Daniel Arbuckle's mastering Python: build powerful Python applications 9781787283695, 1787283690, 9781787284401, 1787284409

Table of contents :
Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 3
Credits......Page 4
About the Author......Page 5
www.PacktPub.com......Page 6
Customer Feedback......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 15
Python basic syntax and block structure......Page 20
Functions......Page 22
Variables......Page 24
Expressions......Page 25
Classes......Page 26
Flow control statements......Page 27
Indentation......Page 28
Dictionaries......Page 29
List......Page 30
Tuple......Page 31
Set......Page 32
Comprehension......Page 33
First-class functions and classes......Page 34
The defaultdict class......Page 36
Attributes......Page 37
Different types of packages......Page 38
What's new in modern Python......Page 40
The changes in the syntactic......Page 41
Changes in packages......Page 42
Other changes in Python packages......Page 43
Summary......Page 44
Downloading and installing Python......Page 45
Installing Python......Page 46
Opening a command-line window......Page 48
Python interactive shell......Page 49
The pip tool for packages......Page 52
Managing installed packages......Page 53
Using Package Index......Page 56
Legalities and licenses of the Python Package Index......Page 57
Summary......Page 58
Creating an empty package......Page 59
Turning a regular folder into a package......Page 60
Importing all package modules......Page 61
Adding modules to the package......Page 63
Module loading with namespace packages......Page 64
The Package structure and interface......Page 65
Accessing code from other modules......Page 67
Importing a cyclic dependency......Page 68
Resolving attribute errors raised due to cyclic dependencies......Page 69
Adding static data files to the package......Page 70
Summary......Page 71
Chapter 4: Basic Best Practices......Page 72
PEP 8 — guidelines for Python code......Page 73
Code indentation......Page 74
Formatting recommendations......Page 75
Using version control......Page 77
Committing the changes in Git......Page 78
Undoing the changes......Page 79
Branches......Page 80
Merging codes......Page 82
The mergetool command......Page 83
Using venv to create a stable and isolated work area......Page 84
Activating a virtual environment......Page 85
pip in virtual environments......Page 86
PEP 257 and docutils......Page 87
Sphinx......Page 88
Turning docstrings into HTML......Page 90
Using doctest to test documentation examples......Page 94
Testing examples using doctest......Page 95
Summary......Page 96
Chapter 5: Making a Command-Line Utility......Page 97
Making a package executable via Python -m......Page 98
Pipeline program......Page 99
Creating an ArgumentParser object......Page 101
Setting the name of argument......Page 102
nargs......Page 104
Python's built-in functions - print and input......Page 106
The pprint package......Page 107
The cmd class......Page 108
The Pipeline user interface......Page 110
Subprocess and its variants......Page 112
The PIPE constant......Page 115
The wait method......Page 116
Finishing up our code example......Page 117
Creating launches for our program......Page 118
Summary......Page 119
Using the concurrent.futures package......Page 120
The concurrent.futures module......Page 122
Calling ProcessPoolExecutor......Page 123
Using the submit method......Page 125
The done and result methods......Page 127
The wait and as_completed functions......Page 129
The cancel method......Page 130
Using the multiprocessing packages......Page 131
Process class in the multiprocessing module......Page 132
Queues......Page 133
Pipes......Page 134
Manager......Page 135
The event object......Page 137
The condition object......Page 138
Summary......Page 139
Chapter 7: Coroutines and Asynchronous I/O......Page 140
The difference between asynchronous processing and parallel processing......Page 141
Multithreading is not good for servers......Page 142
Cooperative coroutine scheduler versus coroutine......Page 143
The coroutine scheduler......Page 144
Creating a coroutine......Page 145
ensure_future......Page 146
The run_forever/run_until_complete methods......Page 147
Closing event_loop......Page 149
asyncio's future objects......Page 150
Synchronization primitives......Page 152
The wait coroutine......Page 153
The gather coroutine......Page 155
The asyncio Queue class......Page 156
Creating a simple client in asyncio......Page 157
Handling client disconnections......Page 159
Summary......Page 160
Chapter 8: Metaprogramming......Page 161
Using the @ syntax in a function decorator......Page 162
Global decorator - @staticmethod......Page 163
Attributes......Page 164
Enclosing the function in a wrapper......Page 165
Function annotations......Page 166
Accessing annotation data......Page 167
Annotations as input to function decorators......Page 168
Keyword arguments......Page 169
Inspecting the package signature function......Page 170
Class decorators......Page 171
Modifying class attributes......Page 172
The factory function......Page 173
Class definitions......Page 174
Metaclasses......Page 176
The __prepare__method......Page 177
The __new__ method......Page 178
Context managers......Page 180
Defining a context manager as a generator......Page 181
Synchronous-coroutine-based context managers......Page 182
Descriptors......Page 184
Using @property to create a descriptor......Page 185
Writing descriptors as classes......Page 186
Summary......Page 188
Chapter 9: Unit Testing......Page 189
Understanding the principle of unit testing......Page 190
What is a unit test?......Page 191
Structuring a test file......Page 193
assert methods......Page 194
Comparing what happens to what should happen in unit tests......Page 196
Using unittest.mock......Page 197
Preconfiguring mock objects......Page 198
assert methods of mock objects......Page 200
The unittest.mock patch function......Page 201
Using unittest's test discovery......Page 202
Unittest's discovery tool......Page 203
Command-line options in unit test discovery......Page 204
Running our tests with nose......Page 206
The cover-package option......Page 207
Summary......Page 208
Chapter 10: Reactive Programming......Page 209
The concept of reactive programming......Page 210
Building a simple reactive programming framework......Page 211
Observables......Page 212
Emitting events......Page 213
Building the observable sequence......Page 214
Illustrating a stream of animal events......Page 215
Composing an observable sequence......Page 216
Using the reactive extensions for Python (RxPY)......Page 217
Translating our zoo demo into Rx......Page 218
Observable factory methods......Page 219
Combining and processing observable sequences......Page 220
The Observable.create method......Page 222
The Observable.select_many method......Page 223
Empty, return_value, and from_iterable factory methods......Page 224
The where factory method......Page 225
Summary......Page 226
Microservices and the advantages of process isolation......Page 227
Applying the microservice architecture to web servers......Page 228
Building high-level microservices with Flask......Page 229
Building a microservice to maintain a database......Page 230
Making Flask handle a request......Page 231
Running and connecting to our microservice using Flask......Page 234
Installing nameko......Page 236
Running and connecting a microservice using nameko......Page 238
Interacting with a microservice manually using the nameko shell......Page 239
Interacting with a microservice by creating another microservice......Page 240
Summary......Page 241
Chapter 12: Extension Modules and Compiled Code......Page 242
The downsides of compiled code......Page 243
Locating and linking a dynamic library......Page 245
Assigning attributes to a function......Page 247
Using a pointer as a parameter of a function......Page 248
Providing data structure layouts......Page 249
Working with Cython......Page 251
Additional import methods in Cython......Page 252
Writing extension modules in Cython......Page 253
Methods to increase the execution speed of Python code......Page 254
Using cpdef in a Cython class......Page 256
Compiling an extension module in Python......Page 257
Summary......Page 259
Index......Page 260