv ant age of t his •ban d is t hat eq Table of Content s ailable t h at pr ov ides point - t o- point r aw dat a r at es up t o 6 22 Mbp s. uipm en t is av •I n addit ion, tIhe ndex ox y gen ab sor pt ion m eans t h at t h e likelihood of int erf erence f rom ot her net w or k s is pl De low oy .ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Modulation Types Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

This sect ion1-cov er s-0 t69 h -2 e follow ing inf orm at ion: I SBN: 58 705 Pages: 35 2

A q uick r ev iew of t he m odu lat ion p rocess A d irect sequence spr ead sp ect r um ( DSSS) d escrip t ion A act f r eqices uency ead spectmruen mt (of FHSS) t ion Best pr f or hop planping ning spr and deploy br oaddescrip band WWANs. An or t hogon al fr equency d ivision m u lt ip lex ing ( OFDM) descr ipt ion Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er A b r ief m en t ion of ot her spr ead spect ru m and n on- spr ead t y pes of m odu lat ion Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t othe pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Understanding Modulation Process Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Ch apt er 1, " An I nt r odu ct ion t o Br oadband License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Ar ea Net w or k ing, " defined m odulat ion com as t he p rocess adding erint he signal. Thke oper m odulat Av oid m on p it fallsofencount edelligence b y new twoirteless net w or at orsion pr ocess cr eat es a chang e in som e com binat ion of t he am p lit u de, t he fr equency , or t h e phase of a sig nal. Many t y pesMinim of m odulat ize t he ionef fect exists , of includ noiseing and amp intlit erude fer en mce odu onlatyion our unet sedw by orkcom m er cial AM br oadcast st at ions an d f r eq uency m odulat ion ( FM) u sed by p olice d ep art ment s and fir e depar t m ent s, f or joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y exam En ple. Pr act icer tum h e bu siness pr inciples used successf eless SPs WIary SPs) Spr ead sp ect m od ulat ion w as origin allyb yd esign ed fulorwir use by tIhe m (ilit t o cam ouflag e t he exist ence of and t he con t en t of m ilit ar y com m un icat ions. D escr ip t ions of t h e t w o t y pes of spr ead 1 1a,ion 80 2. 11 b,. and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, spect Use ru m 8m02. odulat follow or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Modulation

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys DSSS mod ulat ion sim ult an eou sly w idens ( sp reads) a d at a signal out and redu ces t h e am plit ud e f r ee, bit r roadban w ir pow elesserwdidearea net w ork s ( WW pr ov id emfast deploym ent of low (Licenset echnically ed ucesdt he en sit y ) of t he signal. ThANs) e r esult ing odu lat ed signal , high eed- lev " last m ile" signal w ir eless I ntis erw net access. fr eed w eless ft requ echnolog deliv rcost esem bles- sp a low el -noise t hat idely disp erLicensesed ar oun a irsingle en cy.y Th e er s t hese benefit s w it sign h outalrequ g t hhan e use pr odwuct ices p rovdat ided by local or m odulat ed DSSS is wirin ider t h eofband idt sh or of serv t he or iginal a. For ex amt elep ple, hone an 1 1cable I ntaer22netMHzser vice prDSSS ov idersignal. s ( I SPs)I nand T m en anager s to Mb ps com r aw panies. dat a r atWWANs e signal enable becom es w id e t h e corp 2. 4-orat GHzefrI equ cy b and, eir own cost - for efficient oadban d n et t hat deliver h igalh-chann speedels. access ings tdeploy her e ist henoug h room t h ree bnronov er lapp inw g or 11k sMbpsw ide sign Eachf or t imbu e ild aD SSS and ar eas w here rad itt he ional ir ed energ conn ect iv itcen y ist ereit com elyone unav ailable cost - e, signal is t ran sm it t ed, w irweless y is edh er arou ndplet only fr eq uencyor; tis h er efor pr ohib mod it iv e.ulat Deploy Fr ee eless Area e. Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides DSSS ion ing is a Licensesin gle- carr ierWir m od ulatWideion schem com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802Hopping .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, andSpectrum pr opr iet aryModulation - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s Frequency Spread

Frequ en cy Hopping Spr ead Spect r u m ( FHSS) m odulat ion does n ot spr ead it s sign al ener gy out , bu t it rap idly shift s t he ener gy f rom fr equency t o fr equency . A n arr ow ban d FHSS sign al is t r ansm it t ed f irst on on e nar r ow ( 1 - MHz) chan nel and t h en qu ick ly shift ed t o anot her chan nel, t hen anot h er , an d anot her , and so on . The r apid f requ en cy hopp in g g ives t h is t yp e of m odulat ion it s nam e. Th e t w o f ollow ing t y pes of FHSS ar e now allow ed in t he 2. 4- GHz b and: •

Table of Content s

N a rr ow b an d f re que ncy hop pin g— Narr ow ban d FHSS sign als are 1 MHz w ide. They hop I ndex using a t ot al of 79 dif fer en t f r eq uencies. The sign al can hop bet w een t hese fr equencies in De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks 78 un ique h oppin g p at t ern s or hop ping seq uences. 8 02. 1 1 st and ar ds def in e nar r ow band By Jack frUnger equ en cy h oppin g. •

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

NO TE

Pages: 35 2

Hopp in g sequ en ces ar e som et im es dif ferent in diff erent count r ies. Check w it h y our n at ional t elecom m unicat ions au t hor it y f or t he r egu lat ion s in y our cou nt r y .

Wact ideices ba nd que ncyand hopp ing — Wideband FHSS can be u p t o 5 MHz w ide and Best pr f orf re plan ning deploy m en t of br oad bandsignals WWANs. can hop using a t ot al of less t h an 7 5 d iff er ent fr equencies. Ty pical w ideban d FHSS sy st em s use f ar less t h an 75 fr equencies; one such syst em uses 43 f requ en cies w it h a signal t hat is Lear n in sid ere.t ips f rom anfrex perienced wir eless r ye lead 1. 7 MHz wid Wideband equ en cy h oppin g sy stind emust s ar r elateriv ely new and ar e j ust beginn ing t o b e deploy ed in out d oor w ireless W ANs. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s FHSS equipm ent chang es it s cent er f r eq uency each t im e it h ops; h owev er, each t im e it Lear howw ir t oeless pr ov energ id e pr yofis it ab and er r eliable er net access t r ansm it s,n t he st le ill cent ed on w onirlyeless one Ifnt requ en cy . FHSS is, t h er efor e, a single- carr ier m odulat ion sch em e. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Or t hog onal Fr equency Div ision Mu lt ip lex ing ( OFDM) m odulat ion t r ansm it s bur st s t h at u se m or e En ejoy e sat isf act ion sim of pult rovaneously. iding w ir eless I n t ed erntet you r comm un it ysig nal h as t he t han on cart hr ier fr equency Com par o aaccess D SSSt o signal, an OFDM follow ing char act er ist ics: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1t 1a, 80 2.e11 b,oun andt of 8 02. 11 g idt equh ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Occupies he sam am b andw or ou t door env ir onm en t Uses 5 2 car r ier s inst ead of on e carr ier Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Car r ies mor e inf or mat ion w it h each t r ansm it t ed b ur st Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys I s m or e resist ant t o m ult ipat h f ading License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost highequipm - sp eedent " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er access. ir eless echnolog y deliv 80 2.,11a uses OFDM mod ulat ionnet and operatLicensees on t hfreee 5- w GHz ban td; 8 02. 1 1g uses er s tOFDM hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone on t he 2 .4 - GHz b and. OFDM is a m ult icar r ier m od ulat ion schem e because it t r ansm it sor cable com panies. WWANs enable er net ser using m or e t han one car r ier sim ultI nt aneously . vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Other Spread Spectrum Modulation Types com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Ot t yp es read now o use. These v er sions pr op riet ar ys 80h2.er11a, 802of.1sp 1b, 802spect .1 1g,r um andmprodulat opr ietion aryar - pre ot ocollegal n et wt or k s. This v endor - neutar r ale book cover

t o par t icu lar m anuf act ur er s an d d o not int er oper at e w it h 8 02. 1 1b, 8 02. 1 1a, or 8 02. 11 g sy st ems. On e ex am ple of a pr opr iet ar y spr ead sp ect r um mod ulat ion t yp e is m ult icarr ier DSSS. Rat her t han u sing j ust on e DSSS car r ier , m ult icar rier DSSS uses sev er al sim ult aneous car r ier fr equ en cies t o t ran spor t d at a. This m ult icar rier ap pr oach is a hy br id com binat ion of singlecarr ier and m ult icar rier m odulat ion . •

Table of Content s

Other Nonspread Spectrum Modulation Types • I ndex De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

IBynJack t heUnger I SM band s, t he FCC or ig inally r eq uired t hat spr ead spect r um m odu lat ion b e used . Recen t r ule chang es now allow ad dit ional m od ulat ion t yp es. I n t he U- NI I ban ds, non sp read spect r u m m odulat ion t y pes ar e per m it t ed , and equipm ent m anuf act ur er s u se pr opr iet ar y d ig it al Pub lish er: Cisco Press m odulat ion sch em es t o off er a v ar iet y of h ig h- b andw idt h poin t - t o- point and p oin t - t o- m ult ipoint systPub emDat s. e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Bandwidth and Throughput I t is im por t an t f or y ou t o un derst an d w ir eless t hr oug hpu t so t hat you can meet ( or ex ceed) t he exp ect at ions of you r w ireless end u ser s. This sect ion descr ibes t h e follow ing: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. The d iff er ence bet w een t h e w ir eless d at a r at e an d t h e w ireless t hr ough put Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The t rad eof f bet w een t hr oug hpu t an d d ist an ce Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Ex am ples of low , m ed iu m , and high t h rou ghp ut eq uipm ent Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Comparison Between Data Rate and Throughput (Including Simplex Versus Duplex Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Throughput) Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Ther e is a com m on misun derst and ing r eg ard in g t he ban dw idt h , t he d at a r at e, an d t h e t hr ou ghpu t of a w ireless d ev ice: En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Band wid t h refer s t o t he r aw d at a r at e of t h e dev ice. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Thr oug hpu t r efer s t o t he act ual amou nt of en d u ser d at a t h at t h e dev ice can t r ansfer in a or ou t door env ir onm en t giv en t im e int er v al. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k The r esult of t h is m isu nder st an ding is t h at w ir eless net w ork user s ar e f requ en t ly disappoin t ed in t he wir eless t h rou ghp ut ( dat a t ran sfer speed s) t hat t hey ex perience. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Under st andably , w ir eless equipm ent m anuf act ur er s w ant t heir equ ip m en t t o look as at t r act ive as License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low possible t o pot ent ial b uy er s. For t his r eason, t h ey u su ally use t he r aw dat a r at e in t h eir sales and cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s adv ert ising m at erial. An 80 2. 11 b AP, for ex amp le, pr ovid es a r aw dat a r at e of 11 Mb ps. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Wir eless users hav e a dif fer en t ex pect at ion ; t h ey are in t erest ed in how fast a w eb p age or a file deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings dow n load s. They ar e int erest ed in t h e cap abilit y of t he w ir eless dev ice t o deliver t h eir dat a. and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost When t he wir eless user s' 8 02. 11 b AP deliver s ju st 5. 5 Mb ps of dat a t hr oug hpu t , t h ey f eel t hat pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides t her e m ust b e a p r oblem w it h t h e equipm ent . com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless SPs ly and ot her ionghp s deploy g ial outof door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of Most fr eqI uent , t he realordganizat at a t h rou ut potin ent a halfdup lex w ir eless net w or k is 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book app rox im at ely 50 percent of t he r aw d at a r at e. An 80 2. 11b AP operat in g at t he max im um cover 1 1- s

Mb ps r aw dat a r at e has a m ax im u m t hr oug hpu t p ot en t ial of abou t 5. 5 Mb ps. This d if fer ence bet w een r aw d at a r at e an d act u al t hr oug hpu t h as sev eral cau ses, includin g t h ese: The f r am in g an d sign alin g over head The h alf- d uplex t ur nar oun d t ime b et ween t r ansmit and r eceive • •

Contentinh s er ent in t h e t r ansm ission of sm all pack et s The lowTable er effoficiency I ndex

Collision w een irireless an intw t erorf er De pl oy ing sLibet cense - Fr eewW e le ss user W i des- Ar e ad Ne ks ence fr om ot her net w or ks can r ed uce t he tBy hrJack ou ghpu t b elow 50 percent . Ch apt er 8, " Solv ing Noise an d I n t er f er ence Pr oblems, " d iscusses Unger t his issue in m ore det ail. lish RemPub em b er: er Cisco t hat Press you r en d user s r ely on y ou t o set t heir t hr oug hpu t ex pect at ion s r ealist ically . Pub tDat e: m February 26,t heir 200 3 t hr oug hpu t an d d iscov er t hat it m eet s or sligh t ly exceed s t he When hey easu re t hr ou ghpu I SBN:t 1t hat 58 705 y ou -0 69t -2 old t hem t o ex pect , t h ey w ill j udg e y our w ir eless net w or k perf or man ce t o be g ood. Pages: 35 2

Tradeoff Between Data Rate and Distance As y ou Best pr act ev aluat ices feorw plan ir eless ning equip andment deploy , you m enwtillofinv br ar oad iably band comp WWANs. are diff er ent eq uipm ent br ands based on h ow long of a link t hey can sup por t . Lin k dist ance is im por t ant ; how ev er , d ur in g you r com par ison, it is im por t ant t hat y ou com par e ap ples t o ap ples. W hen y ou comp are t w o br and s of Leareq n uipm in sid ent er t ips an exyperienced wirpeless leadances er w ireless sidef rom by side, ou m ust com are t ind heirust linr ky dist at t he sam e dat a rat e. Ot h er fact or s being equal, t h e high er t he t h rou ghp ut ( or t he higher t h e r aw dat a r at e) , t he Under andmtunicat he p rinciples h at Table un der6lie e oper of all eless st em s fr om an shor t er t he st com ions r antge. - 4t hlist s t h eatt yion pical outwir d oor lin ksydist ances 80 2. 11b AP ( using a st and ard low - gain om nidir ect ion al ant enn a) . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Tab le 6 -4 . Exa m pl es of 8 0 2 .1 1 b D at a Ra t e s Ver sus D ist a nces

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork D a t a Ra t e D ist a nce in Ft . ( m ) En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 11 Mb ps 50 0 ( 152) Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 5. 5 Mbp s 88 5 ( 270) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, 2 Mbp 13 00 ( 396 ) orsou t door env ir onm en t 1 Mbp s 15 00 ( 457 ) Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys As t h e dat a rat e increases, t he m ax im um AP link d ist an ce decr eases. AP dat a r at es au t omat ically Licensefall backf rt ee o t he b r oadban nex t low d er w irlev eless el wwhen ide-tarea he APnet det w ect orkss t(he WW sign ANs) al qualit pr ov idy edfast ecr easing deploym as ent t he of link low costance dist , highincr - speases. eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy h eir own costRates - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Sub-1 tMbps Data and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Tw o t y pes of w ir eless syst em s oper at e at su b- 1 Mbp s dat a rat es: com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, .1 1g, and iet ary - pr otwir ocol n et w k s. This v endor - neut al book Low -802 speed ( su802 ch as 4 800 bppr s opr t o 128 k bps) eless mor odem s t hat pr ov ide a rpoint - t o- pcover oint s

w ireless ex t ension f or an RS- 2 32 ser ial dat a syst em . 12 8 k bp s t o 1 Mbps p oint - t o- p oin t or point - t o- m u lt ip oint w ir eless Et hern et br idges or AP syst em s. These sy st ems are u sef ul f or I nt er net access.

1-Mbps to 11-Mbps Data Rates •

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Most t o- m- Fr u lteeipW oin ir W eless WAN De pl oypoint ing Li-cense ir et lewss i de - Ar e a Nesy twst orem ks s ar e in t his cat egor y . This cat egor y also includ es bot h 8 02. 11 ( 2 Mb ps) and 8 02. 11 b ( 11 Mbps) sy st ems. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press 12-Mbps to 60-Mbps Data Rates Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: This cat egor35 y 2includes b ot h high- b andw idt h p oint - t o- p oin t b ack bon e equipm ent and point - t om ult ipoint equipm ent . Her e ar e som e ex am ples:

Point - t o- point eq uipm ent is available w it h ban dw idt hs of 1 2 Mbps, 2 0 Mbps, 2 4 Mbps, an d 45act Mb ps. f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr ices Point - t o- mu lt ip oint eq uipm ent is av ailable w it h shar ed , agg regat e band wid t hs of 20 Mb ps, 40 Mb ps,f rom and an 60 ex Mb ps. Lear n ps, in sid54 er Mb t ips perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 80 2. 11a WLAN uipm ent t is becom ailab le.atHowev er , wir as eless t his book w as Under st and t he eq p rinciples h at un dering lie av the oper ion of all sy st em s being w rit t en, t his equ ipm en t w as n ot y et ap pr opr iat e for use in ou t door w ir eless net w or k s. The pow er level as t oo and connect or w t oirat t achI nt anerout ant en na. Lear nwhow t o low pr ov, id e prt her of iteabisleno and r eliable eless netdoor access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Over 60-Mbps Data Rates

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

The hMinim igher ize in frt equency ir eless oper at es, e mnet orewband he ef fect sw of noiseequipm and intent er fer en ce on tyhour ork wid t h t hat is available. Pr oduct s t hat p r ovide mor e t h an 60 Mbps of band wid t h operat e alm ost ex clu siv ely in t h e 5. 3and 5.En 8 -joy GHz NI Iisfban h a f ew ort - ran ge et pr od uct s oper at er comm in t he un 6 0band . t hUe sat actds, ion alt of houg p rov iding w irsh eless I n t ern access t o you it GHz y Pr oduct s t hat op er at e in t h ese ban ds h ave ag gr egat e ban dw idt h s of 90 Mbp s, 100 Mb ps, 15 5 Mb ps Pr ( OCact ice 3) , t2h00 e bu Mbp siness s, 480 pr inciples Mb ps, 62 used 2 Mbps b y successf ( OC- 12ul ) , wir andeless 8 72 IMbp SPs s.( WI AllSPs) t hese are full- du plex pr odu ct s. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Noise andt he Interference Reduction Ch oose r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f orFeatures y our w ir eless net w or k duct phy e sur s an r ad ioRF) sit eedsur v eys I n t er f er ence r ed uces NoiseCon is defined assical any sit t hing anv deyev er ydt hing otf hr eq er uency t han t (he d esir signal. t he t hr ough put of a w ir eless net w or k. I nt erf erence h as m any sour ces, so it is im por t ant t hat you Licenseee but r oadban ir elessnw ide-rarea WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low considerf rand ilize alldpw ossible oiseed uctnet ionwfork eatsur( es. cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost NO TE pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Ch apt 8w is orld devot letish ely" d t oesign, t he t op ic allat of und st andin g anan d dmin impor izing hem at ion f or com plet e, rer eal" sted ar tcomp - t o- f in inst ioner , oper at ion, sup t in tfor eff ect s of and n oise an d or inganizat t er f er ence. Chout aptdoor er 8 wir f or eless ad dit WANsional inf or mat ioncov aser y ou w ireless I SPs ot her ion s Refer deployt oin g including age of r ead 802 ab out t he802 f ollow ingand int erprfer eniet cer educt 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, .1 1g, opr ary - pr otion ocolfeat n etur wes. or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I n t he out door w ir eless en vir onm ent , man y pot ent ial in t erf er ence sour ces ex ist . You can use a few eq uipm en t char act erist ics t o pr ovide som e h elp in min im izing t he ef fect s of int er fer en ce. The f ollow in g in t er f er ence- redu ct ion f eat u r es op er at e at t he phy sical lay er t o help r educe t h e eff ect s t h at in t er f er ence can h ave on b ot h AP and CPE t h rou ghp ut . •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks Receiver Selectivity By Jack Unger

Select iv it y is t he capabilit y of a receiv er t o rej ect sign als t hat ar e not ex act ly on t he d esir ed r eceivin f r eq uency. Pub lishger: Cisco Press No r eceiver is p er f ect ly select ive; no r eceiv er has t h e cap abilit y t o comPub pletDat ely r eject all of f- f r eq uency sig nals; t her efor e, all r eceiver s ar e suscept ib le t o b eing e: February 26, 200 3 ov er loaded by n ear by , st r ong off - f requ en cy sign als. These of f- f r eq uency sig nals can be w it hin I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 t he license- f r ee band ( in- b and int erf erence) , or t hey can b e out side t h e band ( ou t - of- b and Pages: 35 2 int er fer en ce) . Ov erload in g cau ses a receiv er t o b ecom e desensit ized ( t o ex per ien ce a r ed uced sensit iv it y ) t o t he desir ed sign als. Th e sym pt om of a d esensit ized r eceiver is a r ed uct ion in t he receiv ing dist ance. Som e r eceiver s allow y ou t o conf ig ur e a h igher r eceiv e t hr esh old level. Th is feat ur e enables y ou t of or int ent allyand redudeploy ce t hemsen it yoad and t h erWWANs. efor e r educe t h e int ensit y of t he Best pr act ices planion ning en tsit ofivbr band ov er loading . This f eat ur e is similar t o a " squ elch" cont r ol on an FM t w o- w ay r adio. I t canLear be dn ifficult in sid erfor t ips you f rom t o com an ex par perienced e r eceiv erwir select elessivind it y ust andr yt olead pr edict er ov er load r esist ance because m ost m anuf act ur ers do n ot p ublish ov er load specif icat ion s. Keep t he f ollow in g g en er al Underin st and t h eatwun der lieequipm t h e oper at: ion of all wir eless sy st em s gu id elines m indt he as pyrinciples ou ev aluat ir eless ent Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Wir eless equipm ent t hat is desig ned f or ou t door WAN use should be less suscept ib le t o Select ov t he m ost effwect iv ecom equip ant enn a sy stLAN em sequip f or y ment our ar. ea being er loaded hen parment ed t o and ind oor w ireless Av oid com m on pent it falls encount er ned ed bfyornew w ir eless net wisorlikely k oper orsm or e su scept ible t o Wir eless equipm t hat is desig ind oor LAN use t oatbe being ov er loaded w hen u sed out d oors. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork All w ir eless eq uipm ent mig ht n eed t o hav e an ex t ern al ban dpass f ilt er ad ded wh en t h er e En t h or e sat isfeact rov iding w ir eless t ern t o or yout elev r comm y cast ar ejoy one mor stion r ongof, p near by t r ansm it t ersI nsu ch et asaccess FM, AM, isionunbitroad t r ansm it t er s. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

Multipath Resistance or ou t door env ir onm en t

t he r ight netof w or it ectow urave e f orf r yeq our w ir eless w or Mu lt ipCh at oose h fadin g is a fact lifke ar atchmicr uencies. Munet lt ipat h kis cau sed w hen sign al r ef lect ions cau se sev er al sign als ( echoes) t o be r eceiv ed alm ost sim ult aneously. Equ ipm en t Contduct sical e sur v eys sofanmdult r ad io-hf rinclude eq uencyt he ( RF) sit eing sur: v eys feat u res h at mphy inim ize sit t he ef fect ipat f ollow License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , An high - spna eed last ile" Ant w irenna eless div I nter ersit net access. Licensefr ult ee ipat w ir eless t echnolog deliv eres t en di "ve rsi- m t y— y helps m inim ize m h by usin g t w o ysep ar at t heseant benefit s wThe it h out irinar g et hsepar e useatofedprf od ucteach s or serv p rov idedt he by sign localalt elep hone enn as. an trequ en nas rom ot herices , and w hen fad es, on eor cable ant com panies. WWANs nt er net ser vice prher ov ider ( I SPs) and corperorat I T at mically anager s t o enn a r eceiv es a stenable r onger Isignal t han t he ot ant senn a. The r eceiv auteom deploy t h eirs own - efficient b r oadban n eteach w or k sin tcom hat ing deliver ig,haccess or bu. ild ings select t he stcost r ong est ant enn a signald on p ackhet sospeed f ading is r edfuced and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibCircul it iv e. Deploy a r a nt eing nnLicensea pola r iz Frat eei on— Wir eless Circu Widelar ly Area polarNet izedw an or kt sennas is t hed iscr f ir stimin book at et hat against pr ov ides com plet m ult e, ipat r ealhw int orld er fer " st enarce. t - t oEquip f in ish ment " d esign, t hat of inst fers allat t heion op, toper ion of at ion, u singanadcir sup cular porly t inpolar for mizated ion f or w ireless ant enn I SPsa and p rovot ides hermororganizat e pr ot ect ionion s deploy againin stgmout ultdoor ipat hwir com eless par ed WANst o eqincluding uipm ent cov w it herout agea of 80 2. 11a, circular 802ly.1polar 1b, 802 ized.1 an 1g,t en and na.pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

OFD M— Equ ip m en t t h at uses or t hog onal f requ en cy div ision m ult iplex ing m odu lat ion pr ov ides m ore im m un it y t o m ult ip at h in t er f er ence com par ed t o non- OFD M equ ip m en t . Mu lt ip at h in t erf er ence is w or se in a phy sical en vir onm ent w here y ou fin d m an y obst acles t h at r ef lect w ir eless sign als. Th e cen t er of a cit y w it h man y t all, flat , ref lect ive met al building sur faces is a high m ult ipat h env ir on ment . I f y ou plan t o deploy w ireless ser vice in a hig h- m ult ipat h env iron ment , use as m any m u lt ip at h- r educt ion feat ur es and t echniqu es as possib le. •

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Miscellaneous Interference Reduction Techniques

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Ther e ar e m any sour ces of n oise and in t erf erence besides m ult ipat h . The f ollowin g m iscellaneous featPub u res h elp r edPress uce t he d ist an ce- r obb in g ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce: lish er: Cisco Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 58le 705a-0nt 69e-2nn a pola ri z at i on— I n t er f er ence f rom ot her w ireless sy st em s is u sually Se le ct1-ab Pages: 2 t ically polarized or hor izont ally p olar ized. Equipm ent t hat allows you t o select eit her 35 v er eit her v er t ical or h orizon t al polar izat ion allow s y ou t o m inim ize int er fer en ce fr om ot her syst em s by select ing polar izat ion opposit e t o ot her , int er fer in g net w ork s.

Sm a rt an t en na t e ch nolog y— Smar t ant ennas en able t he ant enna pat t er n beamw idt h t o beact auices t omfat ad just ed deploy und er m sofen t wt ar t r band ol. I n WWANs. t h is w ay, t he an t en na p at t ern can be Best pr orically plan ning and ofebrcon oad aut om at ically st eer ed t o m in imize or avoid int er fer en ce. Sm ar t an t enna t ech nology is a r elat iv ely new t ech nology t hat is just beginnin g t o app ear in licen se- f ree w ir eless WAN equipm Lear n inent sid.er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Sm a rtstra diot he fe ap trinciples ure s— Smar t rad clud ad io' s capabilit Under and t h at un deriolief eat t h eu res operinat ioneoft he allr wir eless sy st emys t o aut om at ically scan t he available f r eq uencies an d t o choose t he fr eq uency w it h t he least Lear n how t o er prfer ov id pr of r eliable ir eless nt an er net access am ount of int enece. Auittab omleatand ic pow er adjwust m en t Iis ot her smar t r adio f eat u r e. Th e w ireless eq uipm ent m easur es t he st r engt h and t h e qualit y of t h e r eceived sig nal an d Select eff ectpow iv e er equip ment and antnenn a aint sy stain em st he f ordesir y oured arlink ea q ualit y . Using only adj ust st he t h emt rost ansmit level u p or dow to m t he amou nt of pow er need ed m inim izes t he int er fer en ce t o ot h er w ir eless sy st em s. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Physical Layer Wireless Security Features

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Ther e ar e a n um ber of ph ysical layer w ir eless secur it y f eat ur es as w ell as man y high er - lay er iceurt es. h e bu pring inciples used b y successf ul wir ph eless I SPs ( WI secu SPs)r it y feat ur es. secur Pr it yact f eat Thsiness e follow sect ions d escr ib e t he main ysical layer Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Antenna Pattern/Signal Strength

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Alt hou gh not im m ediat ely obv ious, ant enn a dir ect iv it y pr ov ides a cer t ain m easur e of secur it y . duct w phy sical usit e ssur ey sphy an dsically r ad io-posit f r eq ion uency ( RF) sit e in suran v eys UnautCon h orized ireless ser mvust t hem selves ar ea w here a usable signal ex ist s. This is anot h er reason t o car ef ully consider w here you r adiat e y our sign al. Rat h er Licensef r eecast b r ing oadban w irweless ide-dir area net w ork ( WW pr oveidonly e fast ent of lowet han b road it evdery her e,wuse ect ional antsenn as ANs) t o r adiat intdeploym o t he ar eas w her cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s y our end user s are locat ed. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Modulation Type and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Lik e plet ant e, ennr eala d irwect ivit" yst, ar mtodu is a inst not -allat so- ob it yan feat u re.por I f tainwir com orld - t o-lat f inion ish "t ydpe esign, ionvious , opersecur at ion, d sup foreless m at ion f or net w or k Iuses DSSS, a hacker m ust t he sam D SSS odulat t y pe.including Lik ewise,cov if aernage et w of or k w ireless SPs and ot her or ganizat ionuse s deploy in geout doormwir elession WANsuses FHSS, a .1 h ack m .1 ust1g, u se FHSS. a ary n et-wor u sesn et anwotorher opr viet ar y m odulat t y pe, an s 80 2. 11a, 802 1b,er802 and pr oprI fiet pr otkocol k s. pr This endor - neut r alion book cover

un aut hor ized user m u st use t h e sam e p rop r iet ar y m odu lat ion t y pe. Th er efor e, pr opr iet ary m odulat ion t y pes pr ov ide a higher lev el of p hy sical lay er secur it y t h an 8 02. 11 b, f or exam p le.

Network ID (SSID, ESSID) Sever al dif fer en t logical n et w or k s can ex ist in t he sam e ph ysical space. Wir eless p ack et s cont ain •a ser vice set Table Content identof if ier ( SSIsD) , ex t end ed ser v ice set id en t ifier ( ESSI D) , or net w or k I D t o specif y •t he log ical net I ndex w ork t hat a w ir eless st at ion b elong s t o. Th e ESSI D is a basic net w or k secu rit y De plu oyre. ing ILi Fr ee Wst irat e leion ss Wdoes i de - Arnot e a Ne tw or ks t h e corr ect ESSI D ( or net w or k I D) , it cannot feat f cense a wir-eless possess connect t o a w ir eless net w or k. By Jack Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Miscellaneous Wireless Features Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

This sect ion35d2escrib es m iscellaneous t ran sm it and receiv e f eat ur es. Alt h ough t hese feat u res Pages: cannot be n eat ly classif ied int o a specific sect ion , t heir pr esen ce or absen ce can play a significant r ole in t he per for m ance of y our w ir eless net w or k operat ion ; ev aluat e t h em car efully .

Miscellaneous Features Best pr act ices f or Transmit plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. The f ollow in g m iscellaneous t ran sm it t er f eat u r es can aff ect t he d esign and p er f orm ance of y our LearWAN: n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er w ireless Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Tra nsm it t e r out pu t p ow e r— Most licen se- fr ee w ir eless eq uipm ent is lim it ed by Fed er al Lear t oions pr ovCom id e mission pr of it ab le and rr egulat eliableions w ir eless Com nm how un icat ( FCC) t o onIentweratnet t ( +access 3 0 d Bm) of t r ansm it t er out p ut pow er. Available t r ansm it t er out p ut pow er lev els t yp ically v ar y fr om 1 w at t ( 1W) Select m ost eff1ect iv eW, equip and 30 antm enn dow n t tohe 200 m W, 00m 5 0 ment mW, and W.a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

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En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The r ole of t r ansm it t er pow er in t he successfu l oper at ion of a w ireless net w ork is Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) oft en m isu nder st ood. Man y people b elieve t hat mor e p ower is alw ay s bet t er ; er , 80 t h2. is 11 is b, notand t r ue in m cases. Your best app roach isint oy our t ranow smnit hom w it he, off ice, Use 8how 02. 1ev1a, 8 02. 11any g equ ipm en t m or e successfully only t h e am ount of pow er t hat y ou need t o cov er y our d esir ed ser v ice area. or ou t door env ir onm en t Tr ansm it t ing w it h t oo m uch pow er result s in a t ran sm it t ing r ang e t hat is larg er t han y our r eceiv This un necessary in w t erf Ch oose t he r ight net wing or kr ange. ar ch it ect ur ecau f orses y our w ir eless net orer k ence t o ot her net w or ks. Th e ow ner of t he ot her net w or ks mig ht t hen f eel t he need t o r et aliat e w it hphy ex cessive t ran it tseranpdower , wfhich can lead clev eys of escalat ion in w hich Con duct sical sit e sursm v ey r ad ior eq uency ( RF)t ositaecy sur ever yon e loses. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heseConfi benefit s w h out requ g t hpeow use pr tod uct serv icesels p rov ided by local t elep or gur abit le t r an smirin i t t er e r of con rol —sAorf ew mod of w ir eless equipm enthone allow cable ycom net serpow viceerpr; ov ider ser( I, SPs) orat eequipm I T m anager s to ou tpanies. o conf igWWANs ur e t he tenable ran smitI tnt ererou t put h owev f or mand ost corp w ir eless ent , t he deploy t h eir own cost efficient b rroadban d n eton w eoror k s ttwhat deliver h ig h-odels speedexist access f or bu ildAP ings pow er out put is -not con figu able. Only o equ ipm en t m w here t he and araut eas here t rad it ional w irt he ed tconn ectitivt er it ypow is eit er tcom plet ely omwat ically con figu r es r ansm erh of he end u serunav nodailable es. Th eorpuisrpcost ose -of pr ohibaut it ivom e. Deploy ing Area Net wed or kfsorisa t rhe f ir st t hat pr at ic p ow er Licensecon t rol Fr is ee t o Wir u seeless only Widet he pow er need eliab le book lin k. Avoid inov g tides he com plet w orlde "pow st ar er t - t oin ishizes " d esign, allat ion oper d sup por t in for m at ion f or usee,ofr ealex cessiv m finim in t er f erinst ence bet w,een t hate ion, en d an user nodes. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Miscellaneous Receive Features The f ollow in g r eceiv e feat u res af fect t h e per for m ance of you r w ireless WAN in m any w ay s: Re cei ve r t hr eshol d— A r eceiver st ar t s w or k in g ( receiv ing and decoding an incom in g signal) wh en t h e sig nal r eaches t he r eceiv er t hr esh old level. Sign als below t he t hr eshold ar e eit her not • Table of receiv Contented s or ar e receiv ed wit h n um er ous er r or s. Sig nals abov e t h e t hr esh old ar e r eceived w it h a low er ror rat e. Th e low err or r at e allow s t h e w ireless link t o d eliv er • I ndex m axim um t hr oug hpu t . I you ara eNecom De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss Wfi de - Ar e tw orpar ks in g t w o dif fer en t r eceiv er t hr eshold s, t he r eceiv er w it h t he low er t hr esh old r eceiv es over a longer dist ance. For exam p le, a r eceiver w it h a By Jack Unger –8 5 d Bm t hr eshold is bet t er t han a r eceiv er w it h a –8 0 d Bm t hr esh old. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

NO TE

Pages: 35 2

When comp ar in g r eceiv er t hr esh olds, comp are t he t h reshold valu es at t h e sam e dat a r at e. Com par ison s at diff er ent dat a rat es ar e in valid becau se as t he d at a r at e goes u p, a receiv er' s t h reshold goes up . St at ed anot her w ay , as t h e dat a r at e goes u p, t h e receiv er becom es less sen sit iv e. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. N oi se f ig ure — Receiver s cr eat e noise in t h eir cir cu it r y. Noise f igu re r efer s t o in t ern al noise Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er or t h e r elat iv e lack of in t ern al noise creat ed by t h e r eceiver . The low er t he in t ern al noise, t he bet t er a w eak signal is receiv ed. A 3- dB noise figu r e is bet t er t han a 6- dB noise figu r e, Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s for ex am ple. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he mTransmit/Receive ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Miscellaneous Features Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors The f ollow in g f eat ur es, wh en p resen t , app ly on bot h t r ansmit and r eceive: Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork AP a nd br idg e— Some wir eless APs can be u sed eit h er as an AP ( conn ect ing t o man y end En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y users) or as a br idge. An AP w it h br idg in g cap abilit y pr ovid es you w it h mor e n et w or k flex ibilit y t han an AP w it hou t t h e capabilit y t o wor k as a br idg e. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) AP a nd re pe a t er — Most APs can ser v e bot h as an AP an d as a r epeat er at t h e same t ime. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t N um b er of w ir el ess por t s— Most w ir eless eq uipm ent has one wir eless p ort . Some equipm ent has m or e t h an on e w ireless p or t . Mult ip ort equipm ent can op er at e Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k simu lt aneously on m or e t h an on e fr equency or mor e t h an one ban d. One exam ple is an AP t hat duct has phy one sical 2. 4- GHz an dv ey onsean 5-dGHz por t .( RF) sit e sur v eys Con sit e sur r ad w io-ireless f r eq uency Ex tf er an t en na — area Wireless ANs equipm ent pr mov ust alw ay sdeploym be connent ect ed t o an Licenser eenab lr oadban d wconne ir elessctwor idenet wWork ( WW ANs) id e fast of low ant enn a t h at h as LOS pat h s t o t he end users. Except in t h e case of CPE t hat has t he rad cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv erio s egr atsedw w h t hrequ e antirin enn t his eans t hat ir eless uipm entbymu st hav e ahone con nect t heseint benefit it hitout g a, the usemof pr od uct st he or wserv ices eq p rov ided local t elep or or for an ex t ern al ant en na. Eq uipm ent t hat is desig ned t o be u sed indoor s of t en lack s a cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o connect or f orcost an- efficient ex t er nal ban t en na. d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t h eir own r oadban and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Sp li t ( i ndoor/ ou t door) ha rdw a re a rchi t e ct u re — I n door / out d oor ar ch it ect ur e split s t he pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides w ireless har dw ar e. The m icr ow av e par t of t he equip ment is placed ou t door s, near t h e com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or ant enn a. The low - f r eq uency par t of t he equipm ent is placed ind oor s. The t w o h alves of t h e w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of r adio ar e conn ect ed w it h eit her coax or f iber. Wit h a split ar chit ect ur e, coax cab le losses 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

bet w een t h e m icr ow ave sect ion an d t he an t en na ar e alm ost elimin at ed , conseq uent ly im pr ovin g t h e w ireless perf or man ce.

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I nt e gr at e d an t en na / ra dio— Wit h in cr easin g f r eq uency, w ir eless equ ip m en t ( especially 80 2. 11b ) equ ip m en t is b ecom ing available w it h t he rad io ph ysically locat ed in sid e t he ant enn a. I nt egr at ed eq uipm ent h as t he sam e ad van t age as split - ar chit ect ur e equipm ent —elim inat ing t r ansm ission lin e losses t o im pr ov e w ir eless perf or man ce. Th e connect ion fr om t he ant enna/ r ad io t o t he end user net w or k is m ade w it h Et her net cab le. Table of Content s Pow er- ov er - Et her net ( PoE) t o t he ant enna and r adio is p rov ided using t he n ondat a I ndex condu ct ors in t h e Et her net cab le.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Mu Unger lt i fr eq uen cy

m a na ge m ent com m ona l it y — A f ew eq uipm ent v endor s n ow of fer a w ireless eq uipm ent f am ily t hat operat es on d if fer en t f r eq uency band s bu t can be m anag ed omer:aCisco comPress mon m anag em ent plat for m . Th is eq uipm ent p r ovides m anag em ent econ omies Pubfrlish for t hose w ir eless I SPs t hat need t o deploy w ireless sy st ems on d if fer ent b ands. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 An t en na a li gnm en t a id s— Some eq uipm en t , especially split ar chit ect ur e or int egr at ed Pages: ant enn35 a 2an d r adio eq uipm ent , p r ovides v isu al or au ral ant enn a alignm ent aids. These aids, t y pically a ser ies of LEDs or an aud ib le t one, h elp t he in st aller align t he an t enna for t he high est sig nal lev el wit h out leav ing t he an t en na locat ion.

Av a ila bi li t y of FCC- cer t if ie d an t en na syst e m s— Most equip ment v en dor s pr ov ide at least one fan en naning sy stand em tdeploy hat is m FCCif ied or useWWANs. w it h t he equ ip m en t . Som e v en dor s Best pr act ices or tplan en t cert of br oadfband pr ov ide a num ber of cert if ied ant en na sy st em s. The mor e v endor - cert if ied ant enn a sy st em s ar e av ailab le, t he m or e flexib ilit y y ou hav e t o use an ant enna syst em t hat pr ov ides t he Lear ser v icen inar sidea er cover t ips fage rom t an hatex y ou perienced need. wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Data Link Layer Features The sect ions t h at f ollow descr ibe f eat u r es t hat op er at e at t h e dat a lin k layer .

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Table of Content s

Bridging Features • I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Br idging t ak es place at t he dat a link lay er and is based on t h e MAC addr esses of t he en d u ser By Jack Unger equipm ent . The t y pical w ir eless br idge con t ain s a t able of MAC addr esses an d b rid ge por t s. Packet s ar e f or war d ed t o t he cor rect b r id ge por t based on t h e MAC addr ess t able inf or mat ion . lisha er:link Ciscolay Press YourPubdat er f eat u re ev aluat ion includes t h e follow ing feat ur es. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 35 2 Table Size MAC Pages: Address

The MAC ad dr ess t able of a w ir eless br idge is finit e in size. The t ab le migh t b e larg e enoug h t o cont ain one or t w o t hou san d MAC addr esses or sm all enough t o cont ain only one. I n m ost cases, t he MAC addr ess t able size is larg er t han t he n um ber of simu lt aneous end user connect ions. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Number of Simultaneous Connections Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Each Under w ireless AP or e is desig t o conn t o only specif ic num ofem end st and t hebrpidg rinciples t h atned un der lie t hect e oper at iona of all wir elessber sy st s user s at t he sam e t ime. I n gener al, t he m or e sim ult aneous u ser s it sup por t s, t he higher t h e cost of t he Learbrn idge how or t o AP. pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access w ireless Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

TI P

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Som et im es, an eq uipm ent vend or' s adv ert ising conf uses t he MAC add ress t ab le size joyt he the satber isf act rov idingend w iruser elessconnect I n t ern et access o am youple, r comm un itert y isement wEn it h n um ofion simof u ltpaneous ions. For tex an adv m ight st at e t hat one AP can su ppor t up t o 1 000 users. Th e ad m ig ht fail t o m en t ion Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) t hat only 1 28 of t he u ser s can be connect ed at t he sam e t im e. This t y pe of er r or can be caused b y an er r or on t he p art of t he person pr epar ing t he ad ver t isem ent . Th is person Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, m ight be u nclear ab out MAC addr ess t able size v er sus t h e num b er of sim ult aneous or ou t door env ir onm en t connect ions. I f you see claim s lik e t his t h at ap pear t o b e excessiv e or t oo good t o b e tCh r ue, askt he t her ight vendnet or w t oorcon firch mit tect haturtehef or adv er t ised inf or mat oose k ar y our w ir eless net wion or kis cor rect . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys A w ir eless br bidg e is desig t o supp orarea t m any w ork ir eless users, om deploym 50 t o sever Licensef r ee r oadban d wned ir eless w idenet w s ( WW ANs)t yp prically ov id e frfast ent alof low hu ndr ed. One special ypile" e ofwwirireless b rer id net ge isaccess. called Licensean Et h erfrn ee et conv er t ert .echnolog Origin ally , an er s cost , high - sp eed " last -t m eless I nt w ir eless y deliv Et h er nbenefit et convs erwtiterh out w asrequ designed rid ge bet wuct eens on Et her net porided t ( onbyone com pu t er) and t hese irin g t ht oe buse of pr od or eserv ices p rov local t elep hone or a w ireless WAN. CurWWANs r ent ly , Et h er netI nt con are available supand por tcorp b ridorat ginge bet w een up st ot o cable com panies. enable erver nett ers ser vice pr ov ider st (hIat SPs) IT m anager eight p utown ers and w ir eless WAN. Th pan her net hconv er isaccess called faorsuper deploycom t h eir cost t-he efficient b r oadban d nisetex w or k sded t hatEtdeliver ig h-ert speed bu ild ings Et h erarn eas et conv er t er ( SEC) . w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost and w here t rad it ional pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and Protocol ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Spanning Tree 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Most wir eless poin t - t o- point br idg es im plem en t t he 80 2. 3 Spannin g Tr ee Pr ot ocol. I n b rid ged net w or ks, it is im por t ant t o av oid rou t ing loops ( m or e t han one sim ult an eou s pat h ) . The 8 02. 3 Span ning Tr ee Pr ot ocol senses t he p resen ce of rou t ing loops and d isables on e rou t e t o avoid looping .

Switching •

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•Wir eless APs I occasionally ndex cont ain a b uilt - in sw it ch. Th e sw it ch allow s Et h er net con nect iv it y f rom De ee of W irEt e le W i dedevices - Ar e a Ne tw ks t hepl oy APing t o Liacense nu m- Fr ber h ss er net w itorhout need ing t o p ur ch ase an ex t ern al sw it ch . By Jack Unger

Support VLAN Pub lish er:for Cisco Press Tagging Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Vir t ualI SBN: LAN 1-( VLAN) t agg 58 705 -0 69 -2 in g allow s t h e defin it ion of a VLAN, as op posed t o a g eog rap hically locat ed LAN. Supp ort for VLAN t ag ging allow s t he w ir eless dev ice t o supp ort t h e operat ion of a Pages: 35 2 VLAN.

MAC Sublayer Features Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. The MAC lay er is a sub layer of t h e dat a lin k layer ( Layer 2 ) in t he OSI r ef er ence m odel. MAC feat u res can be eit her st and ard s- b ased or p rop riet ar y. I n all cases, t he p rim ar y pur p ose of t he Lear n er in sid romr eliable an ex perienced ust r y lead MAC sublay is er t o tpips rovfide dat a delivwir er yeless overind the inher enter ly noisy and collision- p ron e w ireless mediu m. The MAC sublay er per for m s t he f ollowin g g en er al fun ct ion s: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n con how t trol— o pr ov id eMAC pr of itsublay ab le and r eliable wsir aeless access Err or The er imp lem ent fr amI nt e- er exnet chang e pr ot ocol w it h an ackn ow ledg m en t pr ocedur e. This p rocedur e m ax im izes t h e chance t h at ev er y pack et is Select heer mror ost freff iv e equip andlink ant. enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea deliver ted eeect across t h e ment w ireless Av oid com m on it falls er edMAC b y new w irer eless net operize at ors Conge st ion m apna ge mencount en t — The sublay w ork s twoormkinim con gest ion on t he w ireless mediu m. The MAC sublay er ut ilizes sev er al met hod s t o det er m ine w hich st at ion is Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork allow ed t o gain access t o t h e w ireless m edium . Th e 80 2. 11b MAC specif icat ion s cont ain bot h a CSMA/ CA cont ent ion- b ased access sch em e an d a polling- based access scheme. Most En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 80 2. 11b equ ip ment does n ot im plement t h e polling feat ur e. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) P ack e t a ggr eg at i on— The MAC sublay er can m ax imize t hr ough put by ag gr eg at ing sev eral sm packet t oget her o one pack . This t he n um of ow t imnes t hee, off ice, Useall8 02. 1 1a,s 80 2. 11 b, int and 8 02.lar 11 ger g equ ipmeten t m orr eeduces successfully in ber y our hom w ireless eq uipm ent m u st sw it ch back an d f or t h b et ween receiv e and t r ansm it ( t he or ou t door env ir onm en t sw it ch in g t ime is also called t he t ur n arou nd t im e) , t h er eby m ak ing m ore t ime av ailable t o pass d attahet r raf fic. net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Ch oose ight D a t duct a prot e ct ion — t ion ( in enioer fal) t ak (eRF) place sev er al d if fer ent lay ers; Con phy sical sit eEncr suryp v ey s an d rgad r eqcan uency sit eatsur v eys how ev er , WEP encr yp t ion t akes place at t he MAC level. 6 4- bit and 12 8- bit WEP en cr y pt ion schfem e in com use. Licenser eees b rar oadban d wmiron eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable panies. WWANs enable IFeatures nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Datacom Link Layer Security deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost The f ollow inDeploy g sect ions analy zeFrdat link lay er secur it y feat at tm off ert ed y ov t heides pr ohib it iv e. ing LicenseeeaWir eless WideArea Net uwres or k tshis heigh f irtstbebook hatbpr equipm ent t hat y ou ar e ev aluat ing. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

MAC Address Access Control Lists When pr ov iding w ireless I nt er net access, it is desirab le t o d en y access t o an y en d user wh ose accou nt is not cu rr ent or w ho is not aut hor ized t o use y our net w ork . Most APs allow y ou t o conf ig ur e an access con t r ol list ( ACL) . Unless t he ACL cont ains t he specif ic MAC add ress of an end user, t hat en d u ser w ill n ot be allow ed t o conn ect t o t h e AP. •

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•Protocol

I ndex Filtering

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Unger PrJack ot ocol filt er in g

perm it s y ou t o d en y br idgin g b ased on t he Layer 2 pack et pr ot ocol. Pr ot ocols such as I PX, Net BEUI , D ECNet , or Ap pleTalk can be denied . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

MAC Address Pair Filtering I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

I n br id ged net w ork s, it is occasionally desir able t o pr ov ide filt er ing for specific ad dr ess p air s. The filt er ing can eit her allow a con nect ion bet w een t w o sp ecif ic MAC ad dr esses, or it can deny a connect ion bet w een t w o specif ic MAC add resses. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Authentication Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Aut h en t icat ion is t h e pr ocess t h at a net w ork uses t o det er m in e if an end u ser is allow ed t o connect t o t he net w ork . Au t hent icat ion schem es requ ir e an ex ch ange of m anag em ent fr am es Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s bet w een t h e aut h en t icat or ( t he n et w or k ) an d t h e end user w ho is r equ est ing net w or k access. Sim ple autnhhow en t icat rov m rinim al secu rit y , wI nt h er ore com plex schemes Lear t o ion pr ovschemes id e pr of itpab leide and eliable w ir eless ereas net m access pr ov ide hig her lev els of secur it y . Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Sever al net w or k lay er s ar e t y pically in volv ed in t h e aut hent icat ion pr ocess; h ow ev er, becau se Lay erAv 2 oid playcom sam p rom au t hent lined net here. on pinent it fallsr ole, encount er edicat b yion newis wout ir eless w or k oper at ors Op en -Minim sy st em t icatsion is t h eand leastintsecur izeaut t heh en ef fect of noise er fere; en it cesim on ply y ourr equir net wes orka st at ion t o ident if y it self t o an AP an d requ est t hat it be gr ant ed aut hent icat ion. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A m or e secu re aut hent icat ion sy st em is shar ed - k ey au t hent icat ion usin g WEP. Th e sh ar ed k ey is dist r ibut edice t o tall atsiness ion s t hat ar e autused h orized o u se t he w or k . I The at ions Pr act h e st bu pr inciples b y tsuccessf ul net wir eless SPs st ( WI SPs) use t he sh ared key t o respond t o challen ge t ext sen t t o t hem b y t he AP. I f a st at ion respond s t o t he challen ge t ex t Use 02.AP 1 1a, 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, corr ect ly, 8t he gr 80 ant2. s 11 n etb,w and or k access. or ou t door env ir onm en t A m or e secu re aut hent icat ion sy st em is based on on e of t he 8 02. 1x aut hent icat ion t y pes defined oose t he rAu ight neticat w orion k arPrchotitocol ect ur( EAP) e f or .yEAP our w eless net or k 2 284 and includ es a in t heCh Ext ensible t hent isirdefined inwRFC nu mb er of diff er ent aut h en t icat ion m et hods. 8 02. 1x r equ ir es using t hr ee ent it ies: Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licensef r ee b r oadban eless w idearea w ork s ion) ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low A sup plicant ( t he dstwatirion requ est ing aunet t hent icat cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s au t hent or requ ( t y pically AP)of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t heseThe benefit s w iticat h out irin g t ht he e use cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o The au town hent icat ser v er b( rsu ch as d a nRem h endeliver t icat ionh ig DialI n User Ser v fice [ RADI US] deploy t h eir costion - efficient oadban et w ot orek sAut t hat h- speed access or bu ild ings v er) and arser eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides EAP impe, lem ent at ions "tst yparically a n ew inst en crallat y pt ion ey each t ime w ir eless user com plet r ealw orld t - t o- allocat f in ish " ed esign, ion ,k oper at ion, an da sup por t in for mbegins at ion faor new session. A nu m ber of w ir eless v endor s p rov ide p rop r iet ar y aut hent icat ion f eat ur es t hat of are w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age based on EAP and 8 02. 1x . I n t he f ut u re, 8 02. 11 i w ir eless st andar ds w ill lik ely ev olve ou t of t he s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover

cur r en t 80 2. 1x st an dar ds.

Encryption Sending an un en cr y pt ed packet over t h e air incr eases t he ch ances t hat an u naut h or ized per son could int ercept and decode t he packet . A v ariet y of encr yp t ion schem es m ak e it har der for t his t o •occu r . I n ad dit Table s ion oft oContent WEP encr yp t ion ( alr eady d escrib ed ) , ot her av ailable encry pt ion schemes •include t he f ollow I ndex ing : De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

D a t a Encry pt i on St an dar d ( D ES) — A 64 - bit en cr y pt ion st andar d w it h a user- select ed encry pt ion k ey.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Tri Dat ple:eFebruary D ES ( 326, D ES) 200 3—

Uses t hr ee 64- bit k eys. Th e fir st k ey en cr y pt s t he dat a, t he second k ey decr y pt s -0t h69e-2dat a, and t he t h ird k ey re- encr yp t s t he dat a. I SBN: 1- 58 705 Pages: 35 2

Ad va nced Encry pt i on St a nda rd ( AES ) — The m ost cur r en t U. S. Gov ern ment - appr ov ed encry pt ion st and ard . I t u ses a Rijn dael ( pr on ounced " r ain- d oll" ) algor it hm wit h eit her a 12 8- bit , 192 - bit , or 2 56- b it encr yp t ion k ey . AES requ ir es a mat h copr ocessor ; t h er efor e, it m ight not be com pat ible w it h exist ing 80 2. 11b h ard w are. Th e upcom ing 802 . 11i st an dar d includes AES. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

DataLear Linkn in Layer Security Features sid er Proprietary t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er st and t he p rinciples t h at der t h teain oper at ion inat of all star em Som eUnder cur rent ly available w ir eless pr un odu ct sliecon a comb ionwir ofeless pr oprsy iet y sLayer 2 secu rit y feat u res an d in dust r y- st an dar d secur it y. I t is bey ond t he scope of t h is chapt er t o list t hese n how t oions pr ov id e prhow of it ev aber le , and ir eless I nt er net pr oduLear ct com binat here; t heyr eliable includewcom bin at ions of access encr yp t ion , per - session k ey exchan ge, and f ram e au t hent icat ion t o pr ov ide h ig h lev els of secu r it y. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Network Layer Features Rou t ing t akes p lace at t he net w ork lay er. All w ireless equ ipm en t cur r ent ly av ailab le perf or m s br idg in g; how ev er , some mod els of w ir eless equipm ent also per for m r out in g. Ju st as t her e is a w ide r ang e of rou t ing feat ur es av ailab le w it h conv ent ional ( w ired) r out er s, t here is also a w ide •r ange of feat Table Content s w it h w ir eless rou t ers. ur es of available •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

NO TE

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub 200 LatDat ere:inFebruary t his ch26, apt er,3

t her e is an addit ional discu ssion of t he ad van t ages and I SBN: ant 1- 58ag 705es -0 69 disadv of-2select ing w ir eless eq uipm ent t hat inclu des r out ing . Pages: 35 2

Routing Features Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. The f ollow in g sect ions cont ain descr ipt ion s of som e of t h e r out ing pr ot ocols and f eat u r es t hat ar e oft en av ailab le in w ir eless r out er s. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Static IP Routing Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ev ery wir eless r out er includ es st at ic I P r out ing. St at ic r out ing enables y ou t o conf igur e per m anent I P rou t es. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Dynamic IP Routing Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Som e w ireless rou t er s in clud e dy nam ic I P r out in g. Th ese r out er s supp ort one or m ore d yn am ic En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y r out ing pr ot ocols. The m ost com m on of t hese su ppor t ed pr ot ocols in clu de t h e follow ing: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Rout ing I nf orm a t ion Pr ot ocol ( RI P) v 1 a nd v 2 — RI P is an int er ior r out ing pr ot ocol. I t Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, is a dist ance- v ect or m et r ic pr ot ocol t hat r ou t es packet s b ased on t he nu m ber of r out ing or ou t door env ir onm en t hop s needed t o r each t he d est inat ion . RI P is relat iv ely easy t o im plem en t , bu t it does not t ak e int o accoun t t he ban dw idt h of each hop . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Ope n Shor t e st Pa t h Fi rst ( OSP F) — OSPF is also an int er ior rou t ing pr ot ocol. I t is a lin kCon duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys st at e m et ric pr ot ocol. OSPF r out es pack et s based on t he sh ort est dist ance, t he least delay , andf r tee h ebm ost band w ir idteless h available t o r each t hes dest inANs) at ion.pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licenser oadban dw w ide- area net w ork ( WW cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Dynamic Host Configuration Server cable com panies. WWANs enable Protocol I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and aramic eas wHost here Conf t radigur it ional w irPr edotconn iv it y is eitv hererallow com splet unavion ailable is cost A D yn at ion ocol ect ( DHCP) ser t h eely allocat and or r euse of -I P pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ides add resses as en d u ser s need t hem. The DHCP serv er allocat es an add r ess w hen a D HCPov clien t com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion logs on . When t he client log s off , t h e I P add ress is r et ur ned t o t he addr ess pool, r ead y t o be f or w ireless SPs anot and her ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of r eu sed wIhen clien t logs on. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Network Address Translation Lik e DHCP, Net w or k Ad dr ess Tr anslat ion ( NAT) ex pands t he p ool of usable I P ad dr esses. NAT allow s t he u se of a pool of pr ivat e n onr out ab le I P add resses w it hin a net w ork . Wh en I P t raf fic needs t o be r out ed ov er t he I nt er net , NAT t ran slat es t h e non rou t able add resses t o an I nt er net r out ab le addr ess. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ssover W i de - Ethernet Ar e a Ne tw or ks Point-to-Point Protocol By Jack Unger

Point - t o- Poin t Pr ot ocol ov er Et h er net ( PPPoE) allow s an I SP t o aut h en t icat e en d u ser s. Som e w ireless rouCisco t er s Press sup por t PPPoE b y passin g PPPoE p ack et s t o t he PPPoE ser v er. Pub lish er: Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Bandwidth Pages: 35 2 Management Wir eless equipm ent occasionally includes ban dw idt h m anagem ent feat ur es. This allow s t he ban dw idt h av ailab le t o an d f r om each MAC or I P ad dr ess t o be t hr ot t led or lim it ed t o a sp ecified level. This f eat ur e allows you t o m anage y our t ot al av ailab le band w id t h, t o of fer dif fer en t serv ice levels er ent gr oups en ddeploy u ser s,mand o ser ve mor end user s. Some equ ipm en t allow s end Best prt o actdiff ices f or plan ningofand en t tof br oad bande WWANs. user ban dw idt h t o b e t hr ot t led at d if fer ent sp eeds in dif fer en t ( d own st ream an d u pst r eam ) dir ect ion s. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s LearTE n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access NO Select m ostrou efft er ectsivallow e equip and ant enndw a sy s f or on y our ar eat h e I P add r ess Som e wt he ireless y oument t o allocat e ban idtsthem based eit her of t he en d u ser or t he MAC add ress of t he en d u ser . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Quality En joyof t h eService sat isf act ion (QoS) of p rov iding

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

ice vice t h e bu siness pr inciples y successf wir SPs ( WI Qu alitPr y act of ser f unct ionalit y is not used one, bbut a set of ul f eat u eless res t h Iat w or k tSPs) og et h er t o p rior it ize dif fer en t serv ice lev els for d iffer ent user s. On e use, for ex am ple, is t o p rior it ize t he hand lin g an d Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t her eby r ed uce t he lat en cy f or v oice over I P ( VoI P) packet s. or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Roaming

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Roam ing is t h e abilit y of an en d u ser t o m ove fr om AP t o AP wit h in t h e same su bnet wh ile License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low m aint aining a net w ork con nect ion . 80 2. 11b APs u su ally in clu de r oam in g cap abilit ies. The vast cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s m ajor it y of w ir eless WANs pr ov ide ser v ice t o f ix ed en d u ser locat ions; t heref ore, r oam ing is not t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or used. I f y ou need t o design or deploy a w ir eless WAN t hat in clud es roam ing , y ou sh ould ev aluat e cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o t he follow in g: deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibRe it iv Deploy ing spe Licenseee lengt Wir eless Netf or w or isdt he f ir tsto book pr ov idesone a e. ssocia t ion ed— Fr The h of Widet im e itArea t akes ank sen u ser be swtithat ched fr om com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or AP t o anot h er . w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802e.1pa 1b,ra802 arypar - pram ot ocol k s. This v endor - neut r al book Tun abl m et.1e1g, r s—and Anyprotopr herietAP et er n s et t hwatorar e designed specif ically t o en cover able s

sm oot h r oam ing. Com p at i bi li t y issues— AP- t o- AP com m unicat ion st an dar ds ar e n ot specif ied in 80 2. 11b . I f y ou an t icip at e bu ild in g a net w or k t hat supp ort s roam ing , y ou sh ould plan t o bu y all of y our APs f rom t he sam e v en dor .

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De pl oy ing Liin cense - Frwor ee W e le er ss W i de - Ar ks ar e of t en av ailable on w ireless r ou t er s. The f ollow g n et k irlay secur it eyaf Ne eattw u or r es By Jack Unger

IP Address Access Control Lists Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Som e w ireless rou-0 t er I SBN: 1- 58 705 69s-2allow specific I P ad dr esses t o b e included in an ACL. Add resses in t h e list can eitPages: her b35 e 2denied or allow ed net w or k access.

Firewalls Wir etning im esand con deploy t ain f irew allt of f eat res.band These f eat u res allow t r af fic t o flow ou t w ar d Besteless pr actr out icesers f orsom plan m en bruoad WWANs. fr om a local net w or k t o t he I nt er net . Tr aff ic flow ing inw ar d fr om t h e I n t ern et t o t he local net w or k is f ilt er ed or b lock ed. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Virtual Private Networks Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Vir t ual p riv at e n et w or k ( VPN) feat ur es include I P Secur it y ( I PSec) encry pt ion capab ilit ies and t un nelin g cap abilit ies,eff such t he Poin t - t oPoint Pr ot PPTP) . Select t he m ost ect ivas e equip ment and antTunn enn aeling sy st em s ocol f or y (our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Application Layer Features App licat ion layer f eat u r es p lay a signif ican t r ole in t he n et w or k design, con figu rat ion , m anagem ent , m onit or ing , and secur it y of y our wir eless net w or k . •

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Network Design De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Man y fact or s of net w or k desig n, includ ing t er r ain, d ist an ce, b uilding s, t rees, and t he p r esence of ot her n et w or k s, influ en ce t he design of you r net w or k. Somet im es, relat ively ex pensiv e t ools Pub lish Cisco Press ( such as er: spect r um analy zer s) ar e n eeded t o assist du rin g t h e net w or k desig n pr ocess. Pub Dat e: February 26,, 200 3 pensive t ools are av ailable t o help y ou w it h net w ork d esign . Som et im es, how ever inex I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Som e Pages: w ireless 35 2 LAN equ ip m en t v en dor s include sit e sur v ey ut ilit y soft w ar e along w it h t heir w ireless eq uipm ent . Th ese usu ally d isp lay sign al st r en gt h, noise lev el, sig nal- t o- noise r at io ( SNR) , and sig nal q ualit y infor m at ion. Alt hough t h ese u t ilit ies ar e oft en designed for in door u se, t hey ar e u sefu l t o sh ow y ou how w ell a sign al fr om y our AP is being r eceived at diff er ent locat ions w it hin y our desired out d oor cover age ar ea. These ut ilit ies are also usef ul f or ant en na alignm ent . Som et im es, low - cost ( or fr ee) har dw ar e- sp ecific u t ilit ies ar e av ailab le t hat fu nct ion Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. like a low - cost spect r um analy zer . Alt h ough t hese low - cost ut ilit ies do n ot h ave t he f ull r ang e of r eg ular spect ru m analy zer feat ur es, t hey d o cover t h e ent ir e 2. 4- GHz ban d an d sh ow w hich channLear els ar by ot her an netex w or ks. n ein in siduse er t ips f rom perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Network Management

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Net w ork man agement syst NMS)ment capabilit var ya wsyidely w een Select t he m ost eff ectem iv e (equip and ies ant enn st embet s f or y ourdifarfer eaen t m odels of w ireless eq uipm ent . Look for som e of t h e follow ing feat ur es: Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Access sed int t o er access t heon NMS serial por t access, t elnet Minim izemt et hehod— ef fect sMet of hods noiseuand fer en ce y ourinclu netde w ork access, gener ic Window s b row ser access, and pr opr iet ary Window s- based sof t w are. Gener brsat ow isf seract access p rob ablywtir h eless e easiest m et t o u tse. En joy ic the ion of isp rov iding I n t ern ethod access o you r comm un it y W ir elice esst hleink at i stpr ics— An NMS pr ov idesulstwir at ist ics fIor each iv idu al w ireless link Pr act bu st siness inciples usedt hat b y successf eless SPs ( WIind SPs) in a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint syst em is im por t ant t o allow ef fect ive n et wor k m on it or ing . At a Use m inim 8 02. um1, 1a, t he80 follow 2. 11in b,gand st at 8ist 02. ics11should g equ ipm be av enailable t m or e fsuccessfully or each end in user y our link owand n hom each e, AP: off ice, or ou t door signal st r engt envh,ir noise onm enlevel, t an d p er cen t age of p ack et s t h at need t o b e ret r ansm it t ed. Graoose Ch phi ca t he l usa r ight genet st w ator i st k ics— ar ch itMake ect ur enet f orw ork y ourman w ir agement eless net weasier or k . You can id en t if y light or heav y t r aff ic pat t er ns, per for m u sag e- b ased billing based on eit her I P or MAC ad dr ess, and Con sicalidt sithe usag sur v eeypeaks. s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys see duct wh enphy b andw Licensef rple ee bNr oadban w irna eless w en idenet w ork ( WW pr ov id e fast deploym ent Si m et w orkd Ma ge m t area P rot ocol ( SNs M P) —ANs) SNMPbased NMSs are f air ly of low cost , st high - sp deed " last m ile" wirireless eless equipm I nt er netent access. Licensefr eemwan ir eless t echnolog y e; deliv er s andar t oday . -Som ew uses pr opr iet ary agement soft w ar t hesehow benefit h outt hir requ irintgy tm h eanag use em of ent pr odpruct s am or serv ices p rov by local ev ers, wmitany d- par ogr s can man ageided SNMPb asedt elep systhone em s. or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy Ant ht en eir naownalcost ig nm - efficient en t u t ilbitrioadban es— Generat d n et weorwir k seless t hat deliver link t r afhfic ig hanspeed d allow access t h e syst f or em bu ild ings and aradm easinist w here r at or t rad t o itsee ional r ealw irted imeconn st atect ist iv icsit yw is hile eitthurernin com g t plet he ant elyenn unav a tailable o r eceive or is t he cost high - est pr ohibsignal. it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Flood ng ca li tganizat y— Floods net w or w it hdoor pingwir pack et WANst r aff ic. including This t est cov allow t heof w ireless I SPspiand otpa herbior ion s adeploy in gk out eless er sage syst em minist r at t est prt he w h ile raf fic load 80 2. 11a, 802ad .1 1b, 802 .1or 1g,t oand oprwir iet eless ary - prlink ot ocol n etsim w orulat k s. ing Thisa vt endor - neut. r al book cover s

Application Layer Security Features The cap abilit y t o int er face w it h Rem ot e Aut h en t icat ion Dial- I n User Serv ice ( RADI US) serv ers is possibly t he most im p ort an t Layer 7 secu rit y f eat ur e for w ir eless equ ip m en t . •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Major Network Feature Decisions Your net w ork f eat ur e decisions hav e a m aj or imp act on t he equ ipm en t t h at y ou choose t o pu rchase an d on t h e success and pr of it abilit y of you r w ireless W AN. The f ollow ing sect ion s descr ibe t hose decisions. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Market Versus Equipment Cost By Jack Unger

The m ar k et t hat y ou ch oose t o ser v e—com m ercial, r esident ial, or som e m ix t ur e of t h e Pub lishgely er: Cisco t w o—lar detPress erm ines t h e pr ice ran ge f or t he w ir eless equipm ent t hat y ou p ur chase, in st all, Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 and r esell. I f you serv e pr3 im ar ily r esid en t ial user s, you need t o pu rch ase low er - cost eq uipm ent . I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 I f you p rov ide h ig her - value ser vice by pr ovid in g mor e b andw idt h and ad dit ional v alue- add ed ser v ices t o bu Pages: 35 2sinesses, y ou can select h igher - cost eq uipm ent w it h a larg er feat ur e set .

802.11b Compatibility—Yes or No? Best act ices tfooruse plan and deploy m en brroad band WWANs. I f youprchoose 80ning 2. 11b equip ment fort of you w ireless WAN, y ou g ain som e significant adv ant ag es and, at t h e sam e t im e, y ou face sev er al disadv ant ages. The follow ing sect ions discuss t hese adv ant ag es an d disad van t ages. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Advantages of 802.11b Compatibility

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The ad van t ages of using 80 2. 11b equ ip m en t includ e t he f ollow ing : Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid—com it falls er ed b y new w irlow eless w or oper ors equ ipm en t . Cost 802m.1on 1bpeq uipmencount ent is available at t he estnet cost ofk an y wat ireless Minim ef fect andent intis erw fer y our net w ork Av a ilaize bi lit he ty— 802 s.1of 1bnoise eq uipm iden elyceavon ailable. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

NO TE Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or tou ir onm ening t , 80 2. 11a eq uipm ent t hat is operat in g in t h e 5- GHz U- NI I At het door t im e env of t his wr it ban ds ( w it h ban dw idt hs up t o 5 4 Mbps) is beginning t o become available. This Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k equipm ent is cur rent ly design ed f or use in indoor LANs and not in out door WANs. Fur od uct m ioakef r eq outuency door ver sion Cont her ductprphy sicaldev sitelop e surment v ey s m anight d r ad ( RF) sitseavailable sur v eys in t h e fu t ur e. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it hof out802.11 requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Disadvantages Compatibility cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir cost efficient b r11b oadban d nment et w orout k sdt oor hat sdeliver speeding: access f or bu ild ings The d isad vanown t ages of -using 80 2. equip inclu deh tigh he follow and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet r ealw orld " st ar tn- tew o- er f in ish " dritesign, inst allatsion at ion, an d supt opor t in for m at ion Se e, curi t y— Alt hough secu y m echanism ar,eoper being developed sup plem ent t hef or w ireless SPs her or ganizat g out wir WANsincluding er age cur rI en t wand ir edotequiv alen t p rivion acys deploy ( WEP) in secur it door y , t h er e eless is a som ew hat gr eat ercov chan ce ofof 80 2. 11a, 1b, 802 opr iet - pryotpeople ocol n etarweorf amiliar k s. Thiswvitendor book cover s secur802 it y .1 b eing com.1pr1g, omand ised pr becau seary man h 802- .neut 11b r tal echnology

and m or e hack in g t ools are available. I nt e rf e re nce— As m ore 8 02. 1 1b APs ar e deploy ed , spect r u m congest ion an d in t er f er ence bet w een w ir eless net w or ks b ecom e m or e of an issue.

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Su pport — Most 80 2. 11 b equ ip m en t sold t oday is d esigned for low - cost in - hom e use. The level of v endor sup por t f or t h is eq uipm ent is lik ely t o b e low, especially w h en t h e equipm ent is used in an out d oor WAN env ir onm en t . Vendor s f ocus on supp ort in g t he Table of Content s equipm ent in it s int ended ( indoor LAN) u se and not in t h e out d oor WAN env ir onm en t .

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Bridged Versus Routed WANs Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Ev ery wir eless WAN is int erconn ect ed w it h a w ired net w or k t hat includes r out ing . Du rin g t h e Pub Dat e: February 26, w 200 3 design phase of y our ir eless WAN, y ou need t o det erm ine how y our W AN w ill int er operat e wit h I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 y our w ir ed n et w or k . Based on y our det er min at ions, y ou w ill select wir eless equip ment t hat eit her 2 in g only or t h at per for m s bot h b rid ging and r out ing . The f ollowin g q uest ion s can per for Pages: m s br35 idg help you decide w het her t o pu rchase w ir eless equipm ent w it h b uilt - in rou t ing or w het her t o use ext er nal rou t er s ( or perh aps, no r out er s) : I P - ba sed ne t w ork se rv ice s— What adv anced I P- based net w ork ser vices are alr eady Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. pr ov ided in y our ex ist ing w ir ed n et w or k ? Wh at I P- based net w ork ser vices w ill you need t o pr ov ide im m ed iat ely ov er you r w ireless net w ork wh en it is fir st placed in t o serv ice? What add itnion P- based ser vices such as voiceoverind - I P)ust wrill y ou er w an t t o off er lat er t o y our Lear in al sidIer t ips f rom an ex (perienced wir eless y lead w ireless net w ork user s? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Edg e rout i ng— Relat iv e t o you r exist ing cor e rou t ers, w h er e do y ou n eed edge r out in g? I f edge ou t ing oridweillprsoon e) and needed, is itwbet t er t oI nt select ir eless equ ip m en t t h at Lear nr how t o is pr (ov of it abble r eliable ir eless er net waccess includes t h is rou t ing fu nct ionalit y init ially, or is it b et t er t o select w ir eless br idges an d ad d ext er nal er s eff latect er iv b et een ment a custand om erant ' s enn w ir eless ridsgef orand t h eir LAN? Select t herou mtost ew equip a sy stbem y our ar ea Mu lt i pl e wmi re ba ck bone er l ink f y ouw ir ant icipat ew u sing m ultat iple Av oid com onlepss it falls encount eds— b y Inew eless net or k oper orsw ir eless back bone link s t o p r ovide ex t ended w ireless ar ea cov er ag e, y ou ar e m ore lik ely t o d ep loy rou t ing Minim fect sback of noise fer en ce ont hat y ourselect net wing ork w ireless equ ipm en t w it h w it hin ize t het he w iref eless bone.and Youint mer ight decide bu ilt - in r out in g is m or e pr act ical or econom ical t han using ex t er nal r out er s. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Backbone Feature Decisions

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou tone doorsupp env ir onm t dw idt h t hat y our APs d ist r ibu t e w irelessly t o you r en d user s. The Your backb lies t hen e ban follow ing sect ions descr ibe som e key d ecision s t hat y ou w ill m ak e as y ou select back bone Chent oose equipm . t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Backbone License- f r ee Capacity b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hesefir Your benefit st back s bone w it h out d ecision requ irin is gt ot hdet e use er min of eprhow od uct msu or ch serv t hr ou ices ghpput rovy ided ou need. by local Th ist elep t hr ough honeput or cable com decision ispanies. aff ect edWWANs by t he enable follow ing I ntfact er net or s: ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost keDeploy t ne eding s—LicenseHow m uch ough putWidedo you r mNet ar ket e?fA backb link t h at pr ohibMa it ivr e. Fr eet hr Wir eless Area w orskrsequir is t he ir st bookone t hat pr ov ides ser v es businesses locat ed in sev er al cit ies n eeds t o pr ov ide m or e t hr oug hpu t t h an a com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m atlink ion f or t hatI SPs ser vand es only one or t w o sm r esident areas. w ireless ot her or ganizat ionall s deploy in gialout door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

N um b er of use rs— The nu m ber of w ir eless end user s and t he nat ur e of t h eir n eeds det er min e t he am oun t of t h rou ghp ut t hat you r back bone n eeds t o p rov ide. Si m ple x v er su s dup le x ba ckb one — Back bon e eq uipm ent can be eit h er sim plex or du plex . A du plex backb one can pr ovide up t o 5 0 p er cent mor e t h rou ghp ut t han a sim plex back bone. D uplex back bone cost s ar e gener ally higher b ecause a dup lex link con t ains t w o com plet e t r ansmit t in g sy st em s an d t wo comp let e receiv ing syst em s. •

Ov er selTable li ngofraContent t io— sI n t er n et usage is b ur st y. Most I nt er net u ser s use b andw idt h I ndex int er m it t en t ly; t her ef or e, I SPs can ov er sell band w id t h kn owin g t hat n ot all user s w ill be on De pl oyall ingt Li Fr ee e lemb ss W e a Nettw or ks h ecense t im -e. Th W e irnu eri de of- Ar t imes h at y ou r esell t he sam e ban dw idt h ( y our ov ersellin g By Jack rUnger at io) af fect s t he amou nt of backb one ban dw idt h t hat y ou need . Your I SP ex per ien ce com bined w it h y our ob ser v at ion of t h e usage p at t ern s on you r net w or k help y ou det er mine ourer:bCisco est over Pubylish Pressselling rat io and y our b ack bon e band w id t h need s. •

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

WiredPages: Versus Wireless Backbone 35 2 I f econom ical w ir ed back bone con nect iv it y is av ailable at y our w ir eless AP locat ion , it m ak es sen se for y ou t o u se t hat w ir ed con nect iv it y . I f w ir ed backb one connect iv it y is not available or if t he cost is t oo h ig h, a w ireless d ist r ibu t ion sy st em is t he logical choice. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

License-Free Versus Licensed Backbone Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Aft er y ou choose t o u se a w ir eless backb one, it is im p ort an t f or y ou t o evalu at e and com par e t he Under and tw heid pt hrinciples t h atwun der lieback t h e bone oper at ionipm of all st em s t he cost and t h est band of licensed ir eless equ en t wir w iteless h t hesy cost and ban dw idt h of license- fr ee w ireless b ack bon e equipm ent . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The ad van t ages of using a license- f r ee wir eless back bone are Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid—com on pis it falls encount er ed. b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Cost Themcost gener ally lower Minim ef fect noise and int er fer en ce onmy or oure rnet w ork Av a ilaize bi lit he ty— Equ sipof m en t is gener ally available apidly . En joy t hng— e sat There isf act ion of plicen rov iding w ir eless t ern access r comm it y . Li ce nsi is no sin g cost , licenI n sin g pet aperw or kt,ooryou licen sin g dun elay actvan ice ttage h e bu inciples frused successf wire eless I SPs ( WI The dPr isad of siness u sing pr a licenseee wbiryeless b ackul bon is t hat int er ferSPs) en ce f r om ot her license- fr ee net w or ks is a possibilit y, and it is y our r esponsibilit y t o en su re t hat license- f r ee Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, equipm ent does not int er fer e w it h licensed equip ment . or ou t door env ir onm en t Giv en t h ese ad van t ages and disadv ant ag es, it m akes sense t o u se a license- fr ee w ireless Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k back bone if y ou ar e reasonab ly cer t ain t hat in t er f er ence levels ( bot h f rom ot her net w or k s and fr om Con you rduct ow nphy n etsical wor ksit ) w ably low . e ill surr em v eyain s anr eason d r ad iof r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - spVersus Dedicated eed " lastShared - m ile" w Backbone ir eless I nt er net Bandwidth access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable comback panies. enable nt erof nett hser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Wir eless boneWWANs link s can be eitIher e follow ing: deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibDedicat it iv e. Deploy ed t o ing pr ov Licenseiding only Fr eeb ack Wirbon eless e band Wide-wArea id t h. Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or SharI SPs ed bet w een backb one b ion andw idt h and m ile wir band wid WANst h. Exam ples of shar edage of w ireless and ot her or ganizat s deploy in glast out-door eless including cov er ban dw idt.1h1b, include eshand n et pr wor k siet and 02. b r epeat ers h connect user scover and s 80 2. 11a, 802 802 .1m1g, opr ary 8- pr ot11 ocol n et w or k s.t hat Thisbot v endor - neut rend al book

pr ov ide back bone con nect iv it y f or ot her APs. Heavy b andw idt h d em and s at one AP can cause slow per for m ance at ot her APs. I f possible, t r y t o avoid shar ing w ir eless link b andw idt h b et w een backb one use an d last - m ile access use. I f you choose t o sh are b ackb one ban dw idt h, you m ight f in d it necessar y t o u se addit ional rou t er s t hr ou ghout t h e backb one t o allocat e an d man age t h e band w id t h dem ands. •

Table of Content s

AP Feature Decisions • I ndex De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The list t hat follow s descr ibes som e of t he k ey decisions t hat y ou need t o m ake as y ou select By Jack Unger y our AP eq uipm ent : Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Datque e: February 26, 200 3 Your Fre ncy ba nd—

choice of fr equency b and is pr obab ly t he m ost im por t ant I SBN: 1-ent 58 705 -0 69 -2 equipm decision t hat y ou w ill m ak e. The dif fer en ce in w ir eless pr opag at ion char act Pages: 35er 2 ist ics and in t erf erence levels bet w een t h e license- fr ee band s m ean s t hat a p oor decision her e m ig ht result in an un usable net w or k . Bef or e m aking t h is decision, y ou should r ev iew t he pr opagat ion char act er ist ics of each band ( d iscussed ear lier in t his chap t er ) . You should also per for m a w ireless sit e sur v ey ( see Ch apt er 4, " Per for m ing Sit e Sur v ey s" ) t o det er min e pot ent ial in t er f er ence lev els on a f requ en cy band befor e y ou select equip ment for t hat ban d. Th e infor m at ion in Ch apt er 8 can help you if y ou f ind high levels of int er fer en ce. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. N LOS e nv i ronm e nt — I f y ou ar e con sid er ing bu yin g equ ip m en t t h at op er at es in an NLOS env iron eed an t o ex eitperienced her r ule ouwir t oreless v er ifind y tust h e rran ge claims t hat t he equ ip m en t Lear n inment sid er, tyou ips fnrom y lead er m anuf act ur er has m ade. You can do t his by v isit in g an I SP t hat has t h e eq uipm ent deploy in an en virtonm entder t hat sim ilarat( ion suchofas e sy d en Under sted and t he NLOS p rinciples h at un lie is the oper allt he wirsam eless st sit emy sof t r ees and t he sam e t yp e of obst r uct ions) t o y our s. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Mod ula t i on t y pe — Your choice of m odulat ion t y pe ( D SSS, FHSS, or pr opr iet ary ) is an im por t ant or eff in ect t heiv ult imat ement su ccess k. sChoose mea odulat ion t y pe t hat is Select t he fact m ost e equip and of antyou ennr anet sywstor em f or y oura ar com pat ible w it h t he lev el and t he t y pe of in t er f er ence in you r cover age ar ea. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 8 0 2 . 1 1 b or prop ri et a ry — Ev er y or gan izat ion n eeds t o m at ch it s bud get t o it s m ission. I f Minim efm fect s of, noise and er ferindoor en ce on y our ork ent migh t b e y our only y our bize udgt he et is odest t he low estint - cost 8 02. 1 1bnet eqwuipm choice. A som ew hat lar ger bud get allow s y ou t o choose hig her- cost 802. 1 1b eq uipm ent En e sat isffact p rov w irent eless I nabilit t ern et t o you comm un itallow y w itjoy h ext hpan ded eation ur eofand miding anag em cap ies.access An even largr er bud get s y ou t o choose fr om t he f ull r ange of wir eless equip ment . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) H ot spot use— 802 .1 1b APs deploy ed f or hot spot use sh ould be 8 02. 1x - capable t o Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80oved 2. 11 b, andit 8y 02. g equ enttomexort ern e successfully in yion ouranow hom e,inoff im plem ent im pr secur and11t o int eripm face al aut h en t icat d naccount g ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t ser v ers. Ch oose r ight or k arAPs ch itimp ect ur e fent or yen our ir eless net w k op t ion t o t he 802 .1 1b End uset rhep oll ingnet —w Some lem d uwser p olling asoran CSMA/ CA an d RTS/ CTS collision- avoidan ce mechanism s. I f you plan t o ser ve mor e t h an Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys abou t 2 5 b usy end user s f r om one AP, pollin g in cr eases y our net w ork reliabilit y and per for m ance. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ba ndw id t h m a na ge m ent — A f ew APs con t ain a ban dw idt h m anagem ent capab ilit y t hat t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or allow s you t o set band w idt h for each en d u ser link . I f t h e AP t h at y ou ch oose does not cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o include t his feat u re, consider add ing t his capab ilit y w it h an ext er nal b andw idt h m anag er . deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and arSu eas w here t raddor it ional ir ed ectt ant iv it ywis eit h er rcom plet elycuunav is cost t-o you t o pport — Ven suppwor t isconn im por hen you w ireless st omailable er s ar eorlooking pr ohibpritov iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t pr ov ides ide r eliab le I n t er net ser v ice. Talk w it h ot her w ir eless net w ork operat ors that o assess the com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for atyion av ailab ilit y of d r iv er and f ir m w ar e upg rad es, as w ell as t he r esp onse t im e and qum alit of f or w ireless I SPs her or ionvend s deploy supp ort fand rom ot t heir eqganizat uipm ent ors. in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

CPE Feature Decisions Pr ice is oft en t he t op considerat ion in t he select ion of CPE. The com pet it ion b et ween br oadban d DSL and cable I nt er net access p r ovider s has dr iv en t he cost of b road band ser v ice dow n. I t can be d iff icult for br oadban d w ir eless com panies t o com pet e at t hese low pr ice point s. For t his r eason, w ir eless p rov ider s const ant ly seek t o low er t he cost of CPE. Business users usually •un derst an d t Table of Content h at t hey need st o pay f or v alu e r eceived; in con t rast , resident ial user s oft en seek t o •pay lit t le ( or Inot ndex hin g) for t h eir CPE. Tr y n ot t o cu t t oo m any cor ner s in seek ing and d ep loy ing De ing Li cense - Frhoug ee W ir le ss W e at an Ne tw lowpl-oy cost CPE. Alt h ecost isi de im- Ar por t , or it ks is mor e im por t ant t o deploy r eliable, sup por t able, and m anag eab le net w ork s. The f ollow in g d iscussion can help you m ak e t hese cost - b en ef it By Jack Unger decisions: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub e: ess February 26,ve 200 3 WDat ir el ca rd rsus

e x t er na l ra di o- ba sed CPE— Trad it ion ally , license- f r ee b road band SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 ent -2 is mou nt ed in door s w it h a coax ial cab le ru nnin g t o t he out door wIireless eq uipm ant enn35 a.2 I n t he d riv e t o min im ize CPE cost s, w ireless I PSs of t en choose t o inst all w ir eless Pages: net w or k int er face card s ( NI Cs) in t heir cust om ers' com put er s, rat her t han pu rch ase f ull- size ( and h ig her pr iced ) w ir eless br idges or r out er s. I f you choose t o deploy NI Cs in cust om er com put er s as CPE, r ecogn ize t hat some cu st om er s m ight ex pect y ou t o pr ovide no- cost PC supp ort ind ef init ely , an d t his can b e a cost ly sit uat ion for y ou. Also, b e aw ar e t hat t he soft w ar e t ools n eeded t o ad eq uat ely m onit or t h e qualit y of t h e cust om er s' con nect ion m igh t Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. not be av ailable. This, t oo, can incr ease y our cust om er supp ort cost s and r aise y our cost s abov e t h e lev el w her e you can m ake a r easonab le pr ofit . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Se pa ra t e v er su s in t eg ra t ed r adi o a nd a nt e nna — An alt er nat iv e t o t he t r adit ional w ireless modt he el is t he in t egtrat enna m odel. educesyCPE Under st and p rinciples h atedunr adio der lieant hdeant oper at ion of all To wirreless st emcost s s and inst allat ion cost s, w ireless I SPs are n ow using ( w her ever possible) int egr at ed r adio and ant a equ mov enid t .eThese intle egrand at edr eliable u nit s com bine tIhe r adio an d t he ant en na in t o one Learenn n how t oippr pr of it ab w ir eless nt er net access plast ic or f iberg lass enclosur e t hat is m ount ed out door s in a locat ion w it h an LOS pat h t o ostegeff ect e equip ments and antend enn a sy stPC emor s fnet or ywour eaou gh eit h er an tSelect he AP.t he Themint rat edivun it connect t o t he user or k ar t hr Et h er n et cable or , in a few cases, t hr ough a univ ersal ser ial bus ( USB) con nect ion . The Avireless oid com m on p it falls ed b y new net w k operloss at ors w perf or man ce isencount bet t er er because t her w e iriseless no coax ialorcable bet w een t h e ant enna and t h e rad io. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Sp li t ra di o a rchi t e ct u re — There is one add it ion al equip ment conf ig ur at ion for y ou t o En joy at t he:e tsat p rov w irarchit eless ect I n tur ern o ides you rt hcomm un it y u nit in t o t w o evalu heisf spact lit ion ar chofit ect uriding e. Split e et actaccess ually dtiv e w ir eless ph ysical pieces: an ind oor sect ion and an out d oor sect ion. Th e indoor sect ion con t ains t he Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) low er - p ower , low er- f r eq uency cir cuit s. The out door sect ion con t ains t he higher - pow er , high er - f r eq uency cir cuit s an d m ou nt s j ust b elow t he ant en na. Split archit ect ur e p rov ides Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, t he benefit s of t h e int egr at ed r ad io and ant enn a ar chit ect u r e but also allow s a g reat er or ou t door env ir onm en t choice of ant ennas becau se t he an t en na an d rad io ar e not built int o on e un it . Split ar it ectt uhe rer is oftnet en w t he ost pensive igur ateless ion; how Chch oose ight or kmar chex it ect ur e f orconf y our w ir net wev orerk , it m ig ht be t h e best in t er ms of bot h per for m ance and flex ib ilit y . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licensef r ee Network b r oadban d wCard ir elessDecisions w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Wireless cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or Icable f you com d ecide t o deploy w irenable eless 802 11b as pr the st omer CPEand or ifcorp w irorat eless dsanager plu g in panies. WWANs I nt.er netcard ser svice ovcu ider s ( I SPs) e Icar Tm s ttoo tdeploy he AP tt hat y ou are u sin g, y ou m ust ev alu at e t he follow in g wir eless car d ch aract er ist ics: h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibTra it ivnsm e. Deploy ingOut LicenseFr ee Wir Wide-er Area w orcard k s iss tshar he f ire st booksame t hat pr ov ides it t e r— lined ear lier ineless t his chapt ; w irNet eless t hese com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t m atition char act er ist ics. Th e key char act erist ic is t r ansm it t er pow er out p ut . Th e ideal in t r for ansm t er f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of w ould hav e a p ow er out pu t of 1 00 t o 2 00 m W w it h a soft war e- config ur able pow er level. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Re cei ve r char act e ri st ics— Also out lined ear lier , t h e bet t er t h e receiv er sen sit iv it y ( w hen com bined w it h good select iv it y ) , t he bet t er y our wir eless sy st em p er f orm ance w ill b e. Ex t er na l an t en na conne ct or — An an t en na is t he k ey elem en t in any w ir eless syst em . A w ireless car d needs t o hav e a conn ect or t hat allow s an ext er nal ant enna t o b e at t ached.

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Form f act or— The m ost f requ en t ly used w ir eless card f or m fact or is PCMCI A; h ow ev er, ot her f or m fact or s ar e som et im es used. Th ese ot h er f or m fact or s includ e indu st r y - st andar d Table of Content s ar ch it ect u re ( I SA) , perip heral com pon en t in t er connect ( PCI ) , and Com pact Flash ( CF) .

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Mesh Network Feature Decisions Pub lish er: Cisco Press

You can ev aluat e m esh net w or k equip ment using t he sam e consider at ions t hat y ou do f or all PubwDat e: February 26, 200 ot her ir eless equipm ent3. Keep t he f ollowin g d iffer ences in m ind, how ever : I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

N e t w ork dep loy m ent pr oce ss— Deployin g a m esh net w or k is diff erent fr om d ep loying a point - t o- m ult ipoint net w or k. Ev er y m esh n et w or k nod e ser v es as a r epeat er and r elay p oint for ot her net w or k nod es. Nod es t hat ar e locat ed far t her aw ay f rom t he I nt er net con nect ion m ust b e r elay ed t h r ough closer n et w or k nod es. Bef ore d ist an t n odes can b e deploy ed , nod es mu st be d ep loyed closer t o t he I nt er net n ode. To p r ovide cov erag e t o an ent ir e Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. geogr aph ical area, t h e ar ea m ust b e seeded. Som e n odes m ust be in st alled init ially ev en if no en d user is available t o pay f or t h e cost of t he n ode. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Ba ndw id t h and t h rough put li m it a t ion s— Mesh net w or ks sh are backb one ban dw idt h w it h last m ile b andw idt h, w educe t h e am ount w id t hsytst o em each Under st and t he p rinciples t hhich at uncan derrlie t h e oper at ion of of all band wir eless s en d u ser . Be sur e t o fact or t h is t hr ough put limit at ion int o y our ev alu at ion p r ocess and int o you r bu sin ess plans. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ma x imtum limect i t at ult ihop nat ur e of m esh w orar ksea in cr eases n et w or k Select he mhop ost eff iv eions— equip The mentmand ant enn a sy st em s f ornet y our lat ency and r ed uces net w ork t hr ough put . You will b e limit ed t o a m axim um num ber of hop s, so bemsur factencount or t his limit int ow yirour bunet sin w ess . at ors Av oid com on ep itt ofalls er edatbion y new eless or kp lan oper Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Wireless En joy t hEquipment e sat isf act ion ofEnvironmental p rov iding w ir eless Decisions I n t ern et access t o

you r comm un it y

Rem em Pr act b erice env t hireonm bu siness ent al consider pr inciples at ions usedwbhen y successf evaluat ulinwir g weless ir eless I SPs equip ( WIment SPs): Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Ope i ng env t emirponm er atenutre ra ng e— All w ir eless equ ip m en t is d esigned t o operat e cor r ect ly or our tat door bet w een cert ain specif ied t em per at ur es. I nd oor equip ment is designed t o op er at e w it hin a nar Ch oose r ow ert he t em r ight p er at net urweor r ang k arecht han it ect out ur edoor f or yequip our wment ir eless . I fnet you w or choose k t o use indoor equipm ent out d oors, b e sur e t o p r ovide cooling f or it in t he sum m er . I n sever e w int er Con duct e sur ey s an d r ad ( RF)cesitt e v eys clim at es,phy it msical igh t sit also b ev necessary t oioadf rdeqauency heat sour o sur keep t he equip ment w ar m. Licensef r ee r oadban ir eless wu idenet w ork s ( WW pr ov id ewfast deploym entenof low Ra di o fbre que ncyd (wRF) im m nitarea y — Many m odels ofANs) br oadb and ireless eq uipm t ar e cost , not highdesig - sp eed ir eless ntlevel er netRF access. Licenseee ex w iram eless er s ned" last t o b- m e ile" usedw in a h igIhenv ir onm ent . fr For ple,t echnolog locat in g ay wdeliv ireless t heseLAN benefit w it h out requ irin g h e use of equ pr odipuct s or ided t elepthone AP sdesigned for hom e tuse in t he m en t vserv ault ices of a pmrov ount ainby t oplocal t r ansmit er sit eorcan cable lead com panies. WWANs enable I nthig er net ser er vice pr ov ider ( I SPs)y and orat e IeT dow m anager t o oper at ing failur es. The h- pow t r ansm it t ers energ can corp eit her com n t he s t o deploy t henn eir aown cost b r oadban n et wer or,kor s t hat ig h-pass speed or plast bu ildic ings ant cable an- efficient d ov er load t h e AP dr eceiv t he deliver ener gy hcan t hraccess oug h t fhe and arcase eas of w here t rad it ional ir ed iv it yion is .eit er com unavequip ailable or islike cost t he AP and disruwpt t heconn AP ect operat I f hyou planplet t o ely deploy ment t his, plan pr ohibt oit iv e. Deploy LicenseFr eef ilt Wir Area Net w or.kAlso s is tplan he f irtst bookntt hat ovinides use an ex t ing er nal ban dpass ereless in t h Widee ant enn a syst em o mou t he pr AP a com plet e, r ed eal-an w dorld " stnded ar t - t o" uipm d esign, allat atat ion, por t in foreq muipm at ionent f or shield g rou m fetinalisheq ent inst case. Asion an, oper alt ern ive,anydousup can select w ireless I SPs and her RF or ganizat ionent s deploy g out door WANsageinofa designed for ot h ighen vir onm s. Th isin eq uipm ent wir is eless usually desigincluding ned f or mcov ounert ing 80 2. 11a, 802d.119 1b, 802 m .1 et 1g, pr opr st andar - inch al and equ ipm eniet t r ary ack.- pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Amplifier Feature Decisions Wir eless net w or k oper at ors oft en add ex t er nal b idirect ional am p lif ier s t o t heir w ireless sy st ems. Ex t er nal m eans t hat t he am plifier is ex t er nal t o t h e w ireless eq uipm ent . Bidir ect ion al am plifier s act ually cont ain t w o am plif ier s: one t o am plify t he t r ansm it t er signal an d one t o amp lif y t h e •incom ing receiv Table edofsign Content als. s •

I ndex

IDe n plt he Unit ed St- at es,WFCC r egulat ions requ ir ks e t h at ex t ern al pow er am plifier s be m ar k et ed and oy ing Li cense Fr ee ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or sold on ly as par t of a com plet e legally cert if ied r adio- cable- am plifier- ant enna com b in at ion. Th e By Jack Unger pu rp ose of t his r eg ulat ion is t o m inim ize t he use of illegal over pow ered equipm ent . Ex cess t r ansm it t er pow er r aises t he noise lev el, increases in t erf er ence, and m ak es it har der f or ot her , Pubnet lish w er:orCisco legal k s t Press o op er at e cor r ect ly . Unfor t u nat ely, som e w ir eless WAN op er at or s ign ore t his Pub Dat February 26,ionally 200 3 r eg ulat ione: and int ent u se ex t ern al pow er am plifier s in v iolat ion of FCC r egulat ions. Th is behav ior I SBN: can 1- 58 result 705 -0 69 in -2heav y fin es and eq uipm ent con fiscat ion and also d ecr eases t he usabilit y of t he licenser ee Pages: f35 2 band s for ev er y one.

NO TE

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I llegal am plifier use is not t he answer t o m akin g y our WAN oper at e ov er longer dist ances. Oft en , a p ow er am p lif ier act u ally d ecr eases t h e r eceiving r ang e of you r Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er WAN. I n addit ion , using illegally h ig h t ran sm it t er p ower causes subst an t ial int er ference tUnder o ot her net wt he or kpoper at or st hwat houn arder e op legally. Finally , ifeless illegal am plifier use st and rinciples lieert at h eing oper at ion of all wir sy st em s incr eases, t he FCC m ight be f or ced t o st ep in w it h new , m or e r est r ict iv e r egulat ion s tLear hat could operat g p r iv ileg for Iev er ynet one. Resist t he ur ge t o n how redu t o prce ovlicenseid e pr offritee ab le and in r eliable w ir es eless nt er access am plify . Pr oper w ir eless net w or k desig n an d pr oper ant enn a sy st em d esign pr ov ides ySelect ou w it thhe t hm e ost besteff net per for m ance. ectwivorekequip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors The f ollow Miniminize g sect t he ions ef fect exp s of lain noise h owand ext er intnal er fer amenp ce lif ier ons ywour or k net andw ork how t o u se t hese amp lif ier s pr oper ly. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Transmit Amplification Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, On t r ansm , an ex t er or ou titdoor env ir nal onmam en plif t ier in cr eases t h e t r ansm it t er pow er t hat r eaches t h e ant enn a. This is u sef ul w hen t he pow er out pu t of t h e t r ansm it t er is low and t he cab le leng t h bet w een t he w ireless Ch oose eq uipm t heent r ight an d net t he w oran k tar ench nait ect sy st urem e f or is long. y our w Wiriteless hout net an w amp or klif ier placed at t he ant en na, t he high cable loss result s in lit t le sig nal r eaching t he an t enna. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Here is an ex am ple of t he cor r ect w ay t o u se an am plif ier . St ar t wit h a t r ansmit t er t hat h as an Licenseir eless w orkhsas ( WW ANs) e fast deploym of low out p ut off r ee 50 bmr oadban W ( + 17ddwBm) . I f tw heideantarea enn anet cable a loss of pr –1ov 4 id d Bm , t he p ow er ent reaching , high - spsyst eed em " last ir eless er net ee w ir deliv er s tcost he ant enna is- m ( +ile" 17 w dBm – 14I ntdBm ) =access. 3 d Bm License( 2 m W) fr . This iseless a lowt echnolog level of t yran sm it t hese s wpitlif h out irin t h eofuse of is pr od uct s at or tserv ices rov tided elepr each honees ort he pow er benefit . I f an am ier wrequ it h + 14g dB gain added he ant enpna, h e +by 3 dlocal Bm t that cable comispanies. WWANs enable I nt er net vice pr ov s ( I SPs) orat e I T( 50 m anager am plifier am plified by + 14 dB, result ing ser in a t ot al of ider ( 3 dBm + 14and dB)corp + 17 dBm m W) s t o cost n eted w or k s t that deliver or bu ild ings rdeploy eachin tgh teir he own ant enn a.- efficient The ampblifr oadban ier has dadd b ack he pow er t h ig athwspeed as lostaccess in t h e fant enna and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost cable. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Receiver Amplification 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

On r eceive, an ex t er nal am plifier m ount ed at t he ant enn a p er for m s t w o fu nct ions: I t h elp s t o ov ercom e t h e sig nal loss t hat occu r s in t he ant enn a cable. I t set s t h e SNR of t h e r eceiving sy st em . These t w o f unct ions can lead t o a sm all im pr ov em ent in r eceiv er perf or man ce if t he am plifier has •a g ood, low - n Table Content sI n ad dit ion, a pr oper ly desig ned an t en na sh ould be used wit h t h e oiseofd esign. •am plifier . I f tI he ndex ant en na sy st em design is p oor, t he am plif ier can act ually r ed uce t he r eceiv ing De pl oy ing cense - Fr ee .W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks r ange of Li t he sy st em By Jack Unger

Up/Down Pub lish er: Converters Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Up/ dowI SBN: n conv t er-0s69t -2 r anslat e w ireless sign als fr om on e fr equency b and t o an ot her. I f t he 2. 4 1- 58er 705 GHz band is cr ow ded in y our ar ea and t h e 5. 8- GHz ban d is less crow d ed , y ou m igh t w ant t o use Pages: 35 2 a 2 . 4- t o- 5 .8 conv ert er . Here is how t h is w ork s. Each AP an d en d u ser st at ion is equipp ed w it h a conv er t er . Then, t he f ollow ing occur s: Du ring t r ansm it , each 2 . 4- GHz t r ansmit sig nal is u pconv er t ed ( t r anslat ed u p in fr equ en cy ) Best pr plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. t oact t heices 5 .8f-or GHz b and. Du ring r eceiv e, t he 5 .8 - GHz sign al fr om t he ot her st at ion is dow n con ver t ed t o t he 2. 4- GHz Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er ban d. and 2. t he rinciples t h ent at un der lie t h e oper ion of all st em UsingUnder low er-stcost 4- pGHz eq uipm , com m unicat ion at act ually t akwir eseless p lacesy on t h es less cr ow ded 5. 8- GHz b and. Th e adv ant ag e of t his ap pr oach is t h at it usually cost s less t h an b uy ing mor e Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access exp en siv e equip ment for 5. 8 GHz. The disad van t age of t h is appr oach is t hat only a few m anuf act ur ers su pply f requ en cy con ver t ers, so you r ch oice is lim it ed. Conv er t er s need t o be Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea m ount ed at t he an t en na. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he Issues ef fect s of noise and Compatibility

int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Sever al com pat ibilit y issu es can r ed uce t he reliabilit y of you r net w or k and consum e t r oub Pr leshoot I f youprar e deploy ing ban 802 .1 1bulnet or k, never act iceing t h et im bue. siness inciples used y successf wirweless I SPs ( assum WI SPs)e t hat dif ferent br and s of w ireless car ds an d wir eless APs w ill w or k r eliably t oget her. Ev en h ard w are t hat is w ireless ( WiFi) - cer ified et11 imes h asipm fir m t w are, op erin at ing st em , and Usefidelit 8 02. 1y 1a, 80 2. 11 tb, andsom 8 02. g equ enwt are, m or esof successfully y oursyow n hom e, off ice, feat u re ences hat can or diff ou ter door envt ir onm enrtesu lt in cer t ain eq uipm ent com bin at ions t h at do not w ork t oget her . I n most cases, eq uipm ent man uf act u r er s do not cause t hese issues int en t ionally. Th er e h ave, how evCh eroose , b een t hea rf ight ew inst netances w or k ar in ch w hit ich ect ur larg e feorequipm y our went ir eless v en dor net sw or hav k e int ent ion ally cr eat ed incom pat ibilit ies t o b oost t he sales of t heir equip ment and hin der t he sale of low er - cost Con duct phy sical com pet it iv e equ ip m en t sit . e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licensef r ee w ir eless w ilit idenet w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Wat ch for t heb rf oadban olow ingdincom pat ib y area issues: cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or at i ng sy st em sof t w arIe— feat ur es ht not wor k and w it hcorp older soft v ersions, cable Ope comrpanies. WWANs enable nt erNew net ser vice prm ovigider s ( I SPs) orat e IwTarmeanager s to or t h older f eatcost ur es- efficient mig ht n ot or k in dnew sof ar e deliver ver sion hs.igThis sit uataccess ion can t h at deploy eir own b rw oadban n eter w or k st wt hat h- speed f orr equir bu ildeings ou uw pgr ad et rad all it y our ir eless eq uipm t wharere com sim ult anely eouunav sly . ailable or is cost and ary eas here ionalw w ir ed conn ect ivent it y sof is eit plet pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides N I e, C frir m wwaorld re —" st Up hav e feat es ion t h at, oper do not w ork en tpor houg h for t h ey com plet ealargr t - ades t o- f inm ishig"htd esign, instur allat at ion, anev d sup t in m atdid ion f or w or k in ear lier v er sions. NI C fir m w are mig ht w or k w hen m at ched w it h older v er sions w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er ageofofAP soft w802 ar e.1bu t n802 ot w.1it1g, h upand gr aded AP arot e ocol v er sions. 80 2. 11a, 1b, pr opr ietsoft ary w - pr n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

MA C in com pa t ib il it i es— Diff er ent br ands of eq uipm ent t hat sh ould w or k t og et her do not w or k t oget her or som e of t h e feat ur es do not w ork . N I C d riv e rs— Dr iv er s m ig ht not be av ailab le for y our OS or , if av ailable, t hey m ight not be up gr aded t o w or k w it h newer v ersions of you r OS.

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U SB— There migh t b e incom pat ibilit ies bet w een w ir eless USB d ev ices an d cer t ain PC oper at ing syst em s. Table of Content s

I ndex N e t w ork m a na ge m ent — Net w or k m anag em ent sof t w ar e and diagn ost ics soft war e can be un available or can be lim it ed in t h eir capab ilit y t o m anag e mix ed- equip ment net w or ks.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Tim i ng— Equ ip m en t t h at has t imin g d esign ed f or indoor ( sev er al h und red foot ) dist ances ight not w ork out door s at longer ( sever al m ile) dist ances. Pubmlish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Here are som e of t h e t hing s t hat y ou can do t o m inim ize t he loss of t im e and m oney caused b y I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 t hese incom pat ibilit ies: Pages: 35 2

St a nd ar diz e — As m uch as possib le, st and ar dize on one b ran d of equ ipm en t f or y our APs and y our CPE. Min im ize t h e m ixing and m at ching of dif fer en t w ir eless equipm ent br and s t hat t alk t o t he sam e AP. Usin g a dif fer en t b ran d of equ ipm en t is f ine f or w ireless b ack hau l link s; how ev er , t h e few er t y pes of AP/ CPE equipm ent t hat you u se, t h e m ore ef ficien t ly you Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. w ill be ab le t o sup por t t h at equ ipm en t an d t h e m or e reliable y our ser vice w ill be. Te stnt im e— e t o an p lan f or enoug hwir t est t im ind e b ust et ween t he Lear in sid er Be t ipssuf rrom ex perienced eless r y lead er t im e t h at y ou build an AP and t h e t ime t hat you begin serv ice fr om t h at AP. Th e m or e dissim ilar y our equip ment , t he m or e tstest t im e you n eed. t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Under and t he p rinciples Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Wireless Support Issues Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment

and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

The qAv ualit of supp rom encount wir eless er v endor v ar ies idelynet and es fat r om oidy com m onort p itf falls ed b y snew w ir w eless w orr ang k oper ors excellent t o none. I n add it ion , t echnology ch anges r apidly ; n ew sof t w ar e, new har dw ar e, new f irm w ar e, and new dr iv erMinim s const ize ant t he ly becom ef fect seofavnoise ailable. andTointmerax fer imize en ce yon oury our ch ances net w of orkreceiv ing effect iv e su ppor t , do t he follow in g: En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y React Pr sea ice rch— t h e bu Dur siness ing y our pr inciples equip ment used rbesear y successf ch pr ocess, ul wir eless b e sur I SPs e t o( vWI isitSPs) ot her or gan izat ions t hat hav e d ep loy ed t he equip ment y ou ar e consider ing. Ask t h e or ganizat ion s t o com m en t Use 80y2.of 11vb, and su 8 02. 11tg t equ t m or e successfully oury ow n por hom abou8t 02. t h e1 1a, qualit endor ppor hey ipm ar een r eceiving , includin g win ar ryant sup t . e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Re a list i c a pproa ch— There st ill is n o f ree lun ch . Be r ealist ic w it h y our supp or t Ch he r ight w or kear it ect urified e f orb y our eless net k expoose ect att ions. Younet d eserv t ochbe n ot y ourw ir v endor w hwenorequip ment pr oblem s ar e discover ed . You should r ig ht f ully ex pect t hat you r vend or w ould not discon t inue sup por t f or Con ductent phyt hat sicaly ou sit eh ave sur vpur ey schased an d r ad f r eqer, uency sur v eys equipm ; hioowev aft er( RF) y oursitwe ar r ant y p er iod has ex pir ed , it is not un reasonable f or a vend or t o char g e for sof t w are upgr ad es or new and im pr ov ed Licenser eearbe. r oadban eless ide- area w ork ANs) e fast ent low harfdw Ex pectdt w o irpay a rw easonab le net amou nt st o( WW r eceiv e apr h ov ig hidlev el ofdeploym con t inuin g vofendor cost , supp high -ort sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s . You need y our equ ipm en t v endor t o m ak e a p rof it so t hat it w ill con t inue t o be t heset her benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or e w hen you n eed it . cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy eir own cost - efficient b r er oadban d n etsup w orpor k s tt hat igailab h- speed f orbbu ings Sut hpport gr oups— A nu mb of online g roudeliver ps ar e hav le foraccess specific ranildds of and arweas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ireless eq uipm ent . Find a d iscussion g rou p for y our eq uipm ent an d join it , if possib le, pr ohibeven it iv e.befor Deploy eless Areayou Netr wen ordk suser is ts, heand f ir stt hbook pr ov ides e ying ou Licensepur chaseFryee ourWir equ ip mWideen t . You, e en ttirhat e indust r y w ill com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or benefit fr om t his helpf ul an d f r iend ly sh ar in g of in for m at ion. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

Why is it im por t ant t o v isit an act ual d ep loym ent sit e b ef or e y ou p ur ch ase w ir eless Table of Content s equipm ent ? I ndex

De pl oy ing - Fr ee rom W ir eagn le sset Wic i dewav - Ar ees a Ne tw orw kse 2 : Li cense The elect t hat

call w ireless ex ist at w hat lay er of t he sev en -

By Jack Ungerlay er OSI r ef er ence m odel?

3:

How is a pack et lik e a ham bu rg er san dw ich ?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

4:

Why does a w ir eless net w or k need a big MAC?

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2eless 5 : Wir

6:

band w idt h and w ireless t hr ough put ar e t he sam e t h in g. Tr ue or false?

The com m unicat ions r an ge un der NLOS condit ions is about t he sam e as t h e com mu nicat ion s r ange und er LOS con dit ions. Tr ue or f alse?

: ices DSSS uipm entand h ops f r om mfren equency t o frband equency . Tr ue or false? Best pr7act f oreq plan ning deploy t of br oad WWANs. 8 : Ot h er t hing s being eq ual, t h e high er t he dat a r at e, t he shor t er t h e comm un icat ion s Lear ndist in sid ance. er t ips Tr ue f rom or fan alse? ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under and st t he aterf unerence der lie ft rom h e oper athion sy sttem 9 : Ist f you ar tp rrinciples eceiv ing t h int anot er nofetall worwir k , eless t h e best h insg t o do is t o get an am p lif ier . Tr ue or false? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 1 0 : Any 8 02. 1 1b eq uipm ent wor k s w it h any ot h er 802. 1 1b eq uipm ent . Tr ue or false? Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 7. Installing Outdoor Wireless Systems •The cor r ect inst Table of Content s door w ir eless sy st ems is vit al t o r eliab le net w ork operat ion . I n allat ion of out •br oad t erm s,I ndex t h e t hr ee st ages of successf ul in st allat ion ar e as f ollow s: De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Plannin g an d pr ep arat ion

PubI lish Cisco nster: allat ionPress Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Test in g1- 58 an705 d ver ion I SBN: -0 69ificat -2 Pages: 35 2

This chap t er pr ov id es in for m at ion and guidan ce for y ou as y ou plan an d in st all you r out d oor w ireless eq uipm ent an d ant enna syst em s.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Preparing for Outdoor Wireless Installations Successfu lly in st alling out door w ir eless eq uipm ent requ ires, m or e t han any t hin g, a con sist ent and eff icient inst allat ion p rocess. Th at p rocess inclu des t he follow in g com pon en t s. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Planning De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Plan you r inst allat ion p rocess t o b e as consist ent as p ossible f rom inst allat ion sit e t o in st allat ion sit e. I n st allat ion s sh ould be as sim ilar t o each ot her as possible. Tr y t o u se t he sam e: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

WI SBN: ir el ess e qui pm 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 e nt — Have on e or t w o basic cu st omer p rem ises equ ip m en t ( CPE) pack ages ( such as one p ack age f or a sin gle- PC end user and one packag e for a m ult iple- PC Pages: 35 2 end user) . The f ew er end user pack ages, t he low er you r inv ent or y and supp ort cost s. Cab le — Use only a few t yp es of cable. On e t y pe could be 0 .4 - inch ( 1 cm ) diamet er coax and t h e second t y pe could be ou t door Cat eg or y 5 ( Cat 5) Et h er net cab le. Using few er cab le t y pes r ed uces you r inv en t or y, t ool, t r aining, and con nect or cost s. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. An t en nas— Use only a few CPE an t enna packag es. Pack age 1 m ight be a + 8- d Bi panel ant enn a f or end user s w it h in 1 m ile ( 1. 6 km ) of you r access point , pack age 2 m ig ht be a Lear in sid er t ips roma an perienced ind( ust lead + 14 -ndBi p anel antfenn f orex users w it h in wir t w eless o m iles 3 .2r yk m ) ofery our access p oint , an d pack age 3 m ight be a + 21- d Bi par abolic an t en na for end user s locat ed bet w een 2 m iles Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s ( 3. 2 k m) and 5 m iles ( 8 k m ) f rom you r access poin t . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Te st t e ch niq ues— Use one t est t ech nique t o v er if y t he p er f orm ance of y our p oint - t o- p oint link s. Repeat t h e same basic t est at v ar ious locat ions t h rou ghou t t h e cover age ar ea of each Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea point - t o- m ult ipoint sect or t h at y ou inst all. Sev er al sugg est ed t est s ar e d escr ib ed at t he end of t his com chapmt on er. p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Av oid D ocum ent at ef i on— t h e sam accesspoint docum Minim ize t he fect sUse of noise ande int er fer en ce on y our ent netatwion ork pr ocess ( and docum ent at ion pap er w or k) for each access- point sect or t h at y ou in st all. Use t he sam e CPE d ocu m en t at ion pr each cust inst allatw ion. Enocess joy t h feorsat isf act ionom of er p rov iding ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Collaboration Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and

8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t I n a per fect w or ld, 1 00 per cent of t he in st allat ion det ails w ould be d ecided dur ing t he sit e sur v ey pr ocess, w ell tin ance t he actchual inst . The u al net w orwldoris Ch oose headv r ight netof w or k ar it ect ur allat e f orion y our w iract eless k st ill a few per cen t age point s shor t of being per fect ( q uit e a few p oin t s shor t , act ually ) ; t h er efor e, inst aller s of t en find t hat tCon hey duct n eedphy t o sical m ak esit som e sur e inst v ey sallat an dion r ad decision io- f r eq uency s dur ing ( RF) t h esit act e sur ual vinst eysallat ion pr ocess. The inst aller mu st becom e a collabor at or w it h t he p er son wh o p er for m ed t he sit e sur vey ( p er hap s r ee b r oadban d weirpeless w idenet s ( con WWt ANs) yLicenseou ar e fon e and t he sam er son) andarea con st ru w ctork iv ely r ibut eprt oovf id ill einfast t h edeploym det ails tent hat of t helow costson , high eeding " last ir eless er net License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s per p er- sp f orm t he- m sitile" e suwrv ey didI nt not addraccess. ess. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Safety Training and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Safet y t e, rainin gw isorld r equ" st ir ed ion per nel. t r ainin g shou ld cov allfort he com plet r ealar t for - t o-all f in in ishst"allat d esign, instson allat ionThe , oper at ion, an d sup porert in m at ion f or follow ingI:SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

H e igh t a w ar en ess— This includes h eigh t s and t h e possib ilit y of b ein g in jur ed or disabled by w or k ing abov e t he gr ound . Tow er sa fe t y— I f y our com pan y exp ect s y ou t o d o t ow er w or k, it should t r ain you in t ow er clim b in g t echn iq ues and t ow er r escue t echn iq ues.

• •

Gove rnm e nt re gul at ions— These ar e Feder al and St at e Occup at ional Saf et y and Healt h Adm inist r at ion ( OSHA) r ules and r egulat ions. Table of Content s

ndex P er sonIal pr ot e ct i on e qu ipm e nt — Hat s, boot s, eye pr ot ect ion, glov es, sun scr een , equ ipm en t ar e all essen t ial.

De pl oyring Li cense - Fr eeitW e leand ss W ot i deher - Ar eper a Ne tw or adiat ion mon orirs, son alkspr ot ect ion By Jack Unger

H oist i ng t echn iqu es— This inv olves u sing ladd er s, r opes, and pu lley s safely. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Mi crow av e sa fe t y t e chn iq ues— This inv olves av oiding t he in ju ry cau sed by ex cessiv e exp osu re t o m icrow av e r adiat ion fr om an t en na sy st em s.

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

W Pages: ea t he 35 2r re st ri ct i ons— The w eat her condit ions sh ould cau se you t o st op w or k in g and t ak e shelt er . You shou ld st op w ork and go in sid e w hen it is r aining, sn ow in g, ligh t ning , and w hen t her e are high w inds.

Best pr act ices f or planUse ning and deploy m en t of br oad band Availability and of Proper Tools

WWANs.

The p r oper t ools ( por t ab le dr ills, han d t ools, lad ders, r op es, b ucket s, safet y equ ip m en t , and so Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er on) need t o be av ailable t o all inst allat ion p er sonnel. I n addit ion , t r aining needs t o be pr ov ided in t heUnder safe and sk tillful of allt h t ools. agers are r at esponsible f or eless bot h sy pr ov iding st and he p use rinciples at unMan der lie t h e oper ion of all wir st em s t he necessar y t ools and v erif yin g t h at t rainin g h as been com plet ed. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m Work ost eff ectAttitude iv e equip ment Professional

and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A p r ofessional in st aller d oes m or e t h an j ust collabor at e w it h t he p er son w ho p er f orm ed t he sit e sur vey . He ize int ert he actef s fect w it hs man y people aner d fer n eeds anwdork t o ex pr ess t h e follow ing: Minim of noise and int en cet oonpossess y our net En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Posi t iv e a t t it u de — A const r uct ive, p osit iv e, can- do appr oach t o solvin g t he pr oblem s t hat can ing inst allat ion Pr actoccur ice t hdur e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) P er son i nt e80 ra2. ct11 i on i ll s— anen dw illingn ess t o w ork in in yaour respect fu l,ice, Use 8 02.al1 1a, b, sk and 8 02.The 11 gabilit equ yipm t m or e successfully ow n ful, homhelp e, off and fashion or ouf riend t doorlyenv ir onm w enitth cust om ers, f acilit y m an agers, inst allat ion cr ew m em ber s, ot her t r ades people, cit y em ployees, and ot her s w ho are in volv ed in v ariou s aspect s of t he Ch oose inst allattion he pr ight r ocess net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Re sponsib Con duct phyilisical t y —sit A ewsur illinvgness ey s ant do raccept ad io- f rreq esponsibilit uency ( RF) y for sit et he sursuccessfu v eys l com plet ion of each inst allat ion job License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , At high t e -nt spi eed v ene" last ss—- m The ile"abilit w ir eless y t o rI em nt erain netfocused access.on Licenset h e detfrails ee wofir eless t he j ob, t echnolog t he dy nam y deliv ics er ofs t heseper benefit son als int w iter h out act ion, requand irin gt hteh eadher use of ence pr od t ouct safseorw ork servpr ices actpices rov ided and hab by local it s t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Verifying the Installation Documentation A sit e sur v ey , p rop er ly p er for m ed in adv ance of inst allat ion, sh ould su pply y ou w it h all t he inf orm at ion show n in Table 4 - 2 of Ch apt er 4, " Per for m ing Sit e Sur v ey s." This in for m at ion is sum m arized her e: •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

ipm e nt locat i on— locat ion w ks h er e De pl oyEqu ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss WThe i de - Ar e a Ne tw or

t h e m ain w ir eless equipm ent w ill be locat ed .

By Jack Unger

An t en na m ount i ng loca t ion— The locat ion an d t he m oun t ing met h od f or t h e ant enna syst em .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub An Dat t en e: February na a li gnm 26, 200 en3 t

i nf or m at i on— The ant en na d ir ect ion an d t he up t ilt or d ow nt ilt an gle,

ifI SBN: any .1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Cab lin g det ai ls— The cable t y pe, r out e, an d b uilding ent r y poin t . Ground in g l oca t i on— The gr oun ding w ir e t y pe, r out e, and gr oun d con nect ion poin t locat ion. Best pr Equ activ ices al en f ort Iplan sot rop ningicand R adi deploy a t ed m Pen owt eofr (brEIoad RPband ) ca lcul WWANs. at i on— The equiv alen t p ow er t hat w ill be r adiat ed fr om t he ant enn a. You need t o r ecalculat e t h is lev el and v er ify t hat t he Fed er al Com mu nicat ion s Com m ission ( FCC) pow er lim it s w ill n ot b e ex ceeded. See Tables Lear n 2 in,sid t ips f rom an er ex 6, perienced ind ust ing r y lead er 6- 1 , 6aner d 63 in Ch apt " Evalu atwir in geless and Select Wireless Equip ment ," for a sum m ary of t he legal p ower lev els. Table 7 - 1 p r ovides sever al exam p les of EI RP Under st ion ands tfor he point p rinciples t hltatip un dersylie t h es.oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s calcu lat - t o- mu oint st em Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

7 -1 Equencount iv al enertedI sot r opic Radinet at wed e rors Ex am p le s Av oidTab comle m on p it. falls b y new w ir eless or kPow oper at Minim Tra nsm it tize e r t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Out put Pow e r P ow e r Ga i n or Re sult i ng An t en na Re sult i ng En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Le v el Loss Pow e r Le ve l Gai n EI RP

Le ga l? ( Y es or N o)

Prtact used b+y29successf eless 1 Wat ( +ice 30 t h e bu siness 3 ft ( 1 pr minciples ) of sm all dBm ul wir Ant enn aI SPs w it h( WI+SPs) 35 dBi Yes dBm ) diam et er coax wit h a g ain of + 6 Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 11alb,ofand 8 02. successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, a 2. t ot –1 dB of11 g equ ipm en t m or edBi or ou t door env irloss onm en t oose t he r ight w or kwar or ydBm our w ir eless net wa or 10 0 Ch mW ( + 20 Amnet plifier it hchait ect ur e+f34 Ant enn w kit h + 42 dBi dBm ) gain of + 14 dB a g ain of + 8 Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) dBi sit e sur v eys

No

License25 m W f (r + ee1 4b r oadban Am d plifier w ir eless w itw h idea area+net 28 wdBm ork s ( WWAnt ANs) ennpraov w id it he fast + 36deploym dBi ent Yes of low cost dBm , high ) - sp eed " last gain - m ile" of +w14 ir eless dB I nt er net access. Licensea g ain fr ee of w+ir8eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv dBi ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Installing Tower-Mounted Antenna Systems On ly pr operly t rained per son nel should per for m t ow er w or k . I f you r comp any chooses not t o t r ain it s em ploy ees t o per for m t his w or k, it needs t o con t r act t his w or k t o pr oper ly t r ain ed an d pr oper ly insur ed an t en na in st aller s. The cont r act ed in st allers sh ould use pr oper climb ing and •hoist ing t oolsTable of ely Content t o saf in stsall, repair , or m od if y y our t ow er - m ount ed ant enn as. I f y our com pan y •chooses t o obI ndex t ain t ow er t r aining f or y ou, y our t rain in g n eeds t o t each you t h e pr oper t ools, De pl oy ing es, Li cense Wices ir e le ss de -wh Ar een a Ne ks all t ow er- m ou nt ed an t enna sy st ems. t echniqu an d- Fr p ee r act t o Wuise ytw ouorinst By Jack Unger

The g oal of ant en na sy st em in st allat ion is t o saf ely in st all t he p rop er ant enna ( t he an t enna w it h t he cor r ect dir ect iv it y, gain, w in d- loading , and app ear ance) h ig h en ough of f t he gr oun d t o Pub lish er: Cisco Press pr ov ide a reliable line- of- sigh t ( LOS) sign al pat h . The an t en na mu st r em ain in t he air , Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 w eat herp r oofed, an d p oint ed in t h e pr oper dir ect ion ind ef init ely . Th e w ireless equ ipm en t , all I SBN:ect 1- 58 69 -2 ent , an d all nearb y people an d b uildings mu st also be pr ot ect ed fr om ot her conn ed705 eq-0uipm Pages: 35 2age, ph ysical dam age, an d in ju ry . light n ing dam

Working in High-RF Environments Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I nst aller s w ho do ant enna inst allat ion w or k on pr e- exist ing t ow ers h ave one adv ant age and one disadv ant ag e w hen com par ed t o inst allers w h o do only n ont ow er ant enn a inst allat ion wor k . The adv ant ag en is t hater t ow ant enn allers d owir n ot u suind allyust h ave t o weror r y about inst allin g t he Lear in sid t ipserf rom an aexinst perienced eless r y lead t ow er. Tow er in st allat ion includes d esignin g t h e t ow er, diggin g a hole f or t he base, in st alling t h e base Under an d t hst e and gu y-t w anchor s,t h erat ectun ing ow sect g t hesy gustyem w ires, and heir e p rinciples dert he lie tt h e er oper at ions, ion ofinst all allin wir eless s inst alling t he t ow er gr ou nding sy st em . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The d isad van t age t h at t ow er an t en na in st aller s hav e t o face is t hat t hey of t en m ust w ork in h ig hint ensit y r adiorequ env iron m enand t s. Hig RFa env incluarde Select t he f m osten effcyect( RF) iv e equip ment anthenn sy stiron em ment s f or sy our eacom m er cial AM, FM, and t elev ision b road cast st at ion t r an sm it t ing sit es. I n env iron ment s lik e t h is, it is necessar y t o Av boid p it falls encount ed bt he y new w ir eless net w or kel.oper at ors pr ot ect ot hcom t hemwon ir eless eq uipm ent erand inst allat ion personn Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h eRadiation bu siness pr inciples successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Microwave Won'tused Killb yYou…Immediately Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Som et im es, y ou m igh t n eed t o w or k in high RF env ir onm ent s such as bu ild in g or ou t door env ir onm en t r ooft op s w it h t ran sm it t ing an t en nas f or fiv e or t en dif fer en t w ir eless ser v ices. When y ou w or k in t hese env ir on ment s, y ou need t o t ak e t he sam e p recaut ions t o pr ot ect Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k y our self t hat t ow er per son nel m ust t ake. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Protecting Personal cost , high - spYour eed " last - m ile" wSafety ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cablelon The com g- tpanies. er m healt WWANs h ef fectenable s of exp I nt osu er net re t oser h ig vice h an prdovlow iderlev s (els I SPs) of micr and ow corp ave orat rade iat I Tion m anager ar e nots t o deploy fu lly kn tow h eir n or own und cost er st- efficient ood. Cont b r oadban ov er sy w d ill n etprwobably or k s t hat condeliver t in ue f or h igah-n speed um ber access of y earf soru bu nt ilildwings e (and hu maran eas g uinea w herep ig t rad s) it can ional sayw conclusiv ir ed connely ect iv t hitat y is ex eit posur h er ecom t o micr plet ely ow ave unavr adiat ailable ionorisis( or cost is -n ot ) pr ohib har m fuitl ivt oe.our Deploy healt ing h.LicenseUn t il m ore Fr eeisWir kneless ow n, Widey ou shArea ould Net pr act w or ice k spis ru tdent he f iravoidan st book ce. t hat Thpr isov mides ean s tcom hat plet y oue,shr ealouldwact orldt o" st b earaw t - t ar o- ef inofishsou " drces esign, of inst RF rallat ad iation ion, oper and at intion, en t ionally an d suplim poritt any in forand m atall ion f or w ireless un necessar I SPs y ex and posur ot her e t oorRF ganizat ener gy ion. sFollow deploy ing in garout e some door way wir eless s t o do WANst his:including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Use ex t ern al ant enn as on w ireless d ev ices ( su ch as w ir eless card s in you r lapt op or y our cust om er ' s lapt op) w henev er p ossible. Keep as m uch dist ance as p ossible b et w een y our self an d t ran sm it t ing an t en nas. Do not get in fr ont of a d ir ect ional t r ansm it t ing ant enn a w hen t he t ran sm it t er is on .

• •

Tur n off all t ran sm it t er s w hen you ar e not using t hem . ( Th is in clu des cell p hones; t h ey t r ansm itTable ev en hen you ar e not m akin g a call. ) of w Content s I ndex

I f you w or k in a w ir eless lab, use a nonr ad iat in g " dum m y load" w henever possible du rin g t he t est ing of w ir eless t r ansmit t in g eq uipm en t .

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Use a headset on y our cell ph one; t h en place t he cell p hone as far as p ossible aw ay f r om ourer:bCisco ody .Press Pubylish Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Av oid m ak ing fu n of p eop le ( lik e m e) w ho t ell y ou t h at ex posur e t o w ir eless ener gy can I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 cause healt h risk s. Sur e, healt h n ut s lik e m e could t ur n out t o be wr on g, bu t on t h e ot her Pages: han d, 35 ar2e y ou w illing t o bet t h e healt h of you r unb orn childr en on it ? Now , please… Tur n of f y our p ock et or b elt - car r ied cell phon e w hen it doesn't absolut ely need t o be on. ( Th e w orld w on' t end if y ou p ick u p you r cell p hone m essag es fr om v oicem ail ever y 30 m inut es. ) Play it saf e.

Mon oract and limit exp osu t o h ig m h en RFt lev Per sonalWWANs. RF m onit or s ar e av ailab le t hat can be Best itpr ices f or you planr ning andredeploy of els. br oad band w or n on y our b elt . These mon it ors pr ovid e an audible w ar ning w hen RF lev els ex ceed saf et y t hr esholds. Som e pr odu ct s also cont inuou sly log RF ex posur e levels. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I f you r job r esp onsibilit ies r equir e y ou t o w or k r eg ular ly in h ig h- RF en vir onm ent s, y our saf et y and t he rinciples t h atmun der t h e yoper ionpany of all stam em sshou ld in clud e t ools Under shou ldstinclud e apper sonal RF onit orlie , and our at com ' s wir saf eless et y prsy ogr bot h RF saf et y t r aining and RF ex posur e- lev el m onit or ing. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access I f you r per son al m onit or in dicat es t hat y our RF ex posur e is t oo h igh, you m ight need t o r eq uest Select t he iv es be equip ment and a sy off st em s f orenou y our ea y ou t o com plet e t hat one or m oremtost raneff smect it t er scheduled t o ant b e enn t ur ned long gharfor y our inst allat ion w ork . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Protecting the Wireless Equipment

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Just as hu man s m ight be inj ur ed b y exp osu re t o hig h lev els of w ir eless energ y, w ir eless Pr ent act ice e bu bsiness inciples b ypor successf wirm eless I SPs ( WIeless SPs) eq uipm ent t hat is equipm cant halso e dampr aged, eit hused er t em ar ily orulper anent ly . Wir inst alled in high - RF locat ions needs t o be p r ot ect ed w it h b andp ass f ilt er ing . Band pass filt er in g 1 1a, 80t2. b, and 8 02. 11 bg and equ RF ipmener en t m e successfully y ourreceiv ow n hom off ice, at t enuUse at es8 02. ( redu ces) he11level of out - ofgyorand pr ot ect s w irineless ers fre,om or ou t door env ir onm en t being ov er loaded and desen sit ized, w it h a cor r espon ding decr ease in t heir abilit y t o receiv e w eak signals. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Tower Equipment-Mounting Scenarios

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost high - spt im eed " last ile"need w ir eless net Licenset echnolog y deliv er you s Most, of t he ew hen- m you t o d oI nt a er t ow er access. - m ount ed ant en fr naeeanwdir eless equ ipm en t inst allat ion, tar hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or e inst allin g access point ( AP) equ ip m en t r at her t h an CPE eq uipm ent . Figur e 7- 1 illust r at es t he cable panies. WWANs ntgercon netfigur ser vice ider ( I SPs) t hr ee com t y pical AP equ ipm en tenable - m ountI in at ionprs,ovwh ichs ar e as fand ollowcorp s: orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohibMou it iv e. Deploy Fr ee Wir eless Net w or s st isem t heou f irtst t hate pr nt ing t heing wirLicenseeless equip ment insideWidean d Area t h e ant enn a ksy sidbook e ( Figur 7- ov 1 a)ides . com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless MouI nt SPs ingand t heotwir her eless or ganizat equip ment ion s deploy out side, in gbout elow door t hewir anteless en na, WANson t he including t ow er ( Figur cov ereage 7- 1of b) . 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Mou nt ing t he wir eless equip ment inside of t h e ant enn a it self . This conf igur at ion is comin g int o w id er use, especially for CPE ( Figur e 7- 1 c) .

Figu r e 7 - 1 . I n si de / O u t side Equ ip m en t - M oun t in g Con fi gur a t i ons •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Mounting Wireless Equipment Inside

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

At su bm ficr owbav e fr equencies ( below 00 MHz) w irs eless equipm t r aditdeploym ionally m ount Licenser ee r oadban d w ir eless w ide-10 area net w,ork ( WW ANs) pr ent ov idis e fast ent of ed low inside t h e buildin g or in sid e a special equipm ent shelt er ( v ault or hu t ) . Coax cab le t hen ru nser s cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv out side, u p t he er, requ and tirin o tg het hant enn of a. pr The equip ment inside, pr ot ect ed hone f r om or t he t hese benefit s wtitow h out e use od wir uct eless s or serv ices p rovisided by local t elep w eat her, and accessib le for m aint enan ce and ser v icing . The on ly disadv ant age of m ou nt ing t cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anagerhe s to equipm is t h- eefficient t r ansmit sig nal t d hat iswlost t h e deliver coax cab leh-r unn in gaccess f r om t he ent deploy tent h eirinside own cost b r oadban n et or k sint hat h ig speed f or eq buuipm ild ings tand o t he an t en na antdrad t he r eceiv sig nal t hect at iv isitlost e coax ru nning f rom t he an ar eas w here it ional weir ed conn y is in eit thher com plet ely unav ailable ort en is na costt o- t h e equipm ent . At sub micr ow ave f r eq uencies, t h is is not a serious pr oblem; how ev er , in licensepr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hatt he pr ov ides fr ee m icr ow av e fr equency b ands, t h is sig nal loss becom es h igh. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Mounting Wireless Equipment on the Tower I n t he 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz licen se- f ree b ands, w ir eless equipm ent is oft en m ount ed out side t o ov er com e t he h igh coax ial cable signal loss. Th e w ireless equ ipm en t is m oun t ed as close t o t he ant enn a sy st em as possib le—n orm ally on t he t ow er , j ust below t h e ant enn a. The equ ipm en t is connect ed t o t he ant enna w it h a shor t ( 3 f t or 1 m ) jum p er cab le. A var iat ion of t his conf ig ur at ion is t o m oun t t h e w ireless equ ipm en t inside t he w ir eless ant enna. The n onw ireless •equipm ent por Table Content s t o t he net w or k equip ment ( inside, on t he g r ound) w it h out door t is ofcon nect ed •r at ed CAT5 Et I ndex her net cable. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Installing Rooftop-Mounted Antenna Systems Most of y our inst allat ion w or k consist s of in st alling r ooft op- m ount ed ant enn a sy st em s at cust om er locat ions, b ot h businesses an d r esid en ces. The in st allat ion includes t h e follow ing st ep s: •

Table of Content s

• 1.

BuildingI ndex a base on t he r oof f or t he an t en na mast

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

2 . I nst allin g and w at er pr oof ing t he an t en na

By Jack Unger

3 . At t aching t h e cable and w eat herp roof ing t he con nect ion Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e: February 3 aim ing t h e ant enn a 4 .PubRaising t he m26, ast200 and I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

5 . Ru Pages: nning 35 2t h e cabling t o t h e equipm ent 6 . I nst allin g lig ht ning p rot ect ion, in clud ing gr ound ing t he m ast an d cab le 7 . Test in g t he com plet ed inst allat ion Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. 8 . Docum ent ing bot h t he inst allat ion an d t he t est ing r esult s Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er The f ollow in g sect ions pr ov ide m or e det ail in each of t hese ar eas. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Building the Roof-Mounted Antenna Base Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea All r oof- m ou nt ed an t enna m ast s need a base t hat holds t hem in p lace. I deally, t he m ast b ase should nonm penet in g encount t yp e; noerholes ouldw be d rilled t he roof at t oors m ount or secu re t he Avbe oida com on prat it falls ed b yshnew ir eless netin w or k oper base. A n onpenet r at ing base p rev en t s leaks in t he roof caused by im perf ect ly sealed n ails or ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork scr ewMinim s. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

NO TE

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, ou t door ir onm Ior f you u se aenv w allmouen ntted mast or a sm all dish- t y pe ant enna m ount , you can disregar d t his an t enna- b ase sect ion. Use t he ap pr opr iat e w all- mou nt ing har dw ar e t o at t ach you r Ch oose heoun r ight orall. k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k ant enn a tm t t onet t hew w Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Sever al com mer cial m ast bases ar e available; h ow ev er, m ost inst allat ion s can be don e using a cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s base t h at y ou can b uild y our self . This low er s t he ov er all cost of t he inst allat ion. To bu ild y our t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ow n flat - r oof base, use t w o 5- ft lengt h s of pr essur e- t r eat ed 4 x 4 lum ber and do t he follow in g: cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and eas wt he here w ir ed y is ually eit h ert ocom elyand unav ailable or in is acost 1 . arRaise t wtorad 4 it x ional 4 pieces of conn lum bect er iv initdivid t h eplet r oof place t hem T shape. pr ohibCon it ivnect e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov t hem u sin g on e T- shaped br acket an d t w o r ight ang le br ack et s, as show n in ides Figur e com plet e, r ealorldst "em st aroft - tt od esign, inst ion ,eoper at ion, d sup forfm ion of f or 7- 2 . Align wt he hef in T ish t o "poin t t ow ar d allat t he edg of t he r oofan and t owpor ar dt in t he aratend w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of t he wir eless link . 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Figu r e 7 - 2 . Bui ldi ng a Fla t - Roof M a st Ba se

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

TI P

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys I f you n eed t o m oun t an ant en na b ase over t h e peak of a r oof inst ead of on a flat oof, can dstwillir ueless se t he w ooden T bw ase. t heANs) leg of heidTe an d posit ion tent h e cut License- f rree b ryou oadban w idearea net ork Cut s ( WW pr tov fast deploym of low ereed t he" last p eak t h ew ir r oof. Use igh taccess. - angle bLicenser ack et (frh ee amm it sligh t ly flat yt odeliv er s cost , highov - sp - mofile" eless I ntaerrnet w irereless t echnolog m atschwtithe angrequ le ofirin t he ) t oofconnect o cuices t pieces. t hese benefit h out g tpheak e use pr od uctt sheort wserv p rov ided by local t elep hone or 2 . Place a 5 - ft tWWANs all t r ipodenable on t opI nt ofer t he of pr t he ase. ar ound un t ile each of t h e s t o cable com panies. netcen sert er vice ov bider s (Move I SPs) itand corp orat I T m anager t hrt hee t he- efficient t r ip od is bcent er ed d onn et t op ofkone of deliver t he t hr ee of t he base.f or Usebuone or deploy eirlegs ownofcost r oadban w or s t hat h iglegs h- speed access ild ings o 1w . 5incht rad ( 4 cm ) larw g ir e-ed d iam et er s t oplet at tely achunav eachailable of t he or t r ipod feet and art weas here it ional conn ecthex iv it yhead is eitscr h erewcom is cost - t o t he pr ohibwitood iv e. base. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or 3 . RemI SPs ove and t he screw h olding t he od legintghat t owar d tWANshe ot her end of cov t he er w age ir eless w ireless ot her or ganizat iontsrip deploy outpoint doors wir eless including of link . 802 Hinge t he802 t r ipod n un t il itietisary h orizon t al on 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, .1 1g,dow and pr opr - pr ot ocol n ett he w orr oof k s. .This v endor - neut r al book cover s

4 . I nser t t he m ast com plet ely int o t he t r ipod, and t hen place a t ool buck et ( or ot h er obj ect ) un dern eat h t h e m ast t o su ppor t it in a p osit ion r aised appr ox imat ely 1 5 d eg rees fr om hor izont al.

• Table Content s Installing theofAntenna •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense W irise le i de - Arand e a Ne or ks When y our m ast- Frbee ase prssepWared ytw our m ast

inst alled, y ou ar e ready t o at t ach and connect

yByour t en na. D o t his as follow s: Jackan Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press

1 . Lig ht ly t igh t en t h e t r ip od scr ew s so t hat t hey k eep t he mast fr om r ot at ing inside t h e t r ipod. Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: -0 69 -2 ion of t h e m ast ju st enoug h t o m ak e r oom t o at t ach t h e ant enn a ont o 2 . Ex t end1-t58 he705 t op sect 2 tPages: he t op35sect ion of t h e m ast . At t ach t he an t en na t o t he mast and t ight en t h e ant enna har dw ar e w ell so t h at t h e ant enn a w ill not t ur n on t he m ast in a st r ong w ind .

3 . I nst all any mast - m oun t ed equ ip m en t such as am plifier s or fr equ en cy conv er t er s on t h e m ast , ju st below t h e ant enn a. I f you need t o m oun t n onw at erp roof equ ip m en t on t he mast ( such as indoor a b deploy andp ass filtter) y ou can useWWANs. an appr op riat e Nat ion al Elect rical Best pr act ices f or planCPE ningorand m en of br oad band Man ufact ur er 's Associat ion ( NEMA) box . NEMA b oxes ar e w at er pr oof and pr ev ent m oist u re fr om rain or snow fr om dam ag in g t he equip ment . Lar ger har d war e st or es should hav e sev ernalinsizes ailable. Lear sid er av t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under t he ptrinciples h at unIder lie ar t hee using oper atmion eless st em 4 . At t achstt and he cable o t he anttenna. f y ou astof - mall ou wir nt ed equsy ipm en ts, conn ect t he cable t o t he equ ip m en t and conn ect a shor t coax j um per b et w een t h e equipm ent and t he Lear n how ant enn a. t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Waterproofing the Connections and the Equipment Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Becau se wat er r u ns dow n war d , y ou shou ld, w henev er possib le, m oun t t h e equipm ent in a En joy e sat isft act of p rov w irbeless ern etr educes access ttheir o you commeun posit ion t hatt hplaces he ion connect or siding on t he ot t omI n. tThis exr posur t oitryain and snow . The su ggest ions in t he sect ion s t hat follow w ill b e helpfu l as y ou com p let e y our w at er pr oof in g. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

Using Loops or Drip ou t door env ir onm en t

oose t he rju ight net weort khearpoint ch it ect e ef or y our w ir eless netor w or Mak e Ch a dr ip loop st befor w ur her each cable connect atkt ach es t o an ant enn a and t o any p iece of m ast - m ount ed equipm ent . A dr ip loop ex t ends b elow t he conn ect or / equipm ent Conand ductprphy sical ey sr unn an dinr g addow io- f rneqt he uency ( RF) ju nct ion ev ent s wsit ateersur f r vom cable an dsitinet osur t hveeys eq uipm ent . Figur e 7- 3 show s a dr ip loop. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Figu r e 7 - 3 . Dr i p Loop deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Applying Waterproofing Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea SeverAv al oid pr odu ct m s and odu ct com binat iv elynet seal dooratcable com on p pr it falls encount er edions b y can new eff w irect eless w orout k oper ors connect or s. Regar dless of w hich p rod uct y ou st andar dize on , t o use it eff ect iv ely , y ou m ust " t hink lik e t he eftfect int fer en observ ce on yant our and net wn ork w at er.Minim " Thisize m eans h at sy of ou noise mu st and be ex t rer emely ot ice ev er y m et hod by wh ich w at er could en t er you r ant enn a sy st em . Wat er can find t h e t iniest pinh ole in y our cab le, En or joys, t out h e sat isf amp act ion of s, p rov iding w ircon eless t ernligh et access you un er it ys. Wat er can connect door lif ier f requ en cy verItners, t ning art or est orr s,comm and filt also ent er any ant enna t hat is not corr ect ly design ed or sealed . You can u se any of t he follow in g h ee bu siness inciples b y tsuccessf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) pr oduPr ctact s t oice m tak y our connprect ions w used at er t igh : Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou tsh door env onm en tCold- shr ink t u bing is placed ar oun d t he conn ect or j oint . Th e cold Coldri nk t uirbin g— shr ink t u be st r in g is pulled an d t he t u be shr ink s ar ound t h e joint , sealing it . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k H e at - sh rin k t u bin g— Heat - shr ink t ubing is p laced arou nd t he j oint and shr in ks arou nd Con sical sitheat e sured v ey s hanadheat r ad iof r eq ( RF) sit sur v eys t he duct joint phy w hen it is wit g un oruency a p r opane t orech. Licensef r-ee b va r oadban eless w idearea izing net w tork ( WW ANs)edprarov id e fast low Se lf g al ni zi ngd twairpe — Self - galvan apes is w r app ound t h e deploym joint andent st r of et ch edcost , as high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er it is w rap ped. I t ch em ically bonds t o it self , f orm ing a w at er pr oof lay er . W rap t h e t apes in t heset he benefit s w it htout h e conn use of uct sinort he serv p rov ided by local dir ect ion hat requ t ightirin ensg tthe ectpr orod , not d irices ect ion t hat loosens it . t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir- se own - efficient oadban k s t hat h igy, h- lik speed access f or. Ibu ild ings Coax al —cost Coax - seal isbnr ot a t ubde noret aw or t ape; it is deliver sem ist ick e a ball of t ar t is and arfor eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost m ed all arou nd t he j oint , cov erin g it and k eeping ou t m oist ur e. I t r em ains sem isof t so pr ohibt hat it iv e. Deploy ing ion LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area t he con nect can be checked or chang ed in Net t hewf or ut uk sre.is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs ot her ganizat ion sizin deploy out door eless including of t Coldsh rink , hand eat - sh rin k,orselfg alvan g t apin e,g and coax-wir seal all gWANsen er ally seal a jcov oin er t wage it hou 11a,of802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr ietever ary -,pron oteocol et w or s. sThis v endor - neut al book cover t80 he2.use addit ion al t ape or sealer; how or mn ore layk er of high - qualit y br lack elect r icals

t ape is oft en used as a fin al out er w r ap over t h e t op as an addit ion al m oist u re- b arr ier. Black elect r ical t ape is som et im es placed under neat h t he ot her pr odu ct s t o m ak e it easier t o r em ov e t he ot her t ape or t ub e if t he j oin t ev er need s t o b e r ew or k ed . See App en dix B, " Wir eless Har dw ar e, Soft w ar e, and Serv ice Prov ider Or g anizat ions, " f or infor m at ion about supp lier s of t hese pr odu ct s. Ou t door w ir eless equipm ent and out d oor ant enn as ar e desig ned t o be w eat her pr oof. Does t his m ean t h at t h ey are alw ay s per fect ly w at erp roof ? Usually t hey ar e, bu t it is wise t o ex am ine t h em • Table of Content s closely and t o add a ligh t coat of a liquid sealer ov er any ar ea w her e it ap pears t hat w at er cou ld • I ndex ent er . Be esp ecially car efu l t o seal ar oun d case- m ount ed gr oun d lug s and along t h e ed ge of any De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks equipm ent case t hat lack s obv ious g ask et s. One liq uid sealant t hat is oft en used is Scot chcoat , By Jack Unger w hich is available in t he elect rical d ep art m ent of m ost larg e har dw ar e st or es. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

TII SBN: P

1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

Scot chcoat can seep out t hr ough t h e t hr eads ar oun d t h e t op of it s ow n can . I f you use Scot chcoat , carr y t h e can v er t ically inside a slig ht ly lar ger, em pt y met al can . The lar ger can w ill cont ain any Scot chcoat t hat seeps ou t of t h e or ig inal can. Car ry b ot h cans v ert ically because if eit h er can falls ov er on it s sid e, t he Scot chcoat will seep ou t . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Alt houLear gh out n indoor sid er ant t ips ennas f rom are an ex design perienced ed t o be wirweless at er pr ind oof, ust rt yhere leadare er occasional r epor t s of ant enn as t hat hav e design or m at erial flaw s t hat allow w at er t o en t er t he an t en na an d degr ade st and t hesealant p rinciples at any un der e oper wir eless syestless em st han a 1 00 per forUnder m ance. Apply arout hnd anlie t ent hna seamattion h at of apall pears t o hav per cent w at er pr oof fact or y seal. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ant enn as fr equent ly hav e a d rain hole t h at is d esign ed t o face dow n war d and t o allow any t hecon m denses ost eff ect iv e eequip ment andt oant ennout a sy. st s fecially or y ourcar arefu ea l not t o seal t his m oist Select u r e t hat insid t he ant enna d rain Beem esp dr ain hole. Moun t t h e ant enn a in a p osit ion t hat allows any dr ain hole t o face dow n w ard . To Av oid w self ir eless net wg or k oper orsas t hat y ou h ave pr event ant com enn amfon ailupritefalls due encount t o w at erer, ed r estbryictnew y our t o usin only antat enn successfully t est ed ou t door s ov er a per iod of t im e. Af t er you h ave u sed an ant enna in var y ing Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork w eat her condit ions, y ou w ill hav e fir st - han d k now ledge about t he an t enna' s r eliabilit y . You can st op using t hat beiding unr eliab le. I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y En joy mod t h e els sat isf act pr ionove of tporov w ir eless Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Attaching the Guy Wires

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Any p ushup m ast w it h an ant enn a t hat ext en ds m or e t han 5 ft ( 1. 5 m ) ab ove t he t op of t he t r ipodCh ( or ot hter t achm p oin t ) ur sheould avewat least net onewset oose hemast r ight at net w or kenart ch it ect f or yhour ir eless or k of guy w ir es inst alled. The gu y w ires Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Keep t hber ant ennad frwom m ovw ing inarea t he w ind ands causing t heprsign t o fade Licensef r ee oadban ir eless idenet w ork ( WW ANs) ov idal e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Keep t h e w in d fr om blow ing t h e mast over an d possibly causing dam ag e or inj ur y t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Gu y w ir es at t ach t o t he m ast w it h guy wir e r ings t hat com e w it h t he mast . Guy w ir es at t ach t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings t he building w it h anchor h ooks arr ang ed ev er y 1 20 degr ees ar oun d t he m ast . The dist ance fr om and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost t he mast base t o each anchor h ook should be a m in imu m of 80 per cen t of t h e height of t he pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides m ast . For exam ple, t h e anchor h ooks for a 30- f t ( 9 m ) m ast should be at least 24 ft ( 7. 3 m ) com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or fr om t he base of t h e m ast . Place one t ur n buck le in each g uy w ir e. The t u rn buck le allow s y ou t o w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of adj ust t he t ension on each guy w ir e. A 3 0- ft pu sh up m ast m ight need u p t o t hr ee set s of guy 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s w ires, depend ing on t he ex t en ded h eig ht of t he m ast . Use t he f ollow ing gu idelin es t o det er min e

how man y set s of guy w ir es you r m ast needs: I f t he ex t en ded heig ht is 10 ft ( 3 m ) t o 13 ft ( 4 m ) , use on e set of t hr ee guy w ir es at t ached t o t he m ast 9 f t ( 2 .7 m ) abov e t he b ase. I f t he ex t en ded heig ht is 16 ft ( 5 m ) t o 20 ft ( 6 m ) , use on e set of guy w ir es at t ached 10 ft ( 3 m ) ab ove t he base an d a second set at t ached 2 ft ( 61 cm) below t h e ant enn a. •

Table of Content s

I f t he exI ndex t en ded heig ht is fr om 2 5 f t ( 7. 6 m ) t o 3 0 ft ( 9 m ) , use one set of g uy w ir es 1 0 ft ( 3 De pl oym ing Li cense W ir e leasssecond W i de - Arset e a Ne ) ab ove -tFr heeebase, attw2or 0 ks ft ( 6 m) , and a t h ird set at t ached 2 ft ( 61 cm) below t he ant enna. By Jack Unger •

Pr ecut t h e guy w ir es t o t he app rox im at e lengt h needed and at t ach all of t hem t o t he m ast w h ile lish er: Cisco Press t he Pub mast is st ill hor izont al on t h e roof . Run t he low er end of each guy w ir e loosely t hr ough it s Pub Dat e: in February 3 corr espond g guy 26, w ir200 e anchor . Th is w ay, t he g uy w ire is already in place w hen it is t im e t o I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 fast en it p er m anent ly t h rou gh t he g uy an ch or and t igh t en t h e t ur nb uckle. Pages: 35 2

Raising the Antenna and Mast Raising t he an t enna mast w it h t he ant enn a alr eady inst alled and t h e cable r unn in g dow n t he Best actbe icesa fphy or plan and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. m ast pr can sicalning ch alleng e. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

W ARNI NG

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The on ly w ay t o r aise a 2 0 or 30- f t ( 6 - 9m ) mast safely is by u sing at least a t w oper son tcr Do eff n otect ativt em pt t oment r aise and a m ast worak ing Select heewm. ost e equip ant enn sy stalone. em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Safet yMinim aw arize eness st be ery one' s high pr ce ior iton y in t henet in st t he mu ef fect s ofevnoise and int erest fer en y our w allat ork ion cr ew . An ant en na m ast t hat f alls on a person can cau se a ser ious, p ain ful, cr ipp lin g in jur y . The follow in g sect ion descr En ibes o raise 3 0-off t p( rov 9 miding ) , t h rweesect ion mast tfroom ft ( 3 m joyh ow t h e t sat isf actaion ir eless I n tpush ern etupaccess you1r0comm un) itup y t o t he f ull height of 30 f t ( 9 m ) . Raise t h e m ast and ant en na b y doing t h e follow ing: Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 1 . Use Wit h8t02. he 1m1a, ast 80 ex2. t ended ju st810 t ( g3 equ m ) ,ipm b oten h in st or aller s should r aise e t row ipod and e, m ast to 11 b, and 02.f11 t m e successfully in tyhour n hom off ice, t heou ver t ical env posit ion. en I nsert a scr ew t hr oug h t h e t hir d leg of t h e t r ip od and at t ach t his scr ew or t door ir onm t int o t he w ood base. Refer t o t he ant enna alignm ent in for m at ion in y our sit e sur v ey Ch ooseent t he r ightand netnot w orekt he ar ch it ect ion ur e tfhat or ytour w ir en eless w ortko poin t . Rot at e t he m ast docum at ion d irect he ant na nnet eeds un t il t he ant enna point s in t h e corr ect dir ect ion ; t h en f ully t ight en t he t rip od scr ew s t h at Con sical e sur v ey s an d r ad io-bf ase r eq uency ( RF) sit e ar sur eys ort in g t he m ast in a holdduct t he phy mast int ositt he t r ipod. Now, t he and t he t r ipod e vsupp v er t ical posit ion. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost high sp eed - mldile" w ir eless fr epladder ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv 2 . , On e -inst aller" last shou p lace a 5- f tI (nt 1 er . 5 net m ) access. or a 6 - ftLicense( 2 m ) st alon gsid e t he m aster . s t hesePosit benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ion t h e ladder so t hat t he per son on t h e ladder can easily r each t he 10- f t ( 3 m ) point cable on com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to t he m ast . deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and rad en it ional ir ed it y gisuyeitwhireres.com ailable 3 . arAteas t achw here and ttight t he w low er conn set ofect t hivree Th plet e m ely ast unav is now fir mlyorh is eldcost in -posit ion pr ohibby it ivt his e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov idesf or set of gu y w ir es. The sit e sur v ey docum en t at ion mig ht specify an elev at ion angle com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or t he ant enna, for ex am ple, up t w o d eg rees or dow n one degr ee. I f needed, loosen t h e w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of ant enn a- m ount in g h ard w are, ad just t he an t enna elev at ion an gle, and r et ig ht en t he 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1g, and rpr opr iet pr ot et wt or s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s har dw ar .1 e. 1b, The802 m ast is now eady t o ary be -ex t enocol dednup o fkinal h eigh t.

4 . The in st aller on t he t op of t h e ladder p ushes t he mast up and secur es t he cab le t o t h e m ast as h e raises t he m ast . Th e ot her inst aller is at t he bot t om of t he lad der and is t he saf et y per son w ho holds t he ladd er fir m ly in place t h rou ghou t t h e m ast - raising pr oced ur e.

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NOTable TE of Content s I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ir e le ss i de - Ar ortks Rem em bee er :WThe perWson one at hNee tw bot om

need s t o b e w ear ing a har d h at in case a t ool falls f r om abov e. The p er son on t he ladder shou ld b e w ear ing glov es t o p r ot ect his By Jack Unger han ds f rom possib le in ju ry b y any shar p m et al edges on t he mast . 5 . Dou ble- ch eck again and conf irm t hat t he an t en na is p oint ing in t he p rop er dir ect ion. Th e Pub lish er: Cisco Press t op sect ion of t he m ast is pushed up fir st an d t h e m iddle sect ion of t he mast is pushed up Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 last . The p er son on t he ladd er pushes t h e t op sect ion of t he m ast up ap pr oxim at ely 3 ft ( 1 1- 58 705 69op -2 ever y 3 ft ( 1 m ) by t ight ening t h e clam p bet w een t h e t op sect ion and mI SBN: ) at a t im e.-0St 35 2 tPages: he second sect ion and secur e t h e cable t o t he m ast using black zip- t ie st r ap s. As t he m ast is ext en ded, k eep t he ant enna point ed in t he pr op er d irect ion and keep t he cable r un ning dow n along t he sam e side of t h e m ast . 6 . When t he t op sect ion is f ully ext end ed , t igh t en t h e clam p t hat secu res t h e t op sect ion t o t h e m act iddle sect . Now sh deploy t h e m id 3 ft WWANs. ( 1 m ) at a t im e, st oppin g t o f ast en t he Best pr ices f orion plan ning, pu and mdle en t sect of brion oadup band cable t o t he m ast . Wh en t h e mast is fu lly ex t ended, t ight en t he clam p t hat secur es t he m iddle sect ion t o t he b ot t om sect ion . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 7 . Tight en t h e mid dle set and t h e upp er set of guy w ir es. Ad ju st t he g uy w ir e t ur nb uckles Under st and ving t he pt hrinciples at un der lieferent t h e oper at ion sofunt allil wir em tsical w hen w hile obser e m ast frt hom t wo dif dir ect t heeless m astsyisst ver observ ed fr om each d irect ion. You can also use a level an d place it again st t w o sides of t h e Lear o pr ab leisand eliable ir eless I nt er net access m astn t how o cont fir m ov t hid atet pr h eofmit ast v er trical. Cutwof f t he excess guy wir e an d t w ist a shor t p iece of gu y w ir e in a figur e- eight sh ape f r om en d- t o- end t h rou gh each of t he t ur nbu ck les. These Select m ost ectt iv and ant enn emckle s f oran y our ar ea safet y twhe ir es pr eveff ent hee wequip ind frment om loosening t hea tsy urstnbu d also h elp t o keep t he gu y w ire fr om separ at ing com p let ely if t he t u rn buck le should ever br eak . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 8 . Aft er tize he ent e fect instsallat ion h as plet t t he Minim t heiref of noise andbeen int ercom fer en ceed, on pu y our netnew w orksy st em on t h e air . Ask one per son t o look at t he signal st r eng t h r eading w hile y ou loosen t he m ast h ar dw are and rEn otjoy at e tthhee sat m ast and a iding b ack an for t h.I nRot t h e anttenn a sev er al tun imites isf act ionant ofenn p rov w irdeless t ernatete access o you r comm y t hr ough t h e com pass heading t hat y ou obt ained fr om t h e sit e su rv ey docum ent at ion. Leave t he an t en na point ir ect ion of t h e high estb sig nal st r engt h and ht en( WI t heSPs) m ast har d war e Pr act ed ice in t h et he budsiness pr inciples used y successf ul wir elesst ig I SPs fir m ly. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con TI Pduct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Licenseee b r oadban d wt ir w ideareahnet orkuse s ( WW ANs) ovpidhones e fast or deploym I t isf reasiest t o p eak heeless signal st r engt if ywou a p air of pr cell t w o- w ent ay of low cost , rhigh - sp ile" ir eless access. Licensefr ee w irand elesst he t echnolog adios t oeed com" last m un- m icat e w bet w een Itnt heerpnet er son t ur ning t he ant enna person y deliv er s t hesewbenefit it hreceiv out requ irin g tst h reeng uset hofinpr od uct at chings twhe e signal dicat or.s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs ON and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of CAUTI 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I f you d o not feel conf id en t an d saf e per for m in g t he m ast / ant enn a pr ocedur e, hav e t h e ant enn a sy st em in st alled by a pr ofessional ant enna inst allat ion cr ew.

Running the Cabling •

Table of Content s

Ru nning t h e cabling is one of t h e har der par t s of in st alling a wir eless sy st em . I t can som et im es • be d ust y , dir tI ndex y , and even dan gerou s. You m igh t b e inst allin g eit her coax cable or Cat egor y 5 De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks Et h er n et cable. Et her net cable is easier t o inst all b ecause it is smaller and m or e flexib le t han By Jack Unger coax. YouPub can all t Press he cable f rom in sid e t he b uilding up t o t he an t en na locat ion or f rom t he ou t sid e lishinst er: Cisco ant enn a locat ion dow n t o t h e eq uipm ent locat ion. Neit h er in st allat ion dir ect ion ( up or dow n) is Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 bet t er t h an t he ot her . The act u al r out e t hat t he cable t ak es should hav e been d et er m ined at t h e I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 t im e of t he sit e sur v ey , an d t hat in for m at ion sh ould be supp lied t o y ou as par t of t he in st allat ion 2 . The f ollow in g st eps d escr ib e t he p r ocess of inst allin g t he cable f rom t he ou t sid e documPages: ent at35 ion ant enn a d own t o t he w ir eless equip ment : 1 . Unr oll or un sp ool enoug h cab le on t h e r oof of t he b uilding t o ex t end fr om t h e ant enn a dow n t oact t heices equf or ip ment locatand ion. deploy Th e inst allat ionbrdocum ent at ion shou ld pr ov ide y ou w it h t h is Best pr plan ning m en t of oad band WWANs. inf orm at ion. I nclu de ap pr oxim at ely 20 ft ( 6 m ) of ext ra cable. I t is bet t er t o hav e t oo mu ch cable and hav e t o cut off t he ex t r a t h an t o hav e t oo lit t le cable and hav e t o sp lice m or e on. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 2 . Ru n t he cable bef ore y ou inst all a con nect or on t he f ar en d of t he cable. I nst all t h e Under st or andast he rinciples h tat dercab lie let his e oper at ion all wir st em connect t h ep last st ep taf er un t he com plet elyofr un. Refeless er t o sy t he instsallat ion docum ent at ion and r un t he cab le along t he d escrib ed r out e. Run t he cable an d at t ach it as Lear t o pr ov id pr ofbituilding ab le and r eliable ir eless I ntuer access neat n ly how as p ossible t oet he . Along ver t w ical w alls, senet a cor rect ly sized cable st aple ham m ered int o t he w all t o hold t he cable f ir mly in place. Using t h e cor r ect st aple ( designed Select t hecable) m ost is effim ectpor iv et ant equip enn sycable. st em s Av f oroid y our aring ea kink s an d sh arp t o fit t he t o ment avoidand flat tant en in g tahe m ak bend s in coax b ecause t h ey will cause im pedan ce " bum ps" in t h e cable w it h in cr eased Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors signal loss. Use an elect r ician's sn ake an d elect rician' s pulling lub ricant if you need t o p ull t he cab le t hr ough elect r ical condu it . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 3 . IEn nst allt thheesat lig isf ht nin r est or at t h ewlocat ion Ispecif iedaccess in t he tin allat ion docum joy act g ionarof p rov iding ir eless n t ern et o st you r comm un it yent at ion . I deally , t he light n ing arr est or should be in st alled at t h e point ju st bef ore t he cable ent er s tPr heactbuilding Wat er pr oof t he lighused t ningb ar r est or conn ecteless or s ifI tSPs he lig htSPs) ning ar r est or is ice t h e .bu siness pr inciples y successf ul wir ( WI exp osed t o t he w eat her . Conn ect t he ligh t ning ar r est or t o a g ood gr ound ( see t he f ollow ing sect Use ion) 8 02.. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t 4 . Use a pr e- ex ist ing en t r y hole t o r out e t h e cab le fr om t h e out side t o t he in sid e of t he Ch ild oose ight netpossib w or k ar e f or t o y our eless w orhkt he bu ild in g, d rill t he hole bu in g,t he w hren ev er le.chI fityect ouurneed dr illwair h ole t net hr oug on a v ert ical sur f ace, n ot on a hor iz ont al sur f ace. I f y ou d r ill a hole t h r ough concret e, y ou Con sical e sur v ey s an d r mer ad io-df rrill eq an uency ( RF) sitcon e sur w ill duct likelyphy need t o sit use a rot ary h am d a special cr veteys e dr ill bit . These can of t en be r ent ed at a t ool r ent al sh op. Be sur e t o use a dr ip loop and som e silicone sealan t t o Licensef r ee bwr oadban d went ir eless area s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low pr event at er fr om er ingwtidehe cab le-net entwr york h ole. cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Grounding and Protection and ar eas w here t radLightning it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Icom t is plet n ecessar e, r ealy twoorld pr ov" st id ar e at - gt oood f in ish low"- d r esist esign, ance, inst low allat- im ionpedance , oper at ion, gr oun andd con supnect por tion in for f ormev ater ion y f or w ireless ant enn a ImSPs ast and an d ot evher ery or ligh ganizat t ningion ar rsest deploy or . Wh in gy out is itdoor n ecessar wir eless y t o WANspr ovid including e lig ht n in gcov p rer otage ect ion? of 80 2.t11a, The yp ical 802 ligh .1 t1b, ning802 st r.1 ike 1g,p rand oduces pr opr ap ieteak arycur - pr rot ent ocol of nappr et w or oxkim s. at This ely v18 endor , 000- neut Am ps r al( 1book 8 k A)cover . A s

light n ing st rik e gener at es a v olt age d iffer ent ial of app r oxim at ely 243 ,0 00 v olt s ( 243 k V) acr oss an ung uy ed t ow er and 1 08, 00 0 v olt s ( 1 08 k V) acr oss a gu yed t ow er . As a light ning bolt passes t hr ou gh t he air , it raises t he t em per at ur e of t he air t o 6 0, 000 d eg rees and causes t he air t o glow br igh t er t han t he sur f ace of t he sun . You mu st shun t as mu ch of t h is en er gy as possib le dir ect ly t o t he g rou nd t o m inim ize dam age t o t h e w ir eless equ ipm en t , t o t he b uilding, and t o an y people w ho mig ht be near by . •

Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Don't Worry—It's Only a Quarter of a Million Volts

By Jack Unger

Serm on er: Mod e =Press ON Pub lish Cisco Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

I t is essen t ial t hat y ou inst all a light n ing pr ot ect or ( a ligh t ning ar rest or ) on ever y I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 w ireless in st allat ion t hat y ou do. The risk s fr om in st alling un pr ot ect ed ant enn a Pages: 35 2 syst em s ar e ju st t oo gr eat . Ev en if y ou ar e locat ed in an ar ea t hat has lit t le ligh t ing, don 't t ak e a chan ce. I nst all ligh t ning pr ot ect ion on ev er y out door ant en na sy st em inst allat ion. Serm on Mod e = OFF Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear in sid er t ipsArrestors f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Types ofnLightning Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s You can inst all an y or all of t h e follow ing t hr ee t y pes of light n ing arr est ors, d ep en ding on t he conf ig ur at ion of t he w ir eless eq uipm ent : Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Coax ia l a rre st ors t h at pa ss dir ect cu rre nt ( D C) — Used w h er e DC- pow ered equipm ent , such as m ast - m ou nt ed amp lif ier s or fr eq uency conv er t er s, is m ount ed near t he ant enna. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors DC pow er is car ried on t he cent er condu ct or of t he coax cable. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Coax ia l a rre st ors t h at do not p ass D C— Used w h er e n o equipm ent is near t h e ant enn a tEn hat DC ower joyneeds t h e sat isfpact ion. of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Cat e gor a r siness re st or pr s tinciples ha t ca rr y DC er ovulerwir Eteless h er neI SPs t ( P(oE) — Used w h er e t h e Pr act ice tyh e5 bu used b ypow successf WI SPs) w ireless eq uipm ent is locat ed near t he ant enna or inside t h e ant enn a hou sin g an d r eceiv es pow ov1er1a, t he egb, oryand 5 Et her11 netg cable. yporeeofsuccessfully arr est or pr ov otnect ion e, f oroffall Use er 8 02. 80Cat 2. 11 8 02. equ ipmThis en t tm in ides y our pr ow hom ice, of het door wir e env cond ors—t or tou ir uct onm en t h e Et h er net w ir es and t h e pow er w ires. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Ground Connections

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Finding good gr ounddconn ect ionw idepoint near t hweork coax or Cat egor is oneent of tof h elow m ost License- af r ee b r oadban w ir eless area net s ( WW ANs) pryov5idcable e fastr un deploym challen ging par t s of a w ireless in st allat ion. The gr ou nd w ir e r out e and t he g rou nd connect ion cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s point anot her of requ t h e tirin asks sh ould persfor ed dices ur ing t he sit eby surlocal v ey tbelep ef orhone e t he or t hese is benefit s w itone h out g t thhat e use of pr be od uct ormserv p rov ided inst allat ion cr ew is dispat ched. The f ollow ing gr ou nding inf or mat ion should pr ov e usefu l t o y ou cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to du rin g in st allat ion w hen y ou v er ify t he sit e sur vey g rou ndin g inf or m at ion : deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Ground in g t ow e r- m ou nt e d a nt e nn a sy st em s— Gr ound in g a light n ing arr est or for a com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or t ow er- mou nt ed ant enna is r elat iv ely easy . Fir st , t h e coax sh ield should be g rou nded bot h at w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of t he ant enna and at t he base of t h e t ow er using coax- g rou ndin g k it s. The coax shield sh ould 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s also be gr ound ed t o t he t ow er ev er y 75 f t ( 2 3 m) using a coax g rou nding k it . ( See

App en dix B f or v endor in for m at ion. ) Th er e shou ld b e a gr ou nded bulk head panel at t he point w her e t he coax ent er s t h e eq uipm ent vau lt or t h e bu ild in g. A lig ht nin g ar r est or sh ould be m ou nt ed on t h e bu lk head pan el; t his gr oun ds t h e light n ing arr est or. The b ulkh ead pan el ser v es as a sing le- p oin t g rou nd syst em . Gr ound w ir es fr om all t h e equipm ent com e t oget h er an d con nect t o t he gr ou nd sy st em her e.

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Ground in g com m e rci al - bu il din g m a st - m ount e d an t en na syst e m s— Find ing a g ood gr oun d con nect ion f or a m ast - m ount ed ant enn a sy st em on t h e r oof of a com mer cial Table of Content s bu ild in g can be diff icu lt . Bot h t he m ast an d t he light ning ar rest or need t o b e gr ound ed . I ndex Here are som e single- point gr oun d locat ion opt ions:

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

- The st r uct ur al st eel fr am ing of t he b uilding is t he best light n in g- pr ot ect ion gr ound . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

- A connect ion t o t h e buildin g's con cr et e- en cased st eel r ebar also pr ov ides a g ood gr oun d con nect ion .

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: -35I2f

a gr ound b us bar is already in st alled in sid e of a r oof t op p en t hou se, it can be used as t h e gr oun d conn ect ion point . - The least eff ect iv e gr ound is a gr ound w ir e t hat r uns over t h e ed ge of t h e r oof and dow n t o an 8 - ft ( 2. 5 m ) g rou nd r od in t he ear t h.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear nCAUTI in sid er ON t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er rical cond or aliegrt hound conn ectof ion. ildeless ing r ooft UnderDo stnot andutse he elect p rinciples t h atuit unfder e oper at ion allBu wir sy st ops em soft en hav e exp osed condu it , but t her e is no gu aran t ee t hat t he cond uit r un s st r aig ht dow n t o building point gr oun sy st em.w Using it asaccess a gr ound p oin t m igh t Lear nt he how t o pr ovsingleid e pr of it ab le and dr eliable ir elesscondu I nt er net not pr ov ide pr ot ect ion ag ainst light ning inj ur y and dam age. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m ron p iten falls b yenew ir st eless net wGroround k oper orsan t en na sy st em t hat Ground in g esid ce encount - m oun ter ededa nt nna wsy em s— in gatan is m ount ed on a r esid en ce usually r eq uires t h at y ou dr ive a gr oun d rod dir ect ly in t o t h e Minim t he eft he fectpsoin of t noise engce ouris net ork as t h e cable ent ers t he gr oun dizebelow w h er eand t h eint ligerhtfer n in arron estyor instwalled bu ild in g. Som et im es, y ou m ig ht get luck y and be able t o at t ach y our g r ound w ire t o an En joying t h egrsat of perov ir eless etr ibu access t oanel you is r comm it y exist ounisfdact rodionw her t heiding electwrical powI nert ern d ist t ion p gr ounun ded. Pr act ice size t h e bu pr ion inciples b y successf ulire wircan eless I SPs ( WIcit SPs) The r equ ir ed an siness d in su lat colorused of y our g rou nd w v ary fr om y t o cit y ( d ep en ding on you r local bu ild in g cod e) ; how ever , t h e m in imu m w ire size is u su ally num ber 8 . I f you ar e in Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, dou bt , check w it h you r local buildin g d ep art ment or a com pet ent local elect r ician. You can or ou t door env ir onm en t usually f ind gr ound w ir e and gr oun d- w ir e clam ps of var ious sizes at lar ge h ar dw ar e st ores. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct the phy sical sit e sur vEquipment ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) Installing Wireless

sit e sur v eys

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low The sit e sur v ey in for m at ion sh ould in dicat e w her e t o inst all t he w ir eless eq uipm ent . Th e cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s equipm ent locat ion shou ld h ave t h e follow ing char act er ist ics: t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own - efficient b r oadban d ,nin et w k s cases, t hat deliver ig hspeed access f ormu bustildbe ings P ow e r— Altcost er nat in g cur r ent ( AC) or a or few d ir ecthcur r en t ( D C) p ow er and arav eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ailab le. I f op er at ion of t he equ ip m en t is im por t ant du rin g com m er cial pow er out ages, a pr ohibsour it iv e. ingpLicenseee Wir Area Netpow w orerk ssyissttem he f(irUPS) st book t hat ceDeploy of backu p ow er , Fr such as eless an unWidein t err up t ible , shou ld pr b eov ides com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or av ailab le. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802a.1 1b, 802 .1 1g,li tand opr iet - prbe ot ocol n ethwspace or k s. bThis endor neut r al ent book cover Sp ace nd accessibi y — pr There shary ould enoug ot h vfor t h e- equipm and for s

ser v ice personn el t o w or k on t he equ ipm en t . The sp ace sh ould be locked so t hat t he equipm ent is pr ot ect ed again st un aut hor ized access. Te m p er at u re — The t em perat ur e of t he equ ipm en t locat ion sh ould be cont r olled so t h at t he t em p er at ur e specificat ions of t h e eq uipm ent are n ot ex ceeded. Oft en, t his r eq uir es t hat t he eq uipm ent b e m ount ed in a r oom w it h air condit ionin g f or sum m er cooling and h eat in g for w in t er w arm t h . • •

Table of Content s D ry ne ss an d cl ea nl ine ss— The equip ment should be in st alled in an ar ea t hat is f ree f rom I ndex exp osu re t o m oist ur e and f ree f rom dust and dir t .

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

ort By Jack Sh Unger

ca bl e run — I f coax is u sed, t he equip ment should be placed as close as possib le t o t he ant enna locat ion . I f Cat egor y 5 Et h er net cab le is used , t he leng t h of t he Cat eg ory 5 cable should not exceed 3 00 ft ( 91 m ) . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Ground in g— A single- point gr oun d sy st em sh ould be av ailab le or inst allable. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Se Pages: ism35 ic2 p rot e ct ion— The equip ment should be b r aced t o p rev en t d amag e or inj ur y in t he event of an ear t h quak e.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Testing Wireless Systems The n eed t o perf or m pr oper t est ing of a n ew ly inst alled w ir eless syst em is f requ en t ly over looked. Fur t her , t he t im e n eeded t o perf or m t his t est ing is oft en un derest im at ed . The sect ions t hat f ollow descr ibe wh y it is n ecessar y t o t est w ireless sy st em s an d w h at t h e pr oper t est m et hod s ar e t o •use. Table of Content s •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Testing Point-to-Point Wireless Links By Jack Unger

er: Cisco AlwPub ayslisht est eachPress new ly inst alled point - t o- point w ireless link by m easu rin g t h e t hr oug hpu t , t h e Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 fad e m ar gin, an d t he app3 licat ions t hat t he end user w ill use. The f ollow ing sect ion s descr ibe I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 t hese t est s. Pages: 35 2

Measuring the Throughput A w ir eless link t h at h as been cor rect ly inst alled shou ld w or k im mediat ely . I t shou ld b e cap able of Best pring act ices or plan ning of ed br oad band deliver t he f ull am oun t ofand d atdeploy a t h at m it en is tr at t o car r y . WWANs. The act u al dat a t hr oug hpu t t h at t h e link deliv er s can be m easu red by t ran sf er r ing a lar ge file and calcu lat in g t he t r ansfer speed. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

TI P

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

You ar e m easur ing t he sp eed of t he w ir eless link , not t he speed of t he link an d t he Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea speed of t h e I nt ern et . To m easu r e only t he lin k speed , copy ( dow n load ) a larg e file fr om a light ly load ed m achine at y our net w or k oper at ing cen t er ( NOC) t o y our lap t op Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors at t he n ew ly inst alled end user locat ion. Then, upload t he sam e f ile fr om y our lap t op t o yMinim our NOC. Youefavoid goin g ouand t onint t her e fer I n ten ernceet on , soy our y ou net av oid hav ing var iable I nt er net ize t he fect s of noise w ork t r aff ic lev els change t he r esu lt s of y our t est . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) For exam ple, if a n ew w ireless link requ ires 90 secon ds t o t r ansfer a 10- m egaby t e ( MB) f ile ( w it h 8 bit sUse p er 8by t e; t he80 f ile 000 s) ,en t ht emlink is ( 8 0, in 000 , 000ow bitnshom divid 02. 1 1a, 2. cont 11 b,ains and 880, 02. 11, g000 equbit ipm or e speed successfully y our e,edoffby ice, 90 secon ds) 88 9 env kilobit s pen er tsecond ( k bps) . I f t h e sam e f ile t r ansfer r eq uir es 125 second s, t he or ou t door ir onm link speed is 6 40 k bps. Repeat t he t est sev er al t im es; t he result s shou ld b e sim ilar each t im e. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Som e link s m ig ht be conf igur ed f or dif fer en t u plink and d own lin k speed s, so be sur e t o t est t he sit eion. surAlso, v ey s be an dsur r ad f r eq uency e ers sur vare eysfast enou gh t o op er at e t hr ou Con ghpuduct t in phy eachsical d ir ect e iot h at y our t est( RF) comsit p ut at t he f ull link speed; ot herw ise, t hey m ight not be ab le t o f ill t he link t o capacit y . I n t his case, Licenser oadban d wtirweless w ideareapunet WW ANs) ov idsim e fast deploym.ent of low y ou m ighf rtee b eb able t o use o p airs of com t erws ork t o st r (ansfer t w oprfiles u lt aneously I f using cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t w o com pu t er s on each end is n ot pr act ical, do one f ile t r an sf er and comp are t he ind icat ed speed tt hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or o t he speeds t h at y ou hav e pr eviously seen on w ell- oper at ing link s w it h t he sam e am ount of cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s to ban dw idt h. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Measuring the Fade Margin com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Ch apt er 2,802 " Und er st802 and.1 in1g, g Wand ir eless Fun als, " descr gin , -wneut hichr al is book t he am oun ts 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, pr opr ietdam ary en - prt ot ocol n et wibed or k s.fade Thismar v endor cover

of ext r a sig nal t h at a m icr ow ave lin k need s t o over com e t h e fad ing t hat occur s n or mally . I f t he w ireless eq uipm ent is not con t ain ed inside t he ant en na h ousing ( a an d b bu t n ot c in Figur e 71) , y ou can u se a v ariab le at t enuat or t o m easu re t he f ade m ar gin on t he link . A v ar iable at t enu at or does j ust w hat it sou nds lik e: I t ad ds an adj ust able am oun t of at t enu at ion ( loss) in t o t he sign al pat h. The amou nt of loss can be ad ju st ed, usually in 1 d B st eps, fr om – 1 dB u p t o app rox im at ely –70 dB. A nor m al lengt h ( less t han 10 m iles or 16 k m) link usually n eeds at least 10 dB of fad e m arg in t o oper at e r eliably . Th e higher t he fad e m ar gin, t h e m ore reliable t he lin k w ill be. • Table of Content s •

I ndex

To m easur e t he act u al fad e m ar gin on a new ly in st alled lin k, do t he f ollow ing : De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

1 . Measur e and r ecor d t he t h rou ghp ut on t he new link , as descr ibed in t h e pr ev ious sect ion. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2 . I nser t a v ar iable at t enuat or bet w een t he ant enna and t he wir eless equip ment . I f t he Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 equipm ent is locat ed inside, insert t he var iable at t enu at or at t he b ot t om end of t he coax . I f I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 t he eq uipm ent is locat ed out side, near t h e ant enn a, inser t t he at t en uat or in t he coax Pages: 35 2 t h e eq uipm ent and t he an t en na. bet w een 3 . Repeat t he t h rou ghp ut t est and add at t enuat ion – 1 d B at a t im e. Wat ch t o see w hen t he t hr ou ghpu t st ar t s t o dr op sig nificant ly . At t hat point , recor d t h e set t in g of t he v ar iab le at t enu at or. The at t enu at or set t ing is eq ual t o t he fade mar gin of t he w ir eless link . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. 4 . To con fir m t hat t he fade m ar gin r ead ing is cor r ect , r ed uce t he at t en uat or b y –1 dB ( use 1 dB less at t enu at ion—f or exam ple, r educe t h e at t enuat or fr om –1 1 dB t o –1 0 d B) an d r epeat Lear sid erput t ips f rom exough perienced wir eless indagain ust r y lead t he tnhrin ough t est . Theant hr put should go up and er r et u rn t o t he lev el befor e t he at t enu at or w as add ed . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 5 . Record t h e m easur ed fade mar gin in you r inst allat ion d ocu m en t at ion. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Testing Applications over the Link Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors t hee ef fect s of er fer en oneym our ork on e or t w o of t he Aft er Minim y ou mize easur t he t hr ou noise ghpu t and an d int record t h ecefad argnet in, wt est app licat ions t hat t he new wir eless end user is going t o use ov er t he link . Man y t im es, t h is En ion joy tish ew sat act sing. ion ofSelect p rov iding I n t ern et conf access youtrhe comm unw it or y k ing w ell as app licat eb isf b row a feww ir weless eb p ages and ir mt ot hat link is it d ow nloads t h ese w eb pages. Aft er y ou v er ify t hat t he ap plicat ion s are w ork ing, dem onst rat e Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) t he operat ion of t h e new w ir eless lin k t o t he end user. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Testing Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Links

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Test in g t he per for m ance of a point - t o- m u lt ip oin t w ir eless access poin t is sim ilar t o t est ing a Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys point - t o- point link except t hat y ou n eed t o r epeat t he t est ing fr om a num ber of locat ions inside tLicensehe access cov er age ea. w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low f r eepoint b r oadban d w irareless cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ch oose sev er al p oin t s t h at ar e locat ed in v arious par t s of t he cov erag e ar ea. Some of t hese t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or point s should be at t he f ar edg e of t he ar ea, and som e point s sh ould be close t o t h e access point . cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o When y ou h ave su ccessf ully ver ified t hat t he access p oin t is act u ally cov er ing t h e pr oper ar ea deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and t h at t h e t hr oug hpu t is cor rect ( in bot h d irect ions) at each end point , you r t est in g is and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost com plet e. Be su re t o docum ent t he t hr ough put and t he fade mar gin f or each point t h at y ou t est . pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, the Documenting 802 .1Test 1g, and Results pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Dou ble- ch eck t o be sur e t h at y ou hav e m ade a com plet e w r it t en r ecord of t h e en t ire in st allat ion pr ocess as well as all t he ov er- t he- air lin k- t est ing r esu lt s. When y ou r et ur n t o y our of fice, file t he docum ent at ion so t h at it w ill be av ailab le if t he link ev er need s t o b e ser v iced in t he fu t ur e.

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

A sit e sur v ey is nor m ally p er f orm ed im m ediat ely aft er a w ir eless inst allat ion is Table of Content com plet ed. Tr ue sor f alse? I ndex

De pl oy2ing cense - Fr ee e le all ss W - Ar e a ant Ne tw or ks : LiAny one canW ir inst wi de ir eless ennas

on r ad io t ow ers as long as t hey ar e not afr aid

of height s. Tru e or f alse? By Jack Unger 3:

At micr ow ave f r eq uencies, t h e sig nal loss in coax cab le is relat iv ely h ig h. Tr ue or false?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 58 705 69 -2t ning st r ike p r oduces a p eak cur r ent of appr ox im at ely how m any am ps? 4 I:SBN:A 1t yp ical-0ligh Pages: 35 2

5:

Fading is nor m al f or m icr ow av e sig nals. What t erm is used t o descr ibe t h e ext r a signal pow er t hat ev ery micr ow ave link need s t o ov er com e t h is fad in g?

6:

What should y ou do im m ed iat ely af t er y ou t est t he t h rou ghp ut on a new ly inst alled ireless lin k?ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr actw ices f or plan 7 : Nam e one ad van t age of st and ard izing on on ly a f ew cu st omer p rem ise eq uipm ent Lear npack in sid ages. er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er andr job t he rpesp rinciples t hies at un der lie h e toper atkion all lywirineless st em s onm ent s, 8Under : I fstyou onsibilit r equir e ytou o w or r egofular h ig h-sy RF en vir y ou sh ould u se w hat p iece of per sonal p rot ect iv e eq uipm ent ? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 8. Solving Noise and Interference Problems •On e ch allengTable e t hatof yContent ou w ills ev en t ually face w h en oper at ing y our out door license- fr ee net w or k is •how t o m inimI ndex ize t he t hr ough put - redu cing eff ect s of in t erf er ence and n oise. Alt hou gh noise has De pl oy ing cense Fr ee W ir etle ss W ar i dee- Ar e a Ne m any p otLien t ial -causes, here also mtw anoryks t ech niques t h at y ou can u se t o m inim ize t he im pact of noise on you r net w or k. This chapt er su mm ar izes t he f ollow ing t op ics: By Jack Unger PubThe lish er: imCisco por tPress an ce

of u nder st andin g sign al- t o- noise rat io ( SNR)

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

How ize-2 t he desir ed sign al st r en gt h I SBN:t o1- m 58 axim 705 -0 69 Pages: 35 2

How t o m inimize t he noise f rom you r ow n net w ork How t o m inimize t he noise f rom ot her net w or ks How t o m inimize t he noise f rom out - of - band t r ansm it t ers Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. How t o m onit or n et w or k per for m ance and d et ect em erg in g noise pr oblems Lear How nt oinuse sid erdirt ect ips ion f rom - find aning ex perienced t ech niqueswir t o eless pinp oin indt ust t h er ylocat leadion er of n oise sour ces You need Under t ostbecome and t he fam p rinciples iliar witt h at n oiseun der r ed lieuct t hion e oper t echn at ion iq ues of all befor wireeless y ou need sy st em t o suse t h em . Noise pr oblem s can eit her d ev elop slow ly or t hey can appear sud denly . By becomin g f am iliar w it h o pr ov ues id e pr of it, ab le and r eliable w irt eless nt er net noise-Lear reduncthow ion techniq now y ou w ill kn ow how o r espIond and access w hat t o d o w hen a n oise pr oblem ap pears. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea The n oise- r educt ion t ech niques d iscussed in t his chap t er apply t o all br oadb and w ireless Avks. oidI tcom m on er edatbey anew w ir-eless net w spr or kead operspect at orsr um ( D SSS) net w or k , net w or does notp it mfalls at t erencount if you oper dir ect sequence a f r eq uency- hoppin g spr ead sp ect r um ( FHSS) net w or k, a point - t o- point w ireless lin k, or som e izebrt he ef fectdsmoficrnoise er kfer ot her Minim t y pe of oadban owavand e n etint w or . en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Understanding SNR A st r ong signal alone is not enoug h f or a br oadban d w ir eless r eceiver t o w or k reliably . To w or k w ell, t he level of t h e r eceived sig nal m ust be consist en t ly high er t han t he level of t he r eceived noise; in ot her w or ds, t h e SNR m ust be h ig h. A high SNR requ ires t h at b ot h of t he f ollow ing •condit ions beTable Content s m et ofsim ult aneously: •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

The r ece iv er m ust re ce iv e a si gna l t ha t i s a t or a bove t he re cei v er t hr eshol d le ve l— The t hr eshold is t h e lev el w her e t he r eceiv er wak es up , det ect s t hat a signal is pr esent , and begins t o successfu lly decod e t he sign al. Part A of Figur e 8- 1 u ses a decib el ( dB) scale t o Pub lish er: Cisco Press show t he r elat ion sh ip of t h e r eceiv er t h reshold t o t h e lev el of t he in com ing signal.

By Jack Unger

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Figu r e 8 - 1 . Re la t ion sh ip Be t w ee n Re ce iv er Thr e sh old, Si gna l Le ve l, a nd Noise Le ve l Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The n oise le v el a t t he re cei ve r in put m ust be l ow er t h an t he d esi re d i ncom ing sign al — I f t h e noise is high , t h e sig nal st r en gt h of t he sign al m ust be hig her t han t he incom ing noise lev el. Part B of Figur e 8- 1 sh ows t he r elat ion sh ip b et ween t he r eceiv er t hr eshold, a high noise level, and t w o incomin g sign als. One incom ing sig nal is low er t han t he noise lev el and w ill not be successfu lly d ecod ed . The ot h er sig nal is h ig her t han t h e noise level an d w ill b e su ccessf ully decoded. To su mm ar ize, for r eliable r eceiver oper at ion, t here mu st be a good SNR at t h e r eceiver ant en na • Table of Content s inpu t . Th e SNR allow s t h e receiv er t o separ at e t h e sig nal f r om t he noise. To desig n and operat e • I ndex a r eliable w ireless net w ork , y ou need t o be ab le t o sim ult aneously m axim ize t he desir ed sign al De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks level an d t o m inim ize t he ex ist ing ( an d f ut u re) noise and int erf erence level. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Maximizing the Signal Level You hav e dir ect cont r ol ov er m axim izing t he signal st reng t hs of r eceiv ed signals. Th e pr ocedu r es for doing t his h ave been discussed t hr oug hout t his book and include t he f ollow ing : •

Table of Content s

Li nk budg et — Make su re t hat each link is designed w it h enou gh t r ansm it pow er , r eceive I ndex iv it y -, Frfad entw naorgksain t o ov er com e t he f r ee- space pat h loss and t h e De pl oysen ing sit Li cense ee eWm ir earg le ssin, W iand de - Aran e a tNe coax loss. By Jack Unger •

Li ne - of - sigh t ( LOS) pat hs— Make su re t hat each w ireless link has an LOS pat h w it h an fr om end t o en d.

Pubun lishobst er: Cisco r uct Press ed v iew

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Fre sn el z 705 one Make su re t hat each link has a clear Fr esn el zone and t h at t h er e is enou gh I SBN: 1- 58 -0— 69 -2 clear ance ab ove an d b et ween pat h obst acles t o av oid ad dit ional sign al loss. Pages: 35 2 I nst a ll at i on— Make su re dur ing inst allat ion t hat each ant enna syst em is m oun t ed secur ely, alig ned cor r ect ly , and w at er pr oofed com plet ely. When it com es t o n oise an d in t er f er ence, t he sit uat ion is d if fer en t . You hav e only in dir ect con t rol Best act or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. ov er pr t he n ices oise flevel. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Minimizing the Noise and Interference Level You do not hav e dir ect con t r ol ov er m ost noise and int erf erence sour ces. Rem em ber: Noise is defin ed as " ev er y t hing ot h er t han t he d esir ed signal. " Theref ore, n oise in clud es all t he f ollowin g: • •

Table of Content s

N a t ur alI ndex noi se— At mosp heric an d g alact ic n oise.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Ma nm a de noi se— Noise t h at is p resen t in t he rad io- fr equency ( RF) en vir onm ent and t hat is pick ed up b y you r ant enn a. This includ es noise fr om m icr ow av e ov en s, cor dless t elep hones, and ind oor w ireless LANs.

By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Re Dat cei e: ve February r noi26, se — 200Noise 3

g en er at ed in sid e t he r eceiv er cir cuit r y.

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

IPages: nt e rf35 e re nce from ot he r net w or k s— I n t er f er ence caused b y ot her signals in t he sam e 2 ban d com ing fr om ot her near by w ir eless net w ork s. I nt e rf e re nce from you r n et w or k — I n t er f er ence caused b y sig nals com in g f r om y our ow n net w or k. This int er fer en ce occur s w h en y ou ar e u sin g t he sam e fr equency m or e t han once, using chann els t hat d o n ot hav e enou gh sp ace bet w een t hem , or select ing incor rect Best pr act ices plan ning deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. fr equ en cyf-or hop ping seqand uences. I nt e rf e re nce from out - of - ba nd sig na ls— I n t er f er ence caused b y st ron g, n ear by sign als Lear n inof sidter f rom ex perienced ind ust r y lead er out side he t fips requ en cyanb and t hat y ou wir ar eeless u sin g. Under st and h at bin un der lie of t h all e oper ion of all wir eless st em s I t is im por t an t f ort he y oup rinciples t o use a tcom at ion t he at possible noiseredu sy ct ion t echniq ues t o r eceive as lit t le noise as possib le and t her eb y m axim ize y our SNR. This is t r ue bot h dur ing t h e how t o pr as ov id of itt hab le ghou and rt eliable ir eless net init ialLear sy stnem d esign weellpras rou t h e lifewof y our Innt eter wor k .access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

NO TEize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Minim Noise ar ea e diding if fer en t .eless I n a cit , noise lev elst oaryou e usually En joy lev t h eels satinisfeach act ion of parrov w ir I n tyern et access r commhigh un iter y t han in a r u ral area. Th e m ore people w ho liv e in an area, t h e m ore wir eless dev ices ar e pr t hesiness higher t h e noiseused lev el. f you ar eullocat ed in I aSPs r ur(al Present act ice, tand h e bu pr inciples b y I successf wir eless WIarea, SPs) d o not aut om at ically assu me t hat t here are n o sour ces of noise. Th er e is less noise t han in a cit y, 8but is lik80 ely t hat our 8net ork is not wor k in use. spect ru me, off ice, Use 02.it1 1a, 2. 11 b, yand 02.w11 g equ ipmt he en tonly m or ne et successfully in Use y oura ow n hom analy or env w ir eless or ouzer t door ir onmsit enet su rv ey ut ilit y t o look for ot h er net w ork s an d sou rces of noise in you r ar ea. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Table 8 - 1 su mm ar izes t he n oise- r ed uct ion t echn iq ues t hat y ou can use as y ou ar e desig ning d wt oir eless arear net want ork snet ( WW prot ovher id e nfast of low yLicenseour n etfwr ee or kb. rIoadban f you f ail d esignw idea noiseesist w orANs) k or if oisedeploym sour cesent appear cost - sp eed y" last m ile" w ir I nt er nett he access. Licenseelesscolum t echnolog deliv s aft er, high you deploy our -net w ork , eless y ou can u se solut ions in t h fr e ee t w ow ir r ight ns t o yr ed uceert he t hese s ewnoise it h out has requ g t h tehruse ofput pr od im pactbenefit t h at t h onirin y our ough . uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " Tab st ar t -le t o-8f in-1 ish. "Noi d esign, inst allat ion a , oper at ion, d sup por t in for m at ion f or se Sour ces nd Sol utan ions w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Sou rce of N oise

Loca t ion of Or igi na l N oi se Sol ut i on D e scri pt i on

Sy m pt om

Ant enn a Ch apt er 4, Redu ced dir ect ion al " Ant enn a t hr ou ghpu t • Table of Content s pat t er ns ig nor ed . Rad iat ion caused b y • I ndex ( Ant enn a p at t ern Pat t er ns" pick in g up De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks is t oo br oad. ) sect ion. noise f rom By Jack Unger un w ant ed dir ect ion s. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Sol ut i on ( Be for e Be gin nin g W ir el ess Se r vi ce )

Sol ut i on ( A ft e r Be gin nin g W i re le ss Se rv ice )

Ch oose a m or e dir ect ion al ant enn a for you r access point ( AP) w it h a cover age p at t ern t hat cover s only t he desired ser v ice ar ea.

Resear ch, d esign , pu rchase, inst all, and t est a new, m ore dir ect ion al ant enn a syst em .

High noise lev el Ch apt er 4, " RF Redu ced Perf or m an RF sit e Rev iew Table 4 - 3 in I SBN: -2e Sur v ey " fr om ot her 1- 58 705 -0 69 Sit t hr ou ghpu t sur vey u sin g a Ch apt er 4. Th en do Pages: t r ansm it t er35 s 2n ear sect ion; caused b y spect ru m analy zer . one of t he f ollow ing : y our AP locat ion . Ch apt er 5, pick in g up For in - band n oise: These " Cr oss noise f rom Temp or arily shu t t r ansm it t er s Polar izat ion " near by dow n all t h e m ight be ou t - ofand " Sect or t r ansm it t er s. t r ansm it t er s on y our ban d ( AM, FM, or Ant enn a Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. net w or k and use a TV b r oadcast in g, Sy st em s" spect ru m analy zer t o pag in g, or t w osect ions. at t em pt t o locat e t h e n inorsidiner t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er w ay Lear r adio) sour ce of ban d ( ot her ster em int fers en ce. I f t he net wUnder or ks inst and t h e t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy noise cannot be sam e license- fr ee Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access r ed uced , it migh t b e ban d) necessar y for y ou t o Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar m eaove you r AP t o a new locat ion. I f y ou Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors locat e t he int er fer en ce sou rce, Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork r econf igur e y our ant enn a ysy st em En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it polar izat ion, dir ect iv it y , or dow n t ilt Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) t o redu ce t he noise. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, For out - of - ban d or ou t door env ir onm en t noise: Tem por ar ily add a band pass filt er Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k bet w een t h e ant enn a Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys and t h e rad io t o see if t he t hr ough put License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast imdeploym pr oves. ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s I nt er fer en cesf rwom Ch requ apt eririn 4 g t h e use Reduofced a DSSS Chlocal anget elep D SSS t hese benefit it h out pr od uct s Ch or oose serv ices p rov ided by hone or anot hcom er net w ork WWANs ( Tableenable 4 - 3) . I nt ter hrnet ou ghpu t . pr chann it h asand corp chann chanager oose ons et o cable panies. ser vice ov iderel s (wI SPs) orat eels; IT m t hat is t on t le deliver use as h ig h- speedw access it h t he fleast oun t deploy h eirt he own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s tlit hat or buam ild ings samar e eas DSSS asely unav ailable of use, det er and w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit hpossible, er com plet or as is cost - m in ed equ en detNet er min a spect mov ides prfrohib it ivcy e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area w ored k sby is at he f ir stbybook t hatrupr chann spect m analy analy com pletel. e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , ru oper at ion,zer an. d sup porzer. t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I nt er fer en ce f r om ot her n et w or k s using t he sam e FHSS hop ping seq uence or using anot h er hop ping set .

Ch apt er 4 ( Table 4 - 3) .

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

Redu ced t hr ou ghpu t .

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger I nt er fer en ce

f r om Ch apt er 5, anot h er rad io or " I solat in g fr om anot Pub lish er:her CiscoAP Press Ant enn a in you r net w or k. 26,Sy200 st em Pub Dat e: February 3 s" an d " Sect or I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Ant enn a Pages: 35 2 Sy st em s" sect ions.

Redu ced t hr ou ghpu t on bot h y our APs.

Coor din at e you r choice of hopp ing set and hop ping seq uence. Use t h e sam e hopp in g set as t he ot her FHSS net w or ks in y our ar ea bu t a diff er ent hop ping seq uence w it hin t hat set .

Ch ange y our ch oice of hop ping set and hop ping seq uence. Use t he sam e hopp ing set as t h e ot her FHSS net w or ks in y our area bu t a diff erent hop ping seq uence w it hin t hat set .

Pr ep ar e a f requ en cy Temp or arily shu t plan. ( See t he dow n one of y our " Minim izing Noise net w or ks w hile you fr om Your DSSS add isolat ion b et w een Net w ork " sect ion y our an t en na sy st em s follow ing t his t able) . by u sin g a Desig n you r com binat ion of t he net w or k t o en su re t echniqu es list ed at adequ at e isolat ion t he lef t . bet w een y our ant enn a sy st em s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oadtband WWANs. hat oper at e on t he sam e fr equency . Use a comb inat ion Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er of ant enn a dir ect iv it y , cross Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s polar izat ion, ennI ant er net access Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w irant eless dow n t ilt in g, v ert ical arat ions, f or y our ar ea Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant ennsep a sy st em hor izont al sep arat , and Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless netion w or k oper at ors obst r uct ion isolat ion Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on our w ork bety w eennet y our ant enn as. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Wir eless pack et Ch apt er 6, Redu ced Select equ ipm en t Upgr ade b ot h AP and collisions " Access Point t hr ou ghpu t t hat is capable of user soft w ar e t o a Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) bet w een end Feat u r e un der polling end user s v er sion t hat pr ovides 2. 11 b, and 8 02. g equ mher or e tsuccessfully y our user ow n polling. hom e, off usersUse on 8y02. our1 1a, 80 Decisions" m11 oder at eipm anden tr at h an u sin g in end I f ice, t door onm en t ow n or netou w ork . env ir sect ion. heav y t r aff ic t he st an dar d car r ier t his is not p ossible, levels. sen se mu lt iple inst all a band wid t h Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our access w ir eless net or k w it h w collision m anager t h at can av oidance t hr ot t le ( lim it ) each Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF)CA) sit ep sur v eys end user t o a ( CSMA/ rot ocol t hat allow s hidd en pr edet erm ined License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low nod e en d user s t o ban dw idt h lev el. I f cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s collid e w it h each necessar y, t hr ot t le t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ot her . end user upload cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o speed s at a level less deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings t han t h eir d ow nload and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost speed s. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Mu lt ip at h

• • De pl oy ing

Ch apt er 2, High err or " Mu lt ip at h" r at es w it h sect ion; r ed uced Ch apt er 5, t hr ou ghpu t . " Polar izat ion Select ion Ex am ples" and " Div Table of Content s ersit y Ant enn a I ndex em Li cense - Fr ee Sy W irst e le ss "W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks sect ions.

By Jack Unger

Ch apt er 6, Pub lish er: Cisco Press " Mu lt ip at h

Av oid p lacing w ireless APs in r ef lect ion- pr one locat ions. Use circular ly polar ized ant enn as w henev er possible if you m ust oper at e in an ar ea w it h ref lect ive bu ild in gs, st and in g bod ies of w at er , or lar ge sect ions of concr et e p ar king lot s.

Mov e y our APs t o less r ef lect iv e ar eas; t em por arily sub st it u t e a cir cularly p olarized ant enn a sy st em on y our AP and t est t o see if t h e t hr oug hpu t un der load is im pr oved.

Pub Dat e: February 26,Resist 200 3 an ce"

sect I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ion. Pages: 35 2

Minimizing Noise from Your DSSS Network Aft er pr y ou ep loy you r net wmor it is t hatWWANs. t he deman d for serv ice on you r Best actsuccessfully ices f or plan dning and deploy enk,t of brlikely oad band net w or k w ill increase. This m eans t h at y ou w ill add mor e u ser s t o you r exist ing AP an d y ou m ight also add new APs. As you add APs, y our r isk of self- in t erf er ence incr eases because t he nu mbLear er ofn nonov in sid ererlap t ipsping f romchann an exels perienced t h at y ouwir can eless u se ind in ust anyr ygeogr lead er aphical ar ea is lim it ed . For exam ple, on t h e 2. 4 GHz b and in t h e Unit ed St at es, y ou can u se a m axim um of t hr ee Under st andchan t he nels: p rinciples t h at 1, un 6, deran lied t 1h 1. e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s non over lapping ch annels Lear n ehow e ce pr of le and w or ir eless I nt To elim in at self t-ointprerov feriden b it etab ween your eliable r AP sect s, m ak e er a net f r eqaccess uency plan befor e y ou deploy y our n et w or k . The f r eq uency plan should show all of t h e follow ing inf orm at ion: Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oidion com on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Locat ofmeach AP Minim hearea ef fect s ered of noise and int fer en Geogr ize aphtic cov by each APersect or ce on y our net w ork En joy en t h cy e sat isf act of sect p rovoriding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Frequ used in ion each Pr act icea tpholar e buizat siness pr inciples used b yorsuccessf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Ant enn ion used in each sect Use 8 02. 1 1a, 2.ic 11rad b, and 02. 11 g( equ ipmuen t m e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Eq uivalent isot80 rop iat ed8 p ower EI RP) sed inoreach sect or or ou t door env ir onm en t I f you r plan uses m ore t han t hr ee fr equencies at t he sam e AP locat ion or if t w o or m or e of y our Chors oose w or kr ange ar ch it of ecteach ur e f or y our or k ( shar e) one or m ore AP sect aret he witr hight in wnet ir eless ot her , yw ouir eless n eed net t o rw euse chann els. To reuse chan nels, design y our an t enna sy st ems so t hat t her e is at least 1 21 dB of phy sical sit loss) e sur vbey d tr had io-. fWhen r eq uency RF) esit eysisolat ion, t h e r eceiv er in isolat Con ion (duct w ir eless sig nal et sw an een em y ou (hav t heissur muv ch one sect or can n o long er hear t he t ran sm it t er f rom t he ot h er sect or . Now , y ou can use t h e same Licensef r ee w ir( eless ide- area net w ork s eless ( WW ANs) pr ovl id e fast ent ofself low fr equ en cy onbbr oadban ot h sectdors or onew sect or and one wir back hau link ) w itdeploym hou t causing -cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s int er fer en ce. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable WWANs enable net en sercy vice pr ov ider s ( I irSPs) andf rcorp orat et oI Tbe m anager Figur ecom 8- 2panies. p r ovides an exam p le ofI nt a er fr equ p lan t hat r equ es one eq uency r eu sed.s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld Figu " st ar t -rteo- 8 f in- ish d esign, inst of allataion oper at ion, sup por t in for m at ion f or 2 . " Exa m ple Fr, eq ue ncyan Pld an w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Figur eCh8-oose 2 shtows oinur t -et om ult ipoint sect ornet s an d on he r one ight AP net wit w orhkt harree ch itpect f or y our w ir eless w or k e point - t o- point w ireless back bone lin k. Th is AP r equir es a t ot al of fou r fr equencies; how ev er , at 2. 4 GHz, t h er e ar e on ly t hr ee Con nonduct - overphy lappin f r eq chan nels 6 ,uency and 11 ) . You sicalg sit e uencies sur v ey s (an d r ad io-1, f r eq ( RF) sit ecan suruv se eyseit h er one of t he follow ing t w o solut ion s for t his pr oblem : License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t en na e mrequ isola tig on— solat t wod o uct of tshe t enices na sy st em s t obyallow sam e or t heseAn benefit s wsyst it h out irin t h e Iuse ofe pr oran serv p rov ided localt he t elep hone fr equ en cy t o be reused sim ult aneously f or t w o d iffer ent pur poses; for ex am ple, one p oint cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s -t o t om ult ipoin t sect or and t he b ack hau l m ight be isolat ed an d on t h e same fr equency . Use deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings iques m arwized t he ect " I nt fr om r adioailable or f r om h er- AP in and art he east echn w here t radsum it ional ir edinconn iver it yfer isen eitce h er comanot plet her ely unav or anot is cost y our n et w or k " r ow of Table 8 1. Th ese t echniqu es are descr ibed in m or e det ail in " Noise pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat prt he ov ides Redu ct ion f rom Your Net w or k" sect ion of Ch apt er 5. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of D if fe re nt fr eq uen cy ban ds— Move one sect or ( or m ove t he back bon e lin k) t o a dif fer en t 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

fr equ en cy b and. For ex am ple, y ou could m ov e t he b ack bon e lin k t o t he 5- GHz b and. Now all t h ree n on- ov er lapp in g 2 . 4- GHz fr equencies are available f or use, one p er sect or , w it h no int er fer en ce and no t hr ough put loss fr om t h e backb one link .

Minimizing Noise from Your FHSS Network •I f you op er atTable of Content e a FHSS net ws ork , each sect or has a low er t hr oug hpu t com par ed t o a D SSS •net w or k; howI ndex ev er , y ou can st ill deploy m or e sect or s on t h e sam e t ower or roof t op befor e y ou De pl oy at inge Li Fr ee W irlev e leel ss of W iselfde - Arin e at er Nef tw or ks gener acense sign -ificant er ence.

To m inim ize self - int erf erence, do t he f ollowin g:

By Jack Unger

Be sur e t o ch oose hopp in g sequ en ces f rom t he sam e hop ping set for all sect or s locat ed in t he sam e g eog rap hical ar ea. For ex am ple, if you deploy six sect or s on t h e sam e r oof t op, Pub Datsix e: February 26, h 200 3 t he d if fer ent oppin g sequences m ust b e in t he sam e hop ping set . I f an ot her net w or k is I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 in t he sam e ar ea ( y our net w or k or som eone else's net w ork ) , b ot h you r net w or k and t he Pages: ot her n35et2 w or k shou ld choose u nique h oppin g sequences f rom t he sam e hopp ing set .

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Av oid locat ing ( collocat ing ) m or e t han 1 0 sect ors on t h e same t ow er or r ooft op or in t he sam e geogr aphical ar ea w her e t he sect or ant en na p at t ern s can ov erlap . Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Wow! 10,000 Sectors and No Self-Interference! Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Som e equipm ent vend or s claim t hat u p t o 1 5 FHSS sect ors can be collocat ed ( p laced on t he sam e t ow ooft op) it hleout ificantwselfin t er f ererence. Per sonally , I w ill Lear n how t oerpror ovrid e pr of itwab andsign r eliable ir eless I nt net access believ e t h is claim w h en I act ually see an FHSS sy st em t hat can r un f ully loaded wit h t he amsign ost eff ect ivreedu equip ment and antput enn(ainsyotsther em sw for ords, y our eat self t r aff Select ic w it hout if icant ct ion in t hr ough w itar hou int er fer en ce) . Unt il I see such a sy st em , I w ould adv ise r un ning no m ore t han 10 Av oid m on p it fallsy ou encount edive b y ant newennaw ir eless k oper at ors collocat ed com sect or s un less u se efer fect isolatnet ionwtor echn iques. I f you isolat e som e of t h e sect or an t ennas com plet ely fr om each ot h er , y ou can r un m or e Minim s ofself noise int er fer en ce on y our net w ork collocat ed ize sectt he or sefwfect it hout - intand er ference. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Minimizing Noise from Other Networks

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, The mororou e pt door eop leenv whiro onm liv e en in ta specif ic area, t h e m or e lik ely it is t h at t h er e w ill be mor e t h an one br oadb and w ireless n et wor k . The mor e n et w or k s, t he m or e likely y ou are t o ex perience noise t he r ight fr om Ch t heoose ot h er n et wor knet s. w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k sur v ey s anot d her r ad ioe sur v eys The bCon est duct w ay tphy o msical inim sit izeenoise f rom netf rweq oruency ks is t (oRF) d o asitwir eless sit e sur vey b ef or e you com mit t o p lacing y our AP in a specif ic locat ion . I f you r AP is alr eady in place and cannot be Licenser ee can b r oadban d worir eless ideareaiqnet w ork ( WWinANs) ov id noise e fast level deploym of low m oved, fyou use any all of wt he t echn ues outslined t he pr " High f r oment ot her cost , high sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv s t r ansm it t er s n ear you r AP locat ion" r ow of Table 8 - 1 t o m inim ize you r r ecept ion of sig nals f er rom tt hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or he ot her net w or ks. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Minimizing Noise fromFrOut-of-Band pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing Licenseee Wir eless Wide-Transmitters Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless When y our I SPs r eceiv and erot is herlocat or ganizat ed close iont so deploy high- pow in g erout t rdoor ansmit wirt er eless s, t he WANssign als including fr om t hcov oseer age of t80 r ansm 2. 11a, it t er 802 s can .1 1b, ov 802 er load .1 1g, ( over andpow pr opr er ) iet y our ary r- eceiv pr ot ocol er and n et w act or klike s. This noise v endor t o r educe - neutyr al ourbook SNR.cover Thiss

eff ect is called de- sen sit izat ion , or desen se. Out - of - band sour ces of d esense can in clu de AM, FM, pag in g, t elevision br oadcast , and t er rest r ial sat ellit e r adio t ran sm it t er s. Per f orm ing a wir eless sit e sur vey bef ore select ing an AP locat ion nor m ally pr ev ent s d esense pr oblem s fr om occur r in g; how ev er , m any t imes an AP locat ion is chosen w it hou t per for m ing a w ir eless sit e sur vey . You can solv e an out - of - band t r ansm it t er noise pr oblem in t w o w ay s: •

Content Mov e yTable our aofcce ss psoint — Movin g y our AP t o anot her locat ion redu ces t he signal st r engt h I ndex of t he ot her t r ansm it t er at t h e inpu t of y our r eceiv er and allows you r r eceiver t o operat e at De pl oyfu ing cense - Fr ir e le ss W - Artehat a Nehas tw oralr ks eady b een placed in ser v ice can be d if ficult ll Li sen sit iv itee y. W Mov ing ani deAP end user s ar e alr eady connect ed t o it . By Jack because Unger •

U se a b an dpa ss fi lt e r— Placing a band pass filt er bet w een y our an t enna and you r w ireless equipm ent at t enuat es all sign als below and abov e t h e license- fr ee ban d an d allow s y our Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 r eceiver t o hear t h e incomin g sign als fr om y our end user s. The f ilt er d oes not sign if icant ly 69 -2 w it hin t he license- f r ee b and. atI SBN: t enu1at58 e 705 sig-0 nals

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pages: 35 2

Signal-to-Noise Variations over Time Noise pr oblems mig ht occur at dif fer en t t im es and noise m ight incr ease at diff er ent r at es or last Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. for diff erent len gt hs of t ime. You need t o b e pr ep ar ed t o deal w it h all of t he n oise cond it ions m en t ioned in t h e follow ing sect ions. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er st and t heBefore p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s HighUnder Noise Level Installation Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Noise lev els mig ht alr eady b e high befor e y ou begin t o d esign and inst all y our net w ork . For exam ple, ot h er net w ork s m igh t alr ead y be op er at ing in t he sam e ar ea. The h igh noise lev el fr om Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea t hese net w or ks w ill cau se y our SNR t o be low . I f a wir eless sit e sur v ey in dicat es a high noise level, Av y ou ould indp it anot locat ion forb you r AP. oidshcom m fon fallsh er encount er ed y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Slowly Increasing Noise Level En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Aft er y ou inst all y our n et w or k , it is lik ely t hat t he n oise level w ill slow ly increase ov er t ime. Th is Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) incr ease occur s because m ore people w ill use m or e w ir eless d ev ices as t ime goes on. Th e r esult w ill be t h at y our SNR w ill ease slow overipm t imen e.t Be e t o mon it oriny our wnorhom k Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11decr b, and 8 02. 11ly g equ m orsur e successfully y ourn et ow e, off ice, per foror m ance st at ist ics. Be r eady t o r ed esign y our n et w or k or y our ant enna syst em s t o im pr ov e ou t door env ir onm en t y our SNR, if n eeded. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sitNoise e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Suddenly Increasing Level License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Nor mally , noise incr eases slow ly over a period of t im e; how ev er , it is also possib le for n oise t o cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s incr ease sud denly. Noise t h at sud denly incr eases can b e of t he follow in g t w o t y pes: t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy costis- efficient b r oadban d nsudd et w orenk sly t hat h ig hspeed f orost buall ild ings Sttehaeir dyown — This noise t hat incr eases and deliver is pr esent const antaccess ly or alm t he and art im eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost e. This noise is lik ely com ing fr om a new net w or k t hat has been deploy ed in t he sam e pr ohibgener it iv e.al Deploy Fr eek .Wir eless WideNety w or kSNR s is an t hed frireduces st booky tour hat npr ides ar ea ing as yLicenseour n et wor This noise decrArea eases our etov w or k com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or t hr ou ghpu t . I t is im p ort an t f or y ou t o locat e t he ot her net w or k, con t act t h e net w or k w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of oper at or , and ask t hat per son t o coord in at e t h eir f r eq uency, ant enna polar izat ion, or 80 2. 11a, 802a .1 1b, 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr oterocol n ett h weorneed k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s ant enn p at t er802 n w.1 it h you . Most p eop le -und st and t o cooperat e. Occasionally, you

m ight m eet som eone w h o r ef uses t o cooper at e. I n t his case, y ou m ight need t o r ed esign y our an t en na sy st em t o r eject m or e of t he n oise fr om t hat syst em . I nt e rm i t t en t — This is noise t hat incr eases sudd en ly and t hat comes an d g oes. I t m ig ht be pr esent f or only a few hou r s a d ay or a f ew w eek s of t he year . Temp or ary n oise sou rces include net w ork t est ing on ot her n et w or k s, milit ar y exer cises using w ireless eq uipm ent , cell ph one t r aff ic peak s, t he op er at ion of indu st r ial equ ip m en t , and ot h er sou rces, w hich m igh t be d iff icult t o id en t ify . Wh en t his n oise occur s, y our n et w or k t h rou ghp ut slow s d own or • Table of Content s st ops. Pat ient , car eful inv est igat ion w it h a spect r um analy zer can lead you t o t he sour ce of • I ndex t his n oise. Af t er you ident if y t he sou rce, y ou mig ht n eed t o redesign you r ant enn a sy st em De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks t o rej ect mor e of t h e noise. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Using Direction-Finding Techniques to Locate Noise Sources The f ollow in g d irect ion- f in ding t ools an d t echn iq ues allow y ou t o fin d t he locat ion of a •t r ansm it t er or Table of Content ot her n oise ssour ce t hat is int er fer ing w it h y our AP and r educing y our net w or k •t hr ou ghpu t . I ndex De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Direction-Finding Tools Pub lish er: Cisco Press Dat e:inFebruary 200 3you t o det ect and locat e int er ferin g sign als: ThePub f ollow g t ools 26, allow I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Sp ect ru m a nal y ze r— A spect ru m analy zer ( SA) allow s y ou t o see ot her signals b ot h in sid e and out side t he f requ en cy band t h at y ou are usin g. See Ch apt er 4, " Per for m ing Sit e Sur v ey s, " f or an ex plan at ion of h ow t o use a spect r um analy zer and how t o d et er m ine int er fer en ce lev els. Best pr act ices f orl a plan and m en of enn br oad WWANs. D ir ect i ona nt ening nn a— A deploy dir ect ion al tant a atband t ached t o t he spect ru m analy zer indicat es t he dir ect ion t hat an in t er f er ing signal is com ing f rom as w ell as t he sign al polar izat ion. A pan el ant enna w it h appr ox im at ely 30 degr ees of hor izont al an d ver t ical beam wid t h is Lear nm in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er r ecom en ded. Under and tA hecom p rinciples t h at un der t h e toper ionion of tall eless stional em s ant enn a is Com pst ass— pass allow s you t olie read he d at irect hatwir you r dirsy ect point in g wh en t h e int er ference lev el is highest . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Ma p— A m ap allow s y ou t o d r aw a line fr om t h e locat ion w her e you t ak e each of y our Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea spect ru m analy zer readin gs t o t he locat ion w here t he int er fer ing sig nal is com ing fr om . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors At t e nu at or — An at t en uat or ( eit her a var iable at t en uat or or a ser ies of fix ed at t en uat or s) allow s you t o r ed uce t he lev el of t he incom ing int er ference w h en y ou g et close t o it . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Redu cing t h is lev el pr event s you r spect ru m analy zer fr om b ecom ing over loaded an d givin g dist or tted eading En joy h e rsat isf acts.ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Triangulation

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Tr ian gulat ion is a t echniqu e t hat allows you t o pinpoin t t h e locat ion of t h e ant enna t hat is connect t o tan erf erin g or t r an sm Treian ionw ir r eq uir es you Ched oose he int r ight net w k ar chititt er ect. ur f orgulat y our eless net w ort o k t ake a series of at least t hr ee dir ect ion al r ead ings f r om dif ferent locat ions. The spot w her e t he r eading s cross is t h e locat ion t h ephy t r ansm t ere. sur Figur 3 dshr ad ows exuency am ple( RF) of using t r iangu Conof duct sicalitsit v eyes8-an io-an f r eq sit e sur v eys lat ion t o find t h e locat ion of an int er fer ing t r ansmit t er . License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable sermvice ov ider ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Figu r e 8I nt - 3er. net Exa pleprof Tr isan gul at ion deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The t rian gulat ion st ep s ar e as follow s: Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea St e p 1 . I dent if y t he signal on t he SA t hat you believ e is causing t h e int erf erence. Rot at e Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors y our p anel ant enn a t o bot h t he hor iz ont al an d t he v er t ical polar izat ion posit ions t o det er min e t he p olar izat ion of t he sign al. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

NO TE

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Rev iew t he r adio fr eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v ey pr inciples in Ch apt er 4. I nt er fer ence is or ou t door env ir onm en t r elat iv e, not absolut e. Ther e is no absolut e ind icat ion t h at one par t icu lar t r ansm it t er is t he on ly cau se of t he noise t h at y ou are receiv ing; it is possible t hat Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k sev er al, sim ult an eou s noise sour ces ex ist . For t his r eason, it is g ood t o pr act ice dir ect ionsical f in ding e sy ou t of rteq r ack dow(nRF) r ealsitin erf erence. Con duct phy sit e befor sur v ey an duse r aditiouency e tsur v eys St e p 2 . Use t he dir ect ion al ant enn a an d t h e comp ass t o d et er m ine t he dir ect ion t hat t he intfer ferbinr oadban g sign ald app ear s tw o idebe com line pr onovt hidee map t h at st ar ent t s atofy low our Licenser ee w ir eless areaing netfrwom ork. sD(raw WW aANs) fast deploym pr esent locat ion- m anile" d exwtir ends t h er e com p ass direct ion offrtee he wint er fer ing sig nal. y deliv er s cost , high - sp eed " last elessinI nt net access. Licenseir eless t echnolog t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or St e ppanies. 3 . MovWWANs e t o a difenable fer en t Ilocat ion ser ( notvice on pr t he st sm(ap line) a m ile orat or t we oI Taw . Tak es tao cable com nt er net ovfir ider I SPs) and corp may anager d ir ect ional r eading dr aw otor her t h e map second lin ef orshould st ar t deploysecond t h eir own cost - efficient b r and oadban d nan et w k s line t haton deliver h ig .h-The speed access bu ild ings you r cur rent ex t end in itt yh eisdir of plet t he ely in t erf er ing signal. and arat eas w here t rad itlocat ionalion w iran edd conn ect iv eitect h erion com unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Ste, e pr eal4 . Mov e t o" staar t ht -irtdo-locat t ak e a inst t hirallat d r eading , and dr awanad tsup hir dpor linteinon heatmion ap.f or com plet w orld f in ishion " d, esign, ion , oper at ion, fort m TheI SPs t hr ee linot esher shou ld eit herion crsoss at onineg point or f wir ormeless a smWANsall t r ian gle. I f t he cr of oss w ireless and or ganizat deploy out door including covlines er age at one t , 802 go t.1 o 1g, t h atand p oint I f tiet heary t hr- ee es for a tkrian gle, vmov e t-oneut a f our h locat ion , s 80 2. 11a, 802poin .1 1b, pr.opr pr otlin ocol n etmw or s. This endor r al tbook cover

t ak e a r eading , and dr aw a fou r t h line. Go t o t he locat ion w here at least t hr ee of t he lin es cross. St e p 5 . As y ou get closer t o t he t r ansmit t er , t h e sig nal b ecom es st ron ger. I n ser t t he at t enu at or( s) bet w een y our d ir ect ion al ant en na an d t he spect ru m analy zer t o r educe t h e signal st r engt h an d p r ev ent t he spect ru m analy zer fr om b ecom ing ov er loaded. St e p 6Table . Finally, g ood ey esig ht is an asset w hen you ar e hu nt ing a noise sou rce. The bet t er of Content s y ou ar e at spot t ing an t en nas v isu ally , t he easier it will b e for you t o quick ly id en t ify t he • I ndex exact roof t op or t ow er w her e t he in t er f er ing t r ansm it t er ' s ant enn a sy st em is locat ed. Carr y De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks a p air of binocular s so t h at y ou can g et a close- up look at t h e ant enn as t hat y ou locat e. •

By Jack Unger

St e p 7 . Con fir m t he polarizat ion of t h e int erf ering signal and save an SA file show ing t he Recor d all t he r elev ant add it ion al inf orm at ion: t he ant enna syst em locat ion t he Puband Dat e:descript February ion 26, ,200 3 sig nal st r en gt h , t he p olarizat ion, and t he n et wor k op er at or .

Pub signal lish er: Cisco det ails. Press

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Monitoring Network Performance You need t o be f am iliar w it h all t h e noise- r edu ct ion t echniqu es descr ibed in earlier chapt er s and sum m arized in t his chapt er so t hat you can respond im m ed iat ely if noise pr oblem s do occu r. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I t is im por t an t f or y ou t o cont inu ally m on it or you r net w or k per for m ance so t h at y ou can det ect SNR det er ior at ion befor e it slow s dow n y our n et w or k an d causes y our end user' s t h rou ghp ut t o Lear nYou in sid er use t ips af rom aninat ex ion perienced eless ust r y lead decrease. can comb of t he fwir ollow ing ind t echniqu es t oerd et ect SNR det er ior at ion: Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Mon it or ing SN R d ir ect ly — Some wir eless equip ment allow s you t o r ead signal st r eng t h, Lear how t oand pr ov id e dir pr ect of itly abat le each and r end eliable w irand eless nt er net noisen level, SNR user at Ieach AP access locat ion. Mon it or and log or gr aph t h ese SNR v alu es each w eek . I f you not ice d et er iorat ion at one end user , t he Select t heis m ost ably eff ectativ tehat equip ment and .ant ennaps a sy s fuser or y our arenn ea a has t ur ned in t h e pr oblem p rob locat ion only Perh t hsteem end ' s ant w ind or a neig hbor has set up a new AP wit h an out d oor ant enn a. I f you n ot ice SNR Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors det er ior at ion at you r AP, ser v ice t o all u ser s on t hat AP is slow ed d own . Perh aps w at er h as got t en int o you r AP an t enna or m ayb e anot h er wir eless n et w or k has st ar t ed oper at ing Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork near by or f r om t he sam e t ow er t h at y ou are on. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Mon it or ing r et r an sm i ssion pe rce nt a ge — I f y our eq uipm ent d oes not mon it or SNR dir ectice ly , tyhou m siness ust m onit or y our used net w bork perf or man ce eless in dir ect ly t(oWI det ect pr oblem s. Most Pr act e bu pr inciples y successf ul wir I SPs SPs) w ireless eq uipm ent allow s y ou t o access m anag em ent st at ist ics t h at show t he p er cen t age of packet t hb, at and w er e r et r11 ansm it tipm ed. en Thtemhigh t his per cent er e, t he Usew ireless 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2.s11 8 02. g equ or e er successfully inage, y ourt he owslow n hom off ice, net w or k oper atires. A en r ettr an sm it percent age of no m or e t h an 1 0 p er cent is desir able. Mon it or or ou t door env onm and gr ap h t h is infor m at ion fr om each AP sect or an d each en d user each w eek . I f you see tCh hat t hist he percent imye,our look andnet corr ect oose r ight age net wisorinkcreasing ar ch it ectover ur e ftor w irfor eless w or k t he cau se of t he det er ior at ion befor e y our en d u ser s becom e unh appy w it h t h e slow er net w or k per for m ance. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Mon it or ing pi ng la t e ncy— I f y our eq uipm ent d oes not allow you t o mon it or SNR or Licensef r ee r oadban d w ir eless w idearea w ork s ( WW ov id teim fast of ge low pack et rbet ran sm ission per cen t age, y ounet can m onit or t hANs) e av pr er age e n deploym eeded forent a lar cost , ping high -psp eed ile" and w ir eless I nt neteraccess. Licenseir eless t echnolog deliv sg ack et "tlast o be- m sent r et u rn ederov each link . Sendfraeest w r ing of larg e ( 14 00y by t e) er pin t hesepack benefit it h outenrequ irin gant hd en use odtuct or tserv elep et sst ow each d u ser ot e tof heprpat er ns of h e r ices et ur np rov t imided es. I by f retlocal ur n t im eshone are or cable consist com panies. WWANs enable I nt er ser vice I SPs) corp e eI Tconsist m anager ent ly low ( 25 m s or less) , tnet he link is opprerov atider ing sw(ell. I f rand et ur n t imorat es ar entslyt o deploy t h eir r oadban n et k spt oorly hat deliver speed or bu ild ings high ( 5 0own m s cost an d- efficient abov e) , b t he link is dop er w ator ing . I f r et uh rignht im es fluaccess ct u at e f bet w een low and arv eas w here t rad itv ional edlink conn it yiencing is eit h er com plet ailable or is or cost - ce t o alues and high alues,wtirhe is ect ex iv per pr oblem s tely hat unav ar e causing perf man pr ohibsuf it ivfer. e. Deploy Licenseeless Netas w or k s isast he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Locat eing and cor rectFrt ee he Wir sour ce ofWidet he pArea rob lem soon p ossible. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Regar dless of and t he m m et ion hods tdeploy hat y ou u se, eep awirrueless nnin gWANsr ecordincluding of t h e mon ed of w ireless I SPs otonit her or oring ganizat in g outkdoor coviterorage inf orm at ion h at 802 y ou.1can et ectpran det erior 80 2. 11a, 802so.1t1b, 1g, dand opry iet ary - prat otion ocolover n et wt im or ke.s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Documenting Noise-Reduction Results I n addit ion t o sav ing per for m ance- m onit or ing inf or mat ion , it is im por t an t t o docum ent or log t he r esult s of all t he n oise- r ed uct ion act iv it ies t hat you per for m . Th is docum en t at ion sh ould in clu de t he dat e, t he pr oblem sym pt om s, t h e act ions t hat y ou t ook or t h e net w ork ch anges t h at y ou m e r esult of t hes act ions or ch anges. This log w ill save you t im e per for m ing fut ur e • ade, and t hTable of Content noiseredu ct ion w or k because y ou can look back and q uick ly see t he act iv it ies t h at h ave alr eady • I ndex been d one. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Minimizing Interference to Licensed Wireless Systems Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Just asI SBN: ot her t r ansm it t er s can cr eat e noise pr oblems for y ou, you r t r ansm it t er s can creat e n oise 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 for ot her w ir eless operat ors, b ot h license- f r ee and licensed . Pages: 35 2

The licensed user s in sever al p art s of t he licen se- f ree ban ds includ e am at eu r r adio op er at or s. Am at eur r adio operat or s p er f orm man y pu blic ser v ice act iv it ies as well as ad van cin g w ir eless k now led ge t h rou gh exp er im en t at ion. Am at eur op er at or s u se p ar t s of t he 9 00- MHz, 2. 4- GHz, and 5- GHz ban ds f or am at eur t elev ision, sat ellit e com m unicat ions, m oonb ounce, and ot h er w eak Best prwor signal act ices k . f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Tr y t o mak e per sonal cont act w it h t he am at eur s in you r ar ea so t hat y ou can coord inat e y our u se Learshar n ined sidm ericrow t ips fav rom an ds ex perienced wir eless ust of t hese e ban w it h t heir use. Thisind w ay , ryyoulead canerm inim ize any in t er f er ence t hat y ou migh t cause t h em and t hey can min im ize int er fer ence t hat t hey m ight cause y ou. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1: • •

For r eliable n et w or k op er at ion, sign al st r en gt h is m or e imp ort ant t han SNR. Tr ue or Table of Content s false? I ndex

De pl oy ing - Fr ee W e le ss Wlink i de - Ar e a Ne ks of - sig ht 2 : Li cense A r eliable wirireless need s tw a or line-

p at h and an unob st r uct ed Fr esnel zone.

By Jack UngerTr ue or f alse?

3:

Will t h e noise lev el alw ays be low in a r ur al area?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

4:

How m any nonov erlapp ing 2. 4 GHz chan nels ar e available f or use in t he Unit ed

I SBN:St 1-at 58es? 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

5:

The con sequ en ce of a low SNR is r ed uced net w or k t hr oug hpu t . Tr ue or false?

6:

Reusing a D SSS f requ en cy at t h e sam e AP locat ion r equir es how m any decib els of ant enn a isolat ion?

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. 7 : To av oid int er ference, collocat ed FHSS sect or s should use d if fer en t h oppin g seq uences and diff erent hop ping set s. Tr ue or false? Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 8 : When is t he SNR h ig hest at an AP? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 9 : When t he percent age of ret r ansm it t ed p ack et s r eaches 2 0 p er cent , y ou should st art Lear nlook howintgo f pr pr of itof abtle r eliable w irdow eless I ntuer access or ov t hid e ecause heand n et w or k slow n. Tr e net or false? m ost e equip ment st em ss of f oryyour ournar ea r ed uct ion ef for t s. 1Select 0 : Ext he plain w hyeffitect is ivnecessar y t o wand r it e ant dowenn n t ahesyr esult oiseAv oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Chapter 9. Providing Broadband Wireless Internet Access •This ent ir e b ook Tabledeals of Content w it hs issues t hat w ireless I n t er net ser v ice p rov ider s ( WI SPs) need t o •add ress. ThisI ndex chap t er in p art icular ex pand s on som e of t h ese issues and int r odu ces ad dit ional De pl oy Li cense ss W iIde - Arneed e a Ne tw ks issu esing t hat you ,- Fr aseeaWwirire le eless SP, t oorconsider . By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Planning for WISP Success The su ccess of any bu sin ess depend s t o a lar ge ext en t on t he pr esence of a successfu l bu sin ess plan. The b usin ess p lan m ust cor r ect ly ant icip at e t he pr ofit able d eliv er y of a need ed serv ice. I n t his case, t he ser vice is br oadb and w ireless I n t er net access. The f ollow ing sect ions help y ou •un derst an d som Table s ical plann ing issues t h at y our b usiness plan mu st add ress. e of of Content t he cr it •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Obtaining ISP and WISP Experience By Jack Unger

Pubis lishaer:wir Cisco Press What eless I SP? I t can r esem ble on e of t he f ollow ing or som e com binat ion of t he Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 follow ing t w o m od els. I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Small and Simple WISP Model A sm all, sim p le WI SP can b e not h ing mor e t h an a w ir eless hot spot at t h e corn er cof fee shop or a com mu nit y net w or k t hat pr ov ides I nt ern et access in a p ublic par k . The wir eless r ang e is lim it ed ices or fplan ning deploy en t ee of sh br oad band tBest o a fpr ewact hun dr fed eet in t h eand case of t h emcoff op or t o aWWANs. block or t w o in t he case of t h e par k . The W I SP pr ov id es no ad dit ional ser vices, su ch as e- m ail accou nt s or dom ain h ost in g. Th e WI SP only conn ect s u ser s t o t he I nt er net . Th e small W I SP m ig ht ch arg e an hour ly or a daily f ee f or t h e Learser n in sid eror t ips f rom an of extperienced wirit eless ust y lead w ireless vice, in t he case he com m un y net wind ork , trhe ser verice mig ht b e pr ov ided at no char ge. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s I f you p lan t o r un a sm all WI SP, y ou w ill n ot n eed a lot of t rad it ional I SP k now ledge. You w ill Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access need t o k now enou gh t o an swer sim ple qu est ions fr om cust om er s, such as how t o log in an d how t o con figu re Dyn am ic Host Conf igur at ion Pr ot ocol ( DHCP) . You will n ot n eed t o k now how t o Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea conf ig ur e a cor e r out er or h ow t o set up a d omain nam e serv er . You can p rob ably get t he answ ers youcom need fr om t he w ir ed I SP to w w ir eless access point ( AP) is con nect ed. Av oid m on p it falls encount er ed b yh ich newy our w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Large and Complex WISP Model En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A lar ge, com plex WI SP can pr ovid e w ir eless ser vices in m any cit ies cover ing hun dr ed s of squar e Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) m iles. I t migh t h ave dozens of w ir eless sect or s and connect cust om ers w ho ar e u p t o 20 m iles aw ay Use f rom8 02. a w1ir1a, eless AP. WI 8SP also of fer r um of winir ed I SP v icese, off ice, 80 2. 11This b, and 02.mig 11 ghtequ ipm en t amfu orlle spect successfully y our owser n hom includin g t r ad it ion al dialup , digit al su bscr iber line ( DSL) , Fr am e Relay, I n t eg r at ed Ser vices or ou t door env ir onm en t Digit al Net w or k ( I SDN) , and T1 access. I t w ill offer e- m ail, dom ain host ing, ser ver f ar ms, net w or g, an d ot h er net advwanced ices. Chkin oose t he r ight or k arserv ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k I f youCon p lan t o phy r un sical a lar sit ge ean d vcom m u st eit hersit hav e ext ensiv e I SP exp er ience or duct sur ey splex an d WI r adSP, io- fyr ou eq uency ( RF) e sur v eys y ou m u st hir e people w h o hav e adv anced I SP exp er ience. You m igh t also w ant t o con sid er for m ing far ee p arbtrnership an ex w istidein g area wir ednet I SP; t hey pr ov ide tpr h eovwidireedfast infrdeploym ast r uct urent e and y ouLicenseoadban dw it whir eless w ork s ( WW ANs) of low pr ov,ide t h-espweed ir eless r ast r e. Being a lar gefrWI eq uir tes h avin g y deliv er s cost high " lastinf -m ile"ruwctirueless I nt er successful net access.as Licenseee SP w irreless echnolog exp er ienced t hese benefitIsSP w ithhelp out. requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o To r u n at hlarg e, com p lex WI SP, byrou also need exort ensiv e wdeliver ir eless hexp ien ce.access You can deploy eir own cost - efficient oadban d n et w k s t hat ig h-erspeed f orgain bu ildt his ings exp h er tby cat in y our selfect aniv d itt yhen w or k incom g wit h wely ir eless t he j or ob isorcost by -h ir ing and erarience eas weit here radedu it ional wgir ed conn is eit h er plet unavon ailable emp loyees ho hav e su bst ant ial wirWir eless exp er ience. her w kay uickly y ouprobt ain pr ohib it iv e. w Deploy ing LicenseFr ee eless WideAreaEit Net w or s ,ist htehemfore ir st qbook t hat ov ides tcom his plet w ir eless exp ience, m for qu" ick ly y our WIallat SP ion w ill, boper e successf ul.d sup por t in for m at ion f or e, r ealwer orld " st art he t - t oineish d esign, inst at ion, an w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Gaining Wireless Knowledge I f you p lan t o deploy out door w ir eless lin ks, y ou need t o un derst and t h e basic w ireless pr in cip les t hat successful w ir eless n et w or k op er at ion is based on . The cost of 8 02. 1 1b local- ar ea net w or k ( LAN) equipm ent is cont inuin g t o decrease, and m any new WI SPs ar e u sin g t h is eq uipm ent in ou t door w ide- ar ea net w or k ( WAN) deploym ent s. You t h atofyContent our w irseless net w or k deploy m en t w ill be" plu g an d p lay, " but not h ing cou ld •m ight believ eTable t he t ru t h. You m ust ed ucat e y our self abou t h ow w ireless w or k s and abou t h ow t o •be f ur t her f r om I ndex deploy it Li sucense ccessf anssou door De pl oy ing - Frully ee Win ir e le W itde - Ar eenv a Neir twonm or ksent w h er e t h er e is n oise an d in t er f er ence. By Jack Unger

The w ir eless WI SP w or ld t oday is m uch lar ger t han j ust 80 2. 11 b. Wir eless WI SPs hav e b een ar ound since abou t 1 995—in ot h er wor d s, since long b ef or e 802 .1 1b. Many WI SPs h ave Pub lish Press deploy eder: anCisco d w ill cont in ue t o deploy non - 802 . 11b equipm ent . Regar dless of w h et h er you hav e Pub Dat February 3 ip m en t or n ot , y ou need t o be aw ar e of t hese ot her equ ip m en t chosen t o e:use 80 2.26, 11b200 equ opt ion s. Aft er our-0w I SBN: 1- 58y705 69ir-2eless sig nals leave t he ant en na, t h ey w ill b e shar in g t he " et her " w it h all t he ot her signals in y our ar ea, 802 . 11b , non- 802. 1 1b, and ot her , non- WI SP t r ansm it t er s. Pages: 35 2 Follow ing ar e som e of t he w ay s t h at y ou can gain t h e w ir eless k now ledge t hat you need: Re a d t h e ad ve rt i sing l it e ra t ur e— This is a g ood way t o g et an over all v iew of w ir eless Best pr ices f orbut plan band ed WWANs. pract inciples, bening aw arand e t hdeploy at t h is mliten ertatofurbr e oad is d esign t o sell y ou eq uipm ent as w ell as t o inf orm you . Alw ays assum e t h at t h er e w ill b e a f ew point s t hat are eit her n ot m ent ioned or not comp let ely accur at e. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Joi n an e - m ai l li st — This is an ex cellent w ay t o sh are y our ex per ien ce wit h ot h er s. You Under st n and t he p rinciples unsder lie tw h hen e oper at ion all t e wirt oeless sylist st em w ill lear and y ou will h elpt hotath er learn y ou contofribu t hese s. sSee App en dix B, " Wir eless Har dw ar e, Sof t w ar e, and Ser v ice Prov ider Or gan izat ions," for som e of t h ese list s. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access At t e nd e duca t iona l sem i nar s— At t en ding educat ional sem inar s is anot her good w ay t o Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea learn abou t w ir eless pr inciples. Many t im es, t hese pr esent at ion s giv e you a ch ance t o ask qu est ions. Keep in m ind t hat m ost of t hese sem inar s ar e also d esigned t o sell y ou Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors equipm ent . This m eans t hat y ou hav e t o f ocus on sep arat in g t he educat ional mat er ial f rom tMinim he mar in gefmat ial.noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork izek et t he fect er s of V t et xi ing is onew of t he best w ay t o leartno how eal- w orld Enisi joy h estsat isfW actI SP ion s— of pThis rov iding ir eless I n t ern et saccess you r r comm un it yw ir eless equipm ent w or ks. I f y ou ar e f or t unat e en ough t o hav e an ex ist in g WI SP near by ( on e w ho doesn' t see as a comp et it iv eused t h reat visit it ul andwirobser it s op erSPs) at ion. Ask t he WI SP Pr act ice t h e you bu siness pr inciples b y) ,successf elessv eI SPs ( WI oper at or s quest ions ab out t he t echniq ues t hat w ork ed well f or t hem . Ask t hem w h ich of tUse heir8init ex pect w ere met wipm hichenext pect ions needed in t o ybe anged. 02.ial 1 1a, 80 2.at 11ions b, and 8 02. 11 and g equ m or at e successfully ourchow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ex pe rim e nt w i t h li ce nse - fr e e w i re le ss e qui pm en t — I f y ou ar e far enou gh along in yCh our b usin p lanning select one t wyoour w ir w eless eq uipm oose t heess r ight net w ortko ar ch it ect ur eorf or ir eless net went or k vend ors, y ou can p ur chase a p air of r adios and do y our ow n t est in g an d ex per im ent in g. I f y ou h ave access t o a pair of Con phy sical d r ad io( RF) e surequipm v eys ent out door s, y ou w ill olderduct r adios, y ou sit cane sur t estv ey w itshan t hose. As fyr eq ou uency t est t he w irsit eless feel y our w ir eless un derst an ding and k now led ge gr ow . License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , Be high - speeed last ile" ir eless er net access. fr ee ir eless y deliv com a r"ad io- m am at w eur — I f Iynt our in t erest in wLicenseireless is st r w ong , y out echnolog sh ould con siderer s t heseobt benefit it h out g t h elicen use se. of pr odaining uct s ory our servent icesryp- rov ided byselocal t elepan hone ain insg wyou r amrequ at euirin r r adio Obt level licen is easy d ( inor cable m com I nt er net vicen pr ovMorse ider s ( code. I SPs) Iand e I Tamat m anager s tio o anypanies. coun t r WWANs ies) y ou enable no lon ger hav e tser o lear t he n mcorp any orat ar eas, eur rad deploy t h eirt each own fr cost efficient b r oadban d nclasses et w or k st hat t hatr un deliver ig h-wspeed ordbu clubs ee -or low - cost licensing for a hfew eeks. access At t he fen ofild t hings e and arclass, eas wyhere t rad it ional w ir ed conn iv itj oin y ist eit ely unav ailable is cost ou t ak e you r licensing t est ect and he hr er ankcom s ofplet a select gr oup of wor ireless pr ohibexp it iver e.im Deploy ingTh LicenseWir eless Area orim k sen ist twhe st book twhat pr ov ides en t ers. en , y ouFrhee ave t he oppWideor t unit y t oNet expwer it hf irlicensed ir eless com plet e, r ealorld v" ast st arlyt -ex t o-pan f in ish d esign, inst allat , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or equipm entwand d y"our wir eless k nowion ledge. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Serving Niche Markets Br oadban d I n t er net access is adv ant ag eou s t o b usinesses, residences, an d hom e off ice w or k er s; how ev er , w ir eless I nt er net access is n ot t h e best choice for all t hese pot ent ial cust om er s. I n m any cit ies, low - cost b road band I nt er net access is alr eady av ailable in t he f orm of digit al subscr ib er lin e ( DSL) ser v ice or br oadb and cab le I n t ern et ser v ice. Su ccessf ul WI SP business plans t ake t his r ealit y in t o account and f ocu s on ser vin g n ich e m ark et s—t hose ar eas wh er e •br oadb and ser Table s alr eady ex ist . I t is dif ficult f or a WI SP t o operat e pr ofit ably w h ile v iceofdContent oes not •com pet in g head I ndext o head w it h m u lt im illion- dollar cor por at ions such as t he in cu m bent local De pl oyhone ing Licom censepan - Fr ee ir e le W inat de - Ar e awNe or ks pr ov id er s. A discu ssion of som e of t h ese n iche t elep iesWan d ss t he ion id tw e cable m Jack ar ket s f ollow s: By Unger Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Fix ed bu si ne ss m a rk e t — Fast , r eliable, w ir eless I nt er net access is valuab le for m an y ar e w illing t o p ay for value, b ut t hey exp ect pr omp t an d ef ficien t I SBN:ort 1- 58 705 -0t69 -2 I SP. Ev en w hen bu siness cust om er s h ave ot her br oadb and ch oices, supp f rom heir WI Pages: SPs35t hat 2 of fer high - qualit y , f airly p riced ser vice can su ccessf ully com p et e for t h is bu sin ess and m ak e a p rof it .

Pub FebruaryBu 26, 200 3 buDat sine:esses. sinesses

Fix ed r esid en t ia l m a r ke t — I n cit ies wh er e cable an d DSL are av ailable, cust om er s in t his m ar ket ex pect t h at p rice com pet it ion b et w een t he br oadb and carr iers will p r ovide t hem w it h fast ser vice at low cost . This is not a g ood nich e m ark et f or WI SPs t o comp et e in Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. un less exist ing br oadb and ser v ice p r ovider s ar e not av ailab le. I n t hat case, t h is is a g ood niche m ar k et w her e a WI SP can supp ly ser v ice an d p rice it t o m ak e a sm all pr of it . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Fix ed SO H O m a rk e t — The sm all- of fice/ hom e- office ( SOHO) m ar ket is a cr oss bet w een t he bu sin ess m art he ketpand t he r esid ket I f cable DSL e notsyav ailab Under st and rinciples t h at en unt ial derm lieart h e .oper at ionand of all wirar eless st em s le, t his is a good niche m ar k et w her e you can be p rof it able. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access P ort a ble m a rk e t — Port ab le w ireless cust om er s are nom adic. The cust om er fir st conn ect s fr om one f orivexam p le,ment a coff ee shop ) an hen s f rar om Select t helocat m ostion eff(ect e equip and ant enn ad sytst em conn s f or ect y our eaanot h er locat ion ( m ay be an airp or t loun ge) , bu t h e does not st ay connect ed w hile t r av eling b et w een t he t w o Av locat oidions. com This m on is p itafalls diff icu encount lt niche er ed mar b ky et new t o be w ir pr eless of it able net win. or kI foper y ouatare ors in t er est ed in t his m ar ket , see t he d iscussion of w ir eless hot sp ot s t hat app ear s lat er in t his chap t er . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Mob il e m ar k et — The m obile m ar ket , in w hich a cust om er con nect s and st ays con nect ed Enhile joy dr t hiv e in sat ion of fpr om rov iding ir eless ern access t o ar you unofit it y ab le in. w g isf oract m oving AP t owAP, is t hIen tm ostet diff icult m k etr tcomm o b e pr Wit hou t p oin t ing out all t he reasons w hy pr ofit abilit y is d if ficult , you can look at t h e cell Pr act h eket butsiness pr inciples b y successf wir ph oneicemtar hat pr ovid es m obused ile v oice connectulivit y .eless I n spIitSPs e of( WI cellSPs) p hone com pan ies' lar ge user base an d b illions of dollars of in vest m en t , m ost of t h em ar e losing m oney. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Differentiating Between Ch oose t he r ight net w or k arBandwidth ch it ect ur e f or yand our wThroughput ir eless net w or k phy sical v eywir s an d r ad f r ghp eq uency sit e sur v eys idt h . The t hr ough put This bCon ookduct diff erent iat essit b eetsur w een eless t hiorou ut and( RF) w ir eless b andw ( dat a t r ansfer speed) det er m ines t he ex per ien ce t hat y our cu st omer s hav e w hen using y our License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low net w or k, not t he t h eor et ical band w id t h. cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s tYour hesecu benefit s sw ar it heout irin ged the s eort heoret serv ices by elepcann honeotor st om er notrequ int erest in use payof ingprf od or uct som icalp rov banided dw idt h local t hat tthey cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager per ceiv e. They w ant t o b e ch arg ed f or t he t hr ough put t hat t hey act ually ex perience ev er y t im se t o deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu t hey load a n ew Web p age or p ress t h e Ent er k ey. Deliv erin g t h r ough put is t he on ly t hingild t hings at and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost y ou can char ge f or . Because t h r ough put is you r only d eliv er able, y ou can not aff ord t o w ast e it . pr ohib iv e. LicenseFr ee Wiror eless WideArea Net w or k s t is t he f irput st .book t hat pr ov ides Plan t oit m axDeploy imize, ing m anag e, and m onit y our av ailable w ireless hr ough com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Pricing Your Service Offerings I n t he past , som e WI SP own er s p r iced t heir ser v ices t oo low t o m ak e a pr ofit in t h e hopes of qu ick ly bu ild in g u p t heir inst alled base of cust om er s an d t hen sellin g t heir WI SP at a big pr of it . I n most cases, t hose ow ner s ended up losin g m on ey , not m ak in g mon ey . Pr ice y our w ir eless serv ices high enoug h so t hat you can mak e a pr ofit . I f low - cost car rier s, su ch •as t elephone Table of Content com pan ies ors cab le comp anies, ar e alr eady pr ov iding r esident ial ser vice in y our •ar ea, you ar eI ndex pr ob ably bet t er off look ing for ot her niche m ar k et s t o serv e w it h w ireless r at h er De pl oyt ing Li cense - Fr ee We ir ewleitss i de - Argiant e a Nes. tw or ks t han r y ing t o com pet h Wt hese By Jack Unger

To op er at e most pr ofit ably w it h t h e t hr oug hpu t t h at y ou hav e available, y ou need t o off er t ier ed levels of ser v ice. Cust omer s pay for t h e t hr oug hpu t lev el t hey need t od ay. When t hey need m or e Pub lish er: Cisco Press t hr ou ghpu t , y ou sh ould ch arg e t hem m or e f or it . Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 Overselling Throughput

All I SPs—bot h w ired and w ireless—sell t he sam e t h rou ghp ut t o m or e t han one cu st om er . This ov er selling is p ossible because no I SP cust om er uses all his ban dw idt h ( t h rou ghp ut ) all t he t im e. As a WI SP, you w ill ov er sell ( or shar e) y our w ir eless t hr ou ghpu t . I f y our cust om ers ask if y ou Best pr act f or planed ning and ed deploy t hof, you br oad band ar e supp lyices ing dedicat or shar ban m dwen idt can advWWANs. ise t hem t hat y ou ar e sup ply in g shar ed b andw idt h . You can also t ell t h em t hat you m anag e y our t h rou ghp ut car efully t o be sur e t hat t he net w ork is not over load ed an d t hat t hey receiv e t h e t hr oug hpu t t h at t h ey ex pect . You Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er m ight even w ant t o set up a t est file on one of y our ser ver s t h at y our cust om er s can d own load t o t est t hUnder eir w st ir eless t hr oug hpu t . t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s and t he p rinciples WhenLear y ounsthow ar t wir a new or, itw ir iseless best It nt o use conserv t o eless pr ov idserv e price of it on ab le and rsect eliable er net accessat iv e ov er selling r at ios, such as t hese: Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Busin cust er s— A 6- t o-er1ed r atbioy new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Av oid ess com m on om p it falls encount SOH Oize cust r s— Annoise 8 - t o-and 1 r atint ioer fer en ce on y our net w ork Minim t heom efefect s of Re sidet hnt al cust A iding 10 - t o-w1irreless at io I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y En joy e isat isf actom ioner ofs— p rov You can m ice onittor r net w pr or inciples k per for m ance, descr ibed t h e lat er sect Pr act h e you bu siness used b y as successf ul wirineless I SPs ( WI ion, SPs)" Det erm inin g Net w ork Capacit y, " an d ad ju st y our ov ersellin g r at io upw ar d wh en y ou see t h at y our net w ork per forUse m ance st able an11 d b, r eliab 8 02.is1 1a, 80 2. andle. 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he to r ight net w or k ar ch it ect urService e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Committing High-Reliability Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Your cu st om er s w ill nat u rally w ond er if t h eir wir eless serv ice is going t o be r eliab le. Th is con cer n st ems fr fom heir ex perience w it h wotideherarea w ir eless such vices tent hat of low Licenser eet b r oadban d w ir eless net w ser orkvsices ( WW ANs)asprcell ov idpehone fast ser deploym occasionally op "tlast heir- m calls. ir st opose wLicenseir eless serv o cu stt om er s, you need cost , high - spdr eed ile" wWhen ir elessyou I ntfer netp raccess. fr ee ice w irteless echnolog y deliv er tso be p r ep ared tsowad essrequ t hese ns. Then, t o fices ollowp rov t hr ided ough by onlocal y our t elep p romhone ises or by t hese benefit it hdrout irinconcer g t h e use of pr odyou uct sneed or serv act ually deliver ingWWANs r eliable enable serv ice.I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cable com panies. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploythe ing LicenseFr ee WirProcess eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Preplanning Installation com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Plannin g f or a cost - eff ect iv e inst allat ion pr ocess is crit ical t o oper at ing a p rof it able WI SP. Th e 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

inst allat ion p r ocess is im por t ant en ough t h at y ou need t o inclu de it in y our in it ial business plan. For m ore in for m at ion, see t he sect ion " Deploy ing St able Net w ork s, " lat er in t his chap t er.

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Designing Reliable Networks This ent ir e b ook is about r eliable w ir eless net w or k design. Th is sect ion rev iew s t he m ost im por t ant w ir eless n et w or k d esign pr inciples and pr ov ides som e ad dit ional d esign t echniqu es for y ou. Th e goal of successfu l net w or k design is a st able, noise- r esist ant archit ect ur e t h at is easy t o •m aint ain andTable of Content s exp and. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Selecting Low-Noise AP Locations By Jack Unger

er: m Cisco On ePub oflish t he ost Press cr ucial decision s t hat aff ect s y our abilit y t o d eliv er reliable t h rou ghp ut is you r Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 ions f or y our APs. Please rev iew t he sect ion " Access Point select ion of low - noise locat I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 Vulner abilit y t o Noise" in Ch apt er 4, " Per for m ing Sit e Sur v ey s," f or t he f iner det ails. Pages: 35 2

Select ing low - noise AP locat ions r equir es m ore t han ju st per for m ing w ir eless sit e sur v ey s. I t is also im por t ant for you t o t hink ou t sid e t he b ox—t o see beyon d wh at look s like t he obv ious AP locat ions. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs.

Avoiding Commonly Used High Spots

n inplacing sid er t ips perienced eless ind lead er Tr y t oLear avoid youf rom r APsan onext he h ighest wir m oun t ain inust t hrey area or t he t allest b uilding dow n t ow n. These ar e t he areas w her e m any ot h er t ran smit t er s ar e alr ead y clu st er ed. I f y ou andt ht er hee,p rinciples t h aty our un der lie t h at ion of alllevels. wir eless sy st yem locat eUnder y our st APs y ou ex pose r eceiv eres oper t o high n oise Unless ous k now h ow t o pr ot ect y our r eceiv er s ag ainst ov erload , t hey m ight be d esensit ized , hav e t h eir sign al- t o- noise Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access r at io ( SNR) r ed uced , and b e unab le t o r eceiv e ver y w ell. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our My Minim Building Is Taller Than Your Building!

net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Sever al t im es, I hav e seen WI SPs pr oud ly annou nce t hat t hey j ust obt ain ed r oof r ightPr s act on ice t h et thallest buildinprginciples in t ow n.used Lat er hen t hey alled ItSPs heir (APs, t h ey e bu siness b y, w successf ul inst wir eless WI SPs) exp er ienced a sh ort r eceivin g r ang e because of t oo m u ch noise. Their pr ide in being Uset allest 8 02. 1b1a, 80 2.in 11tb, andd id 8 02. equ ipm enot successful m or e successfully in ab y our on t he uilding own n ot11t rganslat e int and pr ofit le ow n hom e, off ice, ou t of door envWI ir onm operor at ion t heir SP. en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Rat h er t han on tsit heehig g, ioit is bet t er t o( use hee secon d- h ig hest or t h e t hir dCon ductlocat phyesical surhest v ey sbu anildd inr ad f r eq uency RF) tsit sur v eys high est buildin g—w hichever b uilding does n ot h ave a lot of alr eady - exist ing t r ansm it t er s. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Your ran sm t in g" rlast ang- m e ile" w ill w not be r educed u ch , bu tLicensey our r eceiv ran get echnolog w ill be not ly s cost , thigh - spiteed ir eless I nt er netmaccess. fr ee ing w ir eless y iceab deliv er im pr oved. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o The samt heeir pr inciple ( av oiding hig RF locat t r ue w henhyigou locat e access on a m fount ain You deploy own cost - efficient b rhoadban d nions) et w orholds k s t hat deliver h- speed or bu ild. ings do not need t o be u p on t h e t op w it h all t he FM, t elevision, an d t wow ay rad io t r ansm it t er s. Look and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost for a sit e t hat is par t w ay dow n on t he side of t h e m ount ain . Your cov er ag e area w ill be ju st as pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides lar ge; how ev er , y ou w ill avoid r eceivin g p r oblem s. The mon t hly sit e r en t al w ill pr ob ably also com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion be f or low er . I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

To car r y t his p rin ciple f ur t her , y ou mig ht not n eed t o be on t he m ou nt ain at all. Of t en, sit es dow n in t he f oot hills m uch closer t o t ow n w ill not only av oid receiv er pr oblem s but w ill also incr ease t h e st reng t h of t he signal t o an d f r om y our serv ice ar ea. To su mm ar ize, do not b lin dly pick t h e high est locat ion ar ound . Pick t he qu iet est av ailable spot t hat is closest t o y our cust om ers and just high enoug h t o av oid line- of - sig ht ( LOS) pr oblems bet w een y ou and you r cust om er s. •

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Avoiding Cell- Fr Sites De pl oy ing Li cense ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Locat ing y our APs at cell sit es p resen t s t h ree com mon p rob lem s: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Receiv Dat e: February er over 26, loading 200 3

( discussed earlier )

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

IPages: n- ban35 d 2in t erf er ence f rom 2. 4- GHz and 5- GHz license- fr ee T1 back haul link s u sed by t h e cell phon e com p anies High sit e rent You can av oid t hese pr oblems by select ing you r AP locat ions as far aw ay as possib le fr om cell Best sit es.pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Locating on the Periphery Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Here is one m or e r eason not t o f ollow t he h er d and place y our APs on t h e high est building in t ow n.Lear When n how you rt oAP pr is ovnidear e prt of heit cen ab let erand of ryou eliable r ser w v ice ir eless area, I ntall er of nety our access cu st omer s' ant ennas ar e going t o be p oint ing t ow ar d t he cen t er of a cir cle. Their signals d on' t j ust st op w hen t hey r each Select t he sig m ost effkect e equipbey ment a sy st em s f ors tyhat our t ar eak eep going t ow ar d y our AP. Th ose nals eepiv going ondand t he ant AP,enn and t hat m ean hey y our cust om ers locat ed on t he ot h er side of t own . The collision pot en t ial is Av oid comasically, m on p it you fallsr encount ersedarbeyr adiat new w ir eless w or k ot oper ors can av oid t his hor r endous—b cust omer ing t ow arnet d each herat . You pr oblem b y placin g you r APs ar ound t h e out side p er ipher y of y our cov er age area. Now you r Minim ize ef fect noise ernals fer ent ow ce ar ondyeach our net w ork cust om er s ar e tnhe o long er sr of ad iat in g and t heirint sig ot her and collid ing w it h each ot her. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act icefor t h e Emergencies bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul Planning

wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Fires, t or nados, h ur r ican es, ear t hqu akes, and ot h er em erg en cies d o hap pen. Th in k abou t t h e or ou t door env ir onm en t locat ions w her e y ou w ou ld need t o p lace a t emp orar y AP if som et hing h appened t o an AP t hat y ou ar e u sin g n ow . Which pr oper t y ow ners w ould allow you t o place a t em por ar y AP on t heir Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k pr oper t y ? Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Plannin g f or em er gencies has an ot her adv ant ag e. I t can help y ou becom e aw ar e of p ot en t ial locat ionsf rfee or bnew APs wd hen y ou ex pandarea y ournet n et worsk ( in t he fut ur Licenser oadban w ir eless w idew ork WW ANs) pre. ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Learning to Spell Decibels deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas want ir edf or conn ectt oiv uit nder y is eit h erd com ely gallons unav ailable or lit is rcost I f you d riv ew here a car ,t rad it isit ional imp ort y ou st an how plet m any ( lit ers, es) -of fu el is pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat in t he f uel t ank . Th e same goes w hen y ou use w ir eless; decib els ( dBs) m easu re t ran smpritov t erides com plet e, r ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at f or. signal st r engt h, r eceiv er sign al lev els, ant enna r adiat ion pat t er ns, int er fer en ce lev els, and ion so on w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANsincluding cov er age of You need t o un derst and h ow t o use decib els an d k eep p ract icing unt il using t hem becom es easy . 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I n t he t w o- w ay r adio indust r y , t her e is an old jok e t hat says, " I t t ak es f ive year s t o lear n how t o spell dB. " This m ean s t hat it t ak es f iv e y ears of p r act ice bef ore it becomes in t uit ively easy t o w or k w it h d ecibels. This p ract ice is needed b ecause d ecibel m easu rem ent is not linear ; it is logar it hm ic. Decib els ar e ex ponent s, an d t hey r ep resen t logar it h mic p ow er g ains and losses. Num ber s t hat incr ease an d d ecr ease log arit h mically get b igger ( an d sm aller ) mu ch f ast er t han nor m al. This is t he sam e as w ireless sign al levels, w hich g row bigg er an d sm aller mu ch f ast er t han n orm al ( nonlogar it hm ic) n um bers. W ir eless sign als becom e sm all qu ick ly aft er t h ey leav e • Table of Content s an ant enn a, and t hat is w hy log arit h ms are need ed t o repr esen t t h eir sign al st reng t h. •

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De pl oy ing cense ee Wa ir esim le ssple W i de a Ne tw Table 9 - 1Lish ows- Frhow on- Ar e-enum beror ks incr ease

in t he log of a num ber r epr esent s an

By Jack incr ease Unger of 10 t im es m ore t han t he p r ev ious v alue.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Tab le 9 -1 . Exa m pl es of Log Va lu es I ncr ea si ng Loga r it hm i cal ly

Pages: 35 2

N um b er

N um b er of Tim e s t he N um be r I s Mu lt i pl ie d b y I t sel f

P rodu ct ( Tot al A ft e r Mu lt i pl yi ng)

10 1 ( 10 t o t he f irst pow er ) 10 Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. 10 * 10 2 ( 10 squar ed) 10 0 10 * Lear 10 *n 10 10ust 00 r y lead er in sid 3er ( t10 ipscubed) f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind

Log ( P ow e r of 1 0 ) 1 2 3

10 * 10 * 10 4 ( 10 t o t he f our t h pow er) 10 ,0 00 4 * 10 Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access The f irSelect st r owt he of Table m ost eff 9 - ect 1 say iv es equip t h at 10 ment r aised and tant o t he ennf irst a sypow st emers eq f oruals y our10ar. ea The second r ow says t hat 10 r aised t o t he secon d p ow er ( 10 sq uar ed or 10 x 10) is 10 0. Th e ex pon en t h as chang ed on pprod it falls er ltedofb yt he new net whas or k ch oper at ors fr om Av 1 toid o 2,com butmt he uct encount ( t he r esu muwltiripeless licat ion) anged fr om 1 0 t o 10 0. Th at 's a p r et t y big in cr ease in t he pr odu ct w hen t he ex ponent ( t he log ) h as only chan ged f r om a 1 t o a ize tthe fect esent s of noise and int er fer er en ce on yaour netit w ork 2. YouMinim can see hatefrepr in g wir eless pow u sing logar hm ic not at ion ( such as decib els) allow s t he easy r ep resent at ion of sm all am oun t s and lar ge am oun t s of pow er . Decib els ar e t hor e esat isfail actin ionChofapt p rov iding w ir n tgern access youen r comm it ould y cover En ed joy in m det er 2, " Und ereless st andI in W et ir eless Funt odam t als. " Iun t w be g ood for you t o r ev iew t he ex planat ion in Ch apt er 2 an d pr act ice u sing d ecibel v alues as of t en as Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) possible. To b ecom e good at wir eless d esign, you need t o b e able t o sp ell dB. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Using Licensed Backhauls

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

Rem em b er t hat t here are a limit ed nu mb er of license- f r ee f r eq uencies an d t hat reusing t h ese Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys fr equ en cies can be don e; how ever , it is t echn ically challenging an d r equir es a lot of ant enn a isolat ionf.r Iee f you r un out ofirfreless equencies or if net y ouwnork eeds (aWW h ight h rou ghp backb one link , consider Licenseb r oadban dw w ide- area ANs) pr ov idut e fast deploym ent of low using high ban dw idt h licensed w ir eless equipm ent . The cost f or a p air of licensed 1 8GHz, cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv45er s Mb ps rbenefit adios is n ot uch m ore he cost ig hb andw h licen fr ee t hese s w it h m out requ irin gt han t h e tuse of prof odhuct s or servidt ices p rov seided by equip local ment t elep .hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o Licensed r adios also enj oy pr ot ect ion f r om int er ference t h at licen se- f ree r adios d o n ot enj oy. deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Licensed r adios ar e av ailable in t he 6- GHz, 11 - GHz, 18 - GHz, an d 2 3- GHz r anges. The cost of and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost obt ain in g a Fed er al Com mu nicat ions Com m ission ( FCC) license is t y pically arou nd $20 00 per pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides licensed lin k, and t he licen se is good for 1 0 year s. Ex cept in t he 2 3- GHz band , y ou can begin com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or oper at ion about 45 day s af t er you st ar t t h e FCC licensing pr ocedu r e. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Deploying Stable Networks Man y imp ort ant t echn iq ues cont r ibut e t o t h e deploy ment of st able w ir eless net w or ks. Most of t hese t echniqu es wer e cover ed in earlier chapt er s; h owev er , f or t h ose reader s w ho opened t he book d irect ly t o t his chapt er an d hav e not yet read t he ear lier chap t ers, t h e sect ions t hat follow •r ev iew t hese Table of b Content t opics riefly .s •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Wireless Site Surveys By Jack Unger

lish a er:wCisco Presssit e sur vey b ef ore you f in alize t he select ion of a w ir eless AP locat ion. Th e sit e PerfPub or m ir eless Pub Dat e: February 26, t 200 sur vey conf irm s t hat he 3noise and int er fer ence ar e low enoug h t o allow t he AP t o receiv e w ell. I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 Please r ev iew t he inf orm at ion in Ch apt er 4 t hat descr ibes how t o do a w ir eless sit e su r vey . Pages: 35 2

Standardizing Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) Use on ly a f ew , st an dar d com bin at ions of cust om er pr em ises eq uipm ent ( CPE) , cab les, and Best pr as. act ices or plan ning and m en of br oad WWANs. ant enn Thisf simp lif ies t he instdeploy allat ion prtocess andband m inim izes in vent ory cost , as ex plained in Ch apt er 7, " I nst alling Out door Wir eless Sy st em s." Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under stNeedless and t he p rinciples t h at un derMixing lie t h e oper at ion of all Avoiding Equipment

wir eless sy st em s

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Use a m inim um of dif fer en t b ran ds of w ir eless APs and w ir eless car ds. For ex am ple, a Br and A AP w it h a Bran d B w ireless car d lin kin g t o a Br and C w ir eless car d in a Br and D rad io can be Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea un reliable and d if ficult t o m aint ain. Please ( r e) r ead t he sect ion " Com pat ib ilit y I ssues" in Ch apt er 6, " Evalu at in g and ingencount Wireless Av oid com m onSelect p it falls er Equip ed b y ment new ." w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Meeting the Customer at the Ethernet

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Most Pr non02.t 11 equ ipm en conn ectused s t o tbhe cu st om er com pu tIerSPs ( or( WI netSPs) w or k) w it h an act8ice h e bbu siness pr tinciples y successf ul'swir eless Et h er n et int er face. I f y ou use 80 2. 11b equ ip m en t in you r w ir eless net w ork , t r y t o av oid t h e t em ptUse at ion t o 1p 1a, rov ide w11 ir eless ser8v02. ice11 byg jequ ust ipm inser aw eless car d int you row cust om er 8 02. 80 2. b, and ent ing t m or e ir successfully in oy our n hom e,' soff ice, com put t heenv suirrfonm ace,en t his or er ou. tOn door t m ight app ear t o be t he low est - cost met hod of p rov iding serv ice; how ev er , it m ig ht act u ally in cr ease you r cost s and r ed uce y our pr of it s for t he f ollow ing r eason s: Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Lon duct g- t e rm pport s—s Aft y ou or in ser t a sit w ireless car d int o a cust om er ' s Con phy su sical sit e cost sur v ey an derr ad io-open f r eq uency ( RF) e sur v eys com put er , it is d iff icult t o refu se t o cor rect each pr oblem t hat t he cu st om er exp er iences Licensew it fhr ee t hat b r com oadban p ut d er.w For ir eless ex am w ideple,area t he cu netstwom orkers (mWW ightANs) exp ect pr ovyou id e tfast o fix deploym p ower sup entply of low cost , failur high -es sp eed and "hlast ard- m disk ile" crwash ir eless es. Th I ntese er net p rob access. lem s, Licensein most cases, fr ee w irareless e unrt echnolog elat ed t o yt he deliv acter u sal t hesewbenefit irelesss car w itdh out inst allat requion irin b g ut t h, einuse t heofuser pr od ' s uct m in s d, or tserv h e wices ireless p rovcar ided d mby ig ht local be tpelep er ceiv hone ed as or cable tcom he cau panies. se of WWANs each pr oblem. enable The I nt er cost net of serr esp viceonding pr ov ider t o sand ( I SPs) fix ing and t hese corppr orat oblem e I Tsmcan anager r esult s to deploy in tah eir netown loss cost f or -yefficient ou. b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost m aing na ge m ent Fr de TheArea clientNet soft w ar it h m ost pr w ir pr ohibNiteivt w e.ork Deploy Licenseeefi cie Wirncie elesss— Widew or k seist htat hegfoes ir st w book t hat oveless ides card doeswnorld ot usually ull set inst of net w or k ,moper anagem mon com plet e,sr eal" st ar t - tpo-ossess f in ish "adfesign, allat ion at ion,ent anand d sup poritt orin in forg m at ion f or capabilit ex am ple, you notinbe ab door le t o rwir emeless ot ely WANsv iew signal st r engt linof k w ireless I SPs ies. and For ot her or ganizat ionms ight deploy g out including covheror age per for m ance at ist n addit ioniet , you t notn et bew able p er vf orm r em ot er al t h rou ghp ut s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, st802 .1ics. 1g, Iand pr opr ary - m prigh ot ocol or k s.t oThis endor - neut book cover

m anagem ent t ask s such as t hr ot t ling t h rou ghp ut t o t h at end user . A b et t er , m or e cost - ef fect ive appr oach t han using w ir eless car ds in cust om er s' comp ut er s is int er facing w it h t he cust om er ' s comp ut er at t he Et her net level. You can p r ovide wir eless equipm ent t hat is ext er nal t o t h e cu st omer 's com pu t er and t hat connect s v ia Et h er n et t o t he cust om er ' s comp ut er ( or n et w or k ) . I f t he cu st om er does n ot alr ead y hav e an Et h er net car d inst alled , y ou can r ef er him t o a com pany t hat pr ovid es com pu t er - n et w or k ing su ppor t . •

Content s Som e WI SPsTable hav eofdeploy ed w ir eless USB adap t er s ( mod if ied t o accept an ex t er nal an t en na) in •an at t em pt t o I ndex pr ov ide low - cost CPE equip ment and av oid op en ing t he cust om er' s com put er . This De plroach oy ing Liw cense W ir e e lecases; ss W i dehow - Ar e a or ks et imes USB/ m ot her boar d/ soft w ar e com pat ibilit y app or ks- Fr ineesom evNe ertw , som issu By Jack esUnger occur . I n addit ion , some vir t ual pr ivat e n et wor k ing ( VPN) f eat ur es mig ht not w or k w it h t he USB adapt er . Pub lish er: Cisco Press

The p r ice of w ir eless CPE t hat pr ov ides an Et her net in t er f ace t o cust om er s' net w or ks keeps Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 decreasing. I t is becom in g mor e f easible t o deploy such eq uipm ent . As a bon us, low - cost CPE 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 equipmI SBN: ent is av ailab le in a w eat h er pr oof h ousin g and w it h p ower - ov er - Et hern et . Moun t ing su ch Pages: 35 2 side, at t he an t en na, elim in at es coax cab le loss an d in cr eases link reliabilit y. equipm ent out

Measuring Fade Margin Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Use a st andar d t hr ou ghpu t t est and measur e t h e fade mar g in f or ever y new ly inst alled end user . This conf irm s t hat t he inst allat ion was done cor r ect ly an d t h at ser vice w ill be r eliab le. See Ch aptLear er 7nf or d eterails abfout easur ing t he f ade m ar gin. in sid t ips romman ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Allowing AP Test Time Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and

r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Do not assum e tm h at erect y nivew AP w ment ill per for p erenn f ectalysywsthen Select t he ostev eff e equip andmant em sit f is or fyirst ourt ur ar ned ea on. Allow p lent y of t est t im e so t h at y ou can ad just , cor r ect , and ver ify t h e per for m ance of t he n ew AP b ef ore you st ar t Av u sing oid it com to m p rov on ide p it falls servencount ice. Ch apt er ed er b7 ycov new erswtirhe eless AP tnet estw ing or kproper ocedur at ors es. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Managing Network Throughput Net w ork t hr ough put is y our m ost im por t ant asset because t hat is w hat you r cust om er s pay you t o deliv er t o t hem. The consequences of failing t o man age t h rou ghp ut do n ot show up unt il you r net w or k becomes h eav ily loaded; t hen y our net w ork t hr ough put det er ior at es r apidly . I f y ou ar e •in t he WI SP business Table of Content s e a p rof it , y ou need t o m anage y our net w ork ' s t hr oug hpu t ; t h e nex t t o m ak •few sect ions Ihelp ndex you p er for m t his m anagem ent fun ct ion . De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Minimizing Lost Throughput Pub lish er: Cisco Press Datnet e: February 26,oug 200hpu 3 ThePub less w or k t hr t t h at y ou lose, t h e m ore t hr ough put r em ains for y ou t o sell. Do y our I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 best t o lose as lit t le t hr oug hpu t as p ossible f r om t he f ollowin g causes: Pages: 35 2

Mi sunde r st a ndi ng — Do n ot conf use ban dw idt h ( t he raw dat a rat e on a link ) w it h t hr ou ghpu t ( t he act ual amou nt of dat a t hat t he link car r ies) . To avoid t his m isund er st andin g, r eread t he sect ion " Com par ison Bet w een D at a Rat e and Thr oug hpu t ( I ncludin g Sim plex Ver sus Du plex Thr oug hput ) " in Ch apt er 6. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. W ir el ess coll ision s— Ev er y collision bet w een w ireless user s r esu lt s in a loss of t hat t im e slot and a loss of t hr ough put . You can m inim ize collision s by u sin g sof t w are t hat polls you r Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er users. I f y our sof t w are does not inclu de p olling , t he next - b est t hing y ou can do is fin e- t une t he RTS/ CTS t hr esh old t o help m inim ize t h e packet collision s bet w een user s. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s I nt e rf e re nce an d n oise— Ev er y p ack et t h at n eeds t o be repeat ed befor e it is success- f ully Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access r eceived causes lost t ime slot s an d lost t hr oug hpu t . The m or e y ou can r educe noise and int er fert en in y eff ourect n et k , t hment e m ore ough r etyain Select hece m ost iv ewor equip andt hr ant ennput a syystou emcan s f or our t o ar sell ea t o you r cust om er s. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Reusing Frequencies Successfully

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

Unless ou tar e sat locat smpall n, ywou needI nt ot ern r euetseaccess fr eq uencies. youitry ant enn a Enyjoy he isfed actin iona of rovt ow iding ir eless t o you rUnless comm un syst em s ar e comp let ely isolat ed fr om each ot her , r eu sin g f r eq uencies causes y ou t o lose t hr ou Pr ghpu . Th ion " Benefit ing f rom Systulem solat ion " in( WI ChSPs) apt er 5, " Select in g act tice t heesect bu siness pr inciples usedAnt b y enna successf wirI eless I SPs Ant enn a Sy st em s, " ex plains how t o isolat e ant en nas so t h at y ou can r euse fr equencies w it hout losin gUse t hr ough 8 02. 1put 1a,. The 80 2.sect 11 b,ion and " Minim 8 02. 11 izing g equ Noise ipm fen r om t mYour or e successfully DSSS Net w or in k" y our in Ch owapt n hom er 8,e, off ice, " Solv in orgou Noise t doorand envI irntonm er ferenence t Prob lem s, " p rov ides an ex am ple of m ak ing a f requ en cy reuse plan. Review t h ese sect ion s now so t hat you can successf ully r e- use fr equencies and st ill obt ain Ch oose w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k fu ll t hr oug hput he t onr ight eachnet f r eq uency. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Allocating Per Customer License- f r ee b rThroughput oadban d w ir eless w idearea net w ork s ( WW ANs)

pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s s weitsize h outofrequ irindoesn't g t h e use of pr od. uct serv ices rovs, ided local It hese n lif e,benefit t he sam sh oe f it all f eet I n swor ireless net wpork onebysize of t elep h rouhone ghp utor cable com WWANs enable nt er nety our ser vice ov ider s ( I SPs) and T m anager doesn' t f it panies. all w ir eless users. To mIanage net wpr ork t hr ough put pr of itcorp ab ly,orat youe Ineed t o sell s t o deploy cost - efficient oadban d nt hat et w or k s tneed hat deliver h- speed f or bu ings cust om terh seironown ly t he am oun t of tbhrrou ghp ut t hey or w anth.igOffer y ouraccess cu st omer s aild t ier ed andv ice ar eas w here t rad itsional conn ectas iv itmu y ischeitt h rou er com elyt hey unav ailable or ice is cost ser plan t hat allow t h emw ir t oedb uy only ghp plet ut as need. Pr act t hr oug hpu t pr anagem ohib it iv e. Deploy ing you LicenseeeerWir Area Net w or pk sayisfor t he m ent so t hat r custFr om s geless et t heWidet hr ough put t hey . f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Som e w ireless eq uipm t ganizat in clud esion t hr put anagem feat urWANses such as t he f cov ollow w ireless I SPs and ot herenor s ough deploy in gm out door ent wir eless including ering age: of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Ma x im um ra t e t hr ot t li ng— This feat u re allow s y ou t o set t h e m axim um t hr ough put t hat each cust om er w ill hav e, su ch as 1 28 k bps or 512 k bps, f or exam p le. MI R/ CI R — This feat u re allow s y ou t o set b ot h a m ax im um infor m at ion rat e ( MI R) and a com mit t ed inf orm at ion r at e ( CI R) for each cu st omer . The eq uipm ent alw ay s r eser ves at least t he CI R f or t he cu st om er ; h owev er , wh en t h e net w or k isn 't busy , t he eq uipm ent allow s t he cust om er t o obt ain ( up t o) t he MI R. •

Table of Content s

Asy m m e t ri ca l t hr ough put ra t es— Some eq uipm en t allow s y ou t o assign t hr ough put I ndex asym m et r ically t o each cu st omer . I n ot her w or ds, y ou can set cust om er s' ban dw idt h t o b e De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks dif fer en t depend ing on wh et her t hey ar e dow n load ing or up load ing. By con figu ring t h e By Jack up Unger load speed t o be slow er t han t h e dow nload speed , y ou can ser v e m ore cu st omer s on y our n et w or k . •

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

I f you w ireless eq uipm ent Pubr Dat e: February 26, 200 3 d oes not alr eady includ e t hese feat ur es, y ou can gain per - cu st omer cont r olI SBN: b y addin g an ext er nal t hr oug hput cont r ol r out er . See App en dix B f or v endor in for m at ion. 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Determining Network Capacity You need t o k now h ow y our net w or k is per for m ing and w hen you r net w or k r eaches m ax imu m capacit ingning t oolsand an ddeploy t echnm iqen ues can h elpband y ou WWANs. ev aluat e y our net w ork perf or man ce: Best pr y. actThe ices f follow or plan t of br oad Pingn l at e ncy gingan acrex oss a w ireless k w ind it h ust a str rin g ofer1 400 by t e p ack et s is a realLear in sid er t— ipsPin f rom perienced wir lin eless y lead t im e t est t hat y ou can r un t o get a quick v iew of net w ork p er f orm an ce. I nt er pr et ing t hese tUnder est r esu lt s is descr ibed in tthhat e sect ionlie" Monit or ing Netof w ork Pereless for m ance" ins Ch apt er 8. st and t he p rinciples un der t h e oper at ion all wir sy st em Re t ra e— The per cen t age of et Isntt hat need t o be r et r ansm it t ed bef ore Lear n nsm how itt o pe pr rcen ov id et ag pr of it ab le and r eliable w irpack eless er net access t hey ar e successfu lly r eceiv ed is an ot her m ean ingf ul in dicat ion of net w or k per for m ance. Select t he effor ecting iv eNet equip andmant ennin a sy emers f8orp ryovides our ar ea The sect ionm"ost Monit w orment k Per for ance" Chstapt a det ailed exp lanat ion. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors MR TG— Many WI SPs u se t he Mu lt i Rou t er Traf fic Grap her ( MRTG) t ool t o m onit or t raf fic Minim and int en ceApp on en y our w ork levels ize andt he netef wfect or k st rof affnoise ic loading over erfer t ime. dix net B con t ain s a link t o m or e inf orm at ion abou t t h is t ool. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Keeping Some Throughput in Reserve

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door Your net w ork canenv pr ir ovonm ide en upt t o a m ax imu m t hr ou ghpu t lev el; how ever , t his lev el is aff ect ed by sev er al fact or s t h at y ou can not con t r ol. These uncont r ollable f act or s in clud e noise, int erf erence, Chent oose t he r ight net and w or kt he ar ch it ect urap e fpear or y our ir eless w orwkor ks. I t is imp or t ant for y ou equipm det erior at ion, sud den ancew of nearbnet y net t o keep som e of y our t h r oughp ut unsold, in r eser ve, t o pr ov ide a cu sh ion of p rot ect ion for y our Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys w ireless cu st om er s. As y ou g ain ex perience m onit or ing t he perf or man ce of you r net w or k, y ou' ll be ab le tfor ee estbim at e how ch add it ional t h rou ghp Alw ays plan t o leave e Licenser oadban d wmu ir eless w idearea net w orkuts you ( WWcan ANs)sell. pr ov id e fast deploym entsom of low pot ent ial t hr oug hpu t un sold . cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

How Much Throughput Headroom Is Enough? Based on m y per son al obser vat ions ( and m y play - it - safe nat ur e) , I w ould suggest t hat y ou leav e 25 t o 30 percent of you r t hr ou ghpu t u nsold. I t is mor e im por t ant t o cust om ers' sat • ensur e y ourTable of Content s isf act ion t han t o at t em pt t o sq ueeze ou t ev er y last p en ny of pr of it . Wit hout a t hr ough put r eser ve, all y our cu st om er s w ill become in st an t ly • I ndex un happ y w hen an ot her net w sudd entwlyorappear s and t h eir t h r oughp ut dr ops t o De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W or i dek- Ar e a Ne ks zero. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Enhancing Network Security As a w ir eless n et w or k oper at or , y ou wan t t o do ev er yt h ing possib le t o help you r cust om er s f eel com for t able u sing y our n et wor k . Your cu st omer s w ant t o b e r eassur ed t h at t heir dat a will r em ain conf id en t ial and t h at t h eir n et w or k w ill not be at t ack ed or hack ed . The m or e inf orm at ion t hat •y ou g ive y ourTable Content s cu stofomer s abou t y our secur it y pr oced ur es, t he m or e com f ort able t hey w ill f eel. •

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De pl oy cense W irt h e le - Ar e at Ne Ther e ing ar eLim any- Fr stee eps atssyW oui deneed o ttw akorekst o m aint ain and pr eser v e t he con fident ialit y and int egr it y of y our cust om er' s d at a. At t he sam e t im e, y ou w ant t o p rev en t u naut h or ized users By Jack Unger fr om st ealing ser v ice on y our n et wor k . lish er: Cisco Press FirstPub , as you alr ead y k now , secur it y is r elat ive, n ot absolut e. Alt h ough no net w or k can b e m ade Pub e: February 10 0 p erDat cent secur e26, 10200 0 p3 er cen t of t h e t im e, ev ery st ep y ou t ake r educes t h e lik elih ood of a I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 secur it y p rob lem . Exp lain t h is t o y our cust om er s and adv ise t hem of t he secur it y pr ecau t ions t hat y Pages: ou hav35e2 t aken at each layer of y our n et wor k . Here are som e of t h ose pr ecaut ion s:

P ra ct i ce w i re d ne t w ork se cu ri t y— Secur e y our w ir ed n et wor k . St ay u p t o dat e on k now n at t ack s dir ect ed at t r ad it ion al w ired I PSs and pu t coun t er m easu res in place w henev er necessar y. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. U se p ropr ie t a ry ha rd w a re an d soft w a re — Whenever p ossible, use p rop riet ar y w ireless har dw ar e an d sof t w are. For ev er y 10 0 people w ho hav e 802 .1 1b hack in g sk ills, t here is Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er less t han one per son w h o can hack non- 802 .1 1b w ir eless equ ipm en t . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s U se u niq ue ne t w ork I D s— Do n ot u se t he def ault n et w or k I D or ext end ed serv ice set I D (Lear ESSI ; use a ov uniqu D.it Recent surrv eys ofwwirireless elessI AP ow t h at abou t on e half of all n D) how t o pr id e eprI of ab le and eliable nt eruse net sh access APs ar e using t h e default I D an d are w ide open t o un aut hor ized user s. Som e new er oper at ing emeff s,ect suiv che as Winment dow sand XP, ant snifenn f t he serv ices set ( SSI Select t he syst m ost equip a sy st em f or IyDour ar D) ea or ESSI D r eg ar dless of w hat y ou set it t o. Even so, y ou shou ld chan ge y our ESSI D t o som et hin g ot h an mt he ault vencount alue. er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Avher oid tcom on dpef it falls Ena blize e Wt he i re d Equi ent Pand riv a int cy er (W — on Recent , pw ublished p ress r ep or t s hav e Minim ef fect s va of lnoise ferEP en)ce y ourlynet ork concen t r at ed on t he vu ln er ab ilit ies of WEP; how ever , WEP capabilit y d oes h elp im pr ove En joyittyh eansat secur d shou isf actldion n ot of bperov ignor iding ed.wSu ir eless rv eysI nsh t ern owetonly access ab out t o 20 youpercent r comm un of it APs y hav e WEP enabled. I f y our APs hav e t he capab ilit y t o use WEP w it hou t a not iceab le per for m ance ice t h ey ou bu siness inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) rPredact uct ion, should pr enable WEP. Use 1a,aconi 80 2.ng— 11 b, Iand 8 02. 11wgork equdipm t mneed or e successfully in y our enabled, ow n homt u e,rnoffitice, Tur n8 02. of f 1be f y our net oes en not t o hav e beaconing or ou t door env ir onm en t off . Th is pr ev ent s som e net w or k- scann in g pr ogr am s fr om snif fing t h e ESSI D of t h e AP. Chse oose t he ight tnet or ks— ar ch it ect e f or y cont our w ir eless net w or U a cce ssr con rol wl ist Use anuraccess r ol list based onk eit her MAC ad dr esses or I P add resses. Sur e, ad dr esses can be sp oofed, b ut rem emb er : Each st ep t hat y ou t ak e Con duct tphy sical ces sit eofsur v eying. s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys r ed uces he chan h ack Licenser ee w s— ide- Use areat hnet w ork ( WW ANs) id eufast deploym ofr low I m fpl emb er oadban nt 8 0 2 d . 1w x irf eless e at u re ese advsanced securpr it yovfeat res w henev erent you AP -or cost , access high - spcont eed r"oller last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s su ppor t s t h em . t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable Ena combl panies. WWANs viceWhet pr ovher iderysou ( I SPs) corp T m anager o e al l av a il ab leenable se cu ritI nt y er fenet at u ser re s— are r uand nning anorat 80 e2.I11b net w or sk tor deploy efficient b r oadban d nsecur et w oritky sf eat t haturdeliver ig h-r speed access f or en butild ings a pt hr eir opr own iet ar ycost n et- w or k , enable all t he es t hat hyou w ireless equ ipm and arpreas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ov ides. pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides comise Adv plett e, hose r ealcust w orld om er" st s ar w ht -ot oneed f in ish m "ordeesign, secu rit inst y tallat o r uniont heir , oper owatnion, v ir t an u ald pr sup iv at por e tnet in for w ormk,atuse ion f or w ireless fir ew alls Iwit SPs h Iand PSec, ot her or ror unganizat a t u nneling ion s deploy pr ot ocol. in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Coexisting with Other Wireless Networks I n man y cit ies, it is lik ely t hat t here w ill be m or e t han one W I SP in t own . The f ollow in g sect ions pr ov ide som e su ggest ions ab out wor k ing t oget her w it h ot her WI SPs so t hat ev ery one can benefit . •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Cooperating with Competitors By Jack Unger

You can cooper at e w it h ot her WI SPs in you r ar ea in man y w ays. Her e ar e some id eas: Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Sp li t t1-he m a-0rk I SBN: 58 705 69e-2t — You p rov ide ser vice f or t he cust om ers w ho y ou ar e m ost int er est ed in , and y ou agr ee t o let t h e ot her WI SP pr ovide ser vice f or t he cu st om er s t hat it is m ost Pages: 35 2 int er est ed in. Sp li t t he fre qu en ci es— I f y our WI SP and t he ot her WI SP b ot h wan t t o comp et e for t he sam e cu st omer s, agr ee t o u se eq uipm en t t hat op er at es on dif fer en t chan nels or on diff er ent ban ds. For exam ple, t h e ot her WI SP m igh t op er at e on 2. 4 GHz w hile you op er at e on 5. 8 Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. GHz. Roa m ing a gre e m e nt s— I f y our WI SP and t he ot her WI SP ar e u sing sim ilar equ ipm en t , Lear inhsid t ips f rom ex perienced ust r yb lead er t he t w o net w ork s. This y ou bn ot mer ig ht agr ee t oanallow y our custwir omeless er s t oind r oam et w een benefit s you r cust om er s b y w id en ing t he ar ea w her e t hey can obt ain ser v ice. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Interference from Other WISPs

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea I f you d iscover an int er fer ence pr oblem bet w een y our WI SP and a com pet ing WI SP, it w ou ld b e Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors best if t h e t w o of y ou cou ld m eet and solve t he p rob lem b et ween you rselves. You cou ld ag ree t o m odify you rize fr equencies, in g pat or en y our covyer ag net e areas Minim t he ef fect s hopp of noise andt er intns, er fer ce on our w ork t o m inim ize or elim inat e t he int er fer en ce. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y I f you f ind t hat you hav e a WI SP com pet it or w ho ref uses t o cooper at e, you r best cour se of act ion is pr obab t o tdh ocu en t t h pr e fr equencies, er lev els,ulan d eless locat ions t he ot h er W I SP Pr actlyice e bumsiness inciples usedpow b y successf wir I SPs of ( WI SPs) equipm ent and t hen m ake ch anges t o you r net w or k t o m inim ize t h e int erf erence. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

TI P

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys I f possib le, see if you can swit ch t o t he opp osit e ant enna polar izat ion, such as fr om Licensev er tf ical r ee bt or oadban hor izont d al. w irIeless t mig w htideb e area inconv net enien w orkt st o( WW chang ANs) e t he pr ov p olar id e izat fastion deploym of y our ent of low cost , cust highom - spereed ' s ant " last enn -m as, ile"but w irt eless his is It nt h eersimp net access. lest , lowLicenseest - costfrwee aywtiro eless m inim t echnolog ize y deliv er s t heseint benefit er fer en s ce. w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost Iprf ohib you it b iv elieve t hat ing t heLicenseot her WFr I SP oper at in g witArea h illeg ally high pow can tuse r um e. Deploy ee is Wir eless WideNet w or k s is t heerf,ir you st book hat aprsp ovect ides analy zere,t or eald et er m ine" st t har e tact e r adiat pow er, oper lev el.atThen, t o sch ule com plet w orld - t o-ual f in eff ishect " div esign, insted allat ion ion, ant rdy sup pored t in foramm ateet ioning f or and dip lom at ically suher ggest t hat if ion h e sr ed uces in hg is out powdoor er dow t o t he legalincluding level, n eit h erer hage e nor w ireless I SPs and ot or ganizat deploy wirneless WANscov of y80 ou2.w ill h ave t o1b, w ast e t.1 im1g, e discussing t h eary m-at w it hntet hew FCC. 11a, 802 .1 802 and pr opr iet prt er ot ocol or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

I f you b elieve t hat an ot her WI SP is in t en t ionally int er fer in g w it h y ou, y ou need t o docum ent t hat oper at ion ( again, w it h a sp ect r um an alyzer ) an d t hen cont act you r law yer t o discuss t he possibilit y of filing a civ il lawsuit against t he ot h er WI SP.

Interference with Amateur Radio Operations •

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The FCC licen ses am at eur r adio oper at ors; t her ef ore, t heir operat ion has pr iorit y ov er license• I ndex fr ee oper at ion. Leg ally , y ou m ust n ot cause int er fer en ce w it h am at eur r ad io oper at ion. Also, y ou De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks m ust accept in t er f er ence fr om amat eur rad io oper at ion. I n act ual p r act ice, it is p ret t y unusu al t o By Jack Unger int er ference t o or f rom am at eu rs becau se not m an y act iv e am at eur s oper at e on t he exp er ience 2. 4- GHz an d t h e 5- GHz ban ds. I f an in t er f er ence pr oblem d oes occur , consider chang ing fr equ Puben lish cies er: Cisco or r econ Press figu rin g y our ant enna syst em t o elim inat e t h e pr oblem . Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

NO TE You m ig ht w ant t o consider get t ing an am at eur r adio license. I t is a g r eat w ay t o exp er im en t an d lear n a lot ab out w ir eless t echnolog y. I t is also a good w ay t o serv e Best tpr heact pub ices licf in or tplan im esning of em and er deploy gency. m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Living with the FCC I n t he Unit ed St at es, t he FCC is t he g over nm ent body t h at r egulat es all w ir eless com mu nicat ion s, bot h license f r ee an d licensed . The n ex t sect ions p rov ide in for m at ion t h at h elp s y ou t o accomp lish t he f ollowin g: •

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e legally he De pl oyOp inger Liat cense - Fr ee Wwirite hin le ss tW i delaw - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Under st and t he FCC equipm ent cer t ificat ion pr ocess

PubRespond lish er: Cisco t oPress FCC

in quir ies

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Lob by 1-t h58e705 FCC I SBN: -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Observing FCC Power Limits FCC regu lat ions set m ax im u m r adiat ed p ow er lim it s f or license- fr ee syst em s in t h e I SM an d UNI I ban ds ices in t he edning St atand es. deploy These pmow s arband e designed t o m inim ize int er fer en ce and Best pr act f orUnit plan ener t oflim britoad WWANs. m axim ize t h e num b er of p eop le w ho can use t h e band s sim u lt aneously . in sid er ds t ips wir eless r y lead Ther eLear ar e nt hou san of ftrom im esan m ex oreperienced u ser s of licen se- frind ee ust equip mentert han t h er e ar e FCC per son nel av ailab le t o enf or ce t he r ules and r eg ulat ions. I t d oes not t ake man y people r un ning illegal highst ands ttoher aise p rinciples h aterun der level lie t h eanoper of all wirs eless sy st pow erUnder am plifier t he in tterf ence d m at akion e t he band unu sab leem fors ev ery one. To k eep int er ference lev els u nder cont r ol, licen se- f ree equip ment m ust b e t est ed along w it h t he Lear n sthow o pr ov id e pr of ab le and rineliable I ntspecif er net ied access ant enn a sy em tan d cer t ified t oit be operat g w it h w inirteless h e FCCp ower lim it s. he mply ostweff iv eFCC equip ment ant enn a syUnf st em f or ely y our ea WI SPs ar e eit her Most Select WI SPs tcom it hect t he r ules andand r egulat ions. or tsunat , aar f ew not aw ar e of t he FCC pow er lim it at ions or choose t o ignor e t h e r ules. I t is imp or t ant for y ou t o Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors learn w hat t he legal pow er lim it s ar e an d t o obey t h ese lim it s. The alt er nat ive is t o h ave t he FCC t igh t en u p it s r egu lat ion s or even t o pr ohibit license- f r ee operat ion com plet ely . Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

NO TE

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Tables 6- 1 , 62 ,iran d 6or ou t door env onm en3t in Ch apt er 6 list t he FCC pow er limit s in t h e Un it ed St at es, and Table 7 - 1 in Ch apt er 7 p r ovides sever al exam p les of equ iv alent isot r opic r adiat ed pow er ( EI RP)r ight calcu latwions. Ch oose t he net or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys ILicensef you arfer ee locat ed ou t sid e irt he Unit at es,net it w should be clear at obser ving ent t h e of r ules b r oadban dw eless wed ide-Starea ork s ( WW ANs) t opryou ov idteh fast deploym low and ions y our 's licenI nt sinergnet au taccess. hor it y isLicensea wise fr d ecision t h at thelps you yenhan ces cost ,r egulat high - sp eedof" last - mcou ile"ntwriry eless ee w ir eless echnolog deliv er t he st ab ilit y of netrequ w or kirin and s you o con t o oper e yided our nby et wlocal or k . tA f ewhone count hese benefit s wyou it h rout g t hallow e use of prt od uct tsinue or serv ices at p rov elep orr ies rcable eq uir com e user licensing in t he 2. 4 - GHz and.ser I f vice t h is pr is ov t r ue r count , y ou sheould t ainlys t o panies. WWANs enable I nt erb net iderins you ( I SPs) andrycorp orat I T mcer anager obt ain gov er nm t al -app rov al b ef or e y oud dn ep r netdeliver w or k. h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t h eir ownencost efficient r oadban et wloy or kyou s t hat and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " Certification st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or FCC Equipment w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

The FCC r equir es t hat all license- fr ee t r ansm it t ing eq uipm ent be FCC cer t ified. Cer t if icat ion m ean s t hat a t est ing lab has v erif ied t hat t h e eq uipm ent , t h e am plifier ( if used) , an d t he ant enn a sy st em h ave been t est ed t og et h er ( as a com plet e syst em ) an d f oun d t o com ply w it h t he FCC pow er and spect ral pur it y r equir em ent s. Most WI SPs are cu rious and cr eat iv e, and en joy ex perim ent ing w it h var ious eq uipm ent an d ant enn a com binat ion s t o ob t ain t he best equ ip m en t p er for m ance. To st ay w it h in b ot h t he spir it and t h e let t er of t h e law , y ou, as a WI SP, need t o do one of t h e follow ing: •

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De pl oyUse ing Li cense - Fren eet W ir edlean ss tW i de - Arcom e a Ne twat orions ks equ ipm an enna b in

t he By Jack by Unger

t h at h ave alr eady been sent t o a cer t if icat ion lab

v en dor of t h e equipm ent .

Use an t enna sy st ems t hat st ay w it hin t he FCC pow er limit s and t hat you h ave b uilt in limit ed qu ant it ies ( less t h an six un it s) f or you r ow n use.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705en -0 t69an -2 d an t enna com b in at ions t h at y ou hav e sen t t o a cert if icat ion lab and t hat Use equ ipm hav Pages: e been 35 2 su ccessf ully cer t ified. This usually r equir es obt aining t r ansm it t er specif icat ion s fr om t he m anu fact ur er of t he equ ipm en t an d f or w ard in g t hese sp ecificat ions t o t he lab along w it h you r ant enn a syst em .

Sub mit t he specificat ions f or y our n ew ant enna syst em s t o y our wir eless equip ment m anuf act ur er and r eq uest t hat t he man uf act u rer ap ply for a " p er m issiv e change" t o it s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. exist ing equipm ent cer t ificat ion. The per m issive ch ange allow s WI SPs t o use t he new ant enn a sy st em in place of t h e ant enna syst em t h at t h e m anuf act ur er origin ally cer t ified w it h nt he equ enf trom . Lear in sid eriptm ips an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er I n t heUnder past ,stman WI pSPs ignor ed t heunequ cer t ificat st epwirand used uipm and yt he rinciples t h at deripliemten h et -oper at ionion of all eless sy steq em s ent t hat met t he sp ir it of t he law b ut not t he let t er of t he law . I n ot her w or ds, m any WI SPs used equip ment com binat t hat n id oteex FCC rpow er lim s but I tnt hat w ere n ot lab - cer t ified t o be Learions n how t o did pr ov prceed of it abt he le and eliable w iriteless er net access w it hin t he p ow er lim it s. Recen t ly, wit h t h e vast ly incr eased use of t he license- f r ee band s, t he FCC began Select m t he aking m ost u nann eff ectounced iv e equip v isit ment s t o and a fewant Wenn I SPs a sy t o stconf em ir sm f ort hat y ourt hey ar eaw er e u sing on ly cer t if ied equipm ent and ant enn a com binat ions. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors I f you ar e oper at ing w it h one or m or e non - lab- cer t if ied equipm ent and ant enn a com binat ions, andand int er fer en ce on oury our net weqork y ou mMinim igh t wize an t he t o ef spfect en ds tof henoise m oney send samp lesy of uipm ent t o a lab f or cer t if icat ion. This st ep w ill p rob ably feel bu r densome and w ill cost you up t o sev eral t housand joy cert t h e ifsat isfion act rion p rov iding w ir sav eless t ern et access t o bar yourassm r comm it y ly dollarEn s per icat un ,ofbut it w ill also e yI nou f r om leg al em en tun , cost equipm ent chang eou t s, and FCC fines. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

NO TE Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Do an I n t er net sear ch on " FCC Par t 1 5 Cer t if icat ion Lab " t o locat e a lab near y ou. Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s tResponding hese benefit s w itto h out requ Inquiries irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or FCC cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Hopefu lly , y ou w ill never ex perience a personal visit f r om t he FCC or receiv e a let t er or ot her and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost w r it t en cor respond en ce fr om it . I f y ou are ev er v isit ed, r em em ber t h at t h e FCC has t h e r ig ht t o pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides inspect y our equ ipm en t at any t im e, and y ou m ust allow it t o p er for m t his inspect ion. By com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or oper at ing a t r an sm it t er , even t houg h it is license- fr ee, you g iv e t h e FCC t he r ight t o in spect y our w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of equipm ent and r eq uest ( or or der ) y ou t o mak e an y ch anges n ecessar y t o com ply w it h t h e 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s com mu nicat ion s law .

I f you ev er r eceiv e w r it t en cor respond en ce fr om t h e FCC, y ou w ill be giv en a specif ic per iod of t im e t o mak e an off icial reply . I f y ou d o n ot r eply w it hin t he specified p er iod of t ime, y ou m ight be f ined and ord er ed t o shu t d own y our eq uipm en t . Th e w ise WI SP alw ay s r eplies appr opr iat ely and in a t im ely fashion t o an y and all FCC corr espond en ce.

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De oy ing cense - Fr ee W ir e letss i de - Ar euanicat Ne twion or ks Altpl hou gh Lit he FCC m akes h eWcomm s r ules, it is also open t o con sider ing new r ules and m odify ing exist ing r ules. Com panies and ind ividu als can p et it ion , lobby , an d com m en t on By Jack Unger chang es t o t h e com m un icat ion s laws. Th ese chan ges m ight be b en ef icial t o t h e pub lic as a w hole, beneficial t o some segm ent of t he w ir eless indu st r y , or p er hap s beneficial t o only one Pub lish er: Cisco Press w ireless com pan y. The m ost successfu l lobb ying eff or t s ar e ones t hat use t h e ser v ices of FCCPub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 specialized, Washin gt on- b ased ( exp en siv e) law f irm s. Sm all com panies t h at w ant t o pet it ion or I SBN: 1- 58ges 705 -0 lobby for chan w69 ill-2pr obab ly be m ost successfu l by j oining one of t h e exist ing w ireless Pages: 2 s gr oup s t hat has r egu lar con t act w it h FCC p er sonn el. App en dix B list s sever al of com mu nicat35 ion t hese gr oup s.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Anticipating Emerging Trends You hav e pr obab ly heard it said t hat t h e only const ant is chang e. Chang es in t h e w ireless indu st ry occur pr act ically ever y w eek . The sect ions t h at f ollow descr ibe t r ends t hat can af fect t h e w ay s you cond uct y our w ir eless bu sin ess. •

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

CPE Equipment Cost Reductions By Jack Unger

Mor e and m or e people ar e u sing w ir eless LAN eq uipm en t in t heir b usin esses and hom es. As t his er: Cisco m arPub ketlishbecom esPress lar ger, it cont inu es t o dr iv e dow n t he cost of 8 02. 1 1b har dw ar e. This har dw ar e Pub Dat e: February 26,n200 3 uces t he cost of 80 2. 11 b equ ip m en t t h at is u sab le by WI SPs. You cost r ed uct ion, in t ur , r ed I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 m ight w ant t o k eep up t o dat e on t h is t r en d b ecause soon CPE w ill be av ailable in t he u nder $2 00 pr ice ran Pages: 35 2 ge, including a built - in ant enn a and p ower - ov er - Et hern et ( PoE) capabilit y .

802.11 Creep Best pr act f or plan ning and l deploy en tbecom of br oad band 80 2. 11b h ices as been so successfu t h at it m has e t he d e WWANs. fact o br oadban d wir eless st and ard , and 80 2. 11 b capab ilit ies ar e app ear ing in a w ider v ar iet y of d ev ices. Soon, 802 . 11b ( and f ollow on 802 . 11a and 802 . 11g t echnology ) will b e as com mon as t he r em ot e con t rol for you r t elev ision Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er set . Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Mu lt ib and w ir eless chip set s w ill app ear t hat allow 802 . 11b capabilit ies t o b e included in m ost consum er ndevices, suov ch idas p erofsonal t ers, p er sonal alnet assist an t s ( PDAs) , p rin t er s, cell Lear how t o pr e pr it ab lecom andpu r eliable w ir elessdIigit nt er access ph ones, video cam er as, and so on. The per vasiv e pr esence of 80 2. 11 b, 80 2. 11 a, 802 . 11g , and Bluet oot h t ech w ill e ea equip dou bleed ged orenn d for W st I SPs—t w ill ar b eeabot h a b lessing and a Select t henology m ost eff ectbiv ment andsw ant a sy em s f h oreyy our cur se. On t he one hand , y ou w ill h ave access t o usable t echn olog y at low er pr ices t hat w ill allow y ou t oAvdeliver mm oron e cr eat iv eencount w ir elesserser t o you r cu stnet omer s.k On t he ot her han d, y ou will oid com p it falls ed vices b y new w ir eless w or oper at ors need t o learn how t o w or k ar oun d t he hig her lev els of w ir eless n oise, int er fer en ce, an d hacking t hat wMinim ill be ize p resent t he ef . fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

802.11b and Integration Pr act ice t h e Cellular bu siness prService inciples used b y successf ul

wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80and 2. 11( b, ipm en t tm or ehone successfully y our ow nt ohom The r ollout of br oadb 3G)and ser8v02. ice 11 b yg t equ he cellular elep car r ier s in is pr ov ing b e e, off ice, orely ou tex door env ir onm ening t t he in vest m en t of b illions of d ollar s. I n com p arison, t he r ollout of ext r em pensive, r equir br oadb and 802 . 11b hot sp ot serv ice is inexp en siv e. Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k The cellular t elep hone com pan ies w ill, at t he v ery least , seek t o lev er age t his t rend t o low er t heir Con phybr sical sitand e sur v ey s anThis d r ad r eq uency sit e sur v eys cost of pr duct ov iding oadb ser v ice. wioill flead t hem (t RF) o deploy new cell ph one han dset s t hat include 802. 1 1b t ech nology . When a caller is out of ran ge of a 3G cell sit e, t he p hone will Licenseb r oadban w ir.1 eless w idenet w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low at t em pt ftroeer oam t o an d802 1b hot spotarea . cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s tCellular hese benefit s w out g tthoedom use in ofatpr uct s or serv ided byerlocal t elep hone one or car rier s itmhig ht requ also irin seek e od the hot spot mices ark etp.rov Rem emb : Wired t eleph cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager ser v ice was a m onop oly in t h e Un it ed St at es u nt il r ecent ly . Th e m onopoly - cr eat ed in cu m bent s t o deploy t h eir owncom cost - efficient b r oadban et w orek smost t hat of deliver h ig hf orpanies bu ild ings local t elep hone panies t od ay ow n an dd noperat t he cellu larspeed t elephaccess ony com in and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost t he Un it ed St at es. I n t he sam e w ay, it is not un reasonable f or t h ese sam e com p anies t o -at t em pt pr iv e.tDeploy Licenseeless Widet o ohib gainit con rol anding dom inat e tFr heeew Wir ir eless hot spot Area m arkNet et . w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Other Trends This sect ion m ent ions a few mor e em er gin g t rend s t hat y ou, as a pr ogr essiv e WI SP, can k eep y our ey e on.

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Mor or e -people, r igu ed- Ar bye at he concept s of w ir eless net w or king an d com m unit y ser vice, De ple oyand ing Lim cense Fr ee W ir eint le ss W i de Ne tw or ks ar e deploy ing com m un it y net w or ks t hat p r ovide fr ee 802 .1 1b w ireless I n t er net access. You, as a By Jack Unger WI SP, m ust det er m ine t h e r ole t hat you w ant t o play in t his emer ging com mu nit y n et w or k ing m ovem ent . Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Hot Spots Pages: 35 2

The h ot spot concep t of p rov iding b road band w ir eless I n t ern et access t o t he pu blic in select ed pu blic locat ion s ( such as airp ort s) and in select ed business locat ion s is gr ow ing r apidly . As a WI SP, y ou mig ht w an t t o par t icip at e in som e w ay in t h is business. Follow ing are som e w ay s in w hich you can par t icipat e: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Pr ovid e backb one b andw idt h w ir elessly f or t he hot spot s t hat ar e locat ed wit h in y our w ireless serervice Lear n in sid t ipsarfea. rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Mak e agr eemt he entpsrinciples wit h local hotun spder ot op s t hat allow y our f ixed sy w ireless Under st and t h at lie er t hat e or oper at ion of all wir eless st em s cust om er s t o connect at t he hot spot s w h en t hey ar e aw ay f r om t heir fix ed locat ion. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Place you r ow n hot spot s in hig h t r af fic locat ions. This allow s y ou t o p rov ide ad dit ional Select t he connect ivit m y ost for yeff our ectcu iv err ent equip w ir ment elessand custant omenn ersaand sy stadv em er s ftor isey your ourarf ixed ea w ir eless serv ices t o ev ery one wh o sees or uses you r hot spot s. Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 802.16 Standards En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y The I n st it u t e of Elect rical an d Elect r onics En gineer s ( I EEE) 802 .1 6 Work ing Gr oup on Br oadban d Wir eless Pr act Access ice t h ehas bu siness d ev eloped pr inciples st an dar used ds tbh yatsuccessf allow int ulerwir oper eless abilit I SPs y bet ( WI w een SPs)w ireless m et rop olit an - ar ea net w or k ( MAN) equ ipm en t op er at ing bet w een 1 0 GHz and 6 6 GHz. Alt houg h 8 02. 1 1a, not 80 2.cov 11 b, 8 02. 11 glicenseequ ipmfren m or es,successfully our hom e, off ice, t his stUse an dar d does er and t he cu rr ent eet band t he 8 02. 16 ainwyor kinow g gnrou p is or ou t door env ir onm en t cur r en t ly w ork ing t o ex pan d t h e st andar d t o t he licen sed and t he license- f r ee b ands bet w een 2 GHz and 11 GHz. I n t he next few y ears, t his w or k m ig ht lead t o gr eat er in t er oper abilit y bet w een Ch oose r ight net. w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k w ireless WANt he equip ment Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Broadband Equipment License- f r ee bOptical r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heset -benefit Shor r ang e br s w oadb it h out andrequ opt irin icalgequipm t h e useent of is pr av od ailab uct s le or now serv.ices Point p rov - t o-ided mu ltby ipoint localopt t elep icalhone or cable com equipm entpanies. is un der WWANs developm enable ent and I nt erbeginn net serinvice g t oprbov ecom ideres av ( I ailab SPs) le. andI nst corp ead orat of eusing I T m anager s t o deploy m icr ow av t h eir e r adio own link costs, - efficient t his op t ical b r oadban eq uipm d ent n et wuses or k seit t hat herdeliver lasers horiglight h- speed - em itaccess t ing diodes f or bu(ild LEDs) ings tand o send ar eas andw here r eceivt rad e britoadban ional w dir ed in for conn m atect ion. iv itI yn is t he eitfut h eru rcom e, t his pletopt elyical unav equ ailable ip m enor t m isight costhav - ea rprole ohib t o itpivlay e. Deploy as par ing t of Licenseyou r w irFr eless ee Wir n eteless w or kWide. Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Avoiding Black Holes Black holes in t h e galax y ar e inv isible, collapsed st ar sy st em s t h at h ave g rav it y levels so in t en se t hat t hey suck all n ear by mat t er in . The br oadban d w ir eless w or ld also h as a f ew black holes. Wir eless black holes ar e not quit e as int ense as black holes in t he g alaxy , b ut t he pr inciple is t h e •sam e. You cann Table Content s black holes in adv ance, but t hey can su ck all you r m oney aw ay. The ot ofsee t hese •follow ing sectI ndex ions descr ibe a few of t h ese m oney t r aps t o av oid. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

NLOS Equipment Performance Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub wir Dat eless e: February Ev ery p rod26, uct200 is3 a non- line- of - sig ht ( NLOS) pr oduct , yet no w ir eless pr odu ct is a t ru e I SBN: 158 705 -0 69 -2 NLOS pr odu ct . I f t his st at ement sound s like a cont r adict ion, p lease go back t o Ch apt er 6 an d r ead t Pages: h e sect " Non Line- of- Sig ht Feat ur es. " 35ion 2

Rem em b er : The goal of t his NLOS sect ion is t o pr ev ent you r m oney fr om b ein g suck ed int o a black hole. Ther e is st ill no m agic bu llet t hat can pr ev en t a micr ow ave sign al fr om b ein g at t enu at ed ( an d d iffr act ed and lost ) w hen it st r ik es an obst acle. This at t enuat ion m eans t h at t h e signal can not t rav el f ar t hr oug h a ser ies of dense obst r uct ions. Table 9 - 2 su mm ar izes t he Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. condit ions t hat aff ect lin k dist ances in an NLOS env iron m en t . Rev iew t his t able an d t he par agr aph s t hat f ollow it befor e y ou pu rchase NLOS equip ment . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Tab leov9id-2e .prFact Tha t Af fe NLOS k Di st an ce s Lear n how t o pr of it abor le s and r eliable w irct eless I nt er Lin net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea N LOSFact or Be st N LOSCondi t ion Av oidr ad com p iter falls er ed b yThe new w ir eless w or k oper at ed orspow er ( w it h in FCC Ef fect ive iatm edonpow ( orencount equ ivalent h igher t h e net ef fect ive rad iat isot rop ic r adiat ed p ow er ) r ules) , t he g reat er t h e NLOS dist ance. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Frequ en cy The low er t h e fr equency , t he gr eat er t h e dist ance. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Mu lt ip at h en vir onm ent The f ew er t he r ef lect ion point s, t he less t he m ult ipat h t h e gr eat he dist ance. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used band y successf ul er wirteless I SPs ( WI SPs) Mod ulat t yp e 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ OFDM b y some t o in bey bet a m ult h Use ion 8 02. 1 1a, ipmis enbeliev t m or ed e successfully ourt er owin n hom e, ipat off ice, env iron ment . or ou t door env ir onm en t Ant enn a d ir ect iv it y The m or e d ir ect iv e t h e ant enn a, t he gr eat er t h e Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k dist ance. Conhpu duct io- f rlow eq uency sit hpu e sur Thr oug t phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r adThe er t h e (tRF) hr oug t ,vteys he gr eat er t h e dist ance. Ob st acle qu b ant it y f ew obst acles, hee gr eatdeploym er t he d ist ce.low Licensef r ee r oadban d w ir eless w ide- areaThe net w orkers t(he WW ANs) pr ovt id fast entanof cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Ob st acle spacing The m or e space bet w een ob st acles, t he g reat er t h e t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or dist ance. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d nThe et wsh or kort s er t hat h igance, h- speed Lin k dist ances t h deliver e link dist t h e access gr eat erf or t hebu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost t hr ou ghpu t . pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Ev en w h en all t h e fact or s t h at com bine t o det er min e com m un icat ions dist ance ar e opt im ized , t he 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

best NLOS sy st em d oes not com m un icat e f ar in a d en sely obst r uct ed en vir onm ent . For ex amp le, alt hou gh an NLOS sy st em mig ht wor k w h en t he LOS pat h is obst r uct ed by a f ew t r ees, t h e syst em d oes n ot w or k w hen t he sign al has t o pass t h rou gh a d en sely w ooded for est . I n con clusion, it is bet t er t o spend you r t im e det erm inin g h ow y ou can obt ain bet t er LOS p at hs ( hig her CPE ant enn as, mor e APs cov erin g shor t er dist ances, and so on ) t h an d ream ing about all of t hose p ot en t ial NLOS cust om er s w ho ar e m agically g oing t o g et r eliable conn ect iv it y t hr oug h m iles an d m iles of dense t r ees. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Receiver Performance Near High-Power Transmitters By Jack Unger Anot h er black hole t o wat ch out f or is poor r eceiv er perf or man ce w hen an ind oor LAN car d is Pub lish er: Cisco Press used out door s on a sit e t h at h as sev eral near by high - pow er t r ansm it t er s. I n t his env ir onm en t , Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 w it hout add it ional f ilt er ing, t hese car ds are not lik ely t o r eceive ver y far . Rem em ber t he I SBN: 1- 58t705 -0 -69 -2 w ir eless LAN car ds: Th ey are design ed f or use ind oors wit h a built - in follow ing abou low cost 2 ant ennPages: a in a35low - pow er env ir onm en t . They ar e not designed for u se out door s, w it h ext er nal ant enn as near m ult iple h igh- p ow er t ran sm it t er s. I f you p lan t o use low - cost LAN car ds wit h out door ant en nas on AM, FM, or TV t ow er s or on r ooft op s t hat hav e m ult iple cell ph one and pag ing sy st em t r ansm it t er s, plan t o use ban dpass filt er sprt o t en uat t h ening nearand by hdeploy ig h- pow Wit h outWWANs. ex t ern al f ilt er ing t o p rot ect LAN car ds Best actatices f or eplan mer en tsignals. of br oad band fr om over load , y ou mig ht n ev er get t hem t o receiv e pr op er ly on such sit es. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

Commercial Tower Companies Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all

wir eless sy st em s

The bLear eh avior of lar ( nat com m ercial t ow com panies can som et imes consum e y our n how t o ge pr ov id eionw pr ofide) it ab le and r eliable wer ir eless I nt er net access m oney like a black hole. Occasion ally , t ow er com pany man agement behav es in way s t h at r eq uirSelect e y ou t he o spend m ost teff hou ectsan iv eds equip of dollar ments and in inant st allat ennion a syand st emmsaint f or enan y our ce ar fea ees t hat you nev er ant icipat ed sp en ding . For ex am ple, t h ese com panies can r equ ir e t h at sub sid iar y in st allat ion Av oid (com it falls encount er ed b yernew eless net w or k operm atight ors char ge y ou com panies t hatmt on heyp ow n) do all y our t ow w or w k.irThese su bsidiaries t hou san ds of d ollar s t o per for m r out ine in st allat ion and m aint enan ce w or k on y our ow n t ow erize t he ef fect of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork m ountMinim ed ant enn a sy st ems s. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

NO TE Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en tgo somet hin g lik e t his: The con ver sat ion m ight Ch oose netplifier w or k ar it ect ur eerf or y our w ir eless You: " I t thhe in kr ight m y am oncht he t ow h as failed. Can I net gowuor p kan d replace it ?" Con su duct phy sical "sit e surw v ey f r eqtuency ( RF) siter e sur eys h as failed, Mr . The bsid iaries: Gosh, e' rse an sordr ryad t oiohear hat y our t ow am vplifier Br ow n. On ly w e can clim b t h at t ow er safely , and w e'll h ave t o char ge y ou $30 00 t o License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low clim b t he t ow er and replace y our am plif ier . By t h e w ay, w e' r e kin d of b usy r ig ht now , cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s bu t w e shou ld b e able t o get b ack t o y ou in ab out 2 0 day s. " t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas here t radhole! it ional ir ed ect ivwitill y is h er ed com unav ailable orerislycost Bew are of w t he black Bewsu re tconn hat you beeit allow t oplet useely y our own ( p rop t r ained, pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov insur ed, an d af for dab le) inst allat ion com pany befor e y ou sign a lease t o place you r equipmides ent com e, nas r eal-on w orld " stmarert -cial t o- f tinow isher" d inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or and plet ant en a com sitesign, e. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Changes to Government Licensing Regulations A g over nm ent al ag en cy or comm u nicat ion s comm ission r egulat es t he use of license- fr ee fr equ en cies in most cou nt r ies. This comm ission has t he p ower t o eit her st imu lat e or inhib it t h e use of licen se- f ree w ir eless t ech nology . I f license- fr ee w ir eless ap pears t o be beneficial, it is likely t hat t h e gov er nm ent w ill en cou r age add it ion al user s. I f licen se- f ree w ir eless appear s t o be det r im en t al, t he g over nm ent can r ed uce or ev en end t he u se of license- fr ee eq uipm ent . •Recen t ly, in on Table of Content e cou nt r y , t she gov er nm ent pr ohibit ed new license- fr ee use of t h e 2. 4- GHz ban d. •Man y unlicenIsed ndexusers deployed illegal high - pow er am plifiers, an d t he int er fer en ce lev els De pl oy ing Li cense ss W - Ar e a Ne or ks becam e so high- Fr t hee at Wt hiree legov eri de n ment fintw ally st epp ed in and bann ed all n ew users. I f y ou w er e a WIJack SP Unger in t hat count r y an d su ddenly y ou cou ld n ot ad d n ew cu st omer s t o you r net w or k, you w ould By fin d y our self f allin g in t o a black hole. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Never ab use t he licen se- f ree op er at ing pr iv ileges t h at y ou cur rent ly enj oy . The b est guar ant ee Dat e: February 26, 200 3 t hatPub y ou will cont in ue t o en joy license- f r ee op er at ing p riv ileg es is t o oper at e legally and I et hicallySBN: . 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Review Questions 1:

A W I SP is an ex t ension of a w ired I SP. Tr ue or f alse?

2:

WII ndex SPs hav e b een arou nd sin ce about 19 95. Tr u e or false?

• •

Table of Content s

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

3 : The By Jack Unger

m ost pr ofit able w ir eless m ar ket s ar e t h ose wh er e b road band DSL an d cable I nt er net access ar e alr ead y av ailab le. Tr u e or false?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

4:

The m ob ile m ar k et w her e user s st ay conn ect ed w hile dr ivin g ar oun d is t he easiest m ar ket t o serv e. Tr ue or f alse?

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 5 : Cu st om er s

6:

pay y ou t o d eliv er band w id t h, n ot t h r ough put . Tru e or f alse?

You can b e successf ul in t h e w ir eless b usiness ev en if y ou don' t u nder st and t he m ean ing of decib els. Tr ue or false?

: ices All 80 11 b ning equ ipand m endeploy t b ranm dsenwt or w oad it h all ot her 80 2. 11b equ ip m en t br an ds w it h Best pr7act f or2.plan ofk br band WWANs. no pr oblem s. Tru e or false? Lear 8 : nWhy in siddo er w t ips ir eless f romcollisions an ex perienced r educe wir t h rou eless ghpind ut ?ust r y lead er Under st and t he ptrinciples t hag at eunofder t h e oper ion of s, allt hwir eless sy 9 : The h igher h e per cent r etlie r ansm it t edatpacket e lower t h st e em netsw or k t hr ou ghpu t . Tr ue or false? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 1 0 : You should alw ays sell all t h e t hr oug hpu t t h at y our n et wor k is capab le of deliv erin g. SelectTrt ue he m eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea or ost f alse? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 1 1 : The b est w ay t o d eal w it h a WI SP com pet it or is t o add an amp lif ier . Tr u e or false? Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Appendix A. Wireless Standards Summary •This ap pendix Table ofides Content s mm ar y t ab le of t he 80 2. 11 st and ard s. I t also includes r elat ed p rov a su •st andar d s su Ich ndex as 802. 1 x and 80 2. 16. De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tab le A-1 . W ir e le ss St a nd ar ds

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

St a nd ar d D e scri pt i on Pages: 35 2 80 2. 1x

80 2. 1x d ef ines a n ew fr am ew or k of aut hent icat ion an d encr y pt ion pr ocedu r es t hat ar e desig ned t o im pr ov e secur it y . Som e vend or s hav e begu n t o incor por at e pr opr iet ar y adapt at ion s of t hese feat u res int o t heir w ir eless eq uipm ent .

80 2. 11 80 2. 11 is t he origin al w ireless LAN st and ard . I t specifies bot h dir ect seq uence Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. spr ead spect r um ( D SSS) and f requ en cy hoppin g spr ead sp ect r um ( FHSS) m odulat ion t echniqu es. D SSS m odulat ion is specif ied w it h r aw dat a r at es of 1 Mbps 2 Mbp on 11 in perienced t he U. S.) 22 ideust chr yannels Lear n inand sid er t ips sf rom an (ex wir MHzeless wind lead erat 2 . 4 GHz. FHSS m odulat ion is specif ied w it h a r aw d at a r at e of 2 Mb ps using any of 78 possib le uences t h atat2.un 4 der GHz. Under sthop andping t he seq p rinciples lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 80 2.Lear 11a n how 80 2.t 11a specif iesofor t h ogonal eq uency ision iplexin g ( OFD M) in t hr ee 5 o pr ov id e pr it ab le and rfreliable w irdiv eless I ntm erult net access GHz su bban ds. These subb ands ar e 5 .1 50 MHz t o 5. 2 50 GHz ( in door use on ly) , t o eff 5. 3ect 50ivGHz ( in door ou tant door t o 5.ar82 Select t5. he25m0ost e equip mentorand ennu ase) sy, stand em s5.f725 or y our ea5 ( ou t door u se) . Ther e ar e fou r 20 - MHz chan nels per subb and. 8 02. 1 1a equ ipm en t m ust pr ovid e r awmdat r at es of 6 Mbps, 1 2bMbps, 2 4 Mbps m ig ht pr ovid e raw dat a r at es Av oid com on ap it falls encount er ed y new an w irdeless net wand or k oper at ors of 9 Mbp s, 18 Mbp s, 36 Mbp s, 48 Mbps, an d 54 Mbp s. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 80 2. 11b 80 2. 11b ad ds a high- r at e D SSS ph ysical layer w it h bot h a 5 Mbps and an 11 Mbps dat r at e. of 80 p2.rov 11b usesw tirhe samI n e t1ern 1 chan nels as he orig in al un 80it2.y 11 st andar d. En joy t hr aw e sat isfaact ion iding eless et access t o tyou r comm 80 2. 11d 80 2. 11d is an at t em pt t o ad d f eat ur es t hat allow 802 .1 1 rad ios t o op er at e legally in Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) count r ies out side of Nor t h Am er ica an d Eur ope. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, 8 02. 11dar g equ ipm en t m or in yenh ourancement ow n homse,t ooff ice, 80 2.Use 11e 8 02. The p r oposed 80and 2. 11e st an d adds qualit y eofsuccessfully ser v ice ( QoS) or ou t door env ir onm en t 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, and 802 . 11g . 80 2.Ch 11foose The t he pr ight r oposed net w80 or 1. k ar 11fchst it an ectdar ur edf or is an y our at twem ir eless pt t o net sp ecify w or kan int er - access poin t pr ot ocol ( I APP) t hat w ould allow com m unicat ion bet w een access point s m ade by Con ductdifphy e sur eyers. s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys fer sical en t msit anu factvur 80 2. 11gf r ee 80 2. 11g isd aw st andarw d idet hatarea allow s w fast a ANs) rat es pr ( up 4 Mbps) at 2.ent 4 GHz. The Licenseb r oadban ir eless net orkers dat ( WW ov tido e5 fast deploym of low 2. 11g and y conv olut cod ing ( PBCC)y deliv er s cost , high - sp80 eed " lastst -m ile"ard w irallow elesssI OFDM, nt er net packet access.binar Licensefr ee wion ir eless t echnolog ionrequ , and com y code key in g ( CCK) m odulat The CCK t hese benefitm s odulat w it h out irin80 g 2. t h11b e use of plement pr od uct ar s or serv ices p rov ided by local tion. elep hone or m odulat ion m ak es 8 02. g backw ar d-prcom pat ible w it h and 80 2.corp 11 b.orat e I T m anager s t o cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt11 er net ser vice ov ider s ( I SPs) deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings 80 2. 11h When adop t ed , t he 802 .1 1h st andar d w ill add dy nam ic fr equ en cy select ion and and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost t r ansm it t er pow er cont r ol t o 802 .1 1a. D yn amic f r eq uency select ion allow s an pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides access poin t t o select t he best fr equency t o use t o m in imize in t er f er ence. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or Tr ansm it t er pow er con t r ol allow s t he t r an sm it p ow er t o b e adju st ed t o t he w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of m inim um level n eeded t o com m unicat e w it h t he most dist ant user . 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

80 2. 11i

80 2. 11i is an ongoing eff or t t o define a new set of w ir eless secur it y f eat ur es t hat pr ov ide im pr oved aut h en t icat ion and encr yp t ion. 8 02. 11 i w ill incor por at e secur it y feat u res f rom t he 8 02. 1x st an dar d.

80 2. 15. 1

80 2. 15. 1 is a wir eless per sonal ar ea net w or k s ( WPAN) st an dar d t hat operat es at 2. 4 GHz and is based on t h e Blu et oot h v1 .1 specif icat ion . Bluet oot h is desig ned for shor t - r ange personal com m un icat ions bet w een not ebook com pu t er s, cell phon es, and ot h er h andh eld dev ices.

•

Table of Content s

• 80 2. 16

I ndex8 02. 1 6 st an dar d is d esign ed t o allow m et r opolit an - area net w ork ( MAN) The De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee ent W ir efr leom ss Wdi de Arent e a Ne tw orors ks t o int er oper at e in t he f requ en cy ran ge of 11 t o equipm iff -er vend 66 GHz. By Jack Unger

80 2. 16a

Wor k is pr ogr essin g on 80 2. 16 a ext ensions t o 80 2. 16 t hat w ould cover b ot h and license- fr ee eq uipm ent operat in g in t he 2 t o 10 GHz band s. This February 26, t200 includes h e 3cur rent 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz licen se- f ree ban ds.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press licensed Pub Dat e:

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Appendix B. Wireless Hardware, Software, and Service Provider Organizations •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

This ap pendix cont ain s a list ing of or ganizat ions t hat pr ovide w ir eless h ard w are, soft war e, By Unger serJack v ices, t est equ ip ment , book s, t r aining, perip herals, an d ind ust r y inf orm at ion. Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Hardware The com pan ies list ed in Table B- 1 d esign and m anu fact ur e w ir eless har dw ar e t h at is designed for br oadban d wid e- ar ea n et w or k ing. I n add it ion t o t hese, man y smaller com panies exist t hat eit her m anuf act ur e equipm ent or r esell equipm ent t hat is m anuf act ur ed b y larg er com pan ies. •These smaller Table Contentar s e t oo n um erou s t o list in t his sect ion. comofpanies •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tab le B- 1 . W ir e le ss H ar dw a r e Com pa ni es

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Com pI SBN: an y 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2W eb si t e

H a rdw a re Of fe re d

Alvar Pages: ion

2. 4- GHz an d 5 - GHz f r eq uencyhop ping spr ead spect r um ( FHSS) and dir ect - sequ en ce sp read spect ru m ( FHSS) equip ment .

35 2

w w w .alv ar ion. com

Aperpr t oact ices f or plan ning w w wand .ap erdeploy t on et w com 5- GHz license- fr ee ( and 2 .5 - GHz Best mor enk ts.of br oad band WWANs. and 3. 5 - GHz licen sed) point - t om ult ipoint syst em . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Cir r onet w w w .cir r onet .com 2. 4- GHz an d 5 - GHz W I SP ent . sy st em s Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion ofequipm all wir eless Cisco w w w .cisco. com Air onet 2. 4 - GHz access p oint an d Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I ntbreridg nete access har dw ar e; up gr adeable t o 5 GHz. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Lu cent / Avay a/ Ager e w w w .w av elan. com ; 2. 4- GHz access p oin t h ard w are; Av oid com m on p itwfalls encount b y new w or oper at ors w w .or inocowerired eless. com w ir eless netup grkadeable t o 5 GHz. Pr oxim pu rchased t his ent ir e line of Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork ent in 2002 . equipm Enola joy t h e sat isf actwion iding w ir/ canop eless Iy/ n t ern et access t o you un itand y Mot or w wof .mpotrov or ola. com 5- GHz poinr tcomm - t o- point poin t - t om ult ipoint equipm ent . Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Net nim ble w w w .n et nim ble. net 2. 4- GHz p rod uct s and per ipher als Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Nok ia www Roof t op 2. 4- GHz m esh net w or k. or ou t door env ir onm en.nt okia. com Pr oxim w w w .p r oxim . com Wide r an ge of w ireless LAN an d Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless WAN net w or k ipm en t . equ Con duct phy sical w sitwewsur v ey s .com an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) FHSS sit e sur eys Ray link .r ay link br vidg es an d access point s. Redlinef r ee b r oadban dw w ir weless .r edlinecomm u nicat s.scom 5- GHz e. deploym ent of low Licensew ide- area net wion ork ( WW ANs) pr ovbr ididg e fast cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Sm ar t br idges w w w .sm ar t br idges. com 2. 4- GHz LAN and WAN pr oduct s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable nt.er net ser vice pr ov ider s (2. I SPs) and corp e IT m anager Solectcom ek panies. WWANs w w wenable .solectIek com 4- GHz p oin t - torat o- poin t and p oin ts- t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver ig hspeed access f or. bu ild ings t o- mh ult ipoin t equ ip ment and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost w w w .t elet r onics. com Wide- Area Net w or Brkidges, access point ts, and prTelet ohibr itonics iv e. Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless s is t he f ir st book hat pr ov ides accessories. com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Tr ango

w w w .t ran gobr oadb and. com

5- GHz poin t - t o- point and poin t - t om ult ipoint equipm ent .

Wav er ider

w w w .w av erid er . com

See w eb sit e for d et ails.

West er n Mult ip lex

w w w .p r oxim . com

5- GHz equip ment . Pr oxim pu rchased West er n Mult iplex in 20 01.

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Table of Content s

• Wi- Lan

I ndex

w w w .w ilan. com

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

YDI

w w w .y di. com

By Jack Unger

See w eb sit e for d et ails. 2. 4- GHz an d 5 - GHz equ ipm en t an d accessories.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Low-Cost 802.11b Access Point Hardware This sect ion list s a f ew of t he man y comp anies t hat m anuf act u r e low- cost 802 .1 1b w ir eless LAN access poin t s. These access point s ar e d esigned for use in in door w ir eless LANs; h ow ev er, w ireless I n t er n et ser v ice p rov ider s ( WI SPs) of t en ad d ex t ern al ant enn as and deploy t h ese access •point s in ou t door Table W of ANs. Content Ths ese low - cost access p oin t s do not hav e t he f ull sof t w are fun ct ion alit y •t hat m or e ex Ipensiv ndex e equipm ent ( desig ned f or WI SP use) has. Op er at or s of f ree p ublic- access De pl oy ing - Fr e le ss W ily de u - Ar Ne tw or ks - cost access p oint s: com mu nitLiycense net w oreek sWfrirequent see at hese low By Jack Unger

D- Link ( w w w .d lin k. com ) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 200 Lin ksy s ( w w w26, .link sy3 s. com ) I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Net gear Pages: 35 2( net gear . com ) SMC ( w w w .sm c.com )

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Hotspot Hardware The f ollow in g com pan ies p rov ide h ar dw are, sof t w are, or ser vices for use by w ir eless hot spot pr ov iders: • •

Table of Content s

Air pat hw ir eless ( w w w .air pat h w ireless. com ) I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Bluesock et ( w w w .b luesock et .com )

By Jack Unger

Boingo ( w w w .b oingo. com ) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Caf ( w w26, w .caf Pub Daté.e:com February 200 3é. com ) I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Colub r is Net w or k s ( w w w .colub ris. com ) Pages: 35 2

Funk Sof t w ar e ( fu nk . com ) Hot spot zz ( w w w .h ot spot zz. com) iPass ( w wf w ass.ning com)and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr act ices or.ip plan Jolt age ( w w w .j olt age. com ) Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Net Near U ( w w w .n et nearu .com ) Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s NoCat ( w w w .n ocat .n et ) Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Nom adix ( w w w .n om adix. com ) Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Spu t nik ( w w w .spu t nik . com ) Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Reefedge ( w w w .r eefedge. com) Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork Way por t ( w w w .w ay por t . com ) En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Free Space Optical Hardware The f ollow in g com pan ies d ev elop or su pply f r ee space op t ical net w ork ing equipm ent t hat m ight be u sef ul t o WI SPs: • •

Table of Content s

Fson a ( w w w .f sona. com ) I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Om nilux ( w w w .om n ilu x. net )

By Jack Unger

Plaint r ee ( w w w .p lain t r ee. com) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Security Hardware and Software Table B- 2 list s a few of t h e m any com panies t hat supp ly eq uipm ent design ed t o m ake n et wor k s, bot h w ir ed an d w ir eless, m ore secur e. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Tab le B- 2 . Se cu r it y H ar d w a r e an d Sof t w ar e Com pan ie s

Pubp lish Com aner:y Cisco

Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Global Techn ology I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Associat es

W eb si t e

P rodu ct

w w w .g t a. com

Wir ed f irew all and VPN pr odu ct s

w w w .m u lt it ech. com

Access point plu s secur it y pr odu ct s

Pages: 35 2

Mu lt it ech

Secu repoin t w w w .secur ep oin t . com Wir ed f irew all and VPN Tech nologies pr odu ct s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Sm oot hw all w w w .sm oot hw all. or g/ comm u nit y / hom e Op en sour ce fir ew all Sonicw alln in sid er t ips f romwan w wex .sonicw all.com Lear perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Wir ed f irew all and VPN pr odu ct s Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Antenna Systems The f ollow in g com pan ies m anu fact ur e an t en na sy st ems t hat are u sef ul f or out d oor w ir e- less WANs: • •

Table of Content s

Cu sh cr af t ( w w w .cush cr aft .com ) I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Gab riel ( w w w .g abr ieln et . com )

By Jack Unger

Max r ad ( w w w .m ax r ad. com) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Mob ileFebruary Mark ( 26, w w200 w .m Pub Dat e: 3 ob ilem ark . com) I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pac Wir eless ( w w w .p acw ir eless.com ) Pages: 35 2

Rad io Wav es ( w w w .r ad iow av esinc. com ) Sup er pass ( super pass.com ) Tilt ekices ( t iltfek. com ning ) Best pr act or plan and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Coaxial Cable Table B- 3 list s som e comp anies t hat m anuf act ur e low - loss coax cable of t en u sed by WI SPs.

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Tab le B- 3 . Coa x Ca ble M a nu f act ur e r s f or W I SP U se

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Com p an y

W eb si t e

P rodu ct

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

And rew Pub Dat e:

w w w .an dr ew. com

February 26, 200 3

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Beld en Pages: Tim es Micr owav e

35 2

w w w .b eld en .com

Ex t ensive select ion of ant enn as, coax cab le, an d ant enn a sy st em p r oduct s Coax cable

w w w .t im esmicr ow ave. com Coax cable an d coax con nect or pr oduct s t h at ar e pop ular am ong WI SPs

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Towers and Antenna Mounting Hardware Table B- 4 list s som e comp anies t hat m anuf act ur e t ow er s an d accessor ies t hat are su it able for WI SP u se. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Tab le B- 4 . Tow e r or Acce ssor y M a nu fa ct ur e r s for W I SP Use

By Jack Unger

Pubp lish Press Com aner:y Cisco W eb si t e

P rodu ct

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Heig ht s I SBN: Tow er

w w w .Heigh t sTow er s. com Alum inum t ow er s

1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2

Roh n

w w w .r oh nnet . com

An ex t ensive lin e of st eel t ow er s and ant enn am ount in g pr oduct s

Tr ylon

t r y lon . com

Alum inum t ow er s

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Lightning-Protection Equipment The f ollow in g com pan ies m anu fact ur e ligh t ing- p rot ect ion eq uipm ent design ed t o pr ot ect out door ant enn a sy st em s: • •

Table of Content s

Cit el ( wIw w .cit elpr ot ect ion .com ) ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Hy perlink ( w w w .h yp er link t ech . com )

By Jack Unger

Poly phaser ( w w w .p olyp haser . com) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Grounding Equipment The f ollow in g com pan ies m anu fact ur e g rou ndin g h ard w are design ed f or low - imp ed ance light n ing- p rot ect ion sy st ems: • •

Table of Content s

Er ico ( wI ndex w w .er ico. com )

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Poly phaser ( w w w .p olyp haser . com)

By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Test Equipment A w ide ran ge of t est h ard w are an d sof t w ar e is available t o WI SPs. The m aj orit y of t his equipm ent is desig ned for ind oor w ir eless LAN u se; how ever , some unit s m igh t p rov e u sefu l in t he out door WAN env iron ment . Table B- 5 list s som e of t he m aj or t est in g har dw ar e and soft w ar e •for WI SPs. Table of Content s •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Tab le B- 5 . W I SP Test i ng Ha r dw ar e or Sof t w ar e Com pa ni es

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Com pI SBN: an y 1- 58 705 -0 69 W -2 eb si t e

P rodu ct

Pages: 35 2 Air mag net

w w w .air m agnet . com

Lap t op and hand held- based w ir eless LAN analy sis t ools

Air oPeek

w w w .w ildp ack et s.com

Air oPeek Wir eless LAN analyz er

Av com of Vir gin ia w w w .av com ofv a. com Spect r um analy zers Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Berk eley bv syst em s. com A w ide ran ge of w ir eless LAN an alysis t ools Var it ron ics Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Et h er eal w w w .et h er eal.com A p r ot ocol analy zer t hat ru ns on Wind ows or X at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h eUNI oper Kismet w widwe.kprismet wle ir eless. et A sof w are Itnt ool hat access locat es access point s Lear n how t o pr ov of it ab and rneliable w irteless er tnet LP Tech nologies w w w .lp t echn ologies. com Spect r um analy zers Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Net st um bler w w w .n et st u m bler . com A sof t w are t ool t hat locat es access point s Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Snif fer w w w .snif fer . com Wir eless LAN analyzer TechMinim nologies ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Peripheral Equipment Distributors WI SPs t y pically use a v ar iet y of p er iph er al equ ipm en t , such as cable, con nect ors, t ools, an d w eat her- sealing pr oduct s. Th e follow ing com p anies dist rib ut e a w id e r ange of t h ese p rod uct s: • •

Table of Content s

Elect ro-ICom ndex m ( w w w .elect r o- com m .com )

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Elect ro- Com m West ( w w w .ecw est . com )

By Jack Unger

Talley ( w w w .t alley com m un icat ions. com) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tessco ( w w w .t26, essco. Pub Dat e: February 200 3 com ) I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Software The sof t w are list ed by t y pe in t he follow in g sect ions is u sefu l f or WI SPs.

•

Table of Content s

Access Point Software • I ndex De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Table B- 6 list s som e of t he m or e com mon ly available sof t w are for w ir eless access point s. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Tab le B- 6 . Access Poin t Soft w ar e

Pages: 35 2

Com p an y

W eb si t e

Kar lNet

w w w .k ar lnet . com

Mik rot ik

w w w .m ik r ot ik . com

P rodu ct

Soft war e t h at r un s on access point s and w ir eless clien t s t hat add s polling, band wid t h man agement , r out ing , pack regat ion ,WWANs. and ot h er W I SP feat ur es. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en tetofagg br oad band Access point and r out er sof t w are w it h m any f eat ur es t hat ar e useful t o w ir eless net w or k oper at or s. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Valem ou nt w w w .st at ion St ar OS access point and client sof t w ar e pr ov id es man y t he p rinciples t h at unWI derSP lie fteat h e ur oper Net wUnder ork s st andser v er. com es. at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Bandwidth Management Software

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Man aging w ireless b andw idt h is cr ucial f or WI SPs. The f ollow ing com panies pr ov ide ban dw idt hMinim izesof t he fectSev s ofernoise intcom er fer en ce y our orkion al har dw ar e t o r un t he m anagem ent t wef are. al of and t hese pan ies on also supnet plywopt soft w ar e: En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act e bu nologies siness pr inciples b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Em er ice gingt hTech ( w w w .etused inc. com) Use 8 02. 2.ack 11 b, and. com) 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, Packet eer1 1a, ( w w80 w .p et eer or ou t door env ir onm en t Allot Comm un icat ion s ( w w w .allot . com ) Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

Wireless Link Planning Software

License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost ,f ollow high -in spgeed last -ies m ile" wide ir eless nt er net Licenseir eless t echnolog delivher s The com" pan p rov m apI ping softaccess. w ar e t hat helps fryee ou wdet erm ine wh et hery you ave t hese s w it hhout he m use uctlocat s or serv a line-benefit of - sig ht pat betrequ w eenirin t wgot or oreofp pr hyod sical ions:ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings X (wwhere w w .edx and arED eas t rad. com) it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Micr w w ".ustsn p gut h/ w eb, sit e/ maticrod m )por t in for m at ion f or com plet e,odem r eal- w( w orld ara. t - ed t o-u/ f inUser ish "s/doceano/ esign, inst allat ion oper ion, em an d. ht sup w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Micr opat h ( w w w .m icr opat h. com ) 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Pat hloss ( w w w .p at hloss. com ) Rad io Mobile ( w w w .cplu s. or g/ r m w / english1. ht m l) Topo ( ht t p: / / m aps. nat ionalg eog rap hic. com / t opo)

Utility Software • Table of Content s •

I ndex

De pl oy ing Table B- 7Lilist cense s som - Fr eee W useful ir e le ss ut W ilit i deies - Ar efor a Newtw ir or eless ks net w or ks. By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Tab le B- 7 . W ir e le ss Ut il it y Soft w ar e

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Com p an y W eb si t e

P rodu ct

MRTG

ht t p: / / people. ee. et hz. ch/ ~ oet iker / w eb t ools/ m r t g/ Mu lt i- r out er Traf fic Grap her off ers open sour ce soft w ar e t hat m onit or s net w or k t r aff ic levels. Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Nagios

w w w .n agios.com

Nagios of fer s open sou rce net Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead erw or k m onit or ing sof t w ar e.

Qcheck w w w .n et iq . com / qcheck / how qcheckw or k s. asp Qcheck off er s sof t w are t hat Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s per for m s t hr ou ghpu t t est ing . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

Site Survey Software

Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors I n t he absence of a sp ect r um an alyzer , t he sit e su rv ey ut ilit ies list ed in Table B- 8 ar e h elp ful t o Minim fect int erinferaen on yar our ork ion t o t he f ollow ing , m ost det er min e wize hett he herefint er sferofennoise ce is and p r esent spce ecific ea.net I nwaddit pr im ary w ir eless LAN v en dor s pr ov ide fr ee sit e sur vey soft war e t h at op er at es w it h t heir har dwEn arjoy e. t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

Tab le B- 8 . Si t e Su r v ey Soft w a r e

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Com p an y W eb si t e P rodu ct Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys Telet r onics w w w .t elet r onics. com DSSS sit e sur v ey ut ilit y t hat r uns w it h t h e Telet r onics 2 License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w idew ork ( WW ANs) id ps e fast Mbarea ps carnet d an d psossibly t h e pr 11ov Mb car ddeploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Pr oxim witwh.p r oxim . com sur v ey ilit y ices t hatpru nsided w it hbyRan geLAN I car ds t hese benefit sww out requ irin g t h e FHSS use ofSit preod uct s oru tserv rov local t elepI hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Services The f ollow in g or g anizat ions p rov ide consult in g an d t rainin g ser vices t hat ar e sp ecifically designed for w ir eless secur it y , w ir eless WANs, and WI SPs. •

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

Consulting De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

The Final Mile ( w w w .t hefinalm ile. net ) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Wir I nfoNet , I nc. Pub Dateless e: February 26, 200 3

( w w w .ask - w i.com )

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Wir eless- Net s ( w w w .w ir eless- net s. com ) Pages: 35 2

Training Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sidTab er t ips rom wirw eless r y in lead le fB9 .anWexirperienced e le ss N et or kind Trust a in g erCom pa ni es Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Com p an y W eb si t e Ty pe of Tra in ing Of fe re d Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Com t r ain com t rain usa.com Tow er- clim bing t r aining Select t he m ost eff ectw ivw e wequip ment sy st em s f orral y our ar ea LAN t r aining Planet 3 Wireless .cw ne. comand ant enn aVendor - neut w ir eless Av oidI nfoNet com m,on p it fallswencount b y new w ir eless net-wneut or k ral oper ors I SP t rainin g Wir eless I nc. w w .ask -er wed i.com Vendor w at ir eless Wir elessw .w irand elessnet s.en com eless MinimNet izes t he ef fect s ofw w noise int er fer ce onWir y our netLAN w orkt rain in g En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Suggested Books for Further Reading The f ollow in g b ooks pr ovid e infor m at ion t hat is esp ecially usef ul t o designer s of w ireless W ANs and WI SPs: •

Table of Content s

The ARRL Han dbook f or Rad io Am at eu rs ( pub lished by t h e Am er ican Radio Relay Leag ue I ndex w wLiwcense .ar r l.- Fr org ) . irTh d r ef er ence book in t h e w ireless in dust r y w it h mor e De pl oy[ing ee] W e leis ssbook W i de -is Ar eaa st Neandar tw or ks t han 1 000 pag es of in for m at ion. By Jack Unger •

ARRL UHF/ Micr ow ave Ex perim en t er ' s Manu al ( pub lished by t h e Am er ican Radio Relay Th is book is a good m icr ow ave t heory t ex t b ook.

PubLeagu lish er: e Cisco Press ) . [ ARRL]

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

80 2. 111- Wireless Net w ork s—The Def init ive Guid e b y Mat t h ew Gast ( p ublished by O' Reilly I SBN: 58 705 -0 69 -2 and Associat es) . This is p rob ably t h e all- ar ou nd best 80 2. 11 book in t er ms of p r ovidin g Pages: 35 2 pr act ical 802 . 11 kn ow ledg e. I t pr im ar ily cov er s in door deploy m en t s, bu t som e out d oor inf orm at ion is also included. Micr ow av e Rad io Tran sm ission Design Gu ide b y Tr ev or Manning ( p ublished b y Ar t ech House) . This is an ex cellen t m icrow av e design book t h at ex plains m icrow av e t heor y at t he Best pr act ices in f or plan engineer g lev el.ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. I EEE 80 2. 11 Handb ook—A Designer' s Com p anion b y Bob O'Har a and Al Pet r ick ( p ublished Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an pr exov perienced wir eless r ylev lead er by I EEE Press) . This b ook id es a good enginind eerust ingel view of 80 2. 11. Under st and t he p rinciples h atwun t h e oper of all wir Br oadban d Fixed Wir eless tNet orkder s blie y Neil Reidat( pion ublished byeless McGrsy awst-em Hill/s Osb orn e) . This is a good ref er ence book on m any of t he aspect s of deploy in g wir eless WANs, includin g Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access licensed WANs. Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Micr ow av e Handb ook ( pub lished by t h e Radio Societ y of Gr eat Br it ain [ RSGB] ) . This is a t hroid ee- volum r im ar ily int ended usewby r adionet amat Thateors high qu alit y of t he Av com m eonset p itpfalls encount er ed bfor y new ir eless w oreu k rs. oper t heor et ical in for m at ion and t he h ands- on const ru ct ion inf or mat ion m ak e t hese book s usefu l for anyize one w ant in gs tof o gain in- int dept nder of m icr ow av e science and ar t . Minim t he ef fect noiseanand er h feruen ce st onanding y our net w ork Build it y iding Net w or s b y Rob Flick ger ( pu b y O' En joying t h eWireless sat isf actCom ion m of un p rov w irk eless I n t ern et en access t o blish you red comm unReilly it y and Associat es) . This b ook addr esses m any of t h e point s t hat need t o be consider ed by any one w ant m un used it y netbw basedul on 2. 11b t echnology Prho actw ice t hset obudeploy siness aprcom inciples y ork successf wir80 eless I SPs ( WI SPs) . Light ing1Pr ot ect ion Gr ound ionsenf or unicat ion Sit ( pub lished Use 8n02. 1a, 80 2. 11and b, and 8 02.in 11ggSolut equ ipm t mCom or e m successfully inesy our ow n hombye, off ice, Poly Corirp.onm ) . This or ouPhaser t door env en t is an ex cellen t b ook for an yon e w ho wan t s t o hav e an in- dept h un derst an ding of how t o pr ot ect an out door w ir eless sy st em fr om ligh t ning . Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Wireless LANs, 2 nd Edit ion by Jim Geier ( p ublished by Sam s) . The f irst ed it ion of t h is book Con w as duct one phy of t he sical f ir st sit e wirsur eless v ey sLAN an dbook r ad ios av f r eq ailab uency le. I t( RF) pr ovsit ideessur a vgood eys d escrip t ion of 8 02. 11 PHY an d MAC- level op er at ion as w ell as pr act ical t ech niques t h at h elp y ou t o deploy ind oor Licensef r ee b LANs. r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low w ireless cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Online Magazines These ar e t hr ee of t he on lin e w ireless n ew s sou rces t hat pu blish ar t icles of int er est t o out door br oadb and w ireless an d wir eless hot sp ot serv ice pr ov id er s: • •

Table of Content s

Br oadban d W ir eless Exchan ge ( w w w .b bw exchan ge.com ) I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Br oadban d W ir eless Bu siness ( w w w .shor eclif fcom m unicat ions. com / m agazin e/ ind ex . asp)

By Jack Unger

80 2. 11- Plan et ( w w w .8 02. 1 1- planet . com ) Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

WISP Industry Organizations The f ollow in g or g anizat ions ad dr ess t h e par t icular needs of WI SPs:

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Par t - 15 Table .or g (ofwContent w w .p ars t - 15. or g)

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Com unicat nt er nat ional De pl oyWir ing eless Li cense - Fr eemW ir e le ssions W i deAssociat - Ar e a Ne ion tw orIks

( WCAI ) ( w w w .w cai. com )

By Jack Unger

Wir eless I nt ern et Serv ice Pr ovider s Associat ion ( WI SPA) ( w w w .w ispa. or g)

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

E-Mail Lists The f ollow in g e- m ail list s fr equent ly con t ain in for m at ion t h at is especially r elev ant t o w ir eless ser v ice pr ovider s: • •

Table of Content s

Wir eless I SP list ( isp- w ireless@isp- w ir eless. com ) I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

Usenet Wireless I n t er net New sgr oup ( alt . int er net . wir eless)

By Jack Unger

Wir eless I SP equip ment list ( w w w .w isp- equ ip m en t .n et ) Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Wir LANs26, d iscussion Pub Dateless e: February 200 3

g rou p ( w irelesslans@y ahoogr ou ps.com )

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Br oadban d W ir eless d iscussion g rou p ( br oadb andw ir eless@yah oogr oups. com) Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

FCC Rules and Regulations You can f ind infor m at ion about t he FCC r ules and r egulat ions on t he FCC w eb sit e ( w w w .f cc. gov ) .

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Wireless Standards You can ob t ain in for m at ion on t h e var ious wir eless st and ard s fr om t he f ollow ing or ganizat ion s:

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Bluet ootTable h ( wof ww Content .b luetsoot h. com)

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EEELi cense ( w w w- Fr .ieee. De pl oyIing ee W or ir eg) le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Wi- Fi ( w w w .w i- f i.n et )

Pub80 lish2. er: 16Cisco ( ht tPress p: / / gr ou per. ieee. or g/ gr oup s/ 8 02/ 1 6/ ) Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Locating a WISP You can locat e a WI SP at w w w .b bw exchan ge.com / w isps.

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Table of Content s

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De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Community Networks and Wireless User Groups For inf orm at ion abou t com mu nit y n et w or k s and w ireless user gr oups, u se t he f ollow ing link s:

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Los Angeles, Table ofCA Content (www s .socalw ug. or g)

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k -Cit y, W NY wW wi.n De pl oyNew ing LiYor cense Fr ee ir e(lewss deycw - Ar eir a eless. Ne tw oror ksg) By Jack Unger

Por t land, OR ( w w w .p er sonalt elco. n et)

PubSan lish er: FrCisco an cisco, Press

CA ( w w w .b aw ug. or g)

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Seat t le, WA ( w w w .seat t lewir eless. net ) I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 Sebast opol, CA ( w w w .n ocat .n et )

St . Louis, MO ( st lw ir eless. net ) The f ollow in g t wo link s t ak e you t o list s of com m un it y net w ork s: Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. w w w .t oast er . net / w ireless/ com mu nit y .h t m l Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er w w w .p er sonalt elco. n et / in dex. cgi/ Wir elessComm u nit ies Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Appendix C. Answers to Chapter Review Questions •

of apt Content Answ ersTable t o Ch er 1s Rev iew Quest ion s

•

I ndex

ers t o- FrCh iew s De pl oyAnsw ing Li cense ee apt W irer e le2 ssRev W i de - Ar eQuest a Ne twion or ks By Jack Unger

Answ ers t o Ch apt er 3 Rev iew Quest ion s

PubAnsw lish er:ers Cisco t oPress Ch apt er

4 Rev iew Quest ion s

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

Answ o Ch apt I SBN:ers 1- 58t 705 -0 69 -2er 5 Rev iew Quest ion s Pages: 35 2

Answ ers t o Ch apt er 6 Rev iew Quest ion s Answ ers t o Ch apt er 7 Rev iew Quest ion s Answ ers t o Ch apt er 8 Rev iew Quest ion s Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Answ ers t o Ch apt er 9 Rev iew Quest ion s Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1: • •

This b ook defines a br oadb and w ir eless conn ect ion as any w ir eless connect ion wit h of idt Content a Table b andw h of s_ ___ . I ndex

De pl oy ing: Li cense - Freee i de - Ar, eaa b Neroa tw or ks nd A1 An sw r: W I nir etlehisss Wbook dba

w ir el ess conne ct ion is def in ed a s a w ir el ess conne ct ion w it h a b an dw idt h of 1 2 8 k b ps or fa st er . By Jack Unger 2:

What y ear did t he U. S. gov ern ment fir st r equir e licen ses f or all t r ansm it t ers?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: The U . S. Gove rn m e nt fi rst re qui re d l ice nses f or al l t ra nsm it t e rs i n

I SBN: 11-958 2 705 1 . -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

3:

What y ear did t he FCC fir st allow b road band w ir eless eq uipm ent t o b e used w it hou t app ly ing f or a licen se?

A3 :

An sw e r: The FCC fi rst al low e d b roa dba nd w ir el ess e qui pm en t t o be u se d w it h out a li ce nse 1 9 8 5m . en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr act ices f or plan ning andindeploy 4 : What does t h e pr ocess of m odu lat ion d o? Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er A4 : An sw e r: Mod ula t i on i s t he p rocess of a ddi ng in form a t ion or " int e l li gen ce " Undertst p rinciples o and a w tihe re le ss sign alt h . at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear how et oone pr ov id et pr le andfrree eliable w irand eless er net access 5 : n Nam w ay hatofait ab licensebr oadb w irI nt eless WAN saves m oney . Select t he ivin eg equip ment and enn a syWstAN emsav s f ore sy our ea beca use no A5 : An swmeost r: Deff epect loy a b roa dba ndant w ir el ess m onarey m ont hl y bi ll m ust b e pa id t o an out sid e com m un icat i ons ca rri e r, such as Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors t he t el ep hone com pa ny. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 6 : Why is t he r eal w or ld d if fer ent f or ev er y w ir eless lin k? En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A6 : An sw e r: The r ea l w orl d i s di ff er en t f or e v er y w ir el ess l ink be ca use t e rr ai n, in t ter resiness nce , noi se , a nd used w ea tbhe r ar e diul ff er en t f orI SPs e v er( y ir el ess l ink at a ny Pr act ice h efebu pr inciples y successf wir eless WIwSPs) m om e nt in t i m e. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or7 :ou tDu door ringenv anirt en onm naensyt st em inst allat ion , w hat saf et y pr act ice help s pr ot ect w or ker s on t he gr ound f rom bein g in ju red by f allin g ob ject s? Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k A7 : An sw e r: I nj uri e s t o w ork e rs on t h e grou nd fr om fa ll in g ob j e ct s ca n be Con duct surwv ey s ean r ad uency surt .v eys m inphy im sical iz e d sit if e t he ork rsd w e aior af r eq prot e ct iv( RF) e hasit rde ha Licenser oadban d winches ir elesscan w idearea net w ork WW pr ov e fast deploym ent of low 8 :f r ee A bf all f rom 18 cr ipple a per sons f(or lif ANs) e. Tr ue or id f alse? cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heseA8 benefit w itehr:out requ irin g lt hfreom useas of liprt tod ices p rov by alocal t elepf hone : Ans sw Tru e. A f al le uct a ss1or 8 iserv nche s ca n crided ip ple pe rson or li feor. cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy9t:h eirI f own etirweless or k s tant hatenn deliver h ig haccess you cost n eed- efficient t o w or k binr oadban fr ont ofd an w a, w hat sh speed ould you d o f irf or st ?bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib Deploy Fr d eet o Wir WideArea orle k sss is at nt heefnna ir st ,book hat prld ovfiides A9it :iv e.An sw e ing r: I fLicensey ou n ee weless ork in fr ont of aNet wwi re y ou tshou rst com plet e, rtealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or ur n of f an y w ir el ess e qui pm e nt t h at is conn ect e d t o t ha t an t en na. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

10 :

A1 0 :

Ev ery out door wir eless an t en na sy st em sh ould in clu de a lig ht nin g ar r est or . Tr u e or false? An sw e r: Tru e. Ev e ry ou t door w i re le ss a nt e nna sy st e m shoul d incl ude a li gh t ing a rr est or.

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions 1: • •

How d oes t he w av elengt h of a w ireless sign al chang e as t he fr equency of t he sign al of Content s incrTable eases? I ndex

De plA1 oy ing cense W irt h e le i de - Ar e a Ne ksi re le ss : Li An sw e- Fr r:eeAs essfrWeq ue ncy oftwaorw

sign al i ncre ase s, t he w a ve le ngt h of

t he si gna l be com e s short e r. By Jack Unger 2:

When a 2 . 4- GHz sign al encount er s an obst r uct ion, wh at h appens?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 A2 : An sw e r: W he n a 2 . 4 - GH z sign al e ncount e rs an obst ru ct i on, som e of t he I SBN: 1- 58 sign al705 i s-0a69 t t-2en ua t ed , som e of t h e si gna l i s re fl ect e d, a nd som e of t h e sign al Pages: 35ra 2 ct s ar ound t he ob st r uct ion . di ff

3:

Does ionosph er ic r eflect ion occu r at micr ow ave f r eq uencies?

A3 :

An sw e r: I onosphe ri c r ef le ct i on ge ne ra ll y doe s not occur a t m icrow a v e eq ue s.ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr actfrices f orncie plan 4 : How is w ir eless pow er m easu red? Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er A4 : An sw e r: W ir el ess pow e r is m e asur ed usi ng de ci be l ( dB) r at i os com p ar ed t o a Under and ze t hed pre rinciples t hlleyoper of all) . wir eless sy st em s re st cogni fe re ncet hlat evun el ,der t y lie pi ca 1 mat Wion ( dBm t o pr oviat id e pr dBm of it ab anddoes r eliable ir eless er?net access 5Lear : Inn how t he abb r ev ion , le w hat t he "wm" st andI ntfor he emr:ost ect iv equip em f orone y our ar easa ndt h of one A5Select : Antsw I n eff dBm , tehe " m "ment st anand ds fant or enn 1 mailsy li wstat t ,sor - t hou w at t . Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors 6Minim : I f ize 1Wat t equals d Bm,and t hen 2Wferequ alson how m an y wdBm t he ef fect s +of30noise int er en ce y our net ork ? A6En : joy Ant sw r: isf 2W qu of al sp + 33 d Bm h e esat acteion rov iding w.ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 7Pr : actThe of aprnonisot rused opic an en na r aduliatwir es eless p ow erI SPs in w( hich dir ect ion? ice m t hain e bulobe siness inciples b y t successf WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t A. I n one hor izont al dir ect ion Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k B. I n t w o hor izont al dir ect ions Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys C. Eq ually in all hor izont al d ir ect ions License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Bot"hlast A -an C w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cost , high - D sp. eed mdile" t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or A7 com : An sw e r:WWANs D . The enable m a in l obe di re ct iona an tsen es porat ow er ly one cable panies. I nt erof neta ser vice pr ovlider ( I na SPs)r adi anda tcorp e I iTnmon anager s to hor iz ont a l dir e ct i on. Th e m a i n l obe of a n om ni di re ct i ona l an t en na ra di a esings deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or but ild e r in alit l ional hor izw ont a l conn dir ect and ar easpow w here t rad ir ed ecti ons. iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides 8 : e,I fr ealyou wcan onfeinant a and inst seeallat t he ion an t, en na at ation, t h e an ot her end a for w irmeless com plet orldst"and st ar at t - t oish "enn d esign, oper d sup porof t in at ion f or link , do you h ave a lineofsight w ireless pat h? w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

• •

A8 :

An sw e r: I f y ou ca n se e t he ot h er a nt e nna a n d if y ou ha ve a cl ea r Fre sn el z one , you ha v e a li ne - of - sig ht w i re le ss pa t h. I f y ou ca n se e t he ot her a nt e nna b ut m or e t ha n 6 0 p er ce nt of t he Fre sne l zone is obst r uct ed , y ou d o n o t ha v e a cl e ar w ir el e ss l in e- of- si ght pa t h, e v en t hou gh you m ig ht h av e a n un obst ruct e d op t ica l LO Spa t h. The obst ru ct e d Fr esne l z one a dds a dd it i ona l a t t en ua t ion a nd t he w ir el e ss p er form a nce is re duce d.

9:

Table tof Tr ipling heContent d ist ans ce on an un obst r uct ed w ir eless link r equir es in creasing t he p ower howI ndex man y t im es?

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

A9 Unger : An sw e r: By Jack

Tri pl ing t he dist a nce on an unob st r uct e d w i re le ss li nk r eq uir es a pow e r incre a se of t h re e squa re d, or ni ne t i m es, a ssu m i ng LO Spa t hs.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 3 Review Questions 1: •

I f you h ave on e pair of b ack bon e locat ion s t hat need t o be conn ect ed, wh ich Content s u re is t he m ost ap pr opr iat e? netTable w or kofar ch it ect

•

I ndex

De pl oy cense ee P Woint ir e le ss W ipoi de - Ar twitoreks A1ing : LiAn sw- Fr e r: - t onte aarNech ct ure . By Jack Unger

2:

What t y pe of an t en na—om nidir ect ion al or d ir ect ional—does a point - t o- p oint net w or k nor m ally use?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: A poin t - t o- poin t ne t w ork norm a ll y uses a di re ct i ona l an t en na.

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 35 2 3Pages: : When a m icr owav e signal st rik es an obst ru ct ion , w hat alw ays h appens t o it ?

A3 :

An sw e r: The sig na l is a lw a ys at t e nu at e d.

4:

When a p oint - t o- p oin t n et w or k is ex pand ed , w hat arch it ect ur e is u su ally ch osen? Why f?or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr act ices A4 : An sw e r: W he n a p oint - t o- p oint ne t w ork is e xp an de d, nor m al ly p oint - t oLear nminulsid t ipoi er tnt ipsar f rom ch it an e ctex ure perienced i s use d wir b eca eless useind it ust is rcost y lead e ff erect i ve f or m a ny use r s a nd it is e a si ly e x pa nde d. Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s 5 : Why is SNR im por t ant in a w ir eless net w or k? Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access A5 : An sw e r: SN R ( sign al - t o- noise ) r at i o i s im por t a nt b eca use hig h si gna l Selectsttre hengt m ost ect iv e ough equip ment and eant enn aresy emrs pe f orrfor y our ar ea h i seffnot en t o e nsur good cesti ve m an ce . The i ncom ing sign al m ust be st rong er t h an a ny noi se or i nt e rf er en ce t hat is pre sen t . For Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors e xa m ple , i t i s possibl e t o hav e hi gh sign al st re ng t h and st il l ha ve poor ir elt he essefpfect er form a nce and if t hint erer e fer is st ong e rfnet e rewnce Minimwize s of noise enrce on int y our ork or a hig h n oise le v el . 6 : joyWhat netisf wact or kion ar ch res u se ors? En t h e sat of itpect rovuiding w irsect eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y A6 oint - tpro-inciples m ul t ip used oint ar e ct ure an d ce ll Iula r ar chit e ct ure use Pr:act An ice sw t h ee r: bu P siness b ychit successf ul wir eless SPs ( WI SPs) sect ors. Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or 7 : ouWhat t door ar env e tirhe onm con ensequ t en ces of select ing t he wr ong access p oin t an t enna sy st em for a p oint - t o- m ult ip oin t n et w or k ? Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k A7 : An sw e r: Se le ct in g t h e w rong a nt e nna sy st e m i n a poin t - t o- m u lt i poin t Con duct phy sical sitre e su surltv ey an d rne ad tior eq uency RF) sit e asur ne t w ork ca n inspoor w fork pe rfor( m ance ndv teys he n ee d for a n a nt e nna sy st e m r ed esig n. An i ncorre ct a nt e nn a se le ct ion can r esul t i n l ow License- f r ee b r al oadban d worir eless ideork s r( WW prnce ov id reeq fast sign l ev e ls hi gh w noi searea le venet ls.wEi t he conANs) se que uirdeploym es t hat ent t he of low cost , high -asp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s nt e nna sy st e m b e re de si gne d. t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable 8com enable I nt ter serfrvice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) corp orat e I Teral m anager : panies. What arWWANs chit ect u re is used o net allow equency r e- use w hileand connect ing sev point - s t o deploy t h eir own cost efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig hspeed access f or bu ild ings t o- m ult ipoin t n et w or k s? and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib Deploy Licenseee tWir Area Net w orfre k s qu is en t hecyf irrste-book t hat A8it: iv e. An sw e r:ing Cel lul a r aFr rchi e cteless u re i Wides used t o al low use w hil epr ov ides com plet e, conne r eal- w orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or ct ing sev e ra l poin t - t o- m u lt i poin t n et w ork s. w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, .1imar 1g, yand pr opr ary -of pr cellular ot ocol n archit et w or ect k s.ur This 9 : 802 What is t h802 e pr d isad vaniet t age e? v endor - neut r al book cover s

• •

A9 :

An sw e r: The p rim a ry d isad va nt a ge of ce ll ula r a rchit e ct ur e is t h e ca re f ul fr eq ue ncy pl ann ing n ee de d t o m in im iz e i nt e rfe re nce be t w e en sect ors t ha t use t he sa m e fr eq uen cy .

10 :

What t y pe of n et w or k ar chit ect u r e can b e used if end users are locat ed close t oget h er an d hav e par t ially obst r uct ed ( n on- LOS) pat hs bet w een each ot her?

A1 0 :

Table of Content s

An sw e r: I f e nd user s ar e loca t ed close t oge t he r a nd ha ve p ar t ia ll y I ndex obst ru ct e d pa t hs, m esh a rchit e ct ur e ca n som e t im e s be u se d.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack 1 1Unger : What

t y pe of r out in g d oes a m esh net w or k per for m ?

A1 : er:An sw Press e r: A m e sh net w or k pe rf orm s dy na m ic r out i ng. Pub1lish Cisco Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 4 Review Questions 1: •

A p hy sical sit e sur v ey in clu des det erm ining h ow t o rou t e cable fr om t he w ir eless Table of Content s ant en na. Tr ue or false? equipm ent t o t he

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing ir e e. le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks A1 : Li cense An sw- Fr e ee r: W Tru By Jack Unger

2:

Befor e y ou perf or m a p hy sical sit e sur v ey , y ou sh ould kn ow how high abov e t h e gr oun d you r ant enn as need t o be m oun t ed. Tr ue or false?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: Tru e.

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 3 : I f35t2her e is already wir eless equip ment oper at ing on a bu ild ing, you w ill fir st d iscov er it d ur ing you r RF sit e sur v ey . Tr u e or false?

A3 :

An sw e r: Fal se . I f t h er e is a l re ad y w i re le ss e qui pm en t ope ra t i ng, y ou sh ould di scov er i t b y ask in g a bou t i t d uri ng you r i ni t ia l m ee t in g w i t h bui ldi ng m anf or ag plan em ening nt . and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Best pr act ices 4 : Minim izing t he d ist an ce bet w een you r w ir eless eq uipm ent and you r ant enn a sy st em Lear nisinim sidpor er ttant ips .f rom Why ?an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and heMi p rinciples deralie t h ebeoper at ion of all wiripm eless sy st em A4 : An sw etr: ni m i z ingt htat heun dist nce t w ee n you r e qu e nt an d st h e an t en na syst e m is im port ant w he n usi ng coax ca ble be ca use t he l onge r t he coa x, Lear nt he howh ig t o her pr ovt id prgn of ital abl oss le and r eliable w ir I nt er h ee si a nd t he sm a eless ll er t he w inet re leaccess ss cove ra ge r an ge. Select eff ect equip and ant a syt st s f or our ant ar ea 5 : I ft he powmerost lines ru iv n enear a rment oof edge, is itenn okay o em m oun t yyour enna near t hat r oof edge? Why or w h y not ? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A5 : An e r:efIfect f pow r l in es run a r en a ce roof ge ,net it is not ok a y t o m ou nt a n Minim izesw t he s ofenoise and intne er fer on ed y our w ork a nt e nna sy st e m n ea rb y. A nt e nna sy st e m s m ust b e m ou nt e d f a r e nou gh so h ationit of is pim possi t he t oetfaaccess ll or bet o blow in t o un cont En joyatw h ea ysat isftact rov idingblweirfor eless I nm t ern you r ncomm it y a ct w it h pow e r li nes. Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) 6 : What is t h e biggest con sequ en ce f r om inst allin g a w ir eless sy st em in an ar ea w it h a Use 8high 02. 1 1a, n oise 80lev 2. 11 el?b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t A6 : An sw e r: The b igg est conse que nce of in st a l li ng a sy st em in a hi gh noi se Ch oose he ar re ight ordu k ar it ect e tfw orory k our ir eless net le vt el a inet s awre ctch i on i n ur ne t hwroug hput . w or k Con phyhsical sur v eypsr an d r adanaly io- f r eq ( RF) sur va eys 7 : duct I f you ave asitweireless ot ocol zeruency , y ou do notsitneeed w ir eless spect ru m analy zer. Tru e or f alse? License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost ,A7 high sp eed last - mse ile" ir eless I ntperrot netocol access. fr ee ir eless t echnolog : - An sw e"r: Fal . Aww ir el ess an alLicenseyz e r ca n su w ppl em e nt b ut noty rdeliv ep laer ces t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or a spe ct r um a na ly z er . A sp ect r um a na ly ze r is st i ll n ee de d t o obse rv e out - of cable com panies. nt si ergna net ls. ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o ba nd a WWANs nd non- enable 8 0 2 . 1 1I b deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar8eas t rad it ional ir ed conn ecteq iv ituipm y is ent eit h cau er com is at cost : Iwf here t he op er at ion ofwlicensefr ee ses plet int erely ferunav enceailable t o t he or oper ion- of pr ohib it iv e.licensed Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov amat eu r r adio equip ment , t he op er at or of t he licen se- fr ee equip ment isides com plet e, rr ealw orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or espon sib le for cor r ect ing t h e int erf erence p rob lem . Tr ue or false? w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2.A8 11a, : 802 An .1 sw1b, e r:802 Tru.1e.1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

9:

•

The leng t h of t he spect ru m analy zer samp lin g in t er v al d oesn' t t ell y ou any t hing abou t t h e lev el of RF in t er f er ence in a par t icular ar ea. Tr ue or f alse?

A9 :

An sw e r: Fal se . Th e m or e qui ck ly t h at in t er fe ri ng si gna ls ar e pi ck e d up, t he hi ghe r t he l ev e l of RF in t er fe re nce i n a p ar t icul ar a re a .

10 :

I n general, t he hig her t he sign al- t o- noise rat io on a w ir eless lin k, t he h igher t h e Table of Content s w ireless t hr ough put . Tr ue or f alse?

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

A1 0 :

An sw e r: Tru e.

By Jack Unger

11 :

What par t of a poin t - t o- m ult ipoint w ir eless net w ork is t he m ost v ulner able t o a h ig h Wh y?

level? Pub lish er:noise Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A1 1I SBN: : An sw e -0 r: 69 The 1- 58 705 -2 h ub si t e a cce ss p oint re cei v er of a poi nt - t o- m ult ipoi nt ne t w or k is t he m ost v uln er ab le t o a hi gh noise l ev e l. N oise re duce s t he si gna l- t oPages: 35 2 noi se ra t io, w hi ch r ed uces t he siz e of t he cov er age ar ea a nd t he t hrou ghpu t of t he n et w or k.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions 1: •

When comp ar in g ligh t ener gy t o w ireless en er gy , a lig ht bulb can b e comp ar ed t o Table of enn Content s w hat ant a elem ent ?

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing le ss W i deb- Ar e anNe tw pr or ks A1 : Li cense An sw- Fr e ee r: W A irlieght bul ca be ep ar ed

t o t he dr iv e n e le m en t of a n ant enn a.

By Jack Unger

2:

The or ient at ion of an ant enna' s E- field d et er m in es w hat char act er ist ic of t h e ant enn a's op er at ion ?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: The or ie nt a t ion of a n a nt e nn a' s E- f ie ld de t e rm in es t h e pol ar iz at i on

I SBN:of 1- 58 705a -0nt 69e -2nn a. t he Pages: 35 2

3:

Relat ive t o each ot her, t he E- field of a ver t ically p olar ized ant enna and t he E- field of a h or izon t ally polar iz ed ant enn a ar e w hat ?

A3 :

An sw e r: The E- fi el ds of a v er t ica ll y pol ar iz ed a nt e nna a nd a h or iz ont a ll y pol ar e d aning nt e nn a ar e cr ossri zoad ed band ( a t r igh t a ngl es) w i t h re spect t o one Best pr act ices f oriz plan and deploy m enpola t of br WWANs. a not he r. Lear 4 : nOm in sid niderir ect t ips ion f rom al ant anenex nas perienced ar e av ailab wir eless le w it ind h eit ust her r y vlead ert ical er or hor iz ont al polar izat ion. Tr ue or false? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s A4 : An sw e r: Tru e. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 5 : A d iver sit y receiv ing syst em can aut om at ically select t he b est sign al f rom one of Selectt wt he mtost eff ect e or equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea o an ennas. Triv ue false? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A5 : An sw e r: Tru e. Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 6 : When using a d iver sit y sy st em , t he t w o ant ennas mu st alw ays be t h e sam e t y pe t in he sam e dir ect ion . eless Tr ue or alse? En joyand t h e poin sat isf acttion of p rov iding w ir I n tfern et access t o you r comm un it y A6 An sw r: siness Tru e. pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Pr :act ice t h eebu Use 7 : 8Any 02. 1one 1a, w80 h o2.deploy 11 b, and s an8 02. out11 d oor g equ licenseipm enfrtee m or w ireless e successfully sy st em in cany our p rovow ide n rhom eliab e,leoff ice, or ou w t door ireless envser ir onm vice.enTr t ue or f alse? Ch:oose he er r: ight net k ar tch it ect ur e f orleyw our ir a eless or k pr inci ple s a nd ap pl y A7 Antsw Fal sew. or O nly h ose peop howle rn wnet irewl ess t hose pr in ci ple s corr ect l y ca n prov i de re li a ble w i re le ss se rv i ce . Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys 8 : A st r ong signal arr iv ing at y our receiv er fr om an ot her w ireless net w ork in cr eases License- f r ee b r oadban eless w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low y our n et w ordk w t hirrou ghpwutide. Trarea ue ornet false? cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t heseA8benefit w itehr:out t h e use od uct sanot or serv p rov byce local t elep hone or : Anssw Falrequ se . irin A stg rong sigof napr l from her ices n et w orkided re du s t he cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o t hr ough put on y our ne t w ork . deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar9eas w herem tuch rad itisional ed conn ectpolarizat iv it y is eit comion pletbely or ally is cost : How t he twypirical cr ossionh er isolat et w unav een aailable hor izont pr ohib it iv e.polar Deploy ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides ized an d a v er t ically polarized ant enn a? com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless ande r: ot her ion s deploy door wirt ieless WANscov A9 : I SPs An sw Theort yganizat pi ca l crosspol arinizgatout ion isola on b et w e enincluding a v er t ica ll yer age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s pol ar iz e d a nd a hor iz ont a ll y pol ar iz e d a nt e nna is 2 0 d B.

•

10 :

A sect orized ant enn a syst em d oes n ot allow y ou t o ser ve m or e end users. Tr u e or false?

A1 0 :

An sw e r: Fal se . A sect ori z ed a nt e nna sy st e m d oes a ll ow y ou t o ser ve m or e e nd user s.

11 :

•

I n a sect or ized an t enna sy st em, all t he sect or ant enn as should be ident ical. Tr ue or Table of Content s false? I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

A1 1 :

An sw e r: Fal se . I n a se ct or iz ed a nt e nna sy st em , t h e se ct or an t en na s do n ot t o be ide nt i cal . The h oriz ont a l be a m w i dt h, ve rt i ca l be a m w i dt h, gai n, a nd pola ri z at i on of e a ch sect or a nt e nna shou ld be chosen t o be st m ee t t he e ds of t ha t se ct or . Pub lish er:ne Cisco Press

By Jack Ungerha v e

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

1 2I SBN: : Sect in a sect or ized ant en na sy st em sh ould alw ay s b e mou nt ed 1- 58or 705ant -0 69ennas -2 per fect ly ver t ical. Tru e or f alse? Pages: 35 2

A1 2 :

An sw e r: Fal se . Sect or an t en na s shoul d b e m ou nt e d w i t h a dow nt i lt an gle t ha t m a x im iz e s se ct or cov e ra ge a nd re duce s in t er fe re nce fr om out sid e t he sect or.

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 6 Review Questions 1: • •

Why is it im por t ant t o v isit an act ual d ep loym ent sit e b ef or e y ou p ur ch ase w ir eless Table of Content s equipm ent ? I ndex

De pl oy ing e le iss de - a Arnt e a tNe or ks a ct u al A1 : Li cense An sw- Freee r: W I tir is mW p iort o tw v isit

d epl oy m e nt si t e s t o l ea r n a bout un publ ishe d eq uip m e nt in t er act i ons a nd unk n ow n ope ra t i onal By Jack Unger cha ra ct e ri st ics. Pub lish er: Cisco Press

2:

The elect rom agn et ic wav es t hat w e call w ireless ex ist at w hat lay er of t he sev en lay er OSI r ef er ence m odel?

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

Pages: 35 2sw e r: Ele ct rom a gne t ic w a v es e x ist a t La ye r 1 , t h e phy sical l ay e r. A2 : An

3:

How is a pack et lik e a ham bu rg er san dw ich ?

A3 :

An sw e r: A pa ck e t i s l ik e a h am bur ge r sa nd w i ch b eca use t he m ea t ( t he da t a pa yfloa d) i sning sanand dw iche d in het of b un ( paband ck e t WWANs. m a na ge m e nt a nd con t rol Best pr act ices or plan deploy m ten br oad in for m a t i on ) . Lear 4 : nWhy in siddoes er t ips aw f rom ir eless an net ex perienced w or k needwir a eless big MAC? ind ust r y lead er Under st and heAp rinciples att w unork der lie t hds e oper at MA ion C oflaall sy st emMA s Cm ust A4 : An sw etr: w i re le sst hne nee a big y erwir b eless eca use t he de a l successfu ll y w i t h m ana ge m en t of a ll t h e inv i si ble an d u npr edi ct ab le Lear nwhow t o prrov it ab le ir el esselid atee pr d of issue s. and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t heeless m ostband eff ect iv eh equip and ennput a sy f or yeour 5 : Wir w idt and wment ireless t hrant ough arsteem t hes sam t h inarg.eaTr ue or false? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A5 : An sw e r: Fal se . W i re le ss ban dw id t h a nd w ir el e ss t h roug hput a re not t he . W el ess h rough is fer al w y son le ss t hanet nw t he Minimsam ize tehe efir fect s of tnoise andput int er enace y our orkspe ci fi ed w ir el e ss ba ndw i dt h. En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 6 : The com m unicat ions r an ge un der NLOS condit ions is about t he sam e as t h e comt hmu nicat ion spr r ange undused er LOS dit ions. Tr ue or fIalse? Pr act ice e bu siness inciples b y con successf ul wir eless SPs ( WI SPs) A6 Use : 8 An 02.sw 1 1a, e r:80Fal 2. 11 se .b,Th and e com 8 02.m11uni g equ cat iipm onsenr tang m ore eund successfully er N LOScondi in y our t ions ow nishom a lwe, a ys off ice, or ou tle door ss t env ha nir tonm he com en t m u nica t ion s ra nge u nde r LO Scondi t ions. Ch t he eq r ight net w orh kops ar ch it ectfrur e f or y our wequency ir eless net or kor false? 7 :oose DSSS uipm ent f r om equency t o fr . Trwue Con phyesical v eyesqui an pm d r ad f r eqsuency ( RF)nge sit ef re surque v eys A7 : duct An sw r: Falsit see. sur D SSS eniot doe n ot cha ncy . FH SS e qui pm en t cha nge s f re que ncy. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high last -smbeing ile" w ir net eraccess. ee shor w ir eless y icat deliv erss 8 : - sp Ot eed h er t"hing eqeless ual, tIhnteer high t he datLicensea r at e, fr t he t er t ht echnolog e comm un ion t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or dist ance. Tr ue or f alse? cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings A8 t:h eirAnown sw ecost r: Tru e and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib9it:iv e.I Deploy Fr ee Wirerence eless Wideorwor k s is st book pr ov f you sting ar t Licenser eceiv ing int erf f rom Area anot hNet er w n et k , t the h ef ir best t h in gt hat t o do is ides to com plet e, rget eal-an w orld " st ar t t of in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or am p lif ier . Tr ue or false? w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

•

A9 :

An sw e r: Fal se . W he n int er fe re nce is h igh , a n a m pl if ie r usu al ly m a k es condi t ions w or se . Th e be st re sponse is ei t he r t o coordi na t e fr eq ue ncie s or t o re desi gn you r a nt e nn a sy st em t o m in im iz e t h e ef fe ct s of t he in t er fe re nce .

10 :

Any 8 02. 1 1b eq uipm ent wor k s w it h any ot h er 802. 1 1b eq uipm ent . Tr ue or false?

A1 0 :

•

AnTable sw eof r: Content Fal se .s M ost 8 0 2 . 1 1 b e qui pm en t w ork s t og et h er ; how ev e r, y ou ca n I ndex e xp er ie nce a num b er of in com pa t i bil it i es if y ou f ai l t o t est t h oroug hly .

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions 1: •

A sit e sur v ey is nor m ally p er f orm ed im m ediat ely aft er a w ir eless inst allat ion is of Content comTable plet ed. Tr ue sor f alse?

•

I ndex

De plA1 oy ing cense W irse e le. ss i dee- Ar e a ve Ne y twior : LiAn sw -eFrr:eeFal A Wsit sur s ks norm a ll y

pe rf orm ed be f ore i nst al la t ion .

By Jack Unger

2:

Any one can inst all w ir eless ant ennas on r ad io t ow ers as long as t hey ar e not afr aid of height s. Tru e or f alse?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: Fal se . N o one shou ld in st a ll a nt e nn as on ra di o t ow e rs u nle ss he h as a nd prof essiona ll y t r ai ne d t o w ork on t ow e rs. The i nst a ll er Pages: 35 2 n ee ds t o be e qui ppe d w it h t he p rope r t ools a nd be cov er e d b y t he a lso pr ope r i nsur ance . I SBN: -0 69 -2 be1-e58 n 705 p rope rl y

3:

At micr ow ave f r eq uencies, t h e sig nal loss in coax cab le is relat iv ely h ig h. Tr ue or false?

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. A3 : An sw e r: Tru e. 4Lear : A n in t yp sid ical er ligh t ips t fning rom st anr ike ex perienced p r oduces awir p eak elesscur ind r ent ust rof y lead apprer ox im at ely how m any am ps? stsw ande r: t he rinciples oper at eless st em s rox im a t el y A4Under : An A pt yp ical l igt hhtatniun ngder stlie rikteh eprodu ceion s aofp all ea kwir cur re ntsyof a pp 1 8 ,0 0 0 am ps. Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 5 : Fading is nor m al f or m icr ow av e sig nals. What t erm is used t o descr ibe t h e ext r a Select t he m osterefft hat ect ivev e ery equip ment andlink ant enn a ssyt ostov emers com f or yeour eain g? signal pow micr ow ave need t h isarfad Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A5 : An sw e r: The t e rm t ha t d escrib es t he e xt r a sign al ne e de d t o ov er com e mize icrow vefect f asdin i s t he deermfer aren gice n. on y our net w ork Minim t heaef of gnoise andf aint 6En : joyWhat should ou do miding ed iat ely af t er yI nou t est he t h rou on a new t h e sat isf actyion of pim rov w ir eless t ern et taccess t o ghp youut r comm un itly y inst alled w ireless lin k? Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) A6 : An sw e r: Af t er t e st ing t h e t hrou ghp ut of a n ew w i re le ss li nk , y ou sh ould Use 8docum 02. 1 1a, e nt 80t2. he 11re b,sult ands.8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t 7 : Nam e one ad van t age of st and ard izing on on ly a f ew cu st omer p rem ise eq uipm ent Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k pack ages. phy ey g s an r adyioeq uency sit es sur eys A7Con : duct An sw e r:sical St asit ndearsur dizv in ondonl a ffr ew CPEpa( RF) ck age l owv er s you r i nv e nt ory cost s. I n a ddi t ion , it low e rs y our supp ort cost s. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , 8high eedr job " lastr -esp m ile" w ir eless nt er net access. fr ee w irheless t echnolog y ent deliv : I- fspyou onsibilit ies r Iequir e y ou t o w orLicensek r eg ular ly in ig h- RF en vir onm s,er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or y ou sh ould u se w hat p iece of per sonal p rot ect iv e eq uipm ent ? cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy owne r: cost r oadban d nili ettw or kr seqt hat speed access orhbu ild- ings A8 : t h eir An sw I f -yefficient our j obb re sponsib i es uir edeliver y ou t oh ig whork r eg ula r ly ifn igh RF and ar easewnv here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost iron m e nt s, y ou sh ould use a p er son al RF m onit or t h at pr ovi de s an pr ohib it iv e. Deploy LicenseWir Area k s shold is t he s. f ir st book t hat pr ov ides a udi ble ing w a rn ing w Fr heee n RF leeless v el s Widee xce ed safNet et yw or t hre com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions 1: • •

For r eliable n et w or k op er at ion, sign al st r en gt h is m or e imp ort ant t han SNR. Tr ue or Table of Content s false? I ndex

De pl oy ing ir ese le ss W iR deis - Arm e aor Ne orpor ks t an t A1 : Li cense An sw- Freee r: W Fal . SN e tw im

t h an sig nal st r eng t h.

By Jack Unger

2:

A r eliable w ireless link need s a line- of - sig ht p at h and an unob st r uct ed Fr esnel zone. Tr ue or f alse?

Pub lish er: Cisco Press

Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

A2 :

An sw e r: Tru e.

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2 3 : Will

A3 :

t h e noise lev el alw ays be low in a r ur al area?

An sw e r: N ot ne ce ssa ri ly . N oi se in a ru ra l ar ea m i ght be l ow or it m igh t be hi gh.

: ices Howf or m any erlapp ing 2. chan e available f or use in t he Unit ed Best pr4act plannonov ning and deploy m 4enGHz t of br oadnels bandarWWANs. St at es? A4 Lear : nAn in sid swer e r:t ips The f rom re a an re ex t hre perienced e non ove wirrleless ap pinind g cha ust r nn y lead el s.er Under st and p rinciples at un der is lier ted h euced opernet at ion wir eless emors false? 5 : The cont he sequ en ce of at hlow SNR w orof k all t hr oug hpu t .sy Trstue Lear how ov ide.e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access A5 : nAn swteor:prTru Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment anteenn sy stion em sr equir f or y es ourhow ar eam any decib els of 6 : Reusing aD SSS f requ en cy at t hand e sam APalocat ant enn a isolat ion? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A6 : An e r:ef Re t h e and sa m int e fr he sa locat ion re qui re s Minim izesw t he fectusin s of gnoise ereq ferue enncy ce oninytour netm w eork a ppr oxi m a t e ly 1 2 1 dB of a nt e nna isola t ion . En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y 7 : To av oid int er ference, collocat ed FHSS sect or s should use d if fer en t h oppin g seqtuences and diff erent hop pingb yset s. Tr ue ulorwir false? Pr act ice h e bu siness pr inciples used successf eless I SPs ( WI SPs) A7 Use : 8 An 02.sw 1 1a, e r:80Fal 2. 11 se .b,Coll andoca 8 02. t e 11 d FH g equ SSsect ipm ors en t m shorould e successfully use di ff erin enytour h oppi ow nng hom e, off ice, or ou tseq doorueenv nceirsonm w i ten hin t t h e sa m e hopp ing set . Ch t he is r ight w or ch itatectan ur AP? e f or y our w ir eless net w or k 8 :oose When t he net SNR h kig ar hest Con phyesical sitSN e sur s an r adstio-j fust r eq uency RF)AP sitha e ssur A8 : duct An sw r: The R isv ey t he hidghe a ft e r t(he bev eys e n i nst a ll ed. As t i m e pa sse s, t he n oise le v el i ncre ase s an d t he SN R goe s dow n. License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high eed t"he lastpercent - m ile" w ir eless er netit taccess. fr ee 2w0irpeless t echnolog y deliv 9 : - sp When age of retI nt r ansm ed p ackLicenseet s r eaches er cent , y ou should ster arts t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or look in g f or t h e cause of t he n et w or k slow dow n. Tr u e or false? cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy - efficient oadban n et or k satnce hat deliver h-ow speed access f or tbu A9 t:h eirAnown sw ecost r: Fal se . Th eb rne t w or kd p erwform st ar t s thoigsl dow n w h en heild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost re t r ansm it pe rce nt a ge goe s a bov e 1 0 pe rcen t . St a rt look i ng for t he ca -use pr ohib it iv e.wDeploy LicenseFrit eepe Wir eless WideArea Net w or is rcen t he ftir. st book t hat pr ov ides he n t ing he re t ra nsm rce nt a ge goe s a bove 1 0k spe com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless and ot ionys tdeploy g out eless cov er age 1 0 : I SPs Ex plain w her hy itorisganizat necessar o w r it ein dow n door t he r wir esult s of WANsy our nincluding oise- r ed uct ion ef forof t s. 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

A1 0 :

An sw e r: I t is ne cessar y t o w r it e d ow n t h e re su lt s of y our noi se - r ed uct ion e ff or t s so t h at you don 't w ast e t i m e r e pea t i ng t he sam e t e st s t he n ex t t im e a noi se prob le m occu rs.

•

Table of Content s

•

I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions 1: • •

A W I SP is an ex t ension of a w ired I SP. Tr ue or f alse? Table of Content s

A1 :

I ndex Tru e.

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks

2: By Jack Unger A2 :

WI SPs hav e b een arou nd sin ce about 19 95. Tr u e or false? Tru e.

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3

3:

The m ost pr ofit able w ir eless m ar ket s ar e t h ose wh er e b road band DSL an d cable ar e alr ead y av ailab le. Tr u e or false?

I SBN: I1-0 69 -2 nt58er705 net access Pages: 35 2

A3 :

Fal se . Th e m ost prof it a bl e w ir el ess m a rk e t s ar e t hose w he re D SLa nd ca bl e I nt e rn et a cce ss a re not a v ai la bl e.

4:

The m ob ile m ar k et w her e user s st ay conn ect ed w hile dr ivin g ar oun d is t he easiest m arf ket t o serv Tr ue or f alse? Best pr act ices or plan ninge.and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. A4 : Fal se . Th e m ob il e m ar k et is t h e ha rde st t o ser ve . Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er 5 : Cu st om er s pay y ou t o d eliv er band w id t h, n ot t h r ough put . Tru e or f alse? Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s A5 : Fal se . Cust om er s pa y y ou t o de li ve r t hr oughp ut . Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access 6 : You can b e successf ul in t h e w ir eless b usiness ev en if y ou don' t u nder st and t he Select mt he ostofeffdecib ect ivels. e equip and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea eanming Tr uement or false? Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors A6 : Fal se . To be succe ssf ul i n t h e w ir el ess bu si ne ss, y ou m ust un de rst an d h ow o wt he or kef w it hs of d ecib el s. Minim tize fect noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork 7 joy : All 2.isf 11act b equ t iding b ran ds or k wI it all etot access her 80 2. ip m en En t h e80 sat ion ip ofmpen rov w irweless n ht ern t o11b youequ r comm unt itbr y an ds w it h no pr oblem s. Tru e or false? Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) A7 : Fal se . O ft e n, soft w a re i ncom pat ibi li t ie s r esul t i n e qu ipm e nt t ha t doe s not Use 8 02. w ork 1 1a,w 80 e l l2.t oget 11 b, her and. 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t 8 : Why do w ir eless collisions r educe t h rou ghp ut ? Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k A8 : Coll isions re duce t hr ough put be ca use e ach col li si on w a st es a t im e slot t ha t Con duct phy sical e sur s anul d tr rad f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys could ha v esit car rie vdey usef afiofi c. Licenseb r oadban eless idearea w ork ANs) id e fast 9 :f r eeThe h igher dt hwe irper centwag e of r et rnet ansm it tsed( WW packet s, pr t hov e lower t h edeploym net w or ent k of low cost , high - sp eed " last m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. Licensefr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hr ou ghpu t . Tr ue or false? t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cableA9 com : panies. Tru e. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar hereshould t rad it alw ional w irsell ed all conn iv itoug y ishpu eitth ter com pletnely unav ailable 1 eas 0 : wYou ays t h ect e t hr h at y our et wor k is capabor le is of cost pr ohib it iv e.deliver Deploying. ing LicenseFr ee Wir eless WideArea Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides Tru e or f alse? com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless hersh orould ganizat deploy out door eless including er age of A1 0 : I SPs Faland se . ot Y ou l eaion v es som e tin hg rough put wir unsol d tWANso be sur e t ha t cov y our 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor neut r al book cover s ne t w ork does not cr ash if he a vy i nt e rf er en ce sud de nly d ev e lops.

11 : A1 1 :

The b est w ay t o d eal w it h a WI SP com pet it or is t o add an amp lif ier . Tr u e or false? Fal se . Th e be st w ay t o de a l w i t h a W I SP com p et i t or is t o m ee t w i t h him a nd prop ose t h at y ou b ot h coope ra t e a nd coor di nat e.

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y]

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBO L] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] 1- Mbps t o 1 1- Mbps dat a r at es 12 -Mbps t o 60 -Mb ps dat a rat es 2. 4 GHz frequen cy ban d 3. 5 GHz frequen cy ban d 5 GHz frequ en cy ban d 60 b and of Content s • GHz f req uencyTable 80 2. 11 • I ndex adva ncemen ts - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl oy ing Li cense 80 2. 11 Wireless Net work s[ md] The Def in it iv e Gu id e (i) By Jack Unger 80 2. 11 wireless st an dards 80 2. 11 -Planet (i) onlin e ma gazine er: Cisco 80 2.Pub 11 alish wireless st anPress dards Pubb Dat e: February 26, 200 3 80 2. 11 cellu la I SBN: r service 1- 58in705 tegrat -0 69 ion -2 80 2. 11 bPages: access35 point hardwa re 2 prov id er organ izat ions 80 2. 11 b access point s locat in g 80 2. 11 b wireless st an dards 80 2. 11 d wireless st an dards

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. 80 2. 11 e wireless st and ards 80 2. 11 f wir eless st andar ds 80 2. 11 Lear g wireless aner dards n in st sid t ips

f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

80 2. 11 h wireless st andards 80 2. 11 Under i wireless an dards ststand t he

p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

80 2. 15 .1 wireless st an dards 80 2. 16 Lear wireless n how st an dards t o pr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

80 2. 16 Work ing Group on Br oadband Wireless Access

t he ost 80 2. 16 Select a wireless st anm dards

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

80 2. 1x wireless st andards

Avf req oiduency comband m on 90 0 MHz

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A ] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] access equipm ent sites access cont ro l list s ( ACLs) . [ See ACLs ( access cont rol list s) ] access point hardwar e

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prov id er organ izat ions Table of Content s

access point vu nerabilit • I ndex y t o n oise RF sit e sur vey s - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl oy ing Li cense access point s By Jack Unger 80 2. 11 b access point s locat in g Pub lisharch er: itCisco cellular ect urPress e Pub Dat e:ivFebruary 26, 200 3 conn ect it y ACLs

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

addresses Pages: 35 2 MAC ACLs ( access cont rol lists) tab le size adv ert ising lit erat ur e rea din g

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. AES ( Advan ced Encry pt ion St andard) am at eu r r adio operat ors int erfLear er en ce n

in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

dealin g wit h am plituUnder de st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

att enu at ion 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h am plituLear de m odulat n how iont o

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

ant eenas

Select curren t

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

ant enn a syst em s

Av oid ant enna covcom eringsm on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

combin ing

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

bid ir ect ion al an ten na sy stem s

div ersit y an t en na sy st em s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

power div iders 2nd 3rd

feed sy st em s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

cable t y pes coaxia Use 8l cable 02. 1loss 1a, im orpedance ou t door

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, env ir onm en t

power -ha ndling capabilit es size issues Ch oose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

upper frequen cy limit s isolaCon tin g duct 2nd 3rd phy 4t hsical 5t h 6tsit h 7t e hsur 8t hv9t eyh s10t an hd 11tr ad h 12t io-h f13t r eqh uency 14t h 15t(hRF)

sit e sur v eys

cross- polarizat ion isolat io n

Licensef r ee r oadban d wion ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low horizon ta l b separat ion isolat 2nd 3rd cost , noise highredu - spcteed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ion 2nd t heseobst benefit w it hion out ruct ionsisolat 2ndrequ 3rd irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cablevert com enable icalpanies. seperat ionWWANs isolat ion 2nd 3rd 4tIhnt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings man uftact urers andmou arnteas w hereret2nd rad 3rd it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ing hardwa pr ohib iv e. ing Licensesectorit an tenDeploy na system s 2nd 3rd 4t h Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e,iltr eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or downt w ireless I SPs F/ B rat ios and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, 802 horizon802 ta l beamwidt h .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

low- noise access point loca tion s polarizat ion sector orient at ion s sector radiu s select ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h vert ical beam widt h select ing 2nd ant enn as

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Table of Content s

beam widt h 2nd 3rd 4t h

I ndex

bidirect ional ant enn as De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks combin ing By Jack Ungerp olarized an ten nas 2nd circularly corner reflect or ant ennas 2nd 3rd direct ing er: Cisco Press Pub lish physical e surv eys Pub Dat e: sit February 26, 200 3 dir ection al an en705 nas-0 69 -2 I SBN: 1- t58 dir ectiv it y 2nd 3rd Pages: 35 2 dir ector s 2nd 3rd dist ant obst acles avoidin g div ersit y driven elem ent s

Best bid pr iract f or en plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. ectices ion al-driv elem en t rad iat ion pat t erns ligh t s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h mu lt iple-dr iv en elem ent r adiat ion pa tt ern s

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

elect rom agnet ic wav es equipm ent dist an ce

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

minim izing 2nd

Fresnel zone clearan Lear n how t oces pr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

calculat ing gains Select

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

grou ndin g physical e surv eys p 2nd 3rd 4tencount h Av oid sit com m on it falls er ed

b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

heigh t

Minim ize t heeys ef fect s physical sit e surv

of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

helix ant enn as 2nd 3rd

En joy h e sat isf act of as p rov iding horizon ta lly tpolarized sect orion ant enn

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

int erf er en ce

Pr ucing act ice e bu used successf ulh wir I SPs ( WI SPs) red 2ndt h3rd 4t hsiness 5t h 6t h pr 7t hinciples 8t h 9t h 10t h 11tb h y12t h 13t h 14t 15t heless 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h

25 t h 26t h

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

len ses 2nd 3rd

ligh t ning prot ect ion

ligh t s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

ligt ning prot ect ion prov in g Conidduct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

m esh a rchit ect ure in st allat ionb r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensef r ee m oun tin g - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cost , high sitse surv t hesephysical benefit w it heys out2ndrequ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or obst acles cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o avoidin g own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t h eir ir ect w ionhere al an ten nasit2nd 3rd w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost andomn arideas t rad ional point o- point a rchit ectLicenseure pr ohib it iv-te. Deploy ing Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides panel nas 2nd 3rd " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com pletan e,t en r ealw orld parabolicI SPs r ef lectand or anot t enher nas or 2ndganizat 3rd w ireless ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of parasit rays 80 2. 11a,ic ar 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

placem en t physical sit e surv eys 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure select ion poin t- t o-poin t arch it ect u re select ion system ex pansion

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polarizat ion 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h

Table of Content s

circular polarizat ion 2nd 3rd

I ndex

cost -eff ect ive dep loy m ent 2nd 3rd De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks cross polarizat ion 2nd 3rd By Jackhorizon Ungerta l polarizat ion 2nd mu lt ipat h resist ance 2nd 3rd 4t h noise redu ct ionPress 2nd 3rd 4t h Pub lish er: Cisco vertDat icale: polarizat 2nd 3rd Pub Februaryion 26, 200 3 powerI SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 focu sing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h Pages: 35 2 25 t h 26t h power lin es avoidin g radiat ion pat tern s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h receiv er ant enn as

Best sen pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. sit ivit y t h reshold receiv in g an t en nas gains

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

tr ansm ission lin e loss ref lect ors 2nd 3rd

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

roof t op-m oun t ed an ten nas

inLear st allin 2nd 3rd 5t hid6teh pr 7t hof8tithab 9tle h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 15tI nt h 16t h 17taccess h ng how t o 4tprh ov and r eliable w hir 14t eless er net safet y issu es 2nd 3rd 4t h select able polar Select t heizat mion ost

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

sit e m anagem ent cont act ing Av oid com m on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

smart ant enn as

Minim ize spillov er

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

t ower-m oun t ed an ten nas

joy gt 2nd h e sat inEn st allin 3rd isf 4t hact 5t hion 6t h of 7t hp rov iding tr ian gulat ion

actpolarized ice t h e omn bu siness pr inciples vertPr ically idirect io nal a nt ennas

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

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free-space wav es

ref lect ed wav es 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h Yagi-Ud a an ten nas 2nd 3rd 4t h

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

AP equ ip ment

choosin 2nd Congduct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

applicat ion layer fun ct ions Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low net cost , work highdesign - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s NMS benefit ( net worksmw anitagem system t hese h outentrequ irin) g2ndt h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or prot ocols cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o securittyh eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy arch u re w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost anditect ar eas cellu la ectu re ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h Fr 6t ee h 7t Wir h pr ohib itrivarchit e. Deploy Licenseeless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides advae, nt ages com plet r eal-2nd w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or disadvI SPs ant ages 2ndot3rd w ireless and her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of evaluat802 in g 2nd 3rd 802 4t h 5t 80 2. 11a, .1 1b, .1h 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

choosin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h end users availabilit y con firm at ions locat ion m appin g 2nd 3rd hu b sit e ava ilabilit y conf irmin g mesh arch itect u re 2nd adva nt ages 2nd

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Table of Content s

disadv ant ages

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I ndex

evaluat in g 2nd 3rd 4t h De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks usage By Jack OSI Unger reference model 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re 2nd 3rd 4t h adva 2ndPress Pub lishnt er:ages Cisco disadv antFebruary ages 2nd26, 3rd200 4t h3 5t h Pub Dat e: evaluat g 58 2nd 3rd I SBN:in1705 -0 69 -2 point -t o- point a rchit ect ure 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st Pages: 35 2 22 nd 23rd 24t h 25t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45 t h 46t h 47t h 48t h 49t h 50t h 51st 52n d 53rd 54t h 55t h 56t h 57t h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st 62n d 63rd 64t h 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69 t h 70t h 71st 72n d 73rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h 78t h 79t h adva nt ages 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h appropriat e u sage 2nd 3rd

Best disadv pr actant ices f or2ndplan ages 3rd ning 4t h 5t hand deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. evaluat in g 2nd 3rd prelimin ary archit ectu re

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

draft ing 2nd 3rd 4t h

select ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

25 t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45t h 46t h 47t h 48t h 49 t h 50t h 51st 52n d 53rd 57t le h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st d 63rd h 65taccess h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69t h 70t h 71st 72n d Lear n how t o pr54t ovhid55t e hpr56t ofhit ab and r eliable w ir62n eless I nt64t er net 73 rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h 78t h 79t h 80t h 81st 82n d 83rd 84t h 85t h 86t h 87t h 88t h 89t h 90t h 91st 92n d 93rd 94t h 95t h 96t h 97 t h

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

sit e availabilit y conf irmincom g Av oid m on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

TCP/ I P reference mo del 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h

ize user Minim s

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

groupin g by proximit y

Endbook joy t hf ore Radio sat isfAma actteu ionrs,ofThep rov ARRL Han (i) iding ARRL UHF/ Microwav e Ex per im ent erÕs Manua l (i)

Prnch actronou ice tshTre ansf bu er siness ATM (Asy Mode) pr in tinciples erf aces

w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

at m ospheric ef fect s

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

signals 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h at t enuat ion

amplit ude 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

at t enuat ion losses at t enuat ors duct Con

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

aut h en t icat ion available dwidth License-ban f r ee b r oadban d

w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low wireless woreed ks " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cost , highn et - sp 4t h requ 5t h 6tirin h g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hesemaximizin benefitgs 2nd w it3rd h out cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B ] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] back bon e band widt h poin t- t o-poin t arch it ect u re availabilit y back bon es capacit y considerat ions Table of Content s

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dedica ted bandwidt I ndexh

licen se- frLieecense back -bones De pl oy ing Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks licen sed backbon es By Jack Unger shared bandwidt h wir ed back bon es Pub lish er: Cisco Press wir eless back bones PubulsDat e: February 26, 200 3 backha licensed I SBN: backhau 1- 58 705 ls -0 69 -2 using Pages: 35 2 ban d of f requencies in spect ing 2nd 3rd ban dpass filt er s ban dwidth 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h back bon e ban dwid th

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. point -t o- point a rchit ect ure

m anagin g net work er er Lear n lay in sid

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

m esh a rchit ect ure man aging Under st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure man Lear aging n how

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

t hro ughp ut

Select t he m ost dif f eren tiat in g bet weeneff ect iv e

equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

wireless n et wor ks

Av oid com m on pban it falls encount erhed y hnew maximizin g available dwidt h 2nd 3rd 4t 5t hb6t

w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

beacon in g

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

disabling beam widt h

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h

BGP (Bord er Gat eway Prot ocol)

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

bidirect ional ant enn a sy st ems combin Useing8 02. 1 1a,

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

bidirector ionalradiaten ion tpat t ern s oudriven t doorelement env ir onm ant ennas black hCh olesoose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

avoidin g 2nd 3rd 4t h book s

Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

suggest ed readin g 2nd

Licenser ee Pro b r oadban d w[ See ir eless w idearea net wocol)] ork s Border Gat feway tocol ( BGP). BGP (Bord er Gat eway Prot

( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit rou t ed WANs s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cablecompar com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o ed 2nd deploy bridgin g t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings anddatar here a eas link law yer 2nd t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohiband it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides broadb com e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or hotplet sp ots w ireless SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of wir eless Inet work s 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, Broadban d Fix ed Wireless Net work s (i)and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s cost , high bridged WANs- sp eed

broadb and opt ical equipm ent Broadban d Wireless Bu siness ( i) online maga zine Broadban d Wireless Ex chan ge (i) on line m agazine buildin g m anagem ent con t act in g physical sit e surv eys Building Wireless Com mu nit y Net works (i)

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] cable coaxial cable man uf act urers coax ia l cable r uns jum pers

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pig tails

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power -ha ndling capabilit ies I ndex

Table of Content s

tyoy pesing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl upper frequen cy limit s By Jack Unger cable in t erf aces cables Pub rou t inlish g er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: sit February 26,2nd 200 3 physical e surv eys cabling I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ru nnin g Pages: 35 2 rooft op- mo unt ed ant ennas calcu la tin g Fresnel zone clearan ces ant ennas calcu la tion s

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. dBm p ower referen ce level 2nd

EI RP (Equiv alen t I so tr opic Radiat ed Power) fadeLear m argin 3rd n incalcu sid lat er iotns ips2nd f rom

an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

wir eless lin k bu dget calcu lat ion s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h cellularUnder archit ect 2ndt he 3rd p4trinciples h 5t h 6t h 7tt h h at sture and

un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

access point s conn Lear ectnivhow it y

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

adva nt ages 2nd

Select t he m3rd ost disadv ant ages 2nd

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

evaluat in g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Av oid com mage on geog raphical cov er

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

limit ed spectr um

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

re- usin g

low in t er ference

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

verif icat ion

net work capacit y

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

red undan t end user cov erage roamin Useg

8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, env ir onm en t

testor ing ou t door usage cert ificat ionoose Ch

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

FCC equipm en t cert ifica tion 2nd circu larCon polarduct izat ionphy sical

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

ant ennas 2nd 3rd

Licensef r ee b r ant oadban d w ir eless circu larly polarized enna s 2nd

w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or coax ial cable cable loss com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings feedt hsyeir st em s andman arufeas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost act urers pr ohib runs it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com pletion e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or collaborat w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of in st allat ion 80 2. 11a, t802 1b, com mercial ower .1 com pan802 ies .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s cost , high sp eed coaxial ar rest-ors

cost con siderat ions Com mu nicat ions Act of 1 93 4 com mu nit y n et work s resources com pass headings measur ing com passes

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using

Table of Content s

con figur able power cont rol

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I ndex

tr ansm itt ers De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks con nect ions By Jack Unger waterpr oofin g 2nd drip loops 2nd con nect Pubivit lishyer: Cisco Press access point Pub Dat e: sFebruary 26, 200 3 cellu la r archit re69 -2 I SBN: 1- 58 ectu 705 -0 con tr olled equipm en t env iron ment s Pages: 35 2 locat ing cont rolled equ ip ment en v ir onm en t s 2nd con vert ers Et hernet corn er ref lect or ant enn as 2nd 3rd

Best cost pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. ha rdware point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure facilit ies 2nd

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

in st allat ion cost s

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

ha rdware point -t o- point ureect iv e Select t he amrchit ostecteff

equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

license-f ree wireless n etwor ks adva nt ages of m on Av oid com

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

poin t- t o-poin t arch it ect u re

Minim ize cost s

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

facilit ies

En joy cov erage test ing 2nd

t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Pr act ice cov erings

t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

ant ennas CPE

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

(cu sto mer premises equ ipmen t) 2nd cost redu ct io ns

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

CPE ( cust om er prem ises equipm ent ) crit eria Con evaluat ion sphy sical duct

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

RF sit e sur vey s 2nd 3rd 4t h cross polarizat ionb r oadban d Licensef r ee

w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low ant 3rd " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cost , ennas high -2nd sp eed cross-polarizat ions isolat t hese benefit w it hion out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ant enna st ems cable comsypanies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cu rrent t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy on flow) and(electr ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ant ennas pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides cu sto mer ipmen"tst(CPE). 3rd ( custinst om erallat premion ises, equipm ent )] an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com pletpremises e, r eal-equ w orld ar t - t 2n o-df in ish[ See " d CPE esign, oper at ion, cy per second w cles ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] Dat a Encrypt ion Stan dard (DES) . [ See DES ( Da ta En crypt ion St an dard) ] dat a lin k layer bridging feat ures 2nd fun ct ions MAC su blayer feat ur es

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prot ocols

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securit y f eat uIres 2nd 3rd ndex

Table of Content s

dat a rat e Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl oy ing dist ances By Jack Unger compar ed t hro ughp ut Pub lish er:edCisco compar 2nd Press Dat e: February 26, 200 3 dat a Pub rat es 1-Mbps I SBN: to 11 1--Mbps 58 705da -0 69 ta -2 rat es 12- Mbps t o 35 6 0-2 Mbps Pages: sub- 1 Mbps dat a rat es dBm power ref erence lev el calculat ions 2nd dBs ( decibels) 2nd decibels ( dBs) 2nd

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. dedicat ed ban dwidt h

sh ared ban dwidt h compar Lear nedin sid er

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

deploy ment speed license-f ree st wireless etwor ks Under and tnhe p rinciples

t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

adva nt ages of DES ( Da Lear ta Enncrypt how iont St o an prdard) ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

desense DHCP

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

(Dyn am ic Host Conf igur ation Pr oto col)

Av oid iccom onfigu p itratfalls encount er ed DHCP (Dynam Hostm Con io n Prot ocol) server s

b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

dialup t elco int erf aces

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

diff ract ion

signals 2nd 3rd

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Direct sequence spread spect rum ( DSSS). [ See DSSS (direct sequ ence sp rea d spect ru m) ]

Direct Seq uence Spread Spectr um ( DSSS) . 2n d 3rd 4t h 5t h [ See DSSS ( Direct Sequ en ce Spread Spect ru m) ]

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

direct ing an ten nas Use

8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

physical sit e surv eysir onm en t or ou t door env direct ion- find in g t ech niques noise 3rd t4t h Ch2nd oose he

r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

direct ional ant enn as direct ivit Con y duct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

ant ennas 2nd 3rd

Licensedirect ors f r ee

b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , ennas high -2nd sp eed ant 3rd " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese s wparabo it h out requ or irin genn the dish ant benefit enn as. [ See lic reflect ant as]use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable dist ancecom panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy links t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost doubling pr ohib dist ancesit iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com datplet a rate, e r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs compar ed and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80hu 2.b11a, sit es 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

measur ing dist ribut ers per iph eral dev ices div er sity ant ennas div er sity ant enn a sy st ems 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h docu ment at ion

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ou tdo or wireless system s

Table of Content s

verif yin g

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docu ment in g De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks noise-redu ct io n r esult s By Jack Unger RF sit e sur vey s test result s downPub tilt lish er: Cisco Press sector ane: tenFebruary nas Pub Dat 26, 200 3 draf t ing I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 prelim inary net work archit ectu re 2nd 3rd 4t h Pages: 35 2 drip loops con nect ions waterpr oofin g 2nd driv en elem en t s ant ennas

Best bid pr iract f or en plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. ectices ion al-driv elem en t rad iat ion pat t erns ligh t s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h mu lt iple-dr iv en elem ent r adiat ion pa tt ern s

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

DSL in terf aces DSSS

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

(direct sequ en ce spr ead spect ru m)

(Direct Seq Spectr Lear n uence how Spread t o pr ov id e um pr )of it ab le

and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

DSSS ( Dir ect Sequ ence Spread Sp ect ru m) m odu la tion 2nd 3rd 4t h DSSS nSelect etwor ks

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

no ise minim izing 2ndm3rd Av oid com on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

dup lex t h rough put

Minim ize t he sim plex t hrou ghpu t

ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

compar ed 2nd

joy Conf t h eigur satation isf act ioncolof( DHCP) p rov iding eless n t ern et access t o rat you comm it y s] Dyn am En ic Host Pr oto server s.w[ ir See DHCPI (Dynam ic Host Con figu io nr Prot ocol) un server Dyn am ic Host Conf igur ation Pr oto col ( DHCP). [ See DHCP (Dynam ic Host Con figu rat ion Prot ocol) ]

PrI act ice dynam ic P rou t ingt h e

bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] e-m ail list s joinin g resources e-zin es educat ion al sem in ars

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att end in g

Table of Content s

EI sot ropic Radiat ed Power) • RP ( Equ ivalent I Index electr omagn etic wav-es De pl oy ing Li cense Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks electr on flow By Jack Unger em ergen cies pla nnin g f or lish er: Cisco Press encryPub pt ion Pub (Adv Dat e: February 200 AES anced En cry26, pt ion St3an dard) end usersI SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 locat ion m apping Pages: 35 2 net work arch it ect u re 2nd 3rd equipm ent (wireless) 802 .1 1b comp atibilit y AP equ ipment

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. choosin g 2nd

broadban d opt ical equ ipmen t CPELear (cu stn omer premises equ ipmenan t) in sid er t ips f rom

ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

deploy m ent sit es en viro nm enst t aland decisions 3rd 4t h 5tt h 6t h un der lie Under t he p2nd rinciples h at

t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Et hernet port s evolut Lear ion nof how

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

FCC cert ificat ions 2nd f eat uSelect res

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

resear ching

Av oid com m on p it3rd falls highspeed dat a port s 2nd

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

in t er ference red uct ion 2nd 3rd 4t h

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

low- speed dat a port s

mark et / cost consid era tion s

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

needless m ix ing avoidin g

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

needs rev iewing Use 8 02. 1 1a,

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

NLOS nont door line- of-env sightir ) onm capabilit or ( ou enies t 2nd NLOS ( non -line-o f- sight ) 2nd noise ct ion 2ndr ight 3rd 4tnet h w or k Chredu oose t he

ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

OSI reference model 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h ph ysica Con l layer duct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

securit y 2nd

Licensef rint eeerfa b rce oadban ir eless w ideork ( WW ANs) ovhid14t e hfast - h wir edfeat u re d optwions 2nd 3rd 4t h 5tarea h 6t h net 7t h w 8t h 9t hs 10t h 11t h 12t hpr13t 15t hdeploym 16t h 17t hent 18t hof19tlow h 20t cost , high - sp24t eed " last -m ile"h w irheless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s 21 st 22n d 23rd h 25t h 26t h 27t 28t t hese w itit ect h out poin t-benefit t o-poin t sarch u re requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cableupgrades com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy sit es t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost accessing pr ohib e. Deploy ing2nd LicenseWideArea TCP/ IitP iv reference mo del 3rd 4t h Fr 5t hee 6t hWir 7t heless 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12tNet h w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com t estplet ing e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless lab s I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s out doors 2nd

safet y Equ ivalen t I sot rop ic Radiat ed Po wer (EI RP) calcu lat io ns Et h er net conv ert er s Et h er net port s

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F ] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] F/ B r at io s sector an ten nas f acilit ies poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure cost

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poin t- t o-poin t Table arch it ect re of uContent s cost s

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I ndex

fDe ade pl m oyargin ing Licalculat cense -ions Fr ee2nd W ir3rd e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks f ade m argins By Jack Unger measur ing 2nd FCC Pub lish Cisco Press (Feder aler: Com mu nicat ions Com mission ) Pubipment Dat e: cert February 26,2nd 200 3 equ ificat ion est ablish I SBN: ment 1- 58 of705 -0 69 -2 inqu iries Pages: 35 2 responding t o licensin g regu lat ion s chan ges t o 2nd lob byin g power limit s

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. ru les and regulat ion s docum ent at ion wireless g er Learlicensin n in sid

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

hist ory of 2nd 3rd 4t h Feder alUnder Com must nicat ions Com ( FCC). [ See muat nicat Comwir missio n)] and t he p mission rinciples t h at unFCC der(Feder lie t hale Com oper ionions of all eless

sy st em s

f eed sy stem s ant ennas Lear n2nd how 3rd t4t oh pr 5t h ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

cable t y pes

t he coaxSelect cable loss

m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

im pedance

Av-ha oidndling comcapabilit m on pyit falls power

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

size issues

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

upper-f requen cy limit s Fessenden, Reginald

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

FHSS ( frequen cy ho pping spread sp ect ru m)

FHSS ( Frequ en cy Hopping Sp rea d Spect rum ) mo dulat ion

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

FHSS net work s no ise Use

8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

minim 2nd env ir onm en t or ouizing t door File Tran sfer Prot ocol ( FTP). [ See FTP ( File Transfer Prot ocol)] f ilt eringCh oose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

prot ocols f ir ewalls Con duct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

f ix ed business m ark et s

Licenseser vin g f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low high spma eed fcost ix ed ,resid en t-ial rket"slast - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or ser vin g com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o fcable lashlight power rat ios 2nd deploy eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Flicken gert,hRob eas3rdw here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost fand ramesar2nd it iv Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides fpr reeohib space ope. tical har dware com plet e,organ r ealwions orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or prov id er izat ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of fw reespace pa th loss 80 2. 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s lin k11a, bud get 2nd

f ree- space pa th loss (FSPL) . [ See FSPL (f ree- space pat h loss)] f ree- space wav es f req uencies licen se- fr ee wireless signals wir eless wav es f req uency b ands licen se- fr ee frequ en cy ban ds

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2.4 GHz 3.5 GHz

Table of Content s I ndex

5 GHz De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks 60 GHz By Jack900 Unger MHz f req uency h opping Frequency g Spread Pub lishHoppin er: Cisco Press Spect ru m (FHSS) mo dulat ion. [ See FHSS ( Frequ en cy Hopping Sp rea d Spect rum ) mo dulat ion] f req uency h opping spread26, spect Pub Dat e: February 200rum 3 ( FHSS) . [ See FHSS ( frequen cy ho pping spread sp ect ru m) ] f req uency m odu1-lation I SBN: 58 705 -0 69 -2 f req uency p la ns Pages: 35 2 creatin g Fresnel zo ne clearan ce 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h Fresnel zo ne clearan ces an ten nas calculat ing

Best FSPL pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. (f ree- space pa th loss) FTP ( File Transfer Prot ocol)

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

f unct ion s

applicat io n layer

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

dat a link la yer

net work Learlay n er how

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

tr ansport lay er

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G ] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] gains ant ennas receiv ing ant enn as Gast , Mat t hew Geier, Jim geograph ical cov erage • Table of Content s cellu la r architIectu re • ndex Gilb William De plert oy, ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks gov ernm ent al licensin g r egu lat io ns By Jack Unger chan ges t o 2nd grou nding anPub tenlish naser: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: sit February 26,2nd 2003rd 3 4t h physical e surv eys mast -I mou SBN:nt1ed58an 705 t en-0 na69sy -2st em s residPages: en ce-m35 oun 2 ted ant enn a sy st ems rooft op- mo unt ed ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h tower- mo unt ed ant enna sy st ems grou nding equipm ent man uf act urers grou ping

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. user s

proxim it y guy wires Lear n

in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

roof t op-m oun t ed an ten nas att ach ingst and Under

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] har dware access point hardwa re prov id er organ izat ions f ree space o ptica l har dware prov id er organ izat ions

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m oun tin g h ardware Table of Content s man uf act urers I ndex

t o-m ipoint De poin pl oyt-ing Liult cense - Frarchit ee Wect ir eure le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks in it ial cost s By Jack Unger poin t- t o-poin t arch it ect u re cost s Pub ity lishhardwar er: Ciscoe Press secur Pub Dat 26, 200 prov id e: er February organ izat ions 2nd3 wireless I SBN: h ardware 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 prov id er 35 organ Pages: 2 izat ions 2nd 3rd 4t h wireless h ot spot h ardware prov id er organ izat ions headin gs com pass headings measur ing

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. heigh t

an ten nas physical surv Lear n sit inesid ereys t ips

f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

heigh ts workUnder ing wit hst and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

safet y issu es helix anLear t en nas n 2nd how3rdt o

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

Hert z (Hz)

Select Hert z, Hein rich

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

high n oise level

Av oid com m on p it falls point -t opoint a rchit ect ure

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

high ra dio -f req uency (RF) env ironm ent s

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

workin g in

high -power t ransm it t er s

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

receiv er perf orm ance high -reliabilit y services

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

comm it tin g t o high -speed a port s 2nd80 3rd Use dat 8 02. 1 1a, 2. 11 b,

and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

hor izontor al b eam widt h env ir onm en t ou t door sector an ten nas hor izontCh al oose p ola rizat ion r ight t he

net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

ant ennas 2nd hor izontCon al separ duct at iophy n isosical lat ion sit e

sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

ant enna sy st ems 2nd 3rd

Licenseee b r oadban d tw eless hor izont allyf rpolarized sect or an enir nas

w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit broadban d s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o hot sp ot com har dware deploy own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings prov id terh eir organ izat ions and ar wthere rad ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost HTTP ( Hyeas pert ex Transfter Proittocol) pr bohib hu sit esit iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or availability w ireless I SPs conf irmin g and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80dist 2. 11a, ances 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s costspot , high - sp eed hot s

measur ing low- noise h ub sit es point -t o- point a rchit ect ure Hy pert ext Tran sfer Prot ocol ( HTTP). [ See HTTP ( Hy pert ex t Transf er Pro tocol)]

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] I EEE (I nst it ut e of Elect rical and Elect ron ics Engineers) I EEE 80 2. 11 Han dbook[ m d] A Design er Õs Com panion ( i) imp edan ce feed sy st em s in- band noise sources

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locat in g 2nd 3rd 4t hof Content s Table

inpu t s ( wireless) I ndex • inqu De pliries oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks FCC By Jack Unger responding t o inside wireless sy st em s Pubnt lish er: Cisco Press mou ing Pubion Dat e: February 26, 200 3 inst allat an ten nas I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 mesh arch Pages: 35itect 2 u re colla borat ion inst allat ion person nel safet y t rainin g ou tdo or wireless system s docum ant at ion ver if icat ion

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. preparing for 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure cost Lear n

in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

poin t- t o-poin t arch it ect u re cost s Under st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

prepla nnin g rooftLear op- mo n unt how ed ant t o ennas pr ov 2nd id e 3rd pr of 4tit h ab 5t hle 6t h and 7t h r8teliable h 9t h 10tw h ir11t eless h 12t Ihnt 13t erhnet 14t haccess 15t h 16t h 17t h too ls

Select heant mennas ost eff ect iv 4t e hequip towermo untted 2nd 3rd 5t h 6t ment h 7t h

and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

I n st it u te of Elect rical and Elect ronics En gineers ( I EEE)

Av oid insu rance

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

sit es

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

req uirement s int elligen ce

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

wir eless net work ing int erf eren ce

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

am at eu r radio operat or s dealin Use g8 wit 02.h 1 1a,

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

cellular archt door it ect ur eenv ir onm en t or ou verif icat ion dealin wit h Chgoose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

m inimizin g wir Con eless duct sy st phy em s sical

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

out -of -ba nd signals

Licensef r 2nd ee b3rd r oadban d hw7tirheless idearea net w ork s h( WW prhov fast deploym of 24t lowh red ucing 4t h 5t h 6t 8t h 9t hw10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t 15t h ANs) 16t h 17t 18tidhe19t h 20t h 21st 22nent d 23rd cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s 25 t h 26t h t hese sit es benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cableavoidin com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o g deploy h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings int erf eren tce levels andminim ar eas here rad ir hed9t hconn y his13t eit erh com is cost izingw2nd 3rd t4t h 5tithional 6t h 7tw h 8t 10t h ect 11tiv h it 12t h h14t 15t h plet 16t h ely 17t hunav 18t h ailable 19t h 20t hor21st 22n d -23rd pr erf ohib iv e. Deploy2nd ing3rd LicenseFr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides int erenitce reduction 4t h com e,noise r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or int ermplet itt ent ireless ot her ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of Iw n tern et ProtI SPs ocol (Iand P) . [ See I P (Ior nt ernet Pr oto col)] 80 2. 11a, 802sign .1 1b, invisible wireless als 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

mak ing v isib le IP (I n tern et Prot ocol) isolat ing ant enna sy st ems 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h cross- polarizat ion isolat io n horizon ta l separat ion isolat ion 2nd 3rd

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noise redu ct ion 2nd

Table of Content s

obst ruct ion isolat ion 2nd 3rd

I ndex

vert ical sepa rat ion isola tion 2nd 3rd 4t h De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] j um per s ( conn ectin g cab les)

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Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] laborat ories equipm ent test ing La mar, Hedy LANs

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(local- area n et works) Table of Content s

large a nd complex m odel • I ndex WIoy SPs De pl ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks leases By Jack Unger sit es negot iatin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h Pub ratlish es er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 lenses ant ennas I SBN:2nd 1- 58 3rd 705 -0 69 -2 levels

Pages: 35 2 sign als maximizin g

licence-f ree spread spect rum signaling 2nd licence-f ree wireless n et wor kin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h licence-f ree wireless n et wor ks

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. . 2nd 3rd [ See also wireless n et work s]

license-f ree back bon es licensed Learback n inbones sid er

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

compar ed license-f ree f requency Under st and bands t he p rinciples

t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

2.4 GHz 3.5 Lear GHz n

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

5 GHz

Select 60 GHz

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

900 MHz

Av oid com m license-f ree wireless n eton worp ksit falls

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

adva nt ages 2nd 3rd 4t h

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

challenges of 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h license-f ree wireless sign als

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

frequen cies

licensed back bones

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

license-f ree back bon es compar Use 8ed 02. 1 1a, licensedorback ouhauls t door

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, env ir onm en t

using licensedCh wiroose eless sy st em s t he r ight

net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

int erf er en ce minim Con duct izing

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

licensing

Licensef r see b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low regulat ion cost , chan high - sp ges t o eed 2nd " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese s w2nd it h 3rd out4trequ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or light nin gbenefit pr ot ect ion h cable an tencom nas panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy provt h ideir in g own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings andwirar easantwenn here eless as t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib iv e.ect Deploy Licenseees fWir elessunWideLigh t ningit Prot ion anding Gr ound in g SoluFr tion or Comm icat ion Area Sit es ( i)Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides comnin plet e,otect r ealorld ent " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or light g-pr ion w equipm w ireless I SPs man uf act urers and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. light s 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h limit ed spectr um cellular arch it ect ur e re- usin g line-of -sig ht ( LOS) pat hs. [ See LOS (line of sight ) pat hs] link b udget free-space pat h loss 2nd

• •

tr ansm itt er ant enn a syst em t ransmission line lo ss

Table of Content s

tr ansm itt er out pu t power

I ndex

tr ansm itt in g an ten na gain De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks links By Jack Unger dist ance doubling long t han ormal links Puberlish er: -n Cisco Press point o- point a rchit ect200 ure3 Pub Dat-te: February 26, pla nnin g 2nd I SBN: 1- 3rd 58 705 -0 69 -2 poin t- t o-m ult ipoint wireless links Pages: 35 2 test ing poin t- t o-poin t wireless link s test ing lobby ing FCC

Best pr act plan[ See ning and deploy t of local- area n etices work sf or (LANs). LANs ( local-ar ea m neten work s) ] br oad band WWANs. locat ion ma pping end users

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

net work arch it ect u re 2nd 3rd long links

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

pla nnin g 2nd 3rd

longer- Lear t han -no n rmal howlinks t o pr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

point -t o- point a rchit ect ure LOS ( line-of -sight the ) pat Select mhsost

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

obt ain ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h visuAv al LOS hs m on oid pat com

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

LOS pa th s

Minim ize (line-of -sig ht )

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

in spect ing

Enarch joyitect t h eu resat isf act ion mesh

of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

poin t- t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure

Prerm act inat iceion the det

bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

point -t o- point a rchit ect ure

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

availabilit y low in t er ference

cellular arch it ect ur e

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

verif icat ion

low-n oise access Con ductpoint phylocat sicalions sit e

sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

sector an ten nas low-n oise AP locat s Licensef r ee b ion r oadban d

w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low select ing 2nd 3rd " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s cost , high - sp eed low-n oise h ub sites t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or pointcom -t o- point a rchit ect ure cable panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o low-speed a po rt s cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t hdat eir own and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M ] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] MAC addresses ACLs ( access cont rol lists) tab le size MAC sublay er f eat ures

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dat a link la yerTable of Content s

m • anm ade n oise I ndex Man , Trevor De plning oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks MANs By Jack Unger (m et rop olit an area net work s) m anuf act ur er s Pub lish er: ant enna sy stCisco ems Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 coaxia l cable grounI ding SBN: equ 1- 58 ipmen 705 -0 t 69 -2 ligh t Pages: ning- prot 35ect 2 ion equ ipmen t mou nt ing hardwa re test equ ipmen t towers m apping end user locat ions

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. net work arch it ect u re 2nd 3rd

t opograp hic m aps purch Learasing n in sid er

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

m aps using Under st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

Mar coni, Guglielmo m ast -mLear oun ted n how ant ennt ao sy prstov ems id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

groun ding m ast s

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

roof t op-m oun t ed an ten nas

Av oid2nd com raising 3rdm on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Max well, Jam es Clerk

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

m easuring

compass h ead in gs

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

dist ances

hub sit es

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

fade m argin s th rough 2nd13rd h 2. 11 b, Useput 8 02. 1a,4t80

and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

m esh aror chitou ectture 2ndenv ir onm en t door adva nt ages 2nd an ten nas Ch oose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

in st allat ion ban dwidt Con hduct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

man aging

Licensef r ee disadv ant agesb r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high eed evaluat in g- sp 2nd 3rd "4tlast h - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or LOS benefit pat hs cable comdesign panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o net work process deploy eir own rout ingt hredun dancy cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings andusage ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it ivnodes e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides wir eless com plet e, area r eal-net wwork orlds ("MANs) st ar t .- t[ See o- f in ish "( met d esign, inst allat oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or m et rop olit an MANs ropolit anarea netion owrk, s)] w icrowav irelesse energy I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of m 80work 2. 11a, 802 ing wit h .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

safet y issu es Micro wave Han dbook ( i) m icrowav e radiat ion dangers of Micro wave Radio Tr ansm ission Design Guide (i) m icrowav e reflect ions 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h m ir rors

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ant ennas 2nd 3rd

Table of Content s

m ix in g equipm ent

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I ndex

avoidin g De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks m obile mar ket s By Jack Unger ser vin g m odulat ion amplit ude io n Pub lish er:modu CiscolatPress DSSS (Direct Sequence Pub Dat e: February 26,Spread 200 3 Spect rum ) 2nd 3rd 4t h FHSSI SBN: (Frequency Hoppin 1- 58 705 -0 69 g-2Spread Spect ru m) m odu lat ion frequen cy m odulat ion Pages: 35 2 OFDM ( Ort hogon al Frequency Division Mu lt iplexing) m odulat ion spread sp ect ru m m odulat ion wir eless signals m odulat ion t yp es 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h Mor se, Sam uel F. B.

Best prgact ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. m ount in an ten nas physical sit e surv eys 2nd

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

in side wireless equ ip ment m ount in g h ardware

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

ant ennas 2nd 3rd m ount in g h arware Lear n how

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

man uf act urers m ult ipat h fadingt he Select

m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

m ult ipat h resistan ce ant ennas 3rdm4ton h Av oid2nd com

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

m ult iple- driv en elemt ent radiat ion pat t ern s

Minim ize ant ennas

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N ] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] nar rowband FHSS sign als NAT (Net work Add ress Tra nslat ion) nat u ral disa sters pla nnin g f or nat u ral n oise nearline-of -sigh tTable ( NLOS). [ See NLOS • of Content s (n ear-line- of- sight ) ] nearby out - of- band noise sources • I ndex locat in g Li 2nd De pl oy ing cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks negot iat ing By Jack Unger leases sites 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h Pub lishiona er: lCisco NEMA ( Nat Elect Press rical Manu fact u rerÕs Associat ion) Pub Addr Dat e:ess February 3 . [ See NAT (Net work Add ress Tra nslat ion) ] Net work Tran slat26, ion 200 (NAT) net work Iarchit SBN: ect 1- ure 58 705 -0 69 -2 celluPages: la r archit 35ectu 2 re 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h adva nt ages 2nd disadv ant ages 2nd 3rd evaluat in g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h choosin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h end users

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. availabilit y con firm at ions

locat ion m appin g 2nd 3rd hu b Lear sit es n

in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

conf irmin g mesh arch itect u re 2nd Under st and t he

p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

adva nt ages 2nd disadv Lear ant n how ages

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

evaluat in g 2nd 3rd 4t h

Select usage

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re 2nd 3rd 4t h

Av oid com m on adva nt ages 2nd

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

disadv ant ages 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

evaluat in g 2nd 3rd

point -t o- point a rchit ect ure 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

22 nd 23rd 24t h 25t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45 t h 46t h 47t h 48t h 49t h 50t h 51st 52n d 53rd 54t h 55t h 56t h 57t h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st 62n d 63rd 64t h 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

69 t h 70t h 71st 72n d 73rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h 78t h 79t h 80t h 81st 82n d 83rd 84t h 85t h appropriat e u1sage 3rd Use 8 02. 1a, 2nd 80 2. 11 b,

and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

disadv ages 2nd 4t h 5t ht or ouant t door env3rd ir onm en evaluat in g 2nd 3rd prelimin ary n ettwork urw e or k Ch oose he r arch ightit ect net

ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

draft ing 2nd 3rd 4t h select Con ing duct 2nd 3rd phy 4t hsical 5t h 6tsit h 7t e hsur 8t hv 9t eyh s10t anh d11tr ad h 12t io-hf 13t r eqhuency 14t h 15t( hRF) 16t hsit17t e hsur 18tvheys 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h 25 t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45t h 46t h 47t h 48t h

Licensef r ee52n b r doadban irheless w ide( WW ANs) ovhid66t e hfast low72n - d 49 t h 50t h 51st 53rd 54tdh w 55t 56t h 57t h 58tarea h 59t hnet 60tw h ork 61sts 62n d 63rd 64t hpr65t 67t hdeploym 68t h 69t hent 70t hof71st cost , high eed " last -m ile"h w I ntder net84t access. Licensefr ee whir90t eless t echnolog deliv 73 rd 74t h 75t- hsp76t h 77t h 78t h 79t 80tirheless 81st 82n 83rd h 85t h 86t h 87t h 88t h 89t h 91st 92n d 93rd y94t h 95ter h s 96t h t hese 97 th

benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o sit e availabilit y deploy h eir gown cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings conft irmin and ars eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost user pr ohib it iv e.g Deploy ingy License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides groupin by proximit com plet e, rect ealorld "yst ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or net work archit urewflexibilit w ireless I SPs and not herksor ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of license-f ree wireless etwor 80 2. 11a, adva nt802 ages.1 of 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

net work capacit y cellu la r archit ectu re net work design applicat io n layer net work design pr ocesses mesh arch itect u re net work in depen dence

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license-f ree wireless n etwor ks

Table of Content s

adva nt ages of

•

I ndex

net work lay er De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks ban dwidt h By Jackman Unger aging fun ct ions prot Pubocols lish er: Cisco Press QoS of Serv ice) Pub (Qualit Dat e: yFebruary 26, 200 3 roamin g I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 rout ing feat ur es 2nd Pages: 35 2 securit y f eat u res 2nd net work man agement sy stem ( NMS) . 2n d [ See NMS (n etwor k m anagem en t sy st em) ] net work s comm un ity net work s secur ity

Best en prhan actcing ices2nd f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. st able wireless net work s deploying 2nd 3rd

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

t hro ughp ut

man aging 2nd 3rd 4t h

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

measur ing 2nd 3rd nich e mLear ark etn s

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

ser vin g 2nd NLOS

Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

(near- line-of -sigh t ) (nonAv -linoid e- of-com sightm ) 2nd on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

NLOS (n on lin e-of -sigh t) equ ipment capabilit ies 2nd

ize t he en ef tfect of NMS (nMinim etwor k m anagem sy stsem)

noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

applicat io n layer 2nd nod es

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

mesh arch itect u re noise

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

in t er mit t en t n oise

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

locat ing

dir ection -f inding t echniqu es 2nd 3rd 4t h low- noise AP lo cat io ns

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

select ing 2nd 3rd

manCon made noisephy sical duct

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

m inimizin g DSSS s 2nd 3rdd w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensef rnet eework b r oadban cost , FHSS highnet - spwork eeds 2nd " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s er n et wor t heseoth benefit s ks w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or -of -ba nd tr ansm itt ers 2ndenable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cableout com panies. WWANs nat uralt hnoise deploy eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings netar work perw form ance and eas here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost mon it or g 2nd ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohib it iv e.inDeploy no iseion result s " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com pletreduct e, r ealw orld docum ent ingand ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless I SPs receiv er n802 oise .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a,

SNR var iat ion s 2nd steady noise noise figu re receiv ers noise lev els minim izing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd noise reduct ion 2nd 3rd 4t h

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Table of Content s

ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h

I ndex

isola tion 2nd De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks non lin e- of- sight (NLOS) . [ See NLOS (n on line-of -sigh t )] By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] obst ru ct ion isola tion ant enna sy st ems 2nd 3rd OC-1 2 (Opt ical Carr ier 12 ) int erfaces OC-3 ( Opt ical Carrier 3 ) int erfaces OFDM (Ort h ogonal Fr equ ency Division Mult iplexin g) modu lat ion om enn as 3rd s • nidirect ional ant Table of 2nd Content

•

point -t o- pointI ndex a rchit ect ure

onlin agazines De pleoyming Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks OÕHara, Bob By Jack Unger Open Sh ort est Pat h Fir st ( OSPF). [ See OSPF (Open Short est Pa th First ) ] opt ical h ardware Pub id lish Cisco prov er er: organ izatPress ions Dat e: February 26, 200 3 orientPub at ion sect ors I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 sector an35 ten2nas Pages: Ort hogon al Frequen cy Division Mu lt ip lexing (OFDM) modu lat ion. [ See OFDM ( Or th ogonal Frequency Div ision Mu lt iplex in g)] OSI ref eren ce m odel 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h applicat io n layer dat a link la yer 2nd 3rd fram es 2nd 3rd

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. net work lay er

pack et s 2nd 3rd peerLear prot ocols n in sid er

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

ser vices 2nd tr ansport Underlaysterand

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

OSPF (Open Sh ort est Pat h First ) rout in g prot ocol ot her net Lear workns how

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

no ise

Select t he minim izing

m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

out - of- band sign als

oid in t erAv fernce

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

out - of- band t ran smit t ers

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

no ise

minim izing 2nd

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

out doo r wireless syst em s inst alling

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

docum ent at ion verif icat io n preparat ions12nd 5t hb, Use 8 02. 1a,3rd 804t2.h 11

and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

roof tor op-m t ed anenv ten na system ououn t door ir onm ens t in st allin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h testCh ing oose 2nd 3rd 4t h r5t h t he ight

net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

t ower-m oun t ed an ten na system s inCon st allin duct g 2ndphy 3rdsical 4t h 5tsit h 6teh sur 7t h v ey s

an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

out doo rs

Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low equipm ent cost , test high sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s ing -2nd t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or out pu t power cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o tr ansm itt ers deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings out pu t s ( wireless) and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P ] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] pack et s 2nd 3rd pan el ant enn as 2nd 3rd parabo lic reflect or ant enn as 2nd 3rd parasit ic array s ant ennas pat • hs

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Table of Content s

test ing 2nd

I ndex

pat t ern isolat n loss- Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl oy ing Liiocense peak-h old f eat u re By Jack Unger spectr um an alyzers peer pr oto cols lish pennPub y rat ioser: Cisco Press Pub Datpower e: February wir eless 2nd 26, 200 3 peripheral I SBN: devices 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 ant enna sy st35 ems Pages: 2 distr ib ut ers person nel safet y t rainin g Pet rick , Al phy sical lay er

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. securit y f eat u res 2nd

wir ed- int erfa ce feat u res 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22 nd 23rd h er 26t thips 27t hf rom 28t h Lear24t n hin25t sid

an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

phy sical sit e sur vey s an ten nas Under st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

groun ding 2nd 3rd 4t h height Lear n

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

mou nt ing 2nd

Select ost ect iv e pla cem entt he 2nd m 3rd 4t heff 5t h

equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

point ing

Av oid cables

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

rout ing 2nd

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

con t rolled equipm en t env iron ment s locat in g 2nd

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

equipm ent -t o- ant enn a dist an ces minim izing 2nd

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

per from ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h 25 t h 26t h 27t 28t1h1a, 29t h80 30t 31st d 33rd h 36t h 37t h 40t h 41st 42n in d 43rd 44tow h 45t 46t he,47toff h 48t Use 8h02. 2.h 11 b, 32n and 8 02.34t 11h g35tequ ipm enht 38t m hor39t e successfully y our n hhom ice,h 49 t h 50t 51stt door 52n d 53rd 54t h 55ten h t56t h 57t h 58t h 59t h 60t h 61st 62n d 63rd 64t h 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69t h 70t h 71st 72n d orh ou env ir onm 73 rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h prelimin ary n ettwork Ch oose he r design ight net w or k

ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

rev iewing 2nd revising Con duct 2nd phy 3rd 4t sical h

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

preparing for 2nd

Licensef r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low roof s cost , surv high - sp eyin g eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or sit e mbenefit anagem ent cablecont com WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o actpanies. ing deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings pigt ails ( conn ect in g cables) and lat arency eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ping pr ohib mon ititorivine. g Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or placing w ireless an ten nasI SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 1b,eys802 1g,4t hand physical sit e.1surv 2nd.13rd 5t h pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

PoE (Power- over- Et hern et) point - t o-m ult ipoint archit ect ure 2nd 3rd 4t h adva nt ages 2nd an ten nas select ion ban dwidt h

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man aging cost

Table of Content s I ndex

in st allat ion De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks disadv ant ages 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h By Jack Unger evaluat in g 2nd 3rd f acilit ies cost Pub lish er: Cisco Press haPub rdware Dat e: February 26, 200 3 in itI SBN: ial cost 1-s58 705 -0 69 -2 LOS p ath s Pages: 35 2 det erm inat ion low cost m ult iple point - t o-m ult ipoint a rchit echt ur es evaluat in g 2nd new t echn ology t est ing

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. scalability sector s site surv ey s

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

support test ing

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

usage

point - t o-m ultnipoint links Lear howwirt oeless pr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

test ing point - t o-poin t arch re 2nd h 6t h 7t h 8t h and 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t 15tyhour 16t har17t Select t heitect muost eff3rd ect 4t ivhe 5tequip ment ant enn a sy st em s hf or eah 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23 rd 24t h 25t h 26t h 27t h 28t h 29t h 30t h 31st 32n d 33rd 34t h 35t h 36t h 37t h 38t h 39t h 40t h 41st 42n d 43rd 44t h 45t h 46t h 47 t h 48t h oid 49t h com 50t h m 51st 53rd encount 54t h 55t h er 56t h 57t 58t h 59t 60t h 61st 64tat h ors 65t h 66t h 67t h 68t h 69t h 70t h Av on 52n p itdfalls ed b yh new w irheless net 62n w ord k63rd oper 71 st 72n d 73rd 74t h 75t h 76t h 77t h 78t h 79t h

Minim he 4tefhfect of adva nt agesize 2nd t3rd 5t h s 6t h

noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

ant enna selection

En joy an ten nas

t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

omn id ir ect ion al an ten nas

Pr act ice t h e bu siness system ex pansion

pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

appropriat e u sage 2nd 3rd

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

back bon e ban dwid th availabilit y

disadv ant ages 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

equ ipment upgr ades

evaluat g 2nd phy 3rd sical Coninduct

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

facilit y cost s hardware costbsr oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensef r ee high noise- sp level cost , high eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s inst allat ion t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or s panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cablecost com lon ger-t an- norm links- efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings deploy t hheir ownalcost hs w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost andLOS arpat eas availabilit y pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides lownoise b sitw esorld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com plet e, hu r ealsite survIey s 2nd w ireless SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of RF (ra dio ) sit e.1 su1g, rv ey sand pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 11a, 802f requency .1 1b, 802

support test ing two locat ions point - t o-poin t wireless link s test ing polarizat ion ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h circular polarizat ion 2nd 3rd

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cost -eff ect ive dep loy m ent 2nd 3rd

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cross polarizat ion 2nd 3rd De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks horizon ta l polarizat ion 2nd By Jackmu Unger lt ipat h resist ance 2nd 3rd 4t h noise redu ct ion 2nd 3rd 4t h vert ical ion 2nd 3rd Pub lish er: polarizat Cisco Press sector ane: tenFebruary nas Pub Dat 26, 200 3 port able Im ark et1s 58 705 -0 69 -2 SBN: ser vin g Pages: 35 2

power

(wireless) 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h f ocusin g ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24t h 25 t h 26t h

Best ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. penpr nyact r at ios 2nd power rat ios 2nd power dividers

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

combin ed an ten na system s 2nd 3rd power lim it s ( FCC)

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

power lin es

av oiding Lear n

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

ant ennas power rat ios Select

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

wir eless power 2nd Power- overEt hern et m (Po E).p[ See PoEencount ( Power-over er-ed Et hern )] Av oid com on it falls b yetnew

w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

precipit at ion

Minim ize t he2nd ef 3rd fect s signal in t er ference

of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

prelimin ary n et work design

En ljoy h ervey sat ph ysica sit e tsu s isf act ion rev iewing 2nd

act t hains e bu siness preliminPr ary sitice e dem

of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

rev ising

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

physical sit e surv eys 2nd 3rd 4t h prelimin ary sit e design 2nd 3rd 4t h pricin g

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

ser vices

propag ation Con duct

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

(wireless) 2nd 3rd prot ocols f r ee License-

b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low applicat layer cost , highio-nsp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s dat a benefit link la yers w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hese filt ercom in g panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cable net work deploy t h lay eirerown cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings prot ocols andpeer ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost tr ansport layDeploy er pr ohib it iv e. ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides provider ionwsorld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com pleto rganizat e, r ealaccess po in t h ardware w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of ant11a, enna sy st ems 80 2. 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

free spa ce opt ical h ardware securit y ha rdware 2nd wir eless hardwa re 2nd 3rd 4t h wir eless hot spot hardwar e wir eless soft war e 2nd 3rd prox im it y user s

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groupin g by

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] QoS (Qu alit y of Serv ice) net work lay er Qualit y of Serv ice (QoS). [ See QoS (Qu alit y of Serv ice)]

•

Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R ] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] radiat ion pat t erns ant ennas 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h radio ama teu rs beco ming radio frequ en cy ( RF) site surv ey s. 2n d [ See RF ( radio frequ en cy ) site surv ey s] radios •

Table of Content s

smart radios I ndex radiu s ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks De pl oy sect ors By Jack Unger sector an ten nas

•

rat es Pub lish er: Cisco Press leases Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 sites rat ios

I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2

real-worPages: ld obst acles 35 2 wir eless net work s 2nd 3rd real-wor ld sign al insp ect ion s spectr um an alyzers 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h receiver ant enn as sen sit ivit y t h reshold

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. receivers

high -power t ransmit t er s per form issues Lear nance in sid er t ips

f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

noise noise f igurest and Under

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

select iv ity th resholds Lear n

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

receivin g an t en nas

Select gains

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

tr ansm ission lin e loss

Av oid m on p it falls redun dant en d com u ser coverage

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

cellu la r archit ectu re

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

reflect ed wav es 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h microwav e r ef lect ion s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

sky wav es 2nd 3rd reflect ors

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

ant ennas 2nd 3rd refr act ion Use

8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

signal t ertference 2nd ir 3rd or inou door env onm en t Reid, Neil reserv ing Ch oose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

th rough put residenceCon mou duct nt edphy an t en sical na sysit st em e sur s v ey s

an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

groun ding

Licenseresou rces f r ee

b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed comm un ity net work"slast - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit e- mail lists s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. online m agazin es WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t hedeirreadin owng 2nd cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings suggest anduser ar geas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost roups pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides ret ransmission percent age com plet mon it ore, in gr eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and hereyor RF ( radio frequ en cy ) siteotsurv s ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b,ect802 point -t o- point a rchit ure .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

RF sit e surveys 2nd (radio frequ en cy ) 80 2. 11 b access point s locat in g access po in t v un er abilit y to noise cov erage test ing 2nd

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crit eria eva lu at ion and conclu sion 2nd 3rd 4t h docum ent ing

Table of Content s I ndex

in- band noise sour ces De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks locat in g 2nd 3rd 4t h By Jack nearbUnger y out - of- band noise sources locat in g 2nd pat hslish er: Cisco Press Pub testDat inge:2nd Pub February 26, 200 3 SNR (sign al-t1-o-58 noise ra69 tio)-2 I SBN: 705 -0 observin g 2nd Pages: 35 2 spectr um an alyzers 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h rea l- world signal in spect ion 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h subst it ut ions 2nd test equ ipmen t 2nd RI P (Rou t ing I nf orma tion Pro tocol)

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. roam ing cellu la r archit ectu re net work lay er

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

roof -m oun t ed ant enn a b ases building 2nd 3rd roof s

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

physical surv eys Learsit n ehow to

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

roof t op-m oun t ed ant enn a syst em s in stSelect allin g 2nd 3rd m 4t ost h 5t heff 6t h 7t iv h 8t 9t h 10tment h 11t hand 12t h ant 13t henn 14ta h 15t h 16t t he ect e hequip sy st emhs17t f orh

y our ar ea

roof t op-m oun t ed ant enn as cablin g oid Av

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

runn ing

Minim ize 3rd t he4t hef fect s groun ding 2nd

of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

gu y wires

Enach joy att ingt h e

sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

ligh t ning prot ect ion 2nd 3rd 4t h

m astPr s act ice

t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

raising 2nd 3rd

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

rou te redun dancy

mesh arch itect u re rou ted WANs

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

bridged WANs

compar ed 2nd Con duct phy sical

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

rou tin g cables f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensesiteed e surv"eys cost , phyiscal high - sp last2nd - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s dyn amic I P rout ingit h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or t hese benefit s w net work er 2nd WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o cable comlay panies. sta tic tI P deploy h rout eir ing own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings Rou g Ieas n for mat ion Prot ocolit(RI P). [ See t ing tioneit Pro andtinar w here t rad ional w irRI edP (Rou conn ectI nf ivorma it y is h tocol)] er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ru g it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides prnnin ohib cablin g e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com plet rooft opmo unt ed ant ennas w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of ru 80ns2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

coaxia l cable

•

Table of Content s

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S ] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] saf et y equipm ent test ing saf et y issues wir eless net work s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h saf • et y tr aining

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in st allat ion perssonel I ndex

SAs spectr an alyzers) De pl( oy ing um Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks scalabilit y By Jack Unger point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re SEC (su per Eth ernet con v er ter) Pub lish er: Cisco Press sect or ant enna sy st ems 2nd 3rd 4t h Pub Dat downt ilt e: February 26, 200 3 F/ B rat I SBN: ios 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 horizon ta l beamwidt h Pages: 35 2 low- noise access point loca tion polarizat ion sector orient at ion s sector radiu s select ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. vert ical beam widt h

sect ors point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ectf rom u re Lear n in sid er t ips

an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

secur it y applicat io n st layer Under and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

aut hent icat ion dat aLear link n la yer how 2ndt o 3rdpr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

en cry pt ion

Select t he mEnost eff iv edard) equip ment AES (Adv anced cry pt ionect St an

and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

en han cing 2nd

Av oid firewalls

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

net work lay er 2nd

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

physical layer 2nd sof t ware

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

prov id ers 2nd secur it y hardwar e

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

prov id er organ izat ions 2nd selecta ble Usepolarizat 8 02. 1ion 1a, ant ennas or ou t door

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, env ir onm en t

selectiv it y sign als Ch oose

t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

receiv ers sensit ivCon ity t hresho duct ldphy sical

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

receiv er an t en nas

Licensef r ee r oadban d serv ice organ izatb ions

w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefitysservices w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or high -reliabilit cablecomm comitpanies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o tin g t o deploy pricingt h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost sh aredarban dwidt h pr ohib ited iv e. Deploy dedicat ban dwidt h ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, ed r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or compar w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of signa l 80 2. 11a, (dBs) 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s decibels 2nd costices , high - sp eed serv

int erf er en ce amat eur radio operat ors signa l- t o-n oise rat io (SNR) . [ See SNR (sign al-t o-n oise rat io) ] signa ls atm osph er ic eff ect s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h dif f ract ion 2nd 3rd Fresn al zon e clearan ce 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

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int erf er en ce

Table of Content s

out -of -bo und signa ls

I ndex

int erf er en ce lev els De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks minim izing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd By Jack levelsUnger maximizin g noPub ise lish er: Cisco Press dir ection inding t echniqu Pub Dat e: -f February 26, 200es 3 2nd 3rd 4t h docum ent1-ing ion-2result s I SBN: 58 reduct 705 -0 69 man made noise Pages: 35 2 nat ural noise net work perf orman ce 2nd no ise lev els minim izing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd receiv er n oise

Best privact select it y ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. receiv ers SNR

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

(Signal- to- Noise Rat io ) 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h var iat ion s 2nd

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

weat h er problem s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h

Simple Lear Mail Tran sfer Prot ocol See SMTP Mail Tr ansf Prot oco l) ] er net n how t o pr ov(SMTP) id e pr. [of it ab le (Simple and r eliable w irereless I nt

access

sim plex th roug hput du plex th rougt hput Select he m ost

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

compar ed 2nd sit e m anagem t Av oid encom m on

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

con t act in g

Minim ize t heeys ef fect s physical sit e surv

of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

sit e su rv ey s

Enctjoy condu in g

t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

per form ing

Pr act t h esbu siness ph ysica l sit ice e su rvey

pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

ant enna direct ion

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

ant enna grou nding 2nd 3rd 4t h ant enna heigh t

ant enna m ount in g 2nd

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

ant enna placem en t 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h cable rou tin gphy 2ndsical Con duct

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

cont rolled equ ip ment en v ir onm en t s 2nd equ ipment - t ro-an t en na dist 2nd w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licensef r ee b oadban d wance ir eless form- ing 2nd 3rd 4t h- m 5t hile" 6t h w 7tir h eless 8t h 9t hI 10t h 11t 12t h 13t h License14t h 15t h fr 16t 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st d 23rd cost , per high sp eed " last nt er neth access. eeh 17t w irheless t echnolog y 22n deliv er s 24 t h 25tbenefit h 26t h 27t h 28t 29t requ h 30t hirin 31st 33rd of 34tpr h 35t 36tsh or 37tserv h 38tices h 39t hp rov 40t hided 41st 42n 43rd 44t h 45t h 46t or h 47t h t hese s w it h hout g 32n t h ed use odhuct by dlocal t elep hone 48 t h 49tcom h 50tpanies. h 51st 52nWWANs d 53rd 54tenable h 55t h 56t h 57t h 58tser h 59t h 60t 61st 62n h 65tcorp h 66t horat 67t he 68t h 70t h s71st cable I nt er net vice prhov ider s d( 63rd I SPs)64tand I Thm69t anager to 72 nd 73rdt h74t h 76t h 77t h deploy eirh 75t own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings prelim net work 2ndw3rd 4t hconn 5t h 6tect h iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost and ar easinary w here t raddesign it ional ir ed preparing for 2nd ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohib it iv e. Deploy roofse, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com plet site man agement cont act sor ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless I SPs and ot her point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect.1 u re 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

point -t o- point a rchit ect ure 2nd RF (ra dio f requency ) sit e su rv ey s RF sit e sur vey s 2nd 802 .1 1b access p oint s access po in t v un er abilit y to noise coverag e t estin g 2nd crit eria eva lu at ion and conclu sion 2nd 3rd 4t h

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docum ent ing

Table of Content s

in -ban d n oise sou rces 2nd 3rd 4t h

I ndex

nearby ou t -of -ban d n oise sou rces 2nd De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks pat h t est ing 2nd By JackSNR Unger ( signal- ton oise rat io) 2nd spectr um an alyzers 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h test 2nd Pub lishequ er: ipmen Cisco t Press sit esPub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 availability I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 conf irmin g Pages: 35 2 equipm ent accessing insu ran ce req uirement s int erf er en ce

Best avoidin pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. g leases negot iatin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

rat es t owers

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

req uirement s

work requirem ent st o Lear n how

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

sk y wav es 2nd 3rd sm all an d sim ple m odel Select t he m ost

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

WI SPs sm all-ofAv fice/ h omeoffm iceon ( SOHO) m ark et s oid com p it falls encount er ed

b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

ser vin g

Minim sm art an t en nasize

t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

sm art ra dios

En joy Mail t h eTrsat SMTP (Simple ansfisf er act Protion oco l)of SNR 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Pr l-act ice t hrat e io) bu siness (signa t o-n oise

p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

mon it or in g d ir ect ly

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

var iat ion s 2nd

SNR (sign al-t o-n oise rat io) observin g 2nd

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

sof t ware

securCon ity soft warephy sical duct

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

prov id ers 2nd wir elessf rsoft 2nd 3rd d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low Licenseeewar b r eoadban SOM st em --op tin g" last m argin) cost (,syhigh spera eed - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s Spann Tree Prot t heseingbenefit s ocol w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or spect rum analy zers cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o ban d oft h f requencies deploy eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings in spect 2nd 3rd and ar eas ing w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost in put it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides pr ohib outplet put e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or com peak - hold feat ure w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of RF11a, sit e sur vey s.12nd 4t h.1 5t1g, h 6t hand 7t h 8t 9t h iet 10tary h 11t h ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 802 1b,3rd802 prh opr - pr

rea l- world signal in spect ion 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h sign als det ect ing subst it ut ions 2nd th ree- signal spect rum a naly zer cov erage display wireless pr oto col an alyzers compar ed spect rum analy zers ( SAs)

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spillover

ant ennas De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks spread spect rum m odu la tion By Jack spect Unger spread rum sign aling licen ce- fr ee spread spectr um sign alin g 2nd st able wireless n etwoPress rks Pub lish er: Cisco deploying 3rd Pub Dat e:2nd February 26, 200 3 st at ic I P Irou t ing1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 SBN: st eady n oise Pages: 35 2 su b-1 Mbps dat a rat es su ggested reading 2nd su per Et h er net con vert er (SEC) . [ See SEC (su per Eth ernet con v er ter) ] su pport point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re

Best pr-tact icesa frchit or ect plan point o- point urening and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. swit chin g tu rnar ound t ime

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

sy st em- operat ing margin ( SOM) . [ See SOM ( sy st em -op era tin g m argin) ]

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T ] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] T1/ E1 in terf aces T3/ E3 in terf aces t able sizes MAC addr esses t agging

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VLANs ( v irt ualTable LANs)of Content s

t•alk back / order wire int erf aces I ndex TCP De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks (Tran smissio n Co nt rol Prot ocol) By Jack Unger TCP/ I P r ef erence m odel 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h applicat io n layer Pub Cisco dat a lish linker: la yer 2ndPress 3rd Pub es Dat e: February 26, 200 3 fram 2nd 3rd net work I SBN: lay er 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 packPages: et s 2nd35 3rd 2 peer prot ocols ser vices 2nd tr ansport lay er Telnet t est equipm ent

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. man uf act urers

RF (ra dio f requency ) sit e su rv ey s 2nd t est t echn iq ues Lear n in sid er

t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

t est in g celluUnder la r archit st ectu andret he

p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

coverag e 2nd docum Lear entninghow

t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

equipm ent

Select lab s

t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

out doors 2nd

Av oid safet y

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

pat hs 2nd

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

point -t o- mu ltipoin t arch it ect u re point -t o- point a rchit ect ure

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

wir eless sy st em s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

t hree-sign al sp ect ru m ana ly zer cov er age display

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

t hresh olds receiv ers 8 02. 1 1a, Use

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

t hrou ghpu 2nd 3rd 4tenv h 5t hir onm en t or tou t door ban dwidt h dif f eren tiat in g bet ween Ch oose t he r ight

net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

dat a rat e compar Con duct ed 2nd phy sical

sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

man aging 2nd 3rd 4t h

Licenser ee2nd b r3rd oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low measur fing 4t h cost , high reserv in g - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or tt ools cable com WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o in st allat ionpanies. s h eir tdeploy opographtic m apsown cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings andpurch ar eas asingw here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost ohib it iv e.ies Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides tpr ower co mpan com plet e,siderat r eal-ions w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or cost con ireless SPsentand ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of tw ower m anaIgem 80con 2. 11a, t act in g802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

physical sit e surv eys t ower-m oun t ed ant enn a syst em s groun ding in st allin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h t owers man uf act urers req uirement s Tran smissio n Co nt rol Prot ocol ( TCP). [ See TCP (Transm ission Cont rol Prot ocol) ]

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Table of Content s

•

I ndex

t ransmission line loss

receiv er an t en nas De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks t ransmit t er an t en na sy st em t ran sm ission lin e loss By Jack Unger lin k bud get t ransmit t er ou t put po wer lin k bud Pub lish get er: Cisco Press t ransmit ers e: February 26, 200 3 Pub tDat conf igurable ower t rol I SBN: 1-p58 705con -0 69 -2 high -power t ransmit t er s Pages: 35 2 receiv er perf orm ance ou t- of- ban d t ran smit t ers noise redu ct ion 2nd out put power t ransmit t ing ant enn a gain

Best act lin kpr bud getices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. t ransport lay er fun ct ions

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

prot ocols t rends

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

ant icipat ing t riangu Lear lat ion n

how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

ant ennas Triple DES (3 DES) Select t he

m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

t urn arou nd tim e switch Aving oid

com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U ] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] Uda , Sh int aro UDP (User Dat agram Prot ocol) upp er f req uency lim it s feed sy st em s User Dat agram Prot ocol (UDP) . [ See UDP (User Dat agram Prot ocol) ] user grou ps •

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resources

Table of Content s I ndex

users De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks grou ping By Jack Unger proxim it y Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V ] [ W ] [ Y] v ert ical beam widt h sector an ten nas vert ical polarizat ion ant ennas 2nd 3rd vert ical separat ion isolat ion

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ant enna sy st ems 2nd 4t h s Table of 3rd Content

vert om nidirect iona l ant enn as • ically polarized I ndex vDe irtpl ual net work ( VPNs). [ See VPNs priv net work s)] oyprivat ing Liecense - Frsee W ir e le ss W i de -(v Arirteual a Ne twat oreks visual LOS pat hs By Jack Unger wireless LOS pat hs compar ed Pub(vlish er: LANs) Cisco Press VLANs irt ual Pub tag ginDat g e: February 26, 200 3 Voice ov er I SBN: I nt ernet 1- 58 Pro 705tocol -0 69 -2 ( VoI P). [ See VoI P (Voice ov er I nt ernet Prot ocol)] VoI P (Voices er 2I nt ernet Pr ot ocol) Pages:ov35 VPNs (v irt ual priv at e net work s)

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y] WANs (wide-area net work s) 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h bridged WANs 2nd LOS ( line-of -sigh t ) pat hs obt ain ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h

• •

rout ed WANs Table 2nd of Content s wir eless frequIncies ndex

wir power 2nd 4tir h e5tlehss 6tW h 7t h -8t De pl oyeless ing Li cense - Fr3rd ee W i de Arhe9t a hNe tw or ks wir eless propagat ion 2nd 3rd By Jack Unger wir eless WANs 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h wir eless wav elengt h 2nd 3rd Pub lishing er: Cisco Press wat erproof Pub ect Dat e: sFebruary 26, 200 3 conn ion 2nd drip I SBN: loops1-2nd 58 705 -0 69 -2 wav elenPages: gt h 2nd353rd 2 wav es elect rom agnet ic wav es free-space wav es frequen cies ref lect ed wav es 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. microwav e r ef lect ion s 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

sky wav es 2nd 3rd wir eless h 2nd Learwav n inelengt sid er t ips3rdf rom

an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

WCAI ( Wireless Com mu nicat ions Associat ion I nt ern ation al) weat herUnder problems st and

t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

signals 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h WEP (Wired Lear Equ n how ivalent t oPrivacy) pr ov id e

pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

wide-area net work s ( WANs) . [ See WANs (wide- area n et work s) ]

Select he m wideband FHSS tsigna ls ost

eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

wind

Avinoid com m on signal t er ference

p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

wired ba ckb ones

Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

wireless backbon es compar ed

En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

Wired Equivalent Pr ivacy (WEP). [ See WEP (Wired Equ ivalent Privacy)] wired n etwor ks

Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

wireless n et wor ks compar 2nd Use 8ed 02. 1 1a,

80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice,

wired-inor terfou acet door f eat ureenv o ption s ir onm en t physical layer 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h 14t h 15t h 16t h 17t h 18t h 19t h 20t h 21st 22n d 23rd 24 t h 25t h oose 26t h 27t h 28t h Ch t he r ight

net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

wireless 8 02. 11 b ca rds wirelessCon an t en duct nas

phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

ligh t ning prot ect ion

Licensef r ee r oadban safet y issu es b 2nd 3rd 4t h d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high sp es eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s wireless back-bon t hese s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or wiredbenefit b ack bones cablecompar com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o ed deploy Com t h eir cost - efficient b r oadban d n et Wireless mu own nicat ion s Associat ion I n tern at ional ( WCAI ) w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w ent here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost wireless equipm pr ohib iv e. ing 2nd Licenseeless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides en viroitnm en Deploy t al decisions 3rd 4t hFr 5tee h 6tWir h com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or wireless h ardware w ireless SPs izat andions ot2nd her 3rd or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of prov id er I organ 4t h 80 2. 11a, 802h.1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s wireless h ot spot ardware

prov id er organ izat ions wireless I n t er net serv ice prov iders (WI SPs) . 2n d [ See WI SPs ( wireless I n tern et serv ice prov iders)] Wireless I n t ern et Ser vice Prov ider s Associat ion ( WI SPA) Wireless LANs ( i), 2 nd Edit ion wireless licensin g hist ory of 2nd 3rd 4t h wireless link budget calculat ions 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h wireless LOS (line-o f- sight ) pat hs

• •

Table of Content s

obt ain ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h 10t h 11t h 12t h 13t h

I ndex

wireless LOS pat hs De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks compar ed By Jack Unger wireless n et owrk s . 2nd 3rd [ See also license- fr ee wir eless net owrk s] wireless n eter: work ing Press Pub lish Cisco inPub t elligence Dat e: February 26, 200 3 licen sefr ee 1wireless net I SBN: 58 705 -0 69work -2 ing 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h wireless n et work s Pages: 35 2 available ban dwidt h maximizin g 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h broadban d rea l- world obst acles 2nd 3rd WANs

Best (wide-area pr act icesnet f or plan ning m en t of br oad band WWANs. work s) 2nd 3rd and 4t h 5tdeploy h 6t h 7t h wired n eto wrks compar ed 2nd

Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er

work ing wit h

safet y issu es 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h

Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s

wireless n odes

mesh archnitect u re t o Lear how

pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access

wireless power penSelect ny r at iost 2nd he

m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea

power rat ios 2nd wirelessAv pro pagat ion m 2nd oid com on3rd p it falls

encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors

wireless pro tocol an aly zers

izezers t he spectMinim ru m analy

ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork

compar ed

joyalst h e wirelessEn sign

sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y

modu lation

act ice 2nd t h e3rd bu siness wirelessPrsof t ware

pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs)

wireless st an dards

Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t

802 .1 1 wir eless st andar ds

802 .1 1a wireless st andar ds 802 .1 1b wireless st andar ds

Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k

802 .1 1d wireless st andar ds

802Con .1 1e duct wireless stasical ndardssit e phy

sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys

802 .1 1f wireless st an dards 802 .1 1gf rwireless st andar ds Licenseee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low 802 .1 1h wireless dards cost , high - sp eedst"an last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s 802 .1 1i wireless t hese benefit s wstitandards h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or 802 .1 5. 1 wir eless st WWANs andard s cable com panies. enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o 802 .1 6t hwir st andar deploy eireless own costds - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings 6a wireless and802 ar.1eas w herest tandar rad itdsional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost 802 .1itxiv wireless st an dards pr ohib e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides organizat s com plet e, ion r ealw orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or wireless sy stI SPs ems and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of w ireless test11a, ing 2nd 3rd.14t1b, h 5t h802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s 80 2. 802

WI SPA ( Wir eless I nt ernet Serv ice Pro viders Associat ion) WI SPs (wireless I n t er net serv ice prov iders) 2nd in dust ry organiza tion s int erf er en ce dealin g wit h lar ge and com plex mo del

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ser vin g 2nd De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks small and simple model By Jack Unger su ccess pla nnin g f or 2nd 3rd 4t h 5t h 6t h 7t h 8t h 9t h visit Pubing lish er: Cisco Press workPub req uirement s Dat e: February 26, 200 3 sites I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s

[ SYMBOL] [ A] [ B] [ C] [ D ] [ E] [ F] [ G] [ H ] [ I ] [ J] [ L] [ M] [ N] [ O ] [ P] [ Q ] [ R] [ S] [ T] [ U] [ V] [ W ] [ Y ] Yagi, Hidet su ga Yagi- Uda ant enn as 2nd 3rd 4t h

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I ndex

De pl oy ing Li cense - Fr ee W ir e le ss W i de - Ar e a Ne tw or ks By Jack Unger

Pub lish er: Cisco Press Pub Dat e: February 26, 200 3 I SBN: 1- 58 705 -0 69 -2 Pages: 35 2

Best pr act ices f or plan ning and deploy m en t of br oad band WWANs. Lear n in sid er t ips f rom an ex perienced wir eless ind ust r y lead er Under st and t he p rinciples t h at un der lie t h e oper at ion of all wir eless sy st em s Lear n how t o pr ov id e pr of it ab le and r eliable w ir eless I nt er net access Select t he m ost eff ect iv e equip ment and ant enn a sy st em s f or y our ar ea Av oid com m on p it falls encount er ed b y new w ir eless net w or k oper at ors Minim ize t he ef fect s of noise and int er fer en ce on y our net w ork En joy t h e sat isf act ion of p rov iding w ir eless I n t ern et access t o you r comm un it y Pr act ice t h e bu siness pr inciples used b y successf ul wir eless I SPs ( WI SPs) Use 8 02. 1 1a, 80 2. 11 b, and 8 02. 11 g equ ipm en t m or e successfully in y our ow n hom e, off ice, or ou t door env ir onm en t Ch oose t he r ight net w or k ar ch it ect ur e f or y our w ir eless net w or k Con duct phy sical sit e sur v ey s an d r ad io- f r eq uency ( RF) sit e sur v eys License- f r ee b r oadban d w ir eless w ide- area net w ork s ( WW ANs) pr ov id e fast deploym ent of low cost , high - sp eed " last - m ile" w ir eless I nt er net access. License- fr ee w ir eless t echnolog y deliv er s t hese benefit s w it h out requ irin g t h e use of pr od uct s or serv ices p rov ided by local t elep hone or cable com panies. WWANs enable I nt er net ser vice pr ov ider s ( I SPs) and corp orat e I T m anager s t o deploy t h eir own cost - efficient b r oadban d n et w or k s t hat deliver h ig h- speed access f or bu ild ings and ar eas w here t rad it ional w ir ed conn ect iv it y is eit h er com plet ely unav ailable or is cost pr ohib it iv e. Deploy ing License- Fr ee Wir eless Wide- Area Net w or k s is t he f ir st book t hat pr ov ides com plet e, r eal- w orld " st ar t - t o- f in ish " d esign, inst allat ion , oper at ion, an d sup por t in for m at ion f or w ireless I SPs and ot her or ganizat ion s deploy in g out door wir eless WANs- including cov er age of 80 2. 11a, 802 .1 1b, 802 .1 1g, and pr opr iet ary - pr ot ocol n et w or k s. This v endor - neut r al book cover s