Combat Shotguns 1853675156, 9781853675157

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Ghost ring sights such as this one on a Scattergun Technologies Remington 870 are considered the best for combat shotguns by many trainers.

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Large ears on this combat Remington 11-87P are designed to protect the rear ghost ring sight during hard usage.

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game. Not only did these rifle sights allow the shotgun to be used more effectively with slugs, but they also allowed buckshot to be fired with more precision at longer range. Within the last two decades, the ghosi ring sight which combines fast acquisition with precise pattern placement has become particularly popular on combat shotguns for police and special military units, a point emphasized by the fact that producers of the most popular combat shotguns such as Benelli, Mossberg, and Remington now offer ghost ring sights as an option. The latest generation of optical combat sights have proven themselves durable and reliable and have also allowed shooters employing

them to significantly improve their accuracy. Therefore, at least some shotguns are now being equipped with optical sights. The FABARM line of shotguns, for example, offers the option of a Picatinny rail which will accept a wide variety of optical sights. Shotguns are now frequently equipped with laser sights or white light illuminators to enhance their effectiveness at night. As a result of these innovations in targeting devices and the availability of very accurate buckshot rounds, the combat shotgun may be employed with even more precision and deadly effect than in the past. Also important in the accuracy of the shotgun is its choke, which influences

the tightness of the pattern. In

considering chokes for combat shotguns, two sometimes contradictory

factors must be considered. When dealing with multiple attackers ina constricted space, then a shotgun which throws a relatively wide pattern at close range may be desirable. On the other hand, if the primary purpose of the shotgun is to deliver massive stopping power, placing all of its pellets in a relatively tight pattern is preferable. Many combat shotguns come with “cylinder bore” barrels, which in simple terms means that they have no choke whatsoever. Improved cylinder chokes may also be encountered on combat shotguns. The improved cylinder choke constricts the barrel by about .007 inches, thus tightening the pattern but

One of the earliest laser systems available for combat shotguns was this one from Laser Products, which fits on the forearm.

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Optical sights such as this Tasco ProPoint can enhance the performance of the

combat shotgun. allowing a wider spread as the pellets move down range. Some combat shotguns, especially some of the more recent models which come with interchangeable chokes will be encountered

with modified chokes,

whieh constrict the bore by .11 inches. Other than for specialized usage, this is about the tightest choke which will nermally be used on a combat shotgun. It is also possible to obtain specialized chokes for combat shotguns,

such as the “duck bill” choke

used by U.S. Navy SEAL (sea, air and land) teams to spread a pattern horizontally for clearing a ship’s deck. Military shotguns, especially, need to

be equipped with a bayonet lug and sling swivels. When the Model 1897 Trench Gun was adopted, U.S. ordnance personnel developed a ventilated hand guard which " incorporated a bayonet lug and front sling swivel. In addition to adding to the martial appearance of this weapon, the hand guard serves the useful purpose of helping to dissipate heat when multiple rounds are fired quickly.

Interchangeable chokes such as these for an FN Police model provide versatility to the combat shotgun. 29

Among contemporary shotguns equipped with the ventilated hand guard are Mossberg’s Military Model 590 and the FABARM FP-6. Sling swivels are also quite useful on the combat shotgun used in law enforcement since they allow the officer to sling his shotgun when one or both hands are needed for dealing with suspects or performing other duties. Specialized combat slings will be discussed later. To summarize the characteristics of the fighting shotgun: it is designed to be a deadly close-quarters combat weapon,

one which will deliver as

many projectiles as possible on as many targets as possible in the minimum amount of time. Based on the experiences of U.S. law enforcement agencies which have used combat shotguns for decades, rarely does a gunfight in which the police officer is armed with a shotgun require more than one round of 12-gauge buckshot to end the fight, normally terminally! The combat shotgun is designed to insure a high hit probability in quick reaction shooting, while in urban areas it limits the distance projectiles will travel to inhibit “collateral damage.” The specialized features of the combat shotgun are designed to help it to fulfill these tasks. 30

U.S. military combat shotguns often have a ventilated handguard/heat shield and a bayonet lug added.

Missions of the Combat Shotgun The basic mission or function.of the combat shotgun is to deliver maximum stopping power against an enemy at close range. Note that the phrase “stopping power” is used as opposed to “killing power’ because the forte of the fighting shotgun is to cause an eneniy immediately to stop hostile action through inflicting massive trauma. Many times, with other weapons,

an enemy

has been shot in such a manner that death will eventually follow, yet has retained enough vitality to kill one or more people before expiring. For the police officer, the shotgun grants fire superiority against a criminal or criminals armed with handguns in a close range encounter. For the soldier, the shotgun offers the ability to break an ambush or quickly down an enemy encountered in jungle, bunker, cave, building, ship corridor, or other close combat situation.

The Colt Six Shooter has been called, . “the Great Equalizer,” but the shotgun

could validly be called the great “unequalizer’ as it gives its wielder a distinct advantage. Admittedly, the sub-machinegun can also deliver a large number of projectiles on a target quickly. However, to deliver

nine bullets into an enemy using a submachinegun requires substantial training to counter muzzle climb and, generally, trigger control to fire multiple bursts. The delivery of nine projectiles from a combat shotgun only requires the firing of one round of no.00 buckshot. Both the submachinegun and the shotgun are deadly at close range, but, admittedly, the submachinegun may be used more selectively in the hands of highly trained personnel in situations such as hostage rescue. On the other hand, when facing multiple hostiles in a threatening situation, a shotgun holding eight rounds of no.00 buckshot can send 72 projectiles down range before a submachinegunner can empty a 30-round magazine, reload and fire another 30

rounds. Oy to put the matter in even better perspective, a 12-gauge shotgun with a capacity of 8+1 and loaded with no.4 buckshot can throw almost 250 projectiles down range in the few seconds it takes to cycle the action. This normally works out to equivalent to about 2,000 rounds per minute, faster than any firearm except maybe a Minigun! The fact the shotgun is such a devastating close combat weapon is the

genesis for another one of its missions: intimidation. The combat shotgun can often prevent violence by its reputation for messy deadliness. U.S. police officers who carry a fighting shotgun in their patrol cars are well aware that the intimidation effect of the shotgun will often influence armed felons to surrender rather than face it. The author as a young patrol deputy always made it a point to loudly rack the slide of his Remington 870 before searching for intruders in buildings at night to send the signal that he was armed with a shotgun. In at least one instance, a burglar quickly surrendered.

In another instance, the

author answered a call to assist a state highway patrolman who was dealing with a group of belligerent bikers in a roadside park. The motorcycle club members were remarkably unimpressed with the highway patrolman’s lecture but when the author arrived and racked a round of 00 buckshot into his Remington 870, the bikers could back down “with

honor” because of the overwhelming threat of the shotgun. Military police personnel assigned to guard critical installations or dangerous prisoners often carry a shotgun instead 31

Two variations of full-sized Remington 870s with folding stocks. At top is a model set up for maritime security which incorporates a flash light in the forearm and a Remington factory folding stock. Note the nickel finish for corrosion resistance. The bottom Remington 870 uses a Butler Creek side folding stock which incorporates storage for three spare rounds.

of a rifle for the same reason. The shotgun’s formidable reputation prevents many from challenging. Likewise, prison guards armed with shotguns are a strong deterrent to escape attempts. In many 32

parts of the world, including Singapore and Hong Kong, Sikh bank guards armed with combat shotguns offer excellent and visible security for depositors. Few bank robbers want to challenge the

combination of a courageous Sikh guard and a shotgun. Some armored car companies also employ guards with shotguns when moving money into and out of the vehicle, the fighting 12 gauge

offering far more deterrence than a .38 Special revolver or a 9-mm autoloader.

Another area where the combat shotgun’s deterrence effect is invaluable is crowd control. During civil unrest the combat shotgun, especially with bayonet mounted, offers a very tangible reason for a crowd to avoid violence. In the hands of well-trained military or police personnel who advance with bayonet forward loudly stomping their feet, a crowd can be prodded backwards. Should resistance be considered the gaping maw of the 12 gauge helps dampen the crowd’s enthusiasm for gunplay.

As daunting as the combat shotgun can be to potential enemies, however,

those employing it must always bear in mind that threat may not be enough — they must be willing to deploy the shotgun’s firepower if necessary. Another mission performed by the combat shotgun is serving as a delivery system for less lethal munitions. U.S. Marines, for example, train with the

shotgun for crowd contro! during situations of urban unrest when they may -have to go in to rescue U.S. civilians from another nation. Their tactics often include the use of shotgunners to fire rubber batons, rubber buckshot, flex batons, or other such painful stimulants

to crowd dispersal. Normally, the shotgunners will be mixed in with

personnel armed with rifles so that any crowd members firing on the Marines can be neutralized with rifle fire. The Crossfire combo rifle/shotgun’s development has been followed closely by embassy security personnel since this one weapon offers potential for using the ~ shotgun to deliver less lethal munitions while the rifle remains loaded with antipersonnel ball rounds. Some shotguns are specifically designated among law enforcement agencies for use with less lethal ammunition and may have orange stock and fore-end to prevent a shotgun loaded with buckshot or slugs from being confused with one loaded with less lethal rounds. Law enforcement agencies may also use less lethal munitions in animal control. For example, if a SWAT team is preparing to raid a residence guarded by a dog, to avoid killing the animal less lethal rounds may be used to drive it off. Less lethal rounds may also be used to drive escaped livestock back towards a fenced area. Still another use for less lethal rounds may be to take out a light bulb during a stealth approach by a police or military entry team. Swat teams also use shotguns as delivery systems for other specialized munitions. Most SWAT teams have a shotgun designed to fire Shok-Lok or other 12-gauge rounds intended to remove

locks or hinges from a door. The SWAT shotgun may also be used to deploy chemical munitions or stun munitions prior to a team carrying out an entry. Still another mission for the combat shotgun is residence defense. Many home owners who choose to keep a defensive weapon in their home live in areas where the rifle or handgun may not be legally owned. Others are not skilled with firearms and feel the shotgun’s greater probability of scoring a hit makes it a better choice. Still others who choose the shotgun for self-defense value its combination of stopping power in case it must be used and intimidation effect in hopes that it can avoid being used. Yet another reason the shotgun may be selected for self-defense is because the person choosing it lives in an urban environment, perhaps in an apartment, and wants a weapon which will not over-penetrate walls, thus endangering neighbors. By loading the shotgun with lighter loads carrying smaller shot, it can still make an excellent defensive weapon, even in an apartment. Of course, some countries, such as the U.K., do not allow a weapon to be kept around the home for self-defense, but in the U.S.A. and many other countries selfdefense is considered a viable reason to own a firearm, and the shotgun is a popular choice. 33

Improvements

to the Combat Shotgun - Modifications

and Accessories Although those shotguns specifically designed for combat come from the manufacturer ready for military, police, or self-defense usage, there are a substantial number of modifications or accessories which can make the shotgun a more effective close combat weapon. In the U.S.A., there are, in fact, custom

gunsmiths who specialize in maximizing the combat shotgun. The Scattergun Technologies branch of Wilson Combat and ROBAR are two especially well respected specialists in such alterations. One common modification is the alteration or replacement of the shotgun’s stock. Among the options are folding stocks from Choate, Remington, Heckler

& Koch (FABARM), and Uncle Mike’s, the latter incorporating an efficient spare ammunition carrier. Both top-folding and side-folding stocks are available with the choice based primarily on user preference. Other popular replacement stocks are those available from Speed Feed. Speed Feed takes its name from its stocks which incorporate a quick-access carrying system for four additional rounds of ammunition, two rounds on each side, 34

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The button on the follower of the Remington 11-87P allows it to be operated more efficiently.

Side-saddle shell:carriers such as this one on ROBAR’s Elite Custom

combat shotgun allow fastee

reloads.

in spring-loaded carriers in the stock. Speed Feed also makes well-designed stocks incorporating pistol grips. One quite useful one for the Remington 870 incorporates both the pistol grip and the Speed Feed ammo carrier. As part of the stock, another important

addition is a good recoil pad. Not only can a thick recoil pad allow the weapon to be used with less sensitivity to recoil, but the recoil pad can also help properly position the shotgun against the shoulder since the stock’s length of pull is very important for proper positioning of the weapon

against the shoulder. In the case of military or police general issue weapons, the soldier or officer must just learn to use the weapon as is, but shotguns designed for military or police special ops units are often fitted to the shooter, much as a Holland & Holland double barrel shotgun 35

is fitted using a “try” gun. For military or police personnel who use their shotgun while wearing body armor, the thickness of the body armor must also be taken into consideration when establishing the proper pull. Note that Choate’s MK V stock incorporates spacers to allow adjustment of the pull. In addition to replacing stocks for ergonomics, military or police units may want polymer stocks for weapons which will be used in harsh climatic conditions or around water. In replacing the stock or fore-end with polymer, it is important to be sure that the fore-end is well ribbed to allow a sure grip, especially when wet. Another special fore-end from Shomer Tech, Surefire, or another manufacturer

incorporates a flash light or laser into the fore-end. To maximize the combat shotgun, many accessories are designed to increase the availability of ammunition. Extended magazine tubes such as those from Choate can increase capacity to 8+1 rounds, though special ammunition which will be discussed in a later chapter allows even more rounds to be carried in the magazine. The ready availability of additional rounds allows the tubular magazine to be constantly restocked without eroding tactical awareness or mobility. The Speed Feed stock, which grants four 36

additional rounds has already been mentioned. Extra ammo carriers which affix to the shotgun are another method to increase ammunition availability. The hard type which mounts on the receiver and carries spare ammunition,

case

head down for ease of reloading, is very popular on custom fighting shotguns. Far less expensive and easy to attach or remove are soft ammo carriers which slip over the stock. Still another way to carry additional ammunition is by affixing a sling which incorporates loops for spare ammunition. Assuming a magazine which carries 8 rounds, granting 8+1 with a loaded chamber, a slip-on butt carrier which holds five rounds, a “side saddle” carrier on the receiver which holds six rounds, one can have 20 ready rounds carried in and on the shotgun. Add a “bandolier” sling which carries between 10 and 20 rounds in loops and the availability of ammunition is increased even more. It should be noted, however, that most of those who are very experienced in teaching the tactical use of the shotgun do not favor the slings that carry ammunition. Instead, tactical slings of the type available from Scattergun Technologies, Eagle Industries, or other sources are considered more desirable. These slings are designed to allow the

shotgun to be carried ready for action, but retain it in a ready position across the chest in case it has to be released for performance of some other task such as climbing or opening a door or window. Since many special police or military units which use a fighting shotgun will employ stealth approaches for hostage rescue, raids, or ambushes,

it is important that a sling incorporate swivels which are quite. They may have to be taped to muffle noise. So that a sling may be quickly affixed or detached, QD (quick detachable) sling swivels are often deemed desirable. Many specially built combat shotguns, and some commercially available ones, incorporate a sling swivel which extends down an inch or more past the fore end in front. This not only gives a sturdy mounting point for the sling but prevents the hand from sliding forward in front of the muzzle during rapid operation of the pump shotgun. A front pistol grip is also available as an option for attachment to the fore end. This allows the slide action to be operated more quickly and also helps prevent the hand sliding in

front of the muzzle. Still another accessory for the pistol grip is a hand loop which may be affixed to keep the hand from sliding from the fore end. This option is often employed on very

15-yard pattern with a custom 20-gauge Remington 1100 with special choke. short-barreled shotguns used by police entry teams or undercover narcotics officers. Other accessories which make the combat shotgun more ergonomic are

frequently added. For example, an oversized safety which makes operation easier without shifting the shooting position of the hand enhances a combat shotgun’s effectiveness significantly. For

slide action shotguns, a longer slide release lever which may be reached with either hand readily is useful as well, though it must not be so long or so positioned that it will be hit inadvertently thus unlocking the shotgun’s action at a critical moment. On self-loading shotguns an extended cocking lever is useful since it allows the weapon to be cleared quickly should a case stick in the chamber. Many enhanced combat shotguns incorporate changes to the magazine follower. The use of a bright orange follower, for example, allows its user to quickly tell if it is unloaded with a glance. The addition of a nipple on the follower allows a quick determination of whether the magazine contains any ammunition by feel, either in low light or situations when it is not tactically sound to look away from a target. Among the most widely performed modifications on combat shotguns are the addition of more effective sighting systems or the incorporation of a choke better suited to the weapon’s tactical mission. The most basic sight alteration is replacing the basic front bead with a combination of a post front sight and a rifle rear sight. However, unless the

intent is to use the combat shotgun as a short-range “countersniper’ weapon by firing slugs, normally a front post with rear ghost ring is generally a more 37

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practical option as the ghost ring is quite quick for accurate placement of buckshot and may still be used reasonably well with slugs. Among the makers of effective ghost ring rear sights are Miniature Machine Company (MMC), Trijicon, and Scattergun Technologies. To make the ghost ring and post effective at night, it is normally advisable to install Tritium versions. There are also other open sight options, including the Fire Fly, a fast-acquisition front sight which incorporates a channel to align the eye with the front post and target. More sophisticated sights are now also widely used on shotguns. Laser sights from Laser Systems or Laser Products or quick acquisition optical sights such as the ProPoint or ACOG (advanced combat optical gunsight) Reflex are also widely installed, especially on those shotguns designed with a Picatinny rail. How effective the combat shotgun is at placing its charge on the target is a direct result of its choke. Various specialized chokes designed to tighten the pattern for maximum stopping power may either be installed or machined directly into the shotgun’s barrel. The “jug choke”, or Vang Choke, are two of the more popular types for the fighting shotgun. When a Vang Comp choke is installed, the bore of the barrel is precisely machined and gas ports are added to counter muzzle rise.

Tests have shown that normally the pattern of a load of no.00 buckshot fired from a shotgun with a Vang Comp system will be about half that fired from a combat shotgun with a standard open or cylinder bore. Another specialist in precision choking for the combat shotgun is The Shotgun Shop. Another option is a screw-in choke system which allows the fighting shotgun to be tailored to its mission. If slugs are to be fired, for example, then a cylinder bore or improved cylinder bore shotgun should normally be used. In fact, if slugs are used very often with screw-in systems having a tighter choke for buckshot, they may actually shoot the choke out of the shotgun. Among those firms offering very effective screw-in chokes are Briley and Pattern Master. One final modification which can be very important for the combat shotgun is finish. Although shotguns may be ordered with nickel finishes or a combination of matte nickel and stainless steel for greater durability, shotguns which will be used extensively in combat conditions may require even more durable finishes such as those available from ROBAR. ROBAR finishes include some which have stood up to years of use by combat swimmer units which frequently expose their shotguns to salt water. ROBAR also offers durable camouflage finishes. 39

Combat Shotgun Ammunition No matter how good the combat shotgun, for it to be truly effective it must have proper ammunition. Although in certain circumstances, other loads may be acceptable, normally the combat shotgun will be loaded with either buckshot or slugs. For the 12 gauge, the most common chambering for the fighting shotgun, a wide array of buckshot or slug loads is available. For example, shells loaded with no.000, no.00, no.0, no.1, or no.4 buckshot are available. As a practical matter, however,

no.00 or no.4 buckshot will be used far more often than any of the others, though Federal’s Tactical 000 buckshot load is extremely effective and, thus, has achieved some popularity. 000 Buckshot loads are primarily used in cylinder bored guns which perform best with larger shot. The power of loads may vary from the low recoil Federal Tactical buckshot load to very powerful magnum loadings which carry more powder and more shot. Actual statistics based on shootings by U.S. law enforcement agencies with

different 12 gauge buckshot loads show, however, that the heavier loads aren’t always the more deadly in combat. In fact, the highest rate of one-shot stops is 40

éBuckshot loads. for fighting shotguns are available with different powder charges, sizes of buckshot, and numbers of buckshot.

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96% by Federal’s Tactical no.00 buckshot load. The normal trade-off in deciding which combat buckshot load to choose is whether it is more desirable to have the greatest probably of hits at close range and less possibility of over-penetration, in which case the no.4 buckshot round may be the optimum choice, or whether it is more desirable to have better penetration, more stopping power, and greater range, in which case the no.00 buckshot round is

preferable. Based on the same statistics for one-shot stops, the best combat load

of no.4 buckshot used by law enforcement agencies only had an 83% one-shot stop record, as opposed to the 96% figure for Federal’s Tactical no.00 Buckshot. It should be noted, however,

that the wider pattern thrown by no.4 buckshot at close range will often cause personnel protecting defense installations to choose this round. Many urban law enforcement agencies also chose no.4

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buckshot because it is less likely to over penetrate in built up areas. On the other hand, at longer range, no.4 buckshot will have a much wider pattern than no.00 buckshot, thus reducing its killing or stopping power substantially. For antivehicular usage 31/2 inch Magnum Buckshot such as Federal’s 00 load is especially effective. A very specialized no.4 buckshot load was developed for the U.S. Navy SEALs. Intended to have a very low sound 41

It is important to pattern a combat shotgun with the ammunition to be used so that the shooter is aware of what to expect at different ranges. This illustrates a 10-yard pattern with Federal OO Tactical Buckshot from the SPS-12. 42

signature, this round was often known as

the “Silent Buckshot Round.” Because of its use by combat swimmers, this round was also developed to be waterproof. Slugs have even more stopping power than buckshot — 96% one-shot stops in U.S. police street shootings. Slugs are alse excellent for penetrating barriers such as automobile bodies or some - types of cover. Some of the most effective slugs in use today are specialized sabot slugs such as the BFS (Balle Fléche Sauvestre), a round developed by a French engineer who had worked on sabot anti-tank rounds, or the Polywad Quick Shok. Note that the

BFS load is often marketed as he “Sledgehammer” round for combat usage. The BFS offers outstanding penetration because is uses very hard slugs. The Quick Shok combines penetration with massive stopping power by using a pre-fragmented slug that breaks up when it hits flesh and becomes, in effect, a tight buckshot pattern. Both of these rounds use sabot technology to stabilize them as they exit the shotgun’s barrel and enhance accuracy. The most popular slug with U.S. law enforcement agencies is probably the Federal Hydra Shok, which is considered one of the most accurate

10-yard pattern with Federal OO Tactical Buckshot from the Benelli M1 Super 90.

slugs. Many experts, however, consider Brenneke slugs the best. For military use it was discovered very early that paper shotshells would swell making them unusable in trench, jungle, or other wet combat conditions. As a result, brass shotshells were developed for the U.S. armed forces during World War |. The U.S. Marines fighting in the Pacific during World War || rediscovered the need for brass shells, which were loaded for that 43

Quadrangle Bucksho loads were developed for use against vehicles © or electronics but are also quite effective in the anti-personnel role. The sharp edges are designed to slice up wiring, tubing, hoses, and other such equipment. 44

war and continued in use with the USMC through the early days of the Vietnam War. During the 1960s, however, durable plastic shotgun shells proved their ability to withstand the rigors of combat and have remained in use through the present. The Russians have also used brass combat shotgun shells. That does not mean, however, that other materials have not been used. Argentina, for example, has loaded military and law enforcement combat shotgun ammunition using aluminum shells. Some military and police shotgun ammunition is designed to be particularly lethal or to have enhanced penetration. Reportedly, some U.S. special operations units have even used shotgun ammunition which employs projectiles fabricated of depleted uranium to give enhanced penetration. Among other loads particularly popular with military special operations units are two from MK Ballistics Systems. The first, designated “Quadrangle Buckshot (QB),” uses eight pie-shaped projectiles - stacked in two circular layers. Each of these eight hardened steel wedges weights 41 grains and incorporates seven cutting edges which are devilishly effective against automobile windshields, bodies, or engine

compartments. Military special

operators employ the rounds against enemy electronic gear to chop up connections, wires, tubing, and other

components. Reportedly, an operator armed with an eight round shotgun can destroy a console area with each round as

he bursts into

a command

and

control center. QB rounds may also be used against aircraft, helicopters, or any other precision military equipment. In addition to its anti-material role, the QB8 round has proven devastating against human targets. As a companion to the QB load, the QB-Slug is also available from MK Ballistics Systems. The QB-Slug also incorporates eight wedges, but they are contained in a plastic sabot to deliver them against a vehicle’s engine compartment, where the eight slicing projectiles will separate and cut fuel lines, electrical lines, cooling hoses, radiators, computer control systems, and other components. Total weight of the sabot and the eight quadrangles is 363 grains. Considered most effective to 50 yards, the QB -Slug works quite well on roadblocks, against aircraft, and against boats. The QB-Slug may also be used effectively against personnel behind light cover. Other rounds which perform a similar penetrative and/or slicing function include cubical-shaped

buckshot which has low penetration but high tissue destruction or heavy destruction of electrical equipment in the anti-material role. The “Buck and Ball” load which employs a slug that breaks into three sections upon impact, backed by three buckshot, offers a combination of longer range, penetration, and tissue destruction. Other special purpose slugs are designed specifically for use against vehicles. MK Ballistics System’s Enhanced Penetration Slug, Reduced Recoil uses a 1 1/8-ounce projectile designed to punch through auto bodies or other barriers while retaining its shape. What makes this round

particularly appealing to law enforcement agencies is that it exhibits excellent performance while generating less recoil than most other slugs, thus making it easier to fire accurately. Other slugs designed for penetration against vehicles or barriers include the “Shooting Star” which drills through a windshield or vehicle body using its rotating points to operate much like a buzz saw. Another destructive load against hard targets is the “Block Buster (BB),” which employs a steel ball bearing. When

penetration is not desired, still

other special purpose slugs are available. MK Ballistic Systems offers a frangible slug which performs well but

The Tactical Entry Buckshot round is intended to give lower penetration for use in urban areas. It also allows more rounds to be carried in a tubular shotgun magazine.

breaks up on hard targets, while another round known as the “Dust Buster’ uses compressed lead to allow it to hit like a slug, then disperse into powder. Such rounds are desirable in situations where a hard slug might ricochet or over penetrate to harm innocents on the other side of a wall, door, bulkhead, etc.

Other specialized combat loads designed to increase lethality or penetration have seen some usage, including flechettes, steel chain, brass nuggets, steel tacks, and a combination

of BBs and lead balls among others. The flechette round has generated substantial interest among military users of the shotgun over the past four decades, particularly during the Vietnam War. USMC rounds employing flechettes were designated “Beehive” rounds and were designed to penetrate foliage well; however, in general, flechette rounds did not do sufficient tissue damage to generate the stopping power deemed acceptable in a combat shotgun. Flechettes did have a tendency to tumble once bone was hit, thereby increasing wounding potential somewhat. 46

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Flechettes also offered good penetration against military ballistic vests or helmets out to 500 yards. The combination of BBs and lead balls/ouckshot saw usage in the Malayan counter-insurgency where hit probability was increased at close range, although

the pattern tended to spread quickly at longer range. Another round which can be particularly nasty in the anti--personnel role is the Bolo which employs two buckshot joined by wire. When the first buckshot hits flesh, the second buckshot will swing into the target causing the wire to saw into tissue. Particularly among urban police entry teams, the need exists for a buckshot

round which retains it stopping power but which is less likely to penetrate apartment walls. As a result, ALS Technology offers the tactical entry buckshot round. Designed specifically for limited penetration in an urban environment, this load employs 27 no.4 buckshot which leave the muzzle at 1,100 feet per second. For comparison, no.4 buckshot from a standard 2 3/4 inch -load travels at 1,325 feet per second. ALS Technology offers a tactical entry slug as well, which travels at the same velocity. The tactical entry buckshot round has an added advantage since it is only 13/4 inches in overall length. As a result, more rounds may be stuffed into a

tubular shotgun magazine. For example, the military Mossberg 590 will hold 10 rounds of tactical entry buck. Aquila Ammunition also offers a shorter 11/2 inch combat shotgun load, but it will not function through many combat shotguns. Law enforcement agencies and military units which may have become involved in quelling urban unrest or with controlling recalcitrant prison inmates often use the shotgun to deliver what are generically known as

The Flexible Baton is one of the most widely used “less lethal” munitions.

“less lethal munitions.” The term “less lethal” is applied because shotgun rounds which deliver rubber batons or other loads intended to inflict a degree of pain, but not to seriously injure or kill, may still cause death in special circumstances. Because many less lethal munitions generate lower recoil 47

The Rubber Rocket is designed for use in riots or other crowd dispersal scenarios.

than standard shotgun ammunition,

they will normally only function reliably in pump action shotguns rather than self-loading models. Among the most popular of this type of munition used in crowd control, animal

control, or criminal/prisoner apprehension, is what MK Ballistics

Systems designates the Flex Baton.

‘Employing a 2-inch square fabric bag filled with lead shot, the Flex Baton 12 is available in three versions. The closerange version is designed for use between 10 and 50 feet and has a muzzle velocity of 239 feet per second. The standard-range version is designed for use between 30 and 100 feet and has a muzzle velocity of 300 feet per second. The third version is a pink dye-marking bag intended to identify leaders in a riotous crowd for later arrest. Although these rounds spread their force over a 4square-inch area, they still cause substantial trauma and bruising at closer ranges; hence, they are not intended for use at ranges less than the minimum distances cited. ALS Technologies also offers a line of “ballistic bag” munitions similar to the Flex Baton, as do other manufacturers. MK, ALS, and others also 48

hal Anit mal & Riot Contree Stabilized Rubber Projectile

offer a tail-stabilized ballistic bag round for greater accuracy. For more striking power against a rioting crowd, rounds loaded with rubber bullets, balls, or batons may be used.

Many references to “rubber bullets” used in Northern Ireland caused this type of round to achieve a certain degree of notoriety, but it is a very useful cartridge for quelling a dangerous crowd and certainly a better choice than firing conventional

Military flechette combat shotgun load.

rifle or pistol bullets, or

shotgun slugs or buckshot. Note that the term “baton”, which implies an impact weapon, as opposed to “bullet”, which implies a penetrating weapon, is a more popular designation for such rounds. One of the most widely used of these rounds is the Rubber Baton 2 (RB-2) from MK Ballistics Systems, which is loaded with two “cork-” or “plug-” shaped rubber projectiles, each weighing about 6 grams (1/5 ounce). As with the Flex Baton, two versions are offered — a low velocity round for use at 10-60 feet with a muzzle velocity of 300 feet per second and a standard velocity round for use at 30-150 feet with a muzzle velocity of 500 feet per second. For similar applications, ALS Technologies offers the Tri-Dent round which employs three .72 inch rubber balls. While the “rubber baton” loads work well for dispersing a crowd, at times it 49

is useful to target the leaders first. The fin-stabilized munitions are quite effective in this role. The ALS Technologies’ Rubber Fin Stabilized “Rocket” uses a 115-grain rubber projectile with a muzzle velocity of 550 feet per second and a muzzle energy of 92 foot pounds. Intended for use at 1075 feet, the Rubber Rocket is accurate

and very painful. MK Ballistics Systems offers their Rubber Fin Stabilized Baton with a 105 grain projectile at 450-500 feet per second muzzle velocity. MK claims that 12-18-inch 50-m groups are possible with the RB-1-FS. The finstabilized rubber batons are the most formidable of the rubber munitions and should only be deployed against violent prisoners or rioters. | The least aggressive of the rubber munitions are the rubber buckshot loads. MK Ballistics Systems produces their RB12 round loaded with 12 no.000 rubber

Rubber Buckshot are used for crowd dispersal with less chance of Serious Injury. 50

buckshot. Once again, both low-velocity loadings for use at 10-50 feet and standard velocity loadings for use at 15-60 feet are available. The ALS Technologies “Hornet's Next” is designed to perform the same mission. The advantage of rubber buckshot is that it can be used against crowds at closer range with less chance of serious injury than is likely with rubber batons. Rubber buckshot may also be used to drive off animals.

When “less lethal” munitions are issued to military or police personnel it is important that they are well trained in their usage. For example, the shotgunner must determine whether the crowd is hostile enough to merit direct fire with rubber munitions or if the crowd is less violent; hence, “skip

firing” may be better. “Skip firing” is the term used to indicate that the shooter aims at the street in front of the crowd of rioters, fighting prisoners, etc. and allows the rubber baton or buckshot to ricochet from the pavement or floor towards the crowd, thus robbing the

munitions of some of their velocity and some of their striking power. Skip firing may be used initially for warning shots to disperse a hostile crowd, then security personnel can escalate to direct fire with the less lethal rounds. It is very important in the heat of a civil disturbance or prison riot that personnel using less lethal munitions know immediately which rounds they are deploying. As a result, not only are the rounds clearly marked, but they

_ either employ clear plastic shotshells or color-coded rounds. MK Ballistics Systems, for example, uses the following colors to designate their less lethal munitions: fin-stabilized rubber baton — clear; flex baton (pink dye marking) — pink; rubber buckshot — red;

flex baton — clear. For carrying in SWAT vans or in prison arms rooms, special shotguns are sold with red/orange stocks so it is immediately apparent which ones are loaded with less lethal munitions. A variant of the less lethal munitions already discussed is a round designed to incapacitate fleeing felons. Among these are the ALS Technologies Bolo round designed to ensnare a fleeing suspect’s legs. The Bolo round incorporates three ./2 inch rubber balls joined by 12 feet of tough, virtually unbreakable cord. When fired at a muzzle velocity of about 400 feet per second, the balls are intended to spread the cord and wrap it round a suspect's legs. A type of specialty shotgun shell widely used by police or military hostage rescue or entry teams is what American police officers generically refer to as “Avon Calling.” Intended to blast locks or hinges off of a door to speed entry, such rounds are designed to not over penetrate or ricochet back at those waiting to carry out the entry. MK Ballistics Systems’ Master Key is one of the more widely used of this type of round. Composed of metal shot in a matrix and contained in a plastic carrier, the Master Key will completely remove a hinge or lock when used properly, yet will not penetrate the door

or blow back dangerous fragments. Even though designed to limit blowback, door-buster rounds still require those delivering them to wear goggles. The Master Key has a muzzle velocity of 1,560 feet per second and delivers 5,650 foot pounds of energy per square inch as it hurls its 30-gram (about 1 ounce) projectile against a lock or hinge. For best effect against locks, it is advised that the Maser Key should be fired at a 90° angle to the target, while for best effect against hinges, a 30° angle is considered optimum. Minimum range Is 3 inches. In the past, with many breaching rounds, it was

necessary to use a special standoff device affixed to the shotgun’s muzzle,

but this is not necessary with the Master Key. ALS Technologies also offers a breaching round, and Seeler Enterprises offers a door-breaker known as the Hatton which is widely used around the world by counter-terrorist units. Still another popular breaching round is the Shok-Lok from SPLLATM (specialpurpose low-lethality anti-terrorist munitions). Although primarily designed for use against locks or hinges, many of these rounds may also be used against vehicle doors. In situations, such as shipboard hostage rescue operations, where ricochet presents a danger, 51

breaching rounds have been used in the anti-personnel role. Among counter-terrorist units and police high risk warrant service teams, another special-purpose distraction munition is often deployed from the 12gauge shotgun. Generally known as “flash-bangs” or “stun grenades,” such rounds are designed to disorient suspects through loud noise and bright flash. MK Ballistic Systems offers one of the most popular of these rounds in the impact functioning distraction round. While in the bore of the shotgun, this round remains safe, but after traveling about 10 feet the impact fuse of this round arms itself. After that, impact will create a diversionary flash and sound. To allow this round to be fired accurately, it employs a stabilizer ribbon trailing behind the body of the round. Upon impact, the round generates 170 decibels of noise at two feet and over 1 million candlepower of flash. These rounds, it must be noted, should only be fired in shotguns with cylinder or improved cylinder bores. Other manufacturers also offer 12gauge distraction munitions, including some which are designed to penetrate a barrier prior to setting off the flash and bang. These rounds are designed for use against suspects behind a door or window. Distraction munitions are 52

also used in situations where it is necessary to move

animals; when

livestock escapes from a wrecked truck, for example. Although theoretically pyrotechnic shotgun rounds may be used for distraction, they are really very specialized munitions. Designed to deliver a tongue of flame and smoke out to 25 yards or further, these rounds are allegedly useful to create a flame barrier to halt a hostile crowd. Actually, however, they present a substantial fire hazard and may damage the shotgun. As a result “Dragon’s Breath” and other such pyrotechnic rounds have fairly limited tactical application. Carrying pyrotechnic rounds even further, Argentina has loaded incendiary slugs in the past. Shotgun shells designed to deliver explosive mini-grenades have also been loaded. More useful are 12-gauge chemical munitions, often referred to as “tear gas rounds.” The primary advantage of the 12-gauge chemical munition is precision delivery, though 12-gauge chemical rounds cannot deliver as much of the chemical agent as a 37mm or 40-mm gas round. Probably the best known 12-gauge chemical munitions are those from Defense Technology Corporation of America. Offered as either a liquid-filled or a

powder-filled barricade penetrating round, the “Ferret” is fin stabilized and may be fired accurately to 50 yards or more. Additionally, this round contains a marking dye as an aid in adjusting point of aim. The “Ferret” is designed to release the chemical agent upon impact. Tactically, these rounds generally work best if fired towards the ceiling of a room to allow the chemical cloud longer “hang time.” Among other manufacturers of 12-gauge chemical munitions are Seeler Enterprises with the R.I.P. and SPLLATM with its bursting tear gas round.

CATALOGUE

OF COMBAT

SHOTGUNS

Baikal Izh-81

SN 3q

The Baikal is a very basic combat shotgun with one highly desirable characteristic — a detachable box magazine. Russian combat shotguns such as the Baikal or the Saiga self_loader are normally equipped with detachable magazines, a feature which allows fast tactical reloads and also allows a quick change in type of shells (i.e. from buck to slug or from buck to less lethal). Another advantage of the detachable box magazine is that the

shotgun can have a 14-inch or shorter barrel without losing magazine capacity, one disadvantage of shortbarreled shotguns with tubular magazines. For the U.S market, the detachable box magazines are limited to a 5-round capacity; however, 7-round or larger magazines are available for some Russian shotguns. As with most Russian designs, the Baikal has a reputation for being quite sturdy, a factor in its favor as a combat shotgun.

Baikal Izh-81. (C&S Metall-Werkes) Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch

Length: 1,050 mm (41 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.40 kg (7.5 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

53

Benelli Nova SP (Special Purpose)

ACTIONS SLIDE

The Nova is Benelli’s innovative entry into the slide-action police and military field. The sporting model of the Nova was introduced in 1999 and immediately became quite successful. Unlike traditional police shotguns which 54

employ receivers of steel or aluminum, the Nova SP’s receiver and stock comprise a one-piece fiberglassreinforced thermopolymer unit using a rotating bolt that locks into the barrel in a manner more akin to a semi-auto

than a traditional slide action. As the bolt carrier moves backwards, the bolt rotates clockwise to unlock. The bolt rides upon a molded in-steel insert. To allow faster repeat shots a recoil reducer is incorporated into a hollowed-

|

Benelli Nova SP

SN 3a

while just forward of the safety is the slide release which incorporates a red dot to indicate when the weapon is cocked. At the center of fore-end on the underside is a magazine cut-off button,

which allows easy removal of the next round in the chamber without a round being pushed into the chamber from the magazine tube. The SP’s 3.5 inch chamber allows it to be used for such missions as stopping vehicles attempting to run checkpoints.

out portion of the stock. An internal safety prevents the Nova from being fired unless the action is locked. As is desirable with combat shotguns, the Nova incorporates twin action bars. Since these bars ride on the polymer

receiver, the Nova’s action is quite fast

and smooth when cycling. This shotgun also has a reputation for being highly reliable. The Nova’s crossbolt safety is located at the front of the triggerguard,

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3.5 inch Length: 1,015 mm (40 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 3.27 kg (7.2 lb) Sights: rifle or ghost ring Stock: Standard Magazine Capacity: 4+1 or 6+1 55

Centurion

Ordnance

Poseidon

MS (MicroShotgun)

‘comme eae

ACTIONS SLIDE

The Poseidon is an interesting combat shotgun designed specifically to take 12 gauge minishells, which are only 13/4 inch in length. For combat a buckshot load carrying a combination of no.1 and no.4 buck is available, as is a slug load. This shotgun will only function with these minishells, which is a disadvantage from

a logistical point of view. However, for specialized applications such as combat within urban dwellings where overpenetration is a danger, this shotgun can prove quite useful. The length of pull is only 13 inches which makes it easy to use while wearing body armor or for smaller shooters. Other features include 56

ioomanssanaaoniwiiisall

ey

a side-saddle shell carrier for 10 extra rounds and an optional laser sight. The low recoil of the minishell also allows quick repeat shots or employment by shooters who cannot normally handle the recoil of a full-sized 12 gauge. The Poseidon is manufactured in Turkey.

Centurion Ordnance Poseidon MS.

(Eduardo Belgrano)

Caliber: 12 gauge minishells Length: 933 mm (86.75 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in), 12- and 15-inch barrels also available Weight: 2.41 kg (5.3 Ib) Sights: open, adjustable rear and front post Stock: Fixed Magazine Capacity: 11+1 with 18.5 inch barrel

Charles Daly

charles Daly-

SN 3a

This Turkish-made combat shotgun is very reasonably priced and is quite. light in weight, both appealing features, especially for the civilian buying a weapon for self-defense. Additionally, the recoil pad is thick and the fore-end is well ribbed to allow a sure gasp. Add a positive crossbolt safety and smooth

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 965 mm (38 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 2.73 kg (6 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

Charles Daly. (C&S Metall-Werkes)

action, and the result is one of the better

values in slide-action combat shotguns.

57

FABARM

FPG

FABARM FP-6.

ACTIONS SLIDE

The FABARM has been a popular sporting shotgun in Europe for a century or more, but the firm’s combat 58

shotguns got their real impetus from Heckler & Koch which wanted a police shotgun to distribute in the U.S.A.

Among the features of the FP6 which make it quite appealing as a combat weapon are its interchangeable choke

SS

barrels are designed to tighten pattern and reduce recoil, both desirable

system that allows matching the choke to the intended load and mission of the shotgun. The FABARM’s TriBore

features in a fighting shotgun. The FP6 employs twin-action bars which enhance reliability. The extended forearm allows shooters with shorter arms to operate the weapon easily and also helps prevent “short-stroking” when firing it. The heat shield around the FP6’s barrel not only gives it a martial appearance but helps to dissipate heat when firing multiple rounds quickly. Standard finish is matte black, but the optional carbon fiber finish is durable. The tough finishes combined with the sturdy polymer stock make the FP6 a shotgun capable of standing up to military and police employment. One of the most useful features of the FP6 is the Picatinny rail (not available on the carbon fiber model) which allows easy attachment of various optical sighting devices including reflex sights, red dot sights, and others. Additional Picatinny rails may be mounted on the forearm to carry a laser or flashlight. In combination, virtually any high-tech sighting device desired may be installed on the FP6.

Caliber: 12 gauge 3 inch Length: Entry Model — 895 mm (35.25in), Standard Model — 1,048 mm (41.25 in); Standard with Stock Folded — 686 mm (27 in); Barrel: Standard — 508 mm (20 in), Entry — 356 mm (14 in) Weight: 3 kg (6.6 Ib) Sights: Flip-up front, rear notch and Picatinny rail on standard models; blade on Carbon Fiber model Stock: fixed or folding Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 7+1

SN J

59

FN Police FN Police:

ACTIONS SLIDE

The FN Police Shotgun reflects the acquisition of U.S. Repeating Arms by FN, as it is based on the Winchester Model 1300, with, however, some distinct

improvements. The FN Police’s rotary bolt system allows a very sound lock-up but also enhances rapid follow-up shots 60

as inertia actually starts the action to the rear after a shot. The shotgun allows easy interchangeability of chokes and comes with both improved cylinder and modified choke tubes. One of the most useful features of the FN Police is that its stock has a length of pull of 13 1/2 inches,

which is slightly less than many other combat shotguns and which allows comfortable use of the shotgun by a police officer or soldier wearing body armor. The shorter pull is also a boon to smaller individuals. To allow easy installation of optical

SN 3qG

- sighting devices, the top strap of the FN Police is drilled and tapped for an accessory rail or optical sight mount. For duty usage the combination of black synthetic stock and corrosion-resistant manganese phosphate finish are also quite desirable.

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 984 mm (38.75 in) with 18-inch barrel Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) or 356 mm (14 in)

Weight: 2.94 kg (6.5 Ib) Sights: rifle Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 4+1 or 7+1

61

Franchi

SAS-12

ACTIONS SLIDE

©

The SAS-12 is much less well known than Franchi’s SPAS-12 or LAW-12 but is actually an excellent combat shotgun. Though a bit long, its light weight makes it very handy and well balanced, which combined with its ergonomic pistol grip makes it a joy to shoot. Interchangeable chokes allow the gun to be adjusted for the optimum load; however, it would benefit from better sights, perhaps a ghost ring. The two primary controls are

well located at the front of the triggerguard for ease of operation with the trigger finger. The crossbolt safety employs a large, easily operated button, 62

while the slide release lever is well positioned to the left of the triggerguard. The rear sling swivel is located atop the receiver in the same position used on the LAW-12. This is theoretically a good position to allow the weapon to be slung for “assault carry” however, it also

positions the sling so it gets in the way when operating the shotgun.

Franchi SAS-12.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,041 mm (41 in) Barrel: 533 mm (21 in) Weight: 2.95 kg (6.5 Ib) Sights: bead on a ramp Stock: fixed with pistol grip Magazine Capacity 8+1

High Standard Model 8113

SN 3qd

Although High Standard discontinued its

for the Security Police, the two finalists

slide-action combat line in 1975, these

were the High Standard and the Remington 870, with the later finally winning the contract.

shotguns were so popular with law enforcement agencies that a substantial number remain in service. Based on the well-tried Flite King action, High Standard

combat shotguns had two major selling points for law enforcement agencies ‘during the 1960s: the 18-inch barrel allowed this weapon to be carried in cruisers more easily and deployed more quickly, and it was considered an especially durable design which held up to years of police service. During U.S. Air Force trials to adopt a combat shotgun

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 959 mm (37.75 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 3.2 kg (7.1 Ib) Sights: rifle or bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 6+1

63

Ithaca Model 37DS

Police Special

ACTIONS SLIDE

Ithaca Model 37DS Police Special.

The Ithaca Model 37 has proven a popular combat shotgun, at least partially because the Model 37’s disconnect system allows the trigger to be held back while the action is cycled,

thus allowing it to be fired very rapidly. The Ithaca also developed a reputation for being particularly accurate with slugs; hence, agencies that wanted a 64

shotgun that could be used well with either buckshot or slugs often adopted the Model 37. The Model 37 ejects its empty shells downward, a factor which allows it to be used equally well by right- or left-handed shooters but which can cause malfunctions when shooting over barricades. The Model 37 has seen extensive

service in the U.S. armed forces being purchased for service in World War II and Vietnam. Later versions of the Model 37 utilize a polymer stock and fore-end, and nickeled models have been produced for police with maritime duties or for yacht security usage. Short versions of the Model 37 in 20 gauge and with a pistol grip have been

SN 3qI

popular as a hide-out shotgun with detectives. Unlike many combat shotguns which were available with cylinder bore, the

Ithaca 37 was often sold with a full or a modified choke as recommended by the factory.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,001 mm (39.4 in) with 20.1-inch barrel Barrel 511 mm (20.1 in) or 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 3 kg (6.7 Ib) Sights: rifle or bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 8+1 65

Mossberg

590

Mossberg 590.

ACTIONS SLIDE

The 590 is the version of the Mossberg adopted by the U.S. armed forces and incorporates a ventilated hand guard with bayonet lug, sling swivels, and parkerized finish. Other combat versions of the 500 series are offered without the ventilated hand guard and with Marinecote for maritime usage. A version which has achieved substantial success with police 66

departments is a double-action-only model which lowers the chances of accidental discharges. Another feature often lauded by combat shotgun aficionados on the Mossberg 500 series is the safety mounted atop the receiver rather than behind or in front of the triggerguard as with many other combat shotguns. One factor which is a given with the

Mossberg line of fighting shotguns is durability, since they passed rigorous U.S. military testing. The sturdy dual action bars, tough polymer stock, and parkerized

finish all assure long service in rugged conditions. For smaller police officers, the

590 is available in the “Bantam” version which has only a 13-inch length of pull. Combat shotgun instructors normally like

SN 3G

the Mossberg, too, because of its skeletonized follower, which allows quick clearing of malfunctions. Additionally, when the action is closed, the carrier remains in the up position, which keeps it clear of the shooter’s fingers and makes it easier to do a switch-to-slug drill. On 14-inch barreled versions of the 590,

a safety strap. is incorporated onto the fore-

end to keep the hand from sliding in front of the barrel during rapid cycling of the action. Overall, the Mossberg 500 series is

designed to give safe, durable service in the military or police environment. Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 1,016 mm (40 in with 20-inch barrel)

Barrel: 508 mm (20 in), 470 mm (18.5 in),

or 356 mm (14 in) Weight: 3.30 kg (7.25 Ib) Sights: bead, ghost ring, or laser mounted in fore-end Stock: fixed synthetic, speed-feed to carry four extra rounds available, pistol grip also available Magazine Capacity: 8+1 with 20-inch barrel 67

Mossberg

Model 500 HS (Home Security)

ACTIONS SLIDE

Mossberg 500 HS.

The HS was specifically designed as a home defense shotgun for those who are normally not interested in firearms. Its .410 chambering is designed to keep recoil low and to limit penetration in an urban environment. The combination of pistol grip and pistol grip fore-end allow it to be cycled quickly and more easily than with a

for home defense. To make it more

standard fore-end, while the short

Caliber: 410 gauge Length: 711 mm (28 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 2.4 kg (5.3 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: pistol grip with pistol grip fore-end Magazine Capacity: 5+1

overall length makes it easy to maneuver in tight spaces (like while moving down a hallway). The design also makes this a harder weapon for a home invader to snatch away from its user. Nevertheless,

the version of the

HS with a full fixed stock is much easier to shoot and is a better choice 68

effective in close quarters, as across a

bedroom, it incorporates a spreader choke to throw a wider pattern at close range. Standard Mossberg fighting shotgun features such as the dual action bar and tang safety are incorporated.

Norinco Model

97

cm

SN 3q0

Norinco Model 97. (C&S Metall-Werkes)

This Chinese copy of the Winchester Model 97 Riot Gun was developed ~ primarily for US cowboy shooters who compete with vintage weapons; however, it remains a highly useful combat shotgun, especially for those who would like a new example of the venerable 97 Winchester. Parts do not interchange with the Winchester, but the Norinco is very

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 946 mm (37.25 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.18 kg (7 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

similar. Its action is very smooth, but the

stock is so slick that many who have ‘tested it find there is a tendency for the hand to ride up and get “bit” by the exposed bolt when firing the shotgun rapidly. Most other comments about the Winchester 97 apply to this model.

Norinco does not, however, offer a takedown version. 69

Norinco

Model

98

ACTIONS SLIDE

As with many Norinco products, the Model 98 is designed to offer a reliable weapon at a very reasonable price. The 98 bears a striking resemblance to the Remington Model 870 and, in fact, incorporates dual-action bars and detachable trigger assembly similar to those employed in the 870. The combination of matte black finish and black synthetic stock offers durability and gives the weapon the business-like appearance which adds to the deterrent effect of the combat shotgun.

70

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 1,003 mm (89.5 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 3.40 kg (7.5 Ib) Sights: ghost ring rear with blade front Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

Remington

Model

17R

SN 3dI

_ Remington Model 17R. =

The Model 17R (R for Riot) was one of the first 20-gauge combat shotguns when it was marketed just after World War |. In full-sized configuration it did not sel! well, but a cut-down version with 15.1-inch barrel and pistol grip became popular with many detectives. This version was marketed as the ’ Model 17R Special Police. Designed to be fired from the hip after withdrawal from beneath a coat, major purchasers of the Model 17SP were the New York City and St. Louis Police Departments. The SP is often referred to asa “Whippit Gun” since its users could

quickly whip it out and fire. Some detectives liked the shorter barrel but

did not like the pistol grip so versions with the fixed stock and shorter barrel will be encountered. This version was a forerunner of the full stocked 14-inch combat shotguns used by many law enforcement agencies today.

Caliber: 20 gauge Length: 991 mm (39 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 2.4 kg (5.25lb) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 4+1

71

Remington

870

ACTIONS SLIDE

Remington 870.

The Remington 870 is the benchmark by which all other combat shotguns are measured. It is the most widely used military and police shotgun in the world and, therefore, has been customized

more than any other combat shotgun. Much of the 870’s reputation rests on its extremely smooth action and proven 72

durability. The 870 has received extensive testing over the last half century for U.S. military adoption, with the USAF, USMC and U.S. Navy adopting it at various times. During the Vietnam War Model 870s were altered to take a box magazine in an attempt to create a combat shotgun capable of

greater sustained firepower. Although other slide action shotguns have been marketed with this feature, the 870 has

retained its tubular magazine. Most military and police users are taught to maximize the firepower by reloading the 870, or any other shotgun, whenever there is a lull in a firefight, thus

SN 3q0

constantly topping off the magazine. Among the specialized versions of the 870 are tnose with electroless nickel plating for maritime usage and a “Tower Gun” with a 28-inch barrel designed for use by prison guards who might need greater range when firing from a guard tower. For home defense,

the Remington 870 Express Home Defense is a basic combat shotgun with synthetic stock and matte finish. Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 978 mm (38.5 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in), 14-inch and 20-inch barrels also available

Weight: 340 kg (7.5 Ib) Sights: ghost ring, rifle, or bead Stock: fixed, speed-feed, folding, or

pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 5+1, 7+1, or 8+1

73

ROBAR

Elite Remington

870

ACTIONS SLIDE

ROBAR “Elite” Remington 870.

ROBAR’s Elite Model of the Remington 870 is designed to offer the ultimate combat slide-action shotgun. Among the custom operations performed are the installation of a Robar choke to tighten the pattern with buckshot, action and trigger jobs for reliability and smoothness, addition of a side-saddle shell holder, addition of a ghost ring sight, addition of a Choate shell

follower, application of Robar non-slip

74

texture to pistol grip and fore-end, installation of sling swivels, addition of

Roguard NP3 metal finish and Polymax black stock finish. The resulting shotgun is durable, reliable, and accurate.

Unlike many

factory combat shotguns which are really just sporting shotguns with short cylinder bore barrels, the ROBAR Elite is purpose-designed for close combat.

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 940 mm (387 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in)

Weight: 3.5 kg (7.6 Ib) Sights: ghost ring Stock: fixed with Pachmayr decelerator recoil pad Magazine Capacity: 7+1

Scattergun Technologies Border Patrol Model Remington 870

SNO 3qI

Scattergun Technologies (a branch of Wilson Combat) offers a variety of custom conversions of the Remington 870 and Remington 11-87P designed to make them even more effective combat arms. The Border Patrol Model is a rather basic model which includes a Trak-Lok ghost ring rear sight and ramp front sight with Tritium insert, extended magazine tube, synthetic buttstock and fore-end, high visibility non-binding follower, heavy-duty stainless steel magazine spring, oversized Jumbo

Head safety, sling swivels, tactical sling, and parkerized finish. In addition to the 18-inch barreled model, it is available with a 14-inch barrel. Other variations of the Scattergun Technologies 870 include side-saddle shell carrier and tactical fore grip with light. Along with the ROBAR version of the 870, these weapons from Scattergun Technologies are considered the ultimate fighting shotguns by many knowledgeable combat shotgun instructors.

Scattergun Technologies Entry Model.

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 953 mm (37.5 in) Barrel: 18 in Weight: 3.64 kg (8 Ib) Sights: Trak-Lok ghost ring Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 7+1

19

Smith

& Wesson

Model

3000

Smith & Wesson Model 3000.

ACTIONS SLIDE

For many years Smith & Wesson offered combat shotguns to compliment their line of police handguns, handcuffs, and other supplies. These were serviceable weapons which were well thought of by those who used them. The folding stock model illustrated was preferred by most who used it to the folding stock Remington 870 because the Choate side folder use by Smith & Wesson incorporated a comfortable recoil pad and had less rattle when folded. The parkerized finish on Smith & Wesson riot guns also helped them stand up to the rigors of patrol car service. 76

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 991 mm (39 in) with folding stock extended Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 3.35 kg (7.375 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: folding with pistol grip or fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

Stevens

Model

520

SN 3CI

Stevens 520. (Jim Wolf)

Stevens had shotguns as widely used Wells Fargo marshals.

a long history of fighting their double barrels were in the American West by and various sheriffs or

During World War I, the

need for trench guns was the impetus for Stevens to develop a military version of their Model 520, but the war

ended before mass production began. Although the 520 had been superseded by the Model 620 between the wars, a substantial number of 520s saw service during World War II and again in Vietnam where they established a reputation for durability. A number of Stevens 620s were also acquired for U.S. armed forces, but not in the

a receiver molded from a solid steel forging and a forearm fitted to a metal liner makes the 520 a very sturdy design. Still other examples of the basic 520 design saw combat when the government acquired Western Field shotguns, which were manufactured as copies of the 520 and 620 by SavageStevens, during World War Il. Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 991 mm (89 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.6 kg (8 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

quantity of the 520. The combination of 77

Stevens

Model

620

SLIDE ACTIONS

The 620 was introduced in 1927 as an improved version of the Model 520. The differences are immediately apparent because of the 620’s rounded receiver. It was designed to compete with the Winchester Model 12. A total of around 12,000 Model 620s were acquired during World War Il, but only a portion were Tench models with handguard and bayonet lug. Some riot models were also acquired as were some long-barreled guns for training aerial gunners. Trench Model 620s are among the rarest of U.S. military shotguns.

78

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 984 mm (38.75 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in)

Weight: 3.64 kg (8 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

Stevens 620. (Jim Wolf)

TOZ-194

SNO 3qCI

TOZ-194.

The TOZ-194 is probably the most conventional of the Russian fighting shotguns, being similar to Western combat slide actions. The barrel length is slightly longer than most equivalent European or American designs, perhaps one reason the Russians seem to prefer it with either the pistol grip or the folding stock. Reportedly, it is very durable and reliable, generally characteristics required of Russian small arms.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 805 mm (81.7 in) with pistol grip Barrel: 540 mm (21.25 in) Weight: 2.9 kg (6.4 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed, folding, or pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 7+1

79

TsNIl-Tochmash

KS-23

ACTIONS SLIDE

KS-28 “Special Carbine” with Pistol Grip. (Propenker Maxim)

This Russian combat shotgun, which is reportedly used by Military Spetsnaz and Ministry of the Interior OMAH units, is conceded to be the most 80

powerful fighting shotgun in the world. The “KS” designation stands for Karabin Spetsrsainy, roughly, “special carbine”. The 23-mm barrel is actually

fabricated from rejected aircraft cannon barrels, and in military versions is rifled. The civilian version, which is smooth-bored, is designated

also produced. The KS-23 reportedly has horrendous

recoil, and the pistol-

gripped KS-23M should be even harder to handle. Grenade launchers are also available for this weapon. Some reports indicate that in addition to the version with a tubular magazine, examples with box magazines have also been produced. Since many Russian combat shotguns do use box magazines, this is quite likely.

SN 3qd

Caliber: 6 gauge Length: 1,040 mm (41 in) Barrel: 500 mm (19.6 in) Weight: 3.85 kg (8.5 Ib) Sights: rear notch, front blade

Stock: fixed or pistol grip/folding Magazine Capacity: 3+1

the Selezen. This massive weapon is designed for firing buckshot, tear gas, rubber bullet (less lethal), and antivehicular rounds. The anti-vehicular

rounds are actually saboted slugs. Originally, the KS-23 was produced with a wooden stock, but a foldingstock version with pistol grip is now 81

Tula eo

KBKee RM-96

ACTIONS SLIDE

RM-96. (Propenker Maxim)

82

The Rm-96, which may also be encountered with the RM-93 or RM-94 designation, incorporates some ' features markedly different from other slide-action combat shotguns. First, the tubular magazine it located above the barrel rather than below it. Second, the pump action is operated by pushing forward to eject a spent case and

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 920 mm (36.2 in) with stock extended Barrel: 542 mm (21.3 in) Weight: 2.5 kg (5.5 Ib)

SN 3dC

Sights: rear notch, front blade

Stock: folding Magazine Capacity: 7+1

rearward to chamber a round, exactly

the opposite of most other designs, except for the South African Neostead. By eliminating the need for a conventional bolt system, the RM-96 increases reliability of chambering and extraction substantially. The fact the RM-96 ejects spent shells downward is a plus for shooting with either hand. The RM-96 incorporates a doubleaction-only trigger which precludes the need for an additional external safety. Reportedly, various barrel lengths and finishes are available, including stainless steel, perhaps for use by Naval Spetsnaz. Chokes may also be readily replaced.

83

Valtro

ACTIONS SLIDE

Valtro.

The Valtro is one of the best of the Italian slide-action combat shotguns as it has many very desirable features. Its 7-round box magazine offers a 84

capacity equal to most tubular magazines yet allows rapid change for reloading or switching ammo. The detachable box magazine also allows

the Valtro’s barrel to be shortened substantially while retaining full capacity. A 14-inch barreled version used by a detective the author knows,

a

interchangeable choke system allows the Valtro to be tailored for a specific load. The Valtro’s sling swivels are also well mounted on the side to allow the weapon to be slung over the shoulder without the swivels and/or sling getting in the way while operating the shotgun.

SN 3q

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,035 mm (40.75 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.52 kg (7.75 Ib) Sights: front post Stock: fixed with pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 7 round box magazine +1

for example, is a very handy and fasthandling shotgun that retains a lot of firepower. The pistol grip stock is comfortable and allows good control of

the weapon during rapid fire and also allows it to be handled well with one hand, though it will not normally be

firedin this manner. The 85

Winchester

97

SLIDE ACTIONS

- Winchester Model 97 Riot Gun.

Although the Burgess Police shotgun and the Model 1893 Winchester slide actions preceded it, the Model 1897 Winchester was the first slide-action fighting shotgun to achieve wide acceptance. Until 1921, only fixed-barrel versions of the Model 97 Riot were offered, but in that year a takedown Riot model was also offered. When the take-down model was separated into its two primary components — receiver/butt and barrel/forearm — it could be concealed quite easily in a coat, although it did take some time to get it assembled and ready for action. The Model 97’s exposed hammer appealed to many of its users who had learned to shoot on exposed-hammer double-barrel shotguns. However, the 86

hammer could also snag or become cocked inadvertently if dragged across a surface or caught on clothing. The only safety on the Model 97 was the hammer’s half cock; hence, the safest way to carry it was with the hammer down on an empty chamber. If combat appeared imminent, a round could be quickly chambered by shoving forward on the fare-end to unlock the action slide lock, then pulling it to the rear to

chamber a round and cock the hammer. When the Model 97 was fired, the recoil inertia automatically unlocked the bolt. One of the great appeals of the Model 97 as a combat arm was that it did not incorporate a trigger disconnect, which allowed a user to hold back the trigger

and empty the magazine as fast as the slide could be operated. The 97 also established an enviable reputation for durability, one which kept it in service with many law enforcement agencies for a half century. As adopted for the U.S. armed forces

would become so closely associated with U.S. military shotguns for decades. The Model 97 Trench Gun developed a fearsome reputation as a “trench broom” and was highly coveted by U.S. troops in both World Wars.

in World War |, the Model 1917 Trench

the most popular law enforcement shotgun until World War II serving with the Texas Rangers, U.S. Border Patrol, and thousands of other agencies.

Gun version of the Model 97 incorporated the ventilated hand guard with bayonet lug and lanyard ring, which

In riot format, the Model 97 remained

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 997 mm (39.25 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in), 21 inches in takedown version Weight: 3.6 kg (8 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

3G SN

68B-Winchester Model 97 Trench Gun. (Jim Wolf)

87

Winchester

Model

12

ACTIONS SLIDE

The official military nomenclature for the Model 12 Trench Gun was “Winchester, shotgun, 12 gauge, model 12, riot type, with bayonet attachment and metal handguard.” Although they remained in production simultaneously for almost a quarter century, the Model 12 was intended to be an improvement on the Model 97. One of the most 88

important of these improvements was the elimination of the exposed bolt and hammer on the Model 12. The Model 12’s receiver was machined from a solid steel forging which made it very sturdy, but also labor-intensive to

produce. To release the slide lock on the Model 12, a stud protruding from the trigger assembly frame could be

depressed. One feature of the Model 97 retained by the Model 12 was the lack of a trigger disconnect which allowed the trigger to be held back so that the Model 12 could be fired continuously by simply operating the slide action. Although Model 12 Trench Guns were only produced for World War | (in

NR

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,003 mm (39.5 in) Barrel: 508 mm ( 20 in) Weight: 3.86 kg (8.5 Ib) in Trench Gun Guise, 3.3 kg (7.25 Ib) in riot gun format Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

SN 3d!

Winchester Model 12 Trench Gun. (Jim Wolf)

very limited numbers) and World War II service, Model 12 Riot Guns were - produced until 1963, and many remain in service today with smaller law enforcement agencies. The U.S. Marines, particularly, liked the Model 12 Trench Guns and continued to use them in the Vietnam War. In fact, although the Model 97 may be the

most recognizable of U.S. Trench Guns, the Model

12 may well be the

most popular military shotgun ever issued to U.S. armed forces.

89

Winchester

1200

SLIDE ACTIONS

Because production costs on the Model 12 continued to rise, the Model 1200 was designed as a more economical slide action. Its aluminum receiver was not only far less costly to produce, but it lowered the overall weight of the shotgun. The 1200’s rotary bolt system was also extremely 90

sturdy. To allow easy maintenance, all internal parts except the bolt were contained in the trigger assembly. Although law enforcement agencies liked the 1200’s lighter weight and thick recoil pad, many advocates of the combat shotgun did not like the inclusion of a trigger disconnect on the

1200-which prevented it being used in the most rapid manner possible by holding the trigger back and operating the pump action, as was the case with the Model 97 or Model 12. Many combat shotgunners prefer the location of the Model 1200’s crossbolt safety at the front of the triggerguard to the

Nene

ee

significant sales to law enforcement agencies, and some

examples were

acquired by National Guard units during the civil unrest of the 1960s and 1970s and equipped with military-style handguards and bayonet lugs. A model with a stainless steel barrel was produced for maritime police units or naval usage.

SN AC

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 983 mm (38.7 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 2.9 kg (6.5 Ib) Sights: bead or rifle Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 7+1

Winchester Model 1200.

position at the rear of the triggerguard - used on some other shotguns. In 1965, Winchester instituted a research and development program to produce a box-fed version of the Model 1200 for military service. Three prototypes were produced using an M14 style magazine release lever and 7-

and 8- round magazines similar in appearance to the M-14 magazine, but, despite some interest from the USMC, this version never went into production, at least partially because the aluminum receiver did not stand up to military durability standards. The Model 1200 Riot Gun did achieve 91

Winchester

Model

1300

ACTIONS SLIDE

92

The Model 1300 is basically an

marketing campaign to civilians wanting

geared to the civilian market — though it

improved version of the 1200. A variety of options and some popular features have allowed the 1300 to compete with Remington and Mossberg for the U.S.

a defensive shotgun. The Stainless Marine model with synthetic stock is not only offered for the maritime law enforcement market, but also for yacht

police market, though Winchester has

owners who may travel in areas where

aimed a substantial portion of its

boat hijackings occur. Another model

has some appeal for law enforcement agencies — is the Camp Defender model, which has a 22-inch barrel, interchangeable chokes, and rifle sights. At least some law enforcement agencies have purchased this model for

SNO 3qI

Winchester Model 1300 Marine Model.

“use as a slug gun for short-range counter-sniper employment. Also of note are the Truglo sights available on some models. This fiber-optic frontsight insert gathers light and allows faster acquisition of the target than a standard bead.

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch, or 20 gauge Length: 1,003 mm (39.5 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 2.9 kg (6.375 Ib) Sights: bead, rifle, or Truglo Stock: fixed or pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 6+1 or 7+1 93

Benelli

M1

Tactical

Benelli M1 Entry Model. SELF-LOADERS

The Benelli has been called the Mercedes Benz of combat shotguns because of its sleek design and high performance. However, like the Mercedes Benz, the Benelli is not the combat shotgun for everyone. The M1 uses an inertia recoil system which 94

incorporates a heavy bolt body anda separate rotating bolt as well as a stiff inertia spring between the two components. This causes the entire gun, rather than just the bolt, to recoil rearwards upon firing. As a result, some shooters find the Benelli’s recoil

more noticeable than with gasoperated shotguns. In actuality, the Benelli’s recoil just comes more quickly and is more concentrated. On the positive side, the action is very quick, allowing extremely fast follow-up shots. In fact, skilled users of a Benelli can

As a result, the Benelli is much more likely to be encountered with special police or military units who receive a higher degree of training and whose missions make the Benelli’s fast engagement capability desirable. The Benelli’s pistol grip is also advantageous for special operations, since it allows the weapon to be readily handled with one hand while the other is engaged with climbing, opening doors, and so on. To enhance

Sy

the M1’s

night fighting capability, Tritium inserts are available for the ghost ring sights. Caliber: 12 gauge; 3 inch Length: 1,010 mm (39.75 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) standard, 356 mm (14 in) in Entry Version Weight: 3.18 kg (7 lb) Sights: ghost ring or rifle Stock: fixed, pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 6+1

‘fire it so quickly that every empty shell will be in the air simultaneously. This system also makes the Mi less ammosensitive than some other self-loading designs. Another disadvantage of the Benelli for general police or military issuance is the cartridge drop lever

which must be operated to feed a round from the magazine. Unlike most gas-operated fighting shotguns with which a round may be chambered by just racking the bolt and releasing it, additional steps are required with the Benelli. 95

Benelli M4 JSCS (Joint Services Combat Shotgun)

SELF-LOADERS

Selected as the new U.S. military combat shotgun in 1999, 20,000 M4s will eventually be acquired for the U.S. armed forces. One major difference from the Benelli M1 is the use of the auto regulating gas operated design for the M4. Although the M4 uses a 96

rotating bolt head and a bolt body similar to those of the M1, it incorporates two gas cylinders containing two self-cleaning gas pistons on the underside of the barrel. The use of the gas operating system not only allows heavier optical sighting

devices, including night vision systems, to be used on the M4 but also allows the use of a collapsible stock. The M4 passed rigorous military testing, including a 10,000 round reliability test, a corrosion resistance test, and a drop test. As a result, the M4 is very

SSS

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 1,010 mm (39.75 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 3.82 kg (8.4 Ib)

SY

Sights: ghost ring Stock: collapsible with pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 6+1

Benelli M4 JSCS.

‘durable. Another highly desirable feature of the M4 is the Picatinny rail atop the receiver, which allows a wide variety of optical sights to be quickly mounted or dismounted. Although less lethal munitions that generate insufficient recoil to operate a self-

loader’s action are not normally considered suitable for this type of shotgun, the M4 specifically incorporates an oversized bolt handle to allow such rounds to be chambered

and extracted manually with ease. 97

Beretta

1200/1201FP

Beretta 1200.

SELF-LOADERS

The 1201 has achieved relatively wide acceptance in law enforcement circles, many agencies adopting this shotgun along with the Beretta 92 pistol. There are some very appealing features of the 1201, including Tritium night sights and spacers which allow the length of pull to be adjusted to fit individual 98

users. The 1201 is also one of the lighter combat shotguns, yet it has proven quite durable in police service. As is the Benelli M1, the 1201 is recoil-operated, and, as with the

Benelli, the carrier release button must be operated to allow a round to move from the magazine to the carrier

before it can be chambered by operating the bolt. The positive side of this system is that it allows the type of ammunition to be changed quickly (i.e. buck to slug), but it adds one more

operation if a shotgun is carried ina police cruiser with a loaded magazine but empty chamber, normally the

Sad

preferred method. One real advantage _of the 1201 is its lightness, which allows it to be fired with one hand during “wounded officer drills.”

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 914 mm (36 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 2.86 kg (6.3 Ib) Sights: rifle or ghost ring

Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 6+1

99

FABARM

SELF-LOADERS

100

Fast 20

The self-loading FABARM, the Fast 20, employs a gas operating system, but as with many Italian self-loading - shotguns retains a loading drill which does not allow the shell to be chambered simply by operating the bolt. On the positive side, the free

shell carrier does allow a rapid “switch-to-slug” drill when needed. The TriBore rifling system already discussed under the FABARM FP-6 both reduces recoil and tightens shot pattern. Since there is no recoil system in the buttstock, it is possible to equip the Fast 20 with a folding stock, which allows for storage in a patrol car, helicopter, or boat more

readily. Recoil on the Fast 20 is channeled straight back and is very comfortabie compared to many other combat shotguns. The cocking handle and safety are both oversized to allow ease of operation, or ejection of a

shell stuck in the chamber in the case of the cocking handle. A red magazine follower makes it easy to give a quick visual check whether the magazine is empty, a plus for a law enforcement or military weapon which will normally be unloaded when coming off duty. The combination of the Picatinny Rail and interchangeable chokes allow the Fast 20 to be readily configured for Various uses.

Su3

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch

Length: 1,048 mm (41.25 in) with fixed stock, 787 mm (31 in) with folded stock folded Barrel: 508 mm (20 in), 14-inch barrel available on “Fast 14” model Weight: 3 kg (6.6 Ib)

Sights: Picatinny Rail with built-in rear open sight and flip-up front sight Stock: fixed or folding Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 7+1

101

FN/Browning

SELF-LOADERS

The specifications given for the Browning self-loading combat shotguns are those closest to the models used in the counter-insurgency campaigns in

Malaya, Kenya, and Rhodesia where the fast-firing Browning autoloader was widely used by military, police, and colonists. Although the 28-inch barrel is much longer than is normally 102

considered desirable for a fighting shotgun, at the time Browning did not offer a “riot gun” length barrel, although some shotgunners had barrels trimmed to 18 or 20 inches or even shorter. Later, FN did produce version of their auto-loading shotgun with 20-, 22-, or 24-inch barrels for the

law enforcement market. Although the

5-shot magazine was standard, FN did make some police models with higher magazine capacities, and some

locally

altered guns used in the Far East reportedly had capacities of up to 10 rounds. In the U.S.A. at least some Browning A-5 shotguns sold as the “Buck Special” with 24-inch barrels have been used as combat weapons.

su3

FN/Browning. (Anthony Vanderlinden)

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,232 mm (48.5 in) Barrel: 711 mm (28 in) Weight: 3.86 kg (81/2 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5+1

103

Franchi

LAW-12

Franchi LAW-12.

SELF-LOADERS

Many experienced shotgunners consider the LAW-12 Franchi’s best combat shotgun because of its light

weight and quick handling characteristics. Among other positive features are interchangeable choke 104

tubes and a clever combat safety system. Actually, there is a dual safety. There is a very large safety on the right front of the triggerguard for normal patrol carry of the weapon. There is also a quick reaction safety

on the left side of the front of the triggerguard, which operates much as an M1 Garand safety and can easily

be flicked off with the trigger finger from inside the guard. While the patrol, or primary, safety-locks the

pleasant of combat shotguns to shoot and also allows quick engagement of multiple targets.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,054 mm (41.5 in) Barrel: 546 mm (21.5 in) Weight: 2.93 kg (6.44 Ib) Sights: bead on ramp Stock: fixed, pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 8+1

S$u

Bey

ee bolt, the quick reaction one does not.

Therefore, when only this safety is engaged, the bolt may be cycled to change the type of shell in the chamber while keeping the hammer locked and the weapon on safe. This

safety may also be used to keep the weapon Safe but ready for imminent action, as during building searches. The combination of the LAW-12’s gas operating system and well-designed stock make it one of the most 105

High Standard

Model

10

High Standard Model 10B.

SELF-LOADERS

| The Model 10 was based on a design created by Police Sergeant Al Crouch and incorporated features he and other police officers felt would create the perfect “Cruiser Shotgun.” In the wake of civil unrest in U.S. cities during the 1960s, High Standard 106

decided to produce a commercial version based on Crouch’s prototypes. High Standard based the Model 10 on their proven Supermatic action, but employing a bullpup design that made use of black, thermomolded,

fiberglass-fortified nylon. The shoulder

yoke design allowed the Model 10 to be carried slung under the arm and easily brought into action with one hand. The combination of the yoke and pistol grip also allowed the Model 10 to be easily fired from inside a cruiser by resting the receiver along

the door. By aligning the flashlight affixed to the Model 10’s receiver with the bore, a target could be quickly

illuminated and engaged if necessary. In addition to functioning as a combat shotgun, the Model 10 was designed to deploy most standard tear gas grenades in use during the late 1960s. One disadvantage of the location of the Model 10’s ejection port on the right side of the weapon was that it could not be fired from the left shoulder as this would throw brass into the face. The original version of the High Standard was designated the 10A. As improvements were indicated based upon experience with the Model

10As in service, a Model 10B was introduced. Among its features were a folding carrying handle of the type now - seen on some

assault rifles, a

removable flashlight instead of the fixed one on the 10A, a folding front sight, and a second cocking handle on the left side of the receiver so that the shotgun could be operated more readily with one hand. High Standard experimented with extending the tubular magazine to give the Model 10B a capacity of 6+1, but this version was never marketed. Choate Machine and Tool Company, however, did market an extension which was added by some police officers.

The concept of the Model 10 was quite sound. Here was a shotgun which could be easily concealed, yet could be fired either from the shoulder or with one hand effectively. The concept was radical enough; however, the Model 10 did not sell in sufficient quantity to stay in production.

Su3

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 688 mm (27.1 in) Barrel: 460 mm (18.1 in) Weight: 3.6 kg (8 Ib) Sights: flashlight and Keyway; Stock: bullpup with pistol grip and shoulder yoke Magazine Capacity: 4+1

107

Mossberg

9200A1

SELF-LOADERS

The 9200A1, also known as the “Jungle Gun” is one of the most durable auto-loading combat shotguns ever made, since it was produced to U.S. military and Drug Enforcement

particular advantage for agents of DEA or other agencies with a clandestine mission. This self-loader’s reliability and durability are legendary, too, the

Administration specifications of

testing it was subjected to before adoption. One indication of the toughness required of this weapon is its barrel, which is thicker than many

toughness. The recoil spring is located around the magazine, thus allowing it to be fitted with a folding stock, a 108

result of the 3,000-round

military

other combat shotguns. Knocks against helicopters or vehicles while exiting or doorways while entering on raids will not damage this barrel. Another aspect of the 9200A1’s rugged design is the gas rings, which are actually machined into the gas cylinder. By mounting this cylinder around the magazine tube, there is

Mossberg 9200A1.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 991 mm (39 in) Barrel: 470 mm (18.5 in) Weight: 3.55 kg (7.8 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed or folding Magazine Capacity: 5+1

also far less chance of fouling. Extremely sturdy dual action bars .transfer energy from the gas cylinder to the bolt. For added durability, the

stock and forearm are of tough synthetic material, black in the police version and green in the military

Sd3

The 9200A1 functions equally well with buckshot or slugs although, with only a bead sight, accuracy is difficult with slugs. The magazine capacity of the 9200A1 is also low for a combat self-loader. A full-length magazine would have been more desirable.

version. Metal parts are parkerized or

anodized a flat black. 109

Remington

Model

11R (Riot)

SELF-LOADERS

Although there was War Department interest in the Remington Model 11 for service in World War I, Remington did not develop a “trench” model before the war ended. However, the 11R did achieve some success between the wars as a police shotgun. In fact, it 110

was the most popular self-loading combat shotgun of its time. During World War II, the U.S. armed forces again found themselves in need of fighting shotguns and a large number of Model 11s were acquired, many with parkerized finish and plain oil-finished

stocks. Since the Model 11 used a recoiling barrel system, it was not fitted with a hand guard and bayonet lug as were many slide action “Trench” guns. The ability to fire the Model 11 quickly without having to operate a pump action made it relatively popular,

Remington Model 17R. (T. J. Mullin)

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 997 mm (39.25 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.6 kg (8 Ib) Sights: bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 4+1

especially in the Pacific where it was employed against Japanese mass attacks. After the war, a large number of surplus Model 11Rs were sold to U.S. law enforcement agencies where the served for many years. An infamous user of the Model 11

was Bonnie

SYa

Parker, who used multiple

chopped-down 20-gauge Model 11s during her career with Clyde Barrow. Many of the other famous gangsters during the 1920 and 1930s also used Remington Model 11s. 111

Remington

11-87P (Police) 7.

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de

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Ph

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SELF-LOADERS

Remington 11-87P (T. J. Mullin)

112

As its name implies, the 11-87 Police model is designed to stand up to rugged usage. The combination of polypropylene stock and fore-end and parkerized finish on major metal parts helps ensure this durability, both

within the patrol car and out in the weather. The 1-inch thick recoil pad combined with the gas-operated action make the 11-87P very comfortable to shoot and quick for repeat shots. The barrel is a choked

also offers a 14-inch barreled Entry Gun version of the 11-87P, which is regulated to function reliably with the shorter barrel. Unlike some other combat self-loading shotguns, the 1187P is designed to allow a round to be chambered from the magazine simply by pulling back the bolt handle and releasing it — a very important consideration for a shotgun which may be carried in a patrol car or SWAT van. As a basic police shotgun, the 11-87P is hard to beat.

Sd

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 978 mm (38.5 in) Barrel: 457 mm (18 in) Weight: 3.75 kg (8.25 Ib) Sights: bead, rifle, or ghost ring Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 7+1

improved cylinder to allow use of either buckshot

or slugs; however,

custom shops which work on shotguns can incorporate a choke designed for a specific load and mission. The crossbolt safety is

located on the rear of the triggerguard in the same position as on the 870, an important consideration in transitioning personnel from the slide-action to the self-loading Remington. Remington 113

Saiga 12C The combat versions of this Russian shotgun offer many highly desirable features. Although the statistics given are for the 12-gauge law enforcement

SELF-LOADERS version, other

models may also be

used for combat, including 20-gauge examples and a 13-inch barreled 12 gauge. The detachable box magazine adds great versatility to the Saiga, and,

with the 8-round magazine, offers substantial firepower. Because shortening the barrel of a box fed shotgun does not lower its magazine capacity, the shorier-barreled Saigas retain their full 5- or 8-round capacity. The placement of the sights on the

receiver rather than the barrel is also an advantage when shortening the barrel. The Saiga employs a Kalashnikov-style safety, which cannot be easily released without shifting the shooting position of the hand. It also retains the Kalashnikov-style magazine release. The pistol grip on the police versions of the Saiga do make it easy to handle with one hand. With the stock folded, the Saiga 19-inch barreled version is only 724 mm (28. 5 inches) allowing it to be concealed well beneath a jacket for undercover or VIP protection usage. The Saiga is quite a well-made shotgun and in combat

guise is very effective, one of the

better models currently available. For police or troops used to the AK-47 or AK-74

rifle or AKSU

this would

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch

Length: 965 mm (88 in) Barrel: 484 mm (19 in) Weight: 3.5 kg (7.7 Ib) Sights: adjustable rifle style and sidemounted scope base Stock: fixed or folding Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 8+1

Saiga. (T. J. Mullin) 114

SMG,

make an excellent choice since the major controls remain the same.

Su

Savage 720

et An

SELF-LOADERS

Like the Remington Model 11, the Savage 720 is an American copy of the Belgian Browning A-5 auto-loading shotgun. The Savage was never marketed as a riot gun for police sales, but 20-inch versions were procured by the War Department 116

during World War II. With the exception of the ramp which carries the front bead, and a few other very

minor cosmetic differences, the 720 is virtually identical to the Remington 11R. This is one of the scarcer U.S. military combat shotguns.

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 997 mm (39.25 in) Barrel: 508 mm (20 in) Weight: 3.6 kg (8 Ib) Sights: ramp and bead Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 4+1

Sa

Savage 720. (Jim Wolf)

117

SPS-12

SELF-LOADERS

The SPS-12 is a good-sized weapon, which allows it to handle recoil extremely well. This Chinese combat shotgun uses a forged steel receiver which makes it very sturdy but also heavier than many competitors. It uses a Kalashnikov-style magazine 118

release for the box magazine, but it does not use an AK-type safety. Instead, a crossbolt safety is mounted on the triggerguard. The SPS-12’s gas system employs a variation of the US M-1 Carbine’s short-stroke gas-piston mechanism, a fast cycling and reliable

system. The combination of its reliable self-loading action and box magazine makes the SPS-12 attractive as a combat weapon, although its weight and size area disadvantage when compared with such weapons as the Beretta 1201.

S$

. Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 1,041 mm (41 in) Barrel: 559 mm (22 in) Weight: 4.14 kg (9.1 Ib) Sights: ghost ring Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5-round box 119

USAS-12

SELF-LOADERS

USAS-12. (T. J. Mullin) i &

The Daewoo USAS-12 is a select-fire combat shotgun designed around an M-16 long recoil system. The combination of the USAS-12’s weight and the barrel position, mounted low in line with the buttstock,

helps cushion

recoil during full auto fire. Another feature similar to the M-16 is the USAS-12’s carrying handle which incorporates the rear sights. Designed 120

to allow easy conversion for right- or left-handed shooters, USAS-12’s controls may quickly be moved to either side of the receiver or fore-end. Although military forces have frequently expressed interest in boxfed, select-fire shotguns, the USAS-12, unlike most full-auto shotguns, actually made it into production. Since major controls and the sights are similar to

the M-16, it would seem to be well suited for adoption by countries using that rifle. However, the drum magazine has proven somewhat ammo-sensitive, and to the author’s knowledge, no major military orders have been placed for this weapon.

MADE IN KOREA BY DAEWOO PRECISION IND. ©

Caliber: 12 gauge Length: 965 mm (38 in) Barrel: 460 mm (18.1 in) -Weight: 5.45 kg (12 Ib) Sights: folding rear aperture, front post adjustable for elevation Stock: fixed, pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 10-round box, 20-round drum

M-16 style safety of the USAS-12. (T. J. Mullin)

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Benelli

ACTIONS DUAL

Benelli M3.

122

M3 Convertible

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The M3 and other dual-action, or convertible, shotguns function as selfloaders, but offer the option of quickly - converting them to slide action, in the case of the M3 by a selection ring on the fore-end. Theoretically, this convertible action allows a malfunction in self-loading mode to be quickly cleared by switching to slide action or allows the use of lightly loaded specialpurpose munitions in slide-action mode. When operating as a self-loader, the M3 uses an inertia recoil system similar to the Benelli M1, though with the recoil spring relocated around the magazine tube. Although theoretically an interesting concept, dual-action shotguns add an additional complication since a soldier or police officer might not remember what setting the weapon was on, thus attempting to operate it as a pump action when

Caliber: 12 gauge, 3 inch

Length: 1,041 mm (41 in) Barrel: 502 mm (19.75 in)

Weight: 3.36 kg (7.4 Ib) Sights: rifle or ghost ring Stock: fixed, pistol grip Magazine Capacity: 5+1 or 7+1

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it was set for self-loader,

or vice versa. As a result, this is a weapon which rates low on the “soldier-proof” or “cop-proof” scale. Generally, too, the convertible action adds weight which makes the weapon unwieldy, though this is less the case with the M3 than some other dualaction designs. 123

NOILOV

Franchi SPAS-12

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Franchi SPAS 12.

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SPAS stands for “special-purpose automatic shotgun.” The SPAS-12 was the first of the dual-action ’ shotguns to be marketed commercially. From its introduction in 1979, its futuristic appearance has made it a favorite in films, but it has not met with wide acceptance as a practical fighting weapon. One interesting feature is the hook on the folding stock which is intended for use in conjunction with the pistol grip for one-handed firing. The weight and balance of the SPAS-12 make this a relatively difficult procedure unless the user is quite strong. The High Standard Model 10 was far more well suited to one-handed usage. A button in the fore-end allows conversion between slide action and self-loader, a reasonably good system which can be operated without looking after some practice. The combination of the SPAS-12’s ungainliness which makes it hard to handle easily, and its lack of reliability have limited its use by experienced combat shotgunners, although some European special police and military units have adopted it. Egypt’s military police have also used the SPAS-12.

The SPAS-15 is a descendent of the SPAS-12, which uses a 6-round detachable box magazine to make it even more effective as a military weapon. The SPAS-15 is also slightly more compact than the SPAS-12.

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Caliber: 12 gauge Length: stock extended — 930 mm (36.6 in) Barrel: 460 mm (18.1 in) Weight: 4.0 kg (8.8 Ib) Sights: rifle Stock: folding or fixed Magazine Capacity: 7+1

125

Crossfire MK1 Crossfire MK I.

COMBOS RIFLE/SHOTGUN

The Crossfire was designed with military or police special operations personnel or VIP protection teams in mind. For special ops personnel, the Crossfire offers the possibility of having both shotgun and rifle in one weapon with the ability to quickly 126

switch from one barrel to the other. For embassy guards or VIP protection personnel, the Crossfire offers the option of loading less lethal rounds in the shotgun for crowd dispersal while retaining the ability to engage snipers or others with the rifle. For police entry

— teams, the Crossfire allows the shotgunner to use his weapon to deliver door-busting rounds or tear gas yet retain the ability to cover the team with a rifle. The Crossfire is a slide action for both rifle and shotgun with a button on

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affixing an optical sighting device which, for best effect, should work with either the rifle or shotgun barrel. A Red Dot system such as the Tasco ProPoint series or a reflex sight such as those from Trijicon is a good choice. To allow easiest operation of the Crossfire, it is recommended that the optional front pistol grip be affixed to the fore-end.

SOG NND 141

Caliber: 5.56 x 45 NATO & 12 gauge, 3 inch Length: 965 mm (38 in) Barrels: Rifle — 419 mm (16.5 in), Shotgun — 483 mm (19 in) Weight: 3.91 kg (8.6 Ib) Sights: Picatinny Rail for optical sights and ghost ring Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 5.56 mm — 5, 20, or 30 rounds, 12 gauge — 4 rounds

‘the receiver allowing a quick selection of weapon type. One trigger and one safety suffice for both. The shotgun barrel is located above the rifle barrel because of the shotgun’s magazine system, but this also adds rigidity to the rifle barrel and enhances accuracy.

The shotgun is fed by removable 4round tubular magazines which are inserted through the stock, while the rifle takes standard M-16 magazines. The weapon is available with either a black oxide or camo finish. The Picatinny rail offers the option of 127

Springfield Armory M6 Scout

COMBOS RIFLE/SHOTGUN

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The M6 is based on a survival weapon developed for the USAF during the 1950s, though the military version had a 14-inch barrel. Although primarily intended for taking small game for the crew until rescued, the M6 could also be used for engagement of an enemy 128

using the rifle, especially with the .22 Hornet round used by the military or the shotgun with slugs or buckshot. To aid its mission as a survival weapon

the M6 is designed to be easily folded or broken down into two pieces, and the stock has a hinged rubber-covered

comb which allows access to a storage compartment for 15 .22 Long Rifle cartridges and four .410 shells. A selector knob located on the hammer allows easy choice of rifle or shotgun barrel. The M6 is available with either a parkerized finish or in stainless steel, »

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Caliber: .22 long rifle or .22 Hornet & .410, 3 inch Length: 813 mm (82 in) Barrel: 464 mm (18.25 in) Over and under Weight: 2.14 kg (4.7 Ib) Sights: rifle with blade front, flip-up rear Stock: fixed Magazine Capacity: 1-.22, 1-.410

SOG NND 141

Springfield Armory M6 Scout.

the latter an excellent choice if it is to

desirable, it should be viewed as an

be carried as a survival weapon aboard a boat. Since the M6 is often chosen by bush pilots, wilderness boat operators, or others who might find themselves in a situation where a survival weapon is

emergency weapon, which may be used against two-legged predators if they are encountered.

129

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