Table of contents : Author’s Note Introduction: Putting the Commune Back into Communism 1 Red Current, Pink Tide: El Maizal Commune 2 The Long Roots of Venezuela’s Communal Tradition 3 A Commune Called “Che”: A Socialist Holdout in the Venezuelan Andes 4 Mészáros and Chávez: The Philosopher and the Llanero 5 Three Communes in the East 6 The Communard Union and Its Foundational Congress 7 The Guayana Region: Communal Practices and Solidarity Brigades among Industrial Workers 8 El Panal Commune: Seething with Popular Power 9 Epilogue: Looking Back, Looking Forward Notes Index