Coal Information 2011 (IEA Statistics) 9789264102095, 9789264102101

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IEA

STATISTICS

COAL

INFORMATION

2011

International Energy Agency

COAL

INFORMATION

2011 with 2010 data

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy eficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.

© OECD/IEA, 2011 International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France

www.iea.org

IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea (Republic of) Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

Please note that this publication is subject to speciic restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp

The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.3

TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... I.9 2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... I.11

Energy sources ................................................................................................................................................. I.11 Flows: energy balance………………………………………………………………………………………...I.13 Units and conversions ....................................................................................................................................... I.16 3. Sources and notes .................................................................................................................................. I.17

General notes .................................................................................................................................................... I.17 Price data .......................................................................................................................................................... I.17 Quarterly energy statistics ................................................................................................................................ I.19 Data sources ...................................................................................................................................................... I.19 4. Country notes .......................................................................................................................................... I.21 5. Geographical coverage .......................................................................................................................... I.29 6. Abbreviations, conversion factors and calorific values ..................................................................... I.31

PART II: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW 1. Summary ................................................................................................................................................... II.3 2. Production ................................................................................................................................................ II.3 3. Consumption ............................................................................................................................................ II.6 4. Trade ......................................................................................................................................................... II.8 5. CO2 emissions (2008) ............................................................................................................................ II.14 6. Efficiency Outlook for Power Generation from Coal: [An extract from an IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board (CIAB) Report] ........................................... II.17

PART III: WORLD COAL OVERVIEW 1. Production

Table 1.1: Table 1.2: Table 1.3: Table 1.4: Table 1.5:

World hard coal production ......................................................................................................... III.5 World coking coal production ...................................................................................................... III.7 World steam coal production........................................................................................................ III.8 World brown coal production ..................................................................................................... III.10 OECD production of coke oven coke ......................................................................................... III.12

2. Consumption

Table 2.1: Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Table 2.4: Table 2.5: Table 2.6:

World hard coal consumption..................................................................................................... III.15 World coking coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.18 World steam coal consumption .................................................................................................. III.20 World brown coal consumption ................................................................................................. III.23 OECD consumption of coke oven coke...................................................................................... III.25 Key energy and CO2 emissions data for OECD countries (2009) .............................................. III.26 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

3. Trade

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade ................................................................................................... III.29 Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade ......................................................................................................... III.29 Table 3.3: World steam coal trade ............................................................................................................... III.30 Table 3.4: World coking coal trade ............................................................................................................. III.30 Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates........................................................................... III.31 Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.31 Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries ............................................................................. III.32 Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.32 Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.33 Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.33 Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries.......................................................................... III.34 Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.34 Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports ................................................................................................. III.35 Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates .......................................................................... III.36 Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates ........................................................................ III.36 Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries .............................................................................. III.37 Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries........................................................................... III.37 Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates ....................................................................... III.38 Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates ......................................................................... III.38 Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries .......................................................................... III.39 Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries ........................................................................... III.39 Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports .................................................................................................. III.40 4. Prices

Table 4.1: Table 4.2: Table 4.3: Table 4.4: Table 4.5: Table 4.6: Table 4.7: Table 4.8: Table 4.9:

Japan coking coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.43 EU coking coal import costs from selected countries................................................................. III.43 Japan steam coal import costs ................................................................................................... III.44 EU steam coal import costs from selected countries .................................................................. III.44 Steam coal export costs .............................................................................................................. III.45 Coking coal export costs ............................................................................................................ III.45 Coking coal prices for industry .................................................................................................. III.46 Steam coal prices for industry .................................................................................................... III.47 Steam coal prices for electricity generation................................................................................ III.48

5. Coal for other uses

Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Table 5.3: Table 5.4:

OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity ......................................................... III.51 OECD coal and peat use for electricity production and heat sold .............................................. III.52 OECD coal use in coke ovens .................................................................................................... III.53 World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals ..................................................... III.53

6. Figures

Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: Figure 7: Figure 8: Figure 9: Figure 10: Figure 11: Figure 12: Figure 13: Figure 14:

World steam and coking coal production ................................................................................... III.57 World steam and coking coal trade ............................................................................................ III.57 Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................. III.58 Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) ............................................... III.58 Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) ................................................................... III.59 Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (mt) ...................................... III.59 OECD total primary energy supply ............................................................................................ III.60 OECD coal consumption and indicators..................................................................................... III.60 Japan steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ..................................................... III.61 EU member states steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates ................................. III.61 Hard coal production by region .................................................................................................. III.62 Hard coal consumption by region ............................................................................................... III.62 Hard coal imports by region ....................................................................................................... III.63 Hard coal exports by region........................................................................................................ III.63

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.5

PART IV: DETAILED OECD COAL DATA Directory of part IV figures and tables ............. IV.3 OECD Total .......................................................... IV.5 OECD Americas.................................................. IV.15 OECD Asia Oceania ........................................... IV.24 OECD Europe ..................................................... IV.33 IEA Total............................................................. IV.43 IEA Americas ...................................................... IV.52 IEA Asia Oceania.................................................IV.61 IEA Europe.......................................................... IV.70 Australia .............................................................. IV.79 Austria ................................................................. IV.88 Belgium ............................................................... IV.96 Canada ............................................................... IV.105 Chile .................................................................. IV.114 Czech Republic ................................................. IV.122 Denmark ............................................................ IV.131 Estonia................................................................IV.140 Finland .............................................................. IV.148 France ................................................................ IV.156 Germany ............................................................ IV.165 Greece ............................................................... IV.175

Hungary ............................................................. IV.183 Iceland ............................................................... IV.190 Ireland ................................................................ IV.197 Israel .................................................................. IV.205 Italy .................................................................... IV.212 Japan .................................................................. IV.220 Korea ................................................................. IV.228 Luxembourg ...................................................... IV.236 Mexico ............................................................... IV.243 Netherlands ........................................................ IV.250 New Zealand ...................................................... IV.260 Norway .............................................................. IV.269 Poland ................................................................ IV.277 Portugal.............................................................. IV.286 Slovak Republic................................................. IV.294 Slovenia..............................................................IV.301 Spain .................................................................. IV.311 Sweden .............................................................. IV.319 Switzerland ........................................................ IV.327 Turkey................................................................ IV.334 United Kingdom ................................................ IV.341 United States ...................................................... IV.350

PART V: NON-OECD COAL DATA General notes .........................................................V.3 World coal supply and end-use statistics 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2007 to 2009... ....V.5 National coal balances and trade statistics: Brazil .....................................................................V.14 Bulgaria .................................................................V.16 China, People’s Republic of ..................................V.18 Chinese Taipei.......................................................V.22

Colombia .............................................................. V.24 Hong Kong, China ................................................ V.27 India ...................................................................... V.29 Indonesia............................................................... V.31 Kazakhstan ........................................................... V.34 Romania ................................................................ V.38 Russian Federation ............................................... V.40 South Africa.......................................................... V.43 Ukraine ................................................................. V.46 Venezuela ............................................................. V.50 Vietnam ................................................................ V.52

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.7

PART I INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.9

1. INTRODUCTION IEA Coal Information 2011 is the latest edition of an annual publication intended to provide sound market information on coal to policy and market analysts and those employed in all sectors of the coal industry. This monitoring and reporting of historical trends and current energy market situation provides a strong foundation for policy and market analysis to better inform the policy decision process toward selecting policy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic and/or international objectives. IEA Coal Information 2011 brings together in one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on coal supply, consumption, trade and prices. It also includes information on coal by-products. Part I provides important documentation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication and to understand the details of the statistical methodology and collection practices related to the coal data. Part II of the publication provides a review of world coal market developments in 2010. It covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal consumption by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and prices. Part III provides the reference tables to the Part II review on coal production, consumption, trade and prices. Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of coal developments in the 34 OECD member countries, by region and individually. In addition, calorific values used for preparing national energy balances and exchange rates used for the reporting of prices in US dollars are presented. Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions

worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented for 15 major nonOECD coal-producing and consuming countries. OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of Energy Statistics that are based on annual and quarterly submissions from OECD Member countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national administration to secure consistency in all time series with particular regard for IEA product definitions and reporting conventions. This effort is supplemented by surveys of energy industry publications, national statistics reports and other material. The finalized data provide the basis for IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. The non-OECD data are based upon information collected by the IEA Secretariat, official national submissions to the United Nations in Geneva and New York, and national energy publications. The resulting synthesis is published in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries. Users of this publication are directed to the Methodology Section of those publications for more detail on individual nonMember countries covered in the publication. Price data in Parts II, III and IV are derived from the quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult this IEA/OECD publication for detailed information on methodology, data coverage and data sources. OECD coal balances and statistics, including itemized import and export data, are available on a CD-ROM, along with world supply data. Information on ordering the CD-ROM and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book and on the IEA website at www.iea.org. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

In addition, a data service is available on the internet, which provides unlimited access through an annual subscription, as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. Further information on reporting methodologies is also available on the IEA Web site. Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. The IEA would like to thank and acknowledge the dedication and professionalism of the statisticians working on energy data in the countries. OECD coal statistics in the ESD were the responsibility of Mr. Tomasz Truś. Ms. Rachael Hackney and Mr. Frédéric Genest contributed to Part II, Part III and Part V and Mr. Julian Smith contributed to all Parts of the book. Mr. Robert Schnapp had overall responsibility for this publication.

Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the non-OECD Member countries section headed by Mr. Pierre Boileau and to the OECD Balances section headed by Ms. Karen Tréanton. Editorial and desktop publishing support from Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve is also gratefully acknowledged. Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be addressed to: Robert Schnapp or Tomasz Truś Energy Statistics Division, International Energy Agency 9, rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Telephone: (33) (1) 40 57 66 31 or 40 57 65 41 Telefax: (33) (1) 40 57 66 49 E-mail: [email protected]

What’s New? Starting with this year’s edition, the countries Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, which joined the OECD in 2010, have been incorporated into this publication. All are included in OECD totals. The regional aggregate OECD North America has been changed to OECD Americas and now includes Chile. OECD Pacific has been changed to OECD Asia Oceania and now includes Israel. OECD Europe now includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia in the publication Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Following the inclusion of Estonia and Slovenia in OECD totals, the regions Former Soviet Union and Non-OECD Europe were merged and renamed Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia. This new regional aggregate includes data for Former Soviet Union and for Former Yugoslavia prior to 1990. The IEA is currently working with a group of 24 international organisations that collect or use energy statistics. The purpose of this group, called InterEnerStat, is to improve the quality of energy data and reduce the reporting burden by harmonising definitions for energy sources and flows. As a result of this work, the IEA will now include gas works gas with coal instead of including it with natural gas. In line with the InterEnerStat work, the IEA has also made some small changes in the terminology that do not affect the definitions. A few examples include: combustible renewables and waste becomes biofuels and waste solid biomass becomes solid biofuels liquid biomass becomes liquid biofuels biogas becomes biogases

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.11

2. DEFINITIONS Energy sources Coal Coal is a family name for a variety of solid organic fuels and refers to a whole range of combustible sedimentary rock materials spanning a continuous quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series is often divided into two main categories, which are themselves divided into two subcategories: • Hard coal • Anthracite • Bituminous coal - Coking coal - Other bituminous coal • Brown coal • Sub-bituminous coal • Lignite

In cases where data are presented in Mtoe or Mtce in this book and sourced to OECD/IEA Energy Balances, the term “Coal” includes all primary coal types (including hard coal and brown coal) and coal products (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas, and oxygen steel furnace gas). Classifying different types of coal into practical categories for use at an international level is difficult for two reasons: Divisions between coal categories vary between classification systems, both national and international, based on calorific value, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, caking and coking properties, or some combination of two or more of these criteria. Although the relative value of the coals within a particular category depends on the degree of dilution by moisture and ash and contamination by sulphur,

chlorine, phosphorous and certain trace elements, these factors do not affect the divisions between categories. Coal quality can vary and it is not always possible to ensure that the available descriptive and analytical information is truly representative of the body of coal to which it refers. The International Coal Classification of the Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) recognises two broad categories of coal: i) Hard coal - Coal of gross calorific value not less than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis and with a mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6. ii) Brown coal - Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis. The IEA has adopted these definitions of hard coal and brown coal in this book and in other publications for presenting statistics relating to coal production, trade and consumption. It should be stressed that this classification system is based on the inherent qualities of the coal in question and not on the final use of the coal. In this way the classification system attempts to be objective and simple to apply. Primary coal used in pulverised (or granular) coal injection in blast furnaces is commonly abbreviated to PCI (or GCI) coal. (In this book PCI includes GCI). The IEA does not have a separate category for PCI as the term defines a particular end-use for coal. In IEA statistics, PCI is included in steam coal, except for Japan, where it is included with coking coal. Data presented in this book may be different from that presented in the national publications of individual countries because the countries may have adopted a different coal classification and reporting system that better suits their particular national needs. As far as INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

possible, national coal statistics reported by the IEA in this book and in other publications have been adjusted to be consistent with the IEA definitions noted above.

coal or other primary solid fuels, sometimes with the addition of other materials.

Furthermore, in order to improve the information base for coal market analysis and projections, these two categories of coal have been further sub-divided in IEA/OECD Coal Statistics from 1978 as follows:

Coke oven coke

Hard coal Hard coal is calculated as the sum of anthracite and bituminous coal.

• Anthracite is a high-rank, hard coal used mainly for industrial and residential heat raising. • Bituminous coal is a medium-rank coal used for industrial coking and heat raising and residential heat raising. Bituminous coal that can be used in the production of a coke capable of supporting a blast furnace charge is known as coking coal. Other bituminous coal, not included under coking coal, is also commonly known as thermal or steam coal. Also included are recovered slurries, middlings and other low-grade coal products not further classified by type. Note that for the following countries, bituminous coal also includes sub-bituminous coal: Australia, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United States. Except for these 12 countries, steam coal for all other countries in the world is equivalent to the sum of anthracite and other bituminous coal.

Brown coal Brown coal is calculated as the sum of subbituminous coal and lignite. Oil shale mined and combusted directly is also currently reported as lignite. (Shale oil is reported as other hydrocarbons.)

• Sub-bituminous coal: non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value between 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) and 5 700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis. • Lignite: non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 4 165 kcal/kg (17.4 GJ/t) on an ash-free but moist basis. Note that for 12 countries, (listed above) subbituminous coal is included in bituminous coal and not brown coal.

Coal products Derived solid fuels are products resulting from the transformation or manufacturing of hard coal, brown INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coke oven coke is the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal, principally coking coal, at high temperature. Semi-coke, the solid product obtained from the carbonisation of coal at low temperature, is also included along with coke and semi-coke made from lignite.

Gas coke Gas coke is a by-product of hard coal used for the production of town gas in gas works. Gas coke is used for heating purposes.

Patent fuel Patent fuel is a composition fuel manufactured from coal fines by shaping with the addition of a binding agent such as pitch.

Brown coal briquettes (BKB) BKB are composition fuels manufactured from brown coal. The brown coal is crushed, dried and moulded under high pressure into an even shaped briquette without the addition of binders. Peat briquettes, dried brown coke, fines and dust and brown coal breeze are also included.

Coal tar Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal to make coke in the coke oven process. Coal tar can also be the result of low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal. Coal tar can be further distilled into different organic products (e.g. benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical industry.

Coke oven gas Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of solid fuel carbonisation and gasification operations carried out by coke producers and iron and steel plants not connected with gas works and municipal gas plants.

Gas works gas Gas works gas covers all types of gas produced in public utility or private plants, whose main purpose is the manufacture, transport and distribution of gas. It includes gas produced by carbonisation (including gas produced by coke ovens and transferred to gas works), by total gasification (with or without enrichment with

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.13

oil products) and by reforming and simple mixing of gases and/or air. Note: Starting with the 2011 edition, gas works gas is included with coal for the years 1990 and beyond. Before 1990, gas works gas is included with natural gas.

Blast furnace gas Blast furnace gas is obtained as a by-product in operating blast furnaces. It is recovered upon leaving the furnace and used partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or used in power stations equipped to burn it.

Oxygen steel furnace gas Oxygen steel furnace gas is obtained as a by-product of the production of steel in an oxygen furnace; it is recovered upon leaving the furnace. The gas is also known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas.

Coal resources and reserves Quantifying mineable coal is based on a consideration of geological, mining and economic criteria. The amount of coal in place and, in some cases, the amount of mineable coal is influenced by national resource measurement criteria. The basis for computing these resources varies from country to country and, therefore, it must be borne in mind that for this reason, direct comparisons are sometimes not possible. During the 1990s, there was a considerable discussion on the adoption of internationally recognised standards for reporting reserves. This largely stems from the requirements of capital markets for improved transparency in reserve estimation where project financing is being sought. However, to date there has not been any adoption of international standards. There are, however, some generally recognised definitions that can be applied.

thickness and quality of seams, the spacing of exploration boreholes and other exposures, and geological discontinuities such as faults or folding, all of which affect the practical recoverability of the coal.

Proved reserves Proved reserves are those reserves that are not only confidently considered to be recoverable, but can also be recovered economically under current market conditions. In other words, they take into account what current mining technology can achieve, as well as the economics of recovery (mining, transportation and other relevant recovery costs, such as government royalties, and coal prices). Proved reserves will, therefore, fluctuate according to economic conditions, especially price.

Peat A solid formed from the partial decomposition of dead vegetation under conditions of high humidity and limited air access (initial stage of coalification). It is available in two forms for use as a fuel, sod peat and milled peat. Milled peat is also made into briquettes for fuel use. Peat is not considered a renewable resource as its regeneration period is long.

Heat and electricity Data for electricity and heat includes disaggregated data on inputs and outputs of ‘combined heat and power’ and on ‘district heating’. Data on heat became available in different years for different countries and thus aggregated country data should be used with caution. Total electricity production includes production from both main activity producers (formerly known as public) and autoproducers. Generally, the split of total electricity production between main activity producers and autoproducers is available only after 1973.

Resources Resources refer to the amount of coal that may be present in a deposit or a coalfield. This does not take into account the feasibility of mining the coal economically. Not all resources are recoverable using current technology. Reserves constitute those resources that are recoverable.

Reserves Reserves may be defined further in terms of proved (or measured) reserves, and probable (or indicated) reserves, based on exploration results and the degree of confidence in those results. Probable reserves have been estimated with a lower degree of confidence than proved reserves. Estimates take account of coalfields’ geological characteristics, in particular the regularity,

Flows: energy balance Coal balances are presented in detail in Parts IV and V. In Part IV, Table 5 presents uses in the rows and selected years in the columns. Data is presented in millions of tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce). One tonne of coal equivalent is 7 million kilocalories. Each table is divided into three main parts: the first shows supply elements, the second shows the transformation processes and energy industries, and the third shows final consumption broken down into various end-use sectors. Both primary fuels such as coal and peat, and derived fuels such as coke oven coke and blast furnace gas are INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

included in the calculations. However, derived products manifest themselves as positive outputs in the relevant transformation process used to create them. Generally they should be less than the inputs, which result in a net negative entry in the transformation flow. Given that this balance is restricted to coal and associated products, inputs from other fuel types (such as pitch for patent fuels, or oil, gas and renewable inputs to blast furnaces) will not be recorded, nor will electricity generated, both of which differ from a full energy balance. The energy balance flows detailed below have the following functions, and may appear in other tables:

Supply Production Production is the production of primary energy, i.e. hard coal, brown coal, peat, shale oil, etc. Production is calculated after the removal of impurities. It is important to note that derived products such as coke oven coke and patent fuel, while included in the balances, do not appear in production.

Imports and exports Imports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Coal in transit is not included.

Stock changes Stock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levels on the first day of the year and closing levels on the last day of the year of stocks on national territory held by producers, importers, energy transformation industries and large consumers. A stock build is shown as a negative number, and a stock draw as a positive number. It is presented this way as this is how it affects the domestic supply, as opposed to how it describes the changes in stocks.

Total primary energy supply Total primary energy supply (TPES) is made up of production + imports - exports ± stock changes.

Statistical differences Statistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statistical differences for individual fuels, as they appear in the basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences that arise because of the variety of conversion factors in the coal and oil INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

columns. See the introduction to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries for further details.

Transformation processes Transformation processes record the transformation of one kind of fuel or energy into another with both inputs and outputs being measured. This may bridge several transformation processes. For instance:

• Coking coal used to manufacture coke oven coke would be reported as a negative input to the coke oven transformation process.

• The resulting coke oven coke, coal tar and coke oven gas would be reported as a positive output to the coke oven transformation process flow.

• Energy inputs from other sources, including electricity, will not be reported in this particular instance. Therefore, numbers may not be indicative of true efficiencies, but rather map the flow of coal.

• The coke oven coke will largely be used to produce pig-iron in a blast furnace. Therefore, it will be reported where it is used and mainly as an input to the blast furnace transformation process.

• The by-product blast furnace gas will appear as an output in the blast furnace transformation flow. However, a significant amount of energy is lost in the process of making the pig-iron, so the net negative value in the blast furnace transformation flow will tend to be approximately 60% of the total energy inputs.

• The blast furnace gas (and coal tar and coke oven gas) will likewise be reported where used. Some of this will appear in the relevant consumption flows, other parts might be used to generate electricity and appear in electricity transformation.

• In a complete energy balance, the electricity generated would be converted to the appropriate energy unit and reported as a positive output in the applicable electricity transformation flow. This is not the case in the coal balance, so the number displayed in the electricity transformation flow is the fuel input, not the process efficiency loss. The main transformation processes reported either make a derived coal product or a by-product and have been described earlier in the Energy sources section or are mentioned below.

Electricity and heat generation Electricity and heat generation can refer to electricity plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP),

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.15

or heat plants. Both main activity producer1 and autoproducer2 plants are included here. Electricity plants are plants which are designed to produce electricity only. If one or more units of the plant is a CHP unit (and the inputs and outputs cannot be distinguished on a unit basis), then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs to electricity production are taken into account. However, only the part of the fuel inputs used to produce the heat that is sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat that is consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included in the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Heat plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) are designed to produce heat only, which is sold to a third party under the provisions of a contract. Heat pumps that are operated within the residential sector, where the heat is not sold, are not considered a transformation process and are not included here. However, the electricity consumption appears as residential use.

Consumption Total final consumption (TFC) is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Industry consumption is specified in the following sub-sectors. Note that energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport. Iron and steel

ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431

Chemical and petrochemical industry

ISIC Divisions 20 and 21, excluding petrochemical feedstocks

Non-ferrous metals

ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432

Non-metallic minerals

ISIC Division 23, such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc.

Transport equipment

ISIC Divisions 29 and 30

Machinery

ISIC Divisions 25 to 28, comprises fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment

Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying

ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099

Food and tobacco

ISIC Divisions 10 to 12

Paper, pulp and printing

ISIC Divisions 17 and 18

Wood and wood products

ISIC Division 16, other than pulp and paper

Construction

ISIC Divisions 41 to 43

Textile and leather

ISIC Divisions 13 to 15

Non-specified

ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32 , any manufacturing industry not included above

Other transformation Other transformation covers non-specified transformation and transformations not shown elsewhere, such as coal liquefaction.

Energy industry own use Energy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC3 05, 06, 19 and 35, Group 091 and Classes 0892 and 0721]. These quantities are shown as negative figures. Included here is, for example, own use of energy in coal mines.

Losses Losses includes losses in gas distribution, flaring or venting of manufactured gases, electricity transmission and coal transport.

1. Main activity producer generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. 2. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. 3. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Series M, No. 4 / Rev. 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.

Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution.

Transport includes all fuels used for the transport [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51] of goods or persons between points of departure and destination within the national territory irrespective of the economic sector within which the activity occurs. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

Other covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 8588, 90-96 and 99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecified consumption.

Units and conversions Conversion (to toe and tce) Most IEA/OECD publications showing inter-fuel relations and projections present such information in a common energy unit, the ton of oil equivalent (toe). A ton of oil equivalent is defined as 107 kcal (41.868 GJ), a convenient measure because it is approximately the net heat content of one ton of average crude oil. This unit is used by the IEA/OECD in its energy balances. Note also that totals may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding. The change from using the original unit to tonne of oil equivalent implies choosing coefficients of equivalence between different forms and sources of energy. This problem can be approached in many different ways. For example, one could adopt a single equivalence for each major primary energy source in all countries, e.g. 29 307 kJ/kg (7 000 kcal/kg) for hard coal, 41 868 kJ/kg (10 000 kcal/kg) for oil. The main objection to this method is that it results in distortions since there is a wide spread in calorific values between types of coal and individual coal products, and between calorific values of these fuels in different countries. The Secretariat has, therefore, obtained specific calorific factors supplied by the national administrations for the main categories of each quality of coal and for each flow or use (i.e. production, imports, exports, electricity generation, coke ovens, blast furnaces and industry). The set of particular national calorific values that allow for the conversion of energy sources from original (physical) units to joules are presented later in Part I. The balances are expressed in terms of net calorific value. The difference between net and gross being the latent heat of vaporisation of the water produced during combustion of the fuel. For coal and oil, net calorific value is usually around 5 per cent less than gross and for most forms of natural and manufactured gas the difference is 9-10 per cent. The use of net calorific

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

value is consistent with the practice of the Statistical Offices of the European Communities and the United Nations. In this report some data are reported in terms of tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) because this unit is more widely used in the international coal industry. A tonne of coal equivalent is defined as 7 million kilocalories. The relation between tonne of oil equivalent (toe) and tonne of coal equivalent (tce) is therefore: 1 tce = 0.7 toe Note that billion refers to thousand million (109). Also, in many cases totals shown in the tables may not be the sum of their components due to independent rounding.

Gas In the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries all data on gases are expressed in terajoules, on the basis of their gross calorific value. 1 terajoule = 0.00002388 Mtoe. To calculate the net heat content of a gas from its gross heat content, multiply the gross heat content by the appropriate following factor: Natural gas Gas works gas Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Oxygen steel furnace gas

0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Electricity Figures for electricity production, trade, and final consumption are calculated using the energy content of the electricity, i.e. at a rate of 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. Hydro-electricity production (excluding pumped storage) and electricity produced by other non-thermal means (wind, tide, photovoltaic, etc.) are accounted for similarly using 1 TWh = 0.086 Mtoe. However, the primary energy equivalent of nuclear electricity is calculated from the gross generation by assuming a 33% efficiency, i.e. 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.33) Mtoe. In the case of electricity produced from geothermal heat the primary equivalent is calculated assuming an efficiency of 10%, so 1 TWh = (0.086 ÷ 0.1) Mtoe, unless the actual value is known.

Heat Information on heat is supplied to the Secretariat in terajoules.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.17

3. SOURCES AND NOTES General notes Energy flows data reported for 2010 (shown as 2010e) are preliminary estimates based on the submissions received in early 2011 and on quarterly submissions to the IEA from member countries. The fuels listed as “solar, wind, tide” include wave and ocean, unless otherwise noted. Statistics of non-OECD countries presented in this publication are based on available data at the time of publishing and may differ from the final non-OECD data to be published in Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries. Additional information on methodologies and reporting conventions are included in the notes in Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2011 Edition and Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2011 Edition.

Preliminary 2010 data - 2010e Data reported for the year 2010 in this publication are preliminary and presented as 2010e. Final 2010 data on solid fuels and manufactured gases will be submitted by OECD Member countries to the Secretariat in annual questionnaires in late 2011. As a result, final data for 2010 and preliminary 2011 data will be published in the 2012 edition of Coal Information in July 2012. Selected coal data for 2010 for some non-OECD countries have been estimated by the Secretariat.

Qualifiers Data marked as ‘e’ are estimates of the IEA secretariat. Data marked as ‘c’ mean that the data are confidential due to country specific regulations. Data marked as ‘..’ mean that data are not available (either not collected or not submitted by national government). Data marked as ‘x’ mean that they are not

applicable or there is no meaningful explanation of a value there. For example, the price cannot be shown if there was no trade or if the consumption in the country is forbidden.

Treatment of blast furnace coke and PCI data Data on coke used and pulverised coal injected in the blast furnace (PCI) are harmonized for all OECD countries in order to ensure that steam and coking coal consumption data are consistently presented and that comparisons between countries for consumption are meaningful. The main effect of these revisions has been to revise the reported consumption of coal in the iron and steel industry. It should be noted that in IEA statistics of coal trade and consumption, PCI is not separately specified; rather it is included with steam coal for all countries (except Japan). This classification is based on the fact that most PCI coal is of a steam coal quality and not coking coal quality. For Japan, PCI consumption is reported in this book as a coking coal in order to be consistent with the Japanese practice of including imports of PCI coal with coking coal.

Price data Energy prices are published quarterly in the IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes. IEA data on coal prices are managed in two sub-systems, which vary not only in content, but also with respect to the data collection methods.

• Import and export unit values • End-user prices

Import and export unit values Import and export unit values are calculated quarterly (March, June, September and December) from national customs statistics import and export volumes INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

and values. The basic data are collected from monthly national trade sources (Japan, United States, Australia and Canada) or provided monthly to the IEA by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). Values recorded at the import stage are the sum of cost, insurance and freight (CIF), but exclude import duties. Values recorded at the export stage (FOB), exclude seaborne or international transport, but include inland transport costs of the exporting country. As far as possible, the concept of ‘general imports and exports’ is used. This includes coal imports for reexport with or without processing, but excludes transit trade. The definitions of coal categories and the volume and value units used in each of the above source systems vary considerably. A certain amount of regrouping and unit conversions is necessary once the basic data are compiled. The rules for regrouping coal categories are consistent with the definitions used in the annual IEA/OECD coal statistics. Prices are compiled for steam coal and for coking coal. Definitions and the correspondence to national and European classifications are discussed in detail in the quarterly IEA publication Energy Prices and Taxes. Comments in Energy Prices and Taxes on certain data items, as well as general background information, are developed systematically. Data comments relate mainly to calorific values of specific coal trade flows and to national coal definitions. Background information covers duties and trade regulations.

End-user prices End-user prices are collected quarterly from national administrations and other relevant bodies and supplemented with data extracted from national publications. Although a standard approach to reporting the data has been developed, differences in definitions between countries are explained in the notes published in Energy Prices and Taxes. The standard approach to reporting end-use prices can be summarised as follows: • includes transport costs to the consumer;

• shows prices actually paid, i.e. net of rebates; and

• includes taxes which have to be paid by the consumer as part of the transaction and which are not refundable. This excludes value added taxes paid INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

in many European countries by industry (including electric power stations) for all goods and services (including energy). In these cases, value added taxes are refunded to the customer, usually in the form of a tax credit. Therefore, it is not shown as part of the prices. A standard coal quality for international comparisons of end-use prices is not possible given the wide variety of coal qualities in domestic and international coal trade. As a result, only average prices covering different qualities are collected, along with the calorific value of these average qualities. If average prices are not available, prices of a selected coal may be chosen. Accordingly, international comparisons of coal enduse prices may be misleading. Detailed notes concerning these price series are published in Energy Prices and Taxes. Also, please refer to Energy Prices and Taxes for the detailed description of price mechanisms in each country and country specific notes.

Derived price data The information collected on prices is converted by the IEA Secretariat into a variety of secondary data in order to facilitate its analysis. Inter-fuel price comparisons for one country are usually made on the basis of prices per heat unit such as a tonne of coal equivalent. In the end-user price tables, the conversion factor used for converting gross calories to net calories for natural gas is 0.9. Inter-country price comparisons are made on the basis of a standard currency unit, e.g., US dollars. Prices for regional totals are calculated as the weighted average of the available price data in the region and, therefore, prices shown should be considered as only indicative. For coal exports and imports, customs unit values are prices reported by OECD Member countries. Customs unit values are average values derived from customs’ administrations total volume and total value data. These data indicate broad price movements as they are averages of all qualities of coal without regard to the end-use of the coal or to the contract terms and conditions under which the trade occurs. End-user prices are those paid by end-users in the power sector and in industry and are reported by Member countries in a quarterly reporting system which the IEA’s Standing Group on Long Term Co-operation initiated in 1981. Data received are published in the IEA quarterly publication Energy Prices and Taxes.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.19

Unless otherwise stated, prices are reported in US dollars in the year specified (i.e. current US dollars). In addition to the official price statistics presented, coal price statistics published in the industry press are used to summarise short-term spot steam and coking coal price trends. Although not “official” in that they are not provided by member countries, there is a high correlation between prices published by the industry press and national coal price statistics.

Electricity -

Electricity production, (separately from combustible fuel, nuclear, hydro and other sources) imports, exports and (apparent) consumption in OECD member countries.

Data sources Historical data (1960-2009)

Quarterly energy statistics Readers who are interested in more recent data should consult the OECD/IEA publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics which is published in January, March, June and September each year. This book provides current, accurate and detailed statistics on quarterly production, supply and demand and trade of the major energy forms mainly in, but not limited to, the OECD area. The information contained in this publication consists of:

The annual historical data in Part IV of this report are taken from the IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics which are based on annual submissions from all OECD Member countries.

i) IEA/OECD coal statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers all primary solid fuels, derived fuels and related manufactured gases. It contains detailed supply/ demand balances for each fuel, as well as information on coal trade by origin and destination. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Coal Information.

Oil -

Production of crude oil and NGL for the major producers in the world.

-

Refinery balances for crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, and total (including inputs of origin other than crude oil and NGL);

-

Complete product balances of production, trade, refinery intake and output, final consumption, stock levels and changes;

-

Crude, NGL and feedstock imports from 47 origins and exports to 24 destinations; and

-

Trade data for main product groups, LPG and naphtha; imports from 44 origins and exports to 30 destinations.

Natural gas -

Balances of supply and consumption of OECD member countries; and Imports from 28 origins and exports to 20 destinations.

Coal -

World hard coal and brown coal production;

-

World steam coal and coking coal trade; and

-

Coking coal and steam coal imports and exports for major OECD countries.

ii) IEA/OECD electricity statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers generating capacity and electricity production from main activity producers and autoproducers plants. It includes information on electricity production by fuel type and supply/demand balances for electricity and for heat sold to third parties from different types of power and heat plants. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Electricity Information.

iii) IEA/OECD oil and gas statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks and natural gas, as well as derived oil products. It includes detailed supply/demand balances, trade by origin and destination and stock levels and changes. The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Oil Information and Natural Gas Information.

iv) IEA/OECD renewables statistics This database of annual statistics for OECD countries covers hydro, solid biofuels, geothermal, renewable municipal waste, wind, gas from biofuels, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, tide/wave/ocean, non-renewable INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

municipal waste and industrial waste. It includes detailed supply/demand balances.

vii) IEA/OECD energy prices and taxes

The main data from this system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Renewables Information.

The statistics were discussed separately above. The prices and taxes are published quarterly in IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

v) IEA/OECD energy statistics

viii) Energy statistics of non-OECD countries

This annual database integrates data from the four IEA/OECD statistical database systems listed above to provide a summary of energy supply and demand for each OECD country. It includes detailed statistics on production, trade and consumption for each source of energy, expressed in original units (e.g. metric tons, TJ, GWh).

The annual historical data for non-OECD countries presented in Part V of this report are taken from IEA/OECD databases of energy statistics of nonOECD countries. These databases are compiled from data submitted annually to the IEA Secretariat in questionnaires from non-OECD Member countries of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN ECE), from data provided by other international organisations (the United Nations in New York, the Organización Latinoamericana de Energía (OLADE) in Quito, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) in Tokyo and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome, etc.), from direct communications with national administrations, industry contacts and from published sources.

The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in this publication.

vi) IEA/OECD energy balances Overall energy balances are constructed annually for all OECD countries from the basic energy statistics described above. The overall energy balance data are expressed in a common energy unit of tons of oil equivalent (toe) and presented in a standard matrix format. The balances are published annually in the IEA/OECD publication Energy Balances of OECD Countries in which detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found.

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The main data from this data system are published annually in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries and Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries. Detailed country notes referring to historical data can be found in these publications.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.21

4. COUNTRY NOTES In many cases data submitted by Member countries to the Secretariat do not conform to the standard reporting methodology or have other particular characteristics. Information set out below will assist readers to interpret data for particular countries and aid in the comparison of data among countries.

Australia All data refer to the fiscal year, (e.g. July 2008 to June 2009 for 2009). For the 2002 data, the Australian Administration began to use a new survey methodology which has caused shifts in the structure of industry consumption. The Australian Administration is planning to revise the historical series. Data on blast furnace gas for electricity production by autoproducers begins in 1986. Consumption in wood and wood products is included in paper, pulp and print from 2001 onwards. The drop in BKB production in 2004 was due to a fire in the main production plant. Only anthracite for export is reported separately; the remainder that is consumed domestically is included with coking coal and other bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Austria Historical revisions by the Austrian Administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 1989 and 1990. In the 2011 edition, the Austrian Administration has revised the consumption data for coke oven coke from 1999 and lignite from 2001. Other bituminous coal includes hard coal briquettes. "Trockenkohle" is included with BKB because of its high calorific value. Since 1996, gas works gas is reported with natural gas

because it is distributed in the same network. The amount of gas works gas is negligible and it is mostly consumed by households. The last lignite mine closed in the second quarter of 2004 and lignite use for power generation ceased in 2006. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Belgium Sub-bituminous coal data refer to recovered coal products. Production of other bituminous coal ceased on 31 August 1992. Production from other sources refers to recuperation of coal from coal dumps. In 1996, the use of coke oven gas in the chemical and petrochemical industries ceased. The decrease of bituminous coal and coke oven coke in the iron and steel industry in 2002 is due to the closure of several plants. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Canada Due to the unavailability of data, non-energy use of coke oven coke and hard coal is included with final consumption sectors prior to 1978 and 1980, respectively. Before 1978, lignite inputs to main activity producer heat plants are included in final consumption. Starting in 1979, these inputs are included in main activity producer electricity plants. Due to a Canadian confidentiality law, it is not possible for the Canadian Administration to submit disaggregated series for all of the coal types. Between 2002 and 2006, the IEA Secretariat has estimated some of the missing series. The data for 2007 onwards are given directly as reported. The Canadian Administration is planning to further refine its reporting. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

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I.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

Chile From 1990, consumption in paper and pulp includes forestry and consumption in agriculture is included in non-specified industry. In general, a new methodology has been applied for data since 1990, leading to other breaks in series between 1989 and 1990. Other bituminous coal includes sub-bituminous coals.

Czech Republic Data are available starting in 1971. Final consumption data were submitted by the Czech Administration starting with 1996 data. Due to economic restructuring in the consumption sectors in the late 1990s (large state enterprises subdividing and/or privatising and the utilisation of new technologies by businesses), there might be breaks in time series in these sectors. Data for 1990 to 1995 were estimated based on the Czech publication Energy Economy Year Book. In 1995, town gas production (included in gas works gas) ceased. Beginning in 1996, the Czech Administration reported gas works gas in autoproducer CHP. In 1997, coke oven gas consumption in chemical and petrochemical stopped. Revisions by the Czech Administration have resulted in some breaks in series between 2001 and 2002. Production from other sources of other bituminous coal in 2004 is from coal slurries. Coal which had been previously classified as subbituminous coal until the 2008 edition is now reported under lignite for all years. Sub-bituminous coal is reported in other bituminous coal.

Denmark In the 2004 edition, major revisions were made by the Danish Administration for the 1990 to 2001 data, which may cause breaks in time series between 1989 and 1990.

Estonia Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union in Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Data reported as lignite is oil shale. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Finland A new survey system and a reclassification of the data lead to breaks in the time series between 1999 and 2000 for most products and sectors. The new survey system is more detailed and has better product coverage especially in electricity, CHP and heat production, as well as in industry. A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a draught in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region. Peat production is highly dependent upon favourable weather conditions and pricing of other fuels, causing large movements in the data over time. The first coking plant started operation in 1987, hence imports of coking coal and production of coke oven coke and coke oven gas started in that year. Coal tars used for non-energy purposes are not reported in production or consumption. The increase of other bituminous coal inputs into main activity producer electricity plants from 1993 to 1994 was due to coal replacing imported electricity and hydro power. Production of gas works gas ceased in April 1994. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

France

A large increase of steam coal imports in 2003 is related to a draught in Scandinavia. Thermal power plants were operated more intensively to replace hydro-generated electricity that is consumed in the country. Additionally, more coal-generated electricity was exported to other countries in the region.

Prior to 1985, consumption of colliery gas is included with the use of coke oven gas by autoproducers. Final consumption in industry is estimated by the Secretariat from 1986 to 2001 for some products. For 1989 to 1998, the IEA Secretariat has estimated industry consumption based on Consommations d’Energie dans l‘Industrie, SESSI.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

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COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.23

Germany

of this domestic coal in main activity producer electricity and CHP plants has also been reclassified as lignite. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

The German Administration has changed the methodology for reporting heat. From 2007 onwards, all heat production by autoproducers is considered as non-sold (i.e. for self-use). Inputs for this heat production are, therefore, no longer reported in the transformation processes. Moreover, more information on district heat has become available and inputs are now reported for this category. This causes breaks in series between 2006 and 2007. A different methodology for accounting for autoproducer heat was used for 2003 to 2006 which is apparent in both the inputs to transformation and the heat output. Due to the reclassification of several sectors by the German Administration, breaks in series may occur between 1990 and 1992. This particularly affects BKB, lignite and coke oven coke. BKB inputs to gas works plants stopped in 1997. Breaks in time series may occur between 1998 and 1999 for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Up to 2003, other bituminous coal includes anthracite. Breaks in the time series for coke oven gas from 2007 are due to a change in statistical source. Consumption of non-renewable municipal waste and other solid biofuels as a reductant occurs in German blast furnaces, but is not currently quantified. Likewise, coal tar is a by-product of coke ovens, but not currently reported. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Iceland Prior to 1970, final consumption includes inputs and outputs to heat production. The industrial classifications used by the Icelandic Administration were changed in 1987. Final consumption increased in 2000 due to a new iron and steel plant coming on-line. Coal data for 2008 and 2009 are estimated by the IEA Secretariat. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Ireland Production data for peat briquettes (BKB) are available from 1975. Low production of peat in 1985 was due to a poor “harvest”. The production of gas works gas ceased in 1987 due to fuel switching to natural gas. Other bituminous coal inputs to main activity producer electricity plants increased from 1986 due to three new generating units at Moneypoint coming online. A reclassification causes a break in the time series for peat consumption in the energy industry own use in BKB plants from 1989 to 1990. Patent fuel data from 2007 are confidential. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Greece Electricity production using hard coal ceased in 1989. A new main activity producer electricity plant using imported bituminous coal was brought on-line in 1991. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1997. Lignite has been used in main activity producer CHP plants since 1997. Production of BKB/peat briquettes ceased in 2009. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Israel The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Data reported as lignite is oil shale.

Hungary Data are available from 1965. Due to the sale of an autoproducer power plant, breaks in time series occur for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas between 1997 and 1998. From 1990, the production of sub-bituminous coal has been included with lignite due to the low quality of the coal. The use

Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Italy In the 2011 edition, industry and transformation data were revised for 2004 to 2007 according to the same methodology as used in 2008 and 2009. This leads to breaks in series between 2003 and 2004.

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I.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

From 1986 onwards, figures from lignite are given using the same methodology as in the Bilancio Energetico Nazionale. In 1991, all industrial activities were reclassified on the basis of ISTAT/NACE 91. This has implied some transfer of activities which may result in some anomalies between 1991 and earlier years. Due to a change in the survey system, breaks in time series may occur between 1997 and 1998 for final consumption. Prior to 2009, subbituminous coal used in main activity electricity plants was included with other bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Japan Between 2004 and 2007, the IEA received a series of revisions from the Japanese Administration. The first set of revisions received in 2004 increased the 1990 supply by 5% for coal, 2% for natural gas and 0.7% for oil compared to the previous data. This led to an increase of 2.5% in 1990 CO2 emissions calculated using the Reference Approach while the Sectoral Approach remained fairly constant. For the 2006 edition, the IEA received revisions to the coal and oil data which had a significant impact on both the energy data and the CO2 emissions. The most significant revisions occurred for coke oven coke, naphtha, blast furnace gas and petroleum coke. These revisions affected consumption rather than supply in the years concerned. As a result, the Sectoral Approach CO2 emissions increased for all the years, however at different rates. For example, the Sectoral Approach CO2 emissions for 1990 were 4.6% higher than those calculated for the 2005 edition, while the 2003 emissions were 1.1% higher than those of the previous edition. Due to the impact these successive revisions have had on the final energy balance, as well as on CO2 emissions, the IEA was in close contact with the Japanese Administration to better understand the reasons behind these changes. These changes were mainly due to the Government of Japan's efforts to improve the input-output balances in the production of oil products and coal products in response to inquiries from the UNFCCC Secretariat. To cope with this issue, the Japanese Administration established a working group in March 2004. The working group completed its work in April 2006. Many of its conclusions were incorporated in the 2006 edition, but some further revisions to the time series (especially in industry and other) were submitted for the 2007 edition.

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Starting in 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis (e.g. April 2009 to March 2010 for 2009). From 1982, residential use of coke oven coke is included in commercial/public services sector. Oxygen steel furnace gas data are available from 1982. The inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces, as well as the final consumption of coke oven coke in iron and steel, have been estimated by the IEA Secretariat starting in 1990. From 1998, inputs of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas into autoproducer electricity plants include the amount used to produce electricity with TRT technology (Top pressure Recovery Turbines) which was previously included in industry. Statistical differences in hard coal since 2004 are primarily due to a stock build by final consumers. Coal injected in blast furnaces (PCI) is classified as coking coal in order to be consistent with Japanese trade statistics. With the 2008 edition, Japan has reclassified part of the coal inputs to coke ovens as inputs to blast furnaces. Asymmetric statistical differences in hard coal since 2004 are primarily due to deliberate stock builds by final consumers. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Korea Data are available from 1971. Data for 2002 onwards have been reported on a different basis, causing breaks in series between 2001 and 2002, especially for inputs and outputs to electricity generation and consumption in the iron and steel industry. The Korean Administration is planning to revise the historical series as time and resources permit. Data for coal and coal products from 1971 to 2001 are based on information provided by the Korean Administration, as well as information from the Yearbook of Energy Statistics 2002, the Yearbook of Coal Statistics 2001 (both from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy), and Statistics of Electric Power in Korea 2001 (from the Korea Electric Power Corporation). Data on sub-bituminous coal were estimated by the IEA Secretariat based on statistics of the exporting countries. Consumption of imported coke oven coke starting in 2002 is reported under nonspecified industry. Consumption of manufactured

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.25

gases in the iron and steel industry starting in 2002 includes the consumption in blast furnaces, oxygen steel furnaces and other iron and steel processing plants. Blast furnace gas used for energy purposes in blast furnaces prior to 2007 are reported in the iron and steel industry. Coal tar production prior to 2007 is not available at this time.

Coal exports consist of re-exported volumes after blending.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Where data refer to the fiscal year, April 2009 to March 2010 is shown as 2009. In the 2011 edition, the New Zealand Administration has revised some of the coal, natural gas, oil, renewable and electricity time series back to 1990.

Luxembourg Steel production from blast furnaces ceased at the end of 1997. For the 2011 edition, the Luxembourgian Administration revised the time series from 2000 for most coal and coal products. Time series for brown coal briquettes consumption were revised from 1990. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Mexico Data are available starting in 1971 and are partly estimated based on the publication Balance Nacional Energía. The Mexican Administration submitted data directly by questionnaire for the first time with 1992 data. As a result, some breaks in time series may occur between 1991 and 1992. In the 2011 edition, the Mexican Administration revised selected historical data. The time series for blast furnace gas and inputs of coke oven coke to blast furnaces starts in 1991. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Netherlands In the national statistical system of the Netherlands, use of fuel in manufacturing industries for CHP production is considered to be consumption in the transformation sector. However, in IEA statistics, this own use for heat production (autoproduced heat) is reported under the relevant industry sub-sector, based on estimates provided by the Central Bureau of Statistics. For 1984 to 1986, production from other sources of other bituminous coal represents a stock of "smalls" washed for re-use. Prior to 1989, non-energy use is included with industry consumption. Paper, pulp and print includes furniture.

Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

New Zealand

A reorganisation of government departments during 1987 leading to cessation of certain data series has resulted in several breaks in time series between 1987 and 1988. Production of gas works gas ceased in 1988. Peat, although produced in New Zealand, is not used as a fuel. It is used for agricultural purposes only. In final consumption, some industry data are reported in nonspecified industry for confidentiality reasons. Construction is included with commercial/public services. Prior to 2009, mining and quarrying is included in agriculture. Sub-bituminous coal inputs into autoproducer CHP refers to coal that is merged with iron sands and limestone to form the inputs for the multihearth-furnaces, kilns and melters to produce direct reduced iron (Glenbrook Steel Site), with off-gases and supplemental and natural gas driving the CHP plants. This method, while not a typical iron and steel process, produces similar by-products. The subbituminous coal inputs are reported under coke ovens and the resulting off-gases are reported as production of coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. Some transformation efficiencies will appear higher than normal due to non-reporting of certain inputs including some confidential data. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Norway Production of coking coal, coke oven coke and coke oven gas ceased in the late 1980s. Other bituminous coal includes lignite. The decrease of bituminous coal production in 2005 is due to a fire in one of the coal mines; this entailed a break in the production for a large part of the year. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

Poland For the 2011 edition, the Polish Administration has revised the time series for blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and other bituminous coal from 2001 to 2007. Time series for coke oven coke were revised for the years 1990 to 2001. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Portugal Since 1998, sub-bituminous coal is not used. As of 2002, gas works gas in the commercial/public services and residential sectors was replaced by natural gas. The production of pig iron ceased in the first quarter of 2001, leading to decreases in supply and consumption of coking coal, coke oven coke, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas in 2001. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

Slovak Republic Data are available starting in 1971. There are some breaks in time series between 1992 and 1993. A new survey system in 2001 led to major breaks in series for most products. Commercial/public services includes national statistical differences for other bituminous coal, lignite, patent fuel, coke oven coke and BKB. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Slovenia Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries in Former Yugoslavia. A new energy data collection system was implemented in January 2001, causing some breaks in time series between 1999 and 2000. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Spain Other bituminous coal use in the iron and steel industry ceased in 1991 and started again in 1996. Consumption of BKB also ended in 1991. Consumption of

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

blast furnace gas in the chemical industry stopped in 1994, while chemical industry use of coke oven gas ceased between 1994 and 2000. Natural gas inputs into gas works gas stopped in 1999. Lignite mining was halted indefinitely in 2008. For 1999-2003, anthracite is included in other bituminous coal. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Sweden Other bituminous coal production is coal recovered during the quarrying of clay. Autoproducer inputs to waste heat production that is sold are reported in the respective final consumption sectors and not in transformation. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Switzerland From 1999, data on consumption result from a new survey and are not comparable with data of previous years. From 1985, industrial consumption of gas works gas is reported in non-specified industry to prevent the disclosure of commercially confidential data. Allocation of consumption data between certain coal types is estimated by the Swiss Administration, as are calorific values. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

Turkey Production of gas works gas declined in 1989 due to plant closures; the last plant closed in 1994. Use of gas coke and gas works gas ceased in 1994. Due to government regulations in industry and residential, in particular, there has been a shift from the use of domestically produced coal to imported coal and natural gas. The privatisation of state owned coke ovens in recent years results in incomplete information on coke oven gas distribution. Data for 2008 are provided from the results of an improved questionnaire. Therefore, significant changes occur in consumption patterns within the iron and steel industry, coal mining as well as across industry, residential and commercial/ public services for other bituminous coal. Some coal used in cement kilns is reported under construction instead of non-metallic minerals in 2008 and 2009. Historical data may be revised in future issues. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.27

United Kingdom Consumption shown for the commercial/public services includes consumption of some of non-specified other. Prior to 1994, the consumption of substitute natural gas is included with natural gas, while its production is included with gas works gas. Sub-bituminous coal is included in brown coal.

United States Due to problems in reporting, there are numerous breaks in series for the US data, particularly in 1992, 1999, 2001 and 2002. Care should be taken when

evaluating consumption by sector since inputs of fuel to autoproducers are included in final consumption for some years. No data are available for most energy products in the construction and mining and quarrying industries. In 2002, the United States reported “synfuel” production as patent fuel for the first time. Prior to 2002, the consumption of this fuel was reported with other bituminous coal. Production ceased in 2007 for economic reasons. Since the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the US Department of Commerce do not collect separate data on patent fuel exports by country, total exports of patent fuel are included in the exports of other bituminous coal. Coal tar as a by-product of coke ovens is not currently reported. Sub-bituminous coal is included in steam coal.

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COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.29

5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Australia excludes the overseas territories. Denmark excludes the Danish Faroes and Greenland. France includes Monaco, but excludes the following overseas departments and territories: Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Reunion, and St.-Pierre and Miquelon. Germany includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Italy includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan includes Okinawa. The Netherlands excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Portugal includes the Açores and Madeira. Spain includes the Canary Islands. Switzerland does not include Liechtenstein. United States includes 50 States and the District of Columbia. OECD Total comprises Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia1, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,

1. Estonia and Slovenia are included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia in the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries.

Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia1, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States, With the exception of Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico, and Slovenia, all 34 OECD member countries are also member countries of the IEA. IEA regional totals include only IEA Member countries and, therefore, exclude non-IEA Members shown in italics below. The following countries are included in the regional aggregates. OECD Total is the sum of the three regional aggregates. OECD Americas comprises Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States. OECD Europe comprises Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. OECD Asia Oceania comprises Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. The European Union - 27 (EU-27) includes Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Please note that in the interest of having comparable data, all these countries are included since 1990 despite different entry dates into the European Union. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia includes Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus2, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia3, Former Soviet Union4, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Former Yugoslavia4. Africa includes Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana (from 1981), Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia (from 1991), Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Other Africa. Other Africa includes Botswana (until 1980), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia (until 1990), Niger, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Uganda and Western Sahara (from 1990). Latin America includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and Other Latin America.

Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico5 (for natural gas and electricity), St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Asia includes Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia (from 1995), Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, DPR of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia (from 1985), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Other Asia. Other Asia includes Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cambodia (until 1994), Cook Islands, East Timor, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Laos, Macau, Maldives, Mongolia (until 1984), New Caledonia, Palau (from 1994), Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. China includes the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong (China). Former Soviet Union4 includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Middle East includes Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Please note that the following countries have not been considered due to lack of data:

Other Latin America includes Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe,

• Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia: Liechtenstein6 (except for oil data), Montenegro7 (after 2004), and Kosovo (after 1999); • Africa: Saint Helena; • America: Anguilla; and • Asia and Oceania: Christmas Island, Nauru and Niue.

2. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 3. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999. 4. Data is shown only under Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia until 1989. After 1990, data is shown by country only.

5. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics for Puerto Rico are included under the United States. 6. Oil data for Liechtenstein are included under Switzerland. 7. Data for Montenegro are included under Serbia until 2004.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.31

6. ABBREVIATIONS, CONVERSION FACTORS AND CALORIFIC VALUES Units and technical abbreviations t kt Mt toe Mtoe tce Mtce kcal MBtu GWh USD

: : : : : : : : : : :

metric ton = tonne = 1000 kg thousand tonnes million tonnes tonne of oil equivalent million tonnes of oil equivalent tonne of coal equivalent (= 0.7 toe) million tonnes of coal equivalent kilocalories (103 calories) million British thermal units million kilowatt hours US dollars

CIF FAS FOB GDP GCV PCI TPES

: : : : : : :

cost, insurance and freight free alongside ship free on board Gross Domestic Product gross calorific value coals for pulverised injection Total primary energy supply

EU FSU OECD UN

: : : :

European Union Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/Soviet Union Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Nations

0 or 0.0 : negligible c e .. x

: : : : :

confidential estimated not available nil not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

General conversion factors for energy TJ

To:

Gcal

Mtoe

MBtu

GWh

947.8

0.2778

3.968

1.163 x 10-3

3.968 x 107

11630

1

2.931 x 10-4

3412

1

st

lb

multiply by:

From: TJ

1

2.388 x 10-5

238.8 -3

Gcal

4.1868 x 10

Mtoe

4.1868 x 104

MBtu

1.0551 x 10

-3

GWh

3.6

-7

1

10

107

1 -8

0.252

2.52 x 10

860

8.6 x 10-5

Conversion factors for mass kg

To:

t

lt

From:

multiply by: 1

0.001

9.84 x 10-4

1.102 x 10-3

2.2046

tonne (t)

1000

1

0.984

1.1023

2204.6

long ton (lt)

1016

1.016

1

1.120

2240.0

short ton (st)

907.2

0.9072

kilogramme (kg)

pound (lb)

0.454

4.54 x 10

0.893 -4

1

4.46 x 10

-4

2000.0

5.0 x 10

-4

1

Conversion factors for volume gal U.S.

To:

gal U.K.

bbl

From:

ft3

l

m3

multiply by:

U.S. gallon (gal)

1

0.8327

0.02381

0.1337

3.785

0.0038

U.K. gallon (gal)

1.201

1

0.02859

0.1605

4.546

0.0045

Barrel (bbl)

42.0

34.97

1

5.615

159.0

0.159

7.48

6.229

0.1781

1

28.3

0.0283

0.2642

0.220

0.0063

0.0353

1

0.001

264.2

220.0

6.289

35.3147

1000.0

1

3

Cubic foot (ft ) Litre (l) 3

Cubic metre (m )

Decimal prefixes 101 10

2

10

3

10

6

10

9

10

12

10

15

10

18

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E)

10-1

deci (d)

10

-2

centi (c)

10

-3

milli (m)

10

-6

micro (µ)

10

-9

nano (n)

10

-12

pico (p)

10

-15

femto (f)

10

-18

atto (a)

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I - I.33

2009 COUNTRY SPECIFIC AVERAGE NET CALORIFIC VALUES [MJ/t] Anthracite

Australia

Coking coal

SubOther bituminous bituminous coal coal

Lignite

Peat

Patent fuels

Coke oven coke

Coal tar

BKB

0

28500

28794

20857

9310

0

0

25650

35714

21951

Austria

32363

29073

28067

22200

9003

8800

31003

29000

41800

19303

Belgium

25184

29308

25781

0

8370

0

29308

27696

0

20097

Canada

27700

26905

30134

19150

15000

0

0

27389

0

0

0

28638

21851

0

0

0

0

28645

41366

0

Chile Czech Republic

30000

28268

23005

0

12573

0

0

27955

37161

22318

Denmark

0

0

24645

0

0

0

0

29300

0

18300

Estonia

0

0

27160

0

8998

10383

0

28500

0

16000

Finland

0

29300

24600

0

0

10200

0

29300

37000

0

France

0

30500

26000

0

17000

0

32000

28000

38000

0

28958

29000

25901

0

9000

0

31400

28650

0

21037

Greece

Germany

0

0

26000

0

5276

0

0

30356

0

0

Hungary

0

31430

25070

16271

7244

0

0

29687

38000

20269

Iceland

0

28050

28050

0

0

0

0

26670

0

0

Ireland

27842

0

27838

0

19820

8824

0

0

0

18548

Israel

0

0

25146

0

2931

0

0

0

0

0

Italy

0

30984

26587

18832

10468

0

0

29000

0

0

Japan

26362

28130

24801

0

0

0

0

29400

35393

0

Korea

23625

28261

24911

20934

0

0

19259

29308

37000

0

Luxembourg

26700

0

29300

0

0

0

0

28500

0

20100

Mexico

0

23483

23483

19405

14100

0

0

26521

0

0

29300

28671

24789

0

20000

0

0

28500

41900

0

New Zealand

0

29420

28230

20610

13380

0

0

29500

0

0

Norway

0

0

28100

0

0

0

0

28500

0

0

Poland

0

29589

22661

0

8930

0

23191

27231

37499

17487

Netherlands

Portugal

30464

0

25579

0

0

0

0

29229

0

0

Slovak Republic

27183

29250

26766

0

11373

0

28000

28124

0

23827

0

0

23896

18857

11097

0

0

29498

0

0

19352

28600

22390

10023

0

0

0

30139

38519

0

Slovenia Spain Sweden

0

30000

27400

0

0

12668

0

28080

0

0

28100

0

28100

0

20100

0

0

28100

0

0

Turkey

0

27419

25481

18833

8660

0

0

27914

0

0

United Kingdom

0

28967

25060

0

0

0

30970

28310

38519

0

28800

29707

26775

19015

13898

0

0

28842

0

0

Switzerland

United States

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

I.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART I

Coal classification The IEA collects statistics on coal production, trade and consumption according to a technically precise classification based on the quality of coal as follows: • Coking coal is coal with a quality that allows the production of coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge;

• Other bituminous coal and anthracite are non-agglomerating coals with a gross calorific value not less than 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) on an ash-free but moist basis;

• Sub-bituminous coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value between 23 865 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) and 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis; and • Lignite/brown coal is a non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 17 435 kJ/kg (4 165 kcal/kg) and greater than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter-free basis. Oil shale combusted directly is reported in this category.

However, when publishing these data, the IEA adopts a simplified classification of hard coal and brown coal. The correspondence is as follows: • Hard coal: this is the sum of coking coal and steam coal; • Coking coal is reported in the category coking coal;

• Other bituminous coal and anthracite are reported in the category steam coal;

• Sub-bituminous coal is reported in the category brown coal except for: Australia, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, and the United States where it is included in steam coal (because of its relatively high calorific value); and • Lignite is reported in the category brown coal.

The term “Total Coal” refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question (the conversion factors are submitted by national administrations to the IEA Secretariat each year) by the total volume of hard and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. One tce has an energy content of 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7 000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe).

Defining coal consumption Energy statistics are compiled and presented to take account of the complexity in the way fuels are used and to avoid double counting. Misunderstandings can arise when statistics on coal consumption are used because of the particular terminology used by energy statisticians. Coal is used in four possible ways:

• As a primary input to produce electricity or a secondary/tertiary fuel that is used elsewhere or sold - this is referred to as use in transformation processes; e.g. coking coal used to produce coke in a coke oven, steam coal used to produce electricity. • As a fuel used to support (but not used in) a transformation process - this is referred to as energy industry own use; e.g. coke oven gas used to heat the coke oven, steam coal used to operate the power plant. • As a fuel consumed in manufacturing industry, mining and construction, in transport, in agriculture, in commercial and public services and in households - this is referred to as use in the final consumption sectors; e.g. steam coal used to produce heat in cement kilns, steam coal used to produce industrial process steam. • As a raw material - this is referred to as non-energy use; e.g. coal used to produce carbon electrodes for the aluminium industry.

In the wider community, the term “consumption” is commonly understood to include all four of the above enduses. However, in this book the term “consumption” refers only to use in the final consumption sectors (i.e. in the third item above).

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COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.1

PART II WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.3

WORLD COAL MARKET REVIEW SUMMARY In 2010, total global coal production increased by 6.0% to 7 228.7 Mt (Table II.1), making it the 11th year in a row of the growth. With 1999 being the last year when production declined, global coal production in 2010 was 61% higher than in 1999. This was driven almost entirely by growth in hard coal production which was 73% higher than in 1999. However, there has been a divergence of coal production patterns between OECD and non-OECD economies in recent years. The OECD countries had a combined growth rate for 2010 of 0.6%, while the non-OECD countries grew by 8.2%. Gross electricity production in 2010 in the OECD (including generation from pumped storage plants) was 10 841.5 TWh, an increase of 3.6%, following the economic crisis of 2009. Coal and peat used to generate electricity in OECD countries increased by 3.2% to 3 734.8 TWh. With the rebound from the economic crisis in 2009, coking coal use also grew, as it was used more in the iron and steel industry. As a consequence, coking coal consumption increased in the OECD region by 23.3 Mt to 183.9 Mt. (Part III Table 2.2). The People’s Republic of China continues to drive much of the world coal markets as:

• hard coal consumption grew by 15.1% or 435.4 Mt;

• total coal production grew by 9.2% or 266.8 Mt; and

• hard coal imports rose by 40.7% or 51.2 Mt.

Total global coal consumption increased by 10.8% or 510 Mtce in 2010 (Table II.5). The OECD region

accounted for 87.1 Mtce of that growth. Although they increased their coal consumption by 5.9%, they still had less than a 30% share of total worldwide coal. Global coal exports grew by 127.7 Mt in 2010 (Table II.7). Of this total, hard coal exports increased by 90.1 Mt (10.4%) in 2010, while brown coal exports increased by 37.6 Mt (41.6%). (It should be noted that because of differences in coal classification by trading partners, difficulties in assigning trade to specific destinations, and because trade is not instantaneous, import volumes do not exactly match export volumes.) Steam coal export prices began to recover in 2010, as the FOB prices of most of the exporting countries rose. For example, South Africa’s prices rose 49.6% compared to 2009, as did Colombia (32.7%), Indonesia (28.4%) and Australia (7.2%). Regarding CO2 emissions in 2008, coal remains the largest source of world CO2 emissions at 12.6 Gt. In fact, coal emissions are 1.73 Gt greater than those from oil and more than twice those of natural gas. Once more, coal-related emissions increased in the non-OECD countries (510.2Mt), while OECD coal emission declined by 146.8 Mt (Figure II.6).

PRODUCTION Total world coal supply Total world coal production (hard and brown coal) reached a record level of 7 228.7 Mt in 2010, increasing by 6.0% over 2009 (Table II.1). This is an average annual growth rate of 4.5% since 1999. China was the leading producer, with 3 162.2 Mt of total coal production, followed by the United States (997.1 Mt), India (570.7 Mt) and Australia (420.3 Mt). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.4 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Table II.1 Total world coal production* [Mt] Hard coal Brown coal

2008 5 688.4 1 040.6

2009 5 789.7 1 033.0

2010e 6 185.8 1 042.9

Total

6 729.0

6 822.7

7 228.7

* Production includes recovered slurries.

Hard coal production In 2010, world hard coal production increased by 6.8%, compared to 1.8% in 2009, and was the 11th straight year of increased production. It continued to be driven by growth in production from the nonOECD countries with 8.4% (or 364.9 Mt) growth in 2010. Among the major producing non-OECD countries, production increased in the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, India, South Africa, Colombia, and Vietnam (Table II.2). OECD hard coal production was 1 467.0 Mt in 2010, 2.2% higher than the 2009 level, but still below the level reached in 2005. Australia had the largest increase in OECD hard coal production with an increase of 18.4 Mt, with the United States (10.5 Mt) and Canada (5.7 Mt) also contributing to the rise in production in 2010. Table II.2 Major Hard Coal Producers* [Mt] PR of China United States India Australia South Africa Russian Federation Indonesia Kazakhstan Poland Colombia Ukraine Vietnam Canada DPR of Korea United Kingdom Other Total

2008 2 734.4 1 007.2 488.6 325.4 252.2 222.4

2009 2 895.3 921.8 528.4 334.6 250.6 207.0

2010e 3 162.2 932.3 537.6 353.0 254.7 247.9

128.6 106.3 84.3 73.5 59.5 38.8 32.8 25.1 18.1 91.1

150.3 95.8 78.1 72.8 55.0 43.7 28.0 24.6 17.9 85.9

173.5 105.2 76.7 74.4 54.4 44.7 33.7 24.6 18.2 92.8

5 688.4

5 789.7

6 185.8

* Production includes recovered slurries. See Table 1.1 in Part III for historic data on selected countries.

In 1978, the OECD accounted for about 45% of the world hard coal production. However, since then its share has declined as a general trend as more nonOECD countries have increased their hard coal production. While OECD production increased throughout the ’70s and ’80s, its share of world production dropped from 47.7% in 1980 to below 40% in 1993 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

and by 2010 it had declined to 23.7%. In recent years, this was largely due to the prodigious expansion of the Chinese coal industry since 2001. The largest OECD hard coal-producing region is OECD Americas, with two-thirds of the OECD production. Nearly one quarter of the OECD production is in the Asia Oceania region and the remaining 9% is in the OECD Europe region. Hard coal production in the non-OECD countries increased by 8.4% to 4 718.9 Mt in 2010. However, over 99% of the non-OECD hard coal production is accounted for by the 10 largest producing countries. The People’s Republic of China now accounts for 51.1% of world hard coal production and 67.0% of non-OECD production. In 2010, its production reached 3 162.2 Mt, an increase of 266.8 Mt (9.2%) above its 2009 level. In 2010, its growth in hard coal production accounted for just over two-thirds of the total increase in world hard coal production. (It should be noted that the IEA Secretariat currently incorporates lignite and sub-bituminous coals in hard coal figures for the People’s Republic of China while it is in the process of determining accurate figures with Chinese counterparts.) Hard coal production in the People’s Republic of China has experienced a remarkable recovery since the late 1990s when the government instituted a series of company consolidations and mine closures. Their production has increased by more than 150% since 2000, which allowed the country to meet the fast growing demand for coal to generate electricity and make steel. However, as a major coal exporter, the People’s Republic of China moved from the second largest hard coal exporter in 2001 to be 10th in the world in 2010. When also taking into account that the People’s Republic of China was the second largest coal-importing country in 2010, their trade balance moved from net exports of 5.0 Mt in 2008, to net imports of 156.9 Mt in 2010. Their imports grew dramatically from 40.3 Mt to 177.0 Mt (Table II.9), while exports were more than cut in half from 45.3 Mt to 20.1 Mt (Table II.8) over this two-year period. India is the second largest non-OECD hard coal producer and third in the world. India hard coal production increased by 1.7% to 537.6 Mt and follows an 8.2% increase in 2009. Although it dominates South Asian production, it contains a very high ash quotient and is almost exclusively consumed domestically. Indonesia was the 7th largest hard coal producer in 2010 with coal production reaching 173.5 Mt, up

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.5

15.4% from its 2009 level. Indonesia is also the second largest hard coal exporter worldwide behind Australia and the largest exporter of steam coal, surpassing Australia in 2006.

Coal resources and reserves

Brown coal production

Coal reserve estimates

Worldwide brown coal production rose by 1.0% to 1 042.9 Mt in 2010 (Table II.3), reaching a level not seen since 1991. OECD brown coal production declined for the 3rd straight year and is at the lowest level recorded since 1974, dropping to 598.5 Mt. On the other hand, non-OECD brown coal production rose to a record level of 444.3 Mt in 2010, led by Indonesia, who accounted for over three-quarters of the total increase.

In its most recent study, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) estimates the current proved recoverable global coal reserves at 1 000.5 billion tonnes (Table II.4), which was an increase of 3.3 billion tons from 2009. The 2009 proved recoverable reserves represent over 138 years of production at current levels, down from 144 years estimated last year.

Table II.3 Major Brown Coal Producers* [Mt]

An estimate published by the World Energy Council (WEC) in 1978 set proved coal reserves at 636.4 billion tonnes. Thus, world proved coal reserves are 57% larger than they were 32 years before. This is even though production from 1978 to 2010 was 159.2 billion tonnes. It is also important to note that world hard coal total resources are estimated to be 14.5 trillion tonnes or over 14 times proved reserves.1

Germany Indonesia Russian Federation Turkey Australia United States Greece Poland Czech Republic Serbia Canada India Romania Bulgaria Thailand Other Total

2008 175.3 120.1 82.5 76.8 66.0 68.7 65.7 59.7 47.5 38.7 34.9 32.4 35.9 29.0 18.0 89.3 1 040.6

2009 169.9 140.9 69.0 76.6 68.3 65.8 64.9 57.1 45.4 38.5 35.0 34.1 34.0 27.1 17.8 88.7 1 033.0

2010e 169.4 162.6 76.0 69.0 67.2 64.8 56.5 56.5 43.9 37.3 34.2 33.1 30.8 29.3 18.5 93.8 1 042.9

Following its 1989 peak, world brown coal production declined steadily until 1999, largely as a result of contractions of demand and supply in central and Eastern Europe. Production stabilised from 2000 onwards, mainly as a result of an increased use for electricity

generation in countries such as Germany, Greece, Serbia, Indonesia, Romania, India and Canada.

Another estimate published by the WEC on reserves at the end of 2002 set proved coal reserves at 909.1 billion tonnes. Even though it is difficult to compare the estimates from two different sources, the increase observed between the end-2002 coal reserves and the 2009 coal reserves suggests that, as the prices increased, a part of the resources were reallocated to recoverable reserves as they became economical to mine.

1 Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hanover, Germany 2010.

Table II.4 Proved Recoverable Reserves in 2009 and 2010 Production [Mt] Region OECD Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Total Transition Economies of which: Russian Federation People's Republic of China Asia excluding China of which: India Latin America of which: Colombia Africa and Middle East World

Proved Recoverable Reserves 2009 Hard Coal Soft Brown Coal Total 16 601 55 201 71 802 233 381 33 138 266 519 45 296 43 860 89 156 295 278 132 199 427 477 123 810 108 039 231 849 68 655 91 350 160 005 180 600 11 000 191 600 83 338 21 209 104 547 72 009 4 895 76 904 8 298 5 073 13 371 5 298 5 298 31 504 9 31 513 723 009

277 529

Production 2010 Hard Coal Brown Coal 130.3 431.5 976.6 99.0 360.2 68.0 1 467.0 598.5 408.3 200.7 247.9 76.0 3 162.2 0.0 804.1 238.0 537.6 33.1 83.6 5.6 74.4 0.0 260.6 0.0

1 000 538

6 185.8

1 042.9

Total 562.2 1 075.6 428.1 2 066.0 609.0 323.9 3 162.2 1 042.1 570.7 89.3 74.4 260.6 7 228.7

Sources: Reserves - Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) www.bgr.bund.de Production - International Energy Agency, Coal Information 2011

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II.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Geographic location of proved coal reserves Although coal resources are widely distributed around the world2, proved coal reserves tend to be concentrated in the countries which rely on coal for domestic energy or export revenue. OECD Americas and the Transition Economy countries controlled 26.6% and 23.2% of the proved total coal reserves, respectively. The People’s Republic of China accounts for 19.1% of proved reserves and 10.4% are in Asia (excluding the People’s Republic of China). Thus, almost 80% of proved coal reserves are concentrated in just four regions. Looking at hard coal reserves, OECD Americas contains 32.3% of world reserves and the same four regions contain 85.9% of all coal reserves.

CONSUMPTION Total coal consumption In 2010, 76.9% of world consumption of coal was accounted for by just five countries: the People’s Republic of China, the United States, India, the Russian Federation and Japan (Table II.5). This is an increase from 75.5% in 2009. If a second set of five countries is added to this list – South Africa, Germany, Korea, Poland and Australia, then 86.7% of the world coal consumption is accounted for.

OECD consumption As OECD rebounded from the economic crisis in 2009, so did their coal consumption. OECD coal consumption increased by 5.9% in 2010 and reached 1 558.7 Mtce3, accounting for 29.8% of global coal consumption. The United States, the largest OECD coal consumer, increased its coal consumption by 5.7% to 733.0 Mtce above its 2009 level. In OECD Europe, coal consumption is estimated to have reached 419.3 Mtce in 2010, a 4.8% increase from the level of consumption in 2009. The largest increases in consumption were 9.0 Mtce in Poland, followed by

Germany (5.5 Mtce) and Turkey (4.9 Mtce). Total coal consumption in the OECD Asia Oceania was 353.4 Mtce, an increase of 8.3% from 2009. This was driven by Japan, where coal consumption increased by 19.8 Mtce, and Korea (10.4 Mtce). Table II.5 Total Coal Consumption [Mtce] (Selected Countries) 2008

2009

2010E

778.3 162.9 112.4 89.0 84.8 79.1 42.0 50.8 38.6 28.2 23.5 18.1 9.7 19.8 11.3 11.9 11.1 4.4 6.2 45.0

693.6 145.0 100.1 92.4 77.6 78.4 42.4 42.6 33.0 24.8 18.5 15.1 11.2 13.7 10.5 12.0 10.6 4.7 5.2 40.2

733.0 164.8 105.6 102.8 86.6 75.6 47.3 44.4 32.2 24.7 20.1 16.1 12.6 11.7 10.6 10.4 10.2 6.0 5.9 38.1

Non-OECD Countries PR of China India Russian Federation South Africa Chinese Taipei Ukraine Kazakhstan Indonesia Thailand DPR of Korea Brazil Vietnam Malaysia Philippines Serbia Bulgaria Romania Hong Kong (China) Other Non-OECD

2030.0 368.1 169.8 150.7 57 58 49.1 36.8 22 24.3 18.1 16.7 13.6 9.8 11.8 10.6 12.7 10 46.6

2187.2 405.6 137.3 140.5 54.4 51.6 44.5 43.6 21.3 23.4 15.2 17.9 15.1 8.3 10.8 9.1 10 10.9 46.3

2516.7 433.8 176.9 141.2 60.2 53.3 48.8 38.4 22.7 22.1 20.3 18.6 16.3 13.5 10.2 9.6 9.3 9.1 54.7

European Union Total IEA Total OECD Total Non-OECD

437.4 1593.0 1627.1 3115.7

382.7 1438.3 1471.6 3253.0

397.9 1522.4 1558.7 3675.7

World

4742.9

4724.6

5234.4

OECD Countries United States Japan Germany Korea Poland Australia Turkey United Kingdom Canada Czech Republic Italy France Mexico Spain Netherlands Greece Israel Finland Chile Other OECD

See Tables 2.1 and 2.4 in Part III for historical data.

2. The range of definitions of coal resources and reserves and an overview of the national classification systems is provided in an Appendix to Major Coalfields of the World, IEA Coal Research, London, June 2000. 3. Total coal, discussed in this section, refers to the sum of hard coal and brown coal, converted to a common energy unit, million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce).

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The term Total Coal refers to the sum of Hard Coal and Brown Coal after conversion to a common energy unit (tonne of coal equivalent - tce). The conversion is done by multiplying the calorific value of the coal in question by the total volume of hard coal and brown coal used, measured in physical units, i.e. in tonnes. The energy content of one tonne of coal equivalent is 29.3 Gigajoules (GJ) or 7000 kcal and corresponds to 0.7 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Consumption refers to Total Primary Energy Supply.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.7

Non-OECD consumption Total coal consumption in the non-OECD countries continued its strong growth, increasing by 13.0% to 3 675.7 Mtce. This was mainly due to the People’s Republic of China, which strengthened its position as the largest coal-consuming country in 2010. Consumption was up in China by 15.1%, following an increase of 7.7% in 2009. China, therefore, consumed 2 516.7 Mtce of coal or 48.1% of total world coal consumption. Consumption also increased in other major coal consuming countries, including India (7.0%), the Russian Federation (28.8%), and Chinese Taipei (10.7%).

Steam coal consumption World steam coal consumption was up 11.0% in 2010, to 5 437.3 Mt (Table 2.3, Part III). Steam coal consumption in the OECD countries increased by 5.5% in 2010, to 1 462.1 Mt. Viewed on a regional basis, steam coal consumption increased by 4.5% in OECD Americas, 6.6% in OECD Europe, and 7.5% in OECD Asia Oceania. The countries with the largest increases in 2010 were: the United States (37.0 Mt), Japan (17.4 Mt), Germany (6.9 Mt), Turkey (6.4 Mt), Poland (6.4 Mt) and Korea (5.8 Mt). Non-OECD steam coal consumption increased by 13.2% to 3 975.2 Mt. Steam coal consumption increased in several of the major non-OECD consumer countries led by the People’s Republic of China, increasing consumption from 2 445.2 Mt in 2009 to 2 816.4 Mt in 2010. In addition, the Russian Federation (30.7 Mt) and India (25.5 Mt) also had relatively large increases in their steam coal consumption in 2010.

Coking coal consumption Coking coal consumption in the OECD (Table 2.2, Part III) increased significantly, by 14.5% to 183.9 Mt in 2010, as demand for steel began to recover. However, it was still 6.4% below the pre-economic crisis level of 2008. Despite some recent growth in 2004, 2006 and 2007, coking coal consumption has generally been declining in the OECD since the mid-1980s. Several factors have combined to weaken coking coal consumption. First, this is due to the growing use of pulverised coal injection (PCI) and heavy fuel oil injection into blast furnaces. Coal used for PCI is generally of steam coal quality, so steam coal is displacing coking coal as a carbon source. Second, the steel

industries in the OECD countries are experiencing technological evolution where traditional integrated steel production, which relies on coke oven coke, is losing ground to electric arc furnace technology, which does not require coke. Third, there has been a general migration of integrated steel manufacturing from the OECD to the non-OECD countries. World consumption of coking coal in 2010 is estimated to have increased by 15.5% to 879.5 Mt. In 2010, the People’s Republic of China accounted for 57.2% of global coking coal consumption down from 57.6% in 2009. The next five major coking coal consumers are: India, the Russian Federation, Japan, Ukraine and Korea. Together they accounted for another 27.0% of world annual coking coal consumption. The OECD countries mostly used the coking coal to produce coke oven coke. In 2010, they produced 122.6 Mt of coke oven coke and consumed 124.4 Mt of coke oven coke (Tables 1.5 and 2.5, Part III). But the latest available data for 2009 shows that total PCI consumption declined from 2008 by 20.3%, as the world economic crisis affected this industry as well (Table II.6). (For comparison purposes, world coking coal consumption declined by 18.2% in 2009 compared to 2008.) The four top PCI consumers (Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation and India) accounted for 69.6% of all PCI consumption. But the largest declines occurred in Germany, Japan, France and the United States. Table II.6 PCI Used in Blast Furnaces (major consumers in thousand tonnes) Japan Korea Russian Federation India Germany France United States Netherlands Italy United Kingdom Chinese Taipei Australia Turkey Slovak Republic Colombia Sweden Spain Belgium Total

2008 9705 6663 3996 2493 3071 2046 1829 1353 887 961 1113 825 345 406 255 439 507 403

2009 8625 6123 3315 2615 1833 1036 1032 900 726 709 678 498 389 383 300 275 238 45

37 297

29 720

See Table 5.4 in Part III for other countries and historical data. World totals are Secretariat estimates. Includes granular coal injection for some countries.

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II.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

discrepancies between the export and import data of those countries.)

TRADE

Exports

World coal trade The trade of all types of coal in the world rose by 13.4% in 2010, reaching 1 083.1 Mt (Table II.7). This was composed of 955.1 Mt of hard coal exports and 128.0 Mt of brown coal exports. World hard coal trade grew by 10.4% (90.1 Mt) in 2010 and brown coal trade rose by 37.6 Mt, a 41.6% increase. Again, the large increase in both hard and brown coal trade was due to the worldwide recovery and the expanding intake of coal by the People’s Republic of China. Table II.7 World coal trade [Mt] Hard coal exports Brown coal exports Hard coal imports Brown coal imports Total exports Total imports Balancing item

2008 860.2 78.9 908.2 21.6 939.1 929.8 9.3

2009 865.0 90.4 915.4 15.6 955.4 931.0 24.4

2010e 955.1 128.0 1 048.1 15.2 1 083.1 1 063.3 19.8

Note: The balancing item is the difference between total coal imports and total coal exports. This is primarily due to the different coal classification methodologies used by the importing and exporting countries. It also occurs because of coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, and reporting discrepancies by importing and exporting countries.

The breakdown between coking, steam, and brown coal statistics in world coal trade is affected by the practice of some countries. For example, Australia includes some steam coal (soft or semi-soft coking coal, used for blending or as PCI) in their coking coal statistics. However, other countries include this trade in their steam coal import statistics. This results in a discrepancy between reported world coal imports and exports. It has also become an increasing problem of some countries classifying certain coal exports as subbituminous, while their trading partner is classifying those imports as bituminous coal. This also contributes to the growing divergence between world hard coal imports and exports statistics. (Note: Due to new information obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesian coking coal production in the 2011 edition has been reduced significantly resulting in changes to the export figures. The Japanese trade data have not been modified, so that they remain consistent with the Japanese reporting methodology. The new information from the Ministry also indicates a much larger portion of brown coal in production and exports than was previously reported. This causes larger INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Australia remains the world's leading hard coal exporter with total hard coal exports reaching 297.7 Mt in 2010, up 13.8%, after an increase of 3.8% in 2009 (Table II.8). Indonesia continues to show strong export growth with an increase of 8.4% to 161.9 Mt in 2010, and remains the second largest hard coal exporter in the world, as demand in the Asia-Pacific region grew by 21.4%. The Russian Federation’s exports of hard coal increased by 3.0% to 108.8 Mt in 2010, due to large increases in demand in the People’s Republic of China, and remained the world’s third largest hard coal exporter. Exports from the United States in 2010 rebounded to just above its 2008 level with 73.9 Mt. South African exports grew by 3.0% or 2.1 Mt in 2010 and Colombian coal exports increased by 2.5%, reaching 68.5 Mt in 2010. However, Colombia dropped to be the 6th-largest hard coal exporter in 2010. Table II.8 Major hard coal exporters [Mt] Australia Indonesia Russian Federation United States South Africa Colombia Canada Kazakhstan Vietnam PR of China Other

2008 252.2 128.0 97.5 73.7 57.9 67.8 31.5 32.0 19.4 45.3 54.9

2009 261.7 149.4 105.6 53.4 67.5 66.8 28.5 29.1 25.0 22.3 55.7

2010e 297.7 161.9 108.8 73.9 69.6 68.5 33.3 32.8 22.4 20.1 66.1

Total

860.2

865.0

955.1

Statistics for hard coal exports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.14 and 3.16.

The People’s Republic of China remained as the 10th largest hard coal exporter, exporting 20.1 Mt. This is less than half of the amount they exported in 2008 (45.3 Mt). Moreover, the People’s Republic of China imports almost nine times more than it exports.

Imports Total world hard coal imports which can be allocated were 1 048.1 Mt in 2010, a 14.5% increase over 2009 imports, as the world economic recovery took hold (Table II.9). The top seven ranked hard coal-importing countries in 2010 were, in order: Japan, the People’s Republic of

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.9

China, Korea, India, Chinese Taipei, Germany, and Turkey. Collectively, these seven accounted for almost all of the increase in world hard coal imports in 2010. The People’s Republic of China’s imports grew 40.6% to 177.0 Mt, while India’s imports grew by 23.0%. Table II.9 Major hard coal importers [Mt] Japan PR of China Korea India Chinese Taipei Germany Turkey United Kingdom Italy Netherlands Russian Federation Malaysia France United States Brazil Other OECD Total Non-OECD Total Asia Pacific Europe + Eurasia Africa + Mid. East North America Latin America

2008 184.4 40.3 99.6 59.0 58.0 45.4 19.5 43.9 25.1 21.2 31.0 18.1 21.3 30.9 15.3 195.2 603.3 304.9 503.7 307.4 24.2 46.5 26.5

2009 164.1 125.8 103.0 73.3 52.7 38.5 20.4 38.2 18.9 19.9 23.8 17.0 15.4 20.4 12.7 171.4 538.6 376.9 580.3 255.2 21.8 34.8 23.5

2010e 186.6 177.0 118.6 90.1 63.2 45.7 26.9 26.5 21.5 20.4 19.3 19.1 17.5 17.4 17.3 180.7 575.8 472.3 704.5 258.6 21.2 34.0 29.9

World

908.2

915.4

1048.1

Statistics for hard coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.5 and 3.7.

Steam coal trade Total world steam coal exports increased by 30.6 Mt or 4.7% in 2010 (Table II.10). Ranked in terms of change in tonnage, Indonesia, Australia, Kazakhstan, the United States, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Colombia, and Poland all experienced increases in their steam coal exports.

In 2010, Indonesia further increased their world steam coal market share from 22.5% to 23.3%. Australia, the Russian Federation, Colombia, and South Africa followed with respective shares of 20.9%, 13.9%, 10.0%, and 10.0%, as Australia and Indonesia both produced record exports. In 2010, steam coal imports in the Asia-Pacific market increased by 20.6%, or 91.2 Mt, to reach 534.5 Mt (Table II.11). Asia-Pacific imports represented 67.5% of total world steam coal trade in 2010, up from 62.2% in the previous year. This demonstrates that growth in the Asia-Pacific market has supported international steam coal trade in the recent past. Table II.11 Major steam coal importers [Mt] Japan PR of China Korea India Chinese Taipei Germany United Kingdom Turkey Russian Federation Malaysia Thailand Italy United States Netherlands France Other OECD Total Non-OECD Total Asia Pacific Europe + Eurasia Africa + Mid. East North America Latin America

2009 111.5 91.4 82.3 48.6 48.7 32.0 33.0 15.2 23.6 17.0 16.7 15.7 19.5 16.9 11.8 128.6 421.1 291.4 443.3 207.8 18.0 31.6 11.8

2010e 129.0 128.6 90.9 59.8 58.4 37.9 20.3 20.1 19.2 19.1 16.8 16.4 16.0 15.9 12.9 130.6 433.4 358.5 534.5 195.2 17.9 29.5 14.8

World

712.5

791.9

Statistics for steam coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.10, 3.12, 3.19 and 3.21.

Table II.10 Major steam coal exporters [Mt] Indonesia Australia Russian Federation Colombia South Africa Kazakhstan United States Vietnam PR of China Poland Other Total

2009 147.3 136.5 92.3 66.8 66.2 28.8 19.6 25.0 21.7 6.7 42.6 653.5

2010e 159.7 143.1 95.1 68.5 68.2 32.5 23.0 22.4 19.5 8.1 44.0 684.1

Statistics for steam coal exports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.10, 3.12, 3.19 and 3.21.

Japan remained the world's largest single market for steam coal imports, receiving 129.0 Mt in 2010, 17.5 Mt more than in 2009 (Table II.11). Just behind Japan, the People’s Republic of China’s steam coal imports grew by 40.7% to 128.6 Mt in 2010. Other major importers in the region were Korea (90.9 Mt – up 8.6 Mt), India (59.8 Mt – up 11.2 Mt), and Chinese Taipei (58.4 Mt – up 9.7 Mt). In 2010, the major steam coal suppliers to this AsiaPacific market were Indonesia, Australia, South Africa, Vietnam, the Russian Federation and Colombia. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Steam coal exports to the European market were 195.2 Mt in 2010, 6.1% lower than in 2009. This market now represents 24.6% of total world steam coal trade - down from 29.2% in 2009. Within the region, the major Europe/Eurasian importers were Germany (37.9 Mt), the United Kingdom (20.3 Mt), Turkey (20.1 Mt), the Russian Federation (19.2), Italy (16.4 Mt), the Netherlands (15.9 Mt), and France (12.9 Mt). The 2010 main steam coal suppliers to this market were the Russian Federation, Colombia, South Africa, Indonesia, the United States, Australia, and Poland. In North America, steam coal shipments decreased by 6.6% to 29.5 Mt in 2010. The largest supplier to the North American market is Colombia, followed by trade between Canada and the United States. In 2010, 8.2 Mt of steam coal were exported to Latin American countries, (56% of which went to Brazil). The largest suppliers to Latin America were Colombia, South Africa, Venezuela, and Australia. The estimated cost of steam coal imported by OECD countries rose slightly in 2010 to USD 99.55/t, as the economies began to emerge from the financial crisis of 2009. However, they were still 17.5% below the 2008 record level of USD 120.60/t. The average cost of steam coal imported into Japan was USD 110.40/t, a decrease of 0.6% in 2010 (Table 11.12 and Figure II.1). The cost of steam coal imported into the European Union averaged USD 104.13/t in 2010, 3.8% more than the average price in 2009. This was after the 27.2% drop from 2008. Table II.12: Steam coal: Import unit values CIF [US$/t] 2008 2009 2010 Change 2008 to 2009 Change 2009 to 2010

OECD 120.60 97.53 99.55 -19.1% 2.1%

Japan 125.42 111.12 110.40 -11.4% -0.6%

EU 137.79 100.28 104.13 -27.2% 3.8%

See Tables 4.3 and 4.4 in Part III for previous years for Japan and EU.

The average FOB export unit value (in US dollars) for Australia, Indonesia, Colombia and South Africa increased in 2010 as the financial crisis receded

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(Table II.13 and Figure II.2). The US FAS prices had increased in both 2008 and 2009, but declined by 11.9% in 2010. Table II.13: Steam Coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [US$/t]

2008 2009 2010 Change 08 to 09 09 to 10

Australia FOB 92.23 80.03 85.81 -13.2% 7.2%

Average to all markets Indonesia Colombia South Africa FOB FOB FOB 115.48 120.27 88.19 55.29 58.26 60.99 71.01 77.31 91.26 -52.1% 28.4%

-51.6% 32.7%

-30.8% 49.6%

US FAS 62.76 81.33 71.63 29.6% -11.9%

See Table 4.5 in Part III for previous years.

Coking coal trade Total world coking coal trade increased by 28.1% to 270.9 Mt in 2010 (Table II.14). Australia remained by far the largest exporter of coking coal at 154.6 Mt, accounting for about half of the worldwide increase in coking coal trade in 2010. The United States remained as the second-ranking coking coal exporter with a volume of 50.9 Mt, a 50.6% increase from 2009, while third-ranked Canada exported 27.5 Mt of coking coal, a 27.9% increase over 2009. Table II.14 Major coking coal exporters [Mt] Australia United States Canada Russian Federation Mongolia Czech Republic New Zealand Indonesia Poland South Africa Other

2009 125.2 33.8 21.5 13.3 4.6 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.4 2.0

2010e 154.6 50.9 27.5 13.7 10.9 3.8 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.8

Total

211.5

270.9

Statistics for coking coal exports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.18 and 3.20.

Coking coal exports to Asia-Pacific are estimated to have increased 24.1% to 170.0 Mt in 2010. Japan accounted for 22.5% (57.7 Mt) of the world market in 2010, and remains the world’s largest single market for imported coking coal (Table II.15). In 2010, the People’s Republic of China’s coking coal imports rose to 48.4 Mt, and now accounts for 18.9% of the world market.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.11

Table II.15 Major coking coal importers [Mt] Japan PR of China India Korea Brazil Ukraine Germany Turkey United Kingdom Italy Chinese Taipei France Netherlands Poland Canada Other

2009 52.5 34.4 24.7 20.7 9.1 5.3 6.4 5.2 5.2 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 2.3 2.2 21.1

2010e 57.7 48.4 30.4 27.7 12.5 10.5 7.8 6.8 6.2 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.6 3.2 3.1 22.8

OECD Total Non-OECD Total Asia Pacific Europe + Eurasia Africa + Mid. East North America Latin America

117.5 85.4 137.0 47.4 3.7 3.2 11.7

142.4 113.8 170.0 63.4 3.3 4.5 15.1

World

202.9

256.2

Statistics for coking coal imports presented in this table are shown for selected countries with historic data in Part III, Tables 3.9 and 3.11.

2009. This is despite the fact that Japan’s coking imports rebounded in 2010 back to its 2008 level. Table II.16: Coking coal: Import unit values (CIF) [US$/t] Japan 184.13 163.82 151.45 -11.0% -7.6%

2008 2009 2010 Change 2008 to 2009 Change 2009 to 2010

EU 197.84 187.29 194.02 -5.3% 3.6%

See Tables 4.1 and 4.2 in Part III for previous years.

In the EU, the average customs unit values (FOB) rose slightly in 2010 by 3.6%, after a 5.3% decrease in 2009 from 2008. In 2010, coking coal export unit values increased for Australia and the United States by 19.4% and 23.5%, respectively (Table II.17). Table II.17: Coking coal: Export unit values (FOB/FAS) [US$/t] Australia 194.87 143.83 171.75 -26.2% 19.4%

2008 2009 2010 Change 2008 to 2009 Change 2009 to 2010

US 148.39 129.77 160.32 -12.5% 23.5%

See Table 4.6 in Part III for previous years.

Other major importers in the region were India (30.4 Mt) and Korea (27.7 Mt). The major coking coal supplier to this regional market in 2010 was Australia, with nearly 64.4% of supply, followed by Mongolia, the United States, Canada, and the Russian Federation. Coking coal trade to the Europe/Eurasian market was 63.4 Mt in 2010, which increased dramatically from 47.4 Mt in one year. This increased its market share to 24.7% in 2010. Within the region, the major importers are: Ukraine (10.5 Mt), Germany (7.8 Mt), Turkey (6.8 Mt), the United Kingdom (6.2 Mt), Italy (5.1 Mt), France (4.6 Mt), and the Netherlands (4.6 Mt). The main coking coal suppliers to this market in 2010 were the United States, Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and Poland. Within North America, coking coal trade is primarily between Canada and the United States. About 4.5 Mt of coking coal was traded in the region in 2010, up from 3.2 Mt in 2009. In 2010, Latin America had imports of 14.6 Mt of coking coal, 12.7 Mt of which went to Brazil. The main suppliers to this regional market are the United States, Australia and Canada. In Japan, the average customs unit values (CIF) for coking coal import prices decreased by 7.6% in 2010 (Table II.16). This followed an 11.0% price drop in

Coke oven coke trade The OECD countries’ imports of coke oven coke rose by 46.4% (4.4 Mt) between 2009 and 2010 as imports rose to 13.9 Mt (Table 3.13, Part III). Germany alone accounted for 31.1% of the OECD coke imports in 2010. Imports in the United States rose by 250%, reaching 1.1 Mt in 2010, however, still 2.2 Mt less than in 2008. Coke exports from the OECD countries rose from 10.2 Mt in 2009 to 11.8 Mt in 2010, an increase of 15.8% (Table 3.22, Part III). Poland, the United States, the Czech Republic, and Japan were the top exporters in 2010 accounting for 78.4% of OECD coke exports. Coke statistics for the non-OECD countries are not available for 2010. However, for 2009, non-OECD coke imports and exports were both substantially affected by the worldwide recession, as the demand for their exports fell by 80%. As a region, the non-OECD countries went from a net exporter with imports of 12.9 Mt and exports of 17.2 Mt in 2008 to a net importer with imports of 9.3 Mt and exports of just 3.4 Mt. Within the non-OECD countries, India (2.2 Mt), Kazakhstan (0.7 Mt), the Islamic Republic of Iran (0.6 Mt) and Romania (0.6 Mt) were the main importers. The Russian Federation (1.9 Mt) and Ukraine (0.9 Mt) accounted for over 80% of the non-OECD coke oven coke exports in 2009. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Figure II.1: OECD international trade values for steam coal and oil (USD/tce) 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Crude oil (IEA CIF import cost)

Steam coal (OECD CIF import cost)

Natural gas (pipeline)

Liquified natural gas (LNG)

Heavy fuel oil (Spot Rotterdam)

Notes: Spot prices for heavy fuel oil are not directly comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. They are, however, closely correlated with average CIF crude oil prices, which are, by definition comparable to customs unit values for steam coal. As a consequence, it is not unreasonable to compare customs unit values for steam coal with spot prices of heavy fuel oil. Steam coal and crude oil are IEA average and CIF import values. Steam coal excludes intra-EU trade. Heavy fuel oil is Rotterdam spot market value, 3.5% sulphur. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

Figure II.2: Steam coal import and export value comparison (USD/t) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Japan CIF

EU Member States CIF

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices and Taxes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Australia FOB

South Africa FOB

Colombia FOB

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.13

Figure II.3: Delivered steam coal prices in Europe and Asia (USD/t CIF) 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0

McCloskey Northwest Europe CIF

McCloskey Asian CIF

Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskey’s Coal Report

Figure II.4: FOB port steam coal prices in South Africa and Australia (USD/t FOB) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

South Africa (Richards Bay)

Australia (Newcastle)

Source: The McCloskey Group, McCloskey’s Coal Report

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Figure II.6. Global change in CO2 emissions (2007-2008)

CO2 EMISSIONS (2008) 800

Figure II.5: World CO2 emissions by fuel 15

Gt CO2

10

5

0

Coal and peat

Oil

Natural gas

Other

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

In 2008, the growth in global coal emissions accounted for 88% of the growth in total global emissions. Coal emissions increased by 363.4 Mt, while natural gas emissions grew by 147.5 Mt and those from oil dropped by 98.3 Mt globally (Figure II.6). The OECD contribution to global emissions actually declined in 2008 by 342.9 Mt, while non-OECD sources of CO2 emissions rose by 754.3 Mt. The annual growth in emissions from fossil fuels averaged 2.1% between 1971 and 1990, while it averaged 1.1% between 1990 and 2000. This lower pace of growth after 1990 is in part related to the collapse of the formerly centrally-planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe, which led to a rapid decline in output from inefficient industrial sectors and restructuring of these economies. Other important factors include the use of more efficient technologies, fuel switching and renewable energy sources. Rapid expansion of non-OECD economies since 2000 caused emissions to increase on average by 5.9% between 2000 and 2008, with coal emissions increasing by 7.8% per annum over this period. It is also important to note that these data precede the global economic downturn, during which non-OECD coal use continued to grow. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

600

Mt CO2

400 200 0 -200 -400 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

OECD

Other

Total

Non-OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Coal-related emissions in the non-OECD countries became responsible for the majority of coal-related global emissions from 1990 onward. The non-OECD countries almost quadrupled their coal-related emissions from 2.1 Gt in 1971 to 8.2 Gt in 2008, whereas the increase in the OECD was 39.8% from 3.1 Gt in 1971 to 4.4 Gt in 2008. OECD emissions from fossil fuels increased from 9.4 Gt in 1971 to 11.2 Gt in 1990 and 12.8 Gt in 2008, which represents an average annual growth rate of 0.8% between 1971 and 2008. As a result, the share for the OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions declined from 67% in 1971 to 53% in 1990 and 43% in 2008 (Figure II.7). This occurred as the share of the non-OECD countries in total world CO2 emissions rose from 30% in 1971 to 44% in 1990 and 53% in 2008. Figure II.7: World CO2 emissions by region 30 25 53%

20

Gt CO2

World CO2 emissions from fossil fuels increased by 109.1% between 1971 and 2008, going from 14.1 Gt in 1971 to 21.0 Gt in 1990 and 29.4 Gt in 2008. Over the same period, coal-related emissions increased by 142.3% from 5.2 Gt in 1971 to 8.3 Gt in 1990 and 12.6 Gt in 2008 - by then accounting for 42.8% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels (Figure II.5). Coal, since 2005, is the leading source of world CO2 emissions ahead of oil and natural gas. Since 2002, CO2 emissions from coal have grown by 5.7% per year (or 590 Mt/y), over 80% of which has come from rapid growth in the People’s Republic of China.

44%

15 10

30% 4%

5

67%

4% 3% 53%

43%

0 1971 OECD

1990 Bunkers

2008 Non OECD

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

One of the most important recent developments in the world economy is the increasing economic integration of large non-OECD countries, in particular

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.15

CO2 emissions have been clearly linked to economic growth as shown in the example of China, where strongly increasing electricity production is the main driver for record high CO2 emissions. Coal consumption for electricity generation more than doubled in China between 2001 and 2008. The impact of this is visible in Figure II.9, where OECD coal-related CO2 emissions increase from 4.2 Gt in 1990 to 4.4 Gt in 2008. However, the OECD share of world CO2 emissions from coal decreased from 50% to 35% as nonOECD coal-related emissions increase from 4.2 Gt to 8.2 Gt in the same period. In fact, OECD countries started diversifying their energy consumption after the two oil shocks, and the share of oil in the CO2 emissions gradually declined and fell below the 50% line in 1980. Figure II.8. The growing importance of the BRICS countries

Figure II.9: Coal-related CO2 emissions by region 14 12 65% (43%)

10 Gt CO2

Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, the People’s Republic of China and South Africa, the so-called BRICS countries (Figure II.8). In 2008, these five countries represented 31% of global energy use and 36.2% of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. These shares are likely to rise further in coming years if the ongoing strong economic performance currently enjoyed by most of these countries continues, as many commentators expect. In fact, besides the United States, the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and India are the other three countries that emit the most CO2 emissions in absolute terms.

8 50% (23%)

6 4 2

40% (13%) 60%

50%

35%

1990

2008

0 1971 OECD

Non-OECD

of which: China

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

World CO2 emissions have also been influenced by changes in international energy prices. Oil had been the largest contributor to world emissions until 2005, even though the upward trend was interrupted by the oil shocks of 1974 and 1979. Even after the decline in oil prices after 1985, growth in emissions was partially mitigated because consuming countries adopted more energy-efficient technologies and behaviour, and some fuel switching occurred. Oil, as the main contributor to OECD emissions, generated 41.9% of the CO2 emissions in 2008 down from 42.5% in 2007, as natural gas consumption and emissions continued to increase (Figure II.10).

16 Annex I

Annex I

14

Figure II.10: OECD CO2 emissions by fuel

Non-Annex I

60% 12

Other NonAnnex I

Gt CO2 10

50% 40% Brazil

30%

8 6 4 2 0

Other Annex I

Other Annex I

Other NonAnnex I Brazil India

Russian China Fed. 1990

South Africa

India

Non-Annex I

South Africa Bunkers

20% 10%

China

0%

Bunkers

Russian Fed. 2008

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Other

Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Annex I countries are: OECD nations (with the exception of Chile, Estonia, Israel, Korea, Mexico and Slovenia), the European Union (with the exception of Cyprus and Malta), Belarus, Croatia, Liechtenstein, Monaco, the Russian Federation and the Ukraine.

Within the OECD, coal is the second largest source of CO2 emissions. Between 1971 and 1985, coal was used as the main substitute for oil and its share of INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Figure II.11: World coal-related CO2 emissions by sector

emissions increased, especially between 1978 and 1985, from its lowest point (31%) to its highest point (39%). After 1985, the share of emissions from coal declined regularly and by 1994 essentially returned to its 1971 level (34%), where it has remained.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Gt CO2

World coal-related CO2 emissions due to electricity and heat generation more than tripled between 1971 and 2008, from 2.4 Gt in 1971 to 8.7 Gt in 2008 (Figure II.11). During the same period, coal emissions due to manufacturing industries and construction increased almost doubled, from 1.6 Gt in 1971 to 3.1 Gt in 2008. Emissions due to the other sectors (including transport) were almost cut by a third between 1971 and 2008, falling from 1.2 Gt in 1971 to 0.8 Gt in 2008. As a result, the electricity and heat generation share of world coal-related CO2 emissions increased from 46% in 1971 to 69% in 2008. On the other hand, the share of CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction fell from 31% in 1971 to 24% in 2008 and the share of other emissions fell from 23% to 6% over the period.

14 12

6%

10

24%

8

14%

6

26%

4

23%

69%

31% 59%

2 46% 0 1971

1990

2008

Electricity and heat production Manuf acturing industries and construction Other*

* Other includes residential, transport, commercial/public services, agriculture, other energy industries and non-specified other sectors. Source: IEA/OECD CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II - II.17

EFFICIENCY OUTLOOK FOR POWER GENERATION FROM COAL This is a selected excerpt from a report by the IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board (CIAB), which is a group of high-level executives from coal-related industrial enterprises, established by the IEA in July 1979 to provide advice to the IEA Executive Director on a wide range of issues relating to coal. The CIAB currently has 46 members from 21 countries, contributing valuable experience in the fields of coal production, trading and transportation, electricity generation and other aspects of coal use. Mr. Mike Garwood of E.On was the primary author of the report. The full report, "Power Generation from Coal: Measuring and Reporting Efficiency Performance and CO2 Emissions", is available at: http://www.iea.org/publications/free_new_Desc.asp?PU BS_ID=2296.

The need for energy, together with the economics of producing and supplying that energy to the end user, are central considerations in power plant investment decisions and operating strategies. Inevitably, there will be a point at which higher efficiency and lower emissions come at a cost which cannot be justified. Where economic and regulatory conditions exist which shift this balance consistently in favour of higher efficiency and lower emissions, improvements become a normal part of running a competitive business. The trend over time has been towards improved power plant performance. Worldwide coal-fired power plant efficiency averaged 35.1% in 2007, compared with 33.5% in 1971.1

1. On a lower heating value, gross electrical output basis, after correction for heat supply. The average efficiency in 2007 is estimated to be 32.6% on a net output basis, assuming power plant own use of approximately 7%. The reported average efficiency would be lower if no correction were made for heat supply (see Figure II.16).

Figures II.12, II.13, II.14 and II.15 illustrate the evolution of efficiency in countries where coal is used widely for electricity generation and heat supply. This top-down assessment is based on annual coal consumption and electricity supply data collected by the IEA. Fuel energy input is on a net calorific value (NCV) or lower heating value (LHV) basis, while electricity output is on a gross basis (i.e. at the generator terminals, before any deduction for on-site electricity use); each being the basis adopted by the IEA for reporting energy statistics. Heat supply is based on the quantity of heat supplied under commercial arrangements; the gross-net concept has no meaning for heat supply. Efficiency is calculated after correcting for heat supply using the methodology adopted by the European Union.2 While this assessment allows for a comparison of coal-fired power generation efficiency at the national level, it does not allow for performance comparisons to be made between individual plants; indeed, the IEA does not collect plant-level data. Although drawing national comparisons is not the purpose of this article, some observations can be made on the four figures:

2. Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC was published in the Official Journal of the European Union, OJ L 52 on 21 February 2004 (pp. 50-60). Harmonised efficiency reference values for the separate production of electricity and heat were tabulated in Commission Decision 2007/74/EC (OJ L 32, 6 February 2007, pp. 183-188), with further detailed guidance in Commission Decision 2008/952/EC (OJ L 338, 17 December 2008, pp. 55-61). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Figures II.12, II.13, II.14 and II.15: Evolution of coal-fired heat and power plant efficiency in selected countries 55%

55%

50%

50%

45%

45%

40%

40%

35%

35%

30%

30%

25%

25%

20%

20%

15%

15%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Japan

Korea

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Australia

Germany

55%

55%

50%

50%

45%

45%

40%

40%

35%

35%

30%

30%

25%

25%

20%

20%

15%

15%

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Canada

USA

Poland

Italy

UK

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 South Africa

China

India

Note: The data reported in Figures II.12 to II.15 are not corrected for any of the factors which influence uncontrollable variables on performance, such as ambient temperature. Source: IEA databases.

• The most rapid efficiency improvements have been seen during periods when large new coalfired power plants were being built, for example in Japan, Korea and South Africa.

• In North America, much of the fleet of coal-fired power plants operating today was built during the 1960s, so efficiency performance has been largely unchanged over the last 40 years. The availability of competitively priced indigenous coal and the need to retrofit pollution control equipment have not favoured efficiency improvements. • In Europe, the trend of improving efficiency reflects the closure of older, less efficient coalfired power plants, replaced either by new coalfired plants or other energy sources for power INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

generation such as natural gas, renewable sources and nuclear. • Coal-fired power generation efficiency shows a gradual improvement in China as more new plants are built with improved performance. • Countries which exploit poor quality coal for power generation are faced with lower levels of efficiency, for example in Australia and India. Many power plants in these two countries must also contend with high ambient temperatures and limited water supplies, both contributing to lower efficiency.

• The cogeneration of heat and power can improve efficiency, for example in Russia and Poland. However, this assumes that the heat supplied is used effectively.

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) E PART II - II.19

Figure II.16: Efficiency improvement potential at hard coal-fired power plantts

Source: VGB (2009). Reprinted by permission of the publisher. p © VGB PowerTech e.V., 2009.

The development of supercritical and ultrasupercritical steam cycles, with progresssively higher steam temperatures and pressures, com mbined with modern plant design and automation, proovide significant potential for further efficiency improvvements and the mitigation of CO2 emissions when compared c to existing coal-fired power plants. These im mprovements can be realised through the progressive repplacement of existing assets with new plant designs thaat reflect best practices. Although a large number of supercriticaal and ultrasupercritical pulverised coal-fired powerr plants are currently under construction or plannedd, subcritical technology has continued to dominate recent r build. However, with stricter requirements too limit CO2 emissions, the share of supercritical and ultrasupercritical plants should increase. By far the largest energy loss from existinng and future coal-fired power plants will remain the heat h rejected from the steam cycle to the cooling waterr. The use of co-generation or combined heat and power, along t rewith district heating and cooling, has therefore ceived renewed interest in the light of reqquirements to improve energy efficiency and reduce specific s CO2 emissions. However, the most significantt potential to reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired power p plants will come through the application of CO2 capture and storage. Here, basic plant efficiency im mprovements will be a significant factor in ensuring thee viability of carbon capture. Figure II.16 shows projections by VGB for the efficiency of and emissions from coal-fired power generation by 2020. With proper policy annd financial support for demonstration, by 2015 the net efficiency

of state-of-the-art units firing hardd or bituminous coal could reach 50% (LHV) at plants without w CO2 capture and storage. For lignite-fired plantts, these figures will be up to 5 percentage points loweer depending on the moisture content of the coal, but thhat can be improved if developments in efficient coall-drying technology are successful, using either wastee heat or low-grade steam. CO2 capture will significantly impaact the efficiency of both existing and future plants. Att the current state of technology, units retrofitted with capture c would suffer a decrease in efficiency of up to 122 percentage points, and consume perhaps 20% to 30% % more fuel per unit of electricity supplied. While a cooncept of what constitutes “capture-ready” exists for new n power plants, it may not be economic or technicallly viable to retrofit existing pulverised coal plants with CO2 capture, especially at smaller units. Refurbishhments will often be necessary to improve efficiency att existing plants before CO2 capture retrofits can be b contemplated. If 40% efficiency were to be considdered the cut-off for CO2 capture retrofit, around 10% of the world’s current coal-fired capacity would be suitable for CCS.3 Even then, and assuming a route to t storage, case-bycase analyses would be needed to assess whether exs adapted and isting control systems can be safely whether the large steam requirem ment of CO2 capture equipment can be sensibly supplieed from these existing plants.

3. Estimate using IEA Clean Coal Centre CoaalPower5 database. Of the 7 173 units listed in the database, the individdual efficiencies of a sample comprising 4 396 units (with a total caapacity of 1 074 GW) has been estimated from available operating paarameters. Of these units, 255 units (with a total capacity of 118 GW) are estimated to have an efficiency of greater than 40%. INTERNATION NAL ENERGY AGENCY

II.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART II

Owing to the loss of efficiency, retrofitted units will deliver less power; additional new capacity would likely be needed to offset this loss. Based on newbuild information, project proposals and forecasts it appears that while the majority of future plants will be either supercritical or ultra-supercritical with an efficiency rating above 40%, subcritical units will still

have a significant market share. By 2030, up to half of the fleet might be considered suitable for CCS retrofit when necessary, while most of the remaining plants would require either upgrading to deliver high efficiencies or total replacement.4 Further work is needed to better define the future potential for CCS retrofit at coal-fired power plants.

4. Estimate from supercritical coal-fired power plants listed in Platts UDI World Electric Power Plants Database 2009 and analysis presented in IEA World Energy Outlook 2009. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.1

PART III WORLD COAL OVERVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.3

1. PRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.5

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia(2) Austria Belgium(2) Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic France(2) Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

55483 10362 12337 1374 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1118696 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 2834 33 50

71610 8018 20173 1125 27721 20190 94492 883 60 18027 18625 3089 1930 288 193121 177 12838 18 3598 130097 710178 1332044 1336258 3 138 680 207 176 115120 1 570 2768 196 390 1748 4164 41 42

122346 7666 34310 1291 26401 17055 88849 592 57 16381 22543 5193 101 2279 507 191642 237 16091 13 3605 94111 735935 1380721 1387205 23 437 121 775 35 140 173500 15 511 3104 317 400 1661 8766 127 40

158572 2357 37673 2183 22415 11199 76553 169 25 58 7979 17217 6933 2419 303 147736 281 14612 11 2745 92762 853647 1448733 1457849 794 126 526 40 90 174800 4 377 5345 314 276 637 21375 97 2189

191055 1 637 38621 1038 17738 8495 58858 1 6317 5720 9320 3334 292 137166 13497 2248 53037 858627 1395644 1406002 898 93 650 38 20 206211 44 152 4693 342 305 240 25651 51 4064

239429 375 33805 366 14855 3804 37376 2964 8300 11344 3246 632 103331 11317 2392 31198 893972 1386996 1398706 947 96 58 31 16 3 224200 79 194 4260 585 259 159 38242 17 7885

300190 109 29086 544 13254 617 28018 95 2832 10755 5021 1471 97904 8548 2170 20498 962440 1472253 1483552 985 120 25 12 3 8 244986 75 150 3621 678 25 528 59064 43 7195

324571 32812 243 12894 422 24185 158 2886 12514 4574 4073 88312 7873 2462 17007 981690 1503919 1516676 828 126 25 24 8 247666 85 14 3237 693 110 228 69902 112 7647

325375 32841 667 12663 277 19068 117 2773 11430 4578 3430 84345 7314 2601 18054 1007222 1520658 1532755 910 129 25 38 8 252213 90 1 3039 711 110 355 73502 142 7647

334630 27961 636 11001 147 13766 72 2519 10548 4304 2641 78064 6952 2864 17874 921801 1424596 1435780 738 133 25 38 8 250582 95 1 2997 708 82 78 72807 322 8792

353034 33703 619 11435 261 12900 101 2084 9975 5035 1935 76710 5987 2778 18159 932279 1456401 1466995 738 133 24 38 8 254727 95 1 2997 708 82 78 74350 322 8792

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 1.1: World hard coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Bangladesh India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 77 361 76588 111000 150468 211184 268280 311428 404461 454358 149 152 959 5161 20914 40870 94180 140359 23198 34106 40000 35693 23700 22500 26864 23860 100 121 346 802 1075 480 595 1290 70 2124 3268 10 11 43 40 12 468 853 1038 17 12 14 1143 1098 1567 1922 2546 2166 2861 3065 3327 2574 1858 472 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 32396 42546 117 511 151 108 74 277 418 443 417000 620150 837272 1050734 1342859 1231074 2158908 2466428 351 267 223 143 194 118 9 215 7172 8060 8657 4446 359 281 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 576 388 400 x x x x x x x x 1103 34 7 5 14 x x x 128000 80754 74886 82788 93458 x x x 1495 183 104 49 37 x x x 237514 162411 152538 209213 217878 x x x 475 14 9 84 158 x x x 143483 74002 61601 60007 58739 x x x 200 74 69 73 160 510600 553000 569000 x x x x x 903 925 1106 835 1084 1149 1557 1634

2008 840 488550 128641 25098 1476 4168 1075 15 2898 38826 468 2734421 41 x 11 106296 55 222432 176 59465 198 x 1591

2009 1000 528380 150347 24602 2515 7094 1127 16 2281 43715 491 2895345 131 x 213 95770 67 206980 175 54977 101 x 1174

2010e 1000 537590 173451 24602 2399 16559 1127 16 2217 44663 491 3162193 29 x 213 105215 67 247935 175 54444 198 x 1174

1116514 1463686 1807750 2035624 2231077 2188789 3395259 3839813 4155661 4353907 4718851 2235210 2799944 3194955 3493473 3637079 3587495 4878811 5356489 5688416 5789687 6185846

(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.7

Table 1.2: World coking coal production (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

40086 54835 64631 79375 4036 3484 14151 24371 27660 28624 17403 16465 14383 10824 4114 3388 1821 439 56036 51401 44577 31686 883 592 169 6943 3921 3089 3713 2963 1645 173 319 578 1474 160 174 31495 31143 28793 28714 1333 907 279 2435 2247 1824 929 10050 2608 1600 599 117716 89463 93259 77166 307014 285318 279574 259830 310103 289031 282537 261475 3 23 10605 11142 9308 10165 1 1 991 269 612 621 1545 1407 499 106 716 745 775 681 18055 25847 36088 28803 10 29 241 3836 2500 2543 107 3 68222 68370 85657 147846 1828 3825 1482 349 x x 574 x x 29983 12756 x x 85458 55645 x x 7 x x 62283 25783 143534 134985 x x 842 1006 760 914

103750 28164 8136 18862 2214 1310 17222 735 255 54287 232721 234935 3204 813 15 587 22088 616 123748 13 10687 51035 27844 x 823

128310 26613 7136 15171 1792 2446 14071 648 274 46444 241113 242905 1640 690 210 514 23584 1222 1967 280648 10981 55505 23166 x 1115

142646 28126 7674 13753 2058 1923 13636 684 266 47307 256015 258073 2349 617 144 522 25581 1736 3132 379135 11172 57441 21534 x 1170

140108 28345 7512 10554 1841 2284 12024 858 307 57367 259359 261200 2207 579 260 541 25318 1922 3746 384962 10661 54402 19776 x 1139

129988 22980 5900 9064 1793 1903 8540 1562 246 46559 226742 228535 2556 571 1115 34769 2049 4704 416458 61 11001 59854 19244 x 841

152136 28153 6023 7147 1482 2341 11658 1515 354 68645 277972 279454 2598 571 1139 35403 2364 10980 454841 61 12086 71697 19057 x 841

Australia Belgium Canada Czech Republic France Germany Hungary Japan Mexico New Zealand Norway Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States IEA Total OECD Total Algeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Brazil Colombia India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Chinese Taipei PR of China Romania Georgia Kazakhstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran

37668 3805 13780 18553 4664 52239 861 8659 3085 11 227 40845 1800 2964 15110 92201 293387 296472 9718 946 1317 705 13938 3415 52604 2134 x x x x x 139250 678

Non-OECD Total

224705 250177 250236 316055 283918 241473 401242 504533 505513 553223 611638

World

521177 560280 539267 598592 545393 476408 644147 762606 766713 781758 891092

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia(2) Austria Belgium(2) Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic France(2) Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2) Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Peru Venezuela

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

55483 10362 12337 1374 27780 26350 104407 1186 64 25090 13571 2578 1829 2325 415 156630 221 9991 12 4642 131985 530064 1114744 1118696 333 130 565 394 327 62352 940 2806 160 451 1015 2834 33 50

31524 3982 6022 1125 10318 16076 38456 60 11084 18625 1757 128 161626 177 11505 18 1163 120047 592462 1025030 1026155 138 680 207 176 104515 1 570 1777 196 390 203 3448 41 42

67511 4182 9939 1291 9936 13667 37448 57 12460 22543 1480 101 1960 333 160499 237 15184 13 1358 91503 646472 1095403 1098174 437 121 775 35 140 162358 15 511 2835 317 400 254 8021 127 40

93941 2357 10013 2183 8032 9378 31976 25 58 7979 17217 3970 1841 303 118943 281 14333 11 921 91162 760388 1169159 1175312 794 126 526 40 90 165492 3 377 4733 314 276 138 20600 97 2189

111680 1 637 9997 1038 6914 8056 27172 1 6317 5720 7675 1860 292 108452 13497 1319 52438 781461 1135814 1144527 898 93 650 38 20 196046 43 152 4072 342 305 134 24970 51 4064

135679 375 5641 366 6719 3804 18514 2964 8300 9130 1936 632 86109 11317 1657 30943 839685 1154275 1163771 947 96 58 31 16 3 220996 79 194 3447 585 259 144 37655 17 7885

171880 109 2473 544 6118 617 12847 95 2832 8963 2575 1471 83833 8548 1522 20224 915996 1231140 1240647 985 120 25 12 3 8 243346 75 150 2931 678 25 318 58550 43 7195

181925 4686 243 5220 422 10432 158 2886 10456 2651 4073 74676 7873 1778 16741 934383 1247904 1258603 828 126 25 24 8 245317 85 14 2620 693 110 84 69380 112 7647

185267 4496 667 5151 277 8514 117 2773 9589 2294 3430 72321 7314 1743 17747 949855 1261299 1271555 910 129 25 38 8 250006 90 1 2460 711 110 95 72961 142 7647

204642 4981 636 5101 147 4702 72 2519 8755 2401 2641 69524 6952 1302 17628 875242 1197854 1207245 738 133 25 38 8 248026 95 1 2426 708 82 78 71692 322 8792

200898 5550 619 5412 261 5753 101 2084 8493 2694 1935 65052 5987 1263 17805 863634 1178429 1187541 738 133 24 38 8 252129 95 1 2426 708 82 78 73211 322 8792

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.9

Table 1.3: World steam coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

Bangladesh India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia PR of China Bulgaria Romania Croatia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran Non-OECD Total World

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 77 361 840 1000 76588 92945 124621 175096 239477 289340 380877 428777 463232 493611 149 152 949 5132 20673 40254 92958 138623 126719 148298 23198 30270 37500 33150 23700 22500 26864 23860 25098 24602 100 121 346 802 1075 1476 2515 480 595 1290 70 157 136 422 2390 10 11 43 40 12 468 853 1038 1075 1127 17 12 14 15 16 1143 1098 1567 1922 2546 2166 2861 3065 2898 2281 3327 2574 1751 469 235 83 5 2990 5200 5594 4638 8350 11609 32396 42546 38826 43715 117 511 151 108 74 277 418 443 468 491 417000 551928 768902 965077 1195013 1107326 1878260 2087293 2349459 2478887 351 267 223 143 194 118 9 215 41 131 7172 6232 4832 2964 10 268 x x x 156 75 x x x 137 55 88 576 388 400 x x x x x x x x x x 529 34 7 5 14 11 152 x x x 98017 67998 64199 71807 82286 95635 84769 x x x 1495 183 104 49 37 55 67 x x x 152056 106766 101503 153708 160437 168030 147126 x x x 475 7 9 84 158 176 175 x x x 81200 48219 33757 36841 37205 39689 35733 x x x 200 74 69 73 160 198 101 510600 409466 434015 x x x x x x x 903 83 100 75 170 326 442 464 452 333

2010e 1000 502187 171087 24602 2399 5579 1127 16 2217 44663 491 2707352 29 x 152 93129 67 176238 175 35387 198 x 333

1116514 1213509 1557514 1719569 1947159 1947316 2994017 3335280 3650148 3800684 4107213 2235210 2239664 2655688 2894881 3091686 3111087 4234664 4593883 4921703 5007929 5294754

(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia(2) Austria Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic Estonia France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Israel Italy Japan(2) New Zealand(2) Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United States(2) IEA Total OECD Total Brazil India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Albania Bulgaria Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Former Yugoslavia

2007

2008

2009

2010e

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 67152 65613 3328 2865 3081 2448 1297 1249 8135 16515 26543 30659 36360 35358 36259 36552 61 40 35 75965 89086 94636 78983 57163 50307 48772 49732 x x x 22486 12433 11727 14591 16544 2764 2560 1839 2333 1401 296 366409 389726 434037 357468 192756 167691 177907 180409 13301 23198 35888 51896 57662 63887 69398 66308 25925 25142 23500 17332 14772 14033 9570 9818 303 470 390 429 429 1190 1286 1892 956 172 14 100 27 143 208 247 159 243 213 246 260 39215 36866 57746 67584 63547 59484 61636 57538 5804 5796 5731 4766 3759 3648 2511 2111 x x x 5583 4884 4480 4540 4535 3003 15454 23572 21070 14808 12154 10933 9309 7754 15027 36392 44683 52825 60876 56170 72902 12948 42783 65701 79914 78471 77619 76151 71291 590105 699433 849185 806241 625988 614122 616705 621843 590166 699473 849220 834613 643775 630719 636265 643351 1324 3494 6051 3958 4959 6553 5727 5737 3320 5110 8040 14074 22146 24247 30228 33980 152 949 5069 20914 38507 76361 108473 7000 10000 12000 10660 7600 7243 7746 6478 6043 6562 3729 5115 5402 5970 27 43 38 23 112 221 283 471 671 824 1091 928 2010 1059 39 326 1256 1232 1293 1357 2880 3394 361 1525 5188 12421 18416 17708 20878 18239 1802 2206 3985 220 320 682 811 1420 2150 2071 80 30 64 64 26459 29946 30657 31532 30636 26314 24686 28418 17679 27104 37924 33737 40762 29004 31106 35780 x x x 19670 1640 7439 9119 10609 x x x 18 7 x x x 6644 7249 7516 6881 6509 x x x 45800 40540 37006 35100 37148 31874 40913 68072 x x x x x

66033 34908 47537 16117 175313 65720 9404 427 253 59668 2423 4520 2873 76801 68659 609592 630656 6257 32421 120125 7235 5903 245 841 3609 17982 951 379 85 29009 35861 11682 7630 38709 x

68252 34975 45416 14939 169857 64893 8986 444 260 57108 2573 4429 2493 76635 65751 597199 617011 5631 34071 140900 6954 7349 234 1200 4687 17786 397 22 27148 33961 11469 7426 38499 x

67225 34191 43850 17934 169403 56520 9077 462 295 56510 2379 4430 2444 68971 64846 575711 598537 5631 33085 162551 6954 8689 218 1167 6500 18458 397 22 29305 30831 11019 6789 37348 x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.11

Table 1.4: World brown coal production (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union

x x x 3443 x x x 2140 x x x 134385 x x x 450 x x x 9280 x x x 6200 157000 163000 157000 x

3740 280 83317 27 2296 2980 x

2558 321 87786 13 802 2500 x

4409 286 73668 15 354 3003 x

4370 358 71143 23 186 3282 x

4777 437 82530 23 163 3092 x

5084 535 69011 23 39 3553 x

5584 537 75969 23 150 3102 x

Non-OECD Total World

248073 287473 336044 350208 293725 303279 340464 383987 409946 415979 444329 838239 986946 1185264 1184821 937500 933998 976729 1027338 1040602 1032990 1042866

(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 1.5: OECD production of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

4983 1719 7774 5370 315 9383 .. 11881 41614 400 1082 7665 52300 318 2021 2655 20 282 16938 269 1500 .. 4475 533

4991 1729 6048 5250 303 8725 .. 11120 35492 247 975 8264 47463 2965 2447 2455 13 349 19598 216 1598 .. 3900 1188

3603 1751 5964 4684 301 8328 .. 8691 30171 607 7410 48621 5253 2924 2958 5 313 15828 275 1909 .. 3440 1203

4495 1725 5420 3708 336 7125 41 487 7197 21926 672 6356 51118 8800 2384 2736 373 13516 230 2340 3211 1084

4617 1448 3696 3283 457 4963 40 920 5566 11102 1033 5185 44778 10593 2148 2888 369 11578 331 1861 2438 1149

3739 1385 3104 3242 475 3411 23 910 5234 9115 937 4504 41220 12288 2100 2116 349 8972 371 1706 2470 1146

3808 1388 2856 3305 493 3412 37 894 4445 8397 614 4574 42645 8935 2002 2238 418 8404 1846 2662 1411

3634 1424 2607 3098 569 3258 40 865 4465 8441 1017 4727 44437 9926 2058 2163 418 10168 1748 2742 1194

3636 1410 2309 3040 497 3399 35 860 4488 8242 999 4485 41033 10857 2074 2086 392 10075 1582 2646 1176

2731 1281 1574 2190 431 2295 18 738 3222 6771 746 2755 37710 9632 1763 1683 414 7091 1573 1917 987

2002 1418 995 2720 392 2548 21 827 3151 8150 1018 3755 42210 13549 2209 1515 458 9738 1657 2051 1197

Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1251 17776 62803

1937 10060 41850

2711 9276 25992

3158 8350 25053

3131 6274 21545

2925 6206 18876

2992 4364 15168

3335 4477 14697

3976 4359 14194

3437 3693 10108

3334 4023 13628

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

68173 47100 30676 57621 55432 57482 127197 113901 100835 70509 49850 33901 57621 55432 57482 127197 113901 100835

28761 64786 85533 31481 64786 85574

24828 60357 63563 27433 60357 63603

22118 57596 54512 24693 57596 54535

18473 55806 50497 20968 55806 50534

17795 58415 52631 20422 58415 52671

17234 55918 52092 19805 55918 52127

12298 50487 39763 14492 50487 39781

16348 58219 45377 18949 58219 45398

IEA Total OECD Total

252991 216433 188993 179080 148748 134226 124776 128841 125244 102548 119944 255327 219183 192218 181841 151393 136824 127308 131508 127850 104760 122566

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.13

2. CONSUMPTION

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.15

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 34422 39980 49299 51739 60830 67874 69869 68871 67046 64458 2856 2871 3178 4159 3392 3724 4050 4274 4021 3282 3256 17169 17004 15576 16153 12394 11046 7551 6518 5881 4682 2777 17556 21361 21522 18886 15900 22503 20451 12955 12618 9845 9276 1711 1678 1792 3720 3391 4590 4571 5721 7726 6817 7764 27780 23937 22030 20060 14180 10717 9221 9760 9428 6757 7085 3146 9669 11935 9992 11003 6641 6293 7901 6836 6780 6496 x x x 382 85 87 56 130 129 87 60 3035 5692 5318 5648 6540 5193 4598 7075 4986 5446 6914 40289 48080 36507 28791 22611 21801 21142 20512 19125 16351 17294 105801 96385 93466 86965 74224 68963 63952 70097 64067 52016 58589 651 545 1750 1380 1480 1121 563 710 523 337 635 2137 1695 1043 971 1402 1280 1341 1965 1907 1349 1794 1 12 69 65 65 101 117 138 109 101 97 822 1066 1586 3198 2689 2944 2942 2445 2296 1891 1888 2927 3720 6568 10591 12124 13294 12940 12320 11823 11603 17024 21894 21327 17446 18013 24240 25118 24910 19364 20896 81690 87699 109391 114960 133564 153190 176974 187000 184399 164049 186637 16329 27790 42505 44776 44634 71799 82272 92044 102723 106861 118380 305 346 199 197 217 172 122 121 115 104 102 2894 3973 5317 6881 10243 12290 17556 17487 13997 16363 18263 4794 5973 10276 14032 14281 12740 13009 13445 12685 11871 11870 2317 1768 1810 2091 1836 1788 4061 2830 3372 2699 2892 772 951 1118 749 1018 1035 795 756 826 538 818 122097 163778 156570 120231 107823 83371 80438 85336 82668 75730 85263 805 604 1050 4397 5708 6154 5476 4742 4156 4677 2700 5834 5373 5809 5879 5330 4656 4983 5021 4651 4327 3533 x x x 32 20 11 49 66 63 23 24 13260 16531 25198 26047 27488 32804 32948 33090 23982 18303 14918 1060 2138 4158 3709 3444 2861 3070 3192 2774 2433 2859 258 315 640 481 245 173 178 182 162 155 166 4595 4630 6189 8146 8548 15526 19421 25350 22720 22043 29659 133527 123610 105980 106722 75916 59839 61779 62903 58220 48786 51290 492567 608038 682608 736926 782788 892126 953585 955157 951307 853388 895518

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

510123 127628 502596 514728 127628 502597

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland(2) France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Iceland(2) Ireland Israel Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA Total OECD Total

629399 151679 548217 635050 151679 548229

704130 193686 531470 711239 196613 531539

755812 211126 489234 766413 214846 489713

798688 231773 417379 812322 238341 417549

914629 287607 370774 931509 298198 370973

974036 331181 368112 996163 343305 368334

968112 351743 390513 991320 365037 390847

963925 359365 356939 985648 372305 357240

863233 340655 307222 886413 352975 307433

904794 372367 330802 930821 384190 330983

1140347 1329295 1429286 1456172 1447840 1573010 1673329 1710368 1680229 1511110 1607963 1144953 1334958 1439391 1470972 1468212 1600680 1707802 1747204 1715193 1546821 1645994

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa Sudan United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Peru Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

63 93 1226 1005 632 689 819 856 856 290 466 815 912 1040 1002 905 914 742 738 170 167 156 169 136 132 160 178 189 194 150 477 894 1192 1340 1540 1820 1777 1708 1671 1635 1309 70 16 90 151 96 66 89 110 109 95 103 582 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4938 5019 4462 4099 3131 587 288 106 58 56 9 10 10 768 16 3 20 77 413 193 143 289 151 94 55 20 3 8 8 8 8 9 152 215 215 254 313 60408 86961 125870 124900 147205 157135 175403 182486 196727 185782 187055 2 1 15 4 44 79 75 85 90 95 95 33 21 21 15 941 618 471 375 148 128 140 14 1 1 6 2758 2614 3026 5355 4494 4297 3698 3306 3104 3061 3008 222 278 379 436 442 697 758 1127 974 970 2030 1072 1425 1247 1367 1439 1058 1383 1573 1790 1803 1708 2842 6354 9870 10650 12080 13457 14270 15068 15300 12748 17385 2859 4135 4630 4825 5608 4231 4173 3697 4351 5399 5859 1 1 1 1 2 25 1 4 4 95 126 153 77 22 22 18 24 17 23 224 17 80 93 476 728 763 747 781 22 215 589 659 672 1383 1134 61 12 135 183 64 105 103 46 52 55 53 58 36 48 51 12 13 32 32 51 60 6 86 74 107 149 389 708 1075 1180 1073 1142 805 1 32 4 1 1 1 2 2 3 53 42 42 355 7 181 51 62 62 71 2635 1302 243 235 98 563 642 660 742 897 1257 1257 1800 138 12 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 12261 11345 12331 10324 73410 102737 148316 205722 272577 332185 430693 500094 537827 589168 625654 129 124 313 2148 877 4660 11969 15700 782 1020 11516 23580 34456 42200 37793 24340 22241 24235 20286 22638 21780 20350 13 76 517 1936 2303 3298 12728 16519 17717 19677 21308 480 595 1290 70 154 155 96 2 74 221 223 80 15 38 145 163 169 177 879 78 83 17 81 123 430 413 328 309 324 135 1270 1196 2283 3422 3631 3116 5704 9052 7550 6939 9346 254 1248 1344 1711 7246 7029 7729 9078 7367 11181 1 1 347 1 8 5 93 68 72 75 190 3572 5956 11085 17230 26167 42055 54711 59358 56971 54130 63238 1 94 212 250 2305 3684 8479 13841 15885 15475 16758 2770 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14510 16623 20386 22397 23242 220 657 345 303 221 564 737 681 872 915 1416

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.17

Table 2.1: World hard coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 PR of China Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Bahrain Islam. Rep. of Iran Lebanon Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

414180 626010 803907 1050895 1316745 1214798 2098830 2454333 2683179 2883740 3319096 89 160 220 302 1 6136 6999 8277 6046 3443 3379 4361 4916 4637 3015 2939 74 97 97 49 52 49 40 21 8 192 300 52 8490 12009 14705 9351 5065 2649 3041 2950 2048 407 304 x x x 592 672 708 859 168 x x x 1150 143 623 1057 1081 1121 799 1939 x x x 129 142 67 3 18 14 5 158 x x x 137 55 218 67 93 151 48 2 2540 3790 5089 x x x x x x x x x x x 552 3 3 2 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 168 83 76 79 11 x x x 1323 44 27 18 48 119 317 233 x x x 85806 61195 41652 59570 68602 74432 66822 72652 x x x 4014 505 830 887 575 554 502 59 x x x 917 252 97 120 162 162 130 125 x x x 1303 372 130 284 379 324 242 316 x x x 4510 1315 181 167 131 198 181 x x x 240033 163266 142222 141438 142034 148763 116437 158479 x x x 1044 14 16 90 166 184 188 177 x x x 670 x x x 139440 86898 65887 63614 68196 70382 62959 63933 x x x 2740 81 69 73 160 198 101 198 490220 529110 543430 x x x x x x x x 20 948 1783 1444 1061 1546 1782 2075 1973 1755 1202 1185 1 180 200 200 200 200 200 293 2 55 1 1 -

Non-OECD Total

1101534 1434896 1745751 1992829 2171969 2099814 3171042 3639793 3926195 4112282 4670738

World

2246487 2769854 3185142 3463801 3640181 3700494 4878844 5386997 5641388 5659103 6316732

(1) Hard coal represents higher grade coal and includes coking coal, anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

7216 2006 7524 6776 385 12567 12980 41881 213 1740 9909 58724 2009 4053 2953 414 25847 423 2180 x 4863 1227 3429 14988 68885

7049 2371 8010 7321 454 12166 7 14570 50293 384 1695 11237 70203 3987 3973 3521 8 432 25272 363 2336 x 5407 1654 3407 11628 61457

5476 2391 8086 6483 427 11365 6 11332 47825 1043 20 7 10165 73456 6959 3837 4061 6 394 17745 370 2790 x 4908 1620 4825 11122 37246

5932 2337 7157 5023 492 9941 711 9669 42216 971 13 14 8633 64934 11735 2911 4391 249 18127 313 3136 1 4456 1515 5335 10517 35269

5874 1908 4737 4417 715 6648 1650 7739 33993 1402 7 6966 59796 16305 1875 4893 144 17405 455 2745 3312 1646 4658 8487 29934

4799 1877 4045 4461 714 4972 1284 6543 24462 1280 14 6658 57081 19415 932 4054 13332 497 2597 3556 1772 7042 8824 25963

5354 1899 3263 4289 703 4334 1401 6222 22193 808 14 5630 56530 20883 676 4682 123 11157 2738 3463 1847 5585 6569 20893

4553 1900 3448 4725 694 4099 1418 6144 23000 1460 30 6197 58205 21736 1019 4703 13642 2854 3667 1998 5816 7201 20524

4548 1863 2912 5084 675 4301 1077 7218 20013 1432 50 5925 57584 23835 1007 4419 13012 2617 3453 1586 6878 6931 19989

3402 1693 1958 3347 591 2932 948 3533 15472 1022 46 3585 52514 21182 1903 3423 1 9907 2391 2502 1440 7151 5663 14042

3013 1838 1202 3747 509 2978 1195 4504 15114 1414 44 4876 57680 26925 1793 3925 66 13078 2133 2497 1868 8328 6058 19152

IEA Europe IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania OECD Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania

75661 68778 43729 40292 34351 67949 81247 85897 82850 82119 145144 154753 140055 129439 108644 80099 73205 47993 43695 36941 67949 81247 85897 82850 82119 145144 154753 140075 129453 108651

30424 81295 92795 32070 81295 92809

25182 82890 81791 26561 82890 81805

25249 84494 87547 26962 84494 87577

25073 85967 83637 26755 85967 83687

17389 77099 63620 19883 77099 63666

22899 87684 71008 25201 87684 71052

IEA Total OECD Total

288754 304778 269681 252581 225114 204514 189863 197290 194677 158108 181591 293192 309205 273965 255998 227711 206174 191256 199033 196409 160648 183937

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.19

Table 2.2: World coking coal consumption (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1978

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Algeria Egypt South Africa United Rep. of Tanzania Zimbabwe Argentina Brazil Colombia Guatemala Jamaica Peru Other Latin America India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Pakistan Chinese Taipei PR of China Albania Bulgaria Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Former Yugoslavia Georgia Kazakhstan Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Former Soviet Union Islam. Rep. of Iran Saudi Arabia

50 93 1226 975 894 1192 7018 7158 6000 946 991 269 990 801 826 4869 6154 9602 705 716 745 40 49 50 15757 15441 28149 3857 4286 5000 16 98 716 1386 1513 2562 52304 66822 62873 25 25 33 1921 1926 1553 5734 5228 7825 x x x x x x x x x 1447 3402 4689 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 129250 131534 123985 1107 1700 1344 -

1005 632 689 819 856 856 290 1339 1540 1820 1777 1708 1671 1635 1297 5675 4220 2569 2975 3222 3346 3028 3094 1 1 612 621 813 690 617 579 571 571 1121 589 558 789 961 1181 1181 1100 10489 11094 9936 9742 10376 10345 9146 12493 775 681 587 514 522 541 1115 1139 180 212 220 1089 789 52 55 53 58 36 48 51 12 37 51 44 167 39491 39409 35852 39041 46010 46544 54556 65556 140 98 68 107 69 144 5143 1040 101 175 147 164 158 346 154 155 96 77 1102 1085 950 565 466 1200 431 660 4150 4208 5236 4919 4600 4597 4135 4828 80373 140501 119758 282365 381149 387528 438568 502668 62 1854 1693 1325 1051 751 434 5082 5047 2257 2963 2883 1951 337 249 592 672 708 859 168 747 117 70 67 x x x x x x x x 686 6 91 67 29983 10853 10343 10734 10910 10332 10702 11749 141 166 1 2 53885 50669 43938 44991 46529 42200 46807 58196 7 2 2 2 2 2 54508 31642 30581 29821 30296 27722 24771 29085 x x x x x x x x 986 1388 1518 1669 1526 1340 891 883 26

Non-OECD Total

228397 248831 258639 299275 307102 269137 436530 544674 543771 600722 695530

World

521589 558036 532604 555273 534813 475311 627786 743707 740180 761370 879467

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States(2)

27292 27373 34504 43367 45865 56031 62520 65316 64323 63644 61445 2856 500 787 1822 1484 1847 2151 2374 2158 1589 1418 17169 8994 7490 8996 7657 7001 4288 3070 2969 2724 1575 17556 14040 15039 13863 11483 18042 16162 8230 7534 6498 5529 1711 1224 1365 3228 2676 3876 3868 5027 7051 6226 7255 27780 11771 10665 10119 7532 5745 4887 5661 5127 3825 4107 3146 9662 11929 9992 11003 6641 6293 7901 6836 6780 6496 x x x 382 85 87 56 130 129 87 60 3035 5692 5318 4937 4890 3909 3197 5657 3909 4498 5719 40289 33510 25175 19122 14872 15258 14920 14368 11907 12818 12790 105801 46092 45641 44749 40231 44501 41759 47097 44054 36544 43475 651 161 1750 1380 1480 1121 563 710 523 337 635 2137 533 505 475 327 380 1 12 49 52 58 87 103 108 59 55 53 822 1066 1579 3184 2689 2944 2942 2445 2296 1891 1888 2927 3720 6568 10591 12124 13294 12940 12320 11823 11603 5787 11729 12694 10480 11355 18610 18921 18985 15779 16020 81690 17496 35935 50026 73768 96109 120444 128795 126815 111535 128957 16329 23803 35546 33041 28329 52384 61389 70308 78888 85679 91455 305 346 199 197 217 172 122 121 115 104 102 2894 1480 3970 8368 11358 16880 16468 12990 14460 16470 4794 2452 6215 9641 9388 8686 8327 8742 8266 8448 7945 2317 1760 1804 1842 1692 1788 3938 2830 3372 2698 2826 772 519 724 749 1018 1035 795 756 826 538 818 122097 138506 138825 102104 90418 70039 69281 71694 69656 65823 72185 805 241 680 4084 5253 5657 5476 4742 4156 4677 2700 5834 3037 3019 2743 2585 2059 2245 2167 2034 1936 1400 x x x 31 20 11 49 66 63 23 24 13260 11124 20290 21591 24176 29248 29485 29423 20529 15801 12421 1060 484 2538 2194 1798 1089 1223 1194 1188 993 991 258 315 640 481 245 173 178 182 162 155 166 4595 1223 1364 2811 3890 8484 13836 19534 15842 14892 21331 133527 111982 94858 96205 67429 51015 55210 55702 51289 43123 45232 492567 546581 645362 701657 752854 866163 932692 934633 931318 839346 876366

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

510123 127628 502596 514728 127628 502597

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland(2) France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Iceland(2) Ireland Israel Italy Japan(2) Korea(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2) Norway Poland Portugal(2)

IEA Total OECD Total

560621 70432 393464 561845 70432 393476

660401 107789 391415 663246 110716 391464

715520 128276 359795 722718 131996 360260

764337 149654 308735 775381 156222 308898

884205 206312 277979 899439 216903 278164

948854 248291 286321 969602 260415 286529

942863 267249 302966 964358 280543 303270

938852 273398 273302 958893 286338 273553

845844 263556 243602 866530 275876 243767

881895 284683 259794 905620 296506 259931

1140347 1024517 1159605 1203591 1222726 1368496 1483466 1513078 1485552 1353002 1426372 1144953 1025753 1165426 1214974 1240501 1394506 1516546 1548171 1518784 1386173 1462057

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.21

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Algeria Botswana Dem. Rep. of Congo Egypt Kenya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa Sudan United Rep. of Tanzania Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Argentina Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Panama Peru Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Other Latin America Bangladesh Cambodia Hong Kong (China) India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia

63 170 477 70 582 587 289 60408 33 941 2758 222 1072 2842 2859 1 13 86 32 53 243 12 73410 129 23580 13 74 78 1270 3572 1 2770 220

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

466 815 912 1040 1002 905 914 742 738 167 156 169 136 132 160 178 189 194 150 1 12 16 90 151 96 66 89 110 109 95 103 635 1110 1774 2665 4018 4938 5019 4462 4099 3131 288 106 58 56 9 10 10 768 16 3 20 77 413 193 143 151 94 55 20 3 8 8 8 8 9 152 215 215 254 313 79803 119870 119225 142985 154566 172428 179264 193381 182754 183961 2 1 15 3 43 79 75 85 90 95 95 21 21 15 618 471 375 148 128 140 14 1 1 6 1623 2757 4743 3873 3484 3008 2689 2525 2490 2437 278 379 436 442 697 758 1127 974 970 2030 624 421 246 850 500 594 612 609 622 608 200 268 161 986 3521 4528 4692 4955 3602 4892 3419 3885 4050 4927 3644 3659 3175 3810 4284 4720 1 1 1 2 25 1 4 4 95 126 153 77 22 22 18 24 17 23 224 17 80 93 476 728 763 747 781 22 215 409 447 452 294 345 61 12 135 183 64 105 103 46 32 32 51 60 6 25 57 112 338 664 1075 1180 1073 1142 805 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 3 42 42 355 7 181 51 62 62 71 2635 1135 235 98 563 642 660 742 897 1257 1257 1800 138 3 5523 8928 9109 6058 10824 12261 11345 12331 10324 87296 120167 166231 233168 296333 391652 454084 491283 534612 560098 124 313 2148 877 4520 11871 15632 675 951 11372 30170 37200 32650 23300 22140 24060 20139 22474 21622 20004 76 517 1936 2303 3298 12728 16519 17717 19677 21308 480 595 1290 70 -75 221 223 80 15 38 145 163 169 177 879 83 17 81 123 430 413 328 309 324 135 1098 1567 2320 2546 2166 5139 8586 6350 6508 8686 254 1248 1344 1711 7246 7029 7729 9078 7367 11181 1 1 347 1 8 5 93 68 72 75 190 4443 8523 13080 21959 36819 49792 54758 52374 49995 58410 94 212 250 2305 3684 8479 13841 15885 15475 16758 4052 4990 3951 5917 7808 14510 16623 20386 22397 23242 657 345 303 221 564 737 681 872 915 1416

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 2.3: World steam coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

PR of China Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Republic of Moldova Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Bahrain Islam. Rep. of Iran Lebanon

1973 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010e 414180 559188 741034 970522 1176244 1095040 1816465 2073184 2295651 2445172 2816428 89 135 187 240 1 6136 5073 6724 4192 1750 2054 3310 4165 4203 3015 2939 74 97 97 49 52 49 40 21 8 192 300 52 8490 6781 6880 4269 18 392 78 67 97 70 55 x x x x x x 403 143 623 1057 1081 1121 799 1939 x x x 12 72 3 18 14 5 158 x x x 137 55 218 67 93 151 48 2 2540 388 400 x x x x x x x x x x x 552 3 3 2 x x x 200 6 x x x 2389 1125 504 168 83 76 79 11 x x x 637 38 27 18 48 119 226 166 x x x 55823 50342 31309 48836 57692 64100 56120 60903 x x x 4014 505 830 887 575 554 502 59 x x x 917 252 97 120 162 162 130 125 x x x 1303 372 130 284 379 324 101 150 x x x 4510 1315 181 167 130 198 179 x x x 186148 112597 98284 96447 95505 106563 69630 100283 x x x 1044 7 14 88 164 182 186 177 x x x 670 x x x 84932 55256 35306 33793 37900 42660 38188 34848 x x x 2740 81 69 73 160 198 101 198 490220 397576 419445 x x x x x x x x 20 948 83 100 75 158 264 406 447 415 311 302 1 180 200 200 200 200 200 293

Qatar

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

Saudi Arabia

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

29

Syrian Arab Republic

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-OECD Total

1101534 1186065 1487112 1693554 1864867 1830677 2734512 3095119 3382424 3511560 3975208

World

2246487 2211818 2652538 2908528 3105368 3225183 4251058 4643290 4901208 4897733 5437265

(1) Steam coal is also commonly known as thermal coal. It includes anthracite and bituminous coal. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Includes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.23

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia(2)

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Switzerland Turkey United States(2)

24121 32894 38380 45990 50752 67293 67152 65613 66033 68252 67225 3328 3274 3868 2504 1743 1381 1275 95 88 79 108 95 275 276 195 220 206 317 281 173 95 8058 15911 26653 30260 36734 40465 39760 44221 42915 38232 37845 61 40 35 75965 79822 83854 71772 52300 50372 47622 48577 45381 44238 43301 x x x 25954 14561 13232 14804 16810 15704 13769 17890 2775 2570 2418 2094 1516 355 36 51 67 51 52 372497 391753 432521 364050 194811 169942 177892 180560 174833 169846 169327 13000 22692 36214 52053 56962 64564 70096 66373 64632 65213 54826 26896 25849 24583 19005 15529 13893 10247 10088 9930 9327 9205 38 45 36 53 14 25 24 21 303 470 390 429 429 427 444 462 1299 1385 2041 1089 196 30 8 4 4 585 606 100 27 28 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 20 156 103 69 33 46 50 58 25 28 25 143 208 264 159 243 213 246 260 253 260 292 34282 35308 57565 67391 63196 59488 61589 57529 59651 57084 56593 12784 16039 15784 12481 7221 4213 3307 2935 3374 3266 3042 x x x 6058 5219 4914 5143 5198 5134 4919 5061 3062 14691 23242 20776 15054 12850 11550 9579 2431 1375 2072 13 8 6 39 85 75 66 62 7642 15801 35301 46178 52471 64406 57315 72827 75894 76651 68971 12948 42129 62063 79023 80764 74265 76136 71851 70443 65105 63595

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

21006 58040 88716 24364 33129 38644 553550 609463 717769 21067 58080 88751 24364 33129 38644 553550 609463 717769

IEA Total OECD Total

598920 700632 845129 815221 629773 624038 624579 631037 616335 599855 577263 598981 700672 845164 847536 650025 642578 644958 653477 637603 618991 600679

Austria Belgium(2) Canada Chile(2) Czech Republic Estonia France(2) Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan(2) Luxembourg Mexico(2) Netherlands New Zealand(2)

109283 46149 659789 109283 46452 691801

117498 50995 461280 117500 51465 481060

114730 67506 441802 114734 67896 459948

115896 67398 441285 115899 67827 461232

116072 65873 449092 116075 66302 471100

113358 66286 436691 113361 66713 457529

103337 68512 428006 103341 68956 446694

101440 67517 408306 101443 67979 431257

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 2.4: World brown coal consumption (1) (continued) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Angola Other Africa Argentina Brazil Peru Venezuela Other Latin America Brunei Darussalam India Indonesia DPR of Korea Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Albania Bulgaria Cyprus Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia F.Y.R. of Macedonia Serbia Former Yugoslavia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Russian Federation Tajikistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Soviet Union Saudi Arabia

1280 2788 6991 4786 3762 5059 7913 14985 112 612 4172 7000 10000 12000 10660 5687 6054 27 43 38 471 671 824 40 304 1171 1232 1 1 2 361 1525 5132 12457 2206 4200 810 1420 2150 1843 26311 29704 30657 31778 17690 27364 38404 36872 x x x 19670 x x x 743 x x x 6808 x x x 45800 31356 40516 68217 x x x x 3443 x x x 2140 x x x 3 x x x x x x 134047 x x x 450 x x x 7983 x x x 6200 157138 163030 157015 x -

5040 22298 11015 7600 3914 23 1091 1293 62 18496 80 30873 40635 1640 188 7293 40550 x 3630 287 82065 27 3000 2947 x -

6813 24824 18060 7243 5142 59 928 1357 4725 17586 45 73 25844 29313 7437 80 7702 37106 x 2438 339 1 88257 13 793 3473 x -

5734 30239 30062 7746 5473 85 2010 2880 5005 21046 95 77 24870 1 32961 8865 83 7470 35324 x 4197 452 3 73156 15 409 3112 x -

5847 34654 38314 6478 5907 113 1059 2595 5718 18121 1811 102 77 28687 1 36613 10315 65 6966 37359 x 4145 472 70147 23 194 3448 x -

5523 31846 48144 7235 5844 115 841 2716 5640 18492 954 76 98 28530 1 37497 11370 61 7730 38590 x 3876 474 80769 23 189 3320 x -

4672 34409 56865 6954 6610 117 1200 2693 5831 17843 79 304 27171 1 34076 10688 49 7475 39037 x 4230 602 70225 23 30 3716 x -

8 1 1 5631 1 18 2 1 33085 37679 6953 8613 134 1167 5211 1 1580 18458 722 22 29296 31676 10927 1 6843 37355 x 5498 537 1 75891 23 121 3159 x 1

Non-OECD Total World

247955 286521 336663 352990 284047 289651 301370 319231 339954 334900 320617 846936 987193 1181827 1200526 934072 932229 946328 972708 977557 953891 921296

(1) Brown coal represents lower grade coal and includes lignite, sub-bituminous and oil shale. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Excludes sub-bituminous coal. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.25

Table 2.5: OECD consumption of coke oven coke (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

4983 2681 8429 5454 333 5913 96 .. 877 14783 37220 414 2317 13 2 7099 51800 356 3235 2173 2657 20 826 14212 306 2422 .. 5349 1900

5077 2674 6542 5519 399 6244 116 .. 1224 13180 32691 261 2243 16 8 1 7379 45795 3086 2282 2494 2363 13 849 17849 317 1642 .. 3917 1618

3520 2993 5789 5212 334 6472 68 .. 1218 10353 29657 55 2000 34 22 1 7258 44859 5359 1854 3022 2539 6 881 14671 401 2126 .. 3758 1494

3300 2403 5265 3412 373 5713 40 20 1272 7714 21127 42 1183 30 29 6413 49890 8800 1447 2528 2339 373 529 9854 240 2833 70 3365 1422

3952 2354 4287 3682 590 3857 43 1 1192 6219 14879 12 990 18 6 5656 41939 10593 521 2951 2454 369 500 8294 296 1964 57 3131 1496

3456 2436 3928 3429 506 3144 40 2 1443 6119 14982 1 804 47 5041 41604 12288 1 3591 2027 349 559 5762 323 1815 72 1923 1495

3001 2735 2951 3361 540 2949 34 1416 5043 12209 4 751 33 5271 43191 9276 1 3166 2082 418 356 3399 5 1984 60 2027 1701

2852 2737 2422 3633 522 3208 38 1414 4669 13105 2 775 34 4983 45486 10477 1 3240 2148 418 437 3905 4 1797 52 1935 1478

2899 2717 2942 4191 576 2886 35 1 1360 4735 12360 1 735 21 4250 40776 11557 2 3564 2145 392 448 3533 4 1715 39 2136 1405

3061 2147 1415 3326 431 2290 26 1034 4101 9770 1 644 19 2487 37879 9888 1 1644 1758 414 294 2693 3 1752 30 1732 840

2002 2675 1105 3220 392 1936 23 1269 4228 12243 1 753 18 3584 42437 14178 1 1873 2133 458 426 3491 2077 29 1842 1424

Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

185 1251 17034 64235

131 1954 7296 37446

82 2803 9209 26553

43 3256 8244 25230

31 3201 6517 22180

27 3592 6114 21085

20 3428 5001 16547

22 3816 5243 15666

24 4097 5102 15428

22 3500 3737 9364

18 3696 3428 13469

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

69689 42965 31765 57159 53971 53744 129219 112780 105703 72195 45858 35121 57161 53972 53745 129219 112796 105737

28642 62363 84773 31543 62363 84893

25862 56853 67900 29403 56853 67976

24514 57697 61576 28611 57697 61697

19908 55886 53367 23614 55886 53460

19299 59233 54139 23061 59233 54225

19619 55624 52632 23759 55624 52693

12690 51242 40247 14765 51242 40296

16689 59075 46353 18954 59075 46400

IEA Total OECD Total

256067 209716 191212 175778 150615 143787 129161 132671 127875 104179 122117 258575 212626 194603 178799 154232 148005 132960 136519 132076 106303 124429

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1045.19

from

from

4758.18

1533.41

5097.22 950.35

2882.69

2754.92

60.37 16.55 34.65 179.41 4.56 15.22 9.19 1.22 7.93 87.62 172.97 6.62 20.72 0.00 10.11 8.42 147.99 203.99 72.04 2.60 111.70 80.45 7.71 11.56 25.84 9.59 9.75 1.87 72.57 2.61 6.27 67.42 178.70 1234.50

47.83

93.53

93.44

0.42 2.53 3.24 0.69 0.00 0.87 1.73 0.00 0.65 5.49 16.11 0.02 0.33 0.00 0.06 0.00 3.36 4.46 8.85 0.12 0.00 3.38 0.00 0.60 3.19 0.63 0.21 0.09 1.45 2.04 3.44 0.11 2.11 27.34

Natural Gas Other* (Million tonnes CO2)

113.15 32.88 52.23 253.90 45.47 23.77 20.20 2.84 24.80 217.00 270.97 48.49 17.17 1.68 21.08 27.38 191.08 491.97 182.06 6.98 254.27 64.70 17.55 22.99 63.82 31.82 8.84 7.40 168.47 30.97 32.12 76.53 171.58 2101.04

Oil

from

3576.79

12044.73

11483.68

394.88 63.37 100.70 520.75 64.93 109.84 46.78 14.66 55.01 354.30 750.19 90.22 48.16 2.00 39.46 64.63 389.28 1092.86 515.46 9.99 399.67 176.11 31.31 37.31 286.76 53.14 33.17 15.15 283.37 41.71 42.42 256.31 465.80 5195.02

Total

% Coal in

29.22

33.0

33.8

56.0 18.0 10.5 16.7 22.9 63.7 33.5 72.4 39.3 12.5 38.7 38.9 20.6 15.6 20.8 44.6 12.0 35.9 49.0 3.0 8.4 15.7 19.3 5.8 67.6 20.9 43.3 38.2 14.4 14.6 1.4 43.8 24.3 35.3

(%)

emissions

total energyrelated CO2

2.25

2.30

2.30

3.01 2.00 1.76 2.05 2.26 2.62 2.51 3.09 1.66 1.38 2.36 3.06 1.94 0.38 2.75 3.00 2.36 2.32 2.25 2.53 2.29 2.25 1.80 1.32 3.05 2.21 1.98 2.17 2.24 0.92 1.57 2.62 2.37 2.40

(t CO2 / toe)

related CO2/TPES

Energy-

0.38

0.41

0.40

0.74 0.29 0.39 0.61 0.63 1.45 0.28 1.82 0.39 0.24 0.38 0.54 0.85 0.18 0.32 0.40 0.35 0.22 0.68 0.38 0.55 0.41 0.46 0.19 1.19 0.43 1.06 0.59 0.40 0.15 0.15 0.72 0.28 0.46

2000 US$)

(kg CO2/

related CO2/GDP

Energy-

7.70

9.83

10.54

17.87 7.58 9.33 15.43 3.84 10.45 8.47 10.94 10.30 5.49 9.16 8.00 4.81 6.26 8.83 8.69 6.47 8.58 10.57 20.10 3.72 10.66 7.23 7.73 7.52 5.00 6.12 7.42 6.17 4.48 5.44 3.57 7.54 16.90

(t CO2 / capita)

related CO2/population

Energy-

Share in

x

100.0

95.4

2.5 0.6 1.1 4.9 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.6 4.9 6.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 3.1 9.0 4.4 0.1 3.3 1.5 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.4 0.9 0.5 1.9 3.8 41.3

(%)

TPES

total OECD

Sources: IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2005-2006 (Paris: OECD, 2008) and CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (Paris: OECD, 2008).

Note: Energy-related CO2 emissions are calculated using the Tier 1 IPCC Sectoral Approach. Emissions from the combustion of biomass-derived fuels are not included in accordance with the IPCC greenhouse gas inventory methodology. * Other includes industrial wastes and non-renewable municipal wastes.

1587.99

EU27

3971.30

3877.15

4995.81

5237.72

IEA Total

220.94 11.41 10.58 86.74 14.90 69.97 15.67 10.61 21.63 44.20 290.13 35.09 9.93 0.31 8.21 28.84 46.85 392.44 252.51 0.30 33.71 27.57 6.05 2.17 193.91 11.09 14.36 5.79 40.88 6.09 0.60 112.25 113.42 1832.14

Coal

from

131.07 31.66 57.22 254.12 28.78 41.99 18.61 4.75 33.17 256.22 318.53 29.44 24.86 5.22 14.34 21.55 164.63 471.99 229.18 3.95 174.64 78.17 17.40 28.24 93.99 24.10 16.72 6.97 126.52 45.41 26.95 97.66 196.76 2162.92

OECD Total

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

(Mtoe)

TPES

Energy-related CO2 emissions

Table 2.6 : Key Energy and CO2 Emissions Data for OECD Countries (2009) Share in

x

100.0

95.3

3.3 0.5 0.8 4.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.5 2.9 6.2 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.5 3.2 9.1 4.3 0.1 3.3 1.5 0.3 0.3 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 2.4 0.3 0.4 2.1 3.9 43.1

(%)

energy-related CO2 emissions

total OECD

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) - III.26

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.27

3. TRADE

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.29

Table 3.1: World and seaborne coal trade (million tonnes) Steam coal

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Coking coal

Hard coal

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

Total

Seaborne

270.0 286.6 288.0 297.5 287.8 287.6 253.0 267.7 288.5 317.7 339.9 361.9 357.6 402.3 454.0 464.1 513.0 556.6 567.0 646.4 679.2 635.1 659.3 676.4

143.1 155.3 166.2 181.6 201.1 210.1 198.2 217.4 239.1 271.3 284.6 292.5 302.4 337.7 384.7 407.6 445.3 492.3 504.0 574.8 606.7 546.9 580.7 597.3

174.3 191.9 190.9 199.1 193.3 172.8 186.5 182.9 193.9 195.0 200.7 186.2 185.0 183.3 199.1 187.6 205.9 197.3 206.4 222.8 246.8 230.5 204.8 262.1

133.7 149.8 154.1 154.3 164.3 153.9 160.6 163.2 172.1 174.7 181.6 171.3 172.4 167.7 181.3 172.4 190.5 180.1 186.9 204.4 225.6 211.8 189.8 244.7

444.2 478.5 478.9 496.6 481.0 460.5 439.6 450.6 482.3 512.7 540.5 548.1 542.6 585.7 653.1 651.7 718.9 753.9 773.4 869.3 926.0 865.6 864.1 938.5

276.7 305.0 320.3 335.9 365.4 364.0 358.8 380.6 411.3 446.0 466.2 463.8 474.8 505.4 566.0 580.0 635.8 672.3 691.0 779.2 832.3 758.6 770.4 842.0

Table 3.2: World total hard coal trade Japan

Other

OECD

(million tonnes) Oth. Eur. Africa +

Asia

Europe

+ Eurasia

Mid. East

North

Latin

Balancing

America

America

item

World

Exporters

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

Australia Canada Poland United States Other OECD Total OECD PR of China Colombia Indonesia Kazakhstan Russian Fed. South Africa Other non-OECD Tot. Imp./Exp.

103.6 118.6 121.3 148.2

15.6

18.2

0.4

0.2

2.1

2.0

3.9

2.8

5.3

6.0

9.4

9.3

8.9

13.5

13.5

3.6

3.6

-

-

0.1

-

1.2

1.9

1.2

2.0

-0.5

3.3

1.5 261.7 297.7 28.5

-

-

-

-

9.7

10.8

0.1

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-1.4

-0.9

8.4

10.0

1.1

3.0

5.0

13.4

26.3

27.5

1.2

4.2

1.6

2.4

7.7

9.0

8.0

8.7

2.6

5.8

53.4

73.9

0.4

0.4

0.0

0.0

11.6

9.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.0

0.0

6.7

9.5

19.2

19.8

114.5 130.9 139.8 175.2

66.7

69.3

1.9

4.7

3.9

4.5

13.0

14.2

14.5

16.7

16.8

33.3

19.3 371.2 434.6

6.0

7.0

15.0

12.3

0.9

0.1

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

-

0.0

0.9

0.7

22.8

20.1

0.0

0.2

-

13.4

34.9

35.5

0.4

0.3

1.0

0.1

17.5

14.3

8.0

7.8

5.4

-3.0

67.3

68.5

34.5 183.2 291.1

12.0

9.1

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.2

2.0

1.7

0.5

0.8

32.4

-86.1 -176.3 144.2 161.9

-

-

-

-

0.3

0.3

0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

28.5

8.8

12.1

32.9

31.0

62.0

46.0

9.9

14.3

1.3

1.6

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.8

32.5

29.3

32.8

0.5

0.3

24.9

43.1

31.6

17.4

0.3

-

2.1

3.4

0.8

1.3

0.4

2.2

6.2

1.9

66.9

69.6

1.7

1.6

46.0

46.8

9.0

39.6

2.0

2.8

13.4

12.0

1.2

2.4

1.0

1.1

-21.1

-47.6

53.3

58.8

164.1 186.6 441.8 612.8 217.5 217.3

15.0

22.8

21.9

21.7

34.8

34.0

24.6

29.0

3.3 116.2 108.8

-48.5 -169.1 871.2 955.1

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The data in the columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America Notes: are import statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in Notes: the columns mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based Notes: on export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates.There are some uncertainties Notes: in the regional breakdown of the different types of coal. Therefore, the Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, Notes: the Balancing item also accounts for regional differences occurring due to the method that each country uses to classify its Notes: coal imports and exports, coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing Notes: and exporting countries. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.3: World steam coal trade Japan Exporters

Other

OECD

(million tonnes) Oth. Eur. Africa +

Asia

Europe

+ Eurasia

Mid. East

North

Latin

Balancing

America

America

Item

World

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

69.8 85.9 66.8 68.8 4.4 3.3 Australia Canada 6.3 2.7 4.5 3.2 0.6 0.8 Poland 7.4 9.6 United States 0.8 0.4 0.6 4.3 11.0 11.0 Other OECD 0.3 0.0 0.0 7.1 6.6 Total OECD 77.1 89.0 71.8 76.3 30.5 31.2 PR of China 4.5 6.3 13.7 10.3 0.9 0.1 Colombia 0.0 0.1 - 13.4 34.6 34.8 Indonesia 21.7 21.5 179.4 288.5 12.0 9.1 Kazakhstan 0.3 0.3 Russian Fed. 6.2 10.2 28.3 22.8 60.2 43.4 South Africa 0.4 0.3 24.4 42.9 31.1 16.8 Other Non-OECD 1.7 1.6 41.8 31.2 7.3 29.5 Tot. Imp./Exp. 111.5 129.0 359.3 485.4 176.9 165.3

0.2

-

0.7

0.5

3.9

2.8

0.0

0.6

-9.3

-

-

-

-

0.3

0.6

0.0

0.1

-4.7

-18.9 136.5 143.1 -1.5

6.9

5.7

0.0

0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.8

-1.5

6.7

8.2

0.1

0.0

0.6

1.2

5.5

5.9

0.8

1.2

0.3

-1.1

19.6

23.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.0

0.0

5.3

6.4

13.0

13.6

0.4

0.2

1.4

1.8

9.9

9.7

0.8

2.0

-9.2

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.1

-

0.0

2.3

2.1

21.3

18.8

0.4

0.3

1.0

0.1

17.5

14.3

7.2

7.0

6.4

-2.6

67.2

67.3

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.2

2.0

1.7

0.5

0.8

-16.6 182.7 193.6

-73.7 -162.0 142.1 160.6

0.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

28.1

6.5

8.7

1.3

1.6

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

2.2

32.3

28.8

32.7

5.4 105.0

92.5

0.3

-

2.1

3.4

0.8

1.3

0.4

2.1

6.8

2.7

66.3

69.4

2.0

2.8

12.7

12.0

1.2

2.4

0.5

1.1

-19.0

-33.3

48.3

47.3

10.2

12.7

18.6

18.9

31.6

29.5

9.7

13.4

-56.1 -172.0 661.7 682.1

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The data in the columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America Notes: are import statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in Notes: the columns mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based Notes: on export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates.There are some uncertainties Notes: in the regional breakdown of the different types of coal. Therefore, the Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, Notes: the Balancing item also accounts for regional differences occurring due to the method that each country uses to classify its Notes: coal imports and exports, coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing Notes: and exporting countries. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources.

Table 3.4: World coking coal trade Japan

Other

OECD

(million tonnes) Oth. Eur. Africa +

Asia

Europe

+ Eurasia

Mid. East

North

Latin

Balancing

America

America

Item

World

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 Exporters Australia(1) 33.9 32.7 54.5 79.4 11.1 14.9 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.5 5.3 5.4 18.8 20.5 125.2 Canada 3.1 6.3 9.1 10.4 3.0 2.8 0.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.9 4.2 4.8 21.5 Poland 2.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.6 0.6 1.7 United States 0.4 2.6 4.4 9.0 15.3 16.5 1.0 4.1 1.0 1.2 2.2 3.1 7.2 7.4 2.3 6.9 33.8 Other OECD 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 4.5 2.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.4 3.1 6.2 Total OECD 37.4 41.9 68.0 98.9 36.3 38.0 1.4 4.5 2.5 2.7 3.2 4.5 13.7 14.7 26.0 35.8 188.5 PR of China 1.5 0.7 1.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 1.5 Colombia 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 -1.0 -0.3 0.1 Indonesia 10.7 13.1 3.8 2.6 - -12.4 -14.3 2.1 Kazakhstan 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.5 Russian Fed. 2.7 1.9 4.7 8.2 1.8 2.6 3.4 5.6 0.0 0.0 -1.4 -2.1 11.2 South Africa 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.1 -0.6 -0.8 0.6 Other Non-OECD 0.0 0.0 4.2 15.5 1.7 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 -2.0 -14.3 5.1 Tot. Imp./Exp. 52.5 57.7 82.5 127.5 40.6 52.0 4.8 10.1 3.3 2.8 3.2 4.5 14.9 15.6 7.6 2.8 209.4

2010 154.6 27.5 1.8 50.9 6.2 241.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1 16.3 0.1 11.5 273.0

Notes: The data in this table come from a variety of sources. The data in the columns for OECD Europe, Japan and North America Notes: are import statistics from those regions and countries. The data in the rows from Australia to Total OECD, except the data in Notes: the columns mentioned above, are export statistics from these countries and regions. The data in the World column are based Notes: on export statistics. All other data are based on national and international sources and estimates.There are some uncertainties Notes: in the regional breakdown of the different types of coal. Therefore, the Balancing item is used to account for this. In addition, Notes: the Balancing item also accounts for regional differences occurring due to the method that each country uses to classify its Notes: coal imports and exports, coal in-transit, coal that is unaccounted for, confidentiality, and reporting discrepancies by importing Notes: and exporting countries. (1) Includes exports of soft and semi-soft coking coal used for pulverised coal injection (PCI). Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics and Secretariat sources. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.31

Table 3.5: World hard coal imports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

World

OECD

Non OECD

344150

266147

371469

284780

375420 491353

(thousand tonnes) OECD Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Europe Eurasia

78003

16416

137017

112714

4583

11169

32300

29951

86689

19894

137451

127435

4675

10760

38143

33111

291069

84351

18618

143030

129421

4681

10974

40402

28294

313378

177975

18506

160219

134653

4123

11688

43526

118638

488184

333497

154687

17157

170642

145698

4722

12261

42608

95096

472123

330953

141170

17966

166139

146848

4649

11927

48123

76471

443444

317942

125502

16268

146854

154820

4756

12645

54230

53871

461138

338618

122520

18466

151539

168613

5200

13171

54501

49648

491858

360442

131416

19295

160868

180279

5355

13467

61312

51282

502942

373039

129903

22735

166694

183610

6594

14448

65292

43569

531916

397328

134588

26097

174205

197026

6880

14348

71495

41865

537969

403552

134417

30197

180077

193278

8222

14773

69836

41586

538769

408611

130158

31885

173930

202796

7848

14646

77972

29692

610310

458527

151783

36895

196449

225183

9089

15263

86166

41265 42939

652501

491516

160985

45088

213962

232466

10170

14928

92948

665089

490072

175017

38906

205317

245849

11088

15638

110179

38112

710441

518090

192351

46206

219340

252544

10739

16349

118570

46693

770744

556725

214019

45909

237360

273456

10815

17317

142592

43295

789797

556487

233310

52882

236093

267512

11104

17426

163664

41116

854422

592733

261689

61194

258714

272825

11312

16860

187160

46357

902444

606574

295870

55456

261610

289508

11258

18766

217941

47905

908187

603272

304915

53591

252315

297366

11420

19348

219080

55067

915416

538560

376856

41016

217489

280055

9437

17221

312516

37682

1048109

575807

472302

41111

217394

317302

9393

22755

399002

41152

Table 3.6: World brown coal imports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

(thousand tonnes) OECD

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

World

OECD

Non OECD

16604

13347

3257

-

13347

-

-

-

1601

1656

16656

13266

3390

-

13266

-

-

-

1434

1956

16165

12370

3795

-

12370

-

-

-

1163

2632

18855

13698

5157

-

13698

-

-

-

825

4332

19385

16569

2816

-

16569

-

-

-

2

2814

15093

13393

1700

1

13392

-

-

-

1

1699

13119

12352

767

2

12350

-

-

-

1

766

10517

10130

387

1

10129

-

-

-

1

386

10586

9115

1471

2

9113

-

-

-

271

1200

11286

8534

2752

469

8065

-

-

-

265

2487

10278

8614

1664

967

7647

-

-

-

542

1122

10975

8231

2744

2211

6020

-

-

-

2048

696

12649

9795

2854

3676

6119

-

-

-

2465

389

16259

10026

6233

4525

5501

-

-

-

4744

1489

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Africa M. East

Europe/ Eurasia

16781

8908

7873

3567

5341

-

-

-

6027

1846

18218

11678

6540

8197

3481

-

-

-

5244

1296

19908

12415

7493

9228

3187

-

-

-

5141

2352

17590

9810

7780

6544

3266

-

-

-

5729

2051

16623

9452

7171

6772

2680

-

-

-

4797

2374

15990

7910

8080

5042

2868

-

-

-

5250

2830

20554

10975

9579

8144

2831

-

-

-

5898

3681

21621

13078

8543

9645

3433

-

-

-

5825

2718

15623

7607

8016

4678

2929

-

-

-

5800

2216

15206

6421

8785

3931

2490

-

10

22

6687

2066

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.7: World hard coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea 18279

9133

13309

14960

8886

9781

1585

14345

x

2970

1941

14022

90916

11065

12114

13304

8766

11685

1936

17477

x

3700

1743

17455

101241

22657

12658

15943

11071

10569

12137

2587

14522

x

4410

2290

16852

101509

24216

14761

19389

13580

10455

14783

2449

14169

53210

6046

2003

18527

106918

23729

14421

21792

15423

12988

19611

3075

12567

46911

5272

1368

18444

112675

29094

14014

21989

15452

14279

20339

3450

13003

39723

6495

1630

22139

110626

30781

11894

14231

13090

12726

18400

6631

8468

28200

7330

1428

25345

112053

37381

12659

12190

15483

11504

15088

6880

9366

27198

10556

1209

26721

121477

41009

14099

13190

15052

13408

15896

6533

9735

22734

12512

1635

28698

127354

45831

12814

15758

16348

11994

17799

6464

11740

20081

13175

3217

30907

130372

46074

12796

13604

20031

11340

19757

6792

13504

20715

16440

2013

35777

136217

51997

12634

18424

22249

14554

21244

7868

16494

21800

16535

1586

35083

130044

53586

10836

17841

22678

20098

20293

8204

16129

16044

19700

1673

38669

138615

54569

11347

18980

27948

21649

23446

11271

18790

25518

20930

2178

40708

150340

64895

12681

15960

33511

18916

35542

18672

20141

27820

20548

2661

43074

154616

66381

9906

18142

32607

24514

28687

16060

13987

20866

23260

11258

46570

161306

71708

9390

16768

34917

21552

31891

22614

13451

25217

21683

11098

49529

166418

73405

9790

19460

39536

24473

36153

24635

12797

22259

28484

18614

54757

180804

78963

8804

19851

37105

24756

43968

27506

14104

22390

38586

26172

55455

176977

76758

8056

20391

42132

23704

50528

32691

15868

25742

43081

38106

57061

179118

79707

7415

18958

46287

24439

43364

32865

10399

23441

49794

51016

59344

187004

88285

7431

21288

45427

20967

43876

30913

11026

30992

59003

40340

58019

184402

99584

4806

15437

38475

17038

38167

20408

8353

23808

73255

125840

52709

164051

102982

2533

17540

45725

12818

26521

17421

8845

19340

90137

176958

63238

186637

118591

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea

Table 3.8: World brown coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

264

49

2162

2

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

226

49

1883

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

267

57

1990

-

-

-

-

x

-

-

-

-

-

276

69

2083

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

276

2

3428

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

244

2

3640

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

226

-

2991

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

212

48

2623

265

-

-

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

195

53

2132

481

-

-

-

-

-

-

59

-

-

227

42

1950

136

-

-

467

-

-

-

241

-

-

219

37

2151

-

-

-

965

89

-

-

442

-

-

196

32

1944

-

-

46

2163

22

-

-

2010

-

-

159

37

2053

-

-

41

3630

3

-

-

2435

-

-

219

52

1796

-

-

80

4441

10

-

-

4701

-

-

207

59

1997

-

-

79

3486

242

-

-

6017

-

-

205

23

848

-

-

121

8074

-

-

-

5244

-

-

188

42

35

-

-

107

9117

127

-

-

5141

-

-

190

40

17

-

-

114

6426

170

-

-

5726

-

-

206

36

9

-

-

128

6641

253

-

-

4797

-

-

289

37

53

-

-

191

4848

341

-

-

5250

-

-

317

51

27

-

-

108

8033

270

-

-

5888

-

-

282

67

28

-

-

119

9523

275

-

-

5821

-

-

172

51

10

-

-

130

4544

338

-

-

5800

-

-

96

52

-

-

-

135

3793

280

-

-

6360

-

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.33

Table 3.9: World coking coal imports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

World

OECD

Non OECD

164203

129576

34627

178687

143012

35675

177466

141289

171198

(thousand tonnes) OECD Europe

6072

50322

73182

3271

10788

10202

10366

6736

53911

82365

3289

10290

11890

10206

36177

6377

54572

80340

3001

10901

13129

9146

136986

34212

5211

55546

76229

2478

11354

13841

6539

169121

137142

31979

5384

54340

77418

2918

11673

13501

3887

166310

131482

34828

5453

51742

74287

3070

11273

13958

6527

163714

130090

33624

5355

50305

74430

3210

11413

14301

4700

174011

133181

40830

5135

50837

77209

3421

11570

16646

9193

179642

134521

45121

4844

52723

76954

2960

11628

15893

14640

181161

137498

43663

5557

54228

77713

3305

11997

15559

12802

183395

137599

45796

4991

56107

76501

3409

11468

19292

11627

177109

136511

40598

6359

58512

71640

4116

11133

16798

8551

168638

130791

37847

5819

52851

72121

3771

10407

17701

5968

178461

139299

39162

6557

56071

76671

4217

10499

17751

6695

171764

133489

38275

6791

52154

74544

4113

10317

17872

5973

175566

134491

41075

7191

48850

78450

5071

10117

19775

6112

176368

131000

45368

5547

47389

78064

4979

10509

21852

8028

198321

141119

57202

6162

52253

82704

5102

10454

30368

11278

194476

136629

57847

6523

52941

77165

5063

10435

29892

12457

195975

140291

55684

6466

56064

77761

5080

10355

28014

12235

207708

145237

62471

5551

58941

80745

4698

11483

33412

12878

209238

146288

62950

5584

59030

81674

5127

11941

34165

11717

202889

117467

85422

3711

40579

73177

3705

11149

63789

6779

256207

142440

113767

5016

52038

85386

3271

14561

84613

11322

Americas

Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Asia Oceania

Europe Eurasia

Table 3.10: World steam coal imports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

World

OECD

Non OECD

179947

136571

192782

141768

197954

(thousand tonnes) OECD Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Europe Eurasia

43376

10344

86695

39532

1312

381

22098

19585

51014

13158

83540

45070

1386

470

26253

22905

149780

48174

12241

88458

49081

1680

73

27273

19148

320155

176392

143763

13295

104673

58424

1645

334

29685

112099

319063

196355

122708

11773

116302

68280

1804

588

29107

91209

305813

199471

106342

12513

114397

72561

1579

654

34165

69944

279730

187852

91878

10913

96549

80390

1546

1232

39929

49171

287127

205437

81690

13331

100702

91404

1779

1601

37855

40455

312216

225921

86295

14451

108145

103325

2395

1839

45419

36642

321781

235541

86240

17178

112466

105897

3289

2451

49733

30767

348521

259729

88792

21106

118098

120525

3471

2880

52203

30238

360860

267041

93819

23838

121565

121638

4106

3640

53038

33035

370131

277820

92311

26066

121079

130675

4077

4239

60271

23724

431849

319228

112621

30338

140378

148512

4872

4764

68415

34570

480737

358027

122710

38297

161808

157922

6057

4611

75076

36966

489523

355581

133942

31715

156467

167399

6017

5521

90404

32000

534073

387090

146983

40659

171951

174480

5760

5840

96718

38665

572423

415606

156817

39747

185107

190752

5713

6863

112224

32017

595321

419858

175463

46359

183152

190347

6041

6991

133772

28659

658447

452442

206005

54728

202650

195064

6232

6505

159146

34122

694736

461337

233399

49905

202669

208763

6560

7283

184529

35027

698949

456984

241965

48007

193285

215692

6293

7407

184915

43350

712527

421093

291434

37305

176910

206878

5732

6072

248727

30903

791902

433367

358535

36095

165356

231916

6122

8194

314389

29830

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.11: World coking coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea

4874

7532

2200

3437

6492

-

5589

x

2970

224

3490

63935

9247

6838

8165

2248

3643

7082

-

6255

x

3700

50

4687

71128

11237

7064

7769

2281

4000

7998

-

5917

x

4410

303

4921

68689

11651

7132

7848

1706

4169

8614

-

4491

-

5854

250

4237

64935

11287

6426

7660

1057

4652

9196

-

4744

-

5272

408

4350

61839

15572

5795

7457

1357

4343

8385

-

4848

-

6325

400

3748

57898

16381

4748

6904

987

4572

8602

-

4681

-

6936

-

3915

57104

17321

4444

6747

1093

3893

8065

-

4467

3237

9874

-

4032

60301

16902

5267

7300

1427

3244

7754

-

4129

2215

9378

-

4390

59799

17151

5325

7387

2189

3318

8245

-

4833

1708

10617

-

3946

59479

18226

4328

7235

2536

3745

8072

-

4301

1274

11745

398

6033

59098

17395

4195

7052

4299

3905

8646

1050

4597

292

10023

103

5636

53649

17979

3953

6950

3519

3548

8020

1065

4041

2

10992

263

5375

54880

17227

3818

6543

4608

3755

8462

1547

4296

200

11063

339

5158

57081

19575

4169

6942

3984

3424

7723

2091

3987

-

11107

277

5373

56625

17899

3363

6405

5174

3425

6315

2207

4315

-

12947

256

5272

58435

20003

3220

5577

5504

3321

6474

1556

3272

-

12992

2605

5274

57744

20315

3577

6798

6875

4043

6345

1987

3429

-

16925

6830

5078

60884

21808

3533

6255

7152

3571

6551

1603

4228

866

16891

7195

4968

56530

20627 20081

3490

5995

8692

3622

6774

1533

4253

167

17877

4663

4872

57672

3247

6191

9627

3682

7481

1515

3322

-

22029

6219

4483

58205

22532

2993

7239

9255

3371

6349

1580

3286

1450

21080

6857

4757

57584

24083

1666

3610

6448

2058

5164

947

2204

225

24690

34417

4024

52514

20659

1339

4615

7793

2777

6235

1385

3122

183

30380

48398

4828

57680

27706

PR of Chinese China Taipei

Japan

Korea

Table 3.12: World steam coal imports - selected countries Belgium France 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Germany

Spain

UK

(thousand tonnes) USA Canada Russian Fed.

India

4259

5777

12760

5449

3289

1585

8756

x

-

1717

10532

26981

9032

4227

3949

11056

5123

4603

1936

11222

x

-

1693

12768

30113

11420 12565

5594

8174

8790

6569

4139

2587

8605

x

-

1987

11931

32820

7629

11541

11874

6286

6169

2449

9678

53210

192

1753

14290

41983

12442

7995

14132

14366

8336

10415

3075

7823

46911

-

960

14094

50836

13522

8219

14532

14095

9936

11954

3450

8155

39723

170

1230

18391

52728

14400

7146

7327

12103

8154

9798

6631

3787

28200

394

1428

21430

54949

20060

8215

5443

14390

7611

7023

6880

4899

23961

682

1209

22689

61176

24107

8832

5890

13625

10164

8142

6533

5606

20519

3134

1635

24308

67555

28680

7489

8371

14159

8676

9554

6464

6907

18373

2558

3217

26961

70893

27848

8468

6369

17495

7595

11685

6792

9203

19441

4695

1615

29744

77119

34602

8439

11372

17950

10649

12598

6818

11897

21508

6512

1483

29447

76395

35607

6883

10891

19159

16550

12273

7139

12088

16042

8708

1410

33294

83735

37342

7529

12437

23340

17894

14984

9724

14494

25318

9867

1839

35550

93259

45320

8512

9018

29527

15492

27819

16581

16154

27820

9441

2384

37701

97991

48482 51705

6543

11737

27433

21089

22372

13853

9672

20866

10313

11002

41298

102871

6170

11191

29413

18231

25417

21058

10179

25217

8691

8493

44255

108674

53090

6213

12662

32661

20430

29808

22648

9368

22259

11559

11784

49679

119920

57155

5271

13596

29953

21185

37417

25903

9876

21524

21695

18977

50487

120447

56131

4566

14396

33440

20082

43754

31158

11615

25575

25204

33443

52189

121446

59626

4168

12767

36660

20757

35883

31350

7077

23441

27765

44797

54861

128799

65753

4438

14049

36172

17596

37527

29333

7740

29542

37923

33483

53262

126818

75501

3140

11827

32027

14980

33003

19461

6149

23583

48565

91423

48685

111537

82323

1194

12925

37932

10041

20286

16036

5723

19157

59757

128560

58410

128957

90885

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.35

Table 3.13: OECD coke oven coke imports (1) (thousand tonnes)

1973 Australia

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

44

7

-

-

Austria

1055

986

1274

815

718

981

1402

1438

1420

813

1268

Belgium

1110

1261

676

822

1259

1108

152

217

850

179

166

Canada

357

267

340

339

818

631

88

757

804

777

750

11

148

53

44

51

27

68

34

62

-

-

-

-

-

-

320

602

510

735

519

536

168 22

Chile Czech Republic Denmark

129

112

75

41

45

47

36

35

39

21

Estonia

..

..

..

12

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

Finland

832

1229

1231

786

274

505

505

572

534

246

462

France

3646

3000

2147

1109

885

1448

1525

1071

1310

1047

1264

Germany

4497

4202

2693

2001

2601

5987

3793

4693

4347

3168

4310

45

35

53

32

11

1

4

2

1

1

1

1207

1468

1486

478

351

5

205

27

16

6

8

Iceland

-

16

34

30

18

47

33

34

21

19

18

Ireland

13

8

22

29

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

82

101

134

115

745

506

848

426

228

-

18

-

-

-

261

493

2467

2500

1999

1293

413

879 629

Greece Hungary

Israel Italy Japan Korea

38

121

106

-

-

-

341

551

700

256

3247

2292

1854

1447

521

1

1

1

2

1

1

Mexico

150

122

121

124

437

631

390

274

348

208

391

Netherlands

677

832

405

360

649

515

341

509

186

78

243

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

577

531

700

534

522

543

382

442

455

279

434 137

Luxembourg

New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

-

-

-

-

34

16

117

119

85

55

38

102

157

13

34

-

6

1

4

1

-

922

130

268

456

178

155

260

455

415

275

610

..

..

..

68

57

72

56

49

34

25

29

459

553

209

172

846

137

136

136

204

121

204

1495

453

386

318

484

328

393

266

319

146

247

158

127

77

27

24

27

20

22

24

22

18

-

-

40

-

182

722

414

442

216

274

362

53

-

374

304

640

483

909

1069

722

178

113

United States

978

598

524

694

1648

3430

3202

2232

3269

315

1101

IEA Americas

1335

865

864

1033

2466

4061

3290

2989

4073

1092

1851

38

121

106

261

493

2467

2841

2594

2000

669

1508

20242

17422

14261

9859

11329

14117

11959

12678

11896

7447

10056

1496

1135

1038

1201

2954

4719

3748

3297

4483

1300

2242

40

122

107

261

493

2467

2841

2594

2000

669

1508

20242

17438

14295

9969

11404

14237

12048

12761

11951

7491

10103

IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe IEA Total

21615

18408

15231

11153

14288

20645

18090

18261

17969

9208

13415

OECD Total

21778

18695

15440

11431

14851

21423

18637

18652

18434

9460

13853

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.14: World hard coal exports - regional aggregates

World 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

OECD

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) OECD Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Europe Eurasia

354226

249047

105179

98990

48605

101452

41853

8938

16449

37939

387119

267936

119183

118021

49932

99983

44331

11146

17306

46400

389064

269849

119215

124314

46380

99155

47091

14176

18148

39800

502813

275708

227105

126918

45057

103733

50066

15371

21734

139934

488655

291078

197577

132913

37372

120793

47515

18590

26536

104936

479200

282416

196784

121120

34281

127015

52149

16930

35655

92050

432541

262671

169870

95881

34248

132542

51981

21441

32848

63600

442684

270717

171967

96432

42038

132247

55115

22613

40577

53662

483328

298612

184716

114322

46252

138038

59896

22553

52636

49631

503480

301776

201704

116539

42789

142448

60410

28398

64322

48574

529766

315094

214672

112318

43974

158802

64672

32685

66436

50879

534787

320612

214175

106283

46439

167890

61833

35969

67140

49233

528517

300050

228467

86609

40246

173195

66813

36760

77990

46904

599424

315492

283932

85092

41906

188494

70459

43321

96801

73351

650084

317455

332629

73692

49784

193979

69970

46428

139655

76576

637514

310909

326605

62612

42030

206267

69888

43854

139189

73674

690686

315914

374772

67176

37778

210960

72065

52392

160192

90123

720501

329160

391341

69098

39726

220336

68621

57650

168235

96835

769625

342916

426709

73163

36108

233645

72017

60833

179729

114130

815818

344242

471576

72852

37372

234018

69365

69699

209056

123456 127706

853937

367097

486840

83789

37702

245606

67524

71995

219615

860246

389967

470279

105208

30006

254753

58468

75181

202277

134353

865031

371230

493801

81850

25529

263851

68069

75284

210398

140050

955057

434642

520415

107206

27341

300095

69621

74678

228390

147726

Table 3.15: World brown coal exports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

Non OECD

(thousand tonnes) OECD

OECD

12689

11710

979

32

11678

-

-

-

912

67

12626

11194

1432

7

11187

-

-

-

1382

50

12370

10710

1660

10

10700

-

-

-

1660

-

17179

10178

7001

79

10099

-

-

-

2137

4864

17310

11131

6179

55

11076

-

-

-

2682

3497

18488

9874

8614

55

9819

-

-

-

5548

3066

16825

9543

7282

29

9514

-

-

-

5953

1329

14667

7042

7625

51

6991

-

-

-

7127

498

20714

6882

13832

-

6882

-

-

-

11273

2559

21618

5724

15894

11

5713

-

-

-

13094

2800

21109

4887

16222

2

4885

-

-

-

15017

1205

23106

4104

19002

293

3811

-

-

-

17226

1776

25391

3344

22047

47

3297

-

-

-

20317

1730

25394

2879

22515

55

2824

-

-

-

20675

1840

29003

3171

25832

161

3010

-

-

-

24137

1695

29929

2248

27681

242

2006

-

-

-

26566

1115

35711

1398

34313

229

1169

-

-

-

32206

2107

40849

1533

39316

309

1224

-

-

-

38204

1112

49720

1965

47755

351

1614

-

-

-

46660

1095

69914

2352

67562

430

1922

-

-

-

66411

1151

75456

2273

73183

678

1595

-

-

-

71708

1475

78923

3492

75431

1781

1711

-

-

-

73307

2124

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

World

Europe/ Eurasia

90388

1846

88542

520

1326

-

-

-

86484

2058

128001

1239

126762

342

897

-

-

-

126322

440

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.37

Table 3.16: World hard coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

30222

26740

72186

101152

8938

-

x

x

x

13530

170

549

41700

32340

31732

86203

99618

10121

1025

x

x

x

15646

200

625

44170

28943

32817

91457

98669

12487

1689

x

x

x

15338

160

1605

46931

28065

31000

95912

103396

13505

1834

56051

51480

22217

17290

100

3013

49900

22464

34103

98809

120183

16379

2196

37402

51963

12722

20001

110

4681

47357

22542

28165

92955

126242

14614

2309

40500

42459

7342

23363

130

9947

52059

22968

28274

67602

131752

17616

3825

25881

33821

3101

19815

100

10925

51711

27695

31695

64736

131201

18437

4135

23100

26000

4106

24194

673

13087

54838

31868

33993

80329

136702

18274

4242

26263

20768

2400

28617

651

20037

59676

28920

34448

82076

140856

24781

3617

25341

20840

2289

36485

478

23277

60224

29466

36530

75788

157557

27580

5105

23493

24857

2374

35331

540

26697

64200

28055

34183

72098

166796

30061

5908

24042

23294

1881

32297

823

30464

61300

24102

33539

53001

171861

29932

6828

27709

17025

2138

37437

1156

35680

66235

23245

32082

53006

186962

35391

7930

36737

34281

2320

55057

1292

36350

69910

23029

29618

44066

192178

38868

7560

41553

31268

3729

90125

1903

42460

69210

22623

26804

35805

204334

36510

7344

43497

26975

3092

83887

1517

46708

69231

20119

28280

38896

208749

45644

6748

54625

32572

2912

93986

1627

56759

71531

19684

25746

43351

218426

50902

6748

68616

24326

3883

86613

1294

67278

67946

19369

28064

45095

231311

53607

7143

86006

24446

3666

71676

1989

82309

71442

16735

27989

44860

231296

61968

7589

91391

28605

3457

63211

1554

117240

68747

11900

30422

53359

243588

64575

7373

98054

25953

3621

53111

1627

124727

66963

8461

31513

73688

252189

67761

7373

97470

32042

4794

45288

1655

127966

57891

8396

28466

53379

261742

66756

8477

105552

29121

5290

22348

2454

149396

67509

9965

33272

73929

297676

68491

6182

108796

32797

6071

20055

2073

161936

69566

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Table 3.17: World brown coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

1

-

32

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

301

-

-

7

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

341

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

x

x

x

-

-

884

-

193

9

70

-

-

-

3134

-

1433

-

-

1647

-

1275

10

45

-

-

-

2979

-

348

-

-

2561

-

1063

9

46

-

-

-

2896

-

-

-

-

5460

-

909

29

-

-

-

-

1321

-

-

-

-

5953

-

719

51

-

-

-

-

232

266

-

-

-

7127

-

368

-

-

-

-

-

2171

202

-

-

-

11271

-

45

11

-

-

-

-

2059

232

1

-

-

13093

-

37

-

2

-

-

-

883

223

-

-

-

15017

-

23

-

293

-

-

-

1620

109

-

-

-

17136

-

13

-

47

-

-

-

1604

73

-

-

-

20070

-

9

-

55

-

-

-

1592

147

9

-

-

20447

-

15

78

83

-

-

-

1245

299

-

-

-

23884

41

120

122

-

-

-

783

87

3

-

-

26273

-

36

109

120

-

-

-

1317

184

2

-

-

31927

-

27

117

192

-

-

-

315

211

2

-

-

37844

-

8

140

211

-

-

-

552

212

-

-

-

46299

-

-

251

179

-

-

-

539

248

-

-

-

65947

-

-

364

314

-

-

-

584

225

-

-

-

70159

-

1

1516

265

-

-

-

649

867

1

-

-

71981

-

68

287

233

-

-

-

893

788

17

-

-

84035

-

115

139

203

-

-

-

167

89

29

-

-

124872

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.18: World coking coal exports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

World

OECD

Non OECD

174260

146920

191195

161929

191866

(thousand tonnes) OECD Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Europe Eurasia

27340

69382

22506

55032

4755

-

3585

19000

29266

83895

21788

56246

5016

-

3250

21000

164800

27066

87800

21286

55714

4161

-

2905

20000

208775

162292

46483

84425

19781

58086

3633

-

3502

39348

201524

169976

31548

87432

16485

66059

3523

-

3889

24136

202245

161704

40541

77034

16339

68331

5088

-

3789

31664

184513

161116

23397

68967

17420

74729

4865

-

4453

14079

194372

158390

35982

70007

15843

72540

5764

-

5370

24848

193974

169662

24312

75819

18218

75625

6305

-

7314

10693

192331

170142

22189

76758

14826

78558

6133

-

7978

8078

195816

175094

20722

77406

12982

84706

5650

-

5207

9865

183168

165753

17415

71075

10273

84405

5167

-

5525

6723

177865

161877

15988

58092

10456

93329

2532

-

6855

6601

185723

168603

17120

58166

9747

100690

1744

-

7710

7666

193779

164995

28784

49967

8301

106727

973

-

13064

14747

181117

156604

24513

42503

7643

106458

759

-

14284

9470

184159

159546

24613

43755

6767

109024

584

-

14207

9822

188124

167676

20448

48196

6757

112723

917

-

6930

12601

205392

185601

19791

52711

6663

126227

557

-

8495

10739

199852

180273

19579

50149

8092

122032

730

-

8023

10826

214978

196284

18694

55872

7234

133178

935

-

7293

10466

235244

210734

24510

65242

6007

139485

1291

-

9079

14140

211546

188535

23011

55347

5916

127272

1382

-

7562

14067

270931

241056

29875

78434

5698

156924

1410

-

13922

14543

Table 3.19: World steam coal exports - regional aggregates

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

World

OECD

Non OECD

179966

102127

195924

106007

(thousand tonnes) OECD Africa M. East

Non-OECD Latin Asia America

Americas

Europe

Asia Oceania

Europe Eurasia

77839

29608

26099

46420

37098

8938

12864

18939

89917

34126

28144

43737

39315

11146

14056

25400

197198

105049

92149

36514

25094

43441

42930

14176

15243

19800

294038

113416

180622

42493

25276

45647

46433

15371

18232

100586

287131

121102

166029

45481

20887

54734

43992

18590

22647

80800

276955

120712

156243

44086

17942

58684

47061

16930

31866

60386

248028

101555

146473

26914

16828

57813

47116

21441

28395

49521

248312

112327

135985

26425

26195

59707

49351

22613

35207

28814

289354

128950

160404

38503

28034

62413

53591

22553

45322

38938

311149

131634

179515

39781

27963

63890

54277

28398

56344

40496

333950

140000

193950

34912

30992

74096

59022

32685

61229

41014

351619

154859

196760

35208

36166

83485

56666

35969

61615

42510

350652

138173

212479

28517

29790

79866

64281

36760

71135

40303

413701

146889

266812

26926

32159

87804

68715

43321

89091

65685

456305

152460

303845

23725

41483

87252

68997

46428

126591

61829

456397

154305

302092

20109

34387

99809

69129

43854

124905

64204

506527

156368

350159

23421

31011

101936

71481

52392

145985

80301

532377

161484

370893

20902

32969

107613

67704

57650

161305

84234

564233

157315

406918

20452

29445

107418

71460

60833

171234

103391

615966

163969

451997

22703

29280

111986

68635

69699

201033

112630

638959

170813

468146

27917

30468

112428

66589

71995

212322

117240

625002

179233

445769

39966

23999

115268

57177

75181

193198

120213

653485

182695

470790

26503

19613

136579

66687

75284

202836

125983

684126

193586

490540

28772

21643

143171

68211

74678

214468

133183

Note: Prior to 1990 excludes trade within the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.39

Table 3.20: World coking coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

13639

22436

46882

54733

-

-

x

x

x

3579

-

6

4755

13381

27609

56200

55881

-

-

x

x

x

3241

-

9

5016

11467

28677

59083

55228

-

-

x

x

x

2896

-

9

4161

11226

26851

57568

57750

-

-

31573

-

7775

3473

-

29

3633

9767

28786

58645

65450

-

-

15633

-

8503

3840

-

49

3523

10781

23124

53910

67561

-

-

24322

-

7342

3700

-

89

5088

12829

23921

45044

73941

-

-

6729

4247

3101

4283

-

170

4843

10694

27066

42941

71496

-

-

17367

3375

4106

4906

254

210

5764

12296

28564

47255

74291

-

-

8693

1999

-

6744

329

241

6305

9886

28722

48036

76968

-

-

6538

1509

31

7487

188

303

6133

9138

30092

47314

83462

-

-

8450

1371

44

4601

272

334

5650

6506

28353

42722

83312

-

-

6440

271

12

4855

385

285

5167

6635

28946

29146

91996

-

-

6400

184

17

5246

774

835

2517 1744

5290

28386

29780

99161

-

-

7300

344

22

6470

624

616

3813

26914

23053

104935

-

-

14431

316

-

11445

879

740

970

3521

22964

19539

104526

-

-

9196

271

3

13295

163

826

759

2710

23716

20039

106814

-

-

9470

328

24

13135

158

914

584

3036

23847

24349

110815

-

-

11935

245

417

5757

114

1059

917

3151

26710

26001

123896

-

-

9983

247

509

5260

46

1222

524

3601

25203

24946

119312

-

-

10007

289

530

4344

107

1550

672

2363

26674

29198

131164

-

-

10019

262

118

2543

36

1736

910

1683

26643

38599

136924

-

-

13614

329

197

3457

109

1922

1266

1725

21544

33803

125238

-

-

13276

299

453

636

269

2049

1357

1815

27528

50906

154623

-

-

13684

337

520

571

227

2221

1398

PR of China

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Table 3.21: World steam coal exports - selected countries Poland Canada 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e

USA

AusCotralia lombia

(thousand tonnes) Vene- Russian Kazakh- Ukraine zuela Fed. stan

16583

4304

25304

46419

8938

-

x

x

x

9951

170

543

36945

18959

4123

30003

43737

10121

1025

x

x

x

12405

200

616

39154

17476

4140

32374

43441

12487

1689

x

x

x

12442

160

1596

42770

16839

4149

38344

45646

13505

1834

24478

51480

14442

13817

100

2984

46267

12697

5317

40164

54733

16379

2196

21769

51963

4219

16161

110

4632

43834

11761

5041

39045

58681

14614

2309

16178

42459

-

19663

130

9858

46971

10139

4353

22558

57811

17616

3825

19152

29574

-

15532

100

10755

46868

17001

4629

21795

59705

18437

4135

5733

22625

-

19288

419

12877

49074

19572

5429

33074

62411

18274

4242

17570

18769

2400

21873

322

19796

53371

19034

5726

34040

63888

24781

3617

18803

19331

2258

28998

290

22974

54091

20328

6438

28474

74095

27580

5105

15043

23486

2330

30730

268

26363

58550

21549

5830

29376

83484

30061

5908

17602

23023

1869

27442

438

30179

56133

17467

4593

23855

79865

29932

6828

21309

16841

2121

32191

382

34845

63718

17955

3696

23226

87801

35391

7930

29437

33937

2298

48587

668

35734

68166

19216

2704

21013

87243

38868

7560

27122

30952

3729

78680

1024

41720

68240

19102

3840

16266

99808

36510

7344

34301

26704

3089

70592

1354

45882

68472

17409

4564

18857

101935

45644

6748

45155

32244

2888

80851

1469

55845

70947

16648

1899

19002

107611

50902

6748

56681

24081

3466

80856

1180

66219

67029

16218

1354

19094

107415

53607

7143

76023

24199

3157

66416

1943

81087

70918

13134

2786

19914

111984

61968

7589

81384

28316

2927

58867

1447

115690

68075

9537

3748

24161

112424

64575

7373

88035

25691

3503

50568

1591

122991

66053

6778

4870

35089

115265

67761

7373

83856

31713

4597

41831

1546

126044

56625

6671

6922

19576

136504

66756

8477

92276

28822

4837

21712

2185

147347

66152

8150

5744

23023

143053

68491

6182

95112

32460

5551

19484

1846

159715

68168

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 3.22: OECD coke oven coke exports (1) (thousand tonnes)

Australia

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010e

-

122

11

574

334

22

1

-

-

-

-

Austria

82

2

5

1

1

1

4

5

-

-

11

Belgium

469

768

847

915

557

293

20

102

107

405

140

Canada

368

80

22

193

334

300

154

178

70

75

83

-

45

34

-

19

41

39

46

12

-

-

3467

2450

1927

1451

1409

948

913

807

830

562

904

Chile Czech Republic Denmark

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Estonia

x

x

x

35

39

20

37

40

28

26

22

Finland

24

5

13

1

2

-

-

3

3

3

5

France

1012

870

553

383

307

711

643

796

993

617

122

10197

7692

6038

2945

287

75

75

122

167

105

189

Greece

31

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hungary

103

-

-

-

420

183

53

269

251

154

300

Iceland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Israel

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Italy

628

747

451

201

130

123

229

215

239

276

303

Japan

600

2068

4055

1880

3428

2593

1674

1382

944

1020

652

Korea

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Luxembourg

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mexico

-

79

95

4

1

2

2

3

3

-

-

680

702

880

829

1025

562

358

566

227

135

148

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Norway

51

36

122

5

-

2

2

-

-

-

3

Poland

2780

1770

1639

3662

3331

3691

4624

6337

6118

4813

6347

16

-

-

11

74

80

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

23

-

58

59

138

140

183

164

324

Germany

Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia

x

x

x

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Spain

2

3

11

42

81

744

610

1053

624

199

370 33

Sweden

11

114

77

41

67

29

35

27

33

274

Switzerland

-

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Turkey

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

United Kingdom

665

1265

1163

435

264

381

119

257

185

146

483

United States

1266

1879

1018

519

680

1039

1585

1310

1777

1186

1327

IEA Americas

1634

1959

1040

712

1014

1339

1739

1488

1847

1261

1410

600

2190

4066

2454

3762

2615

1675

1382

944

1020

652

20218

16437

13750

10926

8013

7882

7823

10699

9960

7853

9682 1410

IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

1634

2083

1169

716

1034

1382

1780

1537

1862

1261

600

2190

4066

2454

3762

2615

1675

1382

944

1020

652

20218

16437

13750

10961

8052

7902

7860

10739

9988

7879

9704

IEA Total

22452

20586

18856

14092

12789

11836

11237

13569

12751

10134

11744

OECD Total

22452

20710

18985

14131

12848

11899

11315

13658

12794

10160

11766

(1) Solid product obtained from carbonization of coal, principally coking coal, used mainly in the iron and steel industry. (1) Also includes coke and semi-coke made from lignite. (1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.41

4. PRICES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.43

Table 4.1: Japan coking coal import costs Total(1) (all sources) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Note:

60.72 60.61 57.86 55.39 51.91 55.03 56.39 55.19 50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13 163.82 151.45

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA 55.27 56.64 53.55 51.49 47.89 51.15 54.07 52.73 49.47 41.83 39.01 40.96 43.32 43.56 56.85 96.44 106.20 96.03 206.71 191.58 170.10

71.27 71.85 70.98 67.12 64.65 64.49 64.44 64.84 59.73 51.05 45.46 47.30 50.50 51.64 62.04 106.05 125.68 112.61 234.34 220.94 191.97

66.90 66.16 63.68 61.82 59.34 61.37 61.05 61.24 59.53 55.79 52.69 47.81 52.07 42.93 163.61 159.01 159.35 516.32 308.56 241.65 208.24

Africa

Russian(2) Federation

China

50.11 51.94 52.36 46.78 46.93 49.54 50.94 49.64 47.06 39.74 39.99 47.09 x x x x x x x x x

57.45 56.86 55.80 54.37 51.80 54.81 57.21 57.09 54.63 45.17 43.62 45.52 45.59 46.05 67.98 114.96 116.69 105.45 250.90 190.54 185.00

54.38 53.22 51.66 50.52 47.03 49.49 51.88 49.98 46.78 40.01 37.12 39.35 38.97 39.09 72.57 100.45 91.98 100.91 256.42 138.99 154.71

South

PR of

It should be noted that as a result of the import coal classification system used by Japanese customs authorities, most imports of Indonesian coal are recorded by customs as coking coal even though most of the coal is not used in the metallurgical industry. As this coal has a lower unit value than coking coal reported in other categories, the data presented in the Total column in this table, from 1991 onwards, tend to understate the total average unit value of coals imported into Japan for metallurgical use. Prior to 1991, the volume of imports reported by customs in this manner was not so large as to significantly affect the total averages.

Table 4.2: EU coking coal import costs from selected countries

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total(1) (all sources) 65.01 61.75 60.95 55.82 55.97 58.49 59.74 57.99 54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84 187.29 194.02

(Average Unit Value, CIF, US$/t) Australia Canada USA 67.29 60.84 60.76 55.67 55.56 57.03 59.72 57.97 55.00 47.33 45.45 51.24 55.52 58.03 73.63 114.89 135.52 127.74 220.54 243.76 213.42

64.53 60.80 61.51 55.40 52.42 57.02 58.52 57.61 54.18 45.58 45.92 54.59 56.90 61.31 76.64 113.81 137.66 129.45 220.91 223.39 205.20

63.07 61.65 61.22 57.13 58.22 61.20 62.03 60.08 58.53 54.14 52.91 58.54 61.48 64.18 84.75 110.91 123.44 126.95 175.35 160.22 191.43

South Africa 58.81 51.55 50.54 48.21 44.13 49.65 47.44 43.31 35.83 36.21 39.09 42.10 38.69 39.20 61.31 71.77 66.18 96.82 141.18 81.99 95.76

Russian(2) Federation 57.44 51.33 47.95 36.22 46.11 56.00 59.88 54.93 51.08 57.96 42.02 58.89 58.11 47.45 86.41 86.05 81.34 92.15 147.83 108.78 128.15

Poland 63.98 59.20 59.64 54.09 53.55 59.26 61.11 61.02 52.52 47.48 50.43 51.58 50.15 62.24 108.71 138.92 118.82 139.47 245.85 137.24 194.36

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 21 and Table 19 in Part I) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 4.3: Japan steam coal import costs

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total(1) (all sources) 50.97 50.43 48.47 45.92 43.88 47.85 49.29 45.26 40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42 111.12 110.40

Australia 52.23 51.68 49.29 46.31 44.92 48.87 50.24 45.59 40.80 36.12 34.59 38.32 37.39 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 71.03 127.23 111.87 111.12

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) USA South Russian(2) 53.17 52.36 51.22 51.05 49.91 52.65 54.32 49.86 47.52 45.37 45.49 45.99 48.63 x 186.48 x 596.68 553.99 151.26 47.12 84.43

Africa 47.95 48.36 46.93 44.34 42.47 48.27 49.86 46.58 41.50 37.34 35.82 38.05 40.30 35.21 x 80.64 x 77.46 105.49 87.62 107.07

Federation 46.54 44.93 43.73 40.24 38.68 43.45 44.63 42.57 38.46 30.24 30.68 37.61 34.35 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 72.28 121.34 101.62 106.42

PR of

Canada

China 47.59 47.69 46.04 43.55 39.05 44.48 46.52 44.73 39.96 34.89 33.69 36.95 36.25 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 73.60 124.10 118.18 112.29

48.26 46.76 46.30 45.76 42.88 44.20 45.91 42.01 38.25 33.50 34.72 36.94 37.34 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 66.04 125.52 103.84 107.80

Table 4.4: EU steam coal import costs from selected countries (1)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total (all sources) 52.64 50.69 48.59 37.99 40.35 47.51 45.62 43.52 39.72 34.43 35.22 42.96 38.69 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.80 82.21 137.79 100.28 104.12

Australia 52.03 49.14 50.07 38.85 40.74 45.06 48.25 46.38 40.03 36.68 39.04 44.13 43.28 46.83 69.05 106.40 109.71 103.73 184.75 149.29 197.74

(average unit value, CIF, US$/t) USA South Russian(2) 54.69 51.51 50.69 46.96 46.05 49.12 48.03 48.47 46.99 40.67 41.07 46.52 43.48 47.37 61.50 86.75 82.08 97.50 138.40 107.28 117.46

Africa 45.18 45.31 42.48 32.86 36.18 43.76 42.23 40.33 36.30 31.78 33.83 42.32 36.65 39.10 58.00 67.64 66.24 80.25 142.07 95.66 98.50

Federation 44.69 42.54 39.50 24.10 36.67 42.55 42.48 39.84 37.23 30.96 33.59 42.16 36.79 42.22 65.14 68.46 67.93 79.03 131.62 92.41 97.66

PR of

Poland

Colombia

China 49.36 47.14 45.46 45.65 41.78 45.29 46.18 52.87 52.85 32.58 31.45 40.90 44.30 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 73.02 161.12 x x

61.05 58.18 54.11 36.60 41.44 46.78 46.50 42.62 39.61 35.03 35.30 44.41 40.75 43.26 68.95 78.34 75.65 94.13 156.01 114.60 104.06

52.60 49.81 49.65 35.39 39.68 43.42 41.93 42.29 37.56 32.69 34.22 42.32 36.99 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 78.16 138.32 95.99 95.84

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Former Soviet Union prior to 1991. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Table 16 and Table 14 in Part I)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.45

Table 4.5: Steam coal export costs Exported from: To: 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 38.34 40.03 35.25 37.93 40.32 34.05 36.49 38.85 32.47 33.45 35.49 30.02 32.75 33.72 29.09 34.99 36.85 31.05 37.77 38.89 33.19 34.35 35.40 31.76 30.10 31.50 24.54 26.49 27.02 21.63 24.27 24.72 20.86 28.71 29.69 25.86 28.01 29.20 24.42 25.41 26.00 25.18 37.65 38.45 34.44 48.86 49.42 49.46 47.05 50.59 49.29 51.11 54.61 55.42 92.23 103.23 102.85 80.03 88.54 72.97 85.81 89.03 120.56

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 40.37 40.35 38.15 34.61 31.51 32.90 35.67 32.44 30.24 25.72 24.99 26.01 28.11 35.75 44.75 53.23 45.24 50.51 97.37 84.45 96.12

Total 39.99 40.63 39.53 39.78 38.22 38.94 36.94 34.84 32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76 81.33 71.63

Japan 41.76 39.73 39.66 39.08 37.13 38.61 40.02 38.55 37.00 35.40 34.90 37.70 40.41 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 198.41 143.02 113.97 83.85

EU(1) 42.54 41.50 40.90 41.60 40.23 40.91 36.80 35.88 33.05 29.39 28.26 34.69 33.09 32.18 42.06 76.79 64.17 66.30 81.46 95.04 82.21

Colombia

Indonesia

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 31.81 33.84 30.51 27.25 26.99 31.36 30.09 36.41 59.55 51.89 51.92 57.76 120.27 58.26 77.31

Total 42.75 42.23 41.22 38.52 36.40 42.71 42.71 39.90 35.82 31.00 29.60 32.07 29.98 25.00 38.00 44.50 47.25 60.91 115.48 55.29 71.01

Colombia

Indonesia

S. Africa Total 30.53 30.19 29.53 25.38 23.89 29.20 30.63 31.47 26.37 22.77 22.63 28.59 25.82 24.47 32.77 46.46 45.90 51.06 88.19 60.99 91.26

Table 4.6: Coking coal export costs Exported from: To: 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia (FOB) Total Japan EU(1) 47.72 46.98 48.00 47.96 47.24 48.23 46.78 46.44 46.53 44.28 43.85 44.06 41.36 40.24 41.41 44.23 43.37 44.45 47.56 46.11 48.56 47.37 45.52 47.73 43.97 42.47 44.10 35.99 34.60 37.59 32.85 31.64 33.66 36.93 34.46 39.99 40.16 36.79 44.34 39.75 36.18 43.14 48.84 45.51 51.43 88.94 83.74 100.84 98.27 94.04 106.29 84.16 79.50 93.67 194.87 193.79 215.74 143.83 165.07 168.94 171.75 154.53 193.93

(Average Unit Value, US$/t) Canada United States (FAS) Total 59.23 57.37 57.08 52.73 48.03 48.76 51.52 50.04 46.15 38.19 34.01 43.03 43.90 44.59 51.37 96.26 109.29 98.44 209.51 194.92 198.29

Total 51.55 50.80 50.01 48.63 47.11 48.47 50.05 49.99 48.55 46.19 42.98 45.88 50.06 49.11 70.14 89.91 111.72 98.10 148.39 129.77 160.32

Japan 50.34 50.18 49.58 47.99 44.72 45.35 46.51 45.94 45.98 44.46 41.99 x x 56.01 98.14 100.61 89.80 x 157.59 181.25 166.81

(1)

EU 52.41 51.33 51.72 50.71 49.82 51.13 53.12 52.87 51.67 49.27 45.58 50.10 53.14 52.19 63.60 89.53 102.37 99.84 132.75 124.64 157.76

Total

(2)

.. 42.22 36.50 .. .. .. .. .. 31.97 31.26 33.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

S. Africa Total 38.84 43.31 40.35 41.16 37.48 39.66 39.68 37.72 31.39 34.38 32.09 37.81 32.43 27.91 43.15 53.00 54.94 67.93 114.58 95.04 ..

(1) Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable (1) from one year to the next due to differing components. (2) Low ash bituminous; injection grade to Japanese steel mills Sources: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes (Tables 23 to 27) for Australia, Canada and the US, Latin America Coal & Power for Colombia prior to 2003, Indonesia Mineral and Coal Statistics 2004 for Indonesia prior to 2003, Coal Americas, Energy Publishing Inc. for Colombia and Indonesia 2003 onwards, Republic of S. Africa Minerals Bureau for South Africa prior to 2004, Xavier Provost, private consultant since 2004 and South African Coal Report .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 4.7: Coking coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29.69 .. 63.67 62.70 .. .. .. .. .. 51.84 62.91 .. .. .. .. 69.79 72.47 .. .. .. 105.55 .. .. .. 175.90 27.50 .. 68.57 64.11 .. 70.23 .. 48.94

2001 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1980 29.57 .. 66.51 64.82 .. .. .. .. .. 58.46 71.78 .. .. .. .. 69.57 73.35 .. .. .. 131.85 .. 116.19 .. 243.16 28.29 .. 103.43 72.84 127.61 83.99 .. 61.20

2002

.. .. 54.03 .. .. 55.32 .. .. 105.14 50.42 .. .. .. .. .. 58.22 46.93 .. .. .. .. .. .. 46.73 38.85 .. .. .. .. .. 71.75 .. 50.67

.. .. .. .. .. 65.73 .. .. 109.88 58.03 .. .. .. .. .. 60.99 48.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.46 32.64 .. .. .. .. .. 86.26 .. 55.73

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1985 24.85 .. 60.40 54.01 .. 44.30 .. .. .. 50.31 63.40 .. .. .. .. 62.38 66.24 .. .. .. 97.88 .. 72.51 .. 68.37 41.02 .. 63.42 64.56 102.86 57.26 .. 59.10

2003 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 126.04 59.67 .. .. .. .. .. 63.48 48.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 51.92 38.73 .. .. .. .. .. 92.36 .. 55.15

1990 .. .. 61.72 .. .. 52.62 .. .. .. 62.62 63.02 .. .. .. .. 64.88 68.03 .. .. .. 154.34 .. 93.32 .. 52.51 56.55 .. .. .. .. 82.07 .. 52.01

2004 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 158.63 72.00 .. .. .. .. .. 81.00 69.33 72.66 .. .. .. .. .. 95.31 .. .. .. .. .. .. 118.78 .. 66.99

1995 .. .. 57.55 .. .. 64.92 .. .. 101.01 59.55 60.34 .. .. .. .. 60.70 61.13 .. .. .. .. .. 89.69 60.05 43.92 .. .. .. .. .. 86.05 .. 51.52

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 196.65 106.19 .. .. .. .. .. 108.96 104.02 116.53 .. .. .. .. .. 114.57 .. .. .. .. .. .. 148.07 .. 91.26

1996 .. .. 57.49 .. .. 58.11 .. .. 101.95 58.50 60.96 .. .. .. .. 62.50 62.87 .. .. .. .. .. .. 56.20 45.25 .. .. .. .. .. 100.82 .. 51.52

2006 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 203.29 127.95 .. .. .. .. .. 117.95 112.09 120.23 .. .. .. .. .. 94.24 .. .. .. .. .. .. 161.57 .. 101.49

1997 .. .. 57.58 .. .. 56.28 .. .. 106.56 55.72 60.05 .. .. .. .. 61.12 62.65 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.94 42.79 .. .. .. .. .. 110.65 .. 51.58

2007 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 225.89 119.55 .. .. .. .. .. 124.19 108.07 110.12 .. .. .. .. .. 111.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. 200.52 .. 103.44

1998 .. .. 55.48 .. .. 58.08 .. .. 107.06 53.43 56.13 .. .. .. .. 59.26 58.61 .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.08 37.82 .. .. .. .. .. 94.11 .. 50.15

2008 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 382.62 207.93 .. .. .. .. .. 199.90 220.66 247.02 .. .. .. .. .. 221.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. 258.70 .. 128.62

1999 .. .. 49.29 .. .. 56.79 .. .. 105.93 47.44 .. .. .. .. .. 52.70 49.64 .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.32 31.74 .. .. .. .. .. 70.90 .. 49.91

2009 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 287.47 197.67 .. .. .. .. .. 152.00 207.53 169.43 .. .. .. .. .. 129.55 .. .. .. .. .. .. 269.73 .. 156.19

2000 .. .. 47.21 .. .. 50.73 .. .. 99.78 45.43 .. .. .. .. .. 53.26 45.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.10 31.67 .. .. .. .. .. 80.19 .. 48.41

2010 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 288.81 209.31 .. .. .. .. .. 185.72 171.25 .. .. .. .. .. .. 187.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. 272.13 .. 158.80

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.47

Table 4.8: Steam coal prices for industry (US$/tce) 1978 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 90.20 29.62 43.98 .. .. 76.39 .. 51.74 61.82 98.52 93.42 .. .. .. 70.05 71.23 .. .. .. 57.76 36.23 39.79 .. .. 7.88 .. .. 77.55 68.81 .. 49.74 36.26

2001 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 56.42 .. .. 34.09 28.43 .. .. 97.40 107.49 .. .. .. .. .. 50.90 49.69 51.13 .. .. .. .. .. 54.39 46.43 .. .. .. .. 68.67 52.41 63.69 39.02

1980 .. 119.83 42.87 42.74 .. .. 95.46 .. 77.80 107.40 120.31 119.98 50.47 .. .. 56.68 74.99 32.73 .. .. 62.94 41.62 62.32 .. .. 8.51 .. .. 93.41 95.71 86.47 91.28 41.85

2002 .. 75.33 .. .. 31.28 33.87 .. .. 96.68 109.32 .. .. .. .. .. 47.01 48.29 52.96 .. .. .. .. .. 50.23 39.74 .. .. .. .. 61.64 69.46 65.08 39.97

1985 27.23 65.63 54.28 50.08 .. 19.06 81.93 .. 57.34 89.61 98.18 .. 57.76 .. .. 56.50 66.49 40.62 .. .. 60.33 .. 45.67 .. .. 11.70 .. .. 69.90 70.26 51.63 72.98 44.31

2003 .. 87.64 .. .. 32.55 .. .. .. 113.53 130.49 .. .. .. .. .. 48.09 45.29 58.42 .. .. .. .. .. 56.63 47.00 .. .. .. .. 75.26 73.39 70.29 40.73

1990 .. 78.84 55.41 .. .. 24.44 119.94 .. 72.35 128.20 185.76 .. 100.92 .. .. 58.84 70.53 61.03 .. .. 62.74 .. 53.13 .. .. 15.25 .. .. 92.56 72.45 79.67 88.51 40.00

2004 .. 171.25 .. .. 53.28 .. .. .. 140.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 72.13 67.16 57.88 .. .. .. .. .. 65.40 .. .. .. .. .. 110.08 67.16 86.76 46.79

1995 .. 82.29 .. .. .. 31.30 84.94 .. 96.93 145.13 .. .. .. .. .. 57.35 62.00 56.01 .. .. .. .. .. 51.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.06 58.81 65.61 38.59

2005 .. 178.69 .. .. 55.22 .. .. .. 146.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. 83.23 81.25 66.77 .. .. .. .. .. 71.39 .. .. .. .. .. 110.03 78.71 99.65 56.31

1996 .. 74.31 .. .. .. 29.84 .. .. 89.18 142.46 .. .. .. .. .. 55.92 63.93 53.71 .. .. .. .. .. 52.50 .. .. .. .. .. 69.84 60.50 61.64 38.45

2006 .. 181.33 .. .. 53.65 .. .. .. 149.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.59 87.10 61.12 .. .. .. .. .. 81.68 .. .. .. .. .. 111.25 79.99 99.17 61.57

1997 .. 64.91 .. .. .. 27.73 .. .. 98.95 125.17 .. .. 62.66 .. .. 53.73 59.78 45.46 .. .. .. .. .. 50.53 47.43 35.95 .. .. .. 59.54 63.09 62.89 38.59

2007 .. 203.12 .. .. 56.79 .. .. .. 166.59 .. .. .. .. .. .. 97.48 97.98 75.29 .. .. .. .. .. 96.83 .. .. .. .. .. 145.85 115.02 113.43 64.85

1998 .. 64.72 .. .. .. 29.43 .. .. 97.05 126.61 .. .. 66.26 .. .. 46.24 53.76 33.38 .. .. .. .. .. 57.85 35.69 35.36 .. .. .. 58.75 61.75 64.98 38.42

2008 .. 249.48 .. .. 97.55 .. .. .. 249.09 .. .. .. .. .. .. 163.22 167.62 124.80 .. .. .. .. .. 135.19 .. .. .. .. .. 252.48 152.51 130.55 75.60

1999 .. 56.93 .. .. .. 28.33 .. .. 97.39 121.78 .. .. .. .. .. 37.90 47.47 49.56 .. .. .. .. .. 49.23 32.14 31.85 .. .. .. 55.12 57.96 62.93 37.60

2009 .. 243.64 .. .. 79.87 .. .. .. 192.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. 129.51 151.91 94.12 .. .. .. .. .. 122.71 .. .. .. .. .. 160.86 139.04 110.97 77.28

2000 .. 54.73 .. .. 29.69 26.96 .. .. 89.47 105.48 .. .. .. .. .. 43.46 45.68 58.36 .. .. .. .. .. 48.83 37.98 .. .. .. .. 60.13 53.26 59.32 37.77

2010 .. 236.50 .. .. 70.24 .. .. .. 193.76 .. .. .. .. .. .. 127.19 144.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. 125.20 .. .. .. .. .. 181.26 137.83 130.49 76.20

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 4.9: Steam coal prices for electricity generation (US$/tce) 1978 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10.83 173.19 53.08 37.88 .. 10.29 .. .. 51.74 .. 83.97 .. .. .. .. 41.32 90.58 .. .. .. 40.99 .. .. .. 31.26 4.30 .. 42.60 50.00 .. .. 52.18 29.96

2001 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

.. 48.41 49.46 21.27 .. 22.10 .. .. 53.62 51.04 52.51 .. .. 39.99 .. .. 53.65 .. .. 51.94 .. .. .. 43.31 44.23 .. .. .. .. .. 35.92 57.50 32.33

1980 14.47 176.96 62.51 48.61 .. 11.54 55.86 .. 77.80 56.31 100.08 .. 33.66 .. .. 57.37 90.23 .. .. 33.41 63.99 .. .. 3.31 44.39 4.81 .. 69.75 91.90 .. 49.88 91.65 36.39

2002 .. 55.78 45.21 22.02 .. 23.40 .. .. 50.59 48.35 46.27 .. .. 42.37 .. .. 49.77 .. .. 51.56 .. .. .. 44.13 37.06 .. .. .. .. .. 53.19 55.10 32.91

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1985 19.11 75.95 65.42 .. .. 15.70 56.88 .. 57.34 43.58 82.45 .. 38.53 84.91 .. 57.38 77.86 .. .. 42.39 65.72 .. .. 16.93 65.23 6.55 .. 50.82 50.43 .. 33.65 72.71 43.67

2003 .. 68.29 47.13 24.15 .. .. .. .. 55.49 47.85 50.64 .. .. 40.16 .. 43.38 .. .. .. 49.13 .. .. .. 49.33 44.00 .. .. .. .. .. 66.45 56.85 33.33

1990 29.05 80.98 59.60 61.02 .. 20.49 .. .. 72.35 57.35 141.95 .. 90.60 63.11 .. 67.72 101.84 .. .. 48.20 71.37 .. .. 17.03 58.90 8.61 .. .. .. .. 31.85 96.27 38.52

2004 .. 86.09 95.02 23.34 .. .. .. .. 76.99 71.64 70.87 .. .. 75.99 .. 70.11 .. 50.51 .. 56.83 .. .. .. 54.89 65.92 .. .. .. .. .. 90.65 73.98 35.48

1995 .. .. 57.28 .. .. 26.48 .. .. 96.93 55.34 163.77 .. .. 53.27 .. 65.27 92.27 .. .. 39.17 .. .. .. 43.52 50.80 .. .. .. .. .. 62.46 68.61 34.58

2005 .. 92.70 105.36 28.16 .. .. .. .. 82.82 84.41 80.73 .. .. 79.21 .. 83.45 .. 58.44 .. 62.69 .. .. .. 65.19 77.51 .. .. .. .. .. 88.29 81.19 40.50

1996 .. .. 59.85 .. .. 27.10 .. .. 89.18 54.15 56.55 .. .. 57.53 .. 67.66 87.88 .. .. 36.19 .. .. .. 41.72 51.69 .. .. .. .. .. 62.04 68.06 33.82

2006 .. 98.23 82.93 30.19 .. .. .. .. 85.36 82.15 78.92 .. .. 69.22 .. 79.24 .. 54.73 .. 64.79 .. .. .. 69.75 66.84 .. .. .. .. .. 86.87 86.73 44.47

1997 .. .. 55.95 .. .. 24.42 .. .. 59.94 53.83 49.61 .. .. 51.66 .. 63.14 74.99 .. .. 41.14 .. .. .. 40.84 48.20 24.33 .. .. .. .. 54.68 68.44 33.40

2007 .. 101.93 99.07 31.97 .. .. .. .. 96.21 94.53 91.38 .. .. 94.31 .. 100.83 .. 63.96 .. 70.26 .. .. .. 79.21 87.61 .. .. .. .. .. 97.12 102.00 46.45

1998 .. .. 44.82 .. .. 26.02 .. .. 49.45 46.68 47.17 .. .. 41.07 .. 56.89 63.46 .. .. 39.66 .. .. .. 44.20 41.25 23.73 .. .. .. .. 55.64 61.89 32.86

2008 .. 129.35 171.19 .. .. .. .. .. 164.25 153.44 154.47 .. .. 112.40 169.74 169.04 .. 96.49 .. 80.19 .. .. .. 110.19 162.01 .. .. .. .. .. 113.22 148.68 54.32

1999 .. .. 39.63 .. .. 26.43 .. .. 45.31 43.11 42.45 .. .. 34.88 .. .. 55.83 .. .. 44.02 .. .. .. 39.56 36.10 20.47 .. .. .. .. 54.01 58.20 31.92

2009 .. 141.37 100.77 .. .. .. .. .. 111.56 128.44 111.47 .. .. 128.53 165.17 122.09 .. 87.54 .. 78.20 .. .. .. 109.84 93.31 .. .. .. .. .. 112.43 105.08 57.97

2000 .. 56.94 42.95 20.54 .. 21.88 .. .. 44.40 41.98 42.94 .. .. 34.26 .. .. 51.42 .. .. 48.69 .. .. .. 38.86 34.67 .. .. .. .. .. 50.45 55.02 31.51

2010 .. 124.64 .. .. .. .. .. .. 116.89 122.05 119.27 .. .. 94.21 130.46 127.81 .. .. .. 83.49 .. .. .. 107.21 101.19 .. .. .. .. .. 127.32 119.15 59.42

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.49

5. COAL FOR OTHER USES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.51

Table 5.1: OECD coal-fired and total electricity generating capacity, 1990 to 2009 (GW) 1990 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

24.92 1.89 4.90 19.24 0.92 12.11 7.54 .. 5.79 14.23 42.73 3.89 2.24 .. 0.87 .. 9.03 40.47 .. 0.09 1.61 3.77 1.09 0.05 25.99 1.47 .. .. 10.41 .. 0.01 5.58 41.17 307.96

Coal 2007 29.42 2.20 .. .. 2.18 11.51 6.51 2.56 7.84 .. .. 4.81 1.37 .. 0.85 4.84 9.50 51.83 23.97 .. 5.20 .. 1.16 0.07 28.45 2.11 1.51 0.95 .. .. 0.28 10.67 31.29 315.05

2008

2009

1990

30.15 3.07 .. .. 2.21 11.58 6.25 2.60 7.80 .. .. 4.81 1.29 .. 0.86 4.84 10.32 53.73 27.40 .. 5.20 .. 1.16 0.02 28.37 2.13 1.50 0.90 .. .. 0.26 10.66 29.89 315.32

30.54 2.97 .. .. 2.21 11.65 6.41 2.55 7.53 .. .. 4.81 1.28 .. 0.85 4.84 10.40 56.28 27.84 .. 5.20 .. 1.16 0.02 28.51 2.17 1.50 0.90 .. .. 0.25 11.01 29.88 316.23

38.45 16.69 14.14 104.14 5.10 15.28 9.14 .. 13.22 103.41 97.75 8.51 7.18 0.94 3.81 5.07 56.56 194.73 2.34 1.24 27.37 17.56 7.18 27.13 27.97 7.40 .. .. 43.42 34.19 16.56 16.32 73.21 733.59

Total 2007 53.19 19.10 16.38 126.38 13.56 17.56 12.99 2.63 16.70 116.55 134.07 13.69 8.54 2.36 7.49 11.57 93.60 279.15 73.37 1.69 57.84 23.80 9.41 30.12 32.50 14.99 7.35 3.04 88.71 34.30 19.22 40.84 84.28 995.88

2008

2009

54.63 20.56 16.76 127.61 14.04 17.74 13.00 2.69 16.65 117.75 139.28 14.25 8.63 2.57 7.40 11.66 98.63 280.53 79.86 1.70 58.30 24.88 9.37 30.57 32.68 15.76 7.36 2.99 93.53 33.94 19.40 41.82 85.53 1011.26

56.95 20.85 17.50 131.48 15.52 18.33 13.40 2.67 16.32 119.10 146.95 14.22 8.81 2.57 7.60 12.13 101.45 284.49 80.61 1.70 59.33 25.99 9.49 31.14 33.03 17.39 7.15 3.05 96.27 35.29 19.54 44.76 88.02 1026.87

Notes: Includes multi-fired units. Notes: Includes autoproducers for all countries except Japan. Notes: For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Electricity Information

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Table 5.2: OECD coal and peat use for electricity production and heat sold (Mtce)

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

19.7 1.2 3.9 11.9 0.4 11.9 2.3 .. 1.7 14.8 104.2 2.0 5.8 0.9 1.9 17.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.5 52.9 0.3 2.7 .. 4.3 0.1

28.8 1.2 5.5 21.5 0.7 15.5 8.0 .. 4.9 24.4 115.9 3.8 6.9 0.8 6.0 15.0 1.2 0.2 2.6 0.2 77.0 0.1 4.1 .. 11.2 0.1

33.7 1.7 5.3 28.3 0.7 16.5 9.7 .. 4.5 15.0 123.3 6.9 6.0 1.2 2.6 9.9 30.0 6.9 0.2 1.0 5.3 0.3 82.9 0.3 4.1 .. 17.2 1.9

41.3 2.4 6.5 30.0 2.5 20.5 8.1 6.8 4.7 12.0 115.6 9.8 4.5 2.6 3.2 11.4 36.3 8.5 0.2 2.6 8.3 0.2 74.9 2.9 3.3 1.6 20.3 1.6

46.3 2.0 6.3 31.3 2.1 21.3 8.7 3.4 5.9 9.6 103.2 11.1 4.0 3.0 5.8 8.8 51.5 16.9 0.1 5.3 9.1 0.3 60.0 4.2 3.1 1.5 21.9 1.4

60.0 2.0 4.7 39.7 3.1 21.3 5.2 3.2 4.9 10.9 98.8 11.8 4.1 2.7 8.9 9.6 69.1 38.7 6.8 7.9 0.5 56.2 4.6 2.4 1.8 26.7 1.1

71.9 2.6 3.5 35.6 2.4 20.6 4.9 3.7 4.8 10.3 97.3 12.4 3.1 2.7 11.1 16.5 89.7 51.9 11.4 8.0 2.0 56.4 4.8 2.5 2.0 25.7 1.2

74.0 2.6 3.2 36.0 3.4 20.6 7.6 3.3 8.5 8.9 99.6 11.4 2.9 2.5 11.0 19.9 87.5 54.0 11.0 7.7 1.9 58.4 4.7 2.4 2.1 22.0 1.2

70.8 2.4 3.0 35.6 4.3 22.4 6.3 4.4 8.0 9.6 102.7 11.9 3.1 2.3 11.5 16.7 91.7 54.5 10.9 8.3 1.1 57.0 3.9 2.2 2.1 25.1 1.1

70.8 2.1 2.7 32.8 5.0 21.1 5.5 4.0 5.7 9.6 95.5 11.7 3.0 2.3 10.9 16.6 86.6 61.6 7.6 7.8 1.6 54.9 3.5 2.1 2.0 16.1 1.2

71.6 1.6 2.1 26.6 4.8 19.6 5.6 3.4 6.1 9.1 87.3 11.8 2.6 2.0 10.6 14.4 83.1 71.1 10.2 7.7 1.1 52.8 4.0 1.8 1.9 12.2 1.0

Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

1.8 65.0 309.9

2.6 74.3 417.2

6.0 61.4 501.8

7.8 68.3 565.7

10.5 49.7 636.7

14.1 41.1 716.5

13.5 46.0 718.7

16.2 50.5 706.9

19.0 46.4 717.5

20.5 42.2 707.3

19.3 35.2 628.2

IEA Americas IEA Asia Oceania IEA Europe OECD Americas OECD Asia Oceania OECD Europe

321.7 37.8 279.3 322.2 37.8 279.3

438.7 45.2 365.1 439.3 45.2 365.1

530.1 70.9 379.1 531.7 73.6 379.1

595.8 86.3 386.0 600.8 89.6 394.4

668.0 115.0 344.0 675.4 120.8 348.9

756.2 168.3 330.2 766.1 177.2 335.2

754.3 215.5 336.8 768.1 226.6 342.5

742.9 217.5 350.9 757.3 228.5 356.3

753.1 218.1 351.2 768.2 229.6 357.8

740.1 220.6 324.0 752.6 231.5 330.1

654.8 226.9 296.3 669.8 237.5 301.6

IEA Total OECD Total

638.9 639.4

849 849.6

980.1 984.4

1068.1 1084.9

1127 1145.1

1254.8 1278.6

1306.5 1337.2

1311.3 1342

1322.4 1355.6

1284.7 1314.1

1177.9 1208.8

Note: Note: Note: Note: Note:

"Coal" refers to all coal types, primary (including hard and brown coal), and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas) as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce units using calorific values largely submitted in annual questionnaires to the IEA Secretariat by OECD member countries. For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.53

Table 5.3: OECD coal use in coke ovens

(1)

(million tonnes)

Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD IEA Total OECD Total

1973

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

9.5 2.3 9.9 7.7 0.5 18.6 x 15.3 46.3 1.6 10.4 62.3 0.4 2.8 3.4 0.4 21.6 0.4 2.8 6.4 0.7 2.0 24.0 87.3 0.5 333.5 336.8

7.0 2.4 7.9 7.3 0.5 12.2 x 14.6 38.7 1.4 11.2 65.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 0.4 25.3 0.3 2.1 5.2 1.7 2.6 13.5 60.5 0.4 288.1 292.5

5.5 2.4 7.8 6.3 0.4 10.6 x 11.3 31.5 0.9 10.1 67.6 7.0 3.8 4.1 0.4 20.5 0.4 2.5 4.9 1.6 3.7 9.7 37.2 246.0 250.2

5.9 2.3 7.2 5.0 0.5 8.5 0.2 0.7 9.5 24.1 1.0 8.6 65.2 11.7 2.9 3.8 0.6 18.2 0.3 2.9 4.5 1.5 4.7 10.1 35.3 231.8 235.4

5.9 1.9 4.7 4.2 0.7 6.6 0.2 1.7 7.7 13.7 1.4 6.7 60.8 14.1 2.7 4.0 0.7 15.4 0.5 2.4 3.3 1.6 4.2 8.1 29.9 199.7 203.2

4.8 1.9 3.9 4.2 0.7 4.6 0.1 1.3 6.5 11.4 1.3 6.4 57.4 16.4 2.7 3.0 0.7 12.4 0.5 2.2 3.6 1.8 4.2 8.2 26.0 182.6 186.1

5.4 1.9 3.4 4.3 0.7 4.3 0.1 1.3 5.8 10.2 0.8 5.1 59.4 15.4 2.4 3.2 0.8 11.4 2.4 3.6 1.8 4.2 5.6 18.4 168.6 171.9

4.7 1.9 3.7 4.3 0.7 4.3 0.2 1.2 5.9 10.4 1.3 5.8 59.9 15.1 2.5 3.0 0.8 12.9 2.4 3.7 2.2 4.7 5.9 18.6 172.7 176.1

4.6 1.9 3.4 4.3 0.7 4.1 0.2 1.2 6.0 10.4 1.5 5.9 59.7 15.5 2.5 3.1 0.8 13.8 2.4 3.7 2.0 4.4 5.9 18.2 172.9 176.2

4.5 1.9 2.8 4.3 0.7 4.3 0.2 1.2 6.0 10.3 1.4 5.6 56.6 16.8 2.9 3.1 0.7 13.3 2.2 3.5 2.0 5.5 5.9 20.0 171.9 175.6

3.4 1.7 2.0 3.0 0.6 3.0 0.1 1.1 4.4 8.4 1.0 3.4 53.5 14.8 2.4 2.5 0.8 9.4 2.0 2.3 1.5 4.9 4.9 13.9 141.9 145.0

(1) For further information, see notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

Table 5.4: World consumption of pulverised coal injection (PCI) coals

Australia Belgium France Germany Italy Japan Korea Netherlands Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Colombia India Chinese Taipei Russian Federation Total World

(thousand tonnes) 2002 2003

1990

1995

2001

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

.. 513 1310 1730 170 5252 .. 680 219 .. 210 .. 767 200 487 .. 130 ..

.. 859 2305 1843 1230 8286 2181 845 313 .. 245 .. 585 2300 443 .. 472 ..

.. 1040 2251 2293 1139 11165 3741 1203 511 764 462 .. 764 2836e 231 2119 1319 309

.. 824 2506 2287 996 11045 4663 1240 427 689 487 .. 726 2563 215 2328 1253 238

655 712 2439 3060 1223 11097 5005 1330 404 542 471 .. 882 2501 336 2428 1267 259

807 642 2534 2641 1628 10416 5065e 1468 412 649 548 .. 895 2405 231 2059 1292 410

881 522 2936 2770 1678 10440 5481 1522 388 717 506 .. 1039 1519 233 2160 1156 2683

790 514 3193 2975 1818 10670 5852 1324 470 511 493 .. 1121 1814 198 2266 1409 2841

808 450 3110 3115 1030 11594 6284 1593 468 769 532 293 1242 1959 198 2377 1445 3500

825 478 2636 3071 1102 9705 6997 1353 406 661 515 444 1170 2482 255 2493 1113 3996

647 46 1343 1833 942 8625 6381 938 383 269 275 462 852 1501 300 2615 678 3315

11668

21907

32147

32487

34611

34102

36631

38259

40767

39702

31405

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.55

6. CHARTS

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.57

Figure 1: World steam and coking coal production (million tonnes) 7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Hard coal

Steam coal

Coking coal

Figure 2: World steam and coking coal trade (million tonnes) 800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Steam coal exports

Coking coal exports

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Figure 3: Coking coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 250

200

150

100

50

0

CIF Japan

CIF EU member states

Figure 4: Steam coal price CIF Japan and CIF EU member states (US$/t) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

CIF Japan

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CIF EU member states

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.59

Figure 5: Steam coal price US FOB vs. US domestic (US$/t) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

US domestic

US FOB

Figure 6: Steam coal price CIF EU member states (US$/t) and US exports (million tonnes) 45

160

40

140

120

30 100 25 80 20

US$/t

Million tonnes

35

60 15 40

10 5

20

0

0

US export volume

CIF EU member states

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Figure 7: OECD total primary energy supply (Mtce)

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1973

1980

1990

Coal

Oil

2000

Natural Gas

2007

Nuclear

2008

2009

Hydro

Others

Figure 8: OECD coal consumption and indicators (2005=100)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

GDP

Industrial production

Coal supply

Electricity generation

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Total TPES

2010e

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.61

Figure 9: Japan steam coal supply, imports, GDP annual growth rates 12%

25%

10%

20%

8%

15%

6%

10%

4%

5%

2%

0%

0%

-5%

-2%

-10%

-4%

-15%

-6%

Steam coal import

Steam coal supply

% change GDP

30%

GDP

25%

8%

20%

6%

15%

5%

10%

3%

5%

2%

0%

0%

-5%

-2%

-10%

-3%

-15%

-5%

-20%

-6%

Steam coal import

Steam coal supply

% change GDP

% change

Figure 10: EU member states steam coal supply, Imports, GDP annual growth rates

GDP

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

III.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III

Figure 11: Hard coal production by region (million tonnes) 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010e

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

OECD Europe Latin America

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

Figure 12: Hard coal consumption by region (million tonnes)

6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010e

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

OECD Europe Latin America

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART III - III.63

Figure 13: Hard coal imports by region (million tonnes) 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010e

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

OECD Europe Latin America

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

Figure 14: Hard coal exports by region (million tonnes)

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010e

OECD Americas Africa/Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

OECD Europe Latin America

OECD Asia Oceania Asia

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.1

PART IV DETAILED OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.3

DIRECTORY OF PART IV FIGURES AND TABLES Part IV of Coal Information contains detailed statistical information on coal for the 34 Member countries of the OECD and for regional aggregates (OECD Total, OECD Americas, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, IEA Total, IEA Americas, IEA Asia Oceania, and IEA Europe). The figures and tables of regional aggregates are presented before the country tables which are set out in alphabetical order. Data for each OECD and IEA region and country are illustrated in figures at the beginning of each section. This is followed by detailed statistical information presented in several tables for each region and country.

Figures: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Total primary energy supply by fuel Coal supply indicators Primary coal supply Coal consumption Electricity generation by fuel CO2 emissions by fuel

It should be noted that not all tables are shown for all countries. For example, in the case where a country has no or very few coal exports, the related tables (on volumes and values) are omitted. In each table, hard coal is the sum of coking coal and steam coal. Data for 2010 are provisional with the exception of Tables 7, 12 and 13 where data for 2010 are final. US$ refers to dollars used in the United States of America. Prices for regional totals are calculated as weighted average of available price data in

the region and therefore prices shown should be considered only indicative. Consumption is used as weight. Data are converted from unit prices to tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) using the country specific calorific values.

Tables: 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel 2. Energy supply, GDP and population 3. Coal production by type 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel 5. Coal balance 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses 7. Fuel prices to end users 8. Coal trade by type of coal 9. Hard coal imports by origin 10. Coking coal exports by destination 11. Steam coal exports by destination 12. Coal import values by origin 13. Coal export values by destination Interpreting energy data and comparing statistics between countries is made difficult by differences in definitions used by countries in the collection and reporting of data. In Part I, such differences are explained. The conventions used by the Secretariat in presenting energy data are also reported. In particular, readers are strongly advised to read the country notes. Conversion factors are also included for reference.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.5

OECD TOTAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9000

140

8000

120

7000

100

6000 80

5000 4000

60

3000

40

2000

20

1000 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

5343.69 1206.61 2810.63 1009.03 124.81 70.31 112.77 8.68 0.07 0.77 -

5811.80 1380.35 2779.29 1111.54 158.03 231.79 134.23 14.55 0.10 1.91 -

6460.15 1543.45 2671.30 1203.89 209.08 644.59 145.17 37.55 3.21 1.84 0.08

7560.21 1572.02 3021.27 1651.39 260.35 837.40 164.67 43.35 9.15 0.02 0.60

7829.68 1635.09 2941.73 1826.92 337.98 848.50 163.68 42.34 31.65 0.92 0.88

7482.46 1476.14 2797.39 1783.40 345.46 835.03 162.26 43.69 37.24 1.11 0.74

7732.58 1565.21 2806.20 1891.19 364.07 852.02 164.57 45.11 42.96 0.55 0.71

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.12 1.46 -0.30 1.04 3.08 13.92 1.50 9.00 25.38 5.28 -

0.78 -0.23 0.24 2.09 2.68 1.37 0.59 0.80 13.77 -2.62 12.27

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 12129 0.44 915.7 5.84 152.8 165.9 97.8 4472 ..

1980 14689 0.40 980.0 5.93 137.2 156.8 101.9 5668 60.7

1990 20182 0.32 1064.1 6.07 111.0 127.6 100.0 7629 76.9

2000 26223 0.29 1151.8 6.56 100.0 100.0 100.0 9727 100.0

2008 30712 0.25 1217.5 6.43 88.4 88.8 95.7 10810 110.6

2009 29633 0.25 1224.9 6.11 87.6 83.1 95.3 10403 97.2

2010e 30508 0.25 1230.9 6.28 87.9 85.6 .. 10772 104.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.04 2.04 -1.86 -1.24 0.89 0.74 0.23 0.03 -1.86 -1.24 -1.54 -2.23 0.13 -0.25 3.19 1.65 1.24

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

290.52 741.29 213.10 2.30

304.93 846.82 230.27 2.67

281.49 970.89 274.53 5.52

228.76 935.50 212.85 3.49

250.28 1018.53 212.67 2.85

218.71 971.14 208.51 4.37

267.49 957.34 203.35 4.73

-0.26 2.27 2.13 7.57

-1.32 0.00 -1.44 -1.22

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

296.47 891.53 666.19 8.05

310.10 1026.16 699.47 9.34

282.54 1175.31 834.61 16.41

234.94 1163.77 630.72 10.71

261.20 1271.56 630.66 8.44

228.54 1207.25 617.01 12.77

279.45 1187.54 598.54 14.06

-0.40 2.33 1.90 6.11

-1.11 0.14 -1.58 -1.31

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.7

OECD TOTAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

4022.09 433.10 2262.88 712.11 120.43 0.51 463.47 29.59

4202.30 369.87 2247.91 798.19 149.81 0.73 0.04 584.81 50.93

4442.25 337.10 2275.28 841.53 133.64 2.83 2.58 788.42 60.88

5209.22 201.86 2643.74 1066.07 193.64 3.95 5.25 1024.89 69.81

5429.50 199.33 2706.84 1048.49 226.42 5.21 6.00 1150.50 86.72

5338.19 191.60 2605.43 1058.30 237.48 4.22 6.75 1148.26 86.15

5117.05 164.05 2502.22 1012.35 238.88 4.90 6.89 1103.17 84.59

0.59 -1.46 0.03 0.99 0.61 10.63 3.17 4.34

0.75 -3.72 0.50 0.98 3.10 2.95 5.30 1.78 1.75

1368.66 260.96 447.56 357.77 60.36 0.04 226.45 15.52

1345.23 229.06 398.14 358.53 70.87 0.04 266.54 22.05

1185.14 229.65 241.92 322.58 52.17 0.23 0.01 317.39 21.19

1304.12 173.09 206.84 402.70 101.06 0.45 0.14 396.76 23.09

1269.05 170.14 190.03 371.09 107.39 0.42 0.19 392.65 37.14

1225.17 155.60 180.56 364.43 104.95 0.42 0.19 383.23 35.78

1103.93 129.19 162.25 337.57 98.27 0.41 0.02 341.99 34.23

-0.84 -0.75 -3.55 -0.61 -0.85 10.47 2.01 1.85

-0.37 -2.98 -2.08 0.24 3.39 3.09 1.23 0.39 2.56

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

993.31 10.48 950.97 24.28

1117.56 3.71 1080.95 24.22

1343.71 0.41 1305.52 26.69

1639.07 0.14 1590.07 29.97

1774.57 0.14 1697.58 31.74

1723.36 0.12 1634.45 31.93

1673.66 0.14 1579.69 29.74

1.79 -17.34 1.88 0.56

1.16 -5.66 1.01 0.57

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 7.58 784.51 109.53 283.83 205.91

0.00 8.67 794.90 91.24 214.22 248.46

0.01 11.09 856.65 67.79 172.24 283.81

5.76 13.13 993.85 19.53 183.31 367.98

31.25 13.86 1008.75 17.76 141.03 378.60

42.88 13.98 1029.24 21.88 145.07 387.86

50.43 13.66 1014.46 23.12 136.16 378.92

5.41 2.26 0.52 -2.78 -2.90 1.91

x 1.11 0.89 -5.50 -1.23 1.53

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

40.41 0.42 133.34 11.07 406.66 28.49 186.43 99.94

42.99 0.64 0.04 177.88 19.42 420.03 28.68 151.20 111.41

58.74 1.40 2.44 242.45 27.78 504.33 23.23 120.54 143.57

78.87 2.24 4.88 307.96 29.07 623.28 4.44 119.21 187.97

79.10 3.15 5.49 356.63 26.98 683.26 5.26 98.42 203.05

80.51 2.51 6.21 358.26 26.94 699.26 6.99 100.01 211.72

80.52 3.19 6.45 358.16 27.95 692.17 6.69 97.01 209.13

2.22 7.38 3.58 5.56 1.27 -1.19 -2.53 2.15

1.67 4.44 5.25 2.07 0.03 1.68 -6.34 -1.14 2.00

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.16 0.02 89.41 1.21 315.18 4.42 302.79 7.97

1.54 0.02 123.98 3.21 348.59 3.27 320.84 24.48

1.04 0.30 0.10 206.94 8.60 415.01 3.51 360.36 51.15

3.86 0.71 0.13 295.77 11.18 531.19 2.65 467.06 61.48

5.91 1.06 0.24 353.98 15.34 555.09 4.26 505.10 45.73

6.31 0.73 0.25 356.99 16.27 520.52 4.19 472.22 44.11

6.61 0.74 0.31 356.64 15.06 499.07 2.91 457.26 38.89

-0.62 17.85 5.06 12.25 1.63 -1.36 1.03 11.56

10.22 4.89 5.99 2.91 2.99 0.98 -0.97 1.26 -1.43

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1170.4 174.2 -158.7 20.8

1384.7 236.9 -215.0 -26.3

1532.4 319.0 -286.6 -21.3

1380.6 442.2 -308.1 57.4

1484.3 563.4 -386.2 -26.5

1402.7 490.0 -367.0 -49.6

1432.9 529.0 -428.2 31.5

1.6 3.6 3.5 x

-0.5 2.3 1.3 x

Primary supply

1206.6

1380.4

1543.4

1572.0

1635.1

1476.1

1565.2

1.5

-0.2

Statistical difference

21.2

-20.9

2.1

24.7

-20.1

-14.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-754.2

-959.5

-1185.7

-1374.5

-1400.9

-1279.0

..

2.7

0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-639.4 -618.2 -21.1

-849.6 -786.0 -63.6

-1084.9 -1016.8 -68.1

-1278.6 -1224.9 -53.7

-1314.1 -1271.0 -43.2

-1208.8 -1172.2 -36.6

.. .. ..

3.2 3.0 7.1

0.6 0.8 -3.2

15.7

7.8

-0.5

-2.7

-2.8

-2.9

..

-

9.5

-130.6 2.2 -93.8 -38.2 -0.8

-117.6 1.4 -80.1 -39.0 0.1

-100.1 -1.1 -77.2 -17.2 -4.6

-92.7 -0.2 -78.5 -13.3 -0.8

-83.2 -0.2 -70.6 -12.4 0.0

-66.3 0.5 -56.7 -10.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.1 -4.6 11.2

-2.1 -1.6 -2.8 -

-

-

-0.3

-0.5

-0.8

-1.0

..

-

7.3

-35.0

-27.7

-21.5

-19.1

-21.2

-17.4

..

-2.8

-1.1

-5.4

-2.4

-1.2

-1.1

-1.3

-1.1

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses (4)

Final consumption

433.1

369.9

337.1

201.9

191.6

164.0

..

-1.5

-3.7

Industry(5)

261.0 133.9 26.6 21.2 11.6

229.1 106.3 24.9 32.7 11.2

229.6 82.8 28.2 41.8 16.2

173.1 64.6 18.3 36.2 8.3

155.6 58.4 16.6 31.0 11.0

129.2 47.0 14.8 23.7 9.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.7 -2.8 0.3 4.1 2.0

-3.0 -2.9 -3.3 -2.9 -2.7

10.5

3.7

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-17.3

-5.7

157.2 28.5 109.5

133.8 28.7 91.2

103.5 23.2 67.8

26.0 4.4 19.5

31.7 7.0 21.9

31.8 6.7 23.1

.. .. ..

-2.4 -1.2 -2.8

-6.0 -6.3 -5.5

4.4

3.3

3.5

2.6

4.2

2.9

..

-1.4

-1.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.9

OECD TOTAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

914.63 701.79 652.08 49.71 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.85 93.37 9.59 13.82 27.29 9.02 33.66 57.64 0.08

1214.97 1016.57 966.75 49.82 22.83 6.61 3.76 0.41 119.49 8.01 22.55 41.99 15.80 31.14 35.40 0.33

1394.51 1253.98 1220.89 33.09 3.25 13.92 9.69 102.79 9.00 17.49 36.77 8.57 30.96 18.24 0.34

1516.55 1244.14 1217.30 26.84 122.25 14.18 9.71 96.83 10.31 14.64 31.67 11.37 28.85 17.39 0.69

1548.17 1263.83 1237.50 26.33 130.14 14.84 10.01 104.14 10.54 14.51 33.52 11.34 34.23 17.99 0.75

1518.78 1357.34 1331.57 25.77 2.67 13.13 10.27 94.92 9.74 15.95 31.83 11.88 25.53 23.10 0.65

1386.17 1248.28 1224.95 23.33 2.29 10.74 6.06 78.07 7.56 14.15 23.98 10.41 21.97 23.45 0.41

2.39 3.14 3.34 0.02 -0.82 8.80 73.63 -11.86 2.08 -1.49 4.17 3.66 4.78 -0.64 -3.98 12.80

0.70 1.09 1.25 -3.91 -11.39 2.58 2.55 -2.22 -0.30 -2.42 -2.91 -2.17 -1.82 -2.15 1.11

293.19 7.14 6.19 0.95 275.86 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

256.00 18.23 14.32 3.91 228.57 6.71 0.26 1.98 1.63 0.01 0.34 0.14 -

206.17 13.37 10.17 3.20 172.12 15.75 2.65 0.24 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

191.26 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 157.57 18.73 0.80 0.23 0.01 0.55 0.13 0.22

199.03 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 161.22 21.10 0.67 0.38 0.04 0.25 0.08 0.23

196.41 10.49 8.76 1.73 162.31 19.17 1.05 0.84 0.06 0.16 0.12 0.22

160.65 7.70 6.71 0.98 134.22 16.75 1.92 0.91 0.02 0.05 0.94 0.12 0.14

-1.12 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.55 -23.92 18.48 30.01 13.00 5.54 -5.70 -

-2.42 -4.44 -3.91 -7.01 -2.76 4.94 -0.18 -3.04 7.00 5.58 -0.91 -

666.50 427.99 410.94 17.05 137.19 6.40 51.14 1.12 14.39 1.65 4.51 29.47 28.94 0.83

847.54 637.19 608.48 28.70 111.07 0.19 9.12 43.70 1.42 10.98 1.65 2.14 27.51 40.16 0.67

642.58 597.08 588.30 8.79 13.13 0.10 7.64 15.96 0.22 3.37 0.87 0.63 10.88 8.09 0.31

644.96 602.56 594.27 8.29 13.33 0.15 7.71 9.71 0.09 3.23 0.62 0.56 5.23 7.85 0.29

653.48 606.19 600.69 5.50 12.91 0.17 7.83 9.75 0.09 2.12 0.92 0.43 6.20 9.36 0.05

637.60 593.99 587.24 6.75 13.45 0.15 8.04 9.46 0.07 2.23 0.91 0.40 5.84 7.70 0.04

618.99 570.37 564.45 5.92 12.76 0.08 7.84 11.07 0.06 3.12 0.72 0.46 6.71 9.07 0.09

2.02 3.37 3.33 4.44 -1.74 2.99 -1.30 2.05 -2.23 -0.02 -6.01 -0.57 2.77 -1.78

-1.64 -0.58 -0.39 -7.97 -10.76 -4.64 -0.79 -6.97 -15.21 -6.41 -4.30 -7.74 -7.16 -7.53 -10.18

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

174.18 144.96 .. .. 5.30 23.91

236.92 210.51 126.14 84.36 5.73 20.68

318.96 298.87 141.36 157.51 5.92 0.10 14.07

442.17 415.24 136.15 279.09 5.31 0.10 21.52

554.29 529.90 137.69 392.21 4.52 0.12 19.75

564.06 538.21 142.38 395.84 6.38 0.19 19.28

563.40 535.98 143.30 392.68 8.12 0.23 19.08

489.95 475.05 114.59 360.46 4.63 0.23 10.04

529.00 510.08 139.18 370.89 3.95 0.19 14.79

158.67 131.78 .. .. 1.44 25.46

214.95 187.26 124.91 62.34 4.57 0.00 23.12

286.63 264.95 161.23 103.72 4.37 0.12 17.19

308.13 294.27 162.62 131.65 1.34 0.08 12.44

345.62 328.60 171.56 157.04 1.12 0.05 15.84

361.68 345.71 186.82 158.89 1.10 0.04 14.83

386.16 370.14 200.37 169.77 1.99 0.02 14.01

366.98 354.47 179.68 174.79 0.97 0.02 11.53

428.23 414.40 229.44 184.96 0.63 0.05 13.16

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.11

OECD TOTAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

165186

273690

313378

360442

458527

606574

603271

538562

575711

99172 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 25075 116

136741 43475 20623 695 5219 5025 87 44013 686

136986 49601 16250 774 3141 2570 65 43205 305

134521 52923 17183 2985 37 6573 32737 689

139299 67155 17972 3388 2 3125 24038 398

145237 74871 17941 4677 3246 18630 302

146288 73224 16629 4366 2532 23296 385

117468 57906 11575 3968 15 2313 2 19558 687

141619 63669 17250 2504 1 1365 1 27294 474

420 2566 5249 5797

1211 50 103 5342 4216 5996

2803 177 714 3213 8569 5599

5339 137 4843 3643 3267 990 3175

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 821

5877 163 10659 284 6350 660 1059 518

5785 338 11070 542 5497 648 1023 75 878

2834 281 10690 635 5233 629 599 31 512

2406 724 13352 574 7606 1009 97 37 3256

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

136949 30433 4051 462 3526 15429 2394 26912 2718

176392 34664 9885 327 2123 13084 2428 35894 3652

225921 51101 13926 1517 835 15620 713 33335 2074

319228 79138 11454 2393 432 18593 593 21907 4474

461337 106218 10456 1369 457 10868 204 11495 5972

456983 108087 9257 1520 587 8530 395 22469 7066

421094 108517 10437 1763 375 7409 486 18073 5176

434092 121985 8266 2326 456 9583 220 19219 3994

534 11967 3012 9163

2663 2083 306 32671 2915 157 10229

6287 10450 1000 33156 9866 1752 150 11674

15372 14281 11656 39460 10561 647 3506 1860 9457

35874 29428 23697 46469 20985 845 5152 1639 16155

30264 57170 70093 49448 73306 1906 5036 3209 23866

26686 60403 68829 40308 74222 2833 3504 2816 19471

13712 56325 69465 32934 70515 2392 1892 3533 18089

12253 58809 73307 25638 70242 2864 1358 3466 20106

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

107072

152492

162292

169662

168603

196284

210734

188534

241057

90313 1283 3860 5410 32 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

123858 1582 5031 6360 345 8609 950 7 13 62 10228 59198 7014 498 5206 232 369 4183 4283 1564 5 2232 5777 110

122656 1351 7450 3988 492 50 330 8494 877 28 3 50 8734 55167 7852 3 5261 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

128045 2 1897 5890 4039 733 871 9 1249 6177 999 1 1287 39 3 127 7824 53462 15647 10 517 5766 239 896 434 2657 3267 2006 3 3681 7577 736

127268 1844 4551 3501 775 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 56 7381 52111 15305 1406 4660 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 3954 8626 540

129639 1583 3363 3299 1211 1024 5 719 5645 2805 580 30 273 6595 57119 11482 1565 10034 18 2264 2820 136 3323 1741 3 3826 6708 1468

140515 1036 4702 3266 924 949 219 970 5532 4029 276 676 50 68 281 5948 60078 14404 2194 9930 78 3452 2585 72 3871 1825 257 4504 6772 1567

114160 1610 3443 2168 623 650 73 686 3541 3444 422 46 147 3822 49458 18775 1171 6895 36 2044 219 1748 2175 1414 127 4100 4375 948

142213 1724 2995 3091 512 720 934 4983 4127 542 59 5143 57167 25420 77 1353 9849 75 3136 2359 223 3168 2151 37 4310 6674 1384

8808 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 919 69

22793 7958 2772 769 2080 1646 1564 1484 192 1041

30016 8867 3155 1009 5128 3915 1068 2129 860 963

39821 11064 5451 1672 9555 2455 947 784 211 1366

36371 10695 7713 1211 10610 505 1825 781 174 1051

53978 10314 9270 1951 20334 543 2789 914 3115 496

56749 10769 7610 1737 25668 1998 2664 1068 2013 681

66145 11732 3510 833 25880 294 1567 1296 19335 488

94858 13007 8254 1110 34563 812 1611 1140 30002 620

2194

3287

2922

6316

1806

4252

2541

1210

3739

7951

5841

9620

1796

4964

12667

13470

8229

3986

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.13

OECD TOTAL 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

49931

105530

113416

128950

146889

170813

179233

182697

193584

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

83710 2 1001 2856 8508 99 1378 8297 3669 3461 5228 1278 28 1622 998 5070 18173 7942 107 44 6539 429 805 79 1630 1896 295 275 1846 155

95379 2 1216 3778 10083 514 2282 5857 2815 3859 5451 33 2248 1058 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 401 1 1572 198 762 1040 81 15 2097 225

108337 12 1050 3480 4541 1230 1874 6195 3089 2049 7364 1 374 20 1636 1257 4122 40735 13462 50 5194 336 304 1977 404 2 2350 861 11 216 3901 240

127167 1643 1467 13524 1349 864 2594 3 1228 3413 16478 112 322 7 1208 2623 1430 51874 13730 164 373 3556 16 677 117 348 1217 12 2327 255 20 110 3866 240

138957 2331 773 13418 1327 1377 1053 450 3434 18310 172 254 91 892 679 941 60912 16041 96 5217 3950 85 387 291 486 578 7 1171 404 2 1 3567 260

149904 1931 1510 17558 1270 937 778 340 3985 12859 142 216 59 1420 177 1864 69265 20736 81 1350 4279 80 358 591 646 556 2 1663 489 250 34 4270 208

142720 24 1975 823 7455 662 829 676 368 4083 8669 152 150 51 568 672 1451 65181 33878 162 3056 4040 93 235 758 1066 543 3 665 352 74 177 3519 310

145563 105 1446 948 7291 1745 685 875 355 3524 9802 47 158 56 546 516 2124 71478 30405 48 3637 2238 54 448 1621 776 448 185 424 575 29 438 2108 428

384 11 76 32 82 129

13445 91 6336 93 253 113 2695 2229

13032 345 6866 1 48 49 1057 128 2554 1621

19718 190 7953 1 1 381 1099 3420 1672

19134 22 10034 2 2469 828 89 1440 3303

31853 206 16235 16 746 1151 2487 137 3241 7489

29145 435 18559 23 734 73 1737 160 1879 5159

39151 10 20646 91 816 227 632 159 9962 6381

47499 118 21329 167 736 9 1075 135 17906 5760

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

54

1635

363

5001

947

145

386

227

264

9050

8375

5005

895

588

3

184

826

522

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD TOTAL 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

62.27

56.28

42.45

97.30

106.60

103.65

189.81

168.33

169.38

57.64 70.37 67.03 63.98 64.21 54.50 60.89 50.58 57.45

52.80 62.94 82.00 59.26 61.25 49.58 50.11 49.57 54.95

40.80 45.22 x 50.43 53.13 38.32 36.28 39.35 43.26

102.50 109.46 242.07 138.92 108.46 109.89 105.35 71.77 104.12

115.11 129.35 112.10 118.82 125.05 98.79 88.44 66.18 101.81

105.33 116.80 133.32 139.47 126.15 110.31 92.53 96.82 98.26

210.45 220.71 235.16 245.85 191.98 263.49 .. 141.18 211.14

194.80 200.49 160.08 137.24 165.30 147.32 87.36 81.99 143.56

180.60 192.44 210.67 194.36 182.88 182.33 137.52 95.76 155.68

51.81 52.17 43.38 65.54 61.05 54.63 48.34 50.88 45.38 45.48 .. ..

47.14 48.23 40.99 63.84 46.78 49.60 44.63 41.58 44.19 42.87 .. ..

33.65 34.76 33.74 40.98 35.30 40.96 30.62 32.77 33.80 32.14 .. ..

63.71 64.10 77.47 113.59 78.34 49.31 62.75 59.23 67.68 67.35 .. ..

63.29 64.97 61.24 102.69 75.65 76.26 60.32 58.63 66.20 66.19 .. ..

72.80 71.58 70.15 112.36 94.13 94.49 71.25 65.80 80.16 77.44 .. ..

120.27 122.96 109.39 158.65 155.92 135.17 117.72 .. 140.90 129.53 .. ..

97.47 107.12 90.72 140.77 114.49 103.06 110.69 86.48 95.58 92.97 .. ..

99.23 111.02 96.47 140.68 104.05 106.06 107.61 87.54 98.40 98.31 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.15

OECD AMERICAS* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4500

140

4000

120

3500

100

3000 80

2500 2000

60

1500

40

1000

20

500 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6000

Other transformation

2009

8000 7000

5000

6000 4000

5000 4000

3000

3000

2000

2000 1000

1000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD AMERICAS 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

2786.22 470.49 1334.74 804.01 75.49 39.01 59.20 3.21 0.07 -

3002.67 572.92 1364.24 774.55 101.15 113.96 68.15 7.70 0.01 -

3228.01 700.63 1314.42 738.89 116.63 256.50 74.00 26.44 0.49 0.03 -

3849.44 821.72 1512.79 937.06 140.16 327.15 81.50 25.94 3.07 0.04 -

3934.22 836.69 1517.01 957.19 157.15 350.54 85.31 20.24 9.92 0.17 -

3743.51 743.13 1433.10 948.02 155.17 346.65 84.95 19.94 12.44 0.11 -

3844.87 783.67 1440.01 993.35 162.96 348.15 82.26 20.14 15.24 -0.92 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.87 2.37 -0.09 -0.50 2.59 11.71 1.32 13.21 -4.38 -

0.78 0.31 0.46 1.32 1.51 1.60 0.73 -1.47 18.60 6.84 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4913 0.57 297.8 9.36 167.0 132.1 106.3 2281 ..

1980 5960 0.50 329.1 9.12 148.3 132.6 109.0 2879 ..

1990 8101 0.40 372.3 8.67 117.3 119.3 106.0 3819 ..

2000 11336 0.34 426.8 9.02 100.0 100.0 100.0 4876 ..

2008 13412 0.29 461.5 8.52 86.4 86.1 92.4 5305 ..

2009 13032 0.29 465.6 8.04 84.6 78.7 91.0 5090 ..

2010e 13427 0.29 469.8 8.18 84.3 80.5 .. 5266 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.98 2.53 -2.05 -1.71 1.32 1.18 -0.45 -0.40 -2.05 -1.71 -0.60 -2.17 -0.02 -0.80 3.08 1.52 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

109.25 422.10 23.39 -

135.46 506.76 30.55 -

125.74 655.58 54.51 -

81.69 685.52 56.96 -

80.75 750.07 54.05 -

65.59 691.88 52.54 -

90.95 683.16 51.64 -

1.18 3.74 7.31 -

-3.37 0.28 -0.19 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

109.07 489.09 44.54 -

134.96 599.61 59.34 -

123.88 776.55 110.57 -

84.67 854.82 112.98 -

87.55 964.61 103.57 -

71.33 889.61 100.73 -

98.28 878.30 99.04 -

1.07 3.93 7.87 -

-2.86 0.72 -0.49 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.17

OECD AMERICAS 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

2132.67 116.26 1135.96 568.57 75.08 236.66 0.14

2199.38 89.52 1161.21 552.24 100.62 294.32 1.47

2210.69 87.04 1155.40 516.22 58.41 0.48 0.02 389.14 3.98

2648.88 54.43 1350.07 613.62 105.64 0.74 2.12 513.55 8.70

2746.35 52.14 1437.01 560.22 119.32 1.48 2.05 562.71 11.43

2680.33 50.15 1365.16 565.50 124.73 0.35 2.15 561.26 11.03

2555.99 39.41 1300.25 542.77 122.94 0.31 2.19 537.47 10.65

0.21 -1.69 0.10 -0.57 -1.47 2.97 21.94

0.77 -4.08 0.62 0.26 3.99 -2.22 26.61 1.71 5.32

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

651.05 95.40 129.96 279.20 51.20 95.15 0.14

660.64 77.70 154.80 254.56 59.31 112.84 1.43

515.13 72.55 85.46 196.52 24.81 0.00 134.90 0.90

602.41 50.76 59.49 238.38 65.83 0.16 0.00 180.68 7.11

559.66 49.03 69.30 212.27 63.84 0.17 0.01 155.89 9.14

546.44 47.16 68.19 208.98 60.75 0.17 0.01 152.36 8.82

492.95 36.74 58.80 197.24 55.93 0.15 0.01 135.53 8.55

-1.37 -1.60 -2.44 -2.04 -4.17 2.07 11.73

-0.23 -3.52 -1.95 0.02 4.37 12.41 0.02 12.58

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

660.16 0.36 634.74 24.06

706.40 0.07 682.18 23.41

803.23 776.04 26.16

974.58 940.07 28.50

1060.87 1010.23 27.51

1023.53 965.92 27.03

986.22 927.05 24.76

1.16 1.19 0.49

1.09 0.94 -0.29

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.99 390.93 5.16 125.22 170.56

0.74 367.46 2.41 81.86 171.05

1.03 367.55 2.27 54.79 164.07

4.74 1.26 453.83 1.98 62.68 186.93

21.46 1.68 460.30 0.06 50.31 180.12

28.97 1.61 461.67 0.06 46.80 185.46

32.81 1.60 452.04 0.06 44.74 180.44

0.24 -0.36 -4.71 -4.75 -0.23

2.32 1.10 -17.71 -1.06 0.50

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

11.24 78.76 237.74 4.91 79.66 94.02

12.11 100.02 232.80 2.66 54.63 96.77

13.89 0.01 132.51 0.00 261.36 3.47 37.21 99.42

31.16 0.31 2.09 168.68 320.75 1.30 34.75 120.31

30.48 0.79 1.98 196.55 0.00 343.24 2.46 35.07 114.57

31.19 0.05 2.06 196.04 347.74 2.50 34.01 119.38

30.48 0.05 2.10 194.19 346.91 2.29 36.64 118.51

1.25 3.11 0.56 -2.03 -4.38 0.33

4.22 30.10 2.03 1.50 -2.16 -0.08 0.93

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

59.15 140.55 139.82 0.73

78.70 0.04 169.41 0.18 163.17 6.06

0.38 0.01 117.80 3.08 205.80 0.50 175.96 29.34

1.78 0.27 0.02 160.72 1.59 264.67 0.38 225.62 38.67

3.01 0.52 0.06 185.26 2.29 267.36 0.50 241.80 25.05

3.30 0.13 0.07 186.15 2.22 245.25 0.41 220.88 23.96

3.24 0.12 0.09 183.93 2.10 227.35 0.31 205.97 21.07

4.14 2.27 1.36 24.30

11.99 12.45 2.37 -1.99 0.53 -2.42 0.83 -1.73

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD AMERICAS 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

496.5 16.7 -55.2 12.6

672.8 18.8 -98.0 -20.6

835.8 18.6 -127.8 -26.1

824.2 42.4 -82.3 37.4

884.9 57.3 -96.5 -8.9

810.0 39.0 -74.1 -31.8

825.7 39.2 -97.1 15.8

3.1 0.7 5.1 x

-0.2 4.0 -2.8 x

Primary supply

470.5

572.9

700.6

821.7

836.7

743.1

783.7

2.4

0.3

Statistical difference

18.6

-11.1

10.9

22.8

-13.9

-20.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-364.0

-468.5

-622.4

-787.7

-769.4

-681.4

..

3.2

0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-322.2 -322.2 -0.0

-439.3 -439.3 -0.0

-600.8 -593.8 -7.0

-766.1 -748.6 -17.5

-752.6 -747.2 -5.4

-669.8 -665.2 -4.6

.. .. ..

3.7 3.7 51.8

0.6 0.6 -2.2

0.5

0.0

-2.6

-2.6

-2.7

-2.8

..

-

0.4

-42.3 -27.8 -14.4 -

-29.2 -18.5 -10.7 -

-19.0 -13.2 -5.9 -

-19.0 -13.3 -5.7 -

-14.1 -9.4 -4.7 -

-8.9 -5.8 -3.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.6 -4.3 -5.2 -

-3.9 -4.2 -3.3 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.8

-3.7

-2.1

-2.3

-3.2

-2.0

..

-8.1

-0.2

Losses

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

116.3

89.5

87.0

54.4

50.2

39.4

..

-1.7

-4.1

95.4 54.2 11.9 6.0 7.1

77.7 36.2 11.2 10.5 7.4

72.5 22.4 12.5 11.9 10.5

50.8 15.7 9.6 12.7 3.8

47.2 10.7 7.2 10.3 6.7

36.7 7.8 6.0 6.9 5.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -5.1 0.3 4.1 2.3

-3.5 -5.4 -3.8 -2.8 -3.3

0.4

0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.5 4.9 5.2

11.6 2.7 2.4

14.0 3.5 2.3

3.3 1.3 2.0

2.6 2.5 0.1

2.4 2.3 0.1

.. .. ..

-2.2 -2.0 -4.7

-9.0 -2.2 -17.7

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

..

-

-2.4

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption Industry(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.19

OECD AMERICAS 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

497.23 418.80 418.78 0.03 0.03 46.42 3.73 10.34 12.00 7.82 12.52 8.58 -

722.72 655.66 648.58 7.08 0.17 54.07 1.71 14.26 12.85 11.38 13.88 6.06 0.26

899.44 863.98 848.49 15.49 1.79 2.39 38.34 1.46 10.51 13.50 4.14 8.74 3.70 0.33

969.60 794.19 787.66 6.52 119.79 1.77 1.20 38.38 0.32 7.23 12.94 6.84 11.04 3.61 0.53

964.36 791.42 786.79 4.63 127.67 1.49 1.48 38.64 0.48 7.38 12.27 7.04 11.48 2.78 0.55

958.89 908.16 903.21 4.95 1.85 1.83 40.22 0.65 7.96 11.30 7.48 12.82 2.85 0.45

866.53 816.57 812.04 4.53 0.54 1.03 32.08 0.47 6.68 7.61 6.22 11.09 2.63 0.33

3.17 3.81 3.71 60.08 1.28 -6.32 2.71 0.57 3.17 0.86 -2.86 -

0.96 1.16 1.19 -2.32 9.82 -2.71 -6.57 -3.91 -2.72 -3.13 -1.17 -4.30 1.23

80.10 76.10 -

43.70 43.65 -

32.07 31.84 -

26.56 2.81 24.11 -

26.96 2.37 24.26 -

26.76 25.96 -

19.88 19.44 -

-4.92 -4.53 -

-4.06 -4.17 -

43.97 41.13 41.13 2.47 0.17 2.31 0.34 -

109.28 101.99 100.89 1.10 5.64 1.41 0.23 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.17 0.09

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 0.00 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 0.00 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

116.08 110.18 110.18 0.00 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.19 -

113.36 108.16 108.16 0.00 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 0.09 -

103.34 96.87 96.87 0.00 5.43 0.29 0.26 0.03 0.08 -

7.88 7.86 7.76 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

-0.29 -0.27 -0.21 -0.20 -7.98 0.54 -16.91 -3.77 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD AMERICAS 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

16.66 15.25 .. .. 1.41

18.79 17.72 7.46 10.27 1.07

18.62 17.47 4.91 12.55 1.15

42.44 35.08 6.43 28.65 2.80 4.56

61.23 53.34 6.25 47.09 3.04 4.86

56.39 48.27 5.35 42.93 4.93 3.18

57.29 46.67 5.40 41.27 6.28 4.34

38.99 34.73 3.59 31.14 3.03 1.22

39.21 34.53 4.85 29.68 2.54 2.14

55.24 53.62 .. .. 0.00 1.62

98.01 96.02 71.71 24.31 0.03 1.95

127.76 127.03 85.76 41.27 0.04 0.69

82.31 80.94 54.83 26.11 0.03 1.34

66.21 64.43 44.87 19.57 0.22 1.55

75.90 74.04 50.12 23.93 0.36 1.50

96.53 93.60 58.78 34.82 1.10 1.83

74.06 72.54 49.97 22.58 0.28 1.24

97.11 95.55 71.10 24.45 0.17 1.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.21

OECD AMERICAS 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

17684

17312

18506

19295

36895

55456

53591

41016

41113

6209 5924 -

7150 195 6491 -

5211 122 4497 -

4844 4129 -

6557 1511 4296 -

5551 450 1733 3322 46

5584 421 1877 3286 -

3711 334 1136 2241 -

5016 336 1558 3122 -

285

464

592

715

36 714

-

-

-

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10162 35 367 8391 6

13295 22 883 5 9639 -

14451 192 2015 5095 39

30338 2556 1498 14787 164

49905 5649 968 1 5880 227

48007 1062 664 5 8264 102

37305 3981 322 200 6148 214

36097 3479 608 4 7520 371

996 56

539 824 -

1296 277 1173

2994 924 1675 1517

236 6928 1282 182 92 2071 542

48 25387 5068 401 98 3731 2447

42 30527 3720 1123 226 53 2161 58

10 21693 2466 815 157 59 1177 63

52 17871 2498 1274 12 189 560 1659

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD AMERICAS 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

40450

77198

84425

75819

58166

55872

65242

55346

78434

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

65898 3443 6360 281 3823 709 7 13 54 5734 29639 3950 498 2975 98 244 2460 1310 1716 2474 110

67629 5538 3988 292 50 127 4880 708 28 50 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

61804 3807 4039 267 715 3233 433 36 127 5054 22688 6615 517 4068 83 188 2313 1161 1895 3831 734

45504 2717 3501 312 288 2782 1211 65 48 56 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

42115 125 1424 3299 344 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 136 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

48383 294 1650 3266 411 210 666 2453 2411 126 175 50 68 3693 9875 6048 1337 3671 78 1552 877 72 1407 523 257 2659 2987 1567

37615 280 1829 2168 284 25 73 389 2058 2033 31 46 2372 7344 6003 693 3488 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 2126 2132 948

52378 412 1737 3091 215 678 1958 2728 40 59 3403 11388 8010 77 1002 5636 75 2149 260 223 1453 401 37 2915 3047 1384

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24

11300 6139 782 457 38 1051 872 588 353

11592 6327 357 586 1559 614 580 300 229

13631 6826 1600 1165 1528 350 400 548

9437 5564 1440 682 22 443 269 184 -

13757 7262 1234 1453 800 209 500 308 140 100

16859 6903 1218 1371 1439 1588 648 524 479 180

17712 7649 871 693 1869 294 440 417 4578 160

25915 8762 864 1042 2299 812 161 321 8150 109

243

1020

1040

1214

833

1751

2509

741

3395

-

-

5204

384

3225

-

-

19

141

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.23

OECD AMERICAS 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

10808

34228

42493

38503

26926

27917

39966

26505

28770

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

30501 1 712 8508 2286 1208 978 595 1138 7 335 421 3633 2847 2489 44 2793 143 626 786 230 8 275 283 155

36299 1 2178 10083 394 3321 1758 384 15 1322 530 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

34885 950 4541 207 1905 530 621 1648 829 562 3449 6179 3800 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2705 47

25449 429 13524 48 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 112

24325 75 483 13386 656 72 176 584 1009 74 172 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 161

36757 1144 17555 850 139 185 1263 1256 66 402 287 2306 2184 532 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 140

24211 24 602 7447 662 218 71 1111 729 152 217 2390 3767 752 2682 801 149 1 2344 92

24123 105 367 7245 1098 73 166 1080 935 47 612 2178 4192 1378 1699 65 531 182 373 275 220 1219 83

95 11 1 82 1

3727 78 2575 176 110 506 2

4967 177 3820 682 128 108 5

3616 153 2033 1 271 1099 -

923 22 825 1 9 -

3592 95 2 1 1069 2212 133 12 -

3082 401 72 73 1715 120 399 -

2159 6 255 1 630 159 962 1

4647 118 146 171 1044 120 2938 77

-

280

47

59

66

68

302

145

33

372

-

1227

2

554

-

127

135

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD ASIA OCEANIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

1400 1200

200

1000 150 800 600

100

400 50 200 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 400

400

350

350

300

300

250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 2500

2500

2000

2000

1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.25

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

592.50 128.34 429.59 12.54 5.04 3.61 11.52 1.86 -0.01 -

674.49 144.83 431.60 42.55 5.91 32.04 15.01 2.56 0.03 -0.02 -

918.47 200.87 491.06 93.67 14.87 94.99 16.34 4.36 2.31 -0.06 0.05

1214.57 277.74 579.10 152.84 19.01 160.46 16.23 7.04 2.27 -0.18 0.05

1273.52 344.17 513.97 213.94 24.41 152.30 13.98 7.34 3.75 -0.45 0.11

1244.56 328.70 496.42 210.74 23.61 159.16 14.06 8.10 4.07 -0.46 0.15

1296.39 356.58 503.35 224.79 22.27 162.63 14.13 8.73 4.21 -0.46 0.15

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.61 2.67 0.79 12.55 6.57 21.20 2.08 5.15 13.01 -

1.61 2.63 0.06 4.36 2.46 2.75 -0.79 3.32 3.03 11.78 5.53

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 2405 0.25 162.9 3.64 117.4 111.2 83.5 572 ..

1980 3048 0.22 177.0 3.81 105.5 99.0 85.8 740 ..

1990 4833 0.19 191.7 4.79 90.6 86.6 84.1 1148 ..

2000 5790 0.21 203.4 5.97 100.0 100.0 100.0 1629 ..

2008 6648 0.19 209.3 6.08 91.3 107.9 99.8 1877 ..

2009 6390 0.19 209.9 5.93 92.8 107.2 102.1 1852 ..

2010e 6651 0.19 209.8 6.18 92.9 111.8 .. 1908 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.19 1.48 -1.51 0.13 0.96 0.48 1.63 1.13 -1.51 0.13 -1.46 1.13 0.04 1.03 4.19 2.55 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

44.87 42.82 9.73 -

45.94 46.11 11.01 -

63.05 93.02 14.71 -

102.26 122.09 21.09 -

138.54 175.46 21.13 -

128.32 193.36 21.84 -

150.29 191.68 21.54 -

2.87 6.68 3.50 -

3.81 3.93 2.10 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

46.34 60.93 30.66 -

47.20 62.99 33.13 -

65.21 120.98 46.45 -

105.06 148.88 67.90 -

142.39 190.33 66.71 -

131.89 209.56 68.96 -

154.48 205.68 67.98 -

2.89 5.88 3.52 -

3.78 2.93 2.10 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

429.33 52.37 302.31 7.70 4.99 61.92 0.04

459.12 57.60 298.95 16.21 5.64 0.03 80.56 0.15

626.32 70.58 379.55 37.69 10.29 0.35 2.31 125.26 0.29

809.39 58.34 482.13 69.14 13.10 0.59 2.18 178.44 5.47

845.35 64.46 455.84 92.17 14.62 0.63 2.05 208.16 7.41

815.46 61.26 431.86 92.47 14.71 0.64 2.49 204.46 7.56

808.22 55.16 434.04 93.40 14.21 0.66 2.52 201.11 7.13

2.25 1.77 1.35 9.80 4.34 4.23 12.32

1.35 -1.29 0.71 4.89 1.71 3.28 0.45 2.52 18.46

185.18 35.20 102.88 4.26 2.13 40.71 -

175.36 39.16 76.29 8.31 3.17 48.43 -

209.32 55.60 73.85 15.12 6.76 0.16 57.84 -

239.22 55.77 71.76 23.28 9.81 0.19 75.37 3.04

243.22 60.72 53.71 30.61 11.43 0.21 0.00 82.26 4.28

230.36 57.40 48.58 31.24 11.39 0.21 0.00 77.26 4.28

219.44 51.82 49.06 31.68 10.65 0.22 0.00 72.15 3.86

0.72 2.73 -1.93 7.74 7.02 2.09 -

0.25 -0.37 -2.13 3.97 2.42 1.66 1.17 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

84.68 0.33 82.62 -

113.22 0.01 111.17 0.01

160.87 0.11 158.24 0.10

210.42 0.13 207.03 0.44

213.97 0.14 209.21 1.39

208.20 0.12 203.09 1.60

206.11 0.13 200.43 1.87

3.85 -6.54 3.90 -

1.31 1.03 1.25 16.96

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.73 47.65 15.17 13.98 2.24

2.03 60.63 16.84 15.88 5.62

2.42 87.06 12.63 23.27 13.97

2.83 109.28 0.87 31.00 25.60

0.27 2.96 116.74 1.47 26.78 29.32

0.45 2.94 115.51 1.53 25.32 29.09

0.66 3.02 114.80 1.31 24.36 29.22

2.01 3.61 -1.07 3.04 11.37

1.16 1.47 -11.23 0.24 3.96

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.86 13.40 32.48 1.56 24.66 0.85

2.43 0.03 19.83 37.53 1.59 24.45 1.61

3.45 0.01 2.24 31.44 0.04 85.00 1.67 43.47 6.94

3.05 0.01 2.14 45.03 1.57 123.23 1.05 50.54 17.14

2.40 0.01 2.01 52.70 2.03 135.43 0.97 35.81 28.88

2.33 0.01 2.45 52.65 2.14 134.09 0.97 33.57 28.45

2.22 0.01 2.47 52.95 2.25 132.43 0.86 30.65 28.49

1.11 5.15 5.82 0.39 3.39 13.17

-2.30 -0.14 0.52 2.78 23.02 2.36 -3.43 -1.82 7.71

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

5.38 0.04 58.67 58.35 0.32

0.03 9.70 0.15 50.34 49.71 0.63

0.08 0.13 0.07 32.41 0.24 66.55 0.57 64.44 1.54

0.24 0.24 0.04 53.11 0.87 106.12 0.50 102.97 2.65

0.51 0.27 0.04 67.86 1.10 117.90 1.11 114.89 1.90

0.54 0.27 0.04 69.12 1.14 110.64 1.19 107.42 2.03

0.67 0.28 0.05 70.41 1.03 118.42 1.01 115.35 2.07

11.14 11.22 0.74 0.59 9.66

12.21 4.24 -2.08 4.17 7.91 3.08 3.05 3.11 1.57

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.27

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

94.4 59.6 -26.0 0.3

103.1 75.0 -41.9 8.7

170.8 130.8 -98.3 -2.4

245.4 203.5 -177.7 6.5

335.1 263.5 -250.1 -4.4

343.5 246.4 -259.1 -2.1

363.5 280.3 -293.9 6.7

3.5 4.7 8.1 x

3.7 3.4 5.2 x

Primary supply

128.3

144.8

200.9

277.7

344.2

328.7

356.6

2.7

2.6

Statistical difference

-2.5

-2.3

3.2

1.5

-7.6

5.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-68.7

-79.1

-127.4

-214.2

-267.2

-271.1

..

3.7

4.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.8 -37.8 -0.1

-45.2 -40.9 -4.3

-89.6 -78.6 -11.0

-177.2 -161.0 -16.3

-231.5 -212.9 -18.5

-237.5 -219.4 -18.1

.. .. ..

5.2 4.4 36.1

5.3 5.6 2.7

3.7

5.2

-0.3

-0.2

0.1

0.1

..

-

-

-34.7 -0.2 -27.1 -5.8 -1.5

-39.1 -0.2 -23.7 -14.5 -0.6

-37.5 -0.0 -31.1 -1.6 -4.8

-36.7 -0.0 -35.2 -0.6 -0.9

-35.8 -0.1 -34.0 -1.8 -

-33.7 -0.1 -30.4 -3.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.5 -8.3 0.8 -7.3 6.9

-0.6 4.6 -0.1 3.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.6

-5.5

-6.0

-6.8

-8.1

-7.6

..

1.7

1.2

Losses

-0.1

-0.3

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption

52.4

57.6

70.6

58.3

61.3

55.2

..

1.8

-1.3

Industry(5)

35.2 26.9 0.4 0.9 0.3

39.2 27.3 0.8 5.9 0.5

55.6 21.0 4.3 11.9 1.9

55.8 21.3 4.4 12.1 2.3

57.4 23.9 4.9 11.5 2.4

51.8 22.1 4.5 10.0 2.4

.. .. .. .. ..

2.7 -1.4 15.3 16.4 10.8

-0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.9 1.2

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-6.5

1.0

16.8 1.6 15.2

18.4 1.6 16.8

14.3 1.7 12.6

1.9 1.1 0.9

2.6 1.0 1.5

2.2 0.9 1.3

.. .. ..

-1.0 0.4 -1.1

-9.4 -3.4 -11.2

-

-

0.6

0.5

1.2

1.0

..

-

3.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

57.24 30.57 30.21 0.36 18.64 0.13 0.19 7.37 1.46 0.34 1.88 0.35 3.34 1.49 -

132.00 80.92 75.93 4.99 20.81 6.53 25.08 2.05 2.63 12.63 2.25 5.53 1.12 0.02

216.90 165.65 157.93 7.72 2.41 12.13 32.36 3.42 3.92 13.30 2.64 9.07 1.09 -

260.42 216.88 205.59 11.29 2.01 12.41 0.83 28.88 4.79 4.11 12.37 2.90 4.71 1.02 -

280.54 229.37 217.65 11.72 2.09 13.34 0.81 30.65 5.41 4.54 12.49 2.93 5.27 1.01 -

286.34 231.64 219.72 11.91 2.29 11.28 0.83 30.29 4.90 4.26 12.64 2.92 5.57 1.01 -

275.88 235.78 223.29 12.49 1.94 10.20 0.50 26.66 4.10 4.04 10.94 2.89 4.69 0.91 -

7.21 8.45 7.98 24.49 0.92 38.86 10.75 2.86 18.50 17.23 16.65 4.30 -2.34 -

3.96 5.79 5.84 4.95 -11.74 2.38 0.32 3.72 2.29 -0.75 1.34 -0.86 -1.13 -

67.95 64.35 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

82.85 77.00 5.25 -

81.30 67.15 13.97 -

82.89 68.56 15.92 -

84.49 67.19 17.71 0.17 0.17 -

85.97 67.45 16.37 0.33 0.33 -

77.10 62.25 14.75 0.32 0.26 0.00 0.06 -

1.67 1.51 -

-0.38 -1.11 5.58 -

30.64 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.42 0.03 0.00 0.30 0.10 0.05 -

46.45 44.45 43.37 1.08 1.78 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.08 -

67.90 66.81 65.52 1.29 0.96 0.17 0.17 0.08 -

67.83 66.74 66.55 0.19 0.90 0.21 0.00 0.20 0.06 -

66.30 62.12 61.93 0.19 0.65 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.05 -

66.71 64.09 63.64 0.45 0.61 0.26 0.00 0.25 0.05 -

68.96 66.31 65.85 0.46 0.54 0.21 0.00 0.21 0.03 -

3.53 4.14 4.25 0.72 -3.84 -6.64 -1.23 -3.32 4.39 3.49 -

2.10 2.13 2.22 -4.37 -6.08 0.74 1.53 -4.55 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.29

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

59.64 59.61 .. .. 0.04

74.95 74.83 69.12 5.71 0.12

130.83 130.32 79.51 50.82 0.51

203.54 200.95 73.04 127.91 2.60

244.38 242.05 74.30 167.76 2.33

257.36 254.59 77.60 176.99 2.77

263.54 261.43 78.50 182.93 2.12

246.45 245.76 70.33 175.43 0.69

280.32 278.68 82.08 196.60 1.64

26.00 25.38 .. .. 0.61

41.86 39.73 32.25 7.47 2.13

98.33 95.87 55.90 39.96 2.46

177.73 175.05 98.03 77.02 2.68

231.72 229.74 118.82 110.93 1.97

238.91 237.52 129.64 107.89 1.39

250.08 249.12 135.72 113.40 0.95

259.14 257.98 123.83 134.15 1.15

293.93 293.28 152.67 140.61 0.65

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

55041

113643

134653

180279

225183

289508

297366

280057

317302

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

52885 25299 11304 398 429 10406 11

77367 33741 19321 14729 401

76229 39558 13316 10275 225

76954 39880 13007 7541 298

76671 45398 9389 2841 367

80745 50888 8637 253 138

81674 51000 8326 1718 202

73178 46446 7428 2019 139

85386 46854 11939 5516 382

420 2360 2244 14

1211 103 5086 2775 -

2802 153 668 3055 6150 27

5327 52 4629 3437 2741 42

9555 5886 603 2498 27 107

5810 9 10659 134 4203 14

5627 10 11070 48 3594 79

2834 10 10690 181 3390 31 10

2403 24 13352 4868 48

2156 668 105 1 -

36276 19238 2249 1980 14

58424 24852 8170 5751 138

103325 43431 11604 1 7780 319

148512 67166 9944 2396 637

208763 92844 8684 73 298

215692 100581 8322 1282 426

206879 100107 9559 967 283

231916 115200 6907 494 -

513 157 149 563

2427 306 5508 1020 157 3377

3504 94 806 7057 3402 150 4500

13065 56 8323 6493 3189 1496 7568

33751 14185 3448 5497 1079 10409

27690 19 47895 584 13393 3025 14258

24831 21 49638 710 13519 2740 13622

12840 20 54979 987 10170 3523 13444

11842 3333 61683 5516 16658 3442 6841

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.31

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

31085

49698

58086

75625

100690

133178

139485

127272

156924

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29188 374 32 1173 191 1319 22651 1330 10 992 593 469 54

42067 16 64 2106 2055 29559 3064 1380 1186 516 2121 -

44002 1054 200 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

54258 1524 466 2310 204 2752 30774 9032 703 129 896 535 1608 3325 -

73658 1833 463 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

80490 1923 867 284 3444 273 2287 48689 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

86158 2927 513 304 3056 1618 150 281 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

70944 1578 339 297 1441 1351 147 1450 42114 12772 478 3407 675 980 1672 2243 -

84266 1242 297 256 3025 1290 1740 45779 17410 351 4213 254 1715 1750 1317 3627 -

1897 164 981 32 675 45

7631 958 1990 312 2042 595 688 35 192 688

13748 1291 2798 323 4844 2256 454 300 560 734

20033 3448 3851 459 9555 710 597 384 211 818

25293 4988 6273 10588 1554 595 174 1051

40022 3052 8036 498 19534 334 2289 606 2975 396

39858 3866 6392 366 24229 410 2016 544 1534 501

48223 4083 2639 140 24011 1117 879 14757 327

68813 4245 7390 68 32264 1450 819 21852 510

-

131

188

-

70

2302

-

270

215

-

-

336

1334

1739

12666

13469

8105

3845

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD ASIA OCEANIA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

5533

39339

45647

62413

87804

112428

115268

136579

143171

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

29593 771 99 2557 508 591 125 577 226 15326 5453 2464 455 441 -

38304 129 120 1149 934 125 133 528 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

51291 1116 1023 1076 276 61 121 695 366 34556 9662 1562 264 110 44 25 142 192

70501 428 1301 142 434 72 110 284 2623 428 47449 11455 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

84556 54 671 160 1202 129 254 507 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

89382 41 420 684 527 177 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

99213 20 151 73 1031 672 62791 30111 2304 802 93 309 277 361 218

100514 647 564 109 516 340 69300 26213 2259 94 54 73 345

204 76 128

8082 3761 93 2189 2039

7343 158 3046 47 33 2443 1616

11122 5920 110 3420 1672

17303 10034 2469 72 1429 3299

27872 111 16233 744 82 3229 7473

25886 29 18559 661 1480 5157

36883 4 20391 70 814 224 9000 6380

42539 21329 563 14968 5679

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

520

1664

-

-

-

-

-

483

118

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.33

OECD EUROPE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1964.97 607.78 1046.31 192.47 44.27 27.69 42.06 3.62 0.07 0.71 -

2134.63 662.60 983.46 294.44 50.97 85.79 51.07 4.30 0.07 1.92 -

2313.67 641.95 865.82 371.33 77.58 293.10 54.83 6.76 0.41 1.86 0.03

2496.20 472.56 929.38 561.48 101.17 349.79 66.95 10.36 3.81 0.16 0.54

2621.93 454.23 910.75 655.79 156.42 345.66 64.39 14.75 17.98 1.20 0.77

2494.39 404.31 867.86 624.64 166.69 329.21 63.25 15.64 20.73 1.46 0.59

2591.33 424.95 862.84 673.05 178.84 341.24 68.17 16.23 23.50 1.94 0.56

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.97 0.32 -1.11 3.94 3.35 14.89 1.57 3.74 11.14 5.88 -

0.40 -2.40 0.01 2.78 4.11 0.61 0.75 4.52 22.88 -1.27 17.51

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4810 0.41 455.0 4.32 148.9 243.2 93.7 1618 60.7

1980 5680 0.38 473.8 4.51 137.0 224.6 101.0 2049 68.3

1990 7248 0.32 500.1 4.63 116.3 170.5 103.3 2662 83.0

2000 9097 0.27 521.7 4.78 100.0 100.0 100.0 3222 100.0

2008 10651 0.25 546.6 4.80 89.7 82.1 98.1 3627 113.3

2009 10212 0.24 549.3 4.54 89.0 76.2 97.6 3461 98.4

2010e 10430 0.25 551.2 4.70 90.5 78.4 .. 3599 105.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.44 1.82 -1.44 -1.40 0.56 0.50 0.41 -0.10 -1.44 -1.40 -2.07 -4.15 0.58 -0.30 2.97 1.39 1.86 0.90

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 222.29 205.30 5.52

44.80 127.89 134.80 3.49

30.98 93.00 137.48 2.85

24.80 85.90 134.12 4.37

26.25 82.51 130.17 4.73

-3.17 -1.80 1.10 7.57

-6.70 -4.88 -2.22 -1.22

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

141.07 341.51 590.99 8.05

127.95 363.56 607.01 9.34

93.45 277.78 677.59 16.41

45.21 160.07 449.85 10.71

31.26 116.61 460.38 8.44

25.31 108.07 447.33 12.77

26.70 103.57 431.52 14.06

-3.37 -1.71 1.15 6.11

-6.64 -4.85 -2.16 -1.31

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.35

OECD EUROPE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

1460.09 264.47 824.60 135.85 40.36 0.51 164.90 29.41

1543.79 222.75 787.76 229.74 43.56 0.73 0.01 209.93 49.31

1605.25 179.48 740.33 287.62 64.94 1.99 0.25 274.02 56.61

1750.94 89.09 811.55 383.31 74.89 2.61 0.95 332.90 55.63

1837.81 82.73 813.99 396.11 92.48 3.10 1.90 379.63 67.88

1842.39 80.19 808.41 400.33 98.04 3.23 2.11 382.53 67.55

1752.83 69.48 767.93 376.18 101.72 3.94 2.18 364.60 66.81

0.56 -2.25 -0.63 4.51 2.84 8.38 3.03 3.93

0.46 -4.87 0.19 1.42 2.39 3.65 12.16 1.51 0.88

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.43 130.36 214.72 74.30 7.03 0.04 90.59 15.38

509.24 112.20 167.06 95.66 8.39 0.04 105.28 20.62

460.68 101.50 82.61 110.94 20.60 0.07 0.01 124.65 20.29

462.49 66.55 75.59 141.03 25.42 0.09 0.14 140.71 12.94

466.17 60.38 67.03 128.21 32.11 0.04 0.18 154.50 23.72

448.37 51.04 63.79 124.21 32.80 0.04 0.18 153.62 22.69

391.54 40.63 54.39 108.65 31.68 0.04 0.00 134.32 21.82

-0.85 -1.46 -5.46 2.39 6.53 3.16 1.90 1.64

-0.85 -4.70 -2.18 -0.11 2.29 -2.77 -4.68 0.39 0.38

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

248.48 9.79 233.60 0.22

297.93 3.63 287.60 0.81

379.61 0.31 371.23 0.43

454.07 0.01 442.97 1.04

499.73 0.00 478.15 2.85

491.63 0.01 465.44 3.31

481.33 0.01 452.20 3.11

2.52 -18.44 2.76 3.99

1.26 -17.45 1.04 10.90

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 4.86 345.93 89.20 144.63 33.12

0.00 5.89 366.81 71.99 116.48 71.78

0.01 7.63 402.05 52.89 94.19 105.76

1.02 9.03 430.73 16.68 89.63 155.46

9.51 9.22 431.71 16.22 63.93 169.16

13.46 9.42 452.06 20.29 72.96 173.31

16.97 9.05 447.62 21.76 67.06 169.26

5.41 2.69 0.89 -3.03 -2.49 7.07

48.92 0.90 0.57 -4.57 -1.77 2.51

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

26.32 0.42 41.18 11.07 136.43 22.02 82.12 5.07

28.45 0.64 0.01 58.03 19.42 149.71 24.44 72.12 13.02

41.40 1.39 0.18 78.50 27.74 157.97 18.09 39.86 37.21

44.67 1.92 0.64 94.24 27.50 179.30 2.09 33.91 50.53

46.22 2.35 1.50 107.38 24.95 204.59 1.83 27.54 59.60

46.99 2.45 1.70 109.58 24.79 217.42 3.53 32.44 63.89

47.81 3.13 1.88 111.01 25.71 212.83 3.54 29.72 62.12

2.70 7.34 3.87 5.55 0.87 -1.15 -4.16 12.44

0.76 4.38 13.07 1.84 -0.40 1.58 -8.23 -1.53 2.73

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.16 0.02 24.88 1.17 115.96 4.42 104.62 6.92

1.50 0.02 35.58 3.03 128.83 3.08 107.96 17.79

0.59 0.17 0.02 56.74 5.28 142.67 2.44 119.96 20.28

1.85 0.20 0.07 81.93 8.72 160.41 1.77 138.47 20.16

2.39 0.27 0.14 100.86 11.95 169.83 2.65 148.41 18.78

2.47 0.33 0.14 101.73 12.91 164.63 2.58 143.93 18.12

2.70 0.34 0.17 102.30 11.93 153.30 1.59 135.95 15.76

-3.90 14.04 4.97 9.29 1.23 -3.45 0.81 6.53

8.35 3.73 11.11 3.15 4.38 0.38 -2.22 0.66 -1.32

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.5 7.9

608.9 143.2 -75.1 -14.3

525.8 169.5 -60.6 7.2

311.0 196.2 -48.1 13.5

264.3 242.6 -39.6 -13.1

249.2 204.5 -33.8 -15.6

243.7 209.5 -37.2 9.0

-0.6 3.3 -1.4 x

-3.9 1.0 -3.0 x

Primary supply

607.8

662.6

642.0

472.6

454.2

404.3

425.0

0.3

-2.4

Statistical difference

5.1

-7.5

-12.0

0.3

1.4

0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-321.5

-411.9

-435.9

-372.6

-364.3

-326.5

..

1.8

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.3 -21.1

-365.1 -305.8 -59.3

-394.4 -344.4 -50.1

-335.2 -315.3 -19.9

-330.1 -310.8 -19.2

-301.6 -287.7 -13.9

.. .. ..

2.1 1.7 5.2

-1.4 -0.9 -6.5

11.5

2.5

2.4

0.1

-0.3

-0.2

..

-8.9

-

-53.7 2.4 -38.9 -17.9 0.8

-49.4 1.6 -37.9 -13.8 0.7

-43.6 -1.0 -33.0 -9.7 0.2

-37.0 -0.2 -30.1 -6.9 0.2

-33.2 -0.1 -27.3 -5.9 0.0

-23.7 0.6 -20.5 -3.8 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -1.0 -3.5 -7.4

-3.2 -2.5 -4.8 -8.4

-

-

-0.3

-0.5

-0.8

-1.0

..

-

7.3

-21.7

-18.5

-13.4

-10.1

-9.9

-7.8

..

-2.8

-2.8

-5.2

-2.0

-1.2

-1.1

-1.3

-1.0

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses (4)

Final consumption

264.5

222.7

179.5

89.1

80.2

69.5

..

-2.3

-4.9

Industry(5)

130.4 52.8 14.3 14.3 4.2

112.2 42.9 12.9 16.3 3.4

101.5 39.4 11.4 18.0 3.8

66.6 27.7 4.4 11.4 2.2

51.0 23.9 4.5 9.3 1.9

40.6 17.0 4.4 6.8 1.7

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -1.7 -1.3 1.4 -0.5

-4.7 -4.3 -4.9 -5.0 -4.3

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.4

-17.5

119.9 22.0 89.2

103.8 24.4 72.0

75.2 18.1 52.9

20.8 2.1 16.7

26.6 3.5 20.3

27.3 3.5 21.8

.. .. ..

-2.7 -1.1 -3.0

-5.2 -8.2 -4.6

4.4

3.1

2.4

1.8

2.6

1.6

..

-3.4

-2.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.37

OECD EUROPE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

360.26 280.00 242.25 37.75 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.41 40.35 4.26 5.66 16.52 2.18 11.73 28.22 0.05

278.16 224.35 214.47 9.88 0.84 7.29 32.09 4.12 3.06 9.98 1.79 13.15 13.45 0.01

286.53 233.08 224.05 9.03 0.45 7.69 29.58 5.20 3.30 6.35 1.63 13.10 12.76 0.16

303.27 243.04 233.06 9.98 0.38 7.71 34.85 4.66 2.59 8.76 1.37 17.48 14.21 0.20

273.55 217.55 208.64 8.91 0.38 7.62 24.42 4.18 3.73 7.89 1.48 7.13 19.24 0.20

243.77 195.93 189.62 6.31 0.35 4.53 19.33 3.00 3.43 5.42 1.29 6.19 19.91 0.08

0.00 0.87 1.48 -2.20 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -10.93 0.16 -0.27 5.06 1.75 8.26 -3.41 -4.26 -3.32

-2.03 -1.86 -1.28 -8.99 -8.80 1.25 -3.80 -1.84 -2.60 -5.70 -2.71 -3.31 -1.82 2.36

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

129.45 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.98 1.63 0.01 0.34 0.14 -

92.81 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.13 1.78 2.65 0.24 0.00 0.02 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.81 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.90 2.81 0.80 0.23 0.01 0.55 0.13 0.22

87.58 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.78 3.38 0.50 0.21 0.04 0.25 0.08 0.23

83.69 10.49 8.76 1.73 68.90 2.80 0.72 0.50 0.06 0.16 0.12 0.22

63.67 7.70 6.71 0.98 52.53 2.00 1.60 0.65 0.02 0.05 0.88 0.12 0.14

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.49 57.52 13.00 8.10 -5.56 -

-3.67 -4.44 -3.91 -7.01 -3.72 1.70 -1.12 -4.73 6.88 5.22 -0.91 -

591.89 359.55 343.49 16.06 134.34 6.40 48.24 1.12 14.37 1.65 4.04 27.07 28.55 0.83

691.80 490.75 464.22 26.53 109.29 0.19 3.48 42.10 1.42 10.72 1.64 2.05 26.27 39.91 0.58

459.95 420.18 413.93 6.25 12.18 0.09 1.97 14.21 0.22 3.13 0.87 0.53 9.46 7.89 0.17

461.23 426.07 420.02 6.05 12.44 0.15 2.32 9.12 0.09 2.99 0.61 0.50 4.94 7.73 0.12

471.10 433.90 428.59 5.31 12.26 0.17 2.50 9.21 0.09 1.87 0.90 0.43 5.93 9.11 0.05

457.53 421.74 415.43 6.31 12.84 0.15 2.74 8.93 0.07 2.00 0.91 0.40 5.55 7.55 0.04

446.69 407.19 401.73 5.46 12.22 0.07 2.42 10.56 0.06 2.86 0.71 0.46 6.46 8.96 0.09

1.31 2.63 2.54 4.27 -1.70 -4.95 -1.13 2.05 -2.41 -0.03 -5.52 -0.25 2.83 -2.94

-2.28 -0.98 -0.76 -7.98 -10.89 -4.91 -1.91 -7.02 -15.21 -6.72 -4.30 -7.52 -7.12 -7.56 -9.50

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.17 117.95 49.56 68.38 5.73 19.49

169.51 151.08 56.94 94.14 5.92 0.10 12.40

196.19 179.22 56.69 122.53 2.52 0.10 14.36

248.68 234.51 57.14 177.37 1.48 0.12 12.56

250.31 235.35 59.43 175.92 1.45 0.19 13.33

242.57 227.89 59.40 168.49 1.84 0.23 12.62

204.52 194.56 40.68 153.89 1.59 0.23 8.13

209.47 196.87 52.26 144.61 1.41 0.19 11.01

77.44 52.78 .. .. 1.43 23.23

75.08 51.51 20.95 30.56 4.54 0.00 19.03

60.54 42.05 19.56 22.49 4.33 0.12 14.04

48.09 38.28 9.76 28.52 1.31 0.08 8.42

47.69 34.42 7.88 26.54 0.90 0.05 12.32

46.86 34.14 7.07 27.07 0.74 0.04 11.94

39.55 27.42 5.87 21.55 0.90 0.02 11.23

33.79 23.94 5.88 18.06 0.69 0.02 9.14

37.19 25.57 5.67 19.90 0.46 0.05 11.12

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.39

OECD EUROPE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

92461

142735

160219

160868

196449

261610

252314

217489

217296

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

52224 9734 1107 695 5219 5025 87 22793 285

55546 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 65 28433 80

52723 13043 4176 2985 37 6573 21067 391

56071 21757 7072 3388 2 3125 16901 31

58941 23533 7571 4677 3246 15055 118

59030 21803 6426 4366 2532 18292 183

40579 11126 3011 3968 15 2313 2 15298 548

51217 16479 3753 2504 1 1365 1 18656 92

206 3005 5498

50 256 1441 5532

1 24 46 158 2419 4980

12 85 214 206 526 990 2418

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

67 154 150 2147 660 1059 504

158 328 494 1903 648 1023 75 799

271 454 1843 629 599 502

3 700 574 2738 1009 97 37 3208

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

90511 11160 1435 462 3526 15429 2394 16541 2698

104673 9790 832 327 2123 13084 2423 20504 3514

108145 7478 307 1517 834 15620 713 20460 1716

140378 9416 12 2393 432 18593 593 4724 3673

202669 7725 804 1369 457 10868 203 5542 5447

193284 6444 271 1520 587 8530 390 12923 6538

176910 4429 556 1763 375 7409 286 10958 4679

166079 3306 751 2326 456 9583 216 11205 3623

21 10814 2863 8544

236 1544 26339 1895 6852

2783 9060 194 26099 6464 1475 6001

2307 11231 2409 32967 7372 647 1831 364 372

1887 22500 8230 42839 15396 845 3081 560 5204

2526 31764 17130 48864 59512 1808 1305 184 7161

1813 29855 15471 38475 60477 2780 1343 76 5791

862 34612 12020 31132 60188 2333 715 10 4582

359 37605 9126 18848 53572 2675 798 24 11606

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

35537

25596

19781

18218

9747

7234

6007

5916

5699

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

15893 1582 1572 2680 241 8 2439 851 134 125 4183 637 254 5 1182 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

11983 2 1897 559 871 9 534 634 362 1 1287 3 3 18 10 995 156 896 117 2657 58 310 3 178 421 2

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

7034 1458 16 1024 5 25 16 580 106 8 1863 1905 25 3 -

5974 742 125 949 9 23 501 17 1900 1708 -

5601 1330 36 625 42 60 391 5 1155 1587 68 302 -

5569 1312 16 720 109 502 733 2099 78 -

2491 15 520 5 -

3862 861 4 861 -

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 -

6157 790 48 217 -

1641 143 529 62 2 2 -

199 -

32 -

210 10 1

130 1

1951

2136

1694

5102

903

199

32

199

129

7951

5841

4080

78

-

1

1

105

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.41

OECD EUROPE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

33590

31963

25276

28034

32159

30468

23999

19613

21643

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

23616 1 1001 1373 1378 3454 2461 1975 4042 15 21 1287 1211 107 1282 286 179 79 389 1666 287 1122 -

20776 1 1216 1471 2282 1387 2815 1167 4942 18 793 600 61 3 1341 339 1 186 198 275 864 52 764 -

22161 12 1050 1414 1874 3214 2559 1152 5655 1 374 20 686 307 50 617 311 304 151 404 2 129 809 11 1054 1

31217 1643 610 864 2382 3 1228 2415 15884 2 322 7 468 923 164 363 603 117 5 1217 12 441 172 20 1351 1

30076 2256 236 32 1377 821 274 1648 17172 172 254 91 564 806 96 875 387 291 228 578 7 185 303 2 1389 32

23765 1931 325 3 937 639 155 2038 11603 76 216 59 491 1577 81 813 358 482 255 556 2 128 92 101 847 -

19296 1975 201 8 829 307 224 1941 7940 150 51 568 1234 162 556 235 758 265 543 3 207 75 74 176 814 -

20926 1446 581 46 685 802 189 1880 8758 158 56 546 1172 48 445 448 1556 245 448 3 51 227 29 218 889 -

85 31 -

1636 13 77 3 188

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 -

4980 37 1 -

908 2 3 16 2 4

389 16 1 275 4 16

177 5 23 1 22 40 2

109 21 1 3 2 -

313 21 2 9 31 15 4

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

54

1355

316

4942

881

77

84

82

231

8158

6711

3778

893

34

3

57

208

404

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

OECD EUROPE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

65.01

58.49

47.88

109.61

125.86

126.10

197.62

187.35

194.02

67.29 64.53 67.03 63.98 63.07 63.56 68.65 58.81 57.44

57.03 57.02 82.00 59.26 61.20 51.72 59.04 49.65 56.00

45.45 45.92 .. 50.43 52.91 43.24 35.62 39.09 42.02

114.89 113.81 242.07 138.92 110.91 219.14 104.26 71.77 86.05

135.52 137.66 112.10 118.82 123.44 146.38 2611.31 66.18 81.32

127.97 129.45 133.32 139.47 126.16 238.11 92.53 96.82 86.75

219.74 218.81 235.16 245.85 174.66 276.79 .. 141.18 142.20

243.76 223.39 160.08 137.24 159.91 .. 86.35 81.99 109.45

213.42 205.20 210.67 194.36 191.43 253.86 136.20 95.76 128.19

52.64 52.03 52.72 65.54 61.05 54.69 49.36 52.60 45.18 44.69 .. ..

47.51 45.06 44.71 63.84 46.78 49.12 45.29 43.42 43.76 42.55 .. ..

35.22 39.04 37.33 40.97 35.30 41.07 31.45 34.22 33.83 33.59 .. ..

71.27 106.40 119.03 113.59 78.34 86.75 93.41 67.98 67.64 68.46 .. ..

82.28 103.93 112.33 112.36 94.13 97.50 73.02 78.16 80.25 79.09 .. ..

137.61 185.19 180.46 158.65 155.92 138.02 161.11 .. 142.17 132.66 .. ..

100.24 149.29 167.55 140.77 114.49 107.28 552.50 95.79 95.51 92.18 .. ..

104.11 197.74 214.66 140.68 104.05 117.53 829.37 95.82 98.45 97.47 ..

69.83 109.71 146.42 102.69 75.65 82.08 150.20 66.07 66.24 68.02 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.43

IEA TOTAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 8000

140

7000

120

6000

100

5000

80

4000

60

3000 40 2000 20

1000

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1800

1800

1600

1600

1400

1400

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 12000

14000

10000

12000 10000

8000

8000 6000 6000 4000

4000

2000

2000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

5243.76 1202.27 2745.29 993.22 114.04 70.31 109.83 7.98 0.07 0.74 -

5649.06 1375.20 2668.15 1083.00 145.64 231.79 130.81 12.52 0.10 1.86 -

6224.11 1520.55 2527.16 1166.35 192.38 641.77 140.31 29.78 2.67 3.05 0.08

7271.21 1542.36 2855.98 1600.50 240.10 832.57 157.07 33.59 8.23 0.22 0.60

7470.94 1599.42 2749.19 1747.52 317.00 842.52 153.87 28.98 29.88 1.68 0.88

7136.88 1442.82 2614.01 1704.09 324.51 828.98 153.78 30.63 35.42 1.89 0.74

7388.41 1529.08 2632.31 1805.83 342.79 847.72 155.23 32.00 41.07 1.68 0.71

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.01 1.39 -0.49 0.95 3.12 13.89 1.45 8.05 24.04 8.72 -

0.72 -0.28 0.18 2.02 2.79 1.36 0.48 0.15 14.57 -2.49 12.27

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 11821 0.44 848.8 6.18 154.7 167.2 98.8 4415 ..

1980 14229 0.40 898.9 6.28 138.4 158.9 103.2 5574 ..

1990 19589 0.32 961.1 6.48 110.8 127.6 100.3 7440 ..

2000 25352 0.29 1028.2 7.07 100.0 100.0 100.0 9410 ..

2008 29626 0.25 1083.1 6.90 87.9 88.7 95.4 10388 ..

2009 28599 0.25 1089.4 6.55 87.0 82.9 94.8 9984 ..

2010e 29421 0.25 1094.2 6.75 87.6 85.4 .. 10338 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.02 2.01 -1.94 -1.26 0.73 0.66 0.28 0.06 -1.94 -1.26 -1.58 -2.24 0.09 -0.29 3.12 1.56 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

288.05 740.20 213.08 2.30

302.45 845.73 230.24 2.67

279.11 966.35 265.66 4.96

226.98 929.19 207.60 3.38

248.80 1011.81 206.05 2.78

217.27 964.84 202.22 4.25

266.30 951.23 196.13 4.60

-0.26 2.25 1.85 6.61

-1.31 -0.01 -1.43 -0.80

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

293.39 890.40 666.16 8.05

307.01 1025.03 699.43 9.34

279.57 1169.16 806.24 14.68

232.72 1154.28 614.12 10.36

259.36 1261.30 609.59 8.23

226.74 1197.85 597.20 12.44

277.97 1178.43 575.71 13.70

-0.40 2.30 1.60 5.13

-1.10 0.13 -1.57 -0.87

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.45

IEA TOTAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

3949.38 430.14 2220.77 701.61 109.69 0.07 457.50 29.59

4089.42 366.74 2179.77 779.52 137.48 0.10 0.04 574.89 50.88

4280.35 332.52 2181.32 818.33 117.11 2.04 2.04 769.50 57.48

5009.69 198.48 2525.60 1041.49 175.11 3.17 4.34 992.96 68.55

5199.93 196.24 2564.87 1025.65 208.23 4.56 4.78 1110.12 85.49

5105.37 188.50 2460.79 1036.89 218.99 3.68 5.04 1106.66 84.82

4892.60 161.72 2363.05 991.95 220.98 4.31 5.17 1062.12 83.29

0.47 -1.50 -0.11 0.91 0.39 21.81 3.11 3.98

0.71 -3.72 0.42 1.02 3.40 4.02 5.01 1.71 1.97

1343.25 258.34 439.42 348.67 58.14 223.17 15.52

1307.27 226.11 386.25 343.58 67.91 261.37 22.05

1134.17 225.90 226.54 306.03 48.33 0.17 0.01 307.52 19.68

1248.92 169.88 191.75 388.00 97.25 0.36 0.14 378.55 22.99

1209.53 167.16 173.66 357.13 103.23 0.40 0.18 370.80 36.98

1166.41 152.58 165.37 351.05 100.50 0.40 0.18 360.72 35.60

1049.16 126.95 148.35 324.56 94.43 0.39 0.01 320.43 34.06

-0.99 -0.79 -3.82 -0.76 -1.08 1.90 1.41

-0.41 -2.99 -2.20 0.31 3.59 4.64 -4.02 0.22 2.93

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

971.14 10.30 929.04 24.28

1079.79 3.64 1043.34 24.22

1292.70 0.40 1254.69 26.68

1571.67 0.14 1522.89 29.95

1682.06 0.14 1605.37 31.68

1627.07 0.12 1538.45 31.89

1579.60 0.14 1485.94 29.70

1.70 -17.35 1.78 0.56

1.06 -5.56 0.89 0.57

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 7.51 768.16 109.47 278.51 205.31

0.00 8.59 774.51 91.18 206.54 247.68

0.01 10.91 824.45 67.30 160.42 282.35

5.76 12.92 954.06 19.45 169.07 366.75

31.23 13.64 968.28 17.73 128.16 376.80

42.84 13.75 988.39 21.85 132.35 386.08

50.38 13.45 973.72 23.10 123.73 377.19

5.41 2.22 0.42 -2.82 -3.19 1.89

x 1.10 0.88 -5.47 -1.36 1.54

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

31.90 0.07 131.82 11.07 405.47 28.47 185.43 99.93

33.61 0.10 0.04 175.98 19.38 416.59 28.66 149.36 111.38

46.59 0.77 1.91 238.31 26.81 499.90 23.14 119.53 143.37

64.17 1.67 3.99 300.77 28.19 614.72 4.41 116.08 187.61

65.12 2.67 4.34 347.37 26.10 673.56 5.23 95.62 202.51

66.54 2.14 4.59 348.76 26.08 689.04 6.96 97.04 211.18

66.54 2.78 4.83 348.44 27.11 681.92 6.66 94.15 208.58

2.25 15.03 3.54 5.34 1.24 -1.21 -2.55 2.15

1.89 6.99 5.00 2.02 0.06 1.65 -6.34 -1.25 1.99

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.16 89.28 1.21 311.38 4.42 299.79 7.18

1.54 122.44 3.21 340.49 3.27 315.66 21.56

0.51 0.27 0.09 204.71 8.27 399.21 3.47 349.55 46.19

3.85 0.66 0.10 291.09 10.93 510.52 2.60 454.70 53.22

5.88 0.99 0.18 348.00 15.15 537.03 4.23 493.52 39.28

6.27 0.63 0.18 350.77 16.01 503.23 4.18 460.61 38.45

6.59 0.63 0.22 350.29 14.80 483.93 2.89 447.17 33.86

-4.67 5.00 12.00 1.47 -1.41 0.91 11.58

14.38 4.62 4.65 2.87 3.11 1.02 -0.96 1.30 -1.62

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

1166.8 173.5 -158.7 20.6

1381.1 235.0 -214.8 -26.1

1516.1 312.2 -286.5 -21.2

1367.2 426.0 -308.0 57.3

1469.4 542.1 -386.0 -26.0

1388.6 469.9 -366.9 -48.7

1418.3 507.2 -428.1 31.7

1.6 3.5 3.5 x

-0.5 2.2 1.3 x

Primary supply

1202.3

1375.2

1520.6

1542.4

1599.4

1442.8

1529.1

1.4

-0.3

Statistical difference

21.2

-20.7

2.6

25.1

-19.0

-16.8

..

x

x

Total transformation

-753.1

-957.8

-1168.2

-1348.9

-1369.7

-1246.2

..

2.6

0.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-638.9 -617.7 -21.1

-849.0 -785.4 -63.6

-1068.1 -1000.9 -67.3

-1254.8 -1201.7 -53.1

-1284.7 -1241.8 -42.9

-1177.9 -1141.6 -36.4

.. .. ..

3.1 2.9 7.0

0.5 0.7 -3.2

15.7

7.8

-0.5

-2.7

-2.7

-2.8

..

-

9.3

-129.9 2.2 -93.7 -37.6 -0.8

-116.6 1.4 -80.0 -38.1 0.1

-99.6 -1.0 -77.0 -17.0 -4.6

-91.5 -0.2 -77.5 -13.0 -0.8

-82.3 -0.2 -70.2 -11.9 0.0

-65.5 0.5 -56.3 -9.8 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -1.1 -4.6 11.2

-2.2 -1.6 -2.9 -

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-34.9

-27.7

-21.2

-18.9

-21.0

-17.1

..

-2.9

-1.1

-5.4

-2.3

-1.2

-1.1

-1.3

-1.1

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses (4)

Final consumption

430.1

366.7

332.5

198.5

188.5

161.7

..

-1.5

-3.7

Industry(5)

258.3 131.8 26.6 21.0 11.6

226.1 103.8 24.9 32.5 11.2

225.9 80.6 28.2 41.6 16.2

169.9 62.6 18.3 35.8 8.2

152.6 56.6 16.6 30.2 11.0

126.9 45.4 14.8 23.3 9.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.8 -2.8 0.3 4.1 2.0

-3.0 -3.0 -3.3 -3.0 -2.7

10.3

3.6

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-17.3

-5.6

157.1 28.5 109.5

133.7 28.7 91.2

102.7 23.1 67.3

25.9 4.4 19.4

31.6 7.0 21.9

31.7 6.7 23.1

.. .. ..

-2.5 -1.2 -2.8

-6.0 -6.3 -5.5

4.4

3.3

3.5

2.6

4.2

2.9

..

-1.4

-1.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.47

IEA TOTAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

913.64 701.37 651.67 49.70 25.21 2.40 0.01 1.83 92.99 9.59 13.82 27.16 9.02 33.41 57.64 0.08

1203.59 1006.25 957.22 49.03 22.83 6.61 3.76 0.41 118.65 7.95 22.55 41.80 15.79 30.56 35.37 0.33

1368.50 1231.05 1197.98 33.07 3.25 12.13 9.69 101.90 8.91 17.49 36.49 8.53 30.47 18.19 0.34

1483.47 1213.32 1186.50 26.83 122.25 12.41 9.71 95.84 10.21 14.64 31.22 11.37 28.40 17.34 0.68

1513.08 1231.30 1204.98 26.32 130.14 13.34 10.01 103.08 10.44 14.51 32.81 11.34 33.99 17.97 0.74

1485.55 1327.86 1302.10 25.76 2.67 11.28 10.27 93.78 9.68 15.95 31.08 11.87 25.21 23.08 0.65

1353.00 1216.43 1193.10 23.33 2.29 10.20 6.06 77.49 7.51 14.15 23.62 10.40 21.81 23.43 0.41

2.32 3.05 3.26 -0.11 -0.82 8.80 73.63 -11.75 2.05 -1.55 4.17 3.66 4.78 -0.74 -3.99 12.80

0.62 1.00 1.17 -3.83 -11.39 2.31 2.55 -2.22 -0.30 -2.42 -2.96 -2.17 -1.76 -2.14 1.11

288.75 7.14 6.19 0.95 271.50 6.91 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.28 -

252.58 18.23 14.32 3.91 225.18 6.71 0.26 1.97 1.63 0.34 0.14 -

204.51 13.37 10.17 3.20 170.47 15.75 2.64 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

189.86 12.70 10.73 1.97 2.81 156.19 18.73 0.79 0.23 0.55 0.13 0.22

197.29 13.48 11.40 2.08 2.37 159.51 21.10 0.64 0.38 0.01 0.25 0.08 0.23

194.68 10.49 8.76 1.73 160.63 19.17 1.00 0.84 0.01 0.16 0.12 0.22

158.11 7.70 6.71 0.98 131.72 16.75 1.87 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.94 0.12 0.14

-1.11 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.55 -23.92 18.41 30.01 5.51 -5.70 -

-2.44 -4.44 -3.91 -7.01 -2.78 4.94 -0.27 -3.04 5.59 -0.91 -

666.47 427.96 410.91 17.05 137.19 6.40 51.14 1.12 14.39 1.65 4.51 29.47 28.94 0.83

815.22 609.01 580.39 28.62 111.07 8.47 42.04 1.40 10.98 1.65 2.06 25.95 39.71 0.67

624.04 580.95 572.38 8.57 13.13 7.02 15.67 0.22 3.37 0.65 0.57 10.87 8.08 0.16

624.58 585.44 577.34 8.09 13.33 6.88 9.37 0.09 3.23 0.35 0.49 5.22 7.85 0.21

631.04 587.12 581.84 5.28 12.91 6.82 9.40 0.09 2.12 0.62 0.37 6.20 9.36 0.04

616.34 576.38 570.11 6.27 13.45 6.94 9.13 0.07 2.23 0.62 0.36 5.84 7.70 0.04

599.86 555.21 549.79 5.43 12.76 6.94 10.85 0.06 3.12 0.55 0.42 6.71 9.07 0.03

1.69 2.98 2.92 4.41 -1.74 2.36 -1.62 1.91 -2.23 -0.02 -6.32 -1.05 2.67 -1.78

-1.60 -0.49 -0.28 -8.38 -10.76 -1.04 -6.88 -15.13 -6.41 -5.61 -8.07 -6.87 -7.48 -14.65

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

173.50 144.44 .. .. 5.30 23.75

235.02 208.89 124.90 83.99 5.73 20.40

312.18 293.19 140.66 152.53 5.08 0.10 13.81

425.96 400.38 135.46 264.93 4.67 0.10 20.81

532.60 508.96 137.01 371.95 4.14 0.12 19.38

542.01 516.89 141.67 375.22 6.02 0.19 18.92

542.05 515.60 142.55 373.05 7.58 0.23 18.65

469.86 455.52 114.00 341.52 4.30 0.23 9.81

507.21 489.03 138.65 350.38 3.60 0.19 14.39

158.67 131.78 .. .. 1.44 25.46

214.83 187.26 124.91 62.34 4.57 0.00 23.00

286.54 264.94 161.22 103.72 4.32 0.12 17.15

308.01 294.27 162.62 131.65 1.33 0.06 12.35

345.49 328.60 171.56 157.03 1.10 0.04 15.76

361.50 345.70 186.82 158.88 1.10 0.02 14.69

386.05 370.13 200.37 169.76 1.99 0.01 13.91

366.93 354.46 179.68 174.78 0.97 0.02 11.49

428.14 414.40 229.44 184.95 0.63 0.01 13.10

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.49

IEA TOTAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

164431

269596

307031

350153

441561

580502

578538

513827

548848

98417 29796 11598 909 10948 6619 79 24605 116

135759 43471 20428 695 5219 5025 71 43710 686

136252 49601 16128 774 3141 2570 52 43199 305

133799 52923 17183 2985 37 6573 32737 682

138571 67155 17972 3388 2 3118 24038 391

144493 74421 17677 4677 3246 18630 278

145520 72803 16332 4366 2532 23246 385

116862 57572 11386 3968 15 2313 2 19475 687

141066 63333 17077 2504 1 1365 1 27294 474

420 2566 5249 5512

1211 50 103 5342 4216 5532

2803 177 714 3213 8569 5006

5339 137 4843 3643 3267 990 2460

9557 140 6327 991 4825 26 454 80 107

5877 163 10659 284 6350 654 1059 518

5785 338 11070 542 5497 648 1023 75 878

2834 281 10690 635 5233 629 599 31 512

2406 724 13352 574 7606 1009 97 37 3212

66014 4556 970 243 6716 16292 2285 9296 980

133837 30433 4051 462 3523 15429 2394 26870 2716

170779 34664 9885 327 2123 13084 2428 35842 3652

216354 51101 13108 1517 835 15609 713 33298 2064

302990 76734 10111 2393 426 18590 589 21162 4297

436009 100629 9697 1368 388 10862 197 10737 5759

433018 107160 8733 1519 583 8530 395 20242 6900

396965 104674 10207 1762 373 7409 486 16383 4975

407782 117990 7744 2324 454 9583 220 15587 3989

534 11967 3012 9163

2663 2081 306 32671 2915 157 7166

6287 10450 1000 33156 9493 1752 150 6486

15372 14281 11656 39460 10474 647 3506 1860 853

35811 29418 23066 46348 20821 845 4985 1639 5755

30262 57120 68348 49405 73112 1906 5036 3209 7974

26684 55090 68169 39161 74166 2727 3504 2816 6639

13710 51989 68888 32119 70462 2392 1892 3533 5710

12249 50974 72537 21538 69291 2864 1347 3466 15625

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA TOTAL 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

107072

152492

162286

169662

168603

196284

210734

188534

241057

90313 1283 3860 5410 32 8972 714 245 8393 43380 2503 286 10 3347 193 387 5126 3257 840 18 498 1402 157

123858 1582 5031 6360 345 8609 950 7 13 62 10228 59198 7014 498 5206 232 369 4183 4283 1564 5 2232 5777 110

122656 1351 7450 3988 492 50 330 8494 877 28 3 50 8734 55167 7852 3 5261 99 805 3681 4499 1568 3 2869 8230 772

128045 2 1897 5890 4039 733 871 9 1249 6177 999 1 1287 39 3 127 7824 53462 15647 10 517 5766 239 896 434 2657 3267 2006 3 3681 7577 736

127268 1844 4551 3501 775 214 1005 6629 4891 1075 48 4 56 7381 52111 15305 1406 4660 95 538 198 1570 4163 2128 3954 8626 540

129639 1583 3363 3299 1211 1024 5 719 5645 2805 580 30 273 6595 57119 11482 1565 10034 18 2264 2820 136 3323 1741 3 3826 6708 1468

140515 1036 4702 3266 924 949 219 970 5532 4029 276 676 50 68 281 5948 60078 14404 2194 9930 78 3452 2585 72 3871 1825 257 4504 6772 1567

114160 1610 3443 2168 623 650 73 686 3541 3444 422 46 147 3822 49458 18775 1171 6895 36 2044 219 1748 2175 1414 127 4100 4375 948

142213 1724 2995 3091 512 720 934 4983 4127 542 59 5143 57167 25420 77 1353 9849 75 3136 2359 223 3168 2151 37 4310 6674 1384

8808 2121 1186 218 232 1348 521 919 69

22793 7958 2772 769 2080 1646 1564 1484 192 1041

30016 8867 3155 1009 5128 3915 1068 2129 860 963

39821 11064 5451 1672 9555 2455 947 784 211 1366

36371 10695 7713 1211 10610 505 1825 781 174 1051

53978 10314 9270 1951 20334 543 2789 914 3115 496

56749 10769 7610 1737 25668 1998 2664 1068 2013 681

66145 11732 3510 833 25880 294 1567 1296 19335 488

94858 13007 8254 1110 34563 812 1611 1140 30002 620

2194

3287

2922

6316

1806

4252

2541

1210

3739

7951

5841

9614

1796

4964

12667

13470

8229

3986

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.51

IEA TOTAL 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

49931

105530

113416

128950

146885

170804

179225

182687

193579

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

40497 275 2660 8782 274 4620 4095 6755 4157 1 540 1552 1732 356 52 1285 167 15 237 21 244 90 79 1081 1427

83710 2 1001 2856 8508 99 1378 8297 3669 3461 5228 1278 28 1622 998 5070 18173 7942 107 44 6539 429 805 79 1630 1896 295 275 1846 155

95379 2 1216 3778 10083 514 2282 5857 2815 3859 5451 33 2248 1058 5051 30637 4352 3 188 9559 1 401 1 1572 198 762 1040 81 15 2097 225

108337 12 1050 3480 4541 1230 1874 6195 3089 2049 7364 1 374 20 1636 1257 4122 40735 13462 50 5194 336 304 1977 404 2 2350 861 11 216 3901 240

127163 1643 1467 13524 1349 864 2594 3 1228 3413 16478 112 322 7 1208 2623 1430 51874 13730 164 373 3556 16 677 117 348 1217 12 2327 255 20 110 3866 236

138948 2330 773 13418 1327 1377 1053 450 3434 18310 172 254 91 892 679 941 60912 16041 96 5217 3950 85 387 291 486 578 7 1171 404 2 1 3567 252

149903 1930 1510 17558 1270 937 778 340 3985 12859 142 216 59 1420 177 1864 69265 20736 81 1350 4279 80 358 591 646 556 2 1663 489 250 34 4270 208

142715 24 1975 823 7455 662 829 676 368 4083 8669 152 145 51 568 672 1451 65181 33878 162 3056 4040 93 235 758 1066 543 3 665 352 74 177 3519 310

145563 105 1446 948 7291 1745 685 875 355 3524 9802 47 158 56 546 516 2124 71478 30405 48 3637 2238 54 448 1621 776 448 185 424 575 29 438 2108 428

384 11 76 32 82 129

13445 91 6336 93 253 113 2695 2229

13032 345 6866 1 48 49 1057 128 2554 1621

19718 190 7953 1 1 381 1099 3420 1672

19134 22 10034 2 2469 828 89 1440 3303

31853 206 16235 16 746 1151 2487 137 3241 7489

29138 435 18559 23 734 73 1737 153 1879 5159

39146 10 20646 91 816 227 632 154 9962 6381

47494 118 21329 167 736 9 1075 130 17906 5760

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

54

1635

363

5001

947

145

386

227

264

9050

8375

5005

895

588

3

184

826

522

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA AMERICAS* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 1000

900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500 400

400

300

300 200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 6000

7000

5000

6000 5000

4000

4000 3000 3000 2000

2000

1000

1000 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.53

IEA AMERICAS 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

2698.98 466.16 1281.25 788.27 64.73 39.01 56.52 3.01 0.03 -

2853.25 567.80 1264.93 746.19 88.77 113.96 65.11 6.57 -0.06 -

3033.66 692.11 1190.51 704.23 100.59 255.40 70.01 20.14 0.46 0.20 -

3606.83 807.55 1368.92 888.31 121.31 324.09 75.15 18.70 3.00 -0.21 -

3633.68 819.38 1346.08 884.53 137.84 346.89 77.52 11.57 9.69 0.17 -

3452.91 726.86 1269.39 875.53 135.97 342.74 78.56 11.67 12.13 0.06 -

3557.60 765.52 1285.28 916.26 143.57 345.96 75.03 12.02 14.87 -0.92 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.69 2.35 -0.43 -0.66 2.63 11.69 1.27 11.83 11.90 -

0.68 0.26 0.34 1.15 1.60 1.56 0.61 -2.83 18.77 -6.28 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4647 0.58 234.4 11.51 171.1 132.0 108.4 2236 ..

1980 5554 0.51 252.2 11.31 151.3 134.5 111.9 2801 ..

1990 7608 0.40 277.9 10.92 117.5 119.7 107.0 3685 ..

2000 10624 0.34 313.1 11.52 100.0 100.0 100.0 4631 ..

2008 12537 0.29 338.2 10.75 85.4 86.0 91.8 4984 ..

2009 12204 0.28 341.2 10.12 83.3 78.4 90.1 4769 ..

2010e 12554 0.28 344.4 10.33 83.5 80.2 .. 4935 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.94 2.52 -2.19 -1.79 1.01 1.09 -0.31 -0.40 -2.19 -1.79 -0.57 -2.20 -0.07 -0.90 2.98 1.37 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

106.78 421.01 23.37 -

132.98 505.67 30.53 -

123.37 651.04 54.51 -

79.92 679.21 56.96 -

79.28 743.35 54.05 -

64.16 685.58 52.54 -

89.76 677.04 51.64 -

1.21 3.70 7.31 -

-3.38 0.27 -0.19 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

105.98 487.96 44.51 -

131.87 598.48 59.30 -

120.92 770.40 110.57 -

82.45 845.33 112.98 -

85.71 954.35 103.57 -

69.54 880.22 100.73 -

96.80 869.18 99.04 -

1.10 3.88 7.88 -

-2.87 0.70 -0.49 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.54 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA AMERICAS 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

2066.58 113.30 1098.78 558.13 64.35 231.88 0.14

2094.79 86.42 1098.76 533.76 88.28 286.10 1.47

2074.94 83.92 1074.40 494.70 42.53 0.48 374.92 3.98

2479.80 51.56 1248.86 590.42 88.35 0.74 2.06 489.11 8.70

2551.94 49.61 1314.20 539.04 102.46 1.48 1.89 531.82 11.43

2484.05 47.56 1240.04 545.64 107.64 0.35 1.96 529.84 11.03

2366.71 37.44 1179.96 523.84 106.42 0.31 1.96 506.12 10.65

0.02 -1.75 -0.13 -0.71 -2.41 2.87 21.94

0.69 -4.16 0.49 0.30 4.95 -2.22 1.59 5.32

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

627.58 92.78 123.24 270.11 48.97 92.35 0.14

624.92 74.78 144.40 239.61 56.35 108.34 1.43

472.63 69.61 72.91 181.05 21.06 127.09 0.90

553.21 47.96 45.88 224.56 62.25 0.16 165.29 7.11

506.56 46.57 53.56 199.34 59.95 0.17 137.83 9.14

494.43 44.63 53.61 196.55 56.60 0.17 134.05 8.82

444.26 34.81 45.41 185.25 52.33 0.15 117.77 8.55

-1.65 -1.68 -3.04 -2.33 -4.84 1.90 11.73

-0.33 -3.58 -2.46 0.12 4.91 -0.40 12.58

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

639.81 0.18 614.65 24.06

670.84 646.77 23.41

758.12 731.07 26.15

914.83 880.51 28.48

980.61 930.20 27.45

939.73 882.35 26.99

904.27 845.34 24.72

1.00 1.03 0.49

0.93 0.77 -0.30

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.92 375.63 5.11 120.29 169.96

0.66 348.39 2.35 74.47 170.28

0.91 340.85 2.19 44.32 162.73

4.74 1.10 421.31 1.95 50.22 185.84

21.46 1.50 427.80 0.04 39.22 178.50

28.97 1.42 429.27 0.05 35.93 183.90

32.81 1.41 419.75 0.04 34.16 178.93

-0.10 -0.57 -4.86 -5.70 -0.26

2.33 1.10 -18.84 -1.36 0.50

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.73 77.55 236.58 4.89 78.65 94.01

2.73 98.57 229.78 2.63 52.80 96.74

2.13 129.47 0.00 258.56 3.45 36.26 99.39

17.45 0.31 2.06 163.48 314.96 1.27 32.05 119.98

17.52 0.79 1.89 189.83 0.00 336.66 2.43 32.48 114.11

18.25 0.05 1.96 189.13 341.05 2.48 31.37 118.91

17.56 0.05 1.96 187.05 340.17 2.27 34.10 118.03

-1.44 3.06 0.52 -2.03 -4.45 0.33

11.74 1.96 1.45 -2.18 -0.32 0.91

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

59.03 137.18 137.18 -

77.57 0.04 162.28 0.18 158.76 3.33

116.38 3.08 191.52 0.47 166.39 24.67

1.77 0.27 158.01 1.59 247.17 0.38 216.07 30.73

3.01 0.52 181.82 2.29 251.82 0.50 232.37 18.95

3.30 0.13 182.65 2.22 230.52 0.41 211.51 18.60

3.24 0.12 180.32 2.10 214.61 0.31 198.11 16.19

4.07 1.98 1.14 -

2.33 -1.99 0.60 -2.07 0.92 -2.19

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.55

IEA AMERICAS 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

492.9 16.0 -55.2 12.5

669.2 16.9 -97.9 -20.4

828.9 16.7 -127.8 -25.7

816.1 35.8 -82.3 37.9

876.7 47.8 -96.5 -8.5

802.3 30.0 -74.1 -31.3

818.4 28.1 -97.1 16.0

3.1 0.2 5.1 x

-0.2 3.1 -2.8 x

Primary supply

466.2

567.8

692.1

807.6

819.4

726.9

765.5

2.4

0.3

Statistical difference

18.7

-10.9

10.7

22.9

-12.8

-21.9

..

x

x

Total transformation

-362.8

-466.8

-617.0

-776.7

-756.1

-665.7

..

3.2

0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-321.7 -321.7 -

-438.7 -438.7 -0.0

-595.8 -589.5 -6.2

-756.2 -739.3 -17.0

-740.1 -734.9 -5.2

-654.8 -650.3 -4.5

.. .. ..

3.7 3.6 -

0.5 0.5 -1.7

0.5

-

-2.6

-2.7

-2.7

-2.8

..

-

0.3

-41.6 -27.7 -13.9 -

-28.2 -18.4 -9.8 -

-18.6 -12.9 -5.7 -

-17.8 -12.3 -5.5 -

-13.3 -9.0 -4.3 -

-8.2 -5.4 -2.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.6 -4.4 -5.1 -

-4.2 -4.5 -3.7 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.7

-3.6

-1.9

-2.1

-3.0

-1.8

..

-8.5

-0.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

113.3

86.4

83.9

51.6

47.6

37.4

..

-1.8

-4.2

92.8 52.1 11.9 5.9 7.1

74.8 33.7 11.2 10.3 7.4

69.6 20.4 12.5 11.7 10.5

48.0 13.8 9.6 12.4 3.7

44.6 8.9 7.2 9.9 6.7

34.8 6.3 6.0 6.7 5.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -5.4 0.3 4.2 2.3

-3.6 -6.0 -3.8 -2.9 -3.3

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

20.3 4.9 5.1

11.5 2.6 2.4

13.8 3.5 2.2

3.2 1.3 1.9

2.5 2.5 0.0

2.3 2.3 0.0

.. .. ..

-2.2 -2.0 -4.9

-9.0 -2.2 -18.8

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

..

-

-2.1

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

Final consumption Industry(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.56 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA AMERICAS 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

496.24 418.38 418.37 0.01 46.04 3.73 10.34 11.88 7.82 12.27 8.58 -

715.52 649.21 642.91 6.29 0.17 53.40 1.71 14.26 12.65 11.37 13.42 6.03 0.26

884.21 851.28 835.80 15.48 2.39 37.62 1.46 10.51 13.26 4.10 8.29 3.70 0.33

948.85 776.07 769.56 6.51 119.79 1.20 37.54 0.32 7.23 12.55 6.84 10.60 3.60 0.53

942.86 772.25 767.63 4.62 127.67 1.48 37.85 0.48 7.38 11.73 7.04 11.24 2.77 0.55

938.85 891.35 886.41 4.94 1.83 39.31 0.65 7.96 10.72 7.47 12.51 2.85 0.45

845.84 797.04 792.51 4.53 1.03 31.65 0.47 6.68 7.35 6.22 10.93 2.63 0.33

3.10 3.73 3.65 66.36 1.24 -6.32 2.71 0.53 3.17 0.75 -2.90 -

0.88 1.09 1.11 -1.71 9.82 -2.72 -6.57 -3.91 -2.82 -3.13 -1.07 -4.28 1.23

75.66 71.74 -

40.29 40.27 -

30.42 30.20 -

25.18 2.81 22.73 -

25.25 2.37 22.55 -

25.07 24.28 -

17.39 16.95 -

-5.12 -4.70 -

-4.33 -4.45 -

43.94 41.10 41.10 2.47 0.17 2.31 0.34 -

109.28 101.99 100.89 1.10 5.64 1.41 0.23 0.00 0.10 1.08 0.17 0.09

114.73 110.09 108.85 1.25 5.67 1.59 0.24 0.00 0.10 1.25 0.12 0.14

115.90 109.76 107.70 2.06 5.39 0.39 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.16

116.07 110.18 110.18 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.19 -

113.36 108.16 108.16 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 0.09 -

103.34 96.87 96.87 5.43 0.29 0.26 0.03 0.08 -

7.89 7.87 7.77 -4.57 -4.60 -6.12 -5.64 -

-0.29 -0.27 -0.21 -0.20 -7.98 0.54 -16.91 -3.77 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.57

IEA AMERICAS 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

15.98 14.72 .. .. 1.26

16.93 16.12 6.21 9.91 0.81

16.67 15.67 4.22 11.44 1.00

35.80 29.04 5.75 23.30 2.79 3.97

51.26 43.66 5.59 38.07 3.03 4.56

46.72 38.89 4.67 34.22 4.93 2.90

47.76 37.51 4.70 32.81 6.28 3.97

29.99 25.92 3.04 22.88 3.03 1.04

28.14 23.81 4.35 19.46 2.54 1.78

55.24 53.62 .. .. 0.00 1.62

97.89 96.02 71.71 24.31 0.03 1.84

127.76 127.03 85.76 41.27 0.04 0.69

82.26 80.93 54.83 26.11 0.03 1.30

66.20 64.43 44.87 19.56 0.22 1.54

75.85 74.04 50.12 23.92 0.36 1.46

96.51 93.59 58.78 34.81 1.10 1.81

74.06 72.54 49.97 22.57 0.28 1.24

97.10 95.55 71.10 24.45 0.17 1.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.58 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA AMERICAS 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

16929

16350

16618

16268

30061

43264

41939

28761

26268

5454 5454 -

6188 6188 -

4491 4491 -

4129 4129 -

5843 1511 4296 -

4837 1469 3322 46

4866 1580 3286 -

3151 947 2204 -

4507 1385 3122 -

-

-

-

-

36 -

-

-

-

-

11475 933 49 645 8796 -

10162 35 367 8391 6

12127 22 883 5 9639 -

12139 192 1197 5095 39

24218 152 155 14090 6

38427 60 209 1 5142 32

37073 135 140 5 6037 1

25610 138 92 200 4458 73

21761 86 4 3888 371

996 56

539 824 -

1296 277 5

2994 924 1675 23

173 6928 651 61 26 1904 72

46 25338 3323 401 98 3731 46

41 25214 3060 226 53 2161 -

8 17357 1891 157 59 1177 -

48 13230 1728 12 189 560 1645

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.59

IEA AMERICAS 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

40450

77198

84419

75819

58166

55872

65242

55346

78434

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

36030 1103 5410 1468 560 3069 19925 1173 929 68 265 838 453 409 360 -

65898 3443 6360 281 3823 709 7 13 54 5734 29639 3950 498 2975 98 244 2460 1310 1716 2474 110

67629 5538 3988 292 50 127 4880 708 28 50 6536 26588 2908 3 3975 99 753 3156 866 1957 4355 772

61804 3807 4039 267 715 3233 433 36 127 5054 22688 6615 517 4068 83 188 2313 1161 1895 3831 734

45504 2717 3501 312 288 2782 1211 65 48 56 4467 12937 4947 740 2143 42 198 2331 642 2403 3134 540

42115 125 1424 3299 344 435 2176 2789 30 4202 8430 5228 546 2895 10 401 915 136 1563 483 2263 2953 1468

48383 294 1650 3266 411 210 666 2453 2411 126 175 50 68 3693 9875 6048 1337 3671 78 1552 877 72 1407 523 257 2659 2987 1567

37615 280 1829 2168 284 25 73 389 2058 2033 31 46 2372 7344 6003 693 3488 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 2126 2132 948

52378 412 1737 3091 215 678 1958 2728 40 59 3403 11388 8010 77 1002 5636 75 2149 260 223 1453 401 37 2915 3047 1384

4420 1942 205 218 200 673 1 914 24

11300 6139 782 457 38 1051 872 588 353

11592 6327 357 586 1559 614 580 300 229

13631 6826 1600 1165 1528 350 400 548

9437 5564 1440 682 22 443 269 184 -

13757 7262 1234 1453 800 209 500 308 140 100

16859 6903 1218 1371 1439 1588 648 524 479 180

17712 7649 871 693 1869 294 440 417 4578 160

25915 8762 864 1042 2299 812 161 321 8150 109

243

1020

1040

1214

833

1751

2509

741

3395

-

-

5198

384

3225

-

-

19

141

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

e

e

e e e

e e e e e

e e

e e e e e e

e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.60 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA AMERICAS 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

10808

34228

42493

38503

26922

27909 e

39959

26500

28765

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

10341 27 8782 309 38 528 22 243 356 27 5 4

30501 1 712 8508 2286 1208 978 595 1138 7 335 421 3633 2847 2489 44 2793 143 626 786 230 8 275 283 155

36299 1 2178 10083 394 3321 1758 384 15 1322 530 4451 4007 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 1005 194

34885 950 4541 207 1905 530 621 1648 829 562 3449 6179 3800 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2705 47

25445 429 13524 48 70 564 522 456 79 4425 2275 373 643 74 343 441 55 1016 108

24317 75 483 13386 656 72 176 584 1009 74 172 135 2099 980 148 2278 258 1 1578 153

e e

36757 1144 17555 850 139 185 1263 1256 66 402 287 2306 2184 532 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 140

24211 24 602 7447 662 218 71 1111 729 152 217 2390 3767 752 2682 801 149 1 2344 92

24123 105 367 7245 1098 73 166 1080 935 47 612 2178 4192 1378 1699 65 531 182 373 275 220 1219 83

95 11 1 82 1

3727 78 2575 176 110 506 2

4967 177 3820 682 128 108 5

3616 153 2033 1 271 1099 -

923 22 825 1 9 -

3592 e 95 2 1 1069 2212 133 12 e -

3075 401 72 73 1715 113 399 -

2154 6 255 1 630 154 962 1

4642 118 146 171 1044 115 2938 77

-

280

47

59

66

68

302

145

33

372

-

1227

2

554

-

127

135

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e

e

e

e e e

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.61

IEA ASIA OCEANIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

1400 1200

200

1000 150 800 600

100

400 50 200 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 400

350

350

300

300

250

250 200 200 150 150 100

100 50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 2000

Other transformation

2009

2500

1800 1600

2000

1400 1500

1200 1000

1000

800 600

500

400 200

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.62 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

581.41 128.34 418.56 12.48 5.04 3.61 11.52 1.86 -

663.32 144.83 420.59 42.36 5.90 32.04 15.01 2.56 0.03 -

902.08 197.60 478.43 93.63 14.87 94.99 16.34 4.36 1.80 0.05

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1188.50 1241.65 1213.78 1265.09 268.49 333.05 318.08 346.39 562.98 498.69 482.20 489.55 152.83 209.56 205.86 218.55 19.00 24.39 23.57 22.23 160.46 152.30 159.16 162.63 16.22 13.98 14.06 14.13 7.04 7.34 8.10 8.73 1.42 e 2.23 e 2.58 e 2.72 0.05 0.11 0.15 0.15

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.62 2.57 0.79 12.59 6.57 21.20 2.08 5.15 -

1.57 2.54 0.04 4.23 2.46 2.75 -0.79 3.32 1.92 5.53

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 2367 0.25 159.6 3.64 117.1 114.4 84.0 563 15.7

1980 3000 0.22 173.1 3.83 105.4 101.9 86.1 728 55.9

1990 4763 0.19 187.0 4.82 90.3 87.5 84.3 1127 77.5

2000 5665 0.21 197.1 6.03 100.0 100.0 100.0 1587 100.0

2008 6487 0.19 202.0 6.15 91.2 108.3 99.8 1820 120.7

2009 6228 0.19 202.5 5.99 92.9 107.8 102.4 1797 111.8

2010e 6481 0.20 202.3 6.25 93.0 112.8 .. 1850 122.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.20 1.42 -1.52 0.15 0.94 0.42 1.66 1.15 -1.52 0.15 -1.56 1.10 0.02 1.03 4.17 2.48 9.84 1.95

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

44.87 42.82 9.73 -

45.94 46.11 11.01 -

63.05 93.02 14.68 -

102.26 122.09 21.05 -

138.54 175.46 21.09 -

128.32 193.36 21.80 -

150.29 191.68 21.49 -

2.87 6.68 3.49 -

3.81 3.93 2.10 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.10 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.63

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

424.17 52.37 298.16 7.63 4.99 60.98 0.04

452.67 57.60 294.04 16.02 5.63 0.03 79.21 0.15

616.37 70.56 372.40 37.65 10.29 0.35 1.80 123.03 0.29

792.28 58.31 470.65 69.13 13.09 0.59 1.33 173.70 5.47

825.70 64.46 442.97 92.17 14.61 0.63 0.98 202.47 7.41

795.34 61.26 419.14 92.47 14.70 0.64 0.97 198.59 7.56

788.00 55.16 421.15 93.16 14.20 0.66 1.03 195.52 7.13

2.22 1.77 1.32 9.84 4.35 4.21 12.32

1.30 -1.29 0.65 4.88 1.71 3.28 -2.88 2.47 18.46

183.62 35.20 101.61 4.26 2.13 40.43 -

173.62 39.16 74.98 8.31 3.17 48.00 -

207.27 55.58 72.46 15.12 6.76 0.16 57.19 -

237.10 55.75 70.95 23.28 9.81 0.19 74.09 3.04

241.62 60.72 53.61 30.61 11.43 0.21 0.00 80.75 4.28

228.73 57.40 48.48 31.24 11.39 0.21 0.00 75.72 4.28

217.83 51.82 48.99 31.44 10.65 0.22 0.00 70.86 3.86

0.72 2.72 -1.97 7.74 7.02 2.06 -

0.26 -0.37 -2.04 3.93 2.42 1.66 1.13 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

83.03 0.33 80.97 -

111.24 0.01 109.19 0.01

157.71 0.11 155.08 0.10

205.61 0.13 202.21 0.44

205.80 0.14 201.04 1.39

200.15 0.12 195.05 1.60

197.92 0.13 192.24 1.87

3.85 -6.54 3.90 -

1.20 1.03 1.14 16.96

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.73 47.24 15.17 13.84 2.24

2.03 60.07 16.84 15.69 5.62

2.42 85.17 12.63 22.55 13.97

2.83 105.81 0.87 29.81 25.60

0.27 2.96 112.45 1.47 25.42 29.32

0.45 2.94 110.74 1.53 23.94 29.09

0.66 3.02 110.04 1.31 22.96 29.22

2.01 3.53 -1.07 2.91 11.37

1.16 1.36 -11.23 0.09 3.96

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.86 13.13 32.48 1.56 24.66 0.85

2.43 0.03 19.46 37.14 1.59 24.45 1.61

3.45 0.01 1.73 30.79 0.04 84.37 1.67 43.47 6.94

3.04 0.01 1.29 43.61 1.57 121.79 1.05 50.54 17.14

2.39 0.01 0.95 50.85 2.03 133.62 0.97 35.81 28.88

2.32 0.01 0.93 50.78 2.14 132.19 0.97 33.57 28.45

2.21 0.01 0.99 51.09 2.25 130.51 0.86 30.65 28.49

1.11 5.14 5.78 0.39 3.39 13.17

-2.30 -0.14 -2.91 2.70 23.02 2.32 -3.43 -1.82 7.71

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

5.38 0.04 58.27 58.02 0.26

0.03 9.32 0.15 49.41 48.96 0.45

0.08 0.13 0.07 31.78 0.24 65.49 0.57 63.42 1.50

0.24 0.24 0.04 51.67 0.87 103.72 0.50 100.57 2.64

0.51 0.27 0.04 66.04 1.10 116.35 1.11 113.34 1.90

0.54 0.27 0.04 67.22 1.14 108.99 1.19 105.77 2.03

0.67 0.28 0.05 68.49 1.03 116.68 1.01 113.60 2.07

11.02 11.22 0.69 0.53 10.96

12.21 4.24 -2.08 4.12 7.91 3.09 3.05 3.12 1.70

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.64 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

94.4 59.6 -26.0 0.3

103.1 74.9 -41.9 8.7

170.8 127.4 -98.3 -2.2

245.4 194.9 -177.7 5.9

335.1 252.6 -250.1 -4.6

343.5 235.9 -259.1 -2.1

363.5 270.2 -293.9 6.7

3.5 4.6 8.1 x

3.7 3.3 5.2 x

Primary supply

128.3

144.8

197.6

268.5

333.0

318.1

346.4

2.6

2.5

Statistical difference

-2.5

-2.3

3.2

1.8

-7.4

5.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-68.7

-79.1

-124.2

-205.2

-256.3

-260.5

..

3.5

4.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.8 -37.8 -0.1

-45.2 -40.9 -4.3

-86.3 -75.3 -11.0

-168.3 -152.1 -16.3

-220.6 -202.1 -18.5

-226.9 -208.8 -18.1

.. .. ..

5.0 4.1 36.1

5.2 5.5 2.7

3.7

5.2

-0.3

-0.2

0.1

0.1

..

-

-

-34.7 -0.2 -27.1 -5.8 -1.5

-39.1 -0.2 -23.8 -14.5 -0.6

-37.5 -0.0 -31.1 -1.6 -4.8

-36.7 -0.0 -35.2 -0.6 -0.9

-35.8 -0.1 -34.0 -1.8 -

-33.7 -0.1 -30.4 -3.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.5 -8.3 0.8 -7.3 6.9

-0.6 4.6 -0.1 3.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.6

-5.5

-6.0

-6.8

-8.1

-7.6

..

1.7

1.2

Losses

-0.1

-0.3

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption

52.4

57.6

70.6

58.3

61.3

55.2

..

1.8

-1.3

Industry(5)

35.2 26.9 0.4 0.9 0.3

39.2 27.3 0.8 5.9 0.5

55.6 21.0 4.3 11.9 1.9

55.7 21.3 4.4 12.1 2.3

57.4 23.9 4.9 11.5 2.4

51.8 22.1 4.5 10.0 2.4

.. .. .. .. ..

2.7 -1.4 15.3 16.4 10.8

-0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.9 1.2

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-6.5

1.0

16.8 1.6 15.2

18.4 1.6 16.8

14.3 1.7 12.6

1.9 1.1 0.9

2.6 1.0 1.5

2.2 0.9 1.3

.. .. ..

-1.0 0.4 -1.1

-9.4 -3.4 -11.2

-

-

0.6

0.5

1.2

1.0

..

-

3.0

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.65

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

57.24 30.57 30.21 0.36 18.64 0.13 0.19 7.37 1.46 0.34 1.88 0.35 3.34 1.49 -

128.28 77.21 72.22 4.99 20.81 6.53 25.06 2.05 2.63 12.63 2.25 5.51 1.12 0.02

206.31 155.44 147.71 7.72 2.41 12.13 32.33 3.42 3.92 13.30 2.64 9.04 1.09 -

248.29 204.18 192.89 11.29 2.01 12.41 0.83 28.88 4.79 4.11 12.37 2.90 4.71 1.02 -

267.25 216.02 204.30 11.72 2.09 13.34 0.81 30.65 5.41 4.54 12.49 2.93 5.27 1.01 -

273.40 218.96 207.05 11.91 2.29 11.28 0.83 30.29 4.90 4.26 12.64 2.92 5.57 1.01 -

263.56 223.47 210.98 12.49 1.94 10.20 0.50 26.66 4.10 4.04 10.94 2.89 4.69 0.91 -

6.96 8.03 7.53 24.49 0.92 38.86 10.74 2.86 18.50 17.23 16.65 4.27 -2.34 -

3.86 5.75 5.80 4.95 -11.74 2.38 0.33 3.72 2.29 -0.75 1.34 -0.85 -1.13 -

67.95 64.35 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

82.85 77.00 5.25 -

81.30 67.15 13.97 -

82.89 68.56 15.92 -

84.49 67.19 17.71 0.17 0.17 -

85.97 67.45 16.37 0.33 0.33 -

77.10 62.25 14.75 0.32 0.26 0.00 0.06 -

1.67 1.51 -

-0.38 -1.11 5.58 -

30.64 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.42 0.03 0.00 0.30 0.10 0.05 -

46.15 44.15 43.07 1.08 1.78 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.08 -

67.51 66.35 65.25 1.10 0.96 0.17 0.17 0.08 -

67.40 66.31 66.29 0.01 0.90 0.21 0.00 0.20 0.06 -

65.87 61.69 61.67 0.02 0.65 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.05 -

66.29 63.66 63.64 0.02 0.61 0.26 0.00 0.25 0.05 -

68.51 65.87 65.85 0.02 0.54 0.21 0.00 0.21 0.03 -

3.47 4.08 4.19 0.72 -3.84 -6.64 -1.23 -3.32 4.39 3.49 -

2.10 2.13 2.26 -19.16 -6.08 0.74 1.53 -4.55 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.66 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

59.64 59.61 .. .. 0.04

74.95 74.83 69.12 e 5.71 e 0.12

127.36 126.85 79.51 e 47.34 e 0.51

194.92 192.32 73.04 119.29 2.60

233.35 231.02 74.30 156.72 2.33

245.79 243.02 77.60 165.42 2.77

252.60 250.48 78.50 171.98 2.12

235.88 235.19 70.33 164.86 0.69

270.18 268.54 82.08 186.46 1.64

26.00 25.38 .. .. 0.61

41.86 39.73 32.25 7.47 2.13

98.33 95.87 55.90 39.96 2.46

177.73 175.05 98.03 77.02 2.68

231.72 229.74 118.82 110.93 1.97

238.91 237.52 129.64 107.89 1.39

250.08 249.12 135.72 113.40 0.95

259.14 257.98 123.83 134.15 1.15

293.93 293.28 152.67 140.61 0.65

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.67

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

55041

110580

130655

173189

215266

276018

284592

267741

305479

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

52885 25299 11304 398 429 10406 11

77367 33741 19321 14729 401

76229 39558 13316 10275 225

76954 39880 13007 7541 298

76671 45398 9389 2841 367

80745 50888 8637 253 138

81674 51000 8326 1718 202

73178 46446 7428 2019 139

85386 46854 11939 5516 382

420 2360 2244 14

1211 103 5086 2775 -

2802 153 668 3055 6150 27

5327 52 4629 3437 2741 42

9555 5886 603 2498 27 107

5810 9 10659 134 4203 14

5627 10 11070 48 3594 79

2834 10 10690 181 3390 31 10

2403 24 13352 4868 48

2156 668 105 1 -

33213 19238 2249 1980 14

54426 24852 8170 5751 138

96235 43431 11604 1 7780 319

138595 67166 9944 2396 637

195273 92844 8684 73 298

202918 100581 8322 1282 426

194563 100107 9559 967 283

220093 114684 6907 494 -

513 157 149 563

2427 306 5508 1020 157 314

3504 94 806 7057 3402 150 502

13065 56 8323 6493 3189 1496 478

33751 14185 3448 5497 1079 492

27690 19 47895 584 13393 3025 768

24831 21 49638 710 13519 2740 848

12840 20 54979 987 10170 3523 1128

11842 139 61683 2690 15784 3442 2428

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.68 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

31085

49698

58086

75625

100690

133178

139485

127272

156924

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29188 374 32 1173 191 1319 22651 1330 10 992 593 469 54

42067 16 64 2106 2055 29559 3064 1380 1186 516 2121 -

44002 1054 200 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

54258 1524 466 2310 204 2752 30774 9032 703 129 896 535 1608 3325 -

73658 1833 463 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

80490 1923 867 284 3444 273 2287 48689 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

86158 2927 513 304 3056 1618 150 281 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

70944 1578 339 297 1441 1351 147 1450 42114 12772 478 3407 675 980 1672 2243 -

84266 1242 297 256 3025 1290 1740 45779 17410 351 4213 254 1715 1750 1317 3627 -

1897 164 981 32 675 45

7631 958 1990 312 2042 595 688 35 192 688

13748 1291 2798 323 4844 2256 454 300 560 734

20033 3448 3851 459 9555 710 597 384 211 818

25293 4988 6273 10588 1554 595 174 1051

40022 3052 8036 498 19534 334 2289 606 2975 396

39858 3866 6392 366 24229 410 2016 544 1534 501

48223 4083 2639 140 24011 1117 879 14757 327

68813 4245 7390 68 32264 1450 819 21852 510

-

131

188

-

70

2302

-

270

215

-

-

336

1334

1739

12666

13469

8105

3845

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.69

IEA ASIA OCEANIA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

5533

39339

45647

62413

87804

112428

115268

136579

143171

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

29593 771 99 2557 508 591 125 577 226 15326 5453 2464 455 441 -

38304 129 120 1149 934 125 133 528 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

51291 1116 1023 1076 276 61 121 695 366 34556 9662 1562 264 110 44 25 142 192

70501 428 1301 142 434 72 110 284 2623 428 47449 11455 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

84556 54 671 160 1202 129 254 507 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

89382 41 420 684 527 177 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

99213 20 151 73 1031 672 62791 30111 2304 802 93 309 277 361 218

100514 647 564 109 516 340 69300 26213 2259 94 54 73 345

204 76 128

8082 3761 93 2189 2039

7343 158 3046 47 33 2443 1616

11122 5920 110 3420 1672

17303 10034 2469 72 1429 3299

27872 111 16233 744 82 3229 7473

25886 29 18559 661 1480 5157

36883 4 20391 70 814 224 9000 6380

42539 21329 563 14968 5679

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

520

1664

-

-

-

-

-

483

118

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.70 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60

1000

40 20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4000

4500

3500

4000 3500

3000

3000

2500

2500 2000 2000 1500

1500

1000

1000

500

500 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.71

IEA EUROPE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1963.37 607.78 1045.48 192.47 44.27 27.69 41.79 3.12 0.07 0.71 -

2132.49 662.58 982.63 294.44 50.97 85.79 50.69 3.38 0.07 1.92 -

2288.37 630.85 858.22 368.49 76.93 291.38 53.95 5.27 0.41 2.85 0.03

2475.87 466.31 924.08 559.36 99.79 348.01 65.69 7.85 3.81 0.43 0.54

2595.61 446.99 904.43 653.44 154.77 343.33 62.36 10.06 17.96 1.51 0.77

2470.19 397.88 862.41 622.70 164.97 327.08 61.16 10.86 20.71 1.83 0.59

2565.73 417.17 857.48 671.01 176.99 339.14 66.07 11.25 23.47 2.60 0.56

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.91 0.22 -1.15 3.89 3.30 14.85 1.51 3.14 11.14 8.55 -

0.40 -2.40 0.03 2.80 4.10 0.61 0.66 3.88 22.87 -2.30 17.51

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4806 0.41 454.8 4.32 149.5 245.8 94.0 1616 ..

1980 5675 0.38 473.6 4.50 137.6 226.9 101.4 2046 ..

1990 7219 0.32 496.2 4.61 116.0 169.8 103.3 2628 ..

2000 9063 0.27 518.1 4.78 100.0 100.0 100.0 3192 ..

2008 10602 0.24 542.9 4.78 89.6 81.9 97.9 3584 ..

2009 10167 0.24 545.6 4.53 88.9 76.1 97.3 3419 ..

2010e 10385 0.25 547.5 4.69 90.4 78.1 .. 3552 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.42 1.82 -1.48 -1.39 0.51 0.50 0.39 -0.10 -1.48 -1.39 -2.15 -4.14 0.55 -0.31 2.90 1.40 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

136.40 276.37 179.98 2.30

123.53 293.95 188.71 2.67

92.69 222.29 196.46 4.96

44.80 127.89 129.59 3.38

30.98 93.00 130.91 2.78

24.80 85.90 127.88 4.25

26.25 82.51 123.01 4.60

-3.17 -1.80 0.73 6.61

-6.70 -4.88 -2.23 -0.80

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

141.07 341.51 590.99 8.05

127.95 363.56 607.01 9.34

93.45 277.78 649.52 14.68

45.21 160.07 433.64 10.36

31.26 116.61 439.74 8.23

25.31 108.07 427.96 12.44

26.70 103.57 409.15 13.70

-3.37 -1.71 0.79 5.13

-6.64 -4.85 -2.17 -0.87

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.72 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

1458.63 264.47 823.83 135.85 40.36 0.07 164.64 29.41

1541.96 222.72 786.98 229.74 43.56 0.10 0.01 209.58 49.26

1589.05 178.04 734.52 285.98 64.30 1.21 0.25 271.55 53.22

1737.61 88.61 806.09 381.94 73.66 1.83 0.95 330.15 54.37

1822.29 82.16 807.71 394.45 91.16 2.45 1.90 375.83 66.64

1825.98 79.67 801.62 398.78 96.65 2.69 2.11 378.23 66.22

1737.89 69.12 761.95 374.95 100.36 3.34 2.18 360.47 65.51

0.51 -2.30 -0.67 4.48 2.78 18.09 2.99 3.55

0.47 -4.86 0.19 1.44 2.37 5.52 12.16 1.50 1.10

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

532.04 130.36 214.57 74.30 7.03 90.40 15.38

508.73 112.17 166.86 95.66 8.39 105.03 20.62

454.27 100.71 81.17 109.85 20.51 0.01 0.01 123.24 18.78

458.61 66.18 74.92 140.16 25.20 0.01 0.14 139.16 12.84

461.35 59.87 66.49 127.18 31.85 0.02 0.18 152.21 23.55

443.25 50.55 63.28 123.25 32.50 0.02 0.18 150.95 22.50

387.07 40.31 53.95 107.87 31.45 0.02 0.00 131.81 21.65

-0.93 -1.51 -5.56 2.33 6.50 1.84 1.18

-0.84 -4.70 -2.13 -0.10 2.27 6.53 -4.68 0.35 0.75

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

248.29 9.79 233.42 0.22

297.71 3.63 287.37 0.81

376.86 0.30 368.54 0.43

451.24 0.01 440.18 1.04

495.66 0.00 474.13 2.85

487.19 0.01 461.06 3.31

477.42 0.01 448.37 3.11

2.48 -18.56 2.72 3.99

1.25 -17.35 1.04 10.90

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 4.86 345.30 89.20 144.38 33.12

0.00 5.89 366.05 71.99 116.38 71.78

0.01 7.58 398.43 52.48 93.54 105.64

1.02 8.99 426.94 16.63 89.03 155.31

9.49 9.18 428.02 16.21 63.51 168.97

13.43 9.38 448.39 20.27 72.49 173.09

16.92 9.02 443.92 21.75 66.62 169.04

5.41 2.65 0.85 -3.07 -2.52 7.06

48.90 0.92 0.57 -4.53 -1.77 2.50

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

26.32 0.07 41.14 11.07 136.40 22.02 82.12 5.07

28.45 0.10 0.01 57.95 19.38 149.66 24.44 72.12 13.02

41.01 0.76 0.18 78.04 26.77 156.97 18.02 39.80 37.04

43.68 1.35 0.64 93.67 26.61 177.97 2.09 33.49 50.48

45.22 1.87 1.50 106.69 24.06 203.29 1.83 27.33 59.52

45.97 2.08 1.70 108.85 23.94 215.80 3.52 32.10 63.82

46.76 2.72 1.88 110.29 24.86 211.24 3.54 29.40 62.06

2.64 14.94 3.84 5.33 0.83 -1.17 -4.17 12.41

0.69 6.95 13.07 1.84 -0.39 1.58 -8.22 -1.58 2.75

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.16 24.87 1.17 115.93 4.42 104.59 6.92

1.50 35.55 3.03 128.81 3.08 107.94 17.79

0.44 0.14 0.02 56.55 4.95 142.19 2.44 119.74 20.02

1.83 0.14 0.07 81.41 8.47 159.63 1.72 138.06 19.85

2.36 0.20 0.14 100.13 11.77 168.86 2.62 147.82 18.43

2.44 0.23 0.14 100.90 12.65 163.72 2.57 143.33 17.82

2.68 0.23 0.17 101.49 11.67 152.63 1.57 135.46 15.61

-5.56 4.95 8.88 1.21 -3.45 0.80 6.45

10.00 2.74 11.11 3.13 4.62 0.37 -2.30 0.65 -1.30

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.73

IEA EUROPE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

579.5 97.9 -77.5 7.9

608.9 143.1 -75.1 -14.3

516.4 168.2 -60.5 6.7

305.7 195.2 -48.0 13.4

257.7 241.7 -39.5 -12.9

242.8 204.0 -33.7 -15.2

236.4 208.9 -37.1 9.0

-0.7 3.2 -1.4 x

-3.9 1.0 -3.0 x

Primary supply

607.8

662.6

630.8

466.3

447.0

397.9

417.2

0.2

-2.4

Statistical difference

5.1

-7.5

-11.4

0.4

1.1

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-321.5

-411.9

-427.0

-367.0

-357.3

-320.0

..

1.7

-1.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-279.3 -258.3 -21.1

-365.1 -305.8 -59.3

-386.0 -336.0 -50.1

-330.2 -310.3 -19.9

-324.0 -304.8 -19.2

-296.3 -282.4 -13.8

.. .. ..

1.9 1.6 5.2

-1.4 -0.9 -6.5

11.5

2.5

2.4

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-8.7

-

-53.7 2.4 -38.9 -17.9 0.8

-49.4 1.6 -37.9 -13.8 0.7

-43.4 -1.0 -33.0 -9.7 0.2

-36.9 -0.2 -30.1 -6.9 0.2

-33.2 -0.1 -27.3 -5.8 0.0

-23.7 0.6 -20.5 -3.8 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -1.0 -3.5 -7.4

-3.1 -2.5 -4.8 -8.4

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

-21.7

-18.5

-13.2

-10.0

-9.8

-7.8

..

-2.9

-2.7

-5.2

-2.0

-1.2

-1.1

-1.3

-1.0

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3) Energy ind. own use Losses (4)

Final consumption

264.5

222.7

178.0

88.6

79.7

69.1

..

-2.3

-4.9

Industry(5)

130.4 52.8 14.3 14.3 4.2

112.2 42.8 12.9 16.3 3.4

100.7 39.2 11.4 17.9 3.8

66.2 27.5 4.4 11.3 2.2

50.6 23.8 4.5 8.9 1.9

40.3 17.0 4.4 6.6 1.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -1.7 -1.3 1.4 -0.6

-4.7 -4.3 -4.9 -5.1 -4.3

9.8

3.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-18.6

-17.3

119.9 22.0 89.2

103.8 24.4 72.0

74.6 18.0 52.5

20.7 2.1 16.6

26.5 3.5 20.3

27.2 3.5 21.7

.. .. ..

-2.8 -1.2 -3.1

-5.2 -8.2 -4.5

4.4

3.1

2.4

1.7

2.6

1.6

..

-3.4

-2.3

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.74 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

360.16 252.42 203.10 49.33 6.57 2.28 0.01 1.63 39.59 4.40 3.13 13.41 0.84 17.80 47.57 0.08

359.80 279.83 242.08 37.75 2.02 0.09 3.58 0.41 40.18 4.20 5.66 16.52 2.18 11.63 28.22 0.05

277.98 224.33 214.47 9.87 0.84 7.29 31.96 4.04 3.06 9.94 1.79 13.14 13.41 0.01

286.32 233.08 224.05 9.03 0.45 7.69 29.42 5.10 3.30 6.30 1.63 13.09 12.72 0.15

302.97 243.04 233.06 9.98 0.38 7.71 34.57 4.55 2.59 8.59 1.37 17.48 14.19 0.20

273.30 217.55 208.64 8.91 0.38 7.62 24.18 4.12 3.73 7.72 1.48 7.13 19.23 0.20

243.60 195.93 189.62 6.31 0.35 4.53 19.18 2.94 3.43 5.33 1.29 6.19 19.90 0.08

-0.01 0.86 1.47 -2.20 -9.37 -23.82 72.95 -10.93 0.12 -0.40 5.05 1.75 8.26 -3.48 -4.26 -3.32

-2.03 -1.86 -1.28 -8.99 -8.80 1.25 -3.82 -1.86 -2.60 -5.78 -2.71 -3.26 -1.82 2.36

145.14 7.14 6.19 0.95 135.41 2.46 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.27 -

129.44 18.23 14.32 3.91 107.92 1.45 0.26 1.97 1.63 0.34 0.14 -

92.80 13.37 10.17 3.20 73.13 1.78 2.64 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.10 0.23

81.79 12.70 10.73 1.97 64.90 2.81 0.79 0.23 0.55 0.13 0.22

87.55 13.48 11.40 2.08 69.78 3.38 0.47 0.21 0.01 0.25 0.08 0.23

83.64 10.49 8.76 1.73 68.90 2.80 0.67 0.50 0.01 0.16 0.12 0.22

63.62 7.70 6.71 0.98 52.53 2.00 1.55 0.65 0.02 0.88 0.12 0.14

-0.95 8.12 7.23 12.52 -1.87 -17.08 24.42 57.52 8.07 -5.56 -

-3.67 -4.44 -3.91 -7.01 -3.72 1.70 -1.24 -4.73 5.24 -0.91 -

591.89 359.55 343.49 16.06 134.34 6.40 48.24 1.12 14.37 1.65 4.04 27.07 28.55 0.83

659.79 462.88 436.44 26.44 109.29 2.83 40.44 1.40 10.72 1.64 1.96 24.71 39.46 0.58

441.80 404.51 398.29 6.22 12.18 1.35 13.92 0.22 3.13 0.65 0.47 9.46 7.88 0.02

441.29 409.37 403.35 6.02 12.44 1.49 8.78 0.09 2.99 0.34 0.43 4.94 7.73 0.04

449.09 415.26 410.00 5.26 12.26 1.49 8.86 0.09 1.87 0.61 0.37 5.93 9.11 0.04

436.69 404.55 398.30 6.25 12.84 1.64 8.60 0.07 2.00 0.62 0.36 5.55 7.55 0.04

428.01 392.48 387.07 5.41 12.22 1.51 10.35 0.06 2.86 0.55 0.42 6.46 8.96 0.03

0.91 2.13 2.02 4.24 -1.70 -6.57 -1.46 1.91 -2.41 -0.03 -5.84 -0.76 2.73 -2.94

-2.25 -0.86 -0.63 -8.01 -10.89 -3.24 -6.92 -15.13 -6.72 -5.62 -7.84 -6.82 -7.51 -14.00

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.75

IEA EUROPE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

97.87 70.11 .. .. 5.30 22.46

143.14 117.94 49.56 68.37 5.73 19.48

168.15 150.67 56.93 93.74 5.08 0.10 12.30

195.23 179.02 56.67 122.34 1.87 0.10 14.24

247.99 234.28 57.13 177.15 1.10 0.12 12.49

249.51 234.99 59.40 175.59 1.09 0.19 13.25

241.70 227.60 59.35 168.25 1.30 0.23 12.56

204.00 194.41 40.63 153.78 1.27 0.23 8.09

208.89 196.68 52.22 144.47 1.06 0.19 10.96

77.44 52.78 .. .. 1.43 23.23

75.08 51.51 20.95 30.56 4.54 0.00 19.03

60.46 42.05 19.56 22.49 4.28 0.12 14.00

48.02 38.28 9.76 28.52 1.31 0.06 8.37

47.58 34.42 7.88 26.54 0.87 0.04 12.25

46.74 34.14 7.07 27.07 0.74 0.02 11.85

39.47 27.42 5.87 21.55 0.90 0.01 11.15

33.74 23.93 5.88 18.05 0.69 0.02 9.10

37.10 25.57 5.67 19.90 0.46 0.01 11.06

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.76 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

92461

142666

159758

160696

196234

261220

252007

217325

217101

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

40078 4497 294 909 10550 6190 79 8745 105

52204 9730 1107 695 5219 5025 71 22793 285

55532 10043 2812 774 3141 2570 52 28433 80

52716 13043 4176 2985 37 6573 21067 384

56057 21757 7072 3388 2 3118 16901 24

58911 23533 7571 4677 3246 15055 94

58980 21803 6426 4366 2532 18242 183

40533 11126 3011 3968 15 2313 2 15252 548

51173 16479 3753 2504 1 1365 1 18656 92

206 3005 5498

50 256 1441 5532

1 24 46 158 2419 4979

12 85 214 206 526 990 2418

2 140 441 388 2327 26 418 53 -

67 154 150 2147 654 1059 504

158 328 494 1903 648 1023 75 799

271 454 1843 629 599 502

3 700 574 2738 1009 97 37 3164

52383 2955 816 243 6716 15647 2285 499 980

90462 11160 1435 462 3523 15429 2394 16499 2696

104226 9790 832 327 2123 13084 2423 20452 3514

107980 7478 307 1517 834 15609 713 20423 1706

140177 9416 12 2393 426 18590 589 4676 3654

202309 7725 804 1368 388 10862 196 5522 5429

193027 6444 271 1519 583 8530 390 12923 6473

176792 4429 556 1762 373 7409 286 10958 4619

165928 3306 751 2324 454 9583 216 11205 3618

21 10814 2863 8544

236 1542 26339 1895 6852

2783 9060 194 26099 6091 1475 5979

2307 11231 2409 32967 7285 647 1831 364 352

1887 22490 8230 42839 15298 845 3081 560 5191

2526 31763 17130 48821 59318 1808 1305 184 7160

1812 29855 15471 38451 60421 2674 1343 76 5791

862 34612 12018 31132 60135 2333 715 10 4582

359 37605 9126 18848 53495 2675 787 24 11552

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.77

IEA EUROPE 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

35537

25596

19781

18218

9747

7234

6007

5916

5699

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25095 1283 2383 6331 154 54 4005 804 286 1426 125 122 5126 1826 387 18 89 573 103

15893 1582 1572 2680 241 8 2439 851 134 125 4183 637 254 5 1182 -

11025 1351 858 203 1697 144 3 1017 573 52 3681 649 3 794 -

11983 2 1897 559 871 9 534 634 362 1 1287 3 3 18 10 995 156 896 117 2657 58 310 3 178 421 2

8106 1844 1 214 717 108 1061 1010 4 323 53 538 1570 65 494 100 4 -

7034 1458 16 1024 5 25 16 580 106 8 1863 1905 25 3 -

5974 742 125 949 9 23 501 17 1900 1708 -

5601 1330 36 625 42 60 391 5 1155 1587 68 302 -

5569 1312 16 720 109 502 733 2099 78 -

2491 15 520 5 -

3862 861 4 861 -

4676 1249 100 284 100 1249 -

6157 790 48 217 -

1641 143 529 62 2 2 -

199 -

32 -

210 10 1

130 1

1951

2136

1694

5102

903

199

32

199

129

7951

5841

4080

78

-

1

1

105

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.78 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IEA EUROPE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

33590

31963

25276

28034

32159

30467

23998

19608

21643

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

25347 275 2633 274 4161 4095 6035 3171 1 540 1530 52 938 167 15 237 21 244 90 74 149 645

23616 1 1001 1373 1378 3454 2461 1975 4042 15 21 1287 1211 107 1282 286 179 79 389 1666 287 1122 -

20776 1 1216 1471 2282 1387 2815 1167 4942 18 793 600 61 3 1341 339 1 186 198 275 864 52 764 -

22161 12 1050 1414 1874 3214 2559 1152 5655 1 374 20 686 307 50 617 311 304 151 404 2 129 809 11 1054 1

31217 1643 610 864 2382 3 1228 2415 15884 2 322 7 468 923 164 363 603 117 5 1217 12 441 172 20 1351 1

30075 2255 236 32 1377 821 274 1648 17172 172 254 91 564 806 96 875 387 291 228 578 7 185 303 2 1389 32

23764 1930 325 3 937 639 155 2038 11603 76 216 59 491 1577 81 813 358 482 255 556 2 128 92 101 847 -

19291 1975 201 8 829 307 224 1941 7940 145 51 568 1234 162 556 235 758 265 543 3 207 75 74 176 814 -

20926 1446 581 46 685 802 189 1880 8758 158 56 546 1172 48 445 448 1556 245 448 3 51 227 29 218 889 -

85 31 -

1636 13 77 3 188

722 10 1 1 16 375 3 -

4980 37 1 -

908 2 3 16 2 4

389 16 1 275 4 16

177 5 23 1 22 40 2

109 21 1 3 2 -

313 21 2 9 31 15 4

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

54

1355

316

4942

881

77

84

82

231

8158

6711

3778

893

34

3

57

208

404

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.79

AUSTRALIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40 20

20

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 400

90

350

80 70

300

60

250

50 200 40 150

30

100

20

50

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

300

400 250 350 300

200

250 150 200 150

100

100 50 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.80 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

81.51 32.26 37.98 4.83 5.04 1.40 -

99.43 39.03 42.96 10.66 5.16 1.59 0.03 -

123.18 49.97 44.57 21.12 5.66 1.74 0.12 -

154.44 68.80 48.79 27.53 7.19 2.01 0.13 -

184.86 78.49 56.25 39.62 8.41 1.46 0.62 -

187.24 78.65 57.65 40.40 8.26 1.50 0.78 -

179.77 75.58 57.60 37.15 7.06 1.53 0.84 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.46 2.61 0.95 9.07 0.68 1.27 -

2.23 2.42 1.36 3.47 2.01 -0.76 10.56 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 180 0.45 13.6 5.99 120.4 107.0 69.3 64 ..

1980 217 0.46 14.8 6.72 122.0 107.5 86.9 95 60.6

1990 289 0.43 17.2 7.17 113.3 103.2 106.3 154 77.8

2000 411 0.38 19.3 8.01 100.0 100.0 100.0 210 100.0

2008 529 0.35 21.6 8.54 93.0 88.7 95.5 257 114.8

2009 535 0.35 22.1 8.47 93.1 87.8 95.0 261 112.9

2010e 549 0.33 22.2 8.11 87.1 82.2 .. 256 117.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.82 3.29 -0.36 -1.03 1.37 1.34 1.07 0.88 -0.36 -1.03 -0.21 -0.85 2.55 -0.59 5.27 2.80 1.98

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

36.14 22.71 9.64 -

38.48 24.76 10.90 -

62.50 74.47 14.61 -

100.89 113.27 20.95 -

136.25 172.00 20.98 -

126.41 189.97 21.68 -

147.94 188.35 21.36 -

4.67 10.40 3.52 -

3.78 5.05 2.10 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

37.67 30.88 30.47 -

40.09 31.52 32.89 -

64.63 93.94 45.99 -

103.75 135.68 67.29 -

140.11 185.27 66.03 -

129.99 204.64 68.25 -

152.14 200.90 67.23 -

4.60 9.72 3.49 -

3.75 4.18 2.10 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.81

AUSTRALIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

56.54 7.42 34.66 3.02 4.99 6.45 -

66.84 6.44 38.46 7.18 5.00 0.03 9.73 -

80.80 6.39 41.43 12.35 4.65 0.12 15.87 -

99.39 5.99 49.59 16.27 6.20 0.12 21.22 -

108.80 5.44 53.00 18.75 6.02 0.20 25.38 -

111.49 5.83 54.34 18.92 6.11 0.22 26.06 -

111.02 5.83 53.82 18.81 6.02 0.28 26.26 -

2.12 -0.88 1.05 8.64 -0.42 5.45 -

1.69 -0.48 1.39 2.24 1.37 4.76 2.69 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

21.81 6.99 7.96 1.88 2.13 2.85 -

25.12 5.85 7.69 4.89 2.71 3.99 -

27.46 6.00 4.13 7.95 2.12 7.27 -

33.97 5.76 5.07 10.16 3.51 9.46 -

37.52 5.20 5.30 11.87 3.76 11.40 -

38.58 5.63 5.62 11.84 3.83 11.66 -

38.01 5.64 5.52 11.59 3.72 11.54 -

1.36 -0.90 -3.79 8.86 -0.04 5.67 -

1.73 -0.32 1.55 2.00 3.01 2.46 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

18.47 0.03 18.36 -

24.04 0.01 23.92 -

30.16 0.10 29.82 0.01

36.65 0.13 35.81 0.43

40.07 0.14 38.88 0.56

41.11 0.11 39.84 0.58

40.86 0.13 39.44 0.60

2.93 7.63 2.89 -

1.61 1.11 1.48 21.73

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.08 7.21 0.27 1.13 0.67

0.11 8.63 0.28 1.12 1.38

0.22 10.70 0.08 0.54 2.70

0.29 12.94 0.03 e 0.50 3.64

0.16 0.33 13.81 0.03 0.45 4.13

0.23 0.35 14.12 0.02 0.49 4.20

0.34 0.35 14.30 0.01 0.49 4.29

6.13 2.35 -6.73 -4.23 8.58

2.45 1.54 -10.37 -0.49 2.47

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.86 2.29 1.61 0.13 0.16 0.22

2.26 0.03 3.56 3.43 0.31 0.72 0.46

2.53 0.12 4.74 4.98 0.21 0.37 1.04

2.67 0.12 5.99 7.20 0.07 e 0.45 1.54

2.09 0.20 6.91 8.75 0.08 0.84 1.29

2.04 0.22 7.15 8.92 0.07 0.85 1.31

1.94 0.27 7.29 9.26 0.06 0.87 1.45

-0.72 4.35 6.86 2.75 5.00 9.62

-1.37 4.57 2.30 3.32 -6.84 4.64 1.74

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.10 3.63 3.38 0.26

0.03 1.90 4.12 3.67 0.45

3.35 5.65 5.01 0.64

0.01 5.13 6.32 5.84 0.49

0.01 0.01 6.52 5.67 4.77 0.89

0.01 0.01 6.68 5.75 4.76 0.99

0.01 0.01 6.87 5.50 4.62 0.88

6.79 2.63 2.35 5.54

3.85 -0.14 -0.43 1.69

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.82 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

57.5 -25.2 -0.0

74.1 0.0 -39.7 4.6

151.6 -96.1 -5.5

235.1 e -173.5 7.1

32.3

39.0

50.0

68.8

Statistical difference

0.0

0.0

0.1

Total transformation

-24.8 e

-31.9 e

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-19.7 -19.7 -

-28.8 -28.1 -0.7

0.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

2008

2009

2010e

329.2 0.0 -246.6 -4.2

338.1 -255.9 -3.5

357.6 -290.9 8.8

5.9 8.2 x

4.3 5.3 x

78.5

78.6

75.6

2.6

2.4

-0.4 e

0.8

0.9

..

x

x

-43.2 e

-62.0 e

-72.4

-73.0 e

..

3.3

2.8

-41.3 -40.4 -0.9

-60.0 e -59.4 e -0.7 e

-70.8 -70.7 -0.0

-71.6 -71.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

4.4 4.3 -

2.9 3.1 -17.6

0.5

0.3

0.1 e

0.1

0.1

..

-0.4

-5.6

-5.4 e -0.2 -2.4 e -2.8 -

-3.6 e -0.2 -2.2 e -1.2 -

-2.2 e -0.0 -1.4 e -0.8 -

-2.0 e -0.0 e -1.5 -0.5 -

-1.8 -0.1 -1.7 -0.0 -

-1.4 e -0.1 -1.4 e 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.2 -8.3 -3.3 -7.3 -

-2.3 4.6 -0.1 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.7

-0.5

-1.0

-0.7

..

19.7

1.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

7.4

6.4

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.8

..

-0.9

-0.5

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

7.0 3.0 e 0.4 0.9 0.3

5.8 2.9 e 0.4 0.8 0.3

6.0 2.1 e 0.4 0.8 0.3

5.8 1.8 e 0.3 e 0.7 e 0.3

5.6 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.3

5.6 1.3 e 0.4 1.0 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.9 -2.1 0.3 -0.7 -0.3

-0.3 -2.7 -0.2 1.4 -0.6

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

7.6

1.1

0.4 0.1 0.3

0.6 0.3 0.3

0.3 0.2 0.1

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e

0.1 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-1.8 2.8 -6.7

-7.6 -6.8 -10.4

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-0.5 e

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.83

AUSTRALIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

24.24 20.89 20.53 0.36 0.04 3.17 0.37 0.15 0.88 0.28 1.49 0.25 -

43.37 38.20 37.75 0.45 4.85 0.34 0.13 0.97 0.35 3.06 0.15 -

56.03 51.10 50.91 0.19 4.69 0.10 0.09 0.79 0.33 3.39 0.04 -

62.52 56.75 56.75 0.83 4.68 0.10 0.09 1.17 0.41 2.92 0.05 -

65.32 59.60 59.60 0.81 4.68 0.02 0.09 1.12 0.44 3.02 0.04 -

64.32 58.11 58.11 0.83 5.20 0.02 0.09 1.15 0.42 3.53 0.03 -

63.64 58.16 58.16 0.50 4.81 0.17 0.08 1.09 0.40 3.07 0.02 -

4.97 5.16 5.21 1.82 3.59 -0.73 -1.34 0.83 1.89 6.15 -3.93 -

2.04 2.24 2.30 -0.04 -3.64 -2.69 0.61 0.75 0.02 -9.32 -

7.22 7.22 -

5.93 5.93 -

4.80 4.80 -

5.35 5.35 -

4.55 4.55 -

4.55 4.55 -

3.40 3.40 -

-1.62 -1.62 -

-2.88 -2.88 -

30.47 27.32 26.32 0.99 2.85 0.31 0.26 0.04 0.00 -

45.99 44.14 43.07 1.07 1.78 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.05 -

67.29 66.34 65.25 1.09 0.96 -

67.15 66.29 66.29 0.90 0.00 0.00 -

65.61 61.67 61.67 0.65 0.00 0.00 -

66.03 63.64 63.64 0.61 0.00 0.00 -

68.25 65.85 65.85 0.54 0.00 0.00 -

3.49 4.08 4.19 0.62 -3.84 -11.23 0.96 -

2.10 2.13 2.26 -6.08 -17.25 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.84 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.83 67.03 ..

14.47 144.85 ..

29.05 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 29.69 67.03 .. 34.33

.. 29.57 144.85 .. 56.81

.. .. .. .. 95.78

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Australian dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

8.91 80.22 ..

11.97 174.24 ..

35.11 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 25.19 80.22 .. 38.52

.. 25.22 174.24 .. 64.06

.. .. .. .. 157.84

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

0.04 0.04

0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01

-

-

25.21 25.21 .. .. -

39.73 39.60 32.15 7.45 0.12

96.07 95.54 55.58 39.96 0.53

173.46 173.45 96.43 77.02 0.02

226.95 226.95 116.02 110.93 -

235.43 235.43 127.55 107.88 -

246.55 246.55 133.15 113.40 -

255.89 255.89 121.79 134.10 -

290.86 290.86 150.36 140.49 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.85

AUSTRALIA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

31029

49382

57750

74291

99161

131164

136924

125238

154623

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

29177 374 32 1173 191 1319 22640 1330 10 992 593 469 54

41759 16 64 2106 2055 29251 3064 1380 1186 516 2121 -

44002 1054 200 1917 25 1181 28579 4944 713 694 702 912 3081 -

54258 1524 466 2310 204 2752 30774 9032 703 129 896 535 1608 3325 -

73658 1833 463 3739 2619 2914 39174 10358 666 2194 1767 992 1451 5488 -

80490 1923 867 284 3444 273 2287 48689 6254 1019 7139 1735 1258 1563 3755 -

86158 2927 513 304 3056 1618 150 281 2255 50203 8356 857 6242 2464 1302 1845 3785 -

70944 1578 339 297 1441 1351 147 1450 42114 12772 478 3407 675 980 1672 2243 -

84266 1242 297 256 3025 1290 1740 45779 17410 351 4213 254 1715 1750 1317 3627 -

1852 164 981 32 675 -

7623 958 1990 312 2042 595 688 35 192 680

13748 1291 2798 323 4844 2256 454 300 560 734

20033 3448 3851 459 9555 710 597 384 211 818

25293 4988 6273 10588 1554 595 174 1051

40022 3052 8036 498 19534 334 2289 606 2975 396

39858 3866 6392 366 24229 410 2016 544 1534 501

48223 4083 2639 140 24011 1117 879 14757 327

68813 4245 7390 68 32264 1450 819 21852 510

-

131

188

-

70

2302

-

270

215

-

-

-

-

210

10652

10908

6071

1544

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.86 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRALIA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

5522

39259

45646

62411

87801

112424

115265

136504

143053

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

4809 150 682 458 1489 320 932 778

29523 771 99 2557 508 591 125 577 226 15256 5453 2464 455 441 -

38304 129 120 1149 934 125 133 528 26569 3633 4236 205 155 29 328 31

51291 1116 1023 1076 276 61 121 695 366 34556 9662 1562 264 110 44 25 142 192

70498 428 1301 142 434 72 110 284 2623 428 47449 11452 2550 16 1445 83 55 1499 127

84556 54 671 160 1202 129 254 507 58813 15061 5069 797 85 986 101 600 67

89382 41 420 684 527 177 66959 18552 818 187 80 545 253 71 68

99213 20 151 73 1031 672 62791 30111 2304 802 93 309 277 361 218

100514 647 564 109 516 340 69300 26213 2259 94 54 73 345

193 76 117

8072 3761 93 2189 2029

7342 158 3046 47 33 2443 1615

11120 5920 110 3420 1670

17303 10034 2469 72 1429 3299

27868 111 16233 744 82 3229 7469

25883 29 18559 661 1480 5154

36881 4 20391 70 814 224 9000 6378

42539 21329 563 14968 5679

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

520

1664

-

-

-

-

-

410

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.87

AUSTRALIA 13. Coal export values by destination* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

47.72

44.23

32.85

88.94

98.27

84.16

194.87

143.83

171.75

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

51.66 x x x 47.00 46.30 x x 46.76 46.98 50.32 x x 48.27 50.15 x 50.25 47.25 x x

44.65 x x x 43.07 43.41 x x 42.06 43.37 44.75 x 49.00 48.65 48.95 x 44.26 45.13 x x

31.01 x x x 33.37 30.46 x x 34.97 31.64 34.10 x x 34.81 38.71 x 32.55 33.80 x x

104.61 x x 125.25 96.94 99.12 x x 102.14 83.74 98.18 x x 98.95 117.03 x 108.84 100.80 x x

102.26 x x 114.87 100.91 117.71 x x 116.96 94.04 102.32 x x 111.44 114.40 x 92.04 104.06 x x

89.48 x x 104.79 89.99 102.27 66.59 x 99.64 79.50 92.15 x x 95.80 96.65 x 77.14 91.38 x x

193.95 x x 303.82 193.92 240.18 x x 229.97 193.79 213.20 x x 231.74 275.66 x 237.21 200.63 x x

133.96 x x 151.00 193.51 165.59 x x 174.51 165.07 196.55 x x 160.60 146.05 x 161.37 149.63 x x

198.00 x x x 220.90 184.82 x x 208.24 154.53 197.71 x x 188.97 198.20 x 160.25 163.56 x x

Steam coal(1)

38.34

34.99

24.27

48.86

47.05

51.11

92.23

80.03

85.81

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

38.42 x 32.29 x 33.82 37.74 x x x 40.03 36.31 x x 32.00 x x x 35.45 x x

33.43 x 24.73 x 32.97 29.61 x 34.14 37.75 36.85 33.03 x 31.12 x 37.85 x x x x x

20.72 x 17.01 x 19.14 x 24.07 21.21 21.30 24.72 20.65 x x 21.16 29.22 x 27.11 20.98 x x

x x 44.09 x 45.88 x x 29.92 x 49.42 60.71 x x 42.82 67.75 x x 54.27 x x

67.08 x 55.39 x 46.28 42.03 x x x 50.59 50.50 x x 51.11 66.81 x x 46.30 x x

x x x x 44.93 x x 75.25 x 54.61 49.60 x x 71.08 60.32 x x x x x

153.74 x x x 75.81 x x 129.29 x 103.23 86.94 x x 122.95 109.33 x x 125.83 x x

x x 87.04 x 67.68 x x x x 88.54 78.94 x x 44.47 90.88 x x 65.52 x x

x x x x x x x x x 89.03 x x x x 120.56 x x x x x

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.88 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40 20

10

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.89

AUSTRIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

30.68 5.53 17.30 4.72 1.02 2.30 -0.19 -

33.08 5.22 17.26 5.93 1.62 3.53 -0.49 -

35.40 5.85 14.77 7.40 3.54 3.87 0.01 0.02 -0.06 -

40.81 5.13 16.78 9.31 4.48 5.14 0.04 0.10 -0.17 0.01

47.84 5.38 18.17 10.67 7.90 4.66 0.05 0.42 0.60 0.01

45.23 4.15 17.37 10.23 7.96 4.95 0.05 0.42 0.10 0.00

47.24 4.52 17.67 11.73 8.24 4.27 0.05 0.47 0.27 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.85 0.33 -0.93 2.68 7.57 3.10 -6.89 -

1.30 -1.80 0.86 1.72 4.36 1.30 12.45 17.05 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 99 0.31 7.6 4.04 145.6 208.6 95.1 31 43.4

1980 120 0.27 7.5 4.38 128.8 161.5 101.8 42 53.3

1990 149 0.24 7.7 4.61 111.3 146.2 106.5 49 69.9

2000 191 0.21 8.0 5.09 100.0 100.0 100.0 60 100.0

2008 227 0.21 8.3 5.74 98.6 88.2 99.4 64 135.8

2009 218 0.21 8.4 5.41 97.0 70.7 100.0 66 120.7

2010e 223 0.21 8.4 5.63 99.4 75.6 .. 67 128.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.45 2.03 -1.57 -0.72 0.07 0.45 0.77 0.84 -1.57 -0.72 -2.07 -3.75 0.67 -0.33 2.78 1.52 2.84 2.92

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.35 -

1.20 -

0.91 0.00

0.42 0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

-3.25 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.08 -

2.87 -

2.45 0.00

1.25 0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

-1.88 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.90 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

23.73 3.35 14.21 2.07 0.99 3.11 -

26.63 2.81 13.94 4.04 1.51 4.06 0.27

28.18 1.93 12.65 4.34 3.12 0.01 0.02 5.25 0.87

33.63 1.25 14.83 6.10 3.56 0.01 0.09 6.33 1.46

38.74 0.92 16.92 6.35 4.93 0.01 0.15 7.56 1.90

39.05 1.00 16.29 6.73 5.33 0.01 0.16 7.48 2.06

37.55 0.86 15.69 6.11 5.29 0.01 0.18 7.23 2.17

1.02 -3.21 -0.68 4.45 7.00 3.14 -

1.52 -4.13 1.14 1.83 2.83 3.32 11.77 1.69 4.89

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

7.46 1.09 3.19 1.65 0.05 1.49 -

7.04 1.31 1.42 2.27 0.30 1.74 -

7.39 0.91 0.96 2.33 0.87 2.21 0.11

8.61 0.89 0.81 2.99 1.20 2.54 0.17

10.69 0.77 1.00 3.36 1.95 3.33 0.28

10.99 0.86 0.99 3.47 2.17 3.22 0.28

10.47 0.72 1.03 3.25 1.99 3.14 0.34

-0.05 -1.05 -6.80 2.07 18.45 2.35 -

1.85 -1.19 0.36 1.76 4.48 1.87 5.91

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

5.53 0.16 5.12 0.03

5.84 0.02 5.49 0.05

6.95 0.00 6.46 0.14

9.40 0.00 8.62 0.33

12.19 11.03 0.28

11.63 10.29 0.35

11.43 10.06 0.27

1.36 -21.12 1.38 9.94

2.65 2.36 3.55

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 0.22 8.17 2.03 4.33 0.13

0.00 0.28 7.28 1.33 3.11 0.55

0.01 0.34 8.28 0.94 2.44 1.09

0.02 0.43 8.83 0.30 2.45 1.60

0.44 0.43 8.66 0.11 1.87 1.62

0.55 0.43 8.87 0.11 1.93 1.65

0.70 0.41 8.92 0.11 1.92 1.67

5.41 2.73 0.08 -4.39 -3.33 13.14

25.89 0.95 0.39 -10.57 -1.23 2.28

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.93 0.75 0.71 0.06 0.02 0.07

1.21 1.08 2.62 0.15 1.20 0.43

1.98 0.01 1.46 0.35 2.50 0.04 0.56 0.26

2.05 0.05 1.84 0.53 3.78 0.04 0.62 0.80

2.15 0.10 2.10 0.71 3.95 0.01 0.52 0.74

2.22 0.11 2.12 0.73 4.40 0.01 0.71 0.86

2.22 0.12 2.14 0.73 3.65 0.01 0.38 0.56

4.54 4.03 7.70 -3.05 21.96 8.17

0.60 12.80 2.02 3.92 2.01 -7.97 -1.94 4.12

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.56 1.76 0.00 1.56 0.19

0.83 2.30 0.00 1.56 0.73

0.11 0.01 0.01 1.12 0.40 2.22 0.01 1.70 0.50

0.11 0.01 0.04 1.42 0.74 2.25 0.01 1.89 0.35

0.11 0.01 0.06 1.60 0.90 2.50 0.02 2.13 0.34

0.10 0.01 0.06 1.62 1.03 2.41 0.02 2.00 0.38

0.10 0.01 0.06 1.44 1.09 2.32 0.02 1.96 0.35

4.15 1.39 12.38 0.50 5.85

-0.69 3.32 10.16 1.37 5.35 0.24 1.39 0.73 -1.92

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.91

AUSTRIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.5 4.4 -0.1 -0.2

1.2 4.0 -0.0 0.0

0.9 4.5 -0.0 0.4

0.4 4.4 -0.1 0.4

0.0 5.6 -0.0 -0.2

0.0 4.0 -0.0 0.2

0.0 4.4 -0.0 0.1

-2.7 0.2 -17.0 x

-34.4 -0.7 8.5 x

Primary supply

5.5

5.2

5.9

5.1

5.4

4.1

4.5

0.3

-1.8

Statistical difference

0.0

0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-2.2 e

-3.3 e

-3.1 e

-3.3

-2.5

..

3.6

-1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-1.2 -1.0 -0.2

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.0 -1.6 -0.4

-2.1 -1.6 -0.5

-1.6 -1.1 -0.5

.. .. ..

4.0 4.2 3.3

-2.2 -3.3 1.9

0.5

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-15.7

-

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1 -

-1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.1 -2.1 3.0 -

0.5 0.9 -2.1 -

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

-1.1 e 0.1 -1.0 e -0.1 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.1 -

-1.1 e -1.0 e -0.1 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.3

-0.1

-0.7

-0.7

-1.0

-0.6

..

5.4

-0.4

Losses

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.1

-0.0

..

x

x

Final consumption

3.4

2.8

1.9

1.3

1.0

0.9

..

-3.2

-4.1

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.1 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

1.3 1.1 e 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.9 0.5 e 0.1 0.2 0.1

0.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.1 -1.6 -1.6 7.5 4.4

-1.2 -2.2 -0.7 0.3 0.7

Transport(6)

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-21.1

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

2.1 0.1 2.0

1.5 0.2 1.3

1.0 0.0 0.9

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

.. .. ..

-4.3 -3.1 -4.4

-10.5 -8.0 -10.6

Non-energy use

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

12.4

1.4

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.92 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.37 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 -

1.82 1.42 1.37 0.05 0.21 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.00

1.85 1.42 1.36 0.06 0.31 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.00

2.15 1.89 1.84 0.04 0.21 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.00

2.37 1.98 1.94 0.04 0.36 0.09 0.02 0.16 0.10 0.03 0.00

2.16 1.74 1.70 0.04 0.40 0.18 0.02 0.14 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00

1.59 1.20 1.16 0.04 0.36 0.11 0.02 0.14 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.00

14.21 83.11 82.59 15.22 21.10 -4.28 -

-0.72 -0.89 -0.88 -0.95 2.96 5.10 -1.72 22.11 -11.10 -3.58

2.01 2.01 -

2.34 2.34 -

1.88 1.88 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.90 1.90 -

1.86 1.86 -

1.69 1.69 -

1.28 1.28 -

-1.68 -1.68 -

2.99 2.03 1.99 0.04 0.03 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.63 -

2.50 2.13 2.08 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.22 -

1.38 1.23 1.19 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.05 -

1.28 1.14 1.12 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.01 -

0.10 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 -

0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00 -

-1.47 0.43 0.37 2.75 -2.72 2.69 -1.05 -15.69 -8.51 -

-16.63 -3.45 10.71 -20.17 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.93

AUSTRIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

173.19 69.15 74.24

176.96 120.07 164.82

80.98 92.64 115.57

56.94 51.28 ..

98.23 164.85 ..

101.93 160.66 ..

129.35 249.60 ..

141.37 153.71 ..

124.64 191.32 ..

90.20 .. 74.62 .. 73.76

119.83 .. 131.06 .. 118.88

78.84 .. 87.74 .. 121.26

54.73 .. .. 128.14 ..

181.33 .. .. 305.62 ..

203.12 .. .. 346.28 ..

249.48 .. .. 490.10 ..

243.64 .. .. 355.95 ..

236.50 .. .. 438.29 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

172.67 100.14 100.80

157.05 154.79 199.20

63.15 104.94 122.74

58.33 76.31 ..

73.92 180.19 ..

70.25 160.84 ..

83.53 234.14 ..

96.07 151.74 ..

88.84 198.10 ..

93.75 .. 108.06 .. 100.14

110.87 .. 168.96 .. 143.67

64.10 .. 99.39 .. 128.78

58.45 .. .. 190.67 ..

142.25 .. .. 334.05 ..

145.95 .. .. 346.68 ..

167.96 .. .. 459.75 ..

172.62 .. .. 351.38 ..

175.75 .. .. 453.82 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

4.38 2.87 .. .. 0.20 1.31

4.01 2.71 2.23 0.48 0.12 1.18

4.54 3.53 2.36 1.18 0.01 0.99

4.38 3.32 1.72 1.60 0.03 1.03

5.41 4.02 1.79 2.23 0.08 1.31

5.85 4.32 1.84 2.48 0.07 1.46

5.57 3.99 1.92 2.07 0.08 1.51

3.99 3.07 1.65 1.42 0.07 0.85

4.44 3.10 1.82 1.27 0.07 1.28

0.08 .. .. 0.00 0.08

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.07 0.07

0.05 0.05

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.02 0.00 0.02

0.01 0.01

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.94 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

AUSTRIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

2307

3599

3609

2994

3409

4426

4063

3146

3166

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2006 662 205 470 -

2483 652 147 784 503 -

2376 746 566 456 -

1778 1778 -

1738 1187 551 -

1859 849 605 405 -

1931 1044 377 510 -

1661 1003 372 286 -

1838 -

669 -

397 -

608 -

-

-

-

-

-

1838

301 8 260 -

1116 66 57 949 19 -

1233 29 1189 9

1216 15 10 1087 9

1671 307 6 1358 -

2567 909 26 1448 55 1

2132 944 28 1050 16

1485 657 21 730 11

1328 482 5 165 540 2

33 -

25

6 -

95 -

-

121 7 -

53 41 -

37 29 -

16 97 1 20 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.95

AUSTRIA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

214.20

68.06

85.39

206.11

..

307.83

295.92

289.94

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 242.07 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 206.11 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

116.18 .. 406.70 129.52 100.29 155.09 .. .. 133.90 70.33 .. ..

106.63 .. 401.61 115.10 95.32 141.99 291.30 .. .. 84.00 .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

66.80 .. .. 63.72 73.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

44.57 .. .. 43.50 45.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

114.81 135.44 .. 116.79 106.74 159.43 472.80 .. 117.62 118.57 .. ..

170.22 .. 321.27 165.34 165.52 185.60 505.58 .. .. 177.48 .. ..

148.12 .. .. 144.57 133.63 173.85 .. .. .. 175.05 .. ..

161.66 .. .. 152.93 138.27 226.78 .. 241.64 .. 126.39 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.96 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 90

140

80

120

70

100

60 80

50 40

60

30

40

20

20

10 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

Other transformation

2009

140

90

120

80 100

70 60

80

50 60

40 30

40

20 20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.97

BELGIUM 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

65.70 15.97 39.55 10.20 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.09 -

66.81 16.28 33.34 12.73 0.08 4.67 0.03 -0.32 -

68.98 15.10 25.65 11.67 1.08 15.91 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.46 -

83.58 11.25 33.23 19.09 1.48 17.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.53 -

83.68 6.21 34.40 21.19 3.38 16.96 0.05 0.00 0.09 1.30 0.09

81.74 4.25 34.30 21.58 4.01 17.58 0.04 0.01 0.16 -0.23 0.03

81.14 2.72 31.09 24.99 4.03 17.85 0.04 0.01 0.26 0.07 0.09

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.29 -0.33 -2.52 0.79 30.09 45.13 2.63 9.84 -

0.90 -6.45 1.54 3.29 7.16 0.53 1.11 3.47 25.70 -3.66 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 127 0.52 9.7 6.76 143.6 259.4 80.6 41 65.6

1980 153 0.44 9.9 6.78 121.5 219.9 85.0 53 70.5

1990 187 0.37 10.0 6.92 102.8 167.1 93.2 70 85.9

2000 232 0.36 10.2 8.16 100.0 100.0 100.0 83 100.0

2008 268 0.31 10.7 7.82 86.7 47.8 92.4 84 111.4

2009 261 0.31 10.8 7.58 87.1 33.7 88.8 90 96.5

2010e 266 0.30 10.9 7.47 84.7 21.1 .. 95 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.28 1.78 -1.95 -0.87 0.15 0.42 0.14 0.48 -1.95 -0.87 -2.55 -8.09 0.86 -0.25 3.28 1.30 1.59 0.61

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.81 3.19 -

4.04 2.69 -

1.69 -

0.29 -

-

-

-

-5.18 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.81 4.90 -

4.04 3.98 -

2.36 -

0.38 -

-

-

-

-5.92 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.98 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

48.19 8.15 28.80 6.57 4.20 0.46

46.12 6.05 24.08 10.11 5.33 0.56

45.81 5.05 23.04 9.74 0.54 0.00 7.12 0.32

59.12 3.68 29.93 14.52 0.76 0.00 9.53 0.70

56.64 1.44 28.12 15.11 1.20 0.01 10.18 0.58

60.51 1.72 31.32 15.23 1.39 0.01 10.16 0.68

56.03 1.07 28.47 14.45 1.72 0.02 9.49 0.82

-0.30 -2.78 -1.30 2.34 3.15 -2.14

1.07 -7.87 1.12 2.10 6.32 14.57 1.52 5.15

19.41 5.06 7.46 3.68 2.75 0.46

16.00 4.57 3.65 4.33 2.94 0.51

15.02 4.30 2.31 4.12 0.27 3.75 0.27

18.32 3.40 2.29 6.58 0.54 4.90 0.61

15.78 1.26 1.43 6.94 0.75 4.93 0.47

15.29 1.47 1.02 6.59 0.89 4.79 0.53

12.97 0.71 0.93 5.71 0.93 4.01 0.67

-1.50 -0.95 -6.67 0.67 1.83 -3.08

-0.77 -9.04 -4.64 1.73 6.68 0.36 4.91

6.31 0.02 6.20 -

7.72 0.00 7.60 -

9.69 9.53 -

11.69 11.52 -

12.11 11.78 -

13.10 12.75 -

13.06 12.44 -

2.55 2.57 -

1.59 1.41 -

0.10 15.78 3.07 10.21 1.56

0.12 13.70 1.48 7.00 3.58

0.15 11.82 0.75 4.98 3.55

0.18 13.53 0.28 5.39 4.70

0.13 0.21 11.58 0.16 3.74 4.68

0.14 0.21 12.54 0.22 4.80 4.71

0.41 0.22 11.83 0.33 3.93 4.73

2.53 -1.68 -7.99 -4.14 4.95

1.83 0.00 -4.21 -1.24 1.53

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.93 1.52 0.00 0.59 0.51

1.61 0.02 4.25 0.00 2.23 1.34

0.26 2.26 0.03 4.11 1.65 1.48

0.22 0.00 2.92 0.02 4.92 1.19 2.21

0.29 0.01 2.69 0.02 5.59 1.33 1.95

0.32 0.01 2.45 0.02 6.74 1.65 2.42

0.32 0.01 2.48 0.02 6.57 1.36 2.46

5.34 6.02 6.20 6.42

1.05 0.49 -1.78 2.50 -1.03 2.72

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.41 4.52 3.69 0.83

0.65 0.03 3.73 2.87 0.86

0.96 0.02 4.48 3.88 0.60

0.00 0.00 1.50 0.02 9.63 8.60 1.03

0.01 0.00 2.23 0.07 10.28 0.03 8.95 1.30

0.01 0.00 2.56 0.10 11.63 0.03 10.33 1.27

0.01 0.00 2.64 0.10 10.36 0.01 9.13 1.21

5.08 -0.06 0.29 -1.87

5.48 8.59 4.51 4.61 3.79

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.99

BELGIUM 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.2 7.6 -1.1 0.3

6.7 11.5 -1.2 -0.7

1.7 15.3 -1.6 -0.3

0.3 11.8 -1.6 0.7

7.8 -1.2 -0.4

4.6 -1.2 0.8

2.6 -0.5 0.7

-9.5 4.2 2.2 x

-6.1 -1.7 x

Primary supply

16.0

16.3

15.1

11.3

6.2

4.3

2.7

-0.3

-6.4

Statistical difference

1.5

-0.4

-0.0

-0.5

0.2

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-8.2

-9.1 e

-9.4 e

-6.7 e

-4.4 e

-3.0 e

..

0.8

-5.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-3.9 -3.9 -

-5.5 -4.8 -0.7

-6.5 -6.0 -0.5

-4.7 -4.5 -0.2

-2.7 -2.2 -0.5

-2.1 -2.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

3.0 2.5 -

-5.8 -5.7 -7.6

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-4.3 -3.8 -0.6 0.1

-3.6 e -2.9 e -0.8 0.0

-2.9 e -2.3 e -0.5 0.0 e

-2.0 e -2.0 e -0.0 0.0

-1.8 e -1.7 e -0.1 -0.0

-1.0 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -2.7 -0.6 -34.9

-5.5 -5.9 -3.9 -

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.1

-0.8

-0.7

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

..

-2.6

-8.4

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

8.2

6.0

5.1

3.7

1.7

1.1

..

-2.8

-7.9

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.1 3.5 0.1 1.0 -

4.6 2.9 e 0.1 1.5 0.0

4.3 2.9 e 0.2 0.8 0.0

3.4 2.8 e 0.0 0.4 0.0

1.5 1.1 e 0.2 0.0

0.7 0.3 e 0.0 0.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.0 -1.1 2.2 -1.0 -

-9.0 -10.6 -23.4 -7.0 -0.7

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

3.1 0.0 3.1

1.5 0.0 1.5

0.7 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.3 0.3

.. .. ..

-8.0 -8.0

-4.1 -4.2

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.100 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

8.76 4.44 4.18 0.26 0.12 0.03 2.66 0.17 0.03 2.44 0.02 1.63 -

9.00 6.64 6.34 0.30 0.00 0.41 1.37 0.10 0.14 0.87 0.05 0.22 0.70 -

7.00 4.37 4.31 0.07 0.01 0.98 0.98 0.48 0.36 0.04 0.10 0.30 -

4.29 3.05 2.98 0.06 0.01 0.48 0.36 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.08 0.19 0.01

3.07 2.25 2.19 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.28 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.09 0.16 0.03

2.97 1.95 1.87 0.09 0.01 0.40 0.37 0.08 0.17 0.04 0.08 0.23 0.03

2.72 1.74 1.66 0.08 0.05 0.30 0.00 0.17 0.05 0.09 0.36 0.02

0.22 3.41 3.53 1.22 -32.76 -5.39 -4.36 13.74 -8.25 20.19 -6.77 -

-6.09 -6.80 -6.80 -6.78 -11.02 -7.66 -21.48 -8.27 -4.84 -3.48 -

7.52 0.20 0.18 0.02 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

7.16 7.16 -

4.05 3.86 -

3.26 3.37 -

3.45 3.43 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

2.91 2.82 -

1.96 2.05 -

-0.42 -0.03 -

-6.59 -6.38 -

-

0.28 0.28 0.28 -

0.22 0.22 0.22 -

0.21 0.21 0.01 0.20 -

0.32 0.32 0.32 -

0.28 0.28 0.28 0.00 -

0.17 0.15 0.00 0.14 0.00 -

-

-2.43 -3.09 -3.37 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.101

BELGIUM 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

53.08 66.67 65.42

62.51 128.76 123.12

59.60 91.13 96.10

42.95 129.79 c

82.93 x c

99.07 x c

171.19 x c

100.77 x c

.. x c

29.62 63.67 66.67 .. 71.79

42.87 66.51 128.76 .. 117.89

55.41 61.72 91.13 102.02 112.22

.. 47.21 129.79 117.76 c

.. .. x 251.62 c

.. .. x 289.79 ..

.. .. x 444.57 435.38

.. .. x 300.97 324.61

.. .. x 384.64 276.04

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.61 72.53 65.69

34.56 130.02 114.77

37.68 105.23 102.43

35.54 196.15 c

50.40 x c

55.15 x c

89.29 x c

55.31 x c

.. x c

18.34 49.73 72.53 .. 72.09

24.64 48.22 130.02 .. 109.89

36.42 51.17 105.23 117.80 119.61

.. 51.22 196.15 177.97 c

.. .. x 279.32 c

.. .. x 294.66 ..

.. .. x 423.54 382.89

.. .. x 301.74 300.41

.. .. x 404.49 267.96

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

7.60 6.36 .. .. 1.24

11.49 10.13 4.17 5.96 0.03 1.33

15.33 14.37 7.13 7.24 0.08 0.88

11.84 10.66 3.82 6.84 0.06 1.12

7.67 7.49 3.49 4.00 0.08 0.10

7.21 6.89 3.25 3.64 0.09 0.23

7.79 6.88 2.99 3.88 0.08 0.83

4.64 4.41 1.67 2.74 0.05 0.19

2.57 2.38 1.34 1.04 0.03 0.17

1.10 0.60 .. .. 0.50

1.23 0.47 0.18 0.30 0.76

1.60 0.68 0.68 0.92

1.59 1.28 0.09 1.20 0.30

1.12 0.93 0.01 0.92 0.19

1.39 1.28 0.01 1.27 0.11

1.17 1.05 1.05 0.12

1.16 0.77 0.01 0.76 0.39

0.54 0.40 0.40 0.14

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.102 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

7007

9320

14761

14099

11347

7415

7431

4806

2533

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3490 209 148 59 1751 392 22 833 15

4663 16 94 1028 540 2951 -

7132 1015 236 690 105 32 4897 -

5267 1614 205 20 66 3171 15

3818 1109 678 74 1898 -

3247 1739 175 1326 6

2993 1624 60 1221 65

1666 300 140 14 2 1147 63

1339 520 729 90

15 46 -

34 -

157 -

176 -

59 -

1

16 6 1

-

-

3517 26 2316 105 129 72

4657 205 28 1067 59 39 671 246

7629 388 66 721 242 67 981 60

8832 1283 20 301 318 66 983 75

7529 2354 12 118 225 76 309 48

4168 581 11 97 6 38 403 46

4438 631 141 49 632 44

3140 77 140 86 36 471 20

1194 76 23 27 140 36

606 233 30

112 51 2078 73 28

292 170 6 4365 234 1 36

299 269 4855 154 111 17 81 -

167 431 11 3028 705 19 3 23 -

15 27 275 1641 1010 17 1

24 209 1931 548 218 10 1

114 1900 206 90

57 780 33 22

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.103

BELGIUM 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

122

1075

724

818

1340

1464

1213

876

462

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

122 61 1 21 1 13 6 18 1 -

1021 2 317 345 14 2 79 87 21 7 28 18 101 -

724 1 360 67 5 61 179 4 43 4 -

818 352 204 50 182 25 3 2 -

1340 2 609 495 7 40 136 6 15 15 15 -

1462 263 409 1 46 737 2 1 3 -

1213 293 208 24 582 12 92 2 -

876 406 204 136 129 1 -

454 229 113 30 82 -

-

54 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

52

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

8

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.104 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

BELGIUM 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

63.93

57.74

44.05

108.68

126.85

120.51

163.26

146.61

180.40

63.54 63.80 254.00 60.08 62.61 .. .. 54.18 ..

58.30 56.91 .. 57.96 58.28 63.59 .. 49.03 ..

38.58 43.97 .. .. 52.54 .. .. 41.49 ..

125.12 148.24 .. 133.14 96.51 285.09 .. 67.23 75.13

150.51 153.27 .. 131.24 101.04 229.39 .. 59.63 67.34

135.93 136.78 .. .. 104.33 163.87 .. 78.76 91.44

184.60 .. .. .. 141.00 241.46 .. 139.94 172.22

314.05 166.36 .. .. 140.30 .. .. 79.53 ..

215.58 109.55 .. .. 186.51 .. .. 91.21 139.54

47.94 45.93 66.64 .. 46.66 49.77 45.65 53.17 43.64 43.65 .. ..

39.88 40.41 42.87 .. 31.66 48.91 58.92 35.18 36.80 37.03 .. ..

70.83 97.75 102.49 .. 63.56 .. .. 73.98 68.15 67.19 .. ..

70.95 100.18 .. .. 57.55 66.92 .. 68.14 66.67 63.23 .. ..

82.81 90.32 72.46 .. 158.69 90.95 653.12 84.14 80.05 82.65 .. ..

150.58 199.82 .. .. 270.57 140.60 .. .. 128.43 139.75 .. ..

109.92 272.28 95.33 .. 72.53 139.10 x 152.05 97.91 89.68 .. ..

114.02 160.77 111.61 .. 89.28 141.31 x 96.91 97.65 106.33 ..

45.57 50.57 57.14 .. 48.40 51.01 48.49 51.92 44.88 44.83 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.105

CANADA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 450

160

400

140

350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20

50

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 50

70

45

60

40 50

35 30

40

25 30

20 15

20

10 10

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

600

600

500

500

Other transformation

2009

400

400 300 300 200

200

100

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.106 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

227.63 21.80 113.41 53.25 11.16 5.82 23.91 -1.72 -

275.14 30.32 126.46 65.07 10.92 14.86 30.86 -3.35 -

297.95 34.68 109.31 78.18 11.65 27.71 36.46 0.00 -0.04 -

2000 359.21 45.23 124.43 106.05 16.70 27.10 44.05 0.04 e -4.38 -

2008

2009

2010e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

380.77 39.72 134.55 111.80 17.15 34.98 45.98 0.46 -3.87 -

363.03 34.03 125.55 112.37 16.26 33.66 44.70 0.58 -4.13 -

364.75 32.67 131.08 110.13 16.54 33.63 43.18 0.73 -3.22 -

1.60 2.77 -0.22 2.28 0.25 9.62 2.51 -19.53 -

2010e 873 0.42 33.9 10.75 84.3 60.0 .. 598 89.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.07 2.36 -1.43 -1.28 1.23 1.05 0.36 -0.00 -1.43 -1.28 -0.29 -2.40 0.76 -1.62 3.47 1.19 1.77 1.04

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1.05 -0.10 0.73 1.93 1.77 1.03 1.08 31.47 27.17 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 325 0.70 22.5 10.12 141.3 107.5 101.9 270 51.3

1980 412 0.67 24.5 11.22 134.8 117.9 110.8 373 56.2

1990 544 0.55 27.7 10.76 110.6 102.2 115.8 482 69.1

2000 725 0.50 30.7 11.71 100.0 100.0 100.0 606 100.0

2008 868 0.44 33.3 11.43 88.5 73.3 86.6 641 94.1

2009 847 0.43 33.7 10.76 86.5 64.4 84.8 603 84.0

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

13.39 3.25 7.82 -

13.75 5.82 9.72 -

27.17 9.83 17.18 -

23.92 4.79 20.44 -

23.91 3.79 21.40 -

19.38 4.20 21.36 -

23.75 4.68 20.89 -

6.07 9.66 6.78 -

-1.76 -4.38 1.15 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

13.78 3.36 13.34 -

14.15 6.02 16.52 -

27.66 10.01 30.66 -

28.16 5.64 35.36 -

28.35 4.50 34.91 -

22.98 4.98 34.98 -

28.15 5.55 34.19 -

5.98 9.52 7.18 -

-0.97 -3.61 0.70 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.107

CANADA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

187.48 7.46 108.07 33.89 10.88 27.04 0.14

221.52 6.18 114.27 51.75 10.60 37.25 1.47

227.07 4.41 98.27 61.86 10.26 51.37 0.91

270.90 5.02 115.40 76.30 13.85 59.17 1.16

292.48 5.30 130.20 79.47 14.57 61.80 1.15

286.37 4.59 128.53 76.02 14.72 61.41 1.09

277.39 3.81 121.88 78.14 13.96 58.65 0.95

1.13 -3.04 -0.56 3.60 -0.35 3.85 11.78

1.06 -0.77 1.14 1.24 1.63 0.70 0.23

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

65.02 6.71 20.06 16.95 8.15 13.01 0.14

71.52 5.85 16.56 23.14 7.87 16.67 1.43

67.30 3.87 9.70 24.07 8.13 20.63 0.90

78.56 4.59 9.22 27.59 11.03 24.98 1.15

81.80 4.76 9.09 32.42 10.80 23.72 1.02

75.93 4.13 8.33 30.01 10.85 21.65 0.96

74.39 3.46 6.23 34.26 9.96 19.59 0.88

0.20 -3.18 -4.19 2.08 -0.02 2.75 11.73

0.53 -0.60 -2.30 1.88 1.08 -0.27 -0.11

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

48.00 0.18 47.42 -

63.31 60.70 2.33

61.60 57.06 4.14

74.49 66.95 6.79

82.39 75.03 5.92

81.09 75.04 4.57

78.90 73.43 3.89

1.48 1.09 -

1.31 1.34 -0.33

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.40 36.34 0.57 17.92 8.73

0.28 40.43 0.11 14.67 12.49

0.40 41.03 0.07 6.66 16.22

0.19 0.56 44.10 0.05 4.64 19.80

0.95 0.50 45.89 0.04 3.30 20.95

1.00 0.48 46.61 0.05 2.95 21.15

1.13 0.45 45.36 0.04 2.50 20.27

0.06 0.72 -11.87 -5.66 3.71

0.58 0.53 -2.46 -5.02 1.18

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.73 6.38 24.13 0.00 8.93 8.20

2.73 e 10.42 26.13 0.04 7.08 10.05

2.13 15.95 0.00 31.04 0.01 5.82 11.89

2.63 16.98 39.17 0.00 8.25 15.45

2.81 18.78 0.00 44.22 11.72 14.72

2.87 19.59 45.63 11.83 15.14

2.86 19.69 45.06 11.64 15.62

-1.44 5.54 1.49 6.38 -2.48 2.21

1.56 1.11 1.98 3.71 1.45

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

7.00 10.44 10.44 -

8.92 0.04 16.65 0.18 13.14 3.33

13.31 0.01 21.46 0.47 16.16 4.83

15.46 0.01 28.56 0.38 22.35 5.84

0.01 e 17.64 0.13 32.71 0.50 27.44 4.77

0.01 e 18.52 0.13 31.64 0.41 26.78 4.45

0.01 e 17.73 0.06 28.86 0.31 25.19 3.36

3.86 4.33 2.61 -

1.52 12.44 1.57 -2.07 2.36 -1.89

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.108 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

16.7 15.0 -10.9 1.0

29.3 15.4 -14.9 0.5

54.2 13.6 -30.6 -2.5

49.2 21.5 -27.5 2.1

49.1 17.6 -27.6 0.6

44.9 11.8 -24.2 1.6

49.3 11.7 -28.2 -0.2

7.2 -0.5 6.3 x

-1.0 -0.8 -1.2 x

21.8

30.3

34.7

45.2

39.7

34.0

32.7

2.8

-0.1

Statistical difference

0.5

0.1

1.7

1.2

-0.6

-2.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-14.8 e

-24.3 e

-31.8 e

-41.3 e

-34.5 e

-27.8 e

..

4.6

-0.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 -11.9 -

-21.5 -21.4 -0.0

-30.0 -30.0 -0.0

-39.7 -39.6 -0.1

-32.8 -32.8 -0.0

-26.6 -26.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

5.6 5.6 -

-0.6 -0.6 -2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.9 e -1.9 e -1.0 -

-2.8 e -2.1 e -0.7 -

-1.8 e -1.5 e -0.3 -

-1.6 e -1.4 e -0.2 -

-1.7 e -1.1 e -0.6 -

-1.3 e -1.0 e -0.3 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -1.2 -7.8 -

-1.9 -2.5 0.7 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

2.6

-3.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

7.5

6.2

4.4

5.0

4.6

3.8

..

-3.0

-0.8

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

6.7 3.7 e 0.7 0.3

5.9 4.1 e 0.0 0.3 0.3

3.9 2.3 e 0.7 0.1

4.6 2.6 e 1.0 0.1

4.1 2.0 e -

3.5 1.8 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -2.8 -0.0 -4.4

-0.6 -1.2 -

Transport(6)

0.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-11.4 6.4 -11.9

-3.0 -2.5

-

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

..

-

-2.1

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.109

CANADA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

11.51 10.30 10.29 0.01 1.41 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.44 0.05 -

13.86 12.21 12.19 0.02 1.22 0.69 0.09 0.44 0.04 0.26

18.04 15.75 15.74 0.01 1.74 1.03 0.03 0.67 0.02 0.33

16.16 13.21 13.20 0.01 - e 1.86 1.20 0.02 0.64 0.02 0.53

8.23 8.72 8.71 0.01 - e 2.30 2.30 0.55

7.53 5.93 5.93 0.01 2.30 2.30 0.45

6.50 3.58 3.57 0.01 1.82 1.82 0.33

1.56 1.42 1.42 2.12 -1.20 5.41 -8.64 0.02 -0.95 -

-3.91 -6.25 -6.25 -6.52 2.13 7.74 1.23

6.78 6.98 -

5.02 5.00 -

4.46 4.23 -

4.29 4.29 e -

4.73 4.30 e -

5.08 4.26 -

3.35 3.04 -

-2.46 -2.74 -

-2.11 -2.57 -

13.17 12.61 12.61 0.29 0.17 0.12 0.25 -

30.26 29.95 29.95 0.17 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.09

40.47 40.08 40.08 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.14

42.92 44.80 44.80 0.09 -

38.23 38.83 38.83 0.08 -

7.18 7.47 7.47 -4.25 -4.60 -3.77 -11.22 -

1.24 1.38 1.38 1.68 -

39.76 39.26 39.26 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.16

44.22 44.69 44.69 0.09 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.110 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.88 51.11 34.43

48.61 58.22 32.89

61.02 .. 48.90

20.54 87.53 104.81

30.19 162.14 170.13

31.97 190.56 206.75

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

43.98 62.70 51.91 .. 43.30

42.74 64.82 71.09 .. 50.88

.. .. 93.40 .. 65.09

.. .. 148.04 .. 69.84

.. .. 268.17 .. 211.58

.. .. 321.39 .. 168.06

.. .. 416.74 .. 273.98

.. .. 315.10 .. 134.26

.. .. 402.25 .. 124.55

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Canadian dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

37.62 79.95 50.49

49.49 93.37 49.45

62.00 .. 73.37

26.55 178.28 200.12

29.81 252.23 248.12

29.90 280.73 285.55

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

51.08 73.20 81.21 .. 63.50

50.89 77.58 114.01 .. 76.50

.. .. 149.50 .. 97.67

.. .. 301.51 .. 133.36

.. .. 417.17 .. 308.56

.. .. 473.47 .. 232.11

.. .. 610.17 .. 376.07

.. .. 493.24 .. 197.03

.. .. 568.31 .. 164.97

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

14.95 14.62 .. .. 0.33

15.40 15.15 6.21 8.94 0.25

13.64 13.32 4.22 9.10 0.32

21.50 18.15 4.15 14.00 2.76 0.59

18.13 14.25 4.11 e 10.14 e 2.94 0.93

14.99 9.41 3.21 6.20 4.88 0.71

17.62 10.65 3.18 7.47 6.22 0.75

11.76 8.07 2.13 5.94 2.97 0.73

11.72 8.54 3.02 5.53 2.48 0.70

10.91 10.56 .. .. 0.00 0.34

14.91 14.84 13.73 1.10 0.07

30.63 30.45 26.37 4.08 0.00 0.18

27.53 27.25 24.11 3.14 0.28

24.07 23.83 21.40 e 2.43 e 0.14 0.10

26.29 25.92 22.65 3.26 0.21 0.17

27.62 26.58 22.47 4.11 0.97 0.07

24.25 24.01 18.17 5.84 0.17 0.07

28.21 28.06 23.22 4.84 0.07 0.08

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.111

CANADA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

14250

14579

14169

9735

18790

10399

11026

8353

8845

5454 5454 -

6188 6188 -

4491 4491 -

4129 4129 -

4296 4296 -

3322 3322 -

3286 3286 -

2204 2204 -

3122 3122 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8796 8796 -

8391 8391 -

9678 9639 -

5606 5095 -

14494 14090 -

7077 5142 -

7740 5 6037 -

6149 200 4458 73

5723 1 3888 26

-

-

39 -

511 -

155 61 26 91 71

968 279 64 624 -

1389 226 19 64 -

1220 157 41 -

12 151 32 1613

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.112 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CANADA 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

13017

22483

26851

28564

28386

26674

26643

21544

27528

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12217 147 164 10934 668 150 154 -

20715 62 130 352 123 33 17026 2041 195 313 330 110

19908 6 224 41 379 72 159 16569 369 519 102 51 645 772

25594 261 267 58 370 104 968 15495 4280 517 459 161 337 155 257 1171 734

22752 374 312 585 792 1170 12085 3851 385 408 338 819 1093 540

23665 344 345 592 1733 1126 8430 5099 230 1047 631 226 957 1437 1468

23083 366 426 569 1381 165 1081 8609 5078 695 599 234 235 956 1122 1567

15851 242 258 117 533 464 6720 4441 142 837 832 317 948

20734 48 215 416 166 1250 1015 8692 5295 302 707 59 60 839 286 1384

800 600 200 -

1768 899 496 38 31 235

1745 1108 129 300 208

2586 1078 1264 46 50 148

2795 1471 1324 -

3009 1449 1234 74 12 140 100

3560 1446 1147 141 70 97 479 180

5693 935 794 119 3685 160

6725 1637 637 4342 109

-

69

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5198

384

2839

-

-

-

69

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

e

e

e e e

e e e e e

e e

e e e e e e

e e

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.113

CANADA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

971

4895

4149

5429

3696

3748 e

4870

6922

5744

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

971 27 309 492 83 56 4

4389 78 328 56 384 203 26 34 1516 1469 28 112 155

2826 120 479 18 64 1933 18 194

5289 13 207 164 86 255 2483 1719 315 47

3419 151 55 14 1244 1767 80 108

3746 358 6 172 2094 908 55 153

e e

4548 76 328 2000 1929 75 140

5845 45 2192 3375 141 92

4196 45 2003 1670 395 83

-

506 506 -

98 98 -

140 140 -

-

2 e 2 e -

322 73 70 179 -

1077 255 822 -

1548 55 1493 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

e

e

e

e e e

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1225

-

277

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.114 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CHILE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

50 45

200

40 35

150

30 25

100

20 15

50

10 5

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

80

60

70 60

50

50 40 40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.115

CHILE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

12.14 1.71 7.10 0.75 1.89 0.69 0.00 -

13.54 1.74 7.24 1.03 2.56 0.97 -

19.36 3.57 9.24 1.63 3.82 1.10 -

35.29 4.39 14.97 7.44 6.08 2.27 0.15 -

41.84 6.29 22.83 2.66 6.94 2.97 0.00 0.14 -

41.12 5.20 22.23 3.19 7.22 3.11 0.01 0.17 -

44.65 5.90 22.20 6.29 7.42 2.68 0.04 0.12 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.78 4.41 1.56 4.67 4.22 2.79 -

4.04 2.00 4.73 3.59 3.40 5.63 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 22 0.56 10.1 1.20 119.4 135.5 68.9 9 ..

1980 28 0.48 11.2 1.21 103.2 107.0 71.5 12 ..

1990 41 0.48 13.2 1.47 102.0 151.2 78.3 18 ..

2000 75 0.47 15.4 2.29 100.0 100.0 100.0 40 100.0

2008 105 0.40 16.8 2.50 85.1 102.9 104.5 60 134.8

2009 103 0.40 16.9 2.43 85.1 86.5 107.3 61 125.7

2010e 109 0.41 17.1 2.61 87.8 93.3 .. 62 126.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.74 5.04 -0.92 -0.95 1.57 1.33 1.19 2.68 -0.92 -0.95 0.64 -2.89 0.76 1.67 4.45 6.49 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.10 0.02 -

1.09 0.02 -

2.07 -

0.35 -

0.38 -

0.50 -

0.49 -

5.46 -

-7.18 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.13 0.03 -

1.13 0.04 -

2.18 -

0.37 -

0.67 -

0.64 -

0.62 -

5.65 -

-6.28 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.116 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CHILE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

9.32 1.01 5.49 0.06 1.87 0.90 -

10.42 0.81 5.76 0.14 2.51 1.20 -

15.59 0.90 7.84 1.29 3.66 1.90 -

28.84 0.91 13.12 4.70 5.60 4.52 -

32.46 0.71 15.91 3.28 6.05 6.52 -

32.09 0.79 16.52 2.00 6.21 6.57 -

32.00 0.42 16.71 2.07 6.16 6.64 -

3.08 -0.68 2.12 20.19 4.04 4.53 -

3.86 -3.91 4.06 2.52 2.77 6.80 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

3.30 0.66 1.72 0.00 0.34 0.58 -

3.97 0.63 1.78 0.01 0.75 0.79 -

4.87 0.74 1.91 0.00 0.96 1.25 -

9.49 0.83 2.93 0.96 1.61 3.16 -

11.96 0.65 4.51 0.32 2.07 4.40 -

12.20 0.73 4.68 0.09 2.21 4.49 -

11.78 0.38 4.56 0.22 2.14 4.50 -

2.30 0.69 0.63 3.08 6.35 4.56 -

4.76 -3.54 4.67 23.23 4.31 6.98 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.62 0.18 2.42 -

2.99 0.07 2.89 -

4.35 4.32 0.01

8.09 8.06 0.01

9.40 9.32 0.03

9.76 9.69 0.02

9.85 9.77 0.03

3.03 3.47 -

4.39 4.39 6.99

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.02 3.02 0.06 1.25 0.04

0.02 3.12 0.06 0.98 0.11

0.03 4.20 0.08 1.08 0.18

0.03 6.68 0.03 1.55 0.35

0.05 7.00 0.02 1.35 0.55

0.05 6.88 0.02 1.28 0.51

0.05 7.03 0.01 1.37 0.53

0.55 1.95 2.15 -0.86 8.79

3.69 2.75 -8.75 1.26 5.67

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.53 0.14 0.15 0.02 0.01

1.76 0.22 0.21 0.02 0.02

2.32 0.53 0.68 0.01 0.18 0.03

3.99 0.76 0.89 0.03 0.23 0.08

3.98 1.09 1.48 0.03 0.35 0.17

4.00 1.07 1.62 0.02 0.49 0.16

4.02 1.09 1.65 0.02 0.47 0.19

2.48 7.96 9.17 -2.72 6.78

2.93 3.86 4.76 1.87 5.27 10.15

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.12 0.01 0.01 -

0.17 0.01 0.01 -

0.38 0.09 1.31 0.25 1.06

0.00 0.55 3.42 0.12 3.30

0.94 2.41 0.22 2.19

0.94 1.41 0.20 1.22

0.98 1.45 0.35 1.10

-2.01 30.79 18.65 -

13.62 0.53 1.80 0.18

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.117

CHILE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.4 0.3 -0.0 0.1

1.1 0.9 -0.0 -0.3

2.1 1.6 -0.1

0.3 4.2 -0.0 -0.1

0.4 5.9 -0.0 -0.0

0.5 4.8 -0.1

0.5 5.4 -

2.5 10.7 x

-7.2 5.8 x

1.7

1.7

3.6

4.4

6.3

5.2

5.9

4.4

2.0

Statistical difference

-

0.0

0.1

0.1

-0.1

0.4

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.6

-0.8

-2.6

-3.4

-5.2 e

-5.0 e

..

9.0

3.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.4 -0.4 -0.0

-0.7 -0.7 -0.0

-2.5 -1.7 -0.8

-3.1 -3.1 -0.0

-5.0 -5.0 -0.0

-4.8 -4.8 -

.. .. ..

10.8 8.4 33.5

3.5 5.6 -

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

..

5.2

-5.1

-0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.2 -0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 -0.0 -

-0.3 -0.3 -0.0 -

-0.3 e -0.2 e -0.0 -

-0.2 e -0.2 e -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.6 3.7 -8.4 -

0.1 0.5 -6.1 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

..

5.1

1.0

Losses

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption

1.0

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.4

..

-0.7

-3.9

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

0.7 0.2 e 0.3 0.0

0.4 0.2 e 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -2.8 -0.0 -0.1

-3.5 3.3 -7.3 0.7

Transport(6)

0.2

0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-0.4 -2.7 2.1

-6.3 1.9 -8.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.118 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CHILE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.99 0.42 0.41 0.01 0.03 0.38 0.13 0.00 0.25 -

3.23 2.48 1.69 0.79 0.66 0.19 0.01 0.46 0.03 -

3.88 3.13 3.12 0.01 0.72 0.24 0.04 0.45 0.01 -

3.87 3.20 3.19 0.01 0.64 0.20 0.44 0.01 -

5.03 4.51 4.50 0.01 0.47 0.28 0.00 0.20 0.01 -

7.05 5.97 5.97 0.01 0.60 0.33 0.01 0.26 0.01 -

6.23 5.85 5.85 0.19 0.05 0.01 0.13 0.00 -

10.37 15.91 12.52 42.76 4.78 3.46 7.32 5.37 -

3.52 4.62 6.74 -6.46 -7.30 0.71 -6.37 -9.56 -

0.39 0.39 -

0.49 0.49 -

0.71 0.71 -

0.70 0.70 -

0.69 0.69 -

0.68 0.68 -

0.59 0.59 -

2.06 2.06 -

0.97 0.97 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.119

CHILE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

29.69 .. .. .. ..

53.65 .. .. .. ..

56.79 .. .. .. ..

97.55 .. .. .. ..

79.87 .. .. .. ..

70.24 .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1000 Chilian pesos / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

16.015 .. .. .. ..

28.450 .. .. .. ..

29.671 .. .. .. ..

51.073 .. .. .. ..

44.644 .. .. .. ..

35.820 .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.29 0.28 .. .. 0.01

0.94 0.80 0.44 0.36 0.14

1.62 1.58 0.47 1.11 0.04

4.20 4.18 0.68 3.50 0.03

4.30 4.30 0.66 3.63 -

5.59 5.56 0.68 4.89 0.03

5.94 5.89 0.70 5.18 0.06

4.76 4.76 0.55 4.22 -

5.41 5.41 0.50 4.91 -

0.00 0.00 .. .. -

0.04 0.04

-

0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01

0.04 0.04

0.01 0.01

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.120 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CHILE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

185

372

1660

2209

4402

6733

7102

6255

7145

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

185 -

372 -

492 -

715 -

714 -

714 450 264 -

718 421 297 -

560 334 189 37 -

509 336 173 -

185

372

492

715

714

-

-

-

-

-

-

1168 -

1494 -

3688 1330 805 158

6019 965 480 233 195

6384 196 122 946 101

5695 99 40 696 141

6636 653 45 1615 -

-

-

1168

1494

62 631 121 111 470

1745 2401

4433 528 58

4144 512 63

3539 770 14

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.121

CHILE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

107.89

128.55

115.82

229.08

220.52

198.18

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

107.43 108.56 .. .. .. .. 2551.00 .. ..

127.28 130.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

114.51 118.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

197.90 280.70 .. .. 903.61 .. .. .. ..

218.94 236.39 .. .. 156.11 .. 2738.47 .. ..

192.86 208.56 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

57.96 70.59 63.95 .. .. 47.31 .. 78.19 .. .. .. ..

56.38 53.87 63.31 .. .. 42.92 .. 82.48 .. .. .. ..

69.83 75.37 70.19 .. .. 43.23 .. 84.44 .. .. .. ..

116.10 133.55 148.33 .. .. 91.35 .. .. .. .. .. ..

93.65 93.89 97.93 .. .. 55.63 .. 92.14 .. .. .. ..

84.48 81.90 122.44 .. .. 63.59 .. 94.19 .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.122 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80

120

70

100

60 80 50 40

60

30

40

20 20 10 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 70

60

60

50

50

40

40 30 30 20

20 10

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

200

90

180

80

160

70

140

60

120

50

100

40

80

30

60

20

40

10

20 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.123

CZECH REPUBLIC 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

64.51 50.83 12.37 1.46 0.13 -0.27 -

67.07 47.78 15.48 3.70 0.29 -0.19 -

70.80 44.95 12.46 7.49 1.15 4.69 0.14 -0.09 -

58.54 30.83 11.01 10.71 1.95 5.06 0.22 -1.23 -0.00

63.76 28.08 13.54 10.17 3.14 9.92 0.25 0.04 -1.41 0.03

59.99 25.09 13.03 9.61 3.39 10.16 0.30 0.05 -1.68 0.04

60.48 24.46 12.32 10.90 3.66 10.46 0.34 0.13 -1.84 0.04

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.55 -0.72 0.04 10.11 0.42 -6.60 -

-0.87 -3.02 0.24 1.32 5.83 4.16 3.96 16.99 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 41 1.57 9.9 6.50 152.3 227.9 82.6 41 ..

e e

e e e

1980 49 1.38 10.3 6.49 133.5 180.6 89.4 53 ..

e e

e e e

1990 55 1.28 10.4 6.83 124.1 149.6 100.1 62 120.0

2000 57 1.03 10.3 5.70 100.0 100.0 100.0 73 100.0

2008 79 0.81 10.4 6.11 78.0 65.3 84.2 83 157.1

2009 76 0.79 10.5 5.71 76.6 60.8 83.1 82 135.6

2010e 78 0.78 10.5 5.77 75.5 58.0 .. 85 149.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.77 1.68 -1.20 -2.51 0.26 0.07 0.29 -0.94 -1.20 -2.51 -2.45 -4.62 1.14 -0.97 2.46 1.44 0.65

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

14.81 6.57 37.25 0.17

13.89 6.40 37.35 0.14

13.78 4.98 33.12 -

7.92 5.54 22.32 -

7.33 4.59 20.64 -

5.76 4.42 19.62 -

5.88 4.69 18.94 -

-0.60 -2.28 -0.98 -

-4.49 -0.63 -2.72 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

18.55 10.60 88.84 0.60

17.40 10.32 89.09 0.50

14.38 8.03 78.98 -

8.14 6.72 50.31 -

7.51 5.15 47.54 -

5.90 5.10 45.42 -

6.02 5.41 43.85 -

-2.10 -2.28 -0.98 -

-4.58 -2.36 -2.87 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.124 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

44.78 28.93 11.07 1.16 3.62 -

49.51 28.04 13.18 1.68 4.65 1.95

48.99 19.92 11.71 6.06 1.15 5.92 4.23

36.70 6.65 10.42 8.45 1.36 6.07 3.75

38.62 4.34 13.22 8.27 2.50 0.01 7.03 3.25

38.62 4.25 13.05 8.49 2.51 0.01 7.13 3.18

36.79 4.11 12.52 7.80 2.64 0.01 6.75 2.96

0.53 -2.17 0.33 10.21 2.93 -

-1.50 -7.97 0.35 1.34 4.45 0.69 -1.86

25.18 16.34 5.88 0.66 2.31 -

26.80 16.70 6.96 0.40 2.73 -

22.73 10.29 4.13 3.45 3.31 1.54

13.03 4.75 0.93 3.72 0.20 2.33 1.11

11.85 3.09 0.67 3.41 0.74 2.97 0.99

11.41 2.97 0.59 3.20 0.74 2.99 0.91

10.54 2.99 0.61 2.74 0.76 2.68 0.76

-0.60 -2.68 -2.06 10.26 2.14 -

-3.96 -6.30 -9.60 -1.21 -1.10 -3.65

3.10 0.17 2.70 -

3.28 0.14 2.86 -

3.70 3.31 -

6.05 5.63 0.04

9.05 0.00 8.64 0.08

8.85 0.00 8.33 0.10

8.89 0.00 8.25 0.10

1.05 1.22 -

4.72 4.92 -

0.23 10.05 9.29 e 0.07 0.22

0.28 10.65 8.04 e 0.12 0.55

0.39 12.49 6.94 e 0.12 1.31

0.09 0.29 8.62 1.12 0.11 2.93

0.04 0.28 8.64 0.68 0.04 2.91

0.16 0.26 8.56 0.66 0.03 2.92

0.28 0.25 8.56 0.72 0.01 2.94

3.08 1.28 -1.70 3.64 11.22

-2.21 -1.97 -11.23 -12.69 4.34

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.48 0.89 0.39 e 0.25

0.76 1.18 2.26 0.33 e 0.13 0.63

1.15 1.18 1.78 4.32 2.09 e 0.07 1.04

1.04 1.70 1.73 4.26 0.34 0.01 1.58

1.59 0.00 1.80 1.62 4.18 0.08 0.02 1.73

1.51 0.01 1.81 1.64 4.44 0.11 0.02 1.90

1.48 0.01 1.80 1.59 4.20 0.04 0.02 1.79

5.42 9.76 10.30 8.86

1.33 2.25 -0.60 -0.15 -18.82 -7.34 2.87

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.25 1.64 1.64 -

0.41 0.77 1.78 1.78 -

0.45 0.67 2.47 2.47 -

0.04 1.42 0.88 3.05 3.05 -

0.10 0.00 1.63 0.62 3.84 0.47 3.36 -

0.08 0.00 1.71 0.62 4.18 0.48 3.56 0.14

0.08 0.00 1.68 0.60 3.56 0.34 3.13 0.08

3.56 2.45 2.45 -

7.20 -0.61 1.94 1.26 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.125

CZECH REPUBLIC 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

57.8 2.3 -12.0 -0.3

51.9 2.2 -10.4 1.2

35.8 1.5 -8.3 1.8

32.6 2.9 -7.3 -0.0

29.8 2.7 -7.7 0.3

29.5 2.0 -7.9 0.9

-0.3 15.0 6.3 x

-2.9 1.0 -1.6 x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

54.3 0.2 -3.7 -0.0

Primary supply

50.8

47.8

45.0

30.8

28.1

25.1

24.5

-0.7

-3.0

Statistical difference

1.8

2.0

-1.3

-0.6

-0.4

0.4

..

x

x

Total transformation

-22.7 e

-20.7 e

-22.6 e

-23.1

-22.8

-20.9

..

-0.0

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-11.9 e -11.9 e -

-15.5 e -15.5 e -

-20.5 e -17.4 e -3.1 e

-21.3 -18.9 -2.4

-21.1 -18.4 -2.7

-19.6 -17.3 -2.4

.. .. ..

3.3 2.3 -

-0.2 -0.0 -1.5

-0.9

-0.4

-0.2

-0.3

-0.2

..

-5.1

-2.9

-4.3 e 0.0 -2.6 e -1.8 e -

-1.8 e -0.0 -1.7 e -0.0 e -

-1.7 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 -

-1.5 -0.0 -1.4 -0.1 -

-1.1 -0.0 -1.1 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.7 -2.3 -26.5 -

-2.6 60.3 -2.4 -

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

-0.9 e (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-10.0 e 0.0 e -2.6 e -7.4 e -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.0 e

-1.0 e

-1.1 e

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

..

0.8

-4.7

Losses

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

(4)

Final consumption

28.9

28.0

19.9

6.7

4.2

4.1

..

-2.2

-8.0

Industry(5)

16.3 3.4 e 1.1 e 0.5 e 1.3 e

16.7 3.9 e 0.9 e 0.7 e 1.1 e

10.3 5.0 e 0.5 0.5 0.3

4.7 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.1

3.0 1.6 0.8 0.3 0.1

3.0 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.7 2.3 -4.6 -0.3 -7.7

-6.3 -6.5 4.4 -4.7 -5.8

0.2

0.1

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

12.4 0.4 e 9.3 e

11.2 0.3 e 8.0 e

9.6 2.1 e 6.9 e

1.9 0.3 1.1

0.8 0.1 0.7

0.8 0.0 0.7

.. .. ..

-1.5 10.3 -1.7

-12.4 -18.8 -11.2

-

0.5

0.3

..

-

-

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.126 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

9.81 - e 7.85 1.10 0.05 0.60 0.04 6.05 1.95 -

10.12 4.94 3.75 1.19 - e 0.03 3.05 0.85 e 0.04 0.47 0.03 1.66 e 1.89 -

5.75 3.90 3.79 0.11 1.46 0.79 0.15 0.25 0.01 0.26 0.75 -

4.89 3.27 3.23 0.04 1.31 0.83 0.20 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.21 -

5.66 4.35 3.86 0.49 1.24 0.76 0.18 0.25 0.02 0.04 0.12 -

5.13 3.54 2.96 0.58 1.14 0.67 0.17 0.26 0.01 0.03 0.07 -

3.83 3.54 3.16 0.38 0.96 0.59 0.16 0.16 0.02 0.02 0.08 -

0.26 -7.58 -2.11 -2.32 -2.01 -2.51 -10.23 -0.26 -

-4.99 -1.74 -0.90 -5.80 -5.93 -1.91 7.60 -5.44 -2.02 -20.16 -15.57 -

12.57 12.57 e -

9.94 8.54 e 1.40 1.40 e - e -

4.97 4.56 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

4.33 4.34 -

4.10 4.11 -

4.30 4.30 -

2.93 2.95 -

-1.93 -3.17 -

-6.22 -5.43 -

50.37 41.15 37.36 3.79 0.44 1.35 4.94 0.21 2.41 0.20 0.23 1.90 1.49 -

47.62 40.95 37.13 3.82 0.54 1.49 3.32 0.09 2.60 0.03 0.21 0.40 1.25 -

48.58 42.62 39.86 2.75 0.48 1.49 2.11 0.07 1.50 0.05 0.23 0.27 1.22 -

45.38 40.21 36.64 3.57 0.33 1.64 2.16 0.06 1.58 0.08 0.18 0.26 1.30 -

44.24 37.56 34.23 3.33 0.34 1.51 2.85 0.05 2.35 0.04 0.22 0.19 1.15 -

-1.04 1.18 0.13 -0.10 -6.97 -6.80 -3.52 -5.93 2.43 -10.39 -6.96 -1.10 -

-2.51 -0.80 -0.63 -2.25 -8.79 -2.94 -4.71 -9.58 3.62 -12.83 -6.60 -15.15 -12.69 -

81.32 37.97 37.97 1.96 6.35 16.58 0.54 2.49 0.36 2.95 10.24 17.36 -

71.77 43.71 38.58 5.13 1.94 2.67 7.12 0.35 1.20 0.48 0.79 4.31 15.20 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.127

CZECH REPUBLIC 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

10.29 52.02 ..

11.54 52.49 ..

20.49 111.20 94.07

21.88 81.86 113.74

c 212.36 ..

c 209.64 ..

c 321.95 ..

c c ..

c c ..

.. .. 52.02 .. ..

.. .. 52.49 .. ..

24.44 52.62 111.20 .. 94.07

26.96 50.73 81.86 .. 114.82

c c 212.36 243.77 312.87

c c 209.64 248.34 304.65

c c 321.95 377.42 477.65

c c c 260.90 410.69

c c c 309.60 412.57

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Czech crowns / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

0.054 1.020 ..

0.060 1.020 ..

0.134 2.718 2.171

0.308 4.307 5.650

c 6.531 ..

c 5.792 ..

c 7.487 ..

c c ..

c c ..

.. .. 1.020 .. ..

.. .. 1.020 .. ..

0.235 0.877 2.718 .. 2.171

0.558 1.820 4.307 .. 5.704

c c 6.531 7.497 9.085

c c 5.792 6.861 7.947

c c 7.487 8.777 10.488

c c c 6.768 10.059

c c c 8.044 10.121

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.21 e .. .. 0.21 e

2.33 2.11 2.11 0.01 0.21

2.25 2.09 2.09 0.15

1.48 0.90 0.22 0.68 0.00 0.59

2.88 1.89 0.90 0.99 1.00

3.29 2.23 1.05 1.17 1.06

2.91 2.03 1.09 0.93 0.02 0.86

2.70 1.75 0.85 0.90 0.05 0.89

2.01 1.45 0.62 0.83 0.01 0.54

3.65 e .. .. 3.65 e

12.01 5.41 4.87 0.54 3.95 2.65

10.38 4.69 4.22 0.47 4.03 1.66

8.26 5.93 3.42 2.51 1.29 1.03

7.78 5.93 4.16 1.77 0.73 1.12

7.81 6.31 4.58 1.73 0.61 0.88

7.33 5.64 3.98 1.66 0.83 0.86

7.69 6.39 3.90 2.48 0.64 0.66

7.93 6.57 3.71 2.86 0.42 0.94

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.128 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1) Hard Coal

274 e

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

1378 e

2282

2690 e

1094

2553

2285

1929

1611

217 217 -

1064 1024 40 -

1103 1103 -

863 1 770 61 -

634 11 621 -

-

-

-

31 -

2 -

877 869 -

1489 25 1369 1 1

1182 40 1052 -

1066 14 826 3

977 2 655 8

6 2 -

3 90 -

90 -

218 5 -

311 1 -

-

-

-

890 e 890 -

-

-

-

-

274 e 274 e -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3)

1985

-

1378 e 1378 e -

2282 2282 -

1800 e 1800 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.129

CZECH REPUBLIC 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

4504

5180 e

3427

4781

4138

3960

3766

5041 1650 50 1 850 896 1594 -

3427 1244 744 538 901 -

4633 850 463 1863 1457 -

4138 328 405 1900 1505 -

3817 996 368 1150 1303 -

3655 945 383 727 1600 -

Total Exports

5934 e

5086

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5934 600 59 69 5126 80 -

4874 652 6 4183 30 3 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

e e e

e

e

e

e e

e

e

e

e

4504 785 28 10 3681 -

e e

e

e

e

-

-

-

61 61 -

-

148 -

-

143 -

111 -

-

-

-

-

-

148

-

143

111

-

212 e

-

78

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.130 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

CZECH REPUBLIC 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

394 e

319

498

1835 e

2459

2027

1949

2558

2945

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

394 6 100 1 36 237 6 8 -

284 38 89 2 2 64 79 10 -

498 e 40 220 e 32 198 e 6 2 -

1000 458 1 59 304 178 -

2442 331 1033 43 102 931 2 -

2025 970 278 96 271 409 1 -

1949 944 300 100 200 405 -

2534 1090 311 90 695 336 1 11 -

2944 1000 30 103 1427 314 1 69 -

-

17 -

2 -

-

24 -

1 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

e

e

e e

e

e

e e

e

e

e e

e

e

e

e

-

-

-

-

-

-

17

2

-

24

1

-

35 e

-

835

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.131

DENMARK* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

700

30

600

25

500

20

400

15

300 200

10

100

5

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 60

Other transformation

2009

80 70

50

60 40

50 40

30

30

20

20 10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.132 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

27.13 2.76 23.89 0.00 0.51 0.00 -0.03 -

27.34 8.39 18.17 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -

24.80 8.70 10.93 2.60 1.63 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.87 0.00

26.62 5.69 11.45 6.35 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.08 0.00

27.45 5.73 10.53 5.82 4.29 0.00 0.02 0.87 0.18 0.01

26.58 5.73 10.06 5.58 4.31 0.00 0.02 0.85 0.04 0.01

28.12 5.49 10.69 6.26 4.82 0.00 0.01 0.98 -0.14 0.01

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 -0.53 6.99 -4.50 65.00 7.11 0.91 -

0.36 -2.18 -0.44 4.11 5.26 -2.02 8.88 13.34 -14.83 1.30

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 90 0.30 5.0 5.40 181.4 86.2 88.3 19 ..

1980 101 0.27 5.1 5.33 163.0 233.9 105.7 27 56.7

1990 124 0.20 5.1 4.83 120.4 197.4 112.9 26 74.7

2000 160 0.17 5.3 4.99 100.0 100.0 100.0 36 100.0

2008 177 0.16 5.5 5.00 93.3 91.1 92.7 37 104.7

2009 168 0.16 5.5 4.81 95.3 96.0 92.9 36 88.9

2010e 171 0.16 5.5 5.08 98.8 90.1 .. 39 90.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.90 1.61 -2.38 -1.22 0.14 0.38 -0.66 -0.01 -2.38 -1.22 5.00 -3.72 1.46 -1.02 1.82 1.79 0.92

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.133

DENMARK 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

21.87 0.65 19.02 0.23 1.98 -

21.05 0.83 16.17 0.55 0.00 2.66 0.84

18.82 0.62 9.79 1.60 0.81 0.00 3.48 2.51

20.32 0.44 9.38 2.36 0.93 0.01 3.99 3.22

21.62 0.39 9.74 2.33 1.69 0.01 4.11 3.35

21.25 0.33 9.40 2.31 1.68 0.02 4.09 3.44

20.32 0.20 8.88 2.21 1.61 0.02 3.88 3.52

-0.88 -0.28 -3.83 7.65 3.39 -

0.40 -5.81 -0.51 1.71 3.72 9.01 0.57 1.80

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.79 0.33 3.81 0.08 0.57 -

4.51 0.56 3.02 0.11 0.71 0.11

3.85 0.46 1.31 0.76 0.16 1.04 0.11

4.19 0.38 1.08 1.11 0.16 1.23 0.23

4.04 0.31 1.07 1.02 0.21 1.23 0.19

3.85 0.26 0.93 1.03 0.25 1.19 0.20

3.33 0.14 0.79 0.94 0.21 1.05 0.20

-1.27 2.11 -6.07 4.01 3.64 -

-0.76 -6.06 -2.65 1.09 1.46 0.04 3.49

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.86 0.00 3.85 -

4.32 4.31 -

4.93 4.90 -

5.76 5.71 -

6.73 6.68 -

6.63 6.58 -

6.29 6.23 -

1.44 1.43 -

1.30 1.27 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.01 9.90 0.31 8.66 -

0.02 7.97 0.25 5.96 -

0.03 5.72 0.07 1.81 0.55

0.04 5.94 0.02 1.11 0.92

0.01 0.04 6.35 0.01 0.74 0.89

0.01 0.05 6.31 0.01 0.69 0.89

0.01 0.05 6.29 0.01 0.66 0.90

3.87 -3.18 -8.52 -8.79 -

3.54 0.50 -7.90 -5.20 2.65

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.12 0.81 0.46 0.01 -

0.35 0.00 0.91 0.49 1.75 0.01 0.72 -

0.48 0.00 1.19 1.62 2.46 0.01 0.46 0.20

0.61 0.01 1.25 2.03 2.61 0.00 0.19 0.23

1.31 0.01 1.27 2.12 2.84 0.00 0.11 0.33

1.28 0.01 1.26 2.17 2.85 0.00 0.11 0.31

1.24 0.01 1.24 2.22 2.81 0.00 0.11 0.30

8.64 2.27 10.38 -3.42 -

5.13 9.02 0.23 1.68 0.71 -8.45 -7.41 2.09

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.02 0.43 1.02 1.02 -

0.02 0.75 0.24 0.59 0.59 -

0.04 0.00 1.03 0.72 0.43 0.43 -

0.09 0.00 1.22 0.90 0.42 0.42 -

0.08 0.00 1.34 0.98 0.44 0.44 -

0.07 0.00 1.35 1.00 0.37 0.37 -

0.06 0.00 1.32 1.03 0.36 0.36 -

5.04 5.28 -4.88 -4.88 -

1.94 8.92 1.32 1.89 -1.05 -1.05 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.134 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

2.7 -0.1 0.1

8.7 -0.1 -0.3

8.9 -0.0 -0.2

5.5 -0.1 0.3

6.3 -0.1 -0.5

5.7 -0.1 0.1

3.9 -0.1 1.7

7.2 -1.0 x

-2.4 0.6 x

Primary supply

2.8

8.4

8.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.5

7.0

-2.2

Statistical difference

0.0

0.2

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1

-7.8

-8.1

-5.2

-5.5

-5.6

..

8.2

-1.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.3 -2.3 -

-8.0 -7.9 -0.1

-8.1 -8.1 -0.1

-5.2 -5.2 -0.0

-5.5 -5.5 -0.0

-5.6 -5.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

7.8 7.7 -

-2.0 -1.9 -12.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-6.4

-5.9

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Final consumption

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.2

..

-0.3

-5.8

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.3 0.2 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

2.1 -14.6 15.1 2.4 15.2

-6.1 -3.3 -27.9

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-4.2 -3.4 -8.5

-5.1 -8.4 -7.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.135

DENMARK 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

5.65 4.99 4.93 0.06 0.09 0.69 0.55 0.06 0.09 0.01 -

9.99 9.40 9.34 0.06 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.22 0.03 -

6.64 6.19 6.18 0.02 0.38 0.02 0.23 0.13 0.00 -

6.29 5.91 5.90 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.21 0.07 -

7.90 7.55 7.54 0.00 0.30 0.23 0.07 -

6.84 6.68 6.68 0.00 0.25 0.18 0.06 -

6.78 6.64 6.63 0.01 0.13 0.10 0.03 -

4.86 5.43 5.47 0.41 -3.18 -8.07 -1.35 7.85 5.95 -

-2.02 -1.82 -1.79 -12.41 -6.67 -3.76 -9.76 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.136 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

55.86 118.19 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

76.39 x 69.50 .. 258.29

95.46 x 145.83 .. 538.28

119.94 x .. 108.11 c

.. x .. 162.96 c

.. x .. 315.42 c

.. x .. 353.68 c

.. x .. 453.28 c

.. x .. 360.54 585.00

.. x .. 477.71 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Danish crowns / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. c

262 918 c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

421 x 528 .. 1830

538 x 1133 .. 3900

742 x .. 922 c

.. x .. 1817 c

.. x .. 2584 c

.. x .. 2654 c

.. x .. 3186 c

.. x .. 2664 4031

.. x .. 3702 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

2.73 2.58 .. .. 0.14

8.70 8.54 0.01 8.54 0.16

8.93 8.88 8.88 0.05

5.51 5.46 5.46 0.05

7.42 7.38 7.38 0.04

6.83 6.79 6.79 0.03

6.35 6.31 6.31 0.04

5.67 5.65 5.65 0.02

3.86 3.84 3.84 0.02

0.06 .. .. 0.06

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.06

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.16 0.16 0.16 -

0.13 0.13 0.13 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.137

DENMARK 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

6110

12457

10255

13009

6416

8122

7569

6713

4570

-

6 4 2 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6110 177 307 6 941 3078 145 2 8

12451 2484 328 38 14 2056 1311 2271 30

10255 1127 646 39 52 972 592 3223 8

13009 917 3 1 3476 30 2423 26

6416 143 2311 3 177

8122 144 6 357 3 6 400

7569 10 159 11 344 409

6713 3 100 516 158

4570 375 182

57 2057 1482

1116 382 3493 1078 59 2 3

812 1672 1295 3 -

2475 288 2099 2252 92 -

1680 2243 2604 109 -

2019 1075 2710 131 -

1328 735 1381 569

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

868 528 50

29 332 3496 62 e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.138 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

DENMARK 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

-

57

54

25

123

190

156

64

71

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

-

57 54 3 -

54 9 14 31 -

25 10 7 8 -

123 76 34 13 -

190 102 7 81 -

156 129 27 -

64 32 32 -

71 70 1 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.139

DENMARK 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

93.62

535.51

390.83

625.03

..

154.99

434.34

..

..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 390.83 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

46.02 43.67 50.24 72.83 45.29 46.31 43.94 47.11 .. 41.65 .. ..

38.53 35.66 39.52 .. 36.22 42.57 .. 36.57 39.01 40.89 .. ..

31.67 25.20 .. .. 31.78 36.07 .. 30.52 31.93 32.65 .. ..

61.84 56.06 .. .. 52.10 62.81 .. 62.06 67.27 59.88 .. ..

59.15 .. .. .. 51.93 65.96 .. 59.23 59.65 60.51 .. ..

75.20 67.34 .. .. 89.54 .. .. 78.38 70.30 73.66 .. ..

113.34 .. .. .. 153.20 138.51 .. .. 136.65 109.46 .. ..

88.22 75.00 .. .. 96.54 74.51 .. 97.37 76.04 90.53 .. ..

86.27 .. .. .. 83.70 .. .. 84.83 82.40 92.94 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.140 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ESTONIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1990 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 16

140

14

120

12

100

10

80

8

60

6 40 4 20

2

0

0 1990

1995 Coal

2000

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1990

2010e 2010e

2005

1995

2000

2005

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e 2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 10

10

9

9

8

8

7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1990

1995

2000

2005

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e 2010e

1990

1995

Electricity and heat

2000 Other transformation

2005 Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 20

40

18

35

16 30 14 12

25

10

20

8

15

6

10

4 5

2

0

0 1990 Coal

1995 Oil

2000

Natural Gas

2005 Hydro

Nuclear

2010e 2010e Other

1990

1995 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2000 Oil

Natural Gas

2005 Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.141

ESTONIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.16 8.77 4.24 1.75 0.27 -0.86 -

6.74 4.25 0.93 0.95 0.73 0.00 -0.11 -

7.77 4.92 0.94 1.10 0.90 0.00 0.02 -0.12 -

6.78 4.28 0.72 0.75 1.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 -

7.82 5.61 0.69 0.80 1.09 0.00 0.03 -0.40 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 -

-3.80 -3.70 -8.94 -4.35 7.14 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1980 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1990 6 2.42 1.6 8.92 204.2 200.6 136.5 17 ..

2000 6 1.19 1.4 4.91 100.0 100.0 100.0 9 100.0

2008 9 0.83 1.3 5.80 70.2 70.5 85.4 11 178.2

2009 8 0.84 1.3 5.06 71.2 71.3 94.1 9 135.3

2010e 8 0.94 1.3 5.84 79.5 90.5 .. 13 163.6

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.69 -5.40 -0.89 -2.94 -5.40 -5.30 -1.94 -3.53 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

6.91 0.56

3.70 0.12

4.88 0.08

4.59 0.12

5.51 0.13

-

-2.13 -7.93

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

22.49 1.73

11.73 0.35

16.12 0.21

14.94 0.33

17.93 0.36

-

-2.13 -8.39

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.142 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ESTONIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.58 1.01 2.83 0.63 0.27 0.86 2.98

3.69 0.21 1.13 0.39 0.61 0.61 0.73

4.56 0.26 1.47 0.55 0.70 0.83 0.74

4.55 0.27 1.43 0.50 0.76 0.86 0.73

3.97 0.16 1.27 0.28 0.74 0.82 0.71

-

-3.97 -9.15 -4.14 -4.13 5.47 -0.28 -7.30

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.63 0.53 1.00 0.27 0.01 0.36 1.46

0.82 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.11 0.22 0.06

1.10 0.23 0.12 0.25 0.12 0.29 0.08

1.08 0.25 0.09 0.20 0.17 0.29 0.08

0.77 0.13 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.24 0.06

-

-7.84 -7.16 -12.57 -3.43 14.74 -2.19 -15.35

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1.15 0.01 1.13 -

0.80 0.79 -

1.16 1.15 -

1.13 1.12 -

1.02 1.01 -

-

-0.67 -0.58 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0.02 1.44 0.25 0.08 0.08

0.01 1.32 0.04 0.03 0.06

0.01 1.37 0.02 0.01 0.07

0.01 1.36 0.02 0.01 0.07

0.01 1.39 0.01 0.01 0.07

-

-4.97 -0.19 -15.53 -9.68 -0.61

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.17 0.11 0.73 0.48 0.07 0.06 0.01

0.47 0.18 0.54 0.41 0.01 0.08 0.02

0.54 0.22 0.52 0.57 0.01 0.04 0.06

0.55 0.23 0.48 0.62 0.00 0.05 0.05

0.59 0.23 0.47 0.60 0.00 0.05 0.04

-

6.62 3.79 -2.26 1.15 -14.39 -1.27 6.62

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 0.03 0.23 0.37 0.11 0.26

0.01 0.17 0.13 0.26 0.05 0.07 0.14

0.03 0.29 0.14 0.22 0.00 0.06 0.16

0.03 0.31 0.17 0.23 0.00 0.06 0.17

0.02 0.32 0.17 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.02

-

-6.59 14.09 -1.66 -8.69 -7.15 -13.00

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.143

ESTONIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

7.5 1.0 -0.1 0.3

3.8 0.5 -0.1 0.0

5.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

4.7 0.0 -0.0 -0.4

5.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.0

x

-2.4 -16.5 -2.1 x

Primary supply

..

..

8.8

4.2

4.9

4.3

5.6

-

-3.7

Statistical difference

..

..

-0.4

-0.1

0.3

0.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-7.2

-3.9

-4.9

-4.6

..

-

-2.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-6.8 -6.8 -

-3.2 -3.2 -0.0

-4.0 -3.9 -0.0

-3.4 -3.3 -0.0

.. .. ..

-

-3.6 -3.7 -

..

..

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.1

..

-

3.1

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-10.5 -17.7 -5.7 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-0.3

-0.5

-0.8

-1.0

..

-

7.5

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

-

-9.0

Losses

..

..

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Final consumption

..

..

1.0

0.2

0.3

0.2

..

-

-9.2

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.5 0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-7.2 25.5 -

Transport(6)

..

..

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

0.5 0.1 0.3

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-

-16.9 -14.4 -15.5

Non-energy use

..

..

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.144 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ESTONIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.38 0.17 0.17 0.09 0.00 0.08 -

0.09 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.04 -

0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 -

0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.02 -

0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.11 0.01 -

0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.01 -

-

-7.49 -20.87 -23.71 -0.72 -20.80 -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

25.95 22.57 22.57 0.19 0.65 1.39 1.39 -

13.23 10.84 10.82 0.02 0.09 0.61 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.15

14.80 11.63 11.62 0.01 0.15 0.83 0.27 0.27 0.08

16.81 13.50 13.47 0.03 0.17 1.01 0.29 0.29 0.01

15.70 12.10 12.07 0.03 0.15 1.10 0.29 0.29 0.01

13.77 9.85 9.82 0.03 0.07 0.90 0.16 0.16 0.05

-

-3.28 -4.27 -4.28 -4.91 1.74 -10.78 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.145

ESTONIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 349.94

.. .. .. .. 305.01

.. .. .. .. 329.68

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 307.52

.. .. .. .. 282.16

.. .. .. .. 319.86

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.04 0.32 0.32 0.70 0.01

0.47 0.09 0.09 0.37 0.00

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.16 0.16 0.16 -

0.12 0.11 0.11 0.01 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.06 0.03 0.04

0.08 0.00 0.02 0.05

0.09 0.00 0.01 0.08

0.12 0.00 0.02 0.09

0.09 0.01 0.08

0.04 0.01 0.04

0.09 0.03 0.06

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.146 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ESTONIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

-

-

373

87

101

176

123

30

71

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

373 -

87 -

101 3 -

176 -

123 1 -

30 -

71 -

-

-

373 -

87 -

98 -

176 -

16 106 -

30 -

71 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.147

ESTONIA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

909.41

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 909.41

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

53.85 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53.85 .. ..

72.73 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 72.59 .. ..

115.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 109.74 .. ..

93.40 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 91.69 .. ..

78.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.60 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.148 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 400

60

350 50 300 40

250

30

200 150

20 100 10

50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 100

80

90

70

80 60 70 60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20 10

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.149

FINLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

30.05 3.65 18.94 5.63 1.29 0.53 -

35.14 7.07 18.00 1.10 4.96 2.61 1.26 0.15 -

40.54 7.60 13.52 3.12 6.52 7.15 1.33 0.00 1.31 -

46.07 7.28 12.73 4.89 9.54 8.37 1.80 0.01 1.46 0.00

50.41 7.55 13.94 5.50 10.99 8.55 2.10 0.03 1.57 0.17

47.39 7.46 13.15 4.98 9.89 8.76 1.56 0.04 1.48 0.08

50.87 9.61 13.05 5.47 11.27 8.48 1.58 0.04 1.29 0.08

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.78 4.41 -1.97 0.86 0.19 5.45 -

0.82 -0.10 -0.14 2.49 2.22 1.07 0.82 24.64 0.67 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 60 0.50 4.7 6.44 132.7 102.0 72.5 26 38.2

1980 73 0.48 4.8 7.35 126.4 160.9 81.5 41 48.8

1990 99 0.41 5.0 8.13 107.9 127.9 95.6 54 64.6

2000 122 0.38 5.2 8.90 100.0 100.0 100.0 70 100.0

2008 154 0.33 5.3 9.49 86.6 82.1 86.5 77 126.6

2009 141 0.34 5.3 8.88 88.7 88.4 88.0 72 103.7

2010e 146 0.35 5.4 9.49 92.3 110.4 .. 80 110.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.03 1.87 -1.21 -1.03 0.39 0.36 1.38 0.46 -1.21 -1.03 1.34 -1.93 1.64 -0.44 4.41 1.49 3.14 2.53

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.63

1.04

2.59

1.72

1.50

3.12

2.73

12.47

0.99

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.21

3.63

7.15

4.86

4.30

8.97

7.84

10.28

1.19

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.150 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

27.41 1.52 16.08 5.63 3.31 0.86

27.63 1.59 14.29 0.62 4.93 4.57 1.64

31.77 2.23 13.13 1.40 5.03 0.00 7.24 2.74

34.25 1.64 10.87 1.43 7.06 0.00 9.29 3.97

38.66 1.38 12.22 1.62 6.70 0.00 10.61 6.13

37.41 1.10 11.86 1.56 6.74 0.00 10.15 5.99

34.83 0.83 11.21 1.36 6.12 0.00 9.47 5.82

0.87 2.28 -1.19 -0.66 4.71 7.02

0.48 -5.06 -0.83 -0.16 1.04 4.21 1.42 4.06

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.31 1.35 5.63 2.22 0.11

8.55 1.44 3.57 0.57 2.80 0.17

12.89 2.20 1.63 1.31 3.50 4.00 0.25

16.00 1.60 1.32 1.27 5.51 5.26 1.04

17.72 1.34 1.88 1.20 4.78 5.78 2.74

16.83 1.06 1.92 1.07 4.76 5.32 2.70

13.79 0.78 1.62 0.84 3.89 4.45 2.19

1.93 2.93 -7.04 3.52 4.83

0.36 -5.30 -0.01 -2.29 0.55 0.57 12.13

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.45 0.02 3.42 -

4.00 3.97 -

5.64 5.59 -

5.82 5.73 0.02

6.54 6.42 0.02

6.33 6.11 0.02

6.13 5.83 0.02

2.94 2.93 -

0.43 0.22 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.01 6.13 0.16 4.80 -

0.03 6.39 0.15 4.23 0.05

0.05 7.62 0.03 2.91 0.04

0.07 6.48 0.02 1.05 0.03

0.00 0.09 7.41 0.02 0.94 0.05

0.11 0.09 7.20 0.02 0.88 0.05

0.19 0.09 7.67 0.02 0.93 0.06

12.32 1.29 -8.59 -2.91 -

2.78 0.04 -2.59 -5.85 2.32

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.62 0.55 0.43 -

0.99 0.96 0.68 -

1.30 0.00 1.79 1.54 1.28 -

1.34 0.00 2.23 1.82 2.22 0.00 0.47 0.04

1.64 0.00 2.64 2.12 2.55 0.00 0.43 0.04

1.61 0.00 2.60 2.04 2.52 0.00 0.35 0.04

1.74 0.00 2.71 2.21 2.65 0.00 0.38 0.03

6.48 6.28 6.58 -

1.55 4.21 2.19 1.93 3.91 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.43 1.51 1.51 -

0.68 1.76 1.76 -

1.28 2.08 2.05 0.03

0.08 1.63 1.43 1.38 0.05

0.09 1.99 2.02 1.72 0.29

0.10 2.03 2.08 1.71 0.37

0.11 2.12 1.97 1.58 0.38

6.58 1.90 1.80 -

2.69 -0.29 -1.34 13.67

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.151

FINLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

0.1 3.5 -0.0 0.1

1.0 5.4 -0.0 0.6

2.6 6.3 -0.0 -1.3

1.7 5.1 -0.0 0.5

1.5 5.6 -0.0 0.4

3.1 5.4 -0.0 -1.1

2.7 5.7 -0.0 1.2

22.6 3.5 -17.1 x

1.0 -0.7 16.7 x

3.6

7.1

7.6

7.3

7.6

7.5

9.6

4.4

-0.1

-0.0

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

0.2

0.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-5.3 e

-5.3 e

-5.6 e

-6.3 e

-6.7 e

..

5.5

1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.7 -1.7 -

-4.9 -4.5 -0.5

-4.7 -4.4 -0.3

-4.9 -4.5 -0.4

-5.7 -5.3 -0.4

-6.1 -5.8 -0.3

.. .. ..

6.1 5.7 -

1.4 1.5 -0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

1.1

-

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.4 e -0.4 e -

-0.5 e -0.5 e -0.0 -

-0.6 e -0.5 e -0.1 -

-0.7 e -0.5 e -0.2 -

-0.5 e -0.4 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 2.0 -

-0.2 -1.5 12.4 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

..

x

x

Final consumption

1.5

1.6

2.2

1.6

1.1

0.8

..

2.3

-5.1

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.4 e 0.0 0.0

1.4 0.5 e 0.0 0.5 0.3

2.2 0.8 e 0.1 0.7 0.5

1.6 0.8 e 0.1 0.2 0.4

1.1 0.5 e 0.0 0.2 0.3

0.8 0.4 e 0.0 0.1 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 4.3 17.2 20.2

-5.3 -3.7 -22.5 -9.9 -3.4

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-8.6 -8.6

2.1 -2.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.152 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

5.31 4.57 4.52 0.05 0.67 0.09 0.01 0.41 0.15 0.08 -

4.94 3.88 3.77 0.11 1.04 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.09 0.02 0.01 -

3.91 3.50 3.46 0.05 0.34 0.07 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.00 -

3.20 2.91 2.90 0.02 0.28 0.09 0.17 0.02 0.00 -

5.66 5.47 5.46 0.01 0.18 0.16 0.02 -

3.91 3.66 3.65 0.01 0.20 0.18 0.02 0.00 -

4.50 4.46 4.45 0.01 0.11 0.10 0.01 -

-0.60 -1.34 -1.49 7.24 3.82 -0.61 16.10 5.22 -14.26 -16.20 -

-0.49 0.73 0.87 -11.90 -11.08 -10.18 -9.89 -

-

0.71 0.71 -

1.28 1.28 -

1.40 1.28 -

1.42 1.24 -

1.08 1.24 -

0.95 1.07 -

-

1.53 2.17 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.153

FINLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

51.74 71.34 78.45

77.80 148.30 158.02

72.35 130.84 96.13

44.40 133.67 88.04

85.36 267.72 173.47

96.21 300.68 187.08

164.25 420.74 264.51

111.56 307.65 235.04

116.89 390.31 249.85

51.74 .. 71.34 .. 78.45

77.80 .. 148.30 .. 158.02

72.35 .. 130.84 .. 96.13

89.47 99.78 .. 172.12 101.68

149.81 203.29 .. 322.25 192.94

166.59 225.89 .. 360.21 208.33

249.09 382.62 .. 492.16 289.53

192.19 287.47 .. 375.52 258.81

193.76 288.81 .. 454.89 272.51

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.11 67.61 69.70

42.38 127.32 127.18

40.48 115.38 79.47

41.92 198.90 122.82

59.20 292.63 177.76

61.12 301.03 175.58

97.76 394.68 232.62

69.88 303.70 217.51

76.80 404.13 242.53

31.11 .. 67.61 .. 69.70

42.38 .. 127.32 .. 127.18

40.48 .. 115.38 .. 79.47

84.47 108.23 .. 256.12 141.85

103.90 161.98 .. 352.23 197.71

105.82 164.85 .. 360.63 195.53

148.26 261.63 .. 461.68 254.62

120.38 206.86 .. 370.70 239.52

127.30 217.99 .. 471.00 264.53

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

3.50 2.68 .. .. 0.82

5.41 4.20 4.20 1.21

6.27 5.49 0.64 4.85 0.77

5.08 4.58 1.26 3.32 0.50

6.48 5.95 1.07 4.88 0.00 0.52

6.52 5.93 1.42 4.52 0.02 0.57

5.63 5.03 1.08 3.95 0.07 0.53

5.43 5.15 0.96 4.19 0.04 0.25

5.67 5.18 1.33 3.86 0.03 0.46

0.02 .. .. 0.02

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.02 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.02 0.02 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.00

0.02 0.02 0.00

0.02 0.01 0.00

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.154 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FINLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

4789

5089

6101

5821

5072

6670

5672

5949

5920

-

-

711 203 45 -

1651 602 695 49

1258 100 2 705 360 -

1418 559 529 315 -

1077 292 393 392 -

959 223 293 372 -

1327 406 416 437 1

-

-

463 -

305 -

91 -

2 13 -

-

71 -

3 64 -

4789 4089 3 -

5089 404 56 2407 1 1018 4

5390 2609 253 41 -

4170 51 1899 88 460 -

3814 1313 51

5252 270 7 39 24

4595 88 141 47

4990 189 3 71 7

4593 7 6 211 166 14

697 -

347 852 -

100 334 1905 148 -

203 24 1240 176 29 -

2448 2 -

88 4811 13 -

68 194 254 3770 33 -

74 13 4611 19 3 -

413 3680 55 41 -

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.155

FINLAND 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

60.49

53.94

131.60

138.48

152.40

326.47

192.34

221.52

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 60.94 60.37 .. .. .. 59.06

.. 58.26 .. 52.76 55.42 .. .. .. 51.74

148.54 153.33 .. 147.80 121.25 .. .. .. 57.46

139.46 149.22 .. .. 125.76 .. .. .. 124.04

150.14 164.99 .. .. 135.83 .. .. .. 129.54

392.82 350.70 .. .. 258.32 .. .. .. ..

166.94 216.54 .. .. 200.58 .. .. .. 129.25

221.06 225.40 .. .. 220.62 490.92 192.27 .. ..

44.30 46.59 .. .. 44.28 53.46 .. 52.73 .. 40.34 .. ..

32.08 .. .. .. 34.83 .. .. .. .. 30.46 .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

49.71 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

62.80 .. .. .. 68.11 .. .. .. .. 61.59 .. ..

67.65 .. .. .. 73.39 78.95 .. 82.30 76.78 62.84 .. ..

72.64 .. .. .. 79.86 72.38 .. 77.53 .. 71.89 .. ..

134.21 .. .. .. 164.75 136.19 .. .. 195.76 124.32 .. ..

86.94 .. .. .. 79.19 69.73 .. 82.32 .. 87.26 .. ..

92.84 .. .. .. 80.73 114.19 .. 91.88 .. 91.84 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.156 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

450 400

100

350 80

300 250

60

200 150

40

100

20

50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

600

600

500

500

Other transformation

2009

400

400 300 300 200

200

100

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.157

FRANCE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

257.34 41.86 171.15 19.28 13.98 5.49 5.86 0.00 0.07 -0.35 -

273.96 46.99 151.88 30.91 12.35 22.80 8.54 0.02 0.07 0.40 -

319.84 28.87 119.88 37.18 15.69 116.93 6.61 0.16 0.10 -5.58 -

359.81 21.49 117.19 51.08 15.49 154.56 8.25 0.18 0.10 -8.54 -

381.71 18.48 118.86 56.96 20.87 163.60 7.84 0.17 0.83 -5.90 -

366.02 16.03 115.71 54.93 21.70 152.54 7.02 0.16 1.13 -3.19 -

377.47 17.20 111.52 61.17 22.39 159.56 7.71 0.13 1.41 -3.62 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.29 -2.16 -2.07 3.94 0.68 19.71 0.71 28.87 2.11 17.60 -

0.71 -3.05 -0.19 2.08 1.72 1.41 0.32 0.01 13.71 -2.91 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 703 0.37 53.3 4.83 135.0 367.7 72.9 183 69.2

1980 861 0.32 55.1 4.97 117.4 337.2 83.8 257 76.1

1990 1092 0.29 58.2 5.50 108.1 163.4 95.5 417 89.0

2000 1328 0.27 60.7 5.93 100.0 100.0 100.0 536 100.0

2008 1513 0.25 64.1 5.95 93.1 75.5 98.7 570 100.1

2009 1473 0.25 64.5 5.68 91.7 67.3 99.2 537 87.6

2010e 1496 0.25 64.7 5.84 93.1 71.0 .. 568 92.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.62 1.59 -1.30 -0.86 0.52 0.54 0.77 0.17 -1.30 -0.86 -4.66 -4.56 1.60 0.20 4.98 1.34 1.49 -0.08

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

4.80 14.14 1.17 -

4.23 13.78 1.10 -

1.80 8.55 1.43 -

3.37 0.17 -

0.25 -

0.13 -

0.23 -

-7.86 -4.11 1.68 -

-19.76 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

4.66 16.50 2.73 -

4.11 16.08 2.56 -

1.82 9.38 2.33 -

3.80 0.30 -

0.28 -

0.15 -

0.26 -

-7.54 -4.60 -1.30 -

-19.65 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.158 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

203.17 19.95 137.19 14.68 12.73 0.00 18.26 0.37

201.84 12.30 124.80 27.52 11.16 0.02 0.01 25.69 0.34

204.28 11.11 107.20 34.17 13.80 0.16 0.03 37.13 0.68

232.82 6.33 115.63 45.91 12.84 0.18 0.02 47.29 4.62

236.36 6.11 111.46 45.71 14.98 0.16 0.05 52.34 5.55

236.96 5.75 108.03 47.21 17.14 0.17 0.06 53.17 5.44

228.94 4.67 104.00 44.69 17.87 0.16 0.07 52.02 5.46

0.03 -3.38 -1.44 5.10 0.47 28.87 4.26 3.69

0.60 -4.46 -0.16 1.42 1.37 0.01 5.29 1.79 11.56

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

59.55 10.40 31.22 5.93 1.67 10.32 -

58.87 7.71 27.53 10.30 1.61 11.72 -

47.08 8.37 9.36 13.12 2.14 14.09 -

49.39 5.20 7.78 17.64 2.23 16.54 -

47.04 5.38 9.63 12.77 2.97 16.29 -

48.27 5.05 9.33 13.37 3.26 17.26 -

39.43 4.04 8.37 9.44 3.35 14.23 -

-1.37 -1.27 -6.84 4.78 1.44 1.85 -

-0.93 -3.77 -0.59 -1.72 2.40 0.05 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

35.29 0.09 34.39 0.02

43.30 0.03 42.42 0.01

54.94 53.85 0.00

65.03 63.12 0.00

65.13 61.44 0.09

63.63 58.63 0.12

63.43 58.21 0.17

2.64 2.67 -23.40

0.76 0.41 42.03

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.79 30.57 9.17 2.61 4.17

0.85 32.28 4.56 2.99 7.74

1.09 51.06 2.37 e 15.65 9.41

0.48 1.44 58.20 0.90 13.66 18.08 e

2.07 1.53 56.81 0.50 10.74 18.48

3.25 1.63 60.82 0.50 11.44 20.00

3.51 1.54 63.51 0.48 11.17 20.85

1.95 3.06 -7.64 11.12 4.91

1.84 1.16 -8.02 -1.76 4.28

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

10.92 0.00 3.71 52.32 0.28 46.32 2.42

9.41 0.01 0.01 7.56 43.15 0.00 31.67 6.12

11.54 0.15 0.03 11.91 25.82 7.28 8.72

9.54 0.17 0.02 15.81 25.91 6.15 6.45 e

9.04 0.09 0.05 17.91 29.58 5.25 7.39

9.61 0.10 0.06 19.12 28.36 6.00 6.81

9.94 0.09 0.06 20.91 29.62 5.92 7.92

0.32 28.81 7.11 -4.07 -10.31 7.84

-0.78 -2.48 4.46 3.01 0.73 -1.08 -0.50

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.30 20.86 18.72 2.14

5.36 19.16 15.99 3.17

0.07 9.75 19.09 0.37 16.00 2.72

0.53 12.78 23.18 0.22 19.65 3.32

0.85 0.05 0.01 16.03 21.88 0.16 19.12 2.60

0.96 0.06 0.01 14.53 19.66 0.14 17.22 2.30

1.01 0.05 0.01 14.71 16.98 0.09 15.22 1.66

6.58 -0.52 -0.92 1.43

15.22 2.19 -0.61 -7.14 -0.26 -2.56

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.159

FRANCE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.8 15.4 -1.9 2.5

19.1 30.1 -1.2 -1.0

11.8 19.5 -0.9 -1.5

3.5 19.3 -0.8 -0.6

0.2 21.4 -1.1 -2.1

0.1 15.4 -0.7 1.2

0.2 17.6 -0.3 -0.4

-4.5 1.4 -4.1 x

-21.1 -1.2 -1.5 x

Primary supply

41.9

47.0

28.9

21.5

18.5

16.0

17.2

-2.2

-3.0

Statistical difference

2.0

-0.0

-0.3

0.4

1.3

1.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-20.8

-31.8 e

-16.4 e

-14.8 e

-13.4 e

-11.8 e

..

-1.4

-1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-14.8 -14.8 -

-24.4 -16.9 -7.5

-12.0 -6.9 -5.1

-10.9 -9.4 -1.4

-9.6 -8.6 -1.0

-9.1 -8.2 -0.9

.. .. ..

-1.2 -4.4 -

-1.5 0.9 -9.0

1.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-7.1 -6.3 -1.3 0.4

-7.4 e -6.3 e -1.5 0.3

-4.4 e -3.8 e -0.8 0.2

-3.9 e -3.6 e -0.3 0.0

-3.8 e -3.0 e -0.8 0.0

-2.7 e -2.1 e -0.6 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.8 -2.8 -3.0 -3.9

-2.4 -3.0 -1.3 -19.0

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-2.5

-2.7

-0.9

-0.8

-0.6

-0.5

..

-6.1

-2.8

Losses

-0.6

-0.2

-0.2

-0.1

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

19.9

12.3

11.1

Industry(5)

10.4 6.3 1.2 0.5 0.2

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

7.7 4.6 e 0.8 0.6 0.1

6.3

5.8

4.7

..

-3.4

-4.5

8.4 4.8 e 1.0 e 1.0 e 0.4 e

5.2 2.8 e c 0.2 e 0.1 e

5.0 3.1 e 0.7 0.5 0.1

4.0 2.3 e 0.4 0.6 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.3 -1.6 -0.9 4.1 5.6

-3.8 -3.7 -5.2 -2.7 -11.8

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1

0.0

-

9.5 0.3 9.2

4.6 0.0 4.6

2.4 2.4 e

0.9 0.9

0.6 0.5

0.5 0.5

.. .. ..

-7.8 -7.6

-7.4 -8.0

-

-

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

..

-

-7.1

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.160 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

31.60 22.16 16.75 5.41 2.09 2.91 1.47 0.38 0.15 0.04 0.87 3.09 -

19.12 11.03 7.00 4.03 0.38 1.09 4.68 1.63 0.81 0.99 0.49 0.76 1.65 -

15.26 10.42 9.49 0.94 0.11 2.03 2.46 0.43 0.20 0.16 1.67 0.70 -

14.92 10.31 9.35 0.97 0.03 2.37 2.43 0.59 0.43 0.32 0.19 0.91 0.48 -

14.37 9.31 8.34 0.97 0.01 2.41 2.77 0.74 0.51 0.55 0.10 0.87 0.48 -

11.91 8.33 7.76 0.57 0.02 2.05 2.45 0.62 0.66 0.45 0.07 0.65 0.48 -

12.82 8.12 7.57 0.55 0.00 1.04 2.01 0.34 0.35 0.54 0.05 0.73 0.48 -

-4.10 -5.65 -7.01 -2.43 -13.19 4.04 0.88 6.50 17.02 22.74 -1.14 -5.10 -

-2.08 -1.60 0.41 -9.91 -21.34 -0.24 -4.36 -7.97 -4.29 -3.16 -11.72 -0.16 -6.29 -

12.98 12.98 -

9.67 9.52 -

6.54 6.54 -

6.22 5.85 -

6.14 5.95 -

7.22 5.99 -

3.53 4.35 -

-2.42 -2.55 -

-5.16 -4.03 -

2.62 2.34 1.17 1.17 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.07 -

2.09 1.84 0.59 1.25 0.23 0.09 0.14 0.08 -

0.36 0.27 0.27 0.05 0.05 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

-1.85 -1.97 -5.51 0.55 1.17 20.31 -2.59 0.80 -

-17.76 -7.62 -5.10 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.161

FRANCE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

56.31 .. ..

57.35 .. ..

41.98 .. ..

82.15 .. ..

94.53 .. ..

153.44 .. ..

128.44 .. ..

122.05 .. ..

61.82 51.84 66.80 .. 76.57

107.40 58.46 131.05 .. 137.04

128.20 62.62 97.93 .. 128.49

105.48 45.43 128.55 140.36 138.50

.. 127.95 257.57 267.44 320.57

.. 119.55 292.82 302.85 322.09

.. 207.93 398.94 421.73 472.33

.. 197.67 308.22 315.88 341.35

.. 209.31 .. 390.84 376.78

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

32.17 .. ..

42.23 .. ..

40.41 .. ..

58.09 .. ..

61.22 .. ..

93.11 .. ..

82.02 .. ..

81.75 .. ..

37.73 37.12 64.01 .. 67.73

61.36 39.18 117.55 .. 113.47

94.40 54.09 113.21 .. 137.11

101.53 51.29 194.27 212.12 193.21

.. 106.13 285.93 296.89 328.49

.. 90.82 297.74 307.93 302.30

.. 148.02 380.07 401.79 415.38

.. 148.08 309.01 316.70 315.90

.. 164.46 .. 411.01 365.74

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

15.42 11.67 .. .. 3.75

30.11 27.00 10.75 16.25 0.00 3.11

19.50 18.22 8.17 10.05 0.04 1.24

19.34 17.84 6.81 11.03 0.03 1.47

20.56 19.01 6.24 12.77 0.02 1.53

18.95 17.77 6.44 11.33 0.03 1.15

21.41 20.00 7.53 12.46 0.04 1.37

15.40 14.25 3.76 10.49 0.03 1.12

17.62 16.27 4.80 11.47 0.03 1.32

1.86 0.82 .. .. 0.01 1.03

1.22 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.84

0.92 0.53 0.53 0.39

0.77 0.08 0.08 0.69

0.80 0.13 0.02 0.11 0.67

0.96 0.20 0.05 0.15 0.76

1.12 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.95

0.69 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.60

0.25 0.13 0.12 0.02 0.12

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.162 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

23441

18835

19389

13190

18980

18958

21288

15437

17540

8316 987 4364 1311 1 1462 -

7773 1949 351 1853 185 38 3307 -

7848 2071 637 817 254 4019 50

7300 2310 51 900 3891 87

6543 2818 577 182 2667 1

6191 4071 468 1549 25

7239 4985 378 1461 19

3610 1355 139 1965 4

4615 2811 8 1635 -

191 -

1 89 -

-

30 30 1 -

130 154 14 -

78 -

38 198 55 105

11 24 57 55 -

107 37 17

15125 785 2217 3441 891 36 98

11062 850 410 1162 883 204 678 280

11541 1480 50 718 141 311 2586 222

5890 276 221 159 77 53 5

12437 1022 98 881 61 425 1125

12767 2011 115 47 375 1 313 2144

14049 1334 166 56 106 2611 2189

11827 1593 58 50 594 25 1902 1144

12925 670 163 157 1349 7 1648 411

6643 853 161

46 2 6444 75 28

1776 2033 863 777 560 24

900 900 2100 302 21 707 156 13

524 1043 6 5694 383 935 140 100

263 1805 36 3971 1033 477 157 19

129 1956 2 3317 1628 10 435 66 44

9 1689 2879 1541 302 41

14 2987 2407 2753 74 260 24 1

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.163

FRANCE 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

449

976

585

392

89

166

165

20

20

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

443 51 264 8 17 53 8 42 -

700 1 25 4 412 46 22 2 15 105 20 48 -

573 8 15 343 36 56 2 95 1 10 6 1 -

392 1 1 250 20 24 5 70 6 15 -

88 5 75 1 7 -

166 62 4 1 99 -

164 70 8 86 -

20 5 2 2 11 -

20 4 5 2 2 7 -

1 -

266 -

11 11 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

266

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

10

1

-

1

-

1

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.164 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

FRANCE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

65.14

61.82

47.26

109.69

133.48

124.63

212.51

204.75

217.32

65.23 64.81 .. 65.24 64.95 64.53 .. 66.18 ..

60.65 62.14 .. 67.65 62.68 52.07 .. 53.98 ..

45.74 46.36 .. 47.64 50.47 .. 34.84 32.99 ..

115.61 117.56 .. .. 107.04 .. .. .. ..

136.73 140.74 .. .. 121.01 .. .. .. ..

125.44 134.95 .. .. 116.61 .. .. .. 118.36

230.00 186.97 .. .. 169.04 258.16 .. .. 205.53

239.82 289.34 .. .. 164.69 .. .. 157.57 215.17

226.06 182.99 .. .. 207.96 .. .. .. 148.73

50.42 47.89 62.44 .. 46.61 48.77 48.79 49.99 .. 44.72 .. ..

49.29 50.95 42.97 .. 34.06 50.21 36.52 46.98 45.55 47.86 .. ..

37.21 38.29 .. .. 34.55 34.84 30.35 37.94 33.28 36.55 .. ..

75.23 79.28 121.47 .. 83.83 75.04 .. 77.69 70.02 71.20 .. ..

72.92 80.63 57.30 .. 157.73 80.70 .. 81.95 68.11 68.26 .. ..

84.49 72.97 146.11 .. 163.83 92.02 .. 84.63 76.34 77.92 .. ..

135.53 118.16 121.26 .. .. 125.30 230.24 .. 139.33 142.92 .. ..

113.60 101.22 165.48 .. 80.58 146.07 .. 122.16 109.51 92.95 .. ..

108.32 151.45 263.60 .. 89.65 111.45 .. 104.16 95.16 110.63 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.165

GERMANY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 600

120

500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40 20

100

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 700

1200

600

1000

500

Other transformation

2009

800

400 600 300 400

200

200

100

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.166 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

478.14 199.14 226.71 40.92 3.57 4.51 1.87 1.42 -

510.25 201.45 205.52 73.13 6.22 20.71 2.34 0.88 -

502.01 183.66 173.78 78.52 6.85 56.91 2.14 0.01 0.02 0.11 -0.00

481.85 121.18 179.14 102.62 11.23 63.14 2.67 0.18 1.31 0.38 -0.00

478.15 115.67 158.75 109.34 32.63 55.28 2.57 0.35 6.04 -2.47 -0.01

455.04 102.31 150.02 109.37 35.52 50.23 2.29 0.68 6.14 -1.51 -0.01

473.57 109.17 150.61 113.84 39.78 52.33 2.33 0.76 6.60 -1.84 -0.01

0.29 -0.47 -1.55 3.91 3.90 16.09 0.79 -13.78 -

2010e 2071 0.23 81.7 5.79 90.2 82.6 .. 614 111.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.36 1.37 -2.02 -1.86 0.03 0.16 0.26 -0.68 -2.02 -1.86 -2.77 -4.34 -0.13 -0.91 2.26 0.36 1.57 0.49

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

-0.52 -3.03 -0.77 1.76 9.05 -0.65 0.36 24.86 33.67 3.60

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 1039 0.46 79.0 6.06 181.5 300.6 118.4 374 70.1

1980 1226 0.42 78.3 6.52 164.1 257.7 125.6 466 75.6

1990 1543 0.33 79.4 6.33 128.3 186.6 115.9 548 91.3

2000 1900 0.25 82.2 5.86 100.0 100.0 100.0 572 100.0

2008 2098 0.23 82.1 5.82 89.9 86.5 98.5 631 121.1

2009 1999 0.23 81.9 5.56 89.8 80.3 97.5 586 100.2

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

51.64 34.97 106.08 -

55.43 35.43 113.63 -

44.06 27.23 102.55 0.12

18.66 15.86 52.05 0.04

10.44 7.27 53.79 -

8.97 4.16 52.16 -

7.07 5.03 52.02 -

-1.32 -2.06 -0.28 -

-8.04 -9.41 -3.50 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

52.24 37.95 377.89 -

56.04 38.46 389.73 -

44.58 31.98 357.47 0.43

18.86 18.51 167.69 0.15

10.55 8.51 175.31 -

9.06 4.70 169.86 -

7.15 5.75 169.40 -

-1.31 -1.42 -0.46 -

-8.04 -9.60 -3.84 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.167

GERMANY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

345.30 79.56 190.42 26.54 2.50 38.44 7.84

355.23 70.29 175.26 47.83 2.72 48.14 10.99

344.27 56.06 159.16 55.79 4.25 0.01 0.02 55.91 13.07

331.53 12.80 163.81 78.71 6.72 0.18 0.16 59.40 9.76

324.72 11.84 133.13 83.54 16.11 0.26 0.45 64.79 14.60

336.00 12.19 143.13 84.13 16.30 0.29 0.51 64.57 14.90

319.88 9.73 135.83 81.81 15.85 0.57 0.58 60.88 14.62

-0.02 -2.04 -1.05 4.47 3.17 2.23 3.05

-0.39 -8.80 -0.83 2.04 7.18 23.74 20.86 0.45 0.59

126.06 38.94 46.15 16.74 0.04 21.91 2.27

112.62 35.60 25.59 24.05 0.04 24.52 2.82

94.52 28.91 10.10 24.35 1.13 26.60 3.44

73.33 10.56 7.35 27.50 0.65 26.00 1.29

80.22 9.56 5.14 25.42 5.10 29.82 5.17

78.93 9.90 5.05 24.66 5.06 29.75 4.51

68.44 7.66 4.40 21.66 4.73 24.82 5.18

-1.68 -1.74 -8.55 2.23 21.74 1.15 2.47

-1.68 -6.75 -4.28 -0.61 7.81 -0.36 2.18

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

51.61 2.46 47.94 -

63.14 0.36 61.23 0.09

78.08 0.02 76.38 -

85.81 0.01 83.52 -

77.34 71.32 0.13

76.61 70.86 0.15

77.03 70.92 0.19

2.47 -24.22 2.78 -

-0.07 -0.39 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.21 86.85 22.03 48.19 0.00

1.47 78.39 19.01 35.76 0.05

1.68 89.96 15.37 25.84 19.15

0.32 1.95 93.14 1.33 e 27.83 33.46

3.89 2.00 87.67 1.31 15.84 40.22

3.58 2.03 97.36 1.39 23.33 41.45

3.97 1.95 93.92 1.37 20.03 41.14

1.94 0.21 -2.10 -3.60 69.17

0.80 0.23 -11.94 -1.33 4.11

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.41 9.65 5.57 39.17 10.22 22.98 -

1.28 14.13 8.17 40.70 10.76 21.38 -

3.11 0.01 0.01 e 16.84 9.63 40.51 8.87 15.04 6.69

5.75 0.18 0.08 16.03 8.47 35.82 0.44 12.60 8.29

7.10 0.26 0.43 17.21 5.30 37.66 0.43 8.83 9.52

7.64 0.29 0.51 17.14 5.62 41.88 0.39 12.60 9.52

7.13 0.57 0.56 17.10 6.02 41.87 0.34 11.36 10.75

4.77 3.33 3.27 0.20 -0.83 -2.46 -

4.45 23.74 23.41 0.08 -2.44 0.17 -15.72 -1.46 2.53

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.05 4.92 24.61 3.21 20.27 1.14

1.41 7.15 32.80 2.22 26.76 3.82

9.91 32.78 1.20 28.36 3.22

14.49 35.81 0.39 32.35 3.07

0.02 0.02 14.72 4.13 35.46 0.53 31.95 2.98

0.02 14.59 4.77 34.55 0.50 31.29 2.76

0.02 0.02 15.95 3.43 31.98 0.36 29.12 2.50

4.20 1.70 -5.62 2.00 6.32

2.54 -0.13 -6.13 0.14 -1.33

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

e e e e

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.168 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

202.0 21.8 -26.1 1.5

204.5 20.6 -22.5 -1.1

174.0 16.4 -11.7 4.9

86.6 31.7 -0.8 3.6

71.5 45.8 -1.5 -0.1

65.3 38.2 -1.2 0.0

64.1 46.2 -1.4 0.2

-0.9 -1.6 -4.6 x

-5.0 4.5 -11.1 x

Primary supply

199.1

201.5

183.7

121.2

115.7

102.3

109.2

-0.5

-3.0

Statistical difference

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.7

..

x

x

Total transformation

-111.3 e

-125.3 e

-124.1 e

-106.6 e

-102.3

-91.7

..

0.6

-1.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-104.2 -99.8 -4.3

-115.9 -94.2 -21.6

-115.6 e -98.7 e -16.9 e

-98.8 e -91.5 e -7.3

-95.5 -87.9 -7.6

-87.3 -83.6 -3.7

.. .. ..

0.6 -0.1 8.4

-1.5 -0.9 -7.7

0.8

1.8

1.9

0.0

0.0

-

..

5.0

-

-8.0 e 1.9 -9.2 e -0.9 0.3

-11.2 e 1.2 -10.1 e -2.5 0.2

-10.5 e -1.4 -8.0 e -1.2 0.2

-7.8 e -0.2 -7.9 e 0.2 0.0

-6.8 -0.0 -6.8 0.0 -

-4.4 0.6 -5.1 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.6 -0.8 1.5 -3.6

-4.4 -2.3 -

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-7.0

-5.1

-3.5

-1.7 e

-1.4

-1.1

..

-4.0

-5.8

Losses

-1.7

-1.0

-0.6

-0.5 e

-0.4

-0.5

..

x

x

12.2

9.7

..

-2.0

-8.8

9.9 6.1 0.6 2.0 0.7

7.7 4.4 0.6 1.7 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.7 -3.2 -2.2 3.8 0.2

-6.8 -3.0 -11.8 -3.6 -4.7

-

-

..

-24.2

-

1.8 0.4 e 1.3 e

1.8 0.4 1.4

1.7 0.3 1.4

.. .. ..

-1.7 -0.8 -2.1

-13.3 -15.7 -11.9

0.4

0.5

0.4

..

-5.6

-6.1

(4)

-

Final consumption

79.6

70.3

56.1

12.8

Industry(5)

38.9 13.7 e 9.3 1.8 1.2

35.6 10.6 e 8.3 3.0 1.3

28.9 7.8 e 6.4 3.5 1.3

10.6 5.6 e 0.6 e 2.8 e 0.5 e

2.5

0.4

0.0

0.0

34.9 10.2 22.0

32.1 10.8 19.0

25.9 8.9 15.4

3.2

2.2

1.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.169

GERMANY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

45.08 34.59 21.05 13.55 1.46 5.15 0.25 1.88 0.48 0.28 2.26 2.00 -

44.75 33.78 26.06 7.73 0.78 1.73 6.53 2.57 1.64 0.56 1.76 0.71 0.01

44.50 38.77 35.67 3.10 0.15 2.53 2.44 0.21 0.27 1.35 0.43 0.19 0.29 -

41.76 35.38 32.74 2.65 0.09 2.77 3.34 1.41 0.70 0.34 0.47 0.43 0.57 0.06

47.10 40.07 36.39 3.68 0.09 3.12 2.42 1.02 0.14 0.67 0.43 0.17 1.28 0.06

44.05 37.50 33.64 3.86 3.07 2.89 1.08 0.28 0.65 0.68 0.21 1.15 0.06

36.54 32.60 31.03 1.57 1.83 2.39 0.74 0.45 0.59 0.48 0.14 1.03 0.02

-0.06 -0.20 1.79 -4.57 -5.14 2.00 2.66 10.75 5.92 -2.05 -8.24 -

-1.06 -0.19 0.92 -8.04 0.30 -5.16 -8.82 -5.25 -0.89 -12.60 1.96 4.36

41.88 6.58 5.70 0.88 34.30 1.01 -

42.22 18.12 14.24 3.88 24.09 -

24.46 13.04 10.17 2.87 11.42 -

22.19 12.02 10.73 1.28 10.18 -

23.00 12.56 11.40 1.16 10.44 -

20.01 9.76 8.76 1.00 10.25 -

15.47 7.05 6.71 0.34 8.42 -

0.07 8.81 7.93 13.17 -2.90 -

-5.15 -4.85 -3.88 -12.02 -5.38 -

383.17 224.46 210.89 13.57 130.03 0.02 20.55 0.24 10.63 0.13 0.88 8.66 2.36 -

364.05 227.90 209.11 18.79 104.92 0.14 20.36 0.76 7.55 0.49 0.60 10.96 7.87 -

169.94 157.39 155.39 2.00 11.36 0.45 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.05 0.02

177.89 165.28 163.32 1.95 11.31 0.37 0.18 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.04

180.56 167.46 165.20 2.26 11.55 0.53 0.02 0.34 0.17 0.04

174.83 160.93 158.51 2.42 12.42 0.56 0.01 0.41 0.13 0.03

169.85 156.80 155.02 1.78 11.88 0.35 0.01 0.23 0.12 0.03

-0.43 0.13 -0.07 2.75 -1.77 18.25 -0.08 10.07 -2.81 11.48 -3.20 1.98 10.58 -

-3.93 -1.95 -1.56 -11.67 -10.83 -19.25 -20.38 -16.88 -21.33 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.170 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

83.97 74.14 60.70

100.08 141.13 98.58

141.95 104.43 122.96

42.94 119.49 119.34

78.92 252.91 ..

91.38 266.07 ..

154.47 408.65 ..

111.47 300.16 ..

119.27 359.41 ..

98.52 62.91 74.07 .. 83.25

120.31 71.78 133.23 .. 122.13

185.76 63.02 102.27 .. 145.88

.. c .. 123.70 146.16

.. c .. 265.21 ..

.. c .. 281.38 ..

.. c .. 422.75 ..

.. c .. 312.12 ..

.. c .. 372.28 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

85.18 106.60 80.15

91.83 183.55 117.75

115.81 120.76 130.58

46.02 181.50 166.48

62.13 282.20 ..

65.89 271.93 ..

104.36 391.33 ..

79.25 302.48 ..

88.94 379.90 ..

101.18 64.15 106.50 .. 109.93

111.77 66.21 173.28 .. 145.87

153.44 51.68 118.26 .. 154.92

.. c .. 187.90 203.90

.. c .. 295.93 ..

.. c .. 287.58 ..

.. c .. 404.83 ..

.. c .. 314.53 ..

.. c .. 393.50 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

21.76 14.76 .. .. 1.74 5.27

20.63 15.09 2.99 12.10 0.62 4.92

16.43 12.43 1.69 10.75 1.06 2.94

31.74 24.84 4.56 20.28 0.91 5.99

42.54 38.81 8.98 29.83 0.02 3.71

46.91 42.23 9.53 32.71 0.01 4.67

45.84 41.48 9.16 32.32 0.02 4.35

38.23 34.99 6.38 28.61 0.01 3.24

46.25 41.60 7.71 33.88 4.65

26.14 13.58 .. .. 0.01 12.56

22.53 12.25 8.52 3.73 0.00 10.28

11.65 5.59 3.96 1.63 0.05 0.12 5.89

0.80 0.29 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.04 0.47

1.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.03 0.76

1.15 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.83

1.54 0.53 0.53 0.00 1.00

1.25 0.32 0.11 0.21 0.01 0.92

1.35 0.26 0.01 0.25 1.09

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.171

GERMANY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

12865

15547

13580

15052

27948

46287

45427

38475

45725

2435 48 553 89

2235 4 82 20 26 102

1706 58 25 28 116 48 2

1427 434 20 1 147 613 210

4608 3414 865 50 257 19

9627 4778 1663 1036 1802 -

9255 3804 1449 753 2400 -

6448 2565 611 295 1597 -

7793 2577 557 2393 -

20 1725

363 1638

177 1252

1 1 -

2 1 -

114 150 70 14

182 488 37 142

194 430 336 420

312 574 1030 350

10430 763 428 152 2041 554 399 637

13312 720 235 346 2709 180 1072 918

11874 1094 45 248 2583 284 689 637

13625 505 83 922 3116 36 2066 988

23340 301 1061 6744 37 432 1236

36660 848 97 10 5638 1463 -

36172 772 46 13 5091 8 2973 65

32027 1042 498 14 3761 65 2827 117

37932 1529 587 15 5835 1 3321 137

21 1108 96 4231

9 19 3196 166 3742

8 128 38 4512 157 1451

84 995 194 4228 199 13 193 3 -

67 2719 149 4577 937 341 114 4625

5809 7539 8907 6349

4485 8327 9120 5272

6293 4890 9193 3327

7548 2714 10104 6141

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.172 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

13354

5701

4002

730

3

-

-

110

6

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

12335 213 1897 5020 2480 375 286 975 447 234 18 89 198 103

5640 146 960 2446 1600 486 2 -

3902 717 1443 859 465 415 3 -

730 1 481 1 1 238 7 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

-

-

5 5 -

6 6 -

1019 15 520 5 -

61 -

100 100 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

479

61

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

105

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.173

GERMANY 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

5737

3539

1510

1120

276

310

519

201

247

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5381 15 2123 944 1574 7 32 14 467 18 6 38 60 32 51 -

2293 51 1022 3 1 525 9 25 7 157 71 1 67 354 -

1186 6 678 3 81 5 28 1 48 45 1 42 5 38 205 -

1120 12 853 2 144 6 32 11 60 -

275 98 82 75 1 6 3 3 1 5 1 -

303 55 72 4 111 1 45 1 5 2 2 5 -

507 14 110 3 328 1 1 15 20 1 8 3 3 -

31 7 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 -

41 3 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 10 4 5 -

53 -

963 13 6 1 -

324 5 3 -

-

-

6 3 2

2 2 -

2 2 -

1 1

53

943

316

-

-

1

-

-

-

303

283

-

-

1

1

10

168

205

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.174 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GERMANY 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

63.76

67.24

46.10

113.48

135.72

133.45

182.72

240.22

191.06

55.97 60.33 66.67 66.68 60.93 .. 96.62 .. 65.10

67.69 62.38 78.37 57.59 73.55 .. .. .. ..

43.04 40.03 .. 44.16 43.16 53.44 .. .. ..

104.77 110.62 .. 157.75 120.72 538.07 .. .. 89.56

140.44 153.08 .. 117.59 126.39 .. .. .. 85.79

132.39 137.52 .. 147.19 131.66 .. .. .. 81.15

217.74 180.05 .. 430.07 151.09 172.05 .. .. 136.07

282.87 223.30 .. 158.89 151.81 .. 193.09 .. 130.86

206.44 220.05 189.56 292.74 201.28 .. 211.34 .. 116.19

57.87 62.06 66.66 63.93 62.25 55.69 73.16 61.65 47.20 47.72 .. ..

53.53 51.00 88.38 64.04 46.86 50.00 33.06 45.24 46.38 41.35 .. ..

33.45 32.19 .. 37.25 31.39 35.85 37.57 34.09 33.42 34.88 .. ..

70.12 105.93 .. 89.31 73.56 69.53 .. 68.68 67.61 65.11 .. ..

81.49 64.73 116.92 90.41 91.16 98.66 228.55 76.67 75.05 76.21 .. ..

138.84 129.56 .. 152.10 154.54 135.78 .. .. 144.76 139.38 .. ..

100.87 152.06 .. 199.57 104.83 102.27 .. 87.91 82.97 93.84 .. ..

101.34 174.90 .. 151.99 93.05 104.33 .. 87.27 113.77 105.75 ..

72.48 .. .. 85.54 73.74 73.70 85.99 69.49 67.69 68.13 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.175

GREECE* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 500

45

450

40

400

35

350 30

300

25

250

20

200

15

150

10

100

5

50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

16

12

14 12

10

10 8 8 6 6 4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

120

60

100

50

Other transformation

2009

80

40 60 30 40

20

20

10

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.176 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

16.87 3.01 12.95 0.64 0.27 0.01 -

21.40 4.66 15.60 0.64 0.42 0.08 -

30.63 11.52 17.24 0.20 1.28 0.22 0.00 0.08 0.09 -

38.69 12.91 21.26 2.43 1.44 0.45 0.00 0.20 -0.00 -

43.46 11.89 23.42 5.01 1.50 0.41 0.02 0.52 0.69 -

42.06 12.04 22.56 4.24 1.41 0.66 0.03 0.58 0.54 -

38.59 10.44 19.98 4.56 1.48 0.81 0.03 0.57 0.73 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.57 8.23 1.70 4.12 -1.33 17.63 -

1.68 0.23 1.42 17.53 0.52 6.02 12.06 10.92 10.02 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 77 0.22 9.1 1.86 71.8 38.4 48.5 15 56.6

1980 94 0.23 9.8 2.18 74.7 48.7 62.3 23 75.6

1990 101 0.30 10.3 2.96 99.8 112.5 83.2 35 83.2

2000 127 0.30 10.9 3.54 100.0 100.0 100.0 53 100.0

2008 172 0.25 11.2 3.87 83.2 68.2 97.2 63 101.8

2009 168 0.25 11.3 3.73 82.2 70.5 95.9 61 91.8

2010e 161 0.24 11.3 3.42 78.9 64.0 .. 61 86.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.59 2.73 1.95 -1.02 0.76 0.46 2.78 1.22 1.95 -1.02 6.53 -2.43 3.22 0.75 5.15 3.01 2.30 0.52

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.97 -

4.22 -

10.17 -

11.75 -

11.61 -

11.68 -

10.17 -

8.16 -

0.73 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

21.82 -

23.20 -

51.90 -

63.89 -

65.72 -

64.89 -

56.52 -

7.49 -

1.18 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.177

GREECE 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

12.18 0.74 9.24 0.64 1.56 -

15.29 0.67 11.53 0.64 2.45 -

20.71 1.74 13.97 0.14 1.28 0.00 0.08 3.50 -

26.36 1.25 17.73 0.54 1.35 0.00 0.14 5.30 0.04

31.14 0.76 20.46 1.21 1.63 0.02 0.23 6.78 0.06

30.27 0.57 19.53 1.43 1.44 0.02 0.25 6.96 0.06

29.41 0.25 19.23 1.53 1.32 0.03 0.26 6.72 0.07

3.17 5.13 2.46 4.12 4.86 -

1.86 -9.80 1.70 13.50 0.19 12.06 6.37 3.50 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

4.19 0.53 2.75 0.91 -

5.52 0.45 3.78 1.29 -

5.69 1.53 2.40 0.27 1.49 -

6.34 1.22 2.78 0.35 0.33 1.66 -

6.55 0.76 2.99 0.58 0.34 1.88 -

6.01 0.56 2.52 0.65 0.38 1.90 -

4.94 0.24 2.05 0.58 0.35 1.73 -

1.81 6.39 -0.80 2.97 -

-0.74 -9.28 -0.84 1.25 0.79 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.95 0.02 2.92 -

4.55 0.00 4.54 -

7.20 0.00 7.18 -

9.14 9.11 -

11.09 10.91 0.03

10.75 10.59 0.03

11.94 11.78 0.02

5.38 -17.43 5.43 -

2.70 2.64 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.01 2.80 0.06 1.72 -

0.01 2.84 0.06 1.44 -

0.02 4.35 0.03 2.12 -

0.03 6.40 0.03 3.44 0.01

0.12 0.03 7.68 0.00 3.78 0.25

0.10 0.03 7.45 0.01 3.65 0.30

0.11 0.03 6.93 0.01 3.14 0.37

5.92 2.63 -3.78 1.25 -

3.31 2.48 -9.16 2.09 -

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.64 0.38 0.25 0.00 -

0.64 0.69 0.40 0.00 -

1.00 .. 0.08 1.11 0.93 0.01 0.23 -

1.00 .. 0.14 1.75 0.04 1.87 0.35 0.01

1.15 0.01 0.22 2.21 0.06 3.05 0.58 0.15

0.95 0.01 0.24 2.23 0.06 3.17 0.56 0.18

0.84 0.02 0.26 2.23 0.07 3.06 0.42 0.21

2.65 6.58 7.96 11.79 -

-0.91 6.29 3.71 6.48 3.24 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.25 0.76 0.12 0.64 -

0.40 0.71 0.15 0.56 -

0.00 0.69 1.00 0.17 0.70 0.14

0.00 0.00 1.51 1.03 0.85 0.17

0.00 0.00 2.31 1.20 1.00 0.20

0.00 0.00 2.42 1.33 0.00 1.06 0.27

0.00 0.01 2.43 1.29 0.94 0.35

6.12 1.63 1.77 0.52 -

12.97 6.86 1.37 1.60 5.07

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.178 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

2.4 0.7 -0.0 -0.1

4.2 0.5 -0.1

10.2 1.3 0.0

11.7 1.2 -0.1 0.1

11.6 0.6 -0.0 -0.3

11.7 0.2 -0.0 0.1

10.2 0.6 -0.3

8.8 4.0 x

0.7 -8.4 x

3.0

4.7

11.5

12.9

11.9

12.0

10.4

8.2

0.2

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.1 e

-3.9 e

-9.9

-11.8

-11.7

-11.8

..

9.5

1.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.0 -2.0 -

-3.8 -3.8 -

-9.8 -9.8 -

-11.8 -11.8 -

-11.7 -11.7 -

-11.8 -11.8 -

.. .. ..

9.8 9.8 -

1.0 1.0 -

-0.0

-0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 e 0.0 -0.1 e -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.3 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-0.0

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

0.7

0.7

1.7

1.3

0.6

0.2

..

5.1

-9.8

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -

1.5 0.1 1.2 0.0

1.2 1.0 -

0.6 0.3 -

0.2 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.4 5.6 36.6 -

-9.3 -11.6 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-17.4

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-1.8 11.8 -3.8

-10.9 -9.2

Non-energy use

0.1

0.1

0.2

-

0.0

-

..

1.8

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.179

GREECE 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

0.15 0.02 0.13 0.13 0.00 -

1.38 1.38 1.29 0.09 0.00 -

1.12 0.01 0.01 1.12 1.05 0.07 -

0.56 0.56 0.43 0.13 0.00 -

0.71 0.71 0.57 0.14 0.00 -

0.52 0.52 0.38 0.14 0.00 -

0.34 0.02 0.02 0.26 0.13 0.13 0.00 -

20.18 21.66 -3.54 -8.75 -

-7.15 -8.38 -11.39 2.30 3.72 -

0.21 0.21 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21.74 19.83 19.83 0.66 0.36 0.21 0.16 0.83

52.05 50.53 50.53 0.35 0.52 0.20 0.02 0.30 0.06 0.58

64.56 63.86 63.86 0.24 0.38 0.00 0.38 0.03 -

70.10 69.43 69.43 0.41 0.22 0.22 0.01 -

66.37 65.87 65.87 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.00 -

64.63 64.23 64.23 0.04 0.30 0.30 0.03 -

65.21 65.17 65.17 0.03 0.03 0.02 -

7.55 8.11 8.11 -5.14 2.96 -0.25 5.46 -2.96

1.19 1.35 1.35 -14.05 -11.56 -5.79 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.180 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 49.62 ..

.. 99.40 ..

.. 116.53 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

93.42 .. 58.87 .. x

119.98 .. 118.71 .. x

.. .. 116.53 .. x

.. .. .. 170.14 153.52

.. .. 276.18 295.64 ..

.. .. .. 346.30 343.28

.. .. .. 470.29 500.81

.. .. .. 355.68 343.12

.. .. .. 431.57 402.55

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.35 ..

.. 17.04 ..

.. 74.15 ..

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

.. .. c

8.82 .. 8.72 .. x

13.11 .. 20.35 .. x

.. .. 74.15 .. x

.. .. .. 249.44 211.00

.. .. 301.87 323.14 ..

.. .. .. 346.70 322.19

.. .. .. 441.16 440.42

.. .. .. 351.11 317.54

.. .. .. 446.86 390.76

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.67 0.63 .. .. 0.05

0.55 0.51 0.38 0.13 0.04

1.31 1.28 1.28 0.03

1.16 1.16 1.16 0.00

0.34 0.34 0.34 0.00

0.54 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.00 0.00

0.25 0.24 0.24 0.01 0.00

0.56 0.55 0.55 0.01 0.00

0.03 .. .. 0.03

-

-

0.06 0.05 0.05 0.00 -

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.181

GREECE 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

349

2040

1380

1409

1245

605

664

267

617

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

213 159 54 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

136 48 1 75 -

2040 588 2 17 61 1136 -

1380 35 4

1409 36 -

1245 110 -

605 67

664 66 76

267 23

617 47 51

12 -

207 29 -

1017 324 -

1123 250 -

119 205 447 321 43 -

72 18 36 412 -

110 18 51 329 14 -

233 11 -

76 45 398 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.182 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

GREECE 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

40.74

288.28

402.73

304.84

306.70

310.94

380.10

255.93

354.06

40.88 .. 201.72 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 288.28 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

43.47 .. .. 131.94 .. 52.03 .. 29.06 .. 42.36 .. ..

42.95 .. .. 179.85 .. .. .. 45.00 40.52 54.16 .. ..

32.02 .. .. 112.43 .. 24.40 31.20 33.32 29.73 37.42 .. ..

54.72 .. .. 198.06 .. .. .. .. 69.89 46.37 .. ..

70.79 .. .. 198.12 .. .. .. 77.16 69.59 69.71 .. ..

78.44 .. .. 252.12 .. .. .. 79.58 .. 75.73 .. ..

117.37 .. .. 341.67 .. 120.31 .. .. .. 97.49 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

133.42 .. .. 346.31 .. .. .. 99.14 195.66 54.30 .. ..

105.45 .. .. 306.04 .. 94.73 .. 112.67 187.04 95.73 ..

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.183

HUNGARY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

45 40

100

35 80

30 25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 45

100

40

90

35

80 70

30

60

25

50 20

40

15

30

10

20

5

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.184 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

30.39 11.29 11.64 5.96 0.91 0.01 0.57 -

40.50 12.04 15.42 11.39 0.74 0.01 0.91 -

40.94 8.72 11.93 12.73 0.94 5.11 0.02 0.12 1.37 -

35.71 5.50 9.47 13.79 1.08 5.30 0.02 0.12 0.42 -

37.80 4.34 9.99 15.08 2.18 5.54 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.48 -

35.51 3.66 9.62 13.07 2.52 5.76 0.03 0.14 0.05 0.68 -

36.34 3.85 9.20 13.91 2.63 5.88 0.02 0.14 0.07 0.64 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.77 -1.51 0.14 4.57 0.15 3.39 5.26 -

-0.75 -4.47 -1.13 0.14 5.33 0.63 1.31 0.60 -3.64 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 31 0.98 10.4 2.92 129.6 312.8 90.8 18 ..

e e

e e e

1980 40 1.02 10.7 3.78 134.9 260.4 103.3 24 70.0

e e

e e e

1990 45 0.92 10.4 3.95 121.7 168.3 113.9 28 68.3

e e

e e e

2000 47 0.75 10.2 3.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 35 100.0

2008 60 0.63 10.0 3.77 82.9 61.8 91.4 40 155.9

2009 56 0.63 10.0 3.54 83.5 55.8 94.6 36 128.4

2010e 57 0.64 10.0 3.64 84.5 58.2 .. 37 141.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.14 1.24 -0.37 -1.96 -0.03 -0.18 1.80 -0.57 -0.37 -1.96 -3.58 -5.64 1.34 -0.98 2.85 1.24 3.38

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.87 8.20 -

0.89 8.17 -

0.17 5.72 -

4.13 -

2.42 -

2.22 -

2.25 -

-12.69 -2.96 -

-4.85 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.86 25.24 -

0.88 25.14 -

0.17 17.33 -

14.03 -

9.40 -

8.99 -

9.08 -

-12.69 -3.09 -

-3.40 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.185

HUNGARY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

23.61 5.83 9.23 4.01 0.88 2.16 1.51

30.81 5.06 12.86 6.59 0.71 3.14 2.46

29.61 3.43 10.17 8.85 0.88 0.12 3.88 2.27

24.55 0.77 7.43 9.56 0.99 0.11 3.62 2.07

26.73 0.72 9.70 9.24 1.11 0.12 0.00 4.15 1.70

26.54 0.74 9.37 9.24 1.20 0.13 0.01 4.22 1.65

25.48 0.50 9.09 8.70 1.43 0.13 0.01 4.07 1.56

1.34 -3.07 0.57 4.78 0.01 3.52 2.43

-0.79 -9.60 -0.59 -0.10 2.56 0.30 0.25 -1.97

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.76 2.24 2.18 2.32 0.03 1.32 0.66

10.59 1.84 2.43 3.70 0.02 1.70 0.91

8.62 0.74 1.28 4.58 0.00 1.69 0.33

4.66 0.42 0.38 1.96 0.09 1.08 0.74

4.42 0.51 0.31 1.74 0.18 0.00 1.16 0.51

4.43 0.50 0.29 1.73 0.17 0.00 1.22 0.52

3.47 0.30 0.22 1.27 0.16 0.00 1.05 0.47

-0.09 -6.30 -3.09 4.07 -10.48 1.46 -4.03

-4.67 -4.69 -8.83 -6.54 21.42 -2.46 1.92

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.26 0.54 2.62 -

4.11 0.18 3.80 -

4.19 0.00 4.04 0.00

4.34 0.00 4.21 0.00

6.32 6.13 0.00

6.47 6.08 0.00

6.44 6.05 0.00

1.49 -30.33 2.58 -

2.29 2.14 13.36

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.10 5.42 2.22 1.41 0.26

0.13 7.36 2.66 1.75 0.69

0.15 9.66 2.49 1.67 2.35

0.12 7.98 0.27 0.44 4.32

0.04 0.15 7.93 0.19 0.16 4.53

0.24 0.15 7.95 0.23 0.15 4.70

0.24 0.15 7.88 0.20 0.15 4.54

2.40 3.46 0.68 0.98 13.85

0.07 -1.07 -12.39 -11.94 3.54

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.80 0.31 0.41 1.60 0.67 0.24 0.13

0.65 0.62 0.98 2.00 0.32 0.64 0.28

0.85 1.13 1.19 2.88 0.13 0.41 0.88

0.79 1.20 0.95 4.32 0.03 0.10 2.53

0.77 0.00 1.38 0.89 4.06 0.00 0.03 2.18

0.66 0.01 1.41 0.79 3.98 0.00 0.03 2.06

0.83 0.01 1.38 0.77 4.27 0.00 0.03 2.24

0.31 7.83 6.43 3.51 -9.20 3.15 11.98

-0.11 1.06 -2.24 2.09 -16.83 -13.36 5.07

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.28 0.28 1.84 0.98 0.86

0.00 0.33 0.43 3.51 2.20 1.30

0.01 0.12 0.68 0.65 2.48 1.69 0.79

0.08 0.11 1.09 0.37 2.27 1.80 0.47

0.11 0.09 0.00 1.33 0.30 3.29 2.73 0.56

0.11 0.11 0.00 1.33 0.34 2.95 2.45 0.50

0.17 0.11 0.00 1.40 0.32 2.79 2.32 0.46

5.28 5.08 1.79 3.27 -0.48

13.67 -0.46 3.86 -3.75 0.61 1.68 -2.78

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.186 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

8.6 2.5 -0.2 0.3

9.1 3.2 -0.0 -0.2

5.9 2.3 -0.0 0.5

4.1 1.7 -0.2 -0.2

2.4 2.4 -0.4 -0.1

2.2 1.6 -0.2 0.1

2.2 2.0 -0.4 0.0

-2.2 -0.4 -28.6 x

-5.0 -2.0 37.9 x

Primary supply

11.3

12.0

8.7

5.5

4.3

3.7

3.9

-1.5

-4.5

1.2

0.6

-0.5

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-6.5 e

-7.5 e

-4.7 e

-4.6 e

-3.5 e

-3.0 e

..

-2.0

-2.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-5.8 -5.4 -0.4

-6.9 -6.5 -0.5

-4.5 -4.2 -0.2

-4.1 -4.1 -

-3.0 -3.0 -0.0

-2.6 -2.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

-1.5 -1.4 -3.5

-2.8 -2.5 -22.3

0.3

0.2

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.0 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.4 -0.1

-0.8 e 0.4 -0.9 e -0.3 0.0

-0.2 e 0.5 -0.6 e -0.1 0.0

-0.5 e 0.0 -0.4 e -0.2 -

-0.5 e 0.0 -0.3 e -0.2 -

-0.4 e -0.0 -0.3 e -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-9.7 1.7 -2.6 -5.3 -

4.8 -2.6 -2.7 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-0.2

-0.1

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Final consumption

5.8

5.1

3.4

0.8

0.7

0.5

..

-3.1

-9.6

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

2.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.5 0.0

1.8 0.9 e 0.1 0.3 0.0

0.7 0.5 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.3 e 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.3 e 0.0 0.2 -

0.3 0.2 e 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.3 -3.6 -9.1 -9.8 -14.5

-4.7 -4.3 -0.5 -

Transport(6)

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-30.3

-

3.0 0.7 2.2

3.0 0.3 2.7

2.7 0.1 2.5

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

0.2 0.0 0.2

.. .. ..

-0.7 -9.2 0.7

-12.6 -16.8 -12.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.187

HUNGARY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

-

-

-

0.53 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.11 -

0.51 0.28 0.28 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.06 -

0.48 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.17 0.16 0.01 0.04 -

0.33 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.06 -

-

-

1.74 1.38 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.16 -

0.97 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.01 -

1.28 1.28 -

0.81 0.81 -

1.46 1.46 -

1.43 1.43 -

1.02 1.02 -

-4.74 -3.04 -10.91 -9.91 -20.46 -

0.27 0.36 -

26.22 18.29 17.61 0.68 1.42 2.67 0.27 0.27 1.06 0.06 1.00 3.18 -

19.01 14.53 14.34 0.20 1.83 0.65 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.01 0.27 2.18 -

13.89 13.02 13.02 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.55 -

10.25 9.81 9.81 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.36 -

10.09 9.78 9.78 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.25 -

9.93 9.53 9.53 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.35 -

9.33 8.98 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.29 -

-2.65 -1.90 -1.70 -9.75 2.14 -11.15 -9.63 -8.72 -13.03 -17.57 -10.39 -3.11 -

-3.68 -2.50 -2.44 -19.79 -32.65 -12.24 -6.70 -25.51 -10.06 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.188 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

HUNGARY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

33.66 60.78 51.33

90.60 64.33 76.50

c 105.44 77.67

c .. 304.81

c .. 384.31

c .. 485.08

c .. 399.65

c .. ..

.. c .. .. ..

50.47 c 77.69 .. 66.66

100.92 c 70.64 .. 102.01

.. c 95.91 99.70 85.27

.. c .. 283.95 350.89

.. c .. 324.34 454.37

.. c .. 459.28 585.67

.. c .. 324.26 475.56

.. c .. 399.70 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Hungarian forints / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

0.372 2.740 2.147

1.700 5.635 6.217

c 41.246 28.191

c .. 82.454

c .. 90.714

c .. 107.559

c .. 103.825

c .. ..

.. c .. .. ..

0.917 c 3.430 .. 2.788

3.700 c 6.060 .. 8.290

.. c 36.743 38.194 30.950

.. c .. 81.081 94.922

.. c .. 80.812 107.252

.. c .. 107.495 129.863

.. c .. 88.920 123.548

.. c .. 112.700 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

2.49 0.66 .. .. 0.40 1.43

3.17 0.85 0.85 0.57 1.74

2.33 0.64 0.64 0.79 0.90

1.73 1.26 1.26 0.46 0.01

2.22 1.77 1.35 0.42 0.39 0.06

2.45 2.04 1.58 0.47 0.37 0.04

2.43 1.95 1.54 0.40 0.46 0.03

1.58 1.35 1.04 0.31 0.21 0.02

1.99 1.82 1.56 0.26 0.15 0.02

0.16 .. .. 0.04 0.12

0.03 0.03 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.19 0.00 0.19

0.43 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.28

0.48 0.13 0.35

0.41 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.35

0.23 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.22

0.39 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.39

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.189

HUNGARY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

Hard Coal

817

478

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

817 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

610

1418 e

1234

2000

1931

1336

1761

478 -

610 -

1418 e -

1234 800 251 51 -

1469 64 462 119 486 -

1440 18 72 236 96 839 -

973 368 22 379 23

1459 380 129 -

817 e -

478 e -

610 e -

- e 1418

132 -

251 87 -

132 47 -

156 25 -

65 885 -

-

-

-

-

-

531 96 139 -

491 91 119 5

363 47 54 7

302 104 56 -

-

-

-

-

-

294 2 -

251 25 -

250 5 -

132 10 -

Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.190 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 9

14000

8

12000

7

10000

6 8000

5 4

6000

3

4000

2

2000

1 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.18

0.18

0.16

0.16

0.14

0.14

0.12

0.12

0.10

0.10

0.08

0.08

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.00

0.00

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 18

Other transformation

2009

2.5

16 2.0

14 12

1.5

10 8

1.0

6 4

0.5

2 0.0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.191

ICELAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.60 0.00 0.82 0.27 0.50 -

2.14 0.03 0.82 0.38 0.91 -

2.98 0.09 0.89 0.52 1.48 -

4.43 0.14 1.00 0.00 0.78 2.51 -

7.50 0.12 1.16 0.01 1.53 4.69 -

7.46 0.11 1.06 0.00 1.51 4.78 -

7.65 0.11 1.02 0.00 1.55 4.98 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.74 31.25 0.47 3.86 6.58 -

4.94 1.15 0.92 5.80 6.35 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4 0.45 0.2 7.54 87.7 1.6 72.8 2 ..

1980 5 0.41 0.2 9.38 81.4 30.2 69.8 3 ..

1990 7 0.44 0.3 11.70 86.6 84.5 72.8 5 ..

2000 9 0.51 0.3 15.76 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 ..

2008 12 0.62 0.3 23.51 122.2 63.9 159.1 16 ..

2009 11 0.67 0.3 23.40 130.6 63.3 175.6 17 ..

2010e 11 0.71 0.3 23.99 138.7 62.9 .. 17 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.81 2.70 -0.07 2.18 1.09 1.19 2.62 3.72 -0.07 2.18 26.43 -1.51 -0.01 4.75 3.99 7.18 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.192 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

1.46 0.00 0.77 0.44 0.25 -

1.83 0.03 0.78 0.63 0.35 0.05

2.34 0.09 0.85 0.78 0.48 0.14

3.01 0.14 0.99 0.78 0.85 0.25

3.58 0.16 1.18 0.00 0.65 1.34 0.25

4.02 0.12 1.15 0.00 0.53 1.87 0.34

4.02 0.11 1.06 0.00 0.59 1.92 0.34

2.82 31.25 0.56 3.52 3.81 -

2.88 1.15 1.16 -1.48 7.58 4.73

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

0.38 0.16 0.04 0.18 -

0.50 0.03 0.20 0.04 0.24 -

0.60 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.31 -

1.03 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.64 -

1.43 0.16 0.16 0.03 1.08 -

1.91 0.12 0.16 0.02 1.60 0.01

1.94 0.11 0.14 0.02 1.66 0.01

2.62 -1.31 2.53 3.19 -

6.40 1.15 0.47 -6.33 9.15 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.18 0.18 -

0.23 0.23 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.30 0.30 -

0.45 0.45 -

0.44 0.44 -

0.41 0.41 -

3.02 3.02 -

1.66 1.66 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.64 0.00 0.25 -

0.76 0.10 -

0.83 0.02 -

0.86 0.01 -

0.00 0.82 0.00 -

0.00 0.71 0.00 -

0.00 0.75 0.00 -

1.55 -13.32 -

-0.49 -7.96 -

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.35 0.04 0.03 -

0.54 0.08 0.04 0.04 -

0.63 0.07 0.11 0.10 -

0.56 0.07 0.21 0.17 -

0.48 0.10 0.24 0.21 0.00 -

0.37 0.11 0.23 0.29 -

0.41 0.11 0.23 0.30 -

3.58 2.88 7.17 -

-2.25 2.28 4.22 5.86 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 -

0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

0.03 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.09 -

0.06 0.09 0.01 0.18 0.18 -

0.07 0.12 0.02 0.30 0.30 -

0.10 0.13 0.06 0.28 0.28 -

0.11 0.13 0.06 0.27 0.27 -

3.13 9.56 6.57 6.57 -

6.85 3.98 10.24 5.75 5.75 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.193

ICELAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 e -

0.1 e -

0.1 -

31.3 x

1.2 x

Primary supply

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

31.3

1.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Statistical difference

2008

2009

2010e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

Total transformation

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

31.3

1.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e -

0.1 0.1 e 0.0 e -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

1.2 -0.6 6.7 -

Transport(6)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Final consumption Industry(5)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.194 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

-

0.05 0.05 0.05 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 -

0.11 0.11 0.11 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 - e - e -

0.06 0.06 0.06 - e - e -

-

0.30 0.30 0.30 -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 -

0.05 0.05 0.05 e - e -

0.05 0.05 0.05 e - e -

-

6.88 6.88 6.88 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

-

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.195

ICELAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Icelandic krona / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2010e

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

0.00 0.00 .. .. -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.09 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.03

0.14 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.04

0.13 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.02

0.16 0.13 0.03 0.10 0.03

0.12 e 0.10 0.05 e 0.06 e 0.02 e

0.11 e 0.10 0.04 e 0.05 e 0.02 e

.. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.11 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.02 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.196 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ICELAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

Hard Coal

-

69

65

65

101

138

109 e

101 e

97

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

20 4 16 -

13 13 -

7 7

14 7 7

30 24

50 e 50 e -

46 e 46 e -

44 -

-

-

-

-

-

6 -

-

-

44

-

49 3 42 2

52 52 -

58 11 37 10

87 6 4 48 19

108 68 3 7 20 10

59 e 59 e

55 e 55 e

53 -

-

2 -

-

-

10 -

-

-

-

53

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2008

2009

2010e

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.197

IRELAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

25

160 20

140 120

15

100 80

10

60 40

5 20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

35

45

30

40 25

35 30

20

25 15

20

10

15 10

5

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.198 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

9.87 2.26 7.52 0.08 0.01 -

11.77 2.73 7.88 1.05 0.10 -

14.27 4.96 6.39 2.67 0.15 0.09 0.00 -

19.57 3.75 10.56 4.91 0.20 0.10 0.03 0.01 -

21.29 3.44 10.59 6.40 0.38 0.12 0.30 0.06 -

20.48 3.09 10.25 6.12 0.45 0.11 0.37 0.09 -

21.34 3.00 10.52 6.89 0.45 0.07 0.35 0.06 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.19 4.72 -0.95 0.47 -

1.92 -2.47 2.52 4.45 5.85 1.37 57.18 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 25 0.40 3.1 3.21 197.6 236.4 118.8 7 ..

1980 34 0.35 3.4 3.46 171.1 206.7 120.6 11 17.1

1990 49 0.29 3.5 4.07 145.4 263.7 116.7 14 31.5

2000 97 0.20 3.8 5.14 100.0 100.0 100.0 24 100.0

2008 135 0.16 4.4 4.79 77.7 65.5 94.0 30 141.7

2009 125 0.16 4.5 4.58 80.9 63.6 95.2 28 135.4

2010e 124 0.17 4.5 4.70 85.2 62.6 .. 28 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.05 5.11 -1.79 -3.04 0.78 1.28 1.40 0.63 -1.79 -3.04 0.64 -7.21 -0.11 -1.07 3.96 3.60 7.97

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 1.50

0.06 1.49

0.02 2.02

1.38

0.92

0.83

1.51

0.45 2.50

-4.54

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 5.24

0.06 5.21

0.03 6.52

4.81

3.09

2.77

5.00

1.46 1.82

-4.40

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.199

IRELAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

7.30 1.47 5.08 0.76 -

9.06 1.94 5.57 0.49 1.06 -

10.56 2.19 5.33 1.43 0.15 0.00 1.46 -

15.12 0.90 9.29 2.26 0.17 0.00 2.49 -

17.62 0.87 11.03 2.24 0.29 0.00 3.18 -

17.93 0.88 11.08 2.36 0.33 0.00 3.28 -

16.18 0.79 9.68 2.25 0.39 0.01 3.07 -

2.19 2.36 0.29 3.94 -

2.27 -5.23 3.18 2.43 5.02 26.87 3.99 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.43 0.10 2.06 0.27 -

3.10 0.17 2.04 0.49 0.39 -

2.48 0.35 0.97 0.51 0.09 0.55 -

3.57 0.16 1.64 0.67 0.14 0.95 -

3.70 0.27 1.29 0.89 0.22 1.04 -

3.60 0.24 1.34 0.85 0.20 0.98 -

3.09 0.16 0.93 0.76 0.22 1.02 -

0.12 7.86 -4.33 4.28 -

1.17 -4.12 -0.22 2.09 4.77 3.31 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.61 1.61 -

2.20 2.20 -

2.34 2.34 -

4.91 4.90 -

6.82 6.78 -

6.47 6.38 -

5.88 5.76 -

2.22 2.22 -

4.95 4.85 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.58 1.38 0.89 -

2.60 1.66 0.50 -

0.00 3.10 1.81 0.55 0.17

0.00 3.47 0.74 1.30 0.63

0.03 0.01 4.05 0.57 1.61 0.85

0.08 0.01 4.42 0.61 1.77 0.95

0.11 0.01 4.30 0.63 1.75 0.89

1.08 1.64 -2.81 -

5.59 1.73 -5.41 6.32 9.20

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.32 0.36 0.19 -

0.44 0.83 0.11 0.50 -

0.06 0.00 0.51 1.40 0.02 0.90 0.13

0.02 0.00 0.78 1.94 0.01 0.83 0.42

0.03 0.00 0.99 2.44 0.04 0.81 0.50

0.03 0.00 1.05 2.59 0.04 0.80 0.56

0.04 0.01 0.98 2.29 c 0.68 0.60

2.80 8.37 9.60 -

-2.41 26.65 3.50 2.63 -1.41 8.23

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.17 0.30 0.30 -

0.22 0.29 0.29 -

0.34 0.89 0.28 0.61

0.69 0.79 0.24 0.55

0.01 0.00 1.07 0.19 0.19 -

0.02 0.00 1.17 0.43 0.43 -

0.02 0.00 0.98 0.23 0.23 -

4.32 6.71 -0.37 -

5.65 -6.80 -0.91 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.200 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.5 0.8 -0.1 0.0

1.5 1.2 -0.0 0.0

2.0 2.9 -0.0 0.1

1.4 2.4 -0.0 -0.0

0.9 2.5 -0.0 0.1

0.8 2.0 -0.0 0.3

1.5 1.5 -0.0 0.0

1.7 7.7 -6.4 x

-4.6 -2.0 -0.5 x

2.3

2.7

5.0

3.8

3.4

3.1

3.0

4.7

-2.5

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.8

-0.7

-2.7

-2.8

-2.4

-2.1

..

7.6

-1.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.8 -0.8 -0.0

-2.6 -2.6 -0.0

-2.7 -2.7 -0.0

-2.3 -2.3 -0.0

-2.0 -2.0 -0.0

.. .. ..

6.4 6.3 -

-1.3 -1.3 0.1

0.2

0.1

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

0.0 0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.0 -0.0 0.0

-0.0 -0.0 c

-0.0 -0.0 c

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-1.6 -1.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

5.2

6.9

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

1.5

1.9

2.2

0.9

0.9

0.8

..

2.4

-5.2

Industry(5)

0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.0 -

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

7.9 8.0 -

-4.1 -1.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.4 1.4

1.8 0.1 1.7

1.8 0.0 1.8

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.6 0.0 0.6

0.6 c 0.6

.. .. ..

1.7 1.6

-5.5 -5.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.201

IRELAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.54 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.46 -

3.18 1.97 1.96 0.01 0.33 0.03 0.19 0.11 1.05 -

2.94 2.35 2.34 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.11 0.06 0.36 -

2.94 2.29 2.28 0.01 0.04 0.32 0.22 0.09 0.31 -

2.45 1.82 1.82 0.28 0.23 0.05 0.31 -

2.30 1.69 1.69 0.25 0.20 0.04 0.33 -

1.89 1.38 1.38 0.17 0.13 0.04 0.32 -

15.88 45.40 45.37 19.33 9.19 7.25 -

-2.71 -1.86 -1.84 -3.41 -1.79 -5.80 -6.10 -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.04 0.04 -

0.04 0.04 -

0.05 0.05 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.03 0.02 -

0.02 0.03 -

-

-2.39 -2.18 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.202 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

63.11 82.37 90.97

34.26 103.73 77.04

69.22 253.40 c

94.31 250.49 c

112.40 418.02 c

128.53 .. c

94.21 .. c

.. x 102.26 .. 189.24

.. x 180.84 .. 507.59

.. x 115.42 .. 257.44

.. x 168.24 .. 112.77

.. x 367.94 .. 362.36

.. x 326.91 .. c

.. x 330.35 .. 479.29

.. x 268.08 .. 376.03

.. x 343.17 .. 335.39

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

42.89 85.67 89.83

32.89 152.42 107.47

48.82 273.51 c

60.92 247.64 c

68.03 387.23 c

81.87 .. c

62.94 .. c

.. x 91.68 .. 161.07

.. x 151.35 .. 403.32

.. x 120.05 .. 254.20

.. x 247.21 .. 157.32

.. x 397.14 .. 371.32

.. x 323.19 .. c

.. x 306.02 .. 421.50

.. x 261.33 .. 348.00

.. x 350.89 .. 325.57

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.83 0.81 .. .. 0.01

1.20 1.19 1.19 0.01

2.90 2.85 0.01 2.83 0.03 0.03

2.44 2.42 2.42 0.03 -

2.54 2.53 2.53 0.01 0.00

2.21 2.20 2.20 0.01 c

2.45 2.43 2.43 0.02 c

1.98 1.96 1.96 0.02 c

1.51 1.49 1.49 0.01 -

0.10 0.07 .. .. 0.03

0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 -

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.203

IRELAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

565

1918

3081

2858

2747

2321

2562

2061

1572

-

7 6 -

14 2 2 2 5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

3 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

565 6 331 214 -

1911 76 2 65 735 390 329 122

3067 21 430 302 1277 115

2858 118 3 300 101 1031 10

2747 292 176 123 452 -

2321 387 1 235 40 73 36

2562 394 260 81 142 36

2061 241 30 -

1572 2 284 53 -

11 3

5 70 117

7 667 17 71 15 5 140

955 43 226 71

904 327 418 55

322 633 488 106

779 479 294 97

1223 334 233

1092 140 1

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.204 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

IRELAND 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

107.07

101.41

104.63

412.43

355.05

86.14

102.25

794.41

636.94

.. .. .. 100.40 .. .. 106.09 .. ..

.. .. .. .. 98.08 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 97.32 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.79

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.99 95.68

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

69.55 41.76 .. .. 99.09 57.93 .. 36.07 84.69 70.14 .. ..

42.85 36.34 .. .. 83.30 55.28 .. .. 41.55 .. .. ..

125.15 618.20 .. .. 177.54 .. .. .. 85.73 .. .. ..

143.08 142.53 .. .. 256.72 .. 123.41 .. 126.72 .. .. ..

70.76 .. .. .. 98.25 62.06 82.52 72.99 85.34 81.51 .. ..

74.91 84.49 .. .. 114.10 .. .. .. 64.62 713.45 .. ..

101.78 .. .. .. 149.15 .. .. .. 70.73 .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

148.41 .. .. .. 234.09 69.93 .. 233.72 100.80 .. .. ..

116.63 .. .. .. 211.92 74.57 .. .. 108.11 .. ..

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.205

ISRAEL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 80000

35

70000

30

60000 25 50000 20

40000

15

30000

10

20000

5

10000 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 70

80

60

70 60

50

50 40 40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.206 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ISRAEL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

11.09 0.00 11.03 0.06 0.00 -0.01 -

11.18 0.00 11.00 0.19 0.00 -0.02 -

16.39 3.27 12.63 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.51 -0.06 -

26.07 9.25 16.12 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.85 -0.18 -

31.88 11.13 15.28 4.38 0.01 0.00 1.52 -0.45 -

30.78 10.61 14.22 4.88 0.04 0.00 1.49 -0.46 -

31.30 10.19 13.81 6.24 0.03 0.00 1.49 -0.46 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.33 54.87 0.80 -2.70 13.01 -

3.37 6.40 0.63 28.70 12.44 11.06 5.78 11.78 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 38 0.29 3.3 3.36 138.5 0.1 64.2 9 ..

1980 49 0.23 3.9 2.87 109.9 0.0 72.8 12 ..

1990 70 0.23 4.7 3.51 111.4 62.5 83.5 21 56.6

2000 125 0.21 6.3 4.15 100.0 100.0 100.0 43 100.0

2008 161 0.20 7.3 4.36 94.8 93.2 96.0 57 127.0

2009 162 0.19 7.4 4.14 90.8 88.2 90.6 55 119.4

2010e 170 0.18 7.6 4.13 88.2 81.0 .. 57 128.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.64 4.49 -1.27 -1.07 2.07 2.47 0.25 0.88 -1.27 -1.07 49.43 1.83 1.56 0.43 5.28 5.23 4.01

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

0.03 -

0.04 -

0.04 -

0.04 -

0.05 -

-

2.03 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

0.30 -

0.39 -

0.43 -

0.44 -

0.46 -

-

2.03 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.207

ISRAEL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

5.16 0.00 4.15 0.06 0.00 0.93 -

6.45 0.00 4.91 0.19 0.00 1.35 -

9.95 0.02 7.15 0.04 0.00 0.51 2.23 -

17.11 0.03 11.48 0.01 0.01 0.85 4.74 -

19.65 12.87 0.01 1.07 5.69 -

20.12 12.72 0.01 1.52 5.87 -

20.22 12.90 0.24 0.02 1.48 5.58 -

3.94 10.95 3.24 -2.70 5.26 -

3.80 3.15 9.80 7.47 5.77 4.94 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

1.56 0.00 1.27 0.28 -

1.73 0.00 1.30 0.43 -

2.05 0.02 1.38 0.00 0.65 -

2.12 0.03 0.81 1.28 -

1.60 0.10 1.51 -

1.63 0.09 1.54 -

1.61 0.08 0.24 1.29 -

1.63 10.95 0.50 5.00 -

-1.26 -14.02 26.17 3.69 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.65 1.65 -

1.98 1.98 -

3.16 3.16 -

4.82 4.82 -

8.17 8.17 -

8.05 8.05 -

8.19 8.19 -

3.90 3.90 -

5.14 5.14 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.41 0.14 -

0.56 0.19 0.00

1.89 0.72 0.00

3.47 1.19 -

4.28 1.36 -

4.77 1.38 -

4.75 1.40 -

9.32 9.98 -

4.98 3.60 -

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 0.27 -

0.00 0.37 0.38 -

0.00 0.51 0.65 0.63 -

0.01 0.85 1.42 1.44 -

0.01 1.07 1.85 1.81 -

0.01 1.52 1.87 1.90 -

0.01 1.48 1.86 1.92 -

5.38 -

1.94 5.77 5.65 6.04 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.40 0.33 0.06

0.38 0.93 0.75 0.19

0.63 1.05 1.02 0.04

1.44 2.40 2.40 0.01

1.81 1.55 1.55 -

1.90 1.65 1.65 -

1.92 1.74 1.74 -

5.92 6.81 -3.16

6.04 2.68 2.88 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.208 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ISRAEL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

0.0 -0.0

0.0 3.5 -0.2

0.0 8.6 0.6

0.0 10.9 0.1

0.0 10.6 0.0

0.0 10.1 -

55.4 x

2.0 6.0 x

Primary supply

0.0

0.0

3.3

9.2

11.1

10.6

10.2

54.9

6.4

Statistical difference

-

0.0

-0.0

-0.3

-0.2

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

0.0

0.0

-3.2

-8.9

-10.9

-10.6

..

-

6.4

-

-

-3.2 -3.2 -

-8.9 -8.9 -0.0

-10.9 -10.9 -0.0

-10.6 -10.6 -0.0

.. .. ..

-

6.4 6.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

11.0

-

Industry(5)

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 -

0.0 -

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

11.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.209

ISRAEL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

-

3.72 3.70 3.70 0.02 0.02 -

10.59 10.22 10.22 0.03 0.03 -

12.12 12.69 12.69 -

13.29 13.36 13.36 -

12.94 12.67 12.67 -

12.32 12.31 12.31 -

-

6.51 6.53 6.53 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.30 0.30 0.30 -

0.39 0.46 0.27 0.18 -

0.43 0.43 0.26 0.17 -

0.43 0.43 0.26 0.17 -

0.43 0.43 0.43 -

0.44 0.44 0.44 -

-

2.03 2.03 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.210 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ISRAEL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

169.74 436.68 137.98

165.17 297.57 144.90

130.46 361.89 186.63

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x c c c

x x c c c

x x c c c

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Israeli sheqel / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

452.03 2146.89 635.96

481.81 1602.52 731.57

361.56 1851.54 895.18

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x .. .. ..

x x c c c

x x c c c

x x c c c

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.00 .. .. 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.48 3.48 3.48 -

8.62 8.62 8.62 -

11.03 11.03 11.03 -

11.58 11.58 11.58 -

10.94 10.94 10.94 -

10.57 10.57 10.57 -

10.14 10.14 10.14 -

.. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.211

ISRAEL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

-

3063

3998

7090

9917

13490

12774

12316

11823

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3063 -

3998 -

7090 -

9917 -

13490 -

12774 -

12316 -

11823 516 -

-

3063

3998

7090

9917

13490

12774

12316

3194 2826 874 4413

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.212 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ITALY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

300

180 250

160 140

200

120 100

150

80 100

60 40

50

20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 500

350

450

300

400 250

350 300

200

250 150

200

100

150 100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.213

ITALY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

170.17 11.57 129.00 20.32 0.35 1.17 4.61 3.05 0.11 -

186.91 16.69 126.05 32.46 1.31 0.82 5.56 3.28 0.75 -

209.37 20.90 119.03 55.70 1.34 3.89 4.24 0.01 4.26 -

2000 245.03 17.94 124.08 82.75 3.22 5.43 6.08 0.09 e 5.45 -

2008

2009

2010e

251.52 23.26 103.51 99.29 7.63 5.11 7.08 0.72 4.92 -

235.19 18.21 96.23 91.26 10.04 6.04 6.86 1.01 5.52 -

243.10 19.91 94.71 97.06 11.54 6.21 6.88 1.39 5.40 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.23 3.54 -0.47 6.11 8.27 -1.00 1.97 24.13 -

0.61 -0.72 -1.11 2.63 11.17 2.35 2.56 29.31 1.38 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 576 0.30 54.8 3.11 132.4 122.9 85.9 144 62.7

1980 739 0.25 56.4 3.31 113.3 138.1 86.9 183 77.6

1990 938 0.22 56.7 3.69 100.0 136.3 92.0 213 86.5

2000 1097 0.22 56.9 4.30 100.0 100.0 100.0 270 100.0

2008 1172 0.21 59.8 4.20 96.1 121.4 106.1 314 97.5

2009 1111 0.21 60.2 3.91 94.8 100.3 105.0 288 79.7

2010e 1125 0.22 60.0 4.05 96.8 108.2 .. 295 83.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.91 0.90 -1.64 -0.28 0.21 0.31 1.02 0.30 -1.64 -0.28 0.61 -1.60 0.40 0.70 2.34 1.60 1.91 -0.43

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 0.43 -

0.46 -

0.05 0.34 -

0.00 -

0.11 -

0.07 -

0.09 -

20.81 -1.89 -

1.23 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 1.20 -

1.29 -

0.06 0.96 -

0.01 -

0.12 -

0.07 -

0.10 -

20.81 -1.89 -

1.14 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.214 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

137.94 5.26 99.91 17.65 15.12 -

146.04 5.45 91.71 28.18 1.06 19.63 -

164.20 5.10 87.79 43.42 1.23 0.29 0.01 26.37 -

184.05 3.83 88.99 55.11 2.25 0.30 0.02 33.54 -

191.03 3.45 89.25 52.84 2.73 0.30 0.07 38.00 4.39

189.05 3.03 86.09 53.30 3.69 0.30 0.10 38.00 4.53

179.39 1.58 79.55 52.32 5.47 0.30 0.12 35.63 4.42

1.03 -0.18 -0.76 5.44 3.33 -

0.47 -5.99 -0.52 0.99 8.15 0.31 16.29 1.60 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

55.80 3.80 30.18 12.34 9.48 -

51.20 4.26 22.30 12.92 0.17 11.55 -

48.70 4.70 11.54 18.52 0.31 13.63 -

54.64 3.49 9.57 23.74 0.41 17.43 -

52.37 3.20 8.86 17.96 0.35 17.96 4.05

50.16 2.79 9.01 16.14 0.49 17.40 4.33

41.32 1.43 6.18 14.13 0.56 14.82 4.20

-0.80 1.25 -5.50 2.42 2.16 -

-0.86 -6.07 -3.23 -1.41 3.11 0.44 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

27.09 0.21 26.24 0.18

34.79 0.00 33.83 0.37

46.72 45.60 0.30

56.70 55.19 0.47

60.45 58.28 0.69

58.10 54.91 0.78

55.84 52.00 0.86

3.26 3.30 3.13

0.94 0.69 5.73

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.46 38.26 1.25 28.65 5.13

0.59 41.38 1.19 22.71 11.94

0.83 37.23 0.40 13.31 16.16

1.05 39.23 0.10 8.58 21.38

0.20 1.28 38.84 0.01 5.60 22.77

1.08 1.33 38.96 0.01 5.63 22.87

1.69 1.29 40.97 0.01 5.41 24.02

3.44 -0.16 -6.45 -4.41 6.98

2.39 0.51 -20.27 -4.62 2.11

0.88 0.01 6.48 11.68 0.75 6.01

1.65 0.02 7.51 16.29 1.37 7.96

1.94 0.07 8.26 0.19 21.47 1.42 10.10

1.89 0.10 8.40 0.06 24.09 1.50 12.32

2.86 0.12 8.47 0.07 23.94 1.19 12.30

4.18 10.25 3.20 -

6.43 16.29 1.42 3.85 2.52 3.84

4.92 14.89 12.50 2.40

6.95 12.04 0.24 10.41 1.40

9.81 0.14 12.76 0.24 11.43 1.10

10.17 0.11 12.73 0.23 11.50 0.99

10.36 0.09 12.13 0.14 11.17 0.81

6.14 1.37 0.32 -

4.00 -1.08 -0.59 -5.55

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.23 2.22 0.44 1.79 11.83 11.83 -

0.90 e 4.65 3.10 0.58 2.52 12.42 9.48 2.94

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.215

ITALY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.4 11.7 -0.6 0.1

0.5 17.4 -0.7 -0.4

0.4 19.8 -0.2 0.9

0.0 18.9 -0.1 -0.8

0.1 23.9 -0.2 -0.5

0.1 18.0 -0.3 0.4

0.1 20.7 -0.3 -0.6

-0.5 3.2 -6.5 x

-9.0 -0.5 1.6 x

Primary supply

11.6

16.7

20.9

17.9

23.3

18.2

19.9

3.5

-0.7

0.1

0.0

0.2

-0.5

-0.6

-0.5

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-4.2 e

-9.1 e

-14.7

-13.2 e

-19.5 e

-16.1 e

..

7.6

0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.9 -1.9 -

-6.0 -4.9 -1.1

-11.4 -10.2 -1.3

-9.6 -9.6 ..

-16.6 -16.5 -0.0

-14.4 -14.4 -0.0

.. .. ..

11.1 10.4 -

1.2 1.8 -22.8

0.7

0.7

0.3

0.0

-

-

..

-4.9

-

-3.0 e -2.2 e -0.8 -

-3.8 e -2.2 e -1.6 0.0

-3.5 -2.3 -1.2 -

-3.7 e -2.1 e -1.6 -

-3.0 e -2.0 e -1.0 -

-1.7 e -1.2 e -0.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.0 0.3 2.4 -

-3.8 -3.2 -5.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-1.7

-2.0

-1.2

-0.4

-0.1

-0.1

..

-1.9

-14.4

Losses

-0.5

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption

5.3

5.5

5.1

3.8

3.0

1.6

..

-0.2

-6.0

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.8 2.8 0.3 0.2 -

4.3 2.9 0.2 0.5 0.0

4.7 2.9 0.2 1.3 0.0

3.5 2.7 e 0.0 0.5 0.0

2.8 1.9 e 0.0 0.9 -

1.4 1.2 e 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.3 0.4 -1.0 11.3 -

-6.1 -4.4 -18.3 -10.5 -

Transport(6)

0.2

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.2 1.2

1.2 1.2

0.4 0.4

0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-6.4 -6.4

-20.3 -20.3

-

-

-

0.2

0.2

0.1

..

-

-

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.216 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2.51 2.07 2.02 0.05 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.07 -

12.69 10.78 10.77 0.02 0.17 1.68 0.22 0.00 1.40 0.06 0.06 -

11.36 9.53 9.53 0.94 0.88 0.26 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.08 0.00 -

18.61 16.38 16.22 0.16 1.15 1.07 0.52 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.01 -

18.92 16.96 16.90 0.06 0.79 1.16 0.24 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.01 -

18.99 16.92 16.90 0.02 0.89 1.17 0.22 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.01 -

15.78 14.65 14.64 0.01 0.73 0.40 0.22 0.00 0.17 0.01 0.01 -

14.46 14.77 14.97 -8.42 15.08 19.30 -9.91 17.56 -1.12 -1.87 -

1.15 1.63 1.63 -2.44 7.94 -7.31 -1.50 -10.42 -11.57 -11.33 -

9.91 9.90 -

8.63 8.61 -

6.66 6.38 0.23

5.63 5.06 0.22

6.20 5.91 0.23

5.93 5.65 0.22

3.59 3.39 0.14

-1.14 -1.15 -

-4.52 -4.78 -

1.27 1.20 1.20 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

1.09 1.06 1.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.59 0.58 0.58 0.01 0.01 -

-1.27 -1.07 -1.07 -0.49 -2.55 5.02 1503.17 -

-3.22 -3.12 -3.12 -7.84 -1.31 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.217

ITALY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

41.32 62.53 63.55

57.37 132.16 134.63

67.72 98.15 90.90

c c c

79.24 c c

100.83 c c

169.04 c c

122.09 c c

127.81 c c

70.05 69.79 63.44 .. 64.94

56.68 69.57 132.49 .. 134.95

58.84 64.88 136.94 .. 122.20

43.46 53.26 161.05 155.19 c

78.59 117.95 .. 311.73 353.23

97.48 124.19 .. 345.19 381.96

163.22 199.90 .. 469.07 502.82

129.51 152.00 .. 346.16 433.75

127.19 185.72 .. 425.43 375.67

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

16.03 37.56 35.79

22.46 80.11 76.51

37.13 83.32 72.34

c c c

54.13 c c

62.04 c c

95.80 c c

74.07 c c

81.33 c c

27.01 29.04 38.11 .. 36.57

22.05 29.21 80.31 .. 76.69

32.06 38.15 116.25 .. 97.25

41.51 54.90 239.64 230.93 c

55.14 89.31 .. 340.73 361.96

62.64 86.12 .. 345.59 358.50

98.28 129.90 .. 440.01 442.20

82.06 103.94 .. 341.72 401.42

84.53 133.21 .. 440.50 364.67

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

11.67 11.48 .. .. 0.04 0.15

17.39 17.22 12.03 5.20 0.04 0.13

19.83 19.67 9.14 10.53 0.05 0.11

18.90 18.39 7.61 10.78 0.00 0.51

23.95 23.24 6.33 16.91 0.00 0.71

24.00 23.58 6.65 16.93 0.00 0.42

23.91 23.68 6.42 17.26 0.00 0.23

18.01 17.64 3.39 14.25 0.37 -

20.68 20.27 5.36 14.91 0.39 0.02

0.63 .. .. 0.63

0.75 0.75

0.20 0.20

0.12 0.00 0.00 0.12

0.22 0.22

0.21 0.21

0.24 0.24

0.27 0.27

0.31 0.01 0.01 0.30

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.218 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

ITALY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

12458

22213

20445

18485

19015

24953

25099

18914

21508

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

10007 1347 2537 1525 3027 -

10248 1973 12 1734 839 5541 -

8648 1045 212 804 158 6236 12

7052 2002 1090 17 3868 -

7198 2463 1280 3281 -

6289 2135 1084 98 2972 -

6071 2093 984 2971 -

3204 733 423 1922 -

5067 1896 865 2306 -

1036 535

112 37

15 131 35

11 64 -

174 -

-

23 -

46 80

-

2451 1437 52 -

11965 260 1150 3518 26

11797 109 507 4800 148

11433 1120 110 1 360 4681 3

11817 1141 1 912 4 -

18664 951 81 662

19028 830 283 1646

15710 306 200 1117

16441 598 461 995

960 2

180 6641 150 40

310 290 4884 609 140 -

479 148 31 3487 689 22 302 -

369 1759 1919 3548 993 56 1115 -

2112 7885 5178 803 577 340 75

2429 7212 4596 892 633 396 111

2305 5977 4054 882 431 110 328

1761 6426 3919 1379 89 98 715

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.219

ITALY 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

61.39

57.69

50.55

103.02

112.05

118.05

188.97

144.59

176.04

57.32 57.65 .. 64.68 62.37 .. 68.24 .. 54.53

52.91 57.67 .. 62.38 62.18 .. .. 49.38 45.76

46.44 48.02 .. .. 56.50 .. 46.42 40.62 ..

111.81 119.76 .. 128.50 113.75 .. 87.23 74.08 77.71

130.25 137.04 .. 114.32 126.23 .. .. 67.51 78.34

126.24 131.04 488.51 476.51 132.19 .. 87.00 101.09 86.60

240.02 232.32 752.71 .. 165.11 .. .. 159.46 150.61

242.48 216.35 .. .. 148.53 .. 77.81 .. 88.18

226.56 198.18 .. .. 191.47 .. 95.05 113.18 106.58

69.16 .. 588.70 .. 67.12 873.35 .. 74.47 70.07 74.14 .. ..

86.00 .. 427.07 .. 111.14 .. .. 82.16 92.44 93.36 .. ..

143.68 163.91 311.61 .. 440.45 158.43 .. .. 153.17 160.60 .. ..

113.67 216.33 481.07 .. 565.39 88.49 .. 131.32 115.16 103.87 .. ..

112.42 154.63 478.93 .. 528.54 111.33 .. 111.83 104.65 160.05 ..

51.84 50.48 .. 45.90 .. 2798.99 .. .. 58.63 51.68 56.62 54.54 47.34 51.34 56.10 53.06 44.39 44.85 42.54 45.77 .. .. .. ..

37.92 73.20 37.05 .. .. 1441.74 .. .. 35.99 125.35 47.06 81.23 31.19 .. 40.67 72.04 37.26 74.49 36.92 74.31 .. .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.220 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 180

800

160

700

140

600

120 500

100

400

80

300

60

200

40

100

20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 180

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 1200

1400

1000

1200 1000

800

800 600 600 400

400

200

200 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.221

JAPAN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

457.67 82.66 355.61 7.25 3.61 8.20 0.33 -

492.18 85.08 333.83 30.57 30.75 10.85 1.11 -

627.59 109.45 357.74 63.09 7.12 75.30 10.97 2.25 1.67 -

2000

2008

2009

2010e

741.35 138.37 364.59 93.79 8.35 119.90 10.72 4.43 1.21 e -

707.93 162.35 305.46 119.59 10.03 96.10 9.39 3.67 1.33 e -

674.27 144.72 286.31 115.23 9.39 104.15 9.24 3.84 1.40 e -

706.99 165.17 288.81 122.79 8.88 107.31 9.11 3.53 1.39 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.87 1.67 0.04 13.57 19.56 1.72 11.95 -

0.38 1.48 -1.17 3.22 1.47 1.72 -0.90 2.85 -0.93 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 2091 0.22 108.9 4.20 137.8 133.4 98.2 465 56.6

1980 2638 0.19 117.1 4.20 117.5 108.8 96.2 573 66.9

1990 4150 0.15 123.6 5.08 95.2 89.0 89.3 836 98.5

2000 4667 0.16 126.9 5.84 100.0 100.0 100.0 1049 100.0

2008 5140 0.14 127.5 5.55 86.7 106.5 93.0 1075 105.5

2009 4872 0.14 127.3 5.30 87.1 100.2 94.8 1041 83.0

2010e 5064 0.14 126.9 5.57 87.9 110.0 .. 1071 95.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.12 0.85 -2.15 -0.47 0.75 0.16 1.12 0.22 -2.15 -0.47 -2.35 0.63 -0.56 0.31 3.50 1.16 3.31 -0.89

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

8.72 7.23 0.02 -

7.28 8.28 0.02 -

6.38 -

2.20 -

-

-

-

-1.04 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

8.66 9.99 0.04 -

6.94 11.08 0.03 -

7.98 -

2.96 -

-

-

-

-1.85 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.222 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

334.26 34.39 244.37 4.45 51.00 0.04

331.27 36.07 223.65 8.34 63.06 0.15

428.68 46.16 262.85 21.77 3.75 0.11 1.67 92.09 0.29

493.03 38.68 299.36 33.00 3.80 0.32 1.15 115.94 0.77

488.96 45.42 265.86 47.62 3.94 0.29 0.73 124.24 0.86

456.10 40.31 245.02 46.58 3.65 0.29 0.70 118.73 0.82

447.97 36.88 245.17 46.04 3.34 0.29 0.70 114.77 0.80

1.47 1.75 0.43 9.79 3.54 12.32

0.23 -1.17 -0.37 4.02 -0.61 5.07 -4.49 1.17 5.55

149.84 26.64 85.06 2.34 35.80 -

130.33 30.60 56.41 3.05 40.27 -

146.92 44.21 52.38 5.28 3.60 41.44 -

142.50 37.31 49.72 7.30 3.74 44.43 -

139.21 44.09 37.22 11.07 3.90 42.92 -

123.94 39.01 32.95 10.62 3.61 37.75 -

117.32 35.68 34.57 10.58 3.30 33.19 -

-0.12 3.02 -2.81 4.91 0.86 -

-1.18 -1.12 -2.16 3.72 -0.45 -1.16 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

58.22 0.29 56.31 -

77.11 75.24 -

102.50 100.44 -

125.62 123.34 -

115.94 113.62 -

111.19 108.88 -

108.70 106.31 -

3.38 3.46 -

0.31 0.30 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.63 29.89 6.12 12.50 1.54

1.87 36.76 4.51 13.82 4.18

2.07 54.27 0.09 19.26 10.50

2.28 69.46 23.70 12.85

2.32 70.23 20.43 13.27

2.31 67.71 18.85 12.95

2.39 66.99 18.19 12.91

1.42 3.57 -21.76 2.57 11.96

0.77 1.11 -0.30 1.09

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

9.73 28.86 1.28 23.29 0.55

14.26 29.06 0.97 20.36 1.08

0.15 1.61 22.62 0.04 65.73 1.28 32.77 5.56

0.07 1.12 31.68 0.04 88.38 0.87 36.67 12.58

0.03 0.70 35.75 0.05 96.98 0.77 29.58 22.73

0.03 0.67 35.16 0.05 95.19 0.75 27.83 22.51

0.03 0.67 35.14 0.04 92.18 0.73 24.79 22.11

5.09 4.96 -0.02 2.03 14.63

-7.64 -4.49 2.34 0.14 1.80 -2.88 -1.46 7.54

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.70 0.04 52.68 52.68 -

6.51 0.15 40.61 40.61 -

0.06 0.06 25.76 0.24 49.35 0.57 48.35 0.43

0.18 0.03 37.31 0.73 59.30 0.50 58.54 0.26

0.17 0.03 42.90 0.81 60.38 0.56 59.27 0.55

0.16 0.03 43.13 0.77 52.56 0.56 51.50 0.50

0.16 0.03 43.60 0.75 57.14 0.47 56.24 0.44

12.09 11.22 -0.38 -0.50 -

5.06 -4.71 2.81 6.15 0.77 -1.05 0.80 0.07

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.223

JAPAN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

25.6 59.0 -0.6 -1.3

15.6 70.0 -2.1 1.6

6.4 104.9 -1.9 0.1

2.2 139.0 -2.7 -0.2

164.3 -1.0 -1.0

145.5 -1.2 0.4

165.8 -0.7 -

-7.8 3.4 7.3 x

1.7 -2.7 x

Primary supply

82.7

85.1

109.5

138.4

162.3

144.7

165.2

1.7

1.5

Statistical difference

-2.5

-1.9

2.0

-1.9

-8.6

0.9

..

x

x

Total transformation

-41.2 e

-43.4 e

-61.9 e

-94.5 e

-109.2 e

-104.6 e

..

2.4

2.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-17.1 -17.1 -

-15.0 -11.5 -3.6

-36.3 -29.2 -7.1

-69.1 -57.5 -11.6

-86.6 -74.8 -11.8

-83.1 -71.5 -11.6

.. .. ..

4.5 3.2 -

4.5 4.8 2.6

3.4

4.7

-0.6

-0.3

-

-

..

-

-

-27.5 e -24.5 e -3.0 -0.0

-33.1 e -20.1 e -13.1 0.1

-25.0 e -24.7 e -0.3 -0.0

-25.2 e -25.6 e 0.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.6 0.0 -12.6 -9.7

-0.8 -1.0 6.5 -

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-22.6 e -22.7 e 0.1 -

-21.5 e -20.5 e -1.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.4

-3.4

-3.4

-3.2

-4.2

-4.2

..

-1.5

1.0

Losses

-0.1

-0.3

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

(4)

Final consumption

34.4

36.1

46.2

38.7

40.3

36.9

..

1.7

-1.2

Industry(5)

26.6 23.2 e -

30.6 23.0 e 0.4 4.3 0.1

44.2 17.8 e 3.9 8.2 1.6

37.3 15.8 e 3.9 7.0 2.0

39.0 17.4 e 4.3 6.0 2.1

35.7 15.9 e 4.0 5.1 2.1

.. .. .. .. ..

3.0 -1.5 -

-1.1 -0.6 0.2 -2.4 1.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.3

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

7.5 1.3 6.1

5.5 1.0 4.5

1.4 1.3 0.1

0.9 0.9 -

0.8 0.8 -

0.7 0.7 -

.. .. ..

-9.5 -0.0 -21.8

-3.2 -2.9 -

-

-

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.5

..

-

-1.0

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.224 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

11.08 8.57 8.57 0.34 0.08 0.07 2.52 0.23 0.19 0.71 0.05 1.35 0.58 -

50.03 31.05 26.54 4.52 0.11 5.89 14.83 1.54 2.42 8.12 1.90 0.86 0.67 0.02

96.11 64.88 57.37 7.52 11.46 16.13 2.58 3.57 7.20 2.32 0.46 0.92 -

120.44 92.29 83.53 8.76 11.65 16.67 3.50 3.89 6.45 2.45 0.38 0.83 -

128.80 94.35 85.19 9.16 12.57 17.53 4.01 4.32 6.39 2.45 0.36 0.82 -

126.82 90.25 81.21 9.04 10.55 16.24 3.31 4.04 6.31 2.46 0.12 0.80 -

111.54 86.36 77.45 8.91 9.44 14.68 2.77 3.94 5.41 2.46 0.11 0.78 -

13.38 11.32 9.87 -9.34 43.53 15.91 17.29 23.68 22.52 36.33 -3.72 1.32 -

4.31 5.53 5.80 3.64 2.52 -0.05 3.14 2.59 -2.11 1.37 -10.42 0.77 -

58.72 55.12 4.45 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 -

64.93 59.33 5.25 -

57.08 45.97 10.94 -

56.53 47.80 10.44 -

58.21 47.18 11.59 -

57.58 46.06 9.71 -

52.51 44.04 8.63 -

0.84 0.61 -

-1.11 -1.56 2.65 -

0.04 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.225

JAPAN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

90.58 79.83 73.11

90.23 182.50 152.09

101.84 151.02 129.99

51.42 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

71.23 72.47 82.50 .. 302.48

74.99 73.35 195.69 .. 349.02

70.53 68.03 136.92 .. 320.89

45.68 45.29 163.49 219.96 351.99

87.10 112.09 332.48 411.46 338.69

97.98 108.07 352.98 423.59 353.13

167.62 220.66 566.22 689.53 ..

151.91 207.53 .. 426.31 ..

144.06 171.25 .. 541.35 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Yen / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15.170 23.040 19.780

16.280 56.740 44.330

11.736 29.990 24.200

4.413 .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

11.930 14.290 23.810 .. 81.840

13.530 15.580 60.840 .. 101.730

8.128 9.230 27.190 .. 59.740

3.920 4.576 24.177 32.528 48.800

8.066 12.220 53.052 65.655 50.665

9.183 11.925 57.006 68.409 53.466

13.792 21.377 80.285 97.769 ..

11.313 18.196 .. 54.706 ..

10.062 14.082 .. 65.155 ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

58.99 58.99 .. .. -

69.99 69.99 65.25 4.74 -

104.88 104.37 68.37 36.00 0.51

139.00 136.41 54.60 81.81 2.60

160.43 158.44 55.35 103.08 1.99

167.34 165.16 55.87 109.29 2.18

164.28 162.86 55.27 107.59 1.41

145.47 145.04 50.40 94.64 0.43

165.83 164.81 55.36 109.45 1.01

0.58 .. .. 0.58

2.06 0.06 0.03 0.02 2.01

1.93 0.00 0.00 1.93

2.67 0.00 0.00 2.66

1.97 0.00 0.00 1.97

1.39 0.00 0.00 1.39

0.95 0.00 0.00 0.95

1.16 0.00 0.00 1.15

0.65 0.65

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.226 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

JAPAN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

52858

93449

106918

127354

150340

187004

184402

164051

186637

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

50876 24149 10895 398 429 9956 11

69242 30116 17221 12829 401

64935 34505 11290 7367 225

59799 31470 8756 5217 291

57081 34757 5292 1422 367

58205 36526 3603 1 138

57584 36144 3254 586 202

52514 33869 3057 377 139

57680 32703 6269 2591 382

420 2360 2244 14

1211 103 4586 2775 -

2802 153 668 2955 4950 20

4255 52 4585 2741 2394 38

6774 5677 603 2104 27 58

3638 9 10659 134 3491 6

3286 10 11021 48 2961 72

1521 10 10690 181 2664 6

665 24 13059 1939 48

1982 668 105 -

24207 14138 780 960 14

41983 21346 6920 4516 138

67555 33967 9448 5630 315

93259 55147 8297 2230 575

128799 78045 7625 2 291

126818 77234 6872 1238 426

111537 69754 6253 767 282

128957 85877 2654 429 -

513 157 149 390

2427 306 4091 1020 157 314

2504 94 409 2003 3402 150 501

5856 56 4948 2958 2656 1273 448

12470 8908 945 3300 944 443

9942 19 22559 283 7750 2270 13

9295 21 23276 101 6656 1528 171

4487 20 21733 367 6176 1684 14

6288 139 21480 344 10155 1591 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.227

JAPAN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

60.72

55.03

39.46

88.80

93.10

88.43

184.13

163.82

151.45

55.27 71.27 x x 66.90 54.38 59.34 50.11 57.45

51.15 64.49 x x 61.37 49.49 48.26 49.54 54.81

39.01 45.46 x x 52.69 37.12 37.31 39.99 43.62

96.44 106.05 .. .. 159.01 100.45 x x 114.96

106.20 125.68 .. .. 159.35 91.98 88.35 x 116.69

96.03 112.61 .. .. 516.32 100.91 x x 105.45

206.71 234.34 .. .. 308.56 256.42 .. x 250.90

191.58 220.94 x x 241.65 138.99 120.75 x 190.54

170.10 191.97 x x 208.24 154.71 x x 185.00

50.97 52.23 48.26 x x 53.17 47.59 x 47.95 46.54 .. ..

47.85 48.87 44.20 x x 52.65 44.48 x 48.27 43.45 .. ..

63.33 63.90 56.32 .. .. 596.68 63.88 x x 62.20 .. ..

70.92 71.03 66.04 .. .. 553.99 73.60 100.34 77.46 72.28 .. ..

125.42 127.23 125.52 .. .. 151.26 124.10 x 105.49 121.34 .. ..

111.12 111.87 103.84 x x 47.12 118.18 x 87.62 101.62 .. ..

110.40 111.12 107.80 x x 84.43 112.29 118.01 107.07 106.42 ..

34.59 34.59 34.72 190.61 x 45.49 33.69 x 35.82 30.68 .. ..

62.73 61.90 63.79 .. .. x 65.65 x 80.64 66.10 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.228 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

KOREA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 900

400

800

350

700

300

600 250

500

200

400

150

300

100

200

50

100 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 100

120

90 100

80 70

80

60 50

60

40 40

30 20

20

10 0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.229

KOREA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

30.78 11.61 19.01 0.16 -

58.87 19.26 38.07 1.29 0.24 -

132.98 36.51 71.05 3.89 1.04 19.69 0.78 0.01 -

2000 268.68 59.81 141.49 24.29 1.97 40.57 0.49 0.06 e -

2008

2009

2010e

324.21 89.67 128.03 45.44 4.28 56.20 0.38 0.02 0.13 0.06

327.40 92.63 129.42 45.29 4.35 55.01 0.35 0.03 0.21 0.10

352.17 103.40 134.44 53.50 4.61 55.32 0.45 0.05 0.28 0.10

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 8.99 6.97 8.06 9.87 -

4.86 5.02 3.21 13.79 7.80 5.56 -4.20 15.14 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 64 0.48 34.1 0.90 95.3 161.5 40.5 15 ..

1980 112 0.53 38.1 1.54 104.3 153.3 59.2 37 14.2

1990 283 0.47 42.9 3.10 93.2 114.9 67.5 105 42.7

2000 533 0.50 47.0 5.72 100.0 100.0 100.0 289 100.0

2008 751 0.43 48.6 6.67 85.7 106.4 107.8 444 161.2

2009 753 0.43 48.7 6.72 86.3 109.7 109.2 452 161.1

2010e 799 0.44 48.8 7.22 87.5 115.4 .. 478 187.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 9.13 5.28 -0.13 -0.40 1.35 0.68 7.53 4.15 -0.13 -0.40 -1.98 -0.24 3.05 2.56 12.23 7.96 7.24

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

11.35 -

11.71 -

10.82 -

5.10 -

1.82 -

1.66 -

1.37 -

-0.39 -

-9.41 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

18.05 -

18.63 -

17.22 -

8.30 -

2.77 -

2.52 -

2.08 -

-0.39 -

-9.62 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.230 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

24.98 9.26 14.14 1.58 -

44.70 13.92 26.76 4.02 -

92.72 16.74 62.37 0.96 1.04 0.01 11.60 -

181.57 12.95 114.11 15.61 1.82 0.06 32.33 4.70

210.14 12.79 115.45 24.01 3.22 0.02 0.04 48.06 6.56

209.84 14.26 111.10 25.11 3.47 0.02 0.04 49.09 6.74

211.17 11.69 113.85 25.88 3.49 0.03 0.04 49.84 6.34

8.02 3.54 9.12 12.46 -

4.43 -1.87 3.22 18.92 6.57 6.10 7.98 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

9.17 0.56 7.52 1.09 -

14.73 1.92 10.01 2.79 -

27.52 4.36 15.55 0.10 0.41 7.10 -

54.95 12.14 15.68 4.11 1.51 18.48 3.04

59.44 10.81 10.43 6.73 2.55 0.00 0.00 24.64 4.28

60.75 12.12 9.23 7.81 2.70 0.00 0.00 24.61 4.28

57.08 9.87 8.33 8.05 2.49 0.00 0.00 24.49 3.86

6.68 12.88 4.36 11.67 -

3.92 4.39 -3.23 25.71 10.00 6.73 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.57 0.02 3.54 -

6.83 0.00 6.78 -

20.82 20.69 -

37.52 37.27 -

43.16 41.92 0.82

41.19 39.68 1.02

41.82 39.96 1.28

10.93 10.95 -

3.74 3.52 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.02 8.85 8.55 e 0.10 -

0.05 13.23 11.85 e 0.72 -

0.12 18.49 12.34 e 2.74 0.66 e

0.25 21.48 0.81 e 5.54 8.90

0.11 0.30 26.36 1.43 4.44 11.75

0.21 0.27 26.85 1.50 4.50 11.76

0.31 0.27 26.63 1.28 4.19 11.81

12.93 4.43 2.18 21.34 -

4.11 1.94 -11.26 2.27 16.36

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.19 1.27 0.14 0.86 -

0.65 3.64 0.14 e 3.00 -

0.56 0.01 2.18 12.42 0.04 e 10.09 0.19 e

0.09 0.05 4.56 1.53 24.59 13.25 2.58

0.06 0.03 6.66 1.99 26.22 5.21 4.71

0.04 0.00 0.03 6.91 2.10 26.42 4.73 4.50

0.03 0.00 0.03 7.09 2.20 27.44 4.85 4.75

15.43 14.33 -7.29 15.56 -

-13.62 7.48 6.40 4.26 -3.78 18.33

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.27 1.62 1.62 -

0.50 4.37 4.37 -

0.07 0.01 2.01 9.61 9.61 -

0.22 0.01 8.39 0.14 35.76 35.76 -

0.49 0.02 0.01 15.51 0.29 49.43 0.55 48.88 -

0.52 0.02 0.01 16.28 0.37 49.68 0.63 49.04 -

0.65 0.03 0.01 16.88 0.28 52.87 0.54 52.33 -

12.47 11.04 11.04 -

12.15 3.34 11.84 9.39 9.33 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.231

KOREA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce) 1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

11.7 5.0 e 2.6 e

10.8 22.5 e 3.2

5.1 55.9 e -1.2

1.8 87.9 -0.0

1.7 89.9 1.1

1.4 104.2 -2.1

0.8 23.2 x

-9.4 7.6 x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.5 0.6 -0.2 1.6

Primary supply

11.6

19.3

36.5

59.8

89.7

92.6

103.4

7.0

5.0

Statistical difference

-0.0

-0.4

1.2

4.2

0.3

3.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.2 e

-3.5 e

-18.8 e

-48.0 e

-72.8 e

-81.6 e

..

13.5

8.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.5 e -0.4 -0.1 e

-1.2 e -1.2 -0.0 e

-8.5 -5.6 -2.9

-38.7 -34.9 -3.7

-61.6 -55.2 -6.4

-71.1 -64.8 -6.2

.. .. ..

18.5 16.4 25.9

11.8 13.8 4.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.7 e -0.2 e -0.0 e -1.5 e

-2.3 e -1.4 e -0.2 e -0.7 e

.. .. .. .. ..

11.1 21.7 28.5 7.0

0.1 2.8 7.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-1.4 e

-

Final consumption

9.3

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.6 0.6 e -

1.9 1.3 e 0.7 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

e e e e

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

8.7 0.1 8.6 e -

-10.3 e -4.9 -0.6 -4.8 e

-9.4 e -7.8 -0.6 -0.9 e

-11.3 e -9.4 e -1.9 -

-10.6 e -8.4 e -2.2 -

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-2.1

-3.0

-2.9

-2.6

..

17.8

1.2

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

13.9

16.7

12.9

14.3

11.7

4.4 0.7 0.1 2.9 0.0

12.1 3.6 0.2 4.4 -

12.1 5.7 e 0.1 4.4 0.0

-

-

12.0 0.1 e 11.9 e -

12.4 0.0 e 12.3 e -

..

3.5

-1.9

9.9 4.9 e 0.0 3.7 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

12.9 1.4 -

4.4 10.8 -6.3 1.3 14.3

-

-

..

-

-

0.8 0.8 e

1.5 1.5

1.3 1.3

.. .. ..

2.1 -7.3 2.2

-11.3 -11.3

-

0.6

0.5

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.232 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

19.88 0.52 0.52 18.29 0.84 0.68 0.16 0.22 -

33.04 7.71 7.71 20.70 4.59 0.17 0.08 3.53 0.00 0.80 0.05 -

52.38 39.01 39.01 2.41 11.02 0.73 0.27 5.31 4.71 -

61.39 52.72 50.21 2.51 2.01 7.03 1.19 0.13 4.75 0.04 0.91 -

70.31 60.90 58.34 2.56 2.09 - e 7.85 1.39 e 0.14 4.99 0.04 1.31 e -

78.89 68.65 65.77 2.88 2.29 - e 8.24 1.58 e 0.13 5.18 0.04 1.31 e -

85.68 77.68 74.10 3.58 1.94 - e 6.60 1.16 e 0.02 4.40 0.04 0.97 e -

4.32 25.23 25.23 1.04 15.15 -10.91 29.42 -12.19 -

5.14 12.93 12.65 -11.71 1.93 10.62 -6.38 1.16 14.14 1.01 -

2.01 2.01 -

11.74 11.74 -

19.42 16.38 3.03 -

20.88 15.40 5.48 -

21.74 15.45 6.12 e 0.17 0.17 e - e -

23.84 16.84 6.66 e 0.33 0.33 e - e -

21.18 14.80 6.12 e 0.26 0.26 e - e -

15.84 15.84 -

3.16 1.23 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

-

-

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.233

KOREA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 190.61 ..

.. 99.47 ..

.. 209.68 ..

54.73 .. 371.11

63.96 .. 380.89

96.49 .. 525.46

87.54 .. 352.07

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

32.73 .. 190.61 .. ..

61.03 .. 99.47 .. ..

58.36 .. 209.68 216.62 ..

61.12 120.23 412.77 427.59 385.23

75.29 110.12 419.55 436.51 428.40

124.80 247.02 526.36 549.77 388.52

94.12 169.43 365.32 400.04 372.93

.. .. 475.63 510.18 474.66

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Korean wons / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 152.225 ..

.. 92.585 ..

.. 311.681 ..

49.119 .. 454.149

56.055 .. 455.166

100.149 .. 743.727

105.229 .. 577.122

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

18.743 .. 152.225 .. ..

40.740 .. 92.585 .. ..

62.210 .. 311.681 321.999 ..

54.853 107.902 516.531 535.074 471.430

65.984 96.501 512.681 533.407 511.948

129.536 256.398 761.811 795.691 549.912

113.138 203.671 612.352 670.553 611.317

.. .. 722.516 774.994 705.128

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

0.65 0.61 .. .. 0.04

4.96 4.84 3.87 e 0.97 e 0.12

0.17 0.17 .. .. -

-

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

22.46 22.46 11.13 e 11.34 e -

55.89 55.89 18.42 37.46 -

71.97 71.68 18.93 52.74 0.29

77.86 77.31 21.73 55.58 0.55

87.87 87.17 23.22 63.94 0.70

89.89 89.63 19.92 69.71 0.26

104.16 103.53 26.72 76.81 0.63

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.234 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

KOREA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

2169

17131

23729 e

45831 e

64895 e

88285

99584

102984

118591

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2009 1150 409 450 -

8125 3625 2100 1900 -

11287 5053 2026 2908 -

17151 8410 4251 2324 7

19575 10641 4097 1419 -

22532 14362 5034 252 -

24083 14856 5072 1132 -

20660 12577 4371 1642 -

27706 14151 5670 2925 -

-

500 -

2172 712 -

2341 49 633 -

1313 726 31 -

1738 293 2929 -

160 -

9006 5100 1469 1020 -

e e

65753 14799 1059 71 7

75501 23347 1450 44 -

82324 30353 3306 200 1

90885 28807 4253 65 -

160

1417 -

21281 e 5277 e 2503 e 2197 e 135 e 33 e

17748 25336 301 5643 755 34

15536 26362 609 6863 1212 78

8353 33246 620 3994 1839 412

5554 40203 2346 5629 1851 2177

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

e e e

e

100 e 1200 12442 3506 1250 1235 -

e e e

e

1000 e 397 e 5054 e -

e e e

e e

1072 e 44 e 696 e 347 e 28680 9464 2156 1 2150 4

e e e e

e e

7209 e 3375 e 3535 e 533 e 223 e 30 e

e e e

e

2781 e 209 e 394 e 34 e 45320 12019 1647 166 62

e e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.235

KOREA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

42.41

110.75

114.69

105.43

198.33

135.92

181.64

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

40.71 44.36 .. .. 55.50 39.97 .. .. 41.71

106.89 106.32 .. .. 138.42 121.09 .. .. 124.34

112.87 125.78 .. .. 135.17 108.61 .. .. 95.28

103.16 109.12 .. .. 123.05 107.69 .. .. 102.14

212.42 225.52 .. .. 301.67 275.89 .. .. 280.59

158.33 168.02 .. .. 175.06 161.91 .. .. 121.84

178.96 182.70 .. .. 193.11 198.24 170.02 .. 168.55

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

28.67 32.70 32.59 .. .. 23.75 28.72 .. 32.05 28.59 .. ..

88.66 93.33 83.70 .. .. 95.92 113.59 .. 76.36 116.34 .. ..

79.76 91.04 80.70 .. .. 47.11 106.18 .. 104.72 89.02 .. ..

86.26 98.63 87.56 .. .. 45.66 102.71 93.74 96.98 94.94 ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

55.76 58.85 95.90 .. .. 31.96 59.44 .. .. 58.14 .. ..

51.73 54.91 59.40 .. .. 32.11 56.63 .. .. 54.19 .. ..

61.19 60.28 67.51 .. .. 29.67 69.56 .. 71.15 71.32 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.236 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 7

120

6

100

5

80

4

60

3 40 2 20 1 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 4.0

18

3.5

16 14

3.0

12

2.5

10 2.0 8 1.5

6

1.0

4

0.5

2 0

0.0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.237

LUXEMBOURG 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

6.33 3.48 2.29 0.31 0.01 0.25 -

5.08 2.61 1.48 0.61 0.03 0.01 0.35 -

4.87 1.62 2.12 0.61 0.03 0.01 0.48 -

4.69 0.18 2.82 0.96 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.65 -

5.98 0.12 3.57 1.56 0.17 0.02 0.01 0.53 -

5.64 0.11 3.31 1.59 0.19 0.01 0.01 0.42 -

6.01 0.11 3.48 1.71 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.50 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 -1.53 -4.40 -0.45 4.05 2.37 3.95 -

0.77 -13.25 2.39 5.14 9.63 2.21 -0.73 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 7 0.90 0.4 18.04 389.9 5578.5 159.9 1 63.8

1980 8 0.66 0.4 13.97 287.5 3836.7 177.0 1 55.4

1990 12 0.39 0.4 12.75 169.9 1469.2 126.7 1 79.5

2000 20 0.23 0.4 10.75 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 100.0

2008 27 0.22 0.5 12.25 94.2 48.7 90.8 3 115.1

2009 26 0.21 0.5 11.35 92.2 46.2 87.4 3 96.2

2010e 27 0.22 0.5 11.87 94.9 44.2 .. 3 106.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.40 4.07 -4.77 -3.16 0.50 1.39 -2.02 -0.61 -4.77 -3.16 -7.55 -16.64 -1.36 -1.93 -4.62 8.90 1.30 1.01

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.238 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

4.10 1.40 2.09 0.25 0.36 -

3.87 1.49 1.44 0.51 0.44 -

4.00 0.78 2.11 0.60 0.51 -

4.55 0.18 2.81 0.87 0.02 0.66 0.00

5.54 0.12 3.55 0.94 0.10 0.00 0.82 0.01

5.58 0.12 3.57 0.96 0.11 0.00 0.81 0.01

5.18 0.11 3.30 0.90 0.11 0.00 0.75 0.01

-0.15 -3.36 0.05 5.21 1.99 -

1.37 -9.86 2.38 2.18 2.06 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.94 1.35 1.10 0.20 0.29 -

2.34 1.45 0.24 0.35 0.30 -

1.91 0.77 0.39 0.40 0.35 -

1.03 0.18 0.06 0.44 0.35 -

1.08 0.12 0.03 0.47 0.03 0.44 -

1.05 0.12 0.02 0.46 0.03 0.43 -

0.87 0.11 0.01 0.35 0.03 0.39 -

-2.52 -3.22 -5.94 4.17 1.02 -

-4.02 -9.84 -19.96 -0.74 0.60 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.33 0.33 -

0.62 0.61 -

1.26 1.25 -

2.30 2.29 -

3.17 3.11 -

3.21 3.14 -

2.95 2.88 -

8.12 8.16 -

4.59 4.48 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 0.73 0.05 0.60 0.05

0.01 0.76 0.03 0.51 0.16

0.01 0.71 0.01 0.43 0.20

0.01 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.22

0.05 0.01 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.23

0.05 0.01 0.72 0.00 0.35 0.25

0.06 0.01 0.78 0.00 0.36 0.29

3.05 -0.10 -9.72 -1.86 8.04

3.81 0.46 -12.43 -0.98 1.92

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.03 -

0.06 0.06 -

0.07 0.08 -

0.02 0.10 0.50 0.09 0.21

0.02 0.00 0.10 0.55 0.05 0.24

0.02 0.00 0.11 0.54 0.02 0.26

0.02 0.00 0.11 0.52 0.01 0.27

5.87 -

2.20 10.44 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.04 0.04 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

0.08 0.03 0.03 -

0.20 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

0.26 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

0.26 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

0.24 0.00 0.02 0.02 -

-1.93 -1.93 -

6.05 -2.19 -2.19 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.239

LUXEMBOURG 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

3.5 -0.0

2.6 -0.0

1.6 -

0.2 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

0.1 -

-4.4 x

-13.3 x

Primary supply

3.5

2.6

1.6

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

-4.4

-13.3

Statistical difference

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.9 e

-1.1 e

-0.8

-

-

-

..

-5.1

-

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.2 -0.2

-0.2 -0.2

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-3.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.5 e -1.5 e -

-0.8 e -0.8 e -

-0.6 -0.6 -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-5.5 -5.5 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

1.4

1.5

0.8

0.2

0.1

0.1

..

-3.4

-9.9

Industry(5)

1.3 1.3 -

1.5 1.3 e 0.1 -

0.8 0.6 0.2 -

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.2 -4.5 -

-9.8 -15.3 -3.7 -

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-9.7 -9.7

-12.4 -12.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.240 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.01 -

0.20 0.20 0.04 0.16 0.00 -

0.17 0.17 0.04 0.13 -

0.12 0.12 0.03 0.09 -

0.12 0.12 0.05 0.07 -

0.12 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.00 -

0.10 0.10 0.03 0.08 -

-7.48 -7.45 -19.27 -12.55 -

-3.31 -3.28 -1.78 -3.71 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.02 0.02 0.02 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.241

LUXEMBOURG 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.80 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. x .. .. ..

.. x .. .. 134.97

.. x 94.73 .. ..

.. x x 130.60 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. 340.46

.. x x .. 361.19

.. x x .. 349.74

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. 131.73 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. x .. .. ..

.. x .. .. 125.81

.. x 108.26 .. ..

.. x x 195.34 ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. ..

.. x x .. 299.41

.. x x .. 334.27

.. x x .. 339.50

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

3.49 0.30 .. .. 3.19

2.63 0.36 0.36 0.02 2.26

1.62 0.20 0.20 1.42

0.18 0.17 0.17 0.01

0.15 0.14 0.14 0.01

0.12 0.12 0.12 0.01

0.12 0.11 0.11 0.01

0.11 0.10 0.10 0.01

0.11 0.10 0.10 0.01

.. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.242 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

LUXEMBOURG 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

495

199

197

217

172

121

115

104

102

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

495 299 12 1 6

199 52 33 32

197 -

217 -

172 -

121 -

115 -

104 -

102 25

125 52

72 10 -

138 59

107 110

125 47

64 57

72 43

77 27

76 1

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.243

MEXICO* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

300

300

250

250 200 200 150

150

100

100

50

50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

300

400 250 350 300

200

250 150 200 150

100

100 50 50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.244 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

75.10 2.62 46.39 14.99 8.87 1.99 0.20 0.04 -

135.88 3.38 92.07 27.33 9.82 2.07 1.12 0.08 -

174.99 4.95 114.66 33.03 12.22 1.09 2.88 6.29 0.03 -0.17 -

207.32 9.78 128.90 41.32 12.77 3.06 4.07 7.25 0.07 0.11 -

258.70 11.01 148.10 70.00 12.36 3.65 4.81 8.67 0.23 -0.14 -

249.49 11.07 141.48 69.30 11.98 3.91 3.28 8.28 0.31 -0.11 -

242.62 12.25 132.52 70.80 11.97 2.19 4.56 8.13 0.33 -0.12 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 5.10 3.81 5.47 4.76 1.90 2.21 22.57 -

1.88 4.32 1.11 3.98 -0.11 6.94 0.68 1.45 14.06 -2.17 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 245 0.31 53.3 1.41 94.3 69.8 50.6 37 ..

1980 378 0.36 65.7 2.07 110.3 58.2 59.3 67 56.6

1990 453 0.39 81.3 2.15 118.8 71.2 86.9 116 67.4

2000 637 0.33 98.3 2.11 100.0 100.0 100.0 204 100.0

2008 771 0.34 106.6 2.43 103.1 93.1 103.0 262 108.1

2009 724 0.34 107.4 2.32 105.8 99.5 109.0 261 100.2

2010e 764 0.32 108.3 2.24 97.5 104.4 .. 268 106.2

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.68 2.51 1.37 -0.61 2.51 1.48 2.52 0.40 1.37 -0.61 0.12 1.77 3.23 1.20 6.93 4.37 2.11

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.47 -

2.48 -

2.37 2.46 -

1.77 5.96 -

1.48 6.35 -

1.44 5.80 -

1.19 5.62 -

-0.34 -

-2.61 4.60 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

3.09 -

3.09 -

2.96 3.97 -

2.21 9.13 -

1.84 9.59 -

1.79 8.76 -

1.48 8.49 -

-0.34 -

-2.61 4.25 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.245

MEXICO 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

56.77 1.96 31.69 10.38 8.87 3.88 -

94.17 2.29 56.70 18.34 9.82 7.02 -

120.16 2.22 73.16 20.23 12.22 0.02 12.31 -

140.24 1.97 88.09 18.50 11.69 0.06 19.93 -

161.94 1.81 106.90 17.90 10.80 0.16 24.37 -

164.19 1.81 108.60 17.86 10.88 0.19 24.85 -

157.28 1.55 103.58 16.86 10.36 0.23 24.71 -

4.51 0.75 5.04 4.00 1.90 7.03 -

1.43 -1.87 1.85 -0.95 -0.86 12.45 3.73 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

20.16 1.96 5.00 9.09 1.89 2.22 -

31.75 2.29 8.61 14.93 2.20 3.71 -

37.63 2.19 10.64 15.46 2.79 0.00 6.56 -

39.71 1.97 10.68 12.86 1.97 0.00 12.23 -

41.14 1.81 11.23 12.61 1.82 0.01 13.66 -

39.82 1.81 9.91 12.34 1.94 0.01 13.82 -

36.91 1.55 8.83 11.78 1.47 0.01 13.27 -

3.74 0.66 4.54 3.17 2.30 6.57 -

-0.10 -1.79 -0.97 -1.42 -3.32 12.41 3.78 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

17.72 17.68 -

32.57 32.52 -

40.76 40.66 -

51.66 51.51 0.01

70.86 70.71 0.02

74.03 73.88 0.02

72.11 71.95 0.02

5.02 5.02 -

3.05 3.05 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.04 12.27 3.68 0.56

0.05 15.94 6.42 0.67

0.10 22.50 9.39 1.16

0.14 25.85 10.91 0.74

0.13 25.50 9.74 1.06

0.14 25.53 9.60 1.05

0.14 25.27 9.21 0.99

4.91 3.63 5.67 4.40

1.74 0.61 -0.10 -0.84

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

6.98 1.06 1.00 1.00 -

7.62 1.23 2.80 1.84 -

9.43 0.01 2.51 2.12 0.77 -

9.72 0.04 4.44 4.90 2.47 0.24

8.98 0.09 5.63 5.09 2.24 0.29

8.94 0.11 5.83 5.08 2.14 0.31

8.89 0.13 6.05 5.09 2.08 0.29

1.79 5.17 4.48 -1.54 -

-0.31 12.45 4.75 4.72 5.35 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.36 2.63 0.73

0.97 7.12 4.39 2.73

0.01 1.34 12.97 0.03 9.32 3.61

0.02 2.16 14.07 9.43 4.64

0.06 2.50 13.12 9.21 3.91

0.07 2.56 13.32 9.17 4.15

0.09 2.63 11.29 7.51 3.78

8.27 7.73 9.89

12.45 3.63 -0.73 -1.13 0.25

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.246 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

2.2 0.4 0.1

2.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1

4.8 0.3 -0.0 -0.2

7.7 2.4 -0.0 -0.4

7.8 3.6 -0.0 -0.4

7.2 4.2 -0.0 -0.4

6.8 5.7 -0.0 -0.2

4.8 -0.9 x

2.1 14.3 -3.8 x

Primary supply

2.6

3.4

5.0

9.8

11.0

11.1

12.3

3.8

4.3

Statistical difference

-0.1

-0.2

0.1

-0.2

-1.0

1.3

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.5

-0.9

-2.8

-7.6

-8.2

-10.7

..

10.3

7.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-

-2.6 -2.6 -

-6.8 -6.2 -0.5

-7.6 -7.4 -0.2

-10.2 -10.1 -0.1

.. .. ..

23.5 23.5 -

7.5 7.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.4 -0.4 -

-0.9 -0.9 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -

-0.6 -0.2 -0.4 -

-0.5 -0.2 -0.3 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-6.0 -6.0 -

6.4 4.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

..

-1.6

3.3

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

..

0.7

-1.9

Industry(5)

2.0 2.0 -

2.3 2.3 -

2.2 1.9 0.0 -

2.0 1.7 e 0.0 -

1.8 1.6 0.2 -

1.6 1.4 0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.1 -

-1.8 -1.8 7.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.247

MEXICO 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

-

3.97 3.97 3.97 -

11.36 9.57 9.57 1.79 -

16.88 14.92 14.92 1.77 0.19 0.19 -

16.47 14.66 14.66 1.49 0.31 0.27 0.05 -

12.99 10.84 10.84 1.85 0.31 0.25 0.06 -

14.46 13.68 13.68 0.54 0.24 0.21 0.03 -

-

7.04 6.73 6.73 -

4.05 3.97 -

2.91 2.89 -

0.93 0.93 -

0.68 0.68 -

1.02 1.02 -

1.01 1.01 -

1.90 1.90 -

-2.72 -2.61 -

-2.21 -2.18 -

-

-

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 -

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.248 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

MEXICO 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 7.91 10.62

33.41 10.63 13.90

48.20 38.05 68.39

48.69 86.20 116.69

64.79 174.80 264.12

70.26 174.33 245.99

80.19 306.50 328.91

78.20 209.10 154.07

83.49 284.68 181.24

x .. 7.91 .. 10.53

x .. 10.63 .. 13.90

x .. 38.05 .. 68.39

x .. 86.29 .. 116.69

x .. 176.42 .. 266.91

x .. 179.05 .. 269.96

x .. 296.70 .. 336.89

x .. 209.12 .. ..

x .. 284.20 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Mexican pesos / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.000 0.000

0.001 0.000 0.000

0.089 0.157 0.250

0.301 1.180 1.418

0.462 2.761 3.702

0.502 2.760 3.456

0.585 4.951 4.717

0.690 4.090 2.675

0.689 5.209 2.944

x .. 0.000 .. 0.000

x .. 0.000 .. 0.000

x .. 0.157 .. 0.250

x .. 1.181 .. 1.418

x .. 2.786 .. 3.742

x .. 2.834 .. 3.793

x .. 4.793 .. 4.831

x .. 4.090 .. ..

x .. 5.200 .. ..

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.39 0.25 .. .. 0.14

0.92 0.81 0.81 0.12

0.34 0.22 0.22 0.11

2.43 1.85 1.85 0.00 0.57

5.68 5.38 5.38 0.00 0.29

4.07 3.82 3.82 0.00 0.25

3.59 3.27 3.27 0.00 0.31

4.24 4.05 4.05 0.00 0.19

5.67 5.31 5.31 0.00 0.35

.. .. -

0.08 0.08

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.249

MEXICO 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

570

590

228

818

2432

5459

4550

6000

7700

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

570 470 -

590 195 303 -

228 122 6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

92

100

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

818 818 -

2432 1074 538 697 -

5459 4624 279 505 -

4550 731 402 1281 -

6000 3744 190 994 -

7700 2826 477 2017 -

-

-

-

-

1 66 56 -

2 49 -

1 880 132 1123 -

2 192 63 815 -

4 1102 1274 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.250 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

140 120

200

100 150 80 60

100

40 50 20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 30

14

25

12 10

20 8 15 6 10

4

5

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 200

140

180

120

160 100

140 120

80

100 60

80

40

60 40

20

20 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.251

NETHERLANDS 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

88.57 4.10 43.52 40.71 0.41 -0.17 -

91.95 5.42 41.22 43.46 0.32 1.56 -0.04 -

93.84 12.76 33.25 44.00 1.36 1.30 0.01 0.01 1.13 -

104.60 11.21 36.99 49.98 2.47 1.46 0.02 0.15 2.32 -

113.64 11.54 44.01 49.49 4.50 1.55 0.01 0.00 0.58 1.95 -

111.68 10.66 43.33 49.94 4.94 1.57 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.60 -

119.04 11.32 44.51 56.00 4.81 1.48 0.01 0.01 0.55 0.34 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.34 6.91 -1.57 0.46 7.00 -

0.92 -0.94 1.40 0.67 7.02 1.00 0.75 24.32 -3.28 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 188 0.47 13.4 6.59 173.2 74.7 92.8 53 69.0

1980 226 0.41 14.1 6.50 149.7 82.2 99.9 65 77.0

1990 282 0.33 14.9 6.28 122.5 155.4 102.7 72 81.8

2000 385 0.27 15.9 6.57 100.0 100.0 100.0 90 100.0

2008 450 0.25 16.4 6.91 92.9 88.1 95.5 108 110.6

2009 432 0.26 16.5 6.76 95.1 84.6 94.7 114 102.5

2010e 440 0.27 16.6 7.15 99.6 88.4 .. 115 109.7

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.41 2.28 -2.02 -1.33 0.63 0.53 -0.29 0.39 -2.02 -1.33 4.40 -3.15 0.60 -0.43 1.86 2.43 1.01 1.19

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.252 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

68.07 1.55 33.52 27.56 5.45 -

77.59 1.11 34.79 34.64 7.05 -

70.20 1.97 25.82 32.40 0.54 0.00 9.03 0.44

80.99 1.30 29.70 33.34 0.50 0.02 12.01 4.13

90.04 1.41 41.13 29.43 1.18 0.03 13.32 3.55

89.82 1.36 39.63 30.82 1.15 0.00 0.03 13.41 3.42

85.86 1.09 37.68 30.05 1.29 0.00 0.03 12.77 2.94

0.18 1.44 -1.52 0.96 3.02 -

1.07 -3.08 2.01 -0.40 4.73 13.29 1.84 10.54

19.30 1.09 3.79 11.63 2.79 -

17.59 0.99 3.63 9.52 3.45 -

16.15 1.58 1.12 9.30 0.06 4.08 -

19.74 0.87 2.29 8.95 0.09 5.01 2.53

20.25 0.91 4.08 7.68 0.19 5.20 2.20

19.84 0.83 4.06 7.54 0.19 5.18 2.04

16.93 0.79 3.19 6.83 0.18 4.46 1.48

-1.04 2.21 -6.90 -1.31 2.26 -

0.25 -3.58 5.65 -1.61 6.37 0.46 -

9.33 9.22 -

10.85 10.73 -

12.70 12.54 -

15.67 15.47 -

17.12 16.45 0.00

17.30 16.69 0.00

16.42 15.68 0.00

1.83 1.82 -

1.36 1.18 -

0.11 18.66 0.34 6.77 10.21

0.12 20.25 0.07 2.01 16.31

0.16 14.21 0.03 0.35 11.23

0.20 14.71 0.01 0.08 11.38

0.47 0.19 13.28 0.01 0.08 9.47

0.41 0.20 14.09 0.01 0.09 10.15

0.53 0.20 14.56 0.01 0.09 10.66

2.09 -1.59 -12.77 -16.03 0.56

1.42 0.13 -7.85 -6.86 -0.27

1.35 2.74 1.53 -

1.86 2.52 1.07 0.04

0.42 0.00 2.03 0.15 8.25 0.04 0.90 4.65

0.33 0.01 2.68 0.21 10.32 0.03 0.41 5.31

0.42 0.02 2.98 0.29 12.16 0.04 0.73 6.21

0.42 0.03 3.05 0.34 13.47 0.01 0.81 7.74

0.43 0.03 2.97 0.38 12.77 0.00 0.60 7.08

2.44 6.71 -3.07 -

0.03 19.01 2.03 4.95 2.33 -10.96 -2.15 2.23

1.20 10.80 10.80 -

1.41 18.81 16.32 2.49

0.05 0.00 2.47 0.13 14.03 0.32 10.47 3.25

0.07 0.00 3.61 0.88 15.01 0.39 10.72 3.91

0.06 0.00 4.32 0.80 22.57 0.45 18.98 3.13

0.06 0.00 4.02 0.82 20.57 0.51 17.22 2.85

0.06 0.00 4.15 0.88 20.44 0.29 17.33 2.83

4.34 1.55 -0.19 -

0.89 3.72 2.76 10.63 2.00 -0.52 2.69 -0.73

of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.253

NETHERLANDS 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.6 4.2 -2.0 0.3

7.3 -2.0 0.1

16.8 -3.3 -0.7

20.1 -8.7 -0.2

18.8 -6.6 -0.7

17.5 -4.2 -2.6

18.3 -5.1 -1.9

8.5 2.9 x

0.2 1.3 x

Primary supply

4.1

5.4

12.8

11.2

11.5

10.7

11.3

6.9

-0.9

Statistical difference

0.1

0.1

-0.6

-

0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-1.8 e

-4.1

-9.9 e

-9.7 e

-9.9

-9.3 e

..

10.7

-0.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-2.6 -2.4 -0.2

-8.3 -8.2 -0.1

-7.9 -7.9 -0.0

-7.8 -7.8 -0.0

-7.7 -7.7 -0.0

.. .. ..

12.5 12.4 -

-0.4 -0.3 -9.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.6 e -1.5 e -0.1 -

-1.7 e -1.6 e -0.2 -

-1.6 e -1.4 e -0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

5.4 3.3 -

0.2 -0.1 3.2 -

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-0.6 e -0.8 e 0.2 0.0

-1.6 -1.2 -0.4 -

-2.1 -1.9 -0.2 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.3

-0.2

..

-5.5

-2.4

Losses

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

1.5

1.1

2.0

1.3

1.4

1.1

..

1.4

-3.1

Industry(5)

1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 -

1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 -

1.6 0.9 e 0.4 0.1 0.0

0.9 0.7 e 0.0 0.1 -

0.8 0.7 0.1 -

0.8 0.7 e 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

2.2 1.6 2.8 10.5 -

-3.6 -1.4 -4.4 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.5 0.3

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-10.1 -12.8

-9.5 -11.0 -7.9

-

-

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

..

-

-0.5

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.254 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1.85 1.70 1.59 0.11 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.07 -

9.64 8.72 8.69 0.03 - e 0.48 - e 0.36 0.03 0.00 0.09 e 0.06 0.01

8.69 8.59 8.59 - e 0.07 0.01 e 0.01 0.02 0.04 e 0.03 -

8.33 8.27 8.27 - e 0.03 0.01 e 0.00 0.02 e 0.03 -

8.74 8.68 8.68 - e 0.04 - e 0.00 0.04 e 0.03 -

8.27 8.22 8.22 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.01 -

8.45 8.41 8.41 - e 0.04 - e 0.04 e 0.01 -

14.74 14.59 15.21 -9.75 19.17 17.55 22.79 -0.98 -

-0.69 -0.19 -0.17 -12.78 -4.93 -10.99 -

2.95 3.28 -

4.39 3.85 0.62 e 0.06 0.06 e - e -

4.05 3.01 0.98 e 0.06 0.06 e - e 0.01

4.68 3.16 1.47 e 0.05 0.05 e - e 0.00

4.70 3.11 1.56 e 0.03 0.03 e - e 0.00

4.42 3.06 1.35 0.00

3.42 2.48 0.90 e 0.04 0.04 e - e 0.00

3.36 1.33 -

-1.30 -2.28 1.99 -2.46 -2.46 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

0.07 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 -

0.05 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 -

0.05 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 -

0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 -

0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 -

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 -

0.12 -0.95 -1.23 -

-4.64 -4.97 -6.70 6.82 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.255

NETHERLANDS 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.99 65.34 61.49

63.99 138.04 126.93

71.37 .. 103.23

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

57.76 105.55 71.09 .. 68.25

62.94 131.85 133.96 .. 113.74

62.74 154.34 131.18 .. 97.42

.. .. x 156.50 129.53

.. .. x 295.94 ..

.. .. x 323.99 347.39

.. .. x 416.14 418.14

.. .. x 279.91 390.90

.. .. x 362.79 321.89

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

40.25 89.46 77.63

57.72 173.60 147.20

58.95 .. 109.63

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

56.72 100.69 97.33 .. 86.17

56.77 115.53 168.47 .. 131.91

51.82 123.84 151.08 .. 103.46

.. .. x 236.75 180.69

.. .. x 328.86 ..

.. .. x 329.76 326.05

.. .. x 396.87 367.72

.. .. x 280.92 361.76

.. .. x 381.91 312.46

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

4.20 3.52 .. .. 0.01 0.66

7.32 6.38 3.15 3.23 0.11 0.84

16.78 16.19 4.51 11.68 0.05 0.54

20.09 19.47 4.76 14.71 0.03 0.59

21.13 20.46 4.46 16.00 0.03 0.64

23.28 22.58 4.27 18.31 0.04 0.67

18.82 18.42 4.20 14.21 0.02 0.39

17.46 17.25 2.98 14.26 0.03 0.18

18.32 17.90 4.47 13.43 0.02 0.40

1.99 1.07 .. .. 0.93

2.02 1.33 0.04 1.30 0.68

3.26 2.31 2.31 0.00 0.95

8.66 8.10 0.92 7.18 0.00 0.56

9.55 8.63 0.04 8.59 0.92

10.62 10.04 10.04 0.57

6.59 6.36 0.02 6.33 0.23

4.18 4.01 0.03 3.98 0.17

5.13 4.97 4.97 0.00 0.16

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.256 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

5038

11607

17440

17134

22539

26035

21157

19906

20440

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2853 961 89 782 376 644 1

4169 1027 35 6 455 315 7 2255 48

4603 449 426 462 98 3110 4

4936 432 514 15 368 2378 10

4864 1902 366 319 1621 1

4366 1097 610 1237 11

4297 579 584 1667 71

3049 299 258 1550 408

4569 555 503 1 2859 -

-

21 -

1 6 46 1 -

16 214 989 -

10 441 204 -

326 26 1059 -

248 17 1023 20 88

534 -

554 97 -

2185 529 55 62 703 264 166 14 10

7438 1898 141 64 155 949 2 3105 68

12837 5176 72 1043 3023 237

12198 2293 34 795 9 2731 76

17675 1110 19 1246 9 1242 365

21669 660 169 21 136 1087 1160

16860 256 91 96 61 1389 777

16857 313 67 2 2 520 1078

15871 17 73 20 819 797

309 57 16

1 162 878 10 5

152 1514 133 1436 32 19 -

462 2450 1034 2167 41 79 20 7

271 4989 2644 5287 174 90 157 72

48 7500 1866 6838 2081 103 -

201 5634 1186 4418 2715 36 -

6 7910 674 4292 1973 10 10 -

23 8656 14 2015 3401 36 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.257

NETHERLANDS 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

13

103

-

8

938

-

23

28

-

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

13 13 -

103 72 9 3 19 -

-

8 8 -

938 10 928 -

-

23 23 -

15 15 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.258 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NETHERLANDS 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

475

1336

2512

3218

8621

11882

7505

4704

5866

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

475 231 9 228 5 2 -

1296 222 23 45 67 216 41 96 10 123 158 295 -

2448 469 2 2 261 1410 48 7 3 26 7 213 -

3199 168 333 2466 5 8 22 5 60 2 130 -

8590 1 148 318 7466 3 53 315 19 267 -

11837 59 27 138 937 9770 67 15 65 6 50 146 13 16 8 520 -

7404 79 147 1248 5132 50 3 20 56 165 157 15 21 311 -

4693 42 7 57 996 3182 51 26 103 2 4 70 153 -

5719 216 23 176 1057 3752 56 15 239 16 4 1 7 157 -

-

40 -

64 61 3 -

-

-

45 15 3 1

101 5 11 15 25 -

11 6 -

147 7 15 15 1

-

40

-

-

-

26

45

5

109

-

-

-

19

31

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.259

NETHERLANDS 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

60.87

53.77

46.87

104.06

125.70

125.84

187.06

182.14

182.24

60.19 59.41 .. 60.71 51.33 46.96 50.24 47.62 ..

56.87 54.78 .. 55.46 57.65 39.24 .. .. 33.59

48.55 45.10 .. 45.45 50.32 43.08 32.01 .. ..

101.15 100.14 .. .. 108.36 352.78 130.59 .. 95.25

126.33 143.55 .. .. 127.21 127.00 .. .. 88.14

127.31 131.67 .. .. 128.72 269.39 .. .. 91.41

191.72 220.98 .. .. 159.55 242.43 .. .. 155.18

235.19 214.60 .. .. 152.33 .. .. .. 128.98

199.46 205.14 .. .. 166.55 244.12 .. .. 175.13

52.25 52.28 .. .. 55.66 54.91 51.46 51.72 43.71 47.99 .. ..

43.89 42.39 .. .. 46.60 49.37 42.61 40.75 41.63 58.39 .. ..

29.54 31.26 29.97 .. 30.39 31.13 30.20 28.38 30.08 30.10 .. ..

68.86 106.55 144.61 .. 304.89 76.01 77.09 65.86 65.31 67.64 .. ..

68.57 108.34 145.81 .. 61.40 100.13 .. 62.25 64.04 76.60 .. ..

79.12 102.57 94.31 .. 75.83 88.56 .. 78.24 75.31 79.08 .. ..

133.50 147.93 139.51 .. 161.93 141.08 .. .. 130.98 116.75 .. ..

98.82 198.55 .. 132.46 120.11 121.93 x 94.29 94.06 93.91 .. ..

95.59 237.68 164.66 .. 85.97 110.73 x 87.09 79.35 94.11 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.260 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 140

30

120

25

100 20 80 15

60

10

40

5

20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6.0

3.5

5.0

3.0 2.5

4.0 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.0

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 50

40

45

35

40 30 35 30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10 5

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.261

NEW ZEALAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

11.46 1.80 5.96 0.40 1.76 1.53 -

12.84 1.46 5.73 1.13 0.74 2.33 1.46 -

18.32 1.67 5.07 5.53 1.04 2.85 2.11 0.05

24.03 1.52 8.11 7.22 1.48 3.00 2.62 0.01 0.05

24.65 2.54 8.94 4.91 1.67 2.75 3.66 0.14 0.05

24.86 2.08 8.82 4.94 1.56 2.98 4.23 0.19 0.05

26.16 2.24 8.69 5.10 1.68 3.04 5.15 0.21 0.05

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.80 -0.47 -0.95 16.65 2.88 1.92 -

1.62 1.17 2.96 -0.59 2.17 0.23 3.74 -0.31

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 32 0.36 3.0 3.86 79.3 197.4 77.3 19 ..

1980 32 0.40 3.1 4.08 87.8 157.5 93.6 23 73.8

1990 40 0.46 3.4 5.43 102.5 147.4 110.7 32 83.0

2000 53 0.45 3.9 6.21 100.0 100.0 100.0 39 100.0

2008 67 0.37 4.3 5.76 81.8 133.2 89.1 44 110.0

2009 67 0.37 4.3 5.74 81.9 108.3 87.5 43 101.0

2010e 69 0.38 4.4 5.99 84.0 113.6 .. 45 102.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.26 2.83 1.52 -1.18 0.75 1.33 2.04 0.29 1.52 -1.18 -1.70 -1.61 2.13 -1.23 3.32 1.58 1.04

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 1.53 0.07 -

0.18 1.36 0.10 -

0.55 1.35 0.08 -

1.37 1.52 0.10 -

2.29 1.64 0.12 -

1.91 1.74 0.12 -

2.35 1.96 0.13 -

38.38 -1.02 0.78 -

6.75 1.33 2.34 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 2.01 0.15 -

0.17 1.76 0.21 -

0.58 1.84 0.16 -

1.31 1.94 0.21 -

2.28 2.29 0.25 -

1.90 2.40 0.26 -

2.34 2.69 0.30 -

39.12 -0.72 0.43 -

6.47 1.41 2.62 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.262 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

8.39 1.28 4.99 0.17 1.96 -

9.87 1.17 5.17 0.50 0.63 2.40 -

14.16 1.28 5.75 2.57 0.85 0.24 3.46 -

18.29 0.70 7.58 4.26 1.27 0.28 4.21 -

17.80 0.81 8.65 1.79 1.44 0.33 0.01 4.78 -

17.92 0.86 8.69 1.86 1.47 0.33 0.01 4.70 -

17.85 0.76 8.31 2.43 1.35 0.34 0.01 4.65 -

3.12 -0.04 0.84 17.54 3.42 -

1.23 -2.70 1.95 -0.30 2.47 1.73 1.56 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

2.81 1.01 1.06 0.05 0.69 -

3.44 0.79 0.87 0.37 0.46 0.94 -

5.38 1.01 0.41 1.79 0.63 0.16 1.38 -

5.68 0.53 0.48 1.70 1.05 0.19 1.72 -

5.45 0.62 0.66 0.94 1.22 0.21 1.80 -

5.46 0.65 0.68 0.96 1.25 0.21 1.71 -

5.41 0.64 0.56 1.23 1.14 0.22 1.64 -

3.89 0.03 -5.49 23.99 4.13 -

0.04 -2.42 1.69 -1.96 3.12 1.64 0.92 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.77 2.77 -

3.27 0.00 3.26 0.01

4.23 0.00 4.13 0.08

5.81 0.00 5.79 0.00

6.63 0.00 6.61 0.00

6.67 0.00 6.65 0.00

6.53 0.00 6.52 0.00

2.51 2.39 -

2.32 -5.79 2.43 -20.02

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.00 1.29 0.23 0.11 0.04

0.00 1.45 0.20 0.04 0.06

0.01 1.71 0.11 0.02 0.11

0.01 1.93 0.03 0.07 0.22

0.00 0.01 2.06 0.02 0.11 0.17

0.00 0.01 2.05 0.01 0.09 0.17

0.00 0.01 2.13 0.03 0.09 0.21

5.70 1.69 -4.13 -10.39 6.77

1.14 -7.22 9.04 3.56

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.91 0.73 0.01 0.34 0.08

0.17 e 0.99 1.01 0.18 0.36 0.07

0.22 0.01 1.25 1.24 0.14 0.24 0.15

0.22 0.01 1.38 1.62 0.11 0.17 0.44

0.21 0.01 0.01 1.53 1.67 0.13 0.17 0.15

0.21 0.01 0.01 1.56 1.66 0.14 0.16 0.13

0.20 0.01 0.01 1.58 1.62 0.07 0.14 0.19

1.87 3.14 19.46 -2.03 3.52

-0.29 -0.55 1.22 1.42 -3.56 -2.87 1.13

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.30 0.34 0.34 -

0.00 0.41 0.31 0.31 -

0.00 0.06 0.65 0.88 0.45 0.43

0.00 0.06 0.84 2.33 0.44 1.89

0.01 0.09 1.11 0.87 0.41 0.46

0.01 0.09 1.13 1.01 0.46 0.55

0.01 0.09 1.13 1.17 0.42 0.75

4.58 5.68 1.61 -

9.91 1.66 2.99 1.51 -0.38 2.99

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.263

NEW ZEALAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

1.8 -0.0 -0.0

1.6 -0.1 -0.1

2.0 0.0 -0.3 -

3.0 0.0 -1.6 0.1

4.0 0.5 -2.6 0.6

3.8 0.5 -2.1 -0.1

4.4 0.2 -2.4 0.0

0.4 14.7 x

3.4 24.9 10.4 x

1.8

1.5

1.7

1.5

2.5

2.1

2.2

-0.5

1.2

Statistical difference

-

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

0.2

0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-0.5

-0.2

-0.2 e

-0.7

-1.8

-1.3

..

-4.4

9.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.5 -0.5 -

-0.2 -0.2 -

-0.2 -0.2 -0.1

-0.5 -0.3 -0.2

-1.6 -1.4 -0.2

-1.1 -0.9 -0.2

.. .. ..

-4.5 -6.5 -

8.4 9.2 6.3

0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -

0.0 e -0.0 e 0.0 -

-0.1 -0.2 0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 0.0 -

-0.2 -0.2 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-

15.4 0.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

-

2.4

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

Final consumption

1.3

1.2

1.3

0.7

0.9

0.8

..

-0.0

-2.7

Industry(5)

1.0 0.1 -

0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1

1.0 0.4 e -

0.5 0.0 -

0.7 0.1 -

0.6 0.1 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.0 9.9 -

-2.4 -9.9 -

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-5.8

0.3 0.0 0.2

0.4 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.1 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.2 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0

.. .. ..

-0.3 19.5 -4.1

-4.0 -3.6 -7.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.264 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2.04 0.59 0.59 0.05 0.08 0.83 0.18 0.12 0.03 0.49 0.45 -

1.84 0.26 0.23 0.03 0.64 0.79 0.79 0.25 -

1.79 0.45 0.43 0.02 0.67 0.49 0.49 0.13 -

3.94 2.42 2.41 0.02 0.76 0.51 0.51 0.14 -

2.83 1.17 1.17 0.01 0.77 0.59 0.59 0.16 -

3.37 1.96 1.96 0.00 0.74 0.61 0.61 0.18 -

2.70 1.27 1.27 0.00 0.76 0.57 0.04 0.54 0.10 -

-0.83 -6.61 -7.50 23.70 -0.37 4.03 -4.77 -

2.03 8.71 9.36 -16.09 0.86 -1.67 -2.00 -4.53 -

-

0.25 -

-

0.12 -

-

-

0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 -

-

-25.20 -

0.13 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.04 -

0.16 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.11 0.08 -

0.21 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.17 0.08 -

0.25 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.20 0.06 -

0.26 0.02 0.02 0.22 0.22 0.05 -

0.25 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.25 0.05 -

0.26 0.02 0.02 0.21 0.21 0.03 -

1.63 2.11 6.68 5.52 -

2.62 2.02 2.02 3.37 3.37 -4.55 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.265

NEW ZEALAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

36.23 c 90.62 .. ..

41.62 c 162.81 .. ..

c c 157.65 .. 83.90

c c 155.06 .. 66.32

c c 268.54 330.60 188.58

c c 295.36 360.75 216.43

c c 393.95 .. 186.35

c c 295.50 .. 180.12

c c 400.07 .. 182.01

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Zealand dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

c c c

34.00 c 126.00 .. ..

41.75 c 242.00 .. ..

c c 382.76 .. 181.01

c c 494.68 .. 187.99

c c 599.04 737.46 373.78

c c 581.68 710.45 378.73

c c 812.59 .. 341.53

c c 684.13 .. 370.53

c c 803.28 .. 324.71

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. -

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 -

0.91 0.91 0.01 0.90 -

0.55 0.55 0.01 0.54 -

0.45 0.45 0.01 0.44 -

0.51 0.51 0.00 0.51 -

0.19 0.19 0.19 -

0.03 .. .. 0.03

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

0.32 0.32 0.32 -

1.60 1.60 1.60 -

2.79 2.79 2.79 -

2.09 2.09 2.09 -

2.57 2.57 2.57 -

2.09 2.09 2.04 0.05 -

2.42 2.42 2.31 0.11 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.266 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

1

-

8

4

31

729

606

706

251

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

7 -

4 -

15 -

8 -

7 -

4 -

-

-

-

7

4

15

8

7

4

-

1 1 -

-

1 -

-

16 -

721 -

599 -

702 -

251 -

-

-

1

-

16

721

599

702

251

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.267

NEW ZEALAND 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

11

315

336

1334

1529

2014

2561

2034

2301

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

11 11 -

308 308 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7 7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

336

1334

1529

2014

2561

2034

2301

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.268 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NEW ZEALAND 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

-

80

-

-

-

-

-

73

118

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

-

70 70 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China

-

10 10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

73

118

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.269

NORWAY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 50

140

45

120

40 100

35 30

80

25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 4.5

1.8

4.0

1.6

3.5

1.4

3.0

1.2

2.5

1.0

2.0

0.8

1.5

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 160

45

140

40 35

120

30

100

25 80 20 60

15

40

10

20

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.270 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

20.37 1.30 10.76 8.95 -0.64 -

26.17 1.44 12.44 1.24 0.84 10.27 -0.06 -

30.00 1.23 11.52 2.82 1.47 14.88 -1.95 0.03

36.95 1.54 12.79 5.92 1.95 17.07 0.00 -2.34 0.03

42.57 1.23 16.76 6.94 2.08 17.08 0.11 -1.70 0.07

40.35 0.80 15.08 7.84 2.04 15.51 0.12 -1.10 0.06

44.19 1.20 17.53 7.81 2.12 14.44 0.11 0.93 0.06

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.30 -0.31 0.40 3.04 6.81 -

1.57 -2.24 1.43 5.53 1.73 0.22 -2.96 3.74

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 67 0.30 4.0 5.14 138.4 212.5 139.3 73 32.1

1980 91 0.29 4.1 6.40 130.6 172.5 126.0 84 45.9

1990 117 0.26 4.2 7.07 116.8 115.5 127.2 122 71.0

2000 168 0.22 4.5 8.23 100.0 100.0 100.0 140 100.0

2008 199 0.21 4.8 8.93 97.5 67.7 86.6 141 92.9

2009 196 0.21 4.8 8.36 93.8 44.8 82.6 132 89.3

2010e 197 0.22 4.8 9.13 102.3 66.7 .. 124 84.3

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.33 2.75 -0.99 -1.15 0.40 0.68 1.89 0.88 -0.99 -1.15 -3.52 -4.86 -0.53 -2.25 3.05 0.43 4.79 1.21

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.23 0.18 -

0.16 0.13 -

0.29 -

0.61 -

3.29 -

2.53 -

1.86 -

4.31 -

12.07 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.23 0.18 -

0.16 0.13 -

0.30 -

0.63 -

3.43 -

2.64 -

1.94 -

4.68 -

12.07 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.271

NORWAY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

19.08 1.17 10.44 7.47 -

22.83 1.24 11.56 0.84 9.19 -

24.91 1.11 10.52 1.28 11.89 0.11

28.28 1.36 10.72 0.85 1.71 13.46 0.18

29.81 0.91 12.44 0.99 1.52 13.59 0.35

29.94 0.95 12.00 1.22 1.64 13.76 0.38

28.36 0.67 11.73 1.00 1.60 12.94 0.42

1.58 -0.34 0.04 2.78 -

0.69 -2.59 0.58 1.17 0.44 7.55

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.34 1.08 2.69 4.57 -

9.19 1.20 2.83 0.26 4.91 -

8.62 1.09 1.33 0.55 5.63 0.02

9.91 1.36 1.09 0.25 0.85 6.34 0.03

9.36 0.91 1.44 0.26 0.61 6.10 0.04

9.53 0.94 1.41 0.30 0.62 6.22 0.04

7.99 0.67 1.29 0.30 0.52 5.17 0.04

0.19 0.06 -4.08 1.23 -

-0.39 -2.54 -0.13 -0.26 -0.45 2.82

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

3.28 3.21 -

4.13 4.05 -

4.87 4.79 -

5.80 5.72 0.00

6.86 6.68 0.06

6.77 6.50 0.07

6.64 6.36 0.07

2.35 2.37 -

1.65 1.50 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.06 2.68 0.09 0.63 -

0.08 4.55 0.05 1.17 -

0.08 5.15 0.01 0.64 -

0.08 5.46 0.00 0.35 0.00

0.04 0.08 5.48 0.29 0.01

0.12 0.08 5.48 0.24 0.00

0.13 0.08 5.70 0.24 0.00

1.33 3.92 -12.87 0.15 -

0.04 0.54 -5.09 -

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.96 0.82 0.00 0.01 -

0.57 2.77 2.33 0.98 -

0.74 3.72 0.04 2.92 0.49 -

0.82 4.26 0.03 3.03 0.34 0.00

0.83 4.29 0.07 3.49 0.00 0.32 0.02

0.86 4.29 0.09 3.52 0.00 0.30 0.03

0.90 4.47 0.09 3.67 0.00 0.34 0.03

3.84 7.72 22.95 -

1.06 0.96 5.20 1.21 -1.90 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.81 1.58 1.58 -

1.35 2.24 2.24 -

2.38 0.05 2.63 2.63 -

0.04 2.53 0.13 2.98 2.38 0.60

0.03 2.87 0.25 3.46 2.84 0.62

0.04 2.91 0.25 3.51 2.72 0.79

0.04 2.96 0.29 3.11 2.54 0.57

6.55 3.03 3.03 -

1.16 10.05 0.88 -0.19 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.272 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

0.4 1.0 -0.1 0.1

0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.0

0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.0

0.6 1.4 -0.6 0.1

3.3 1.1 -3.2 0.1

2.5 0.7 -2.3 -0.1

1.9 1.1 -1.6 -0.2

-2.1 1.3 3.9 x

12.1 -3.0 12.4 x

Primary supply

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5

1.2

0.8

1.2

-0.3

-2.2

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-0.1 e

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1 e

-0.1

..

-0.5

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

.. .. ..

3.5 3.5 -

0.6 0.6 -

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e 0.0 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.3 -1.4 -

-0.8 -0.8 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

-0.1 e -0.1 e -

Final consumption

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.9

0.7

..

-0.3

-2.6

Industry(5)

1.1 0.8 e 0.1 0.1 -

1.2 0.9 e 0.2 0.1 -

1.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0

1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 -

0.9 0.4 e 0.3 0.2 -

0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 -0.6 3.4 1.5 -

-2.5 -5.0 0.7 1.5 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

.. .. ..

-10.7 -12.9

-9.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.273

NORWAY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

0.42 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.25 0.10 0.00 0.01 -

0.75 0.02 0.02 0.74 0.48 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.01 -

1.04 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.47 0.22 0.27 0.00 0.00 -

0.80 0.03 0.03 0.69 0.31 0.19 0.19 -

0.76 0.03 0.03 0.64 0.25 0.19 0.21 -

0.83 0.02 0.02 0.67 0.27 0.21 0.20 -

0.54 0.03 0.03 0.49 0.18 0.14 0.17 -

5.00 0.84 0.84 6.54 5.75 1.12 3.44 -2.93 -

-1.73 1.13 1.13 -2.13 -4.95 0.99 1.23 -

0.41 0.41 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.274 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

39.79 .. 70.70 .. x

62.32 116.19 141.87 .. x

53.13 93.32 217.89 .. x

.. x x 249.16 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Norwegian crowns / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

.. x ..

200 .. 528 .. x

295 550 998 .. x

319 560 1943 .. x

.. x x 3123 x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

.. x x .. x

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.96 0.40 .. .. 0.56

1.25 0.74 0.27 0.47 0.52

1.20 0.68 0.68 0.52

1.41 0.88 0.88 0.53

0.89 0.51 0.51 0.38

1.01 0.58 0.58 0.43

1.06 0.62 0.62 0.44

0.68 0.41 0.41 0.27

1.08 0.66 0.66 0.42

0.13 0.08 .. .. 0.05

0.13 0.09 0.09 0.03

0.25 0.24 0.24 0.00

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00

2.17 2.17 2.17 -

3.23 3.23 3.23 -

3.21 3.21 3.21 -

2.30 2.30 2.30 -

1.58 1.58 1.58 0.00

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.275

NORWAY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

450

917

713

930

919

610

644

424

684

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

187 125 62 -

215 134 32 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

49 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

263 2 55 29 77 46 38

702 2 99 141 19 191 191

713 32 48 87 181 151 99

930 49 59 195 153 103 143

919 64 151 169 21 294

610 3 35 157 72 5 184

644 13 72 162 35 95 107

424 10 32 84 94 16 58

684 22 60 83 91 51 123

16 -

43 14 2 -

4 9 97 5 -

155 8 9 52 1 3

36 102 82 -

17 98 33 3 3 -

1 103 2 50 3 1

65 56 9 -

6 111 11 122 4

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.276 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

NORWAY 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

77

235

254

180

574

3371

3349

2397

1649

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

76 75 1 -

235 1 44 69 2 21 2 92 4 -

253 2 50 87 4 46 3 61 -

179 22 86 57 3 10 1 -

570 156 50 330 7 2 25 -

3371 324 2275 104 19 219 398 32

3349 9 340 66 145 2151 76 9 72 105 227 6 143 -

2397 28 158 173 1552 245 241 -

1649 185 773 282 111 217 12 69 -

-

-

-

1 1 -

4 2 -

-

-

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.277

POLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

140

180

120

160 100

140 120

80

100

60

80 60

40

40

20

20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 200

160

180

140

160

120

140 120

100

100

80

80

60

60 40

40 20

20

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

500

160

450

140

400 350

120

300

100

250 80

200

60

150

40

100

20

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.278 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

132.68 106.71 15.26 8.94 1.81 0.18 -0.22 -

180.89 142.57 23.79 12.53 1.74 0.29 -0.03 -

147.29 112.67 18.62 12.76 3.18 0.17 -0.13 -

127.31 80.43 27.36 14.22 5.81 0.26 0.00 0.00 -0.78 -

139.83 78.19 35.05 17.92 8.36 0.26 0.02 0.10 -0.08 -

134.27 73.04 34.39 17.14 9.51 0.29 0.02 0.14 -0.27 -

145.30 80.08 36.05 18.27 10.48 0.36 0.02 0.21 -0.17 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.62 0.32 1.18 2.12 3.37 -0.16 -3.02 -

-0.49 -2.26 3.28 1.56 5.93 2.76 3.99 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 103 1.29 33.4 3.98 173.6 221.0 98.4 84 ..

e e

e e e

1980 119 1.52 35.6 5.08 204.5 255.2 124.1 121 ..

e e

e e e

1990 118 1.25 38.0 3.87 167.7 203.0 141.4 134 61.6

2000 171 0.74 38.3 3.33 100.0 100.0 100.0 143 100.0

2008 238 0.59 38.1 3.67 79.1 70.0 85.9 155 163.8

2009 242 0.56 38.2 3.52 74.7 64.4 81.0 151 157.6

2010e 251 0.58 38.1 3.81 77.9 68.0 .. 157 175.0

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.82 3.84 -0.20 -4.16 0.77 0.02 -0.15 -0.50 -0.20 -4.16 -0.50 -5.87 2.16 -2.89 2.81 0.62 5.07

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

41.12 125.04 11.03 -

31.71 130.32 9.90 -

28.99 93.12 19.27 -

17.24 67.30 17.32 -

12.13 56.71 18.18 -

8.63 54.57 17.40 -

11.77 51.06 17.22 -

-2.87 -2.43 4.76 -

-6.18 -2.77 -0.54 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

40.85 151.78 41.01 -

31.50 161.63 36.87 -

28.79 118.94 67.58 -

17.22 86.11 59.48 -

12.02 72.32 59.67 -

8.54 69.52 57.11 -

11.66 65.05 56.51 -

-2.87 -2.01 4.25 -

-6.20 -2.79 -0.88 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.279

POLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

86.50 41.46 12.80 6.31 1.16 7.16 17.62

111.44 45.65 18.58 9.95 1.09 10.45 25.73

87.75 24.77 15.61 10.98 2.33 11.82 22.23

83.11 18.93 25.01 11.65 5.55 0.00 12.12 9.84

92.94 17.16 31.22 14.37 6.19 0.01 0.00 14.07 9.92

93.64 17.23 31.44 14.58 6.78 0.02 0.00 14.45 9.13

91.78 15.97 31.63 13.87 7.33 0.02 0.00 13.85 9.11

0.08 -2.98 1.17 3.31 4.19 3.00 1.38

0.24 -2.28 3.79 1.24 6.22 0.84 -4.59

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

37.49 14.39 2.08 4.25 0.24 4.68 11.85

46.00 14.89 2.95 5.46 0.44 6.40 15.85

32.86 9.37 1.34 3.58 0.97 5.25 12.34

25.01 10.69 2.60 3.26 1.41 4.97 2.07

23.67 7.06 2.01 4.41 1.71 5.63 2.85

21.89 6.30 1.77 4.34 1.80 5.44 2.25

20.10 5.17 1.87 4.18 1.96 4.89 2.03

-0.77 -2.49 -2.53 -1.00 8.70 0.68 0.24

-2.55 -3.08 1.75 0.82 3.76 -0.37 -9.07

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

12.81 5.23 7.16 -

13.11 2.57 9.94 -

10.18 0.25 9.26 -

13.59 12.93 0.09

21.01 19.98 0.43

22.37 20.83 0.48

22.80 21.06 0.40

-1.34 -16.42 1.52 -

4.34 4.42 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.43 19.71 13.58 e 0.17 0.44

0.59 28.81 17.83 e 0.25 1.81

0.67 26.64 10.48 e 0.06 4.17

0.57 24.55 6.11 1.27 4.35

0.15 0.45 26.27 7.50 1.38 4.52

0.63 0.44 26.59 8.12 1.18 4.48

0.95 0.39 26.77 8.09 1.13 4.60

2.74 1.79 -1.52 -6.21 14.15

-2.78 0.03 -1.35 16.89 0.52

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.81 0.67 4.03 7.90 6.10 e 0.12

0.56 1.32 7.05 10.93 8.04 e 0.41

1.17 2.48 8.28 7.08 3.08 e 0.47

3.24 0.00 2.58 6.99 7.09 0.75 0.56 1.32

3.48 0.01 3.24 6.14 9.63 0.95 0.81 2.21

3.50 0.01 3.33 5.97 10.44 1.05 0.85 2.41

3.50 0.02 3.38 6.06 10.49 1.14 0.70 2.40

2.16 7.98 4.33 -0.64 -3.95 8.40

5.93 1.64 -1.63 2.10 -5.08 8.95

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.09 0.88 0.71 4.60 1.03 2.10 1.47

0.03 2.37 1.13 6.01 0.26 3.01 2.74

0.32 0.00 3.41 0.74 6.22 0.10 3.49 2.62

0.20 0.00 0.00 4.57 0.89 7.36 0.26 4.37 2.74

0.20 0.00 0.00 5.05 0.88 7.17 0.22 4.14 2.81

0.27 0.00 0.00 4.98 0.99 6.56 0.04 4.29 2.24

-6.26 6.01 2.76 1.59 -7.77 2.14 3.75

12.33 3.99 -0.68 0.46 -9.87 1.89 -1.07

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

0.06 1.18 1.24 6.50 0.60 3.64 2.26

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.280 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

143.9 1.2 -38.5 0.2

171.9 1.0 -30.4 0.0

141.4 0.6 -29.3 0.0

101.9 1.5 -24.8 1.9

87.0 9.3 -14.4 -3.7

80.6 9.3 -13.1 -3.8

80.1 11.9 -16.2 4.4

-0.1 -4.2 -1.6 x

-2.9 15.9 -4.1 x

Primary supply

106.7

142.6

112.7

80.4

78.2

73.0

80.1

0.3

-2.3

Statistical difference

-4.7

-9.8

-5.7

0.5

-1.8

-1.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-57.7 e

-84.4 e

-80.2 e

-59.6 e

-57.2 e

-54.3 e

..

2.0

-2.0

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-52.9 e -36.7 e -16.2 e

-77.0 -53.6 -23.4

-74.9 -56.3 -18.7

-56.2 -53.4 -2.8

-54.9 -53.4 -1.6

-52.8 -51.3 -1.5

.. .. ..

2.1 2.5 0.8

-1.8 -0.5 -12.5

-0.5 e

-0.6

-0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-14.4

-

-4.3 e 0.0 -3.2 e -1.2 0.1

-6.8 e 0.0 -4.2 e -2.7 0.1

-5.2 e 0.0 -3.2 e -2.0 0.0

-3.4 e 0.0 -1.9 e -1.6 -

-2.3 e -1.5 e -0.8 -

-1.5 e -0.9 e -0.6 -

.. .. .. .. ..

1.2 -2.9 0.1 2.9 -23.8

-6.4 -6.5 -6.4 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-2.8 e

-2.7

-2.0

-2.3

-1.9

-1.3

..

-2.1

-2.3

Losses

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

..

x

x

Final consumption

41.5

45.7

24.8

18.9

17.2

16.0

Industry(5)

14.4 3.1 e 0.7 5.6 0.1

14.9 3.7 e 0.7 5.1 0.1

5.2

2.6

0.2

20.8 6.1 e 13.6 e

27.6 8.0 e 17.8 e

1.0

0.6

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

..

-3.0

-2.3

6.3 1.3 e 1.6 1.4 0.3

5.2 0.8 e 1.5 1.0 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.5 -1.0 -3.7 -3.4 -1.0

-3.1 -5.9 7.9 -5.7 8.5

-

-

-

..

-16.4

-

14.9 3.1 e 10.5 e

8.1 0.7 6.1

10.7 1.1 8.1

10.8 1.1 8.1

.. .. ..

-1.9 -3.9 -1.5

-1.7 -5.1 -1.4

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.0

..

-7.8

-9.9

9.4 2.6 e 0.4 3.1 0.1

10.7 3.0 e 1.8 2.1 0.5

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.281

POLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

127.71 84.76 57.61 27.15 1.64 1.49 9.35 0.11 0.36 5.05 0.08 3.76 25.23 0.04

102.10 77.55 55.18 22.38 0.08 0.38 6.74 0.05 0.32 3.19 0.07 3.11 14.56 0.01

70.04 51.63 48.60 3.03 9.70 0.79 2.17 2.30 0.68 3.76 8.10 0.01

69.28 50.82 47.98 2.84 5.82 0.47 1.23 1.28 0.55 2.29 8.99 0.09

71.69 52.83 50.51 2.31 5.93 0.51 1.21 1.84 0.40 1.98 9.61 0.09

69.66 48.82 47.51 1.31 5.96 0.19 2.03 1.61 0.35 1.79 10.10 0.09

65.82 47.01 45.59 1.42 5.34 0.20 1.96 1.18 0.38 1.63 10.21 0.04

-1.85 -0.74 -0.36 -1.60 -22.50 -10.73 -2.69 -6.00 -0.96 -3.75 -1.35 -1.55 -4.48 -7.78

-2.28 -2.60 -1.00 -13.50 -1.22 7.68 10.05 -5.12 9.45 -3.36 -1.85 5.40

25.85 .. .. .. 25.30 1.17 .. .. .. .. -

18.13 .. .. .. 18.21 0.16 .. .. .. .. -

13.33 0.05 0.00 0.05 12.38 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 -

11.16 0.08 0.08 11.38 -

13.64 0.12 0.12 13.75 0.04 0.00 0.04 -

13.01 0.11 0.11 13.27 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 -

9.91 0.06 0.06 9.37 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 -

-2.91 -2.70 -15.08 -

-3.13 -3.44 -

37.71 36.91 36.45 0.46 0.26 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.06 -

67.39 66.92 66.46 0.46 0.23 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.00

59.49 59.11 59.10 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.14 -

61.59 61.08 61.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.23 -

57.53 56.90 56.90 0.00 0.23 -

59.65 58.65 58.65 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.25 0.00

57.08 56.06 56.06 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.25 0.00

4.96 5.08 5.13 -0.05 -0.87 10.42 -4.76 2.43 0.54 -7.48 -

-0.87 -0.93 -0.89 -27.56 -4.60 -1.50 7.52 3.72

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.282 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

3.31 .. ..

17.03 61.62 ..

38.86 80.55 ..

69.75 231.18 193.81

79.21 271.84 244.42

110.19 375.73 291.72

109.84 280.56 243.40

107.21 359.43 251.65

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 35.19

.. .. 61.62 .. 63.43

48.83 39.10 80.60 .. 103.47

81.68 94.24 220.42 263.98 228.85

96.83 111.17 253.10 305.95 291.69

135.19 221.50 347.98 453.21 413.56

122.71 129.55 256.43 331.37 336.54

125.20 187.88 342.60 418.02 353.71

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1 000 Polish zlotys / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

0.000 .. ..

0.011 0.082 ..

0.123 0.490 ..

0.160 1.004 0.773

0.160 1.052 0.869

0.191 1.267 0.904

0.251 1.230 0.976

0.237 1.522 0.975

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 0.000

.. .. 0.082 .. 0.077

0.167 0.170 0.490 .. 0.578

0.202 0.295 0.957 1.146 0.913

0.216 0.309 0.979 1.184 1.037

0.254 0.539 1.173 1.528 1.281

0.295 0.408 1.111 1.443 1.350

0.290 0.571 1.434 1.759 1.371

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

1.17 1.17 .. .. -

1.01 1.01 1.01 -

0.56 0.56 0.56 -

1.46 1.44 1.27 0.17 0.02

4.80 4.65 1.44 3.22 0.00 0.15

5.51 5.35 2.29 3.06 0.00 0.16

9.28 9.17 3.53 5.63 0.01 0.11

9.34 9.27 2.28 6.99 0.01 0.06

11.89 11.74 3.19 8.55 0.01 0.14

38.55 34.32 .. .. 1.37 2.85

30.38 28.28 7.31 20.97 0.42 1.67

29.30 25.75 11.34 14.41 0.06 3.49

24.75 21.23 5.33 15.89 0.00 3.53

22.35 15.85 3.65 12.20 6.50

17.68 11.18 2.39 8.79 6.50

14.38 8.12 1.70 6.42 0.00 6.26

13.11 8.11 1.75 6.36 0.02 4.99

16.24 9.61 1.84 7.77 0.03 6.60

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.283

POLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

1044

1052

560

1497

1452

5924

10331

10793

13603

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1044 -

1052 -

560 -

1433 1301 2 -

1263 500 1

2268 1922 302 -

3500 63 1613 1648 -

2259 65 1071 963 -

3155 283 781 1839 -

1044

1052

560

130 -

736 26 -

40 4 -

146 30 -

58 98 4 -

198 54 -

-

-

-

64 26 -

189 11 94 6 1 2

3656 139 8 2

6831 191 5 5 54 315

8534 678 5 1 14

10448 1408 12 11 89

-

-

-

5 27 6

4 7 13 51 -

12 135 3042 318 -

9 359 167 5009 717 -

5 197 3 6977 651 3

5 146 8101 676 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.284 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

POLAND 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

16042

14450

11226

12296

5290

2363

1683

1725

1815

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

6619 .. 470 392 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1311 .. 54 .. .. .. .. 1525 429 .. .. .. 376 .. 125 .. 122 .. .. 1369 71 .. .. 375 ..

5025 .. 784 540 .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 82 .. .. .. .. .. 839 .. .. .. .. 315 .. 134 .. 125 .. .. 637 224 .. .. 1160 ..

2570 .. 566 105 .. .. .. .. .. 203 254 116 .. .. .. 2 .. 158 .. .. .. .. 98 .. .. .. 40 .. .. 234 .. .. .. 794 ..

6200 1 247 78 871 9 534 633 303 437 3 17 10 757 156 110 1063 58 310 2 178 421 2

3649 599 214 717 72 131 266 323 53 669 7 494 100 4 -

2363 608 1024 19 16 117 106 448 25 -

1651 411 941 96 203 -

1682 334 625 32 14 23 284 68 302 -

1797 367 12 720 2 119 499 78 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China

1472 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3797 861 .. .. .. .. .. 861 .. ..

4576 1249 .. .. 284 100 .. 1249 .. ..

6096 790 48 156 -

1641 143 529 62 2 2 -

-

32 -

43 -

18 -

1472

2075

1694

5102

903

-

32

43

18

7951

5628

4080

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports

Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.285

POLAND 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

24064

21674

16839

19572

17955

9537

6778

6671

8150

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

16188 .. 260 105 .. .. 274 3078 .. 4089 3441 2041 .. .. 331 .. 1437 .. .. .. 264 .. .. .. .. 174 8 .. 41 645

15271 .. 949 59 .. .. 1378 2056 .. 2407 883 2709 .. .. .. 735 .. 1150 .. .. .. .. 949 .. .. 43 .. .. 379 1292 24 .. 258 ..

13038 .. 1202 242 .. .. 2282 972 .. 2609 141 2583 .. .. .. 458 .. 507 .. .. .. .. 1043 .. .. .. .. .. 16 732 1 .. 250 ..

14569 591 306 1874 3161 2556 95 2649 315 308 285 408 35 146 226 2 768 843 1

17132 1213 375 863 2214 3 1175 1336 6396 1 279 196 913 208 88 5 286 12 382 146 1040 1

9267 1230 1372 353 273 321 4328 143 255 6 70 134 169 3 39 294 277 -

6742 972 1 934 151 88 3655 116 266 2 124 151 26 59 197 -

6652 878 79 827 91 224 358 2647 54 240 165 66 2 204 5 59 176 577 -

8053 443 216 684 437 185 583 4007 54 228 73 73 133 23 132 214 568 -

29 .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. .. ..

23 .. .. .. .. 23 .. .. ..

34 .. .. 16 18 .. .. ..

4974 37 -

823 1 16 3

270 247 -

36 5 -

19 -

97 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

..

..

..

4937

803

23

31

19

97

7847

6380

3767

29

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.286 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 40

600

35

500

30 400 25 20

300

15

200

10 100 5 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 60

70

50

60 50

40

40 30 30 20

20

10

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.287

PORTUGAL 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

9.85 0.72 7.32 0.91 0.90 -0.00 -

14.27 0.61 11.42 1.03 0.98 0.00 0.22 -

23.91 3.94 15.29 3.54 1.13 0.00 0.02 0.00 -

35.25 5.44 21.30 2.90 3.96 1.39 0.10 0.05 0.11 -

34.90 3.61 17.84 5.91 4.52 0.84 0.26 0.76 1.16 -

34.42 4.09 16.75 6.02 4.69 1.02 0.25 1.01 0.59 -

33.60 2.36 16.31 6.36 4.79 1.98 0.26 1.22 0.32 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 5.35 10.47 4.43 8.30 1.32 -

1.94 0.20 0.48 1.50 -0.53 23.55 24.40 29.15 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 51 0.19 8.7 1.13 63.9 30.5 48.7 10 39.7

1980 64 0.22 9.9 1.45 74.6 20.6 68.9 15 54.7

1990 87 0.27 10.0 2.39 90.8 96.9 82.1 28 87.1

2000 117 0.30 10.2 3.45 100.0 100.0 100.0 43 100.0

2008 127 0.28 10.6 3.29 91.6 61.5 116.6 45 92.3

2009 123 0.28 10.6 3.24 92.6 71.3 118.3 49 84.6

2010e 125 0.27 10.6 3.16 89.2 40.6 .. 53 86.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.20 1.83 2.09 0.11 0.81 0.33 4.51 1.60 2.09 0.11 7.05 -1.60 3.12 1.94 6.45 2.97 4.73 -0.15

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.11 -

0.10 -

0.16 -

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.18 -

0.18 -

0.28 -

-

-

-

-

3.78 -

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.288 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

8.19 0.34 6.02 0.83 1.00 -

11.30 0.36 8.24 0.91 1.76 0.03

19.07 0.92 11.87 3.32 0.02 2.89 0.04

27.77 0.68 17.58 1.13 3.45 0.00 0.03 4.71 0.19

29.15 0.24 16.39 2.06 3.91 0.01 0.04 6.02 0.48

27.88 0.10 15.37 2.06 3.89 0.01 0.04 5.94 0.45

26.97 0.03 14.56 2.05 3.93 0.01 0.05 5.88 0.45

5.09 6.00 4.08 8.52 6.42 -

1.84 -16.17 1.08 0.88 6.81 3.80 13.47

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

3.32 0.20 2.03 0.46 0.63 -

4.76 0.28 3.00 0.44 1.01 0.03

6.65 0.85 2.58 1.68 1.50 0.04

8.89 0.62 3.38 0.94 1.81 1.96 0.18

8.42 0.24 1.98 1.48 2.05 2.21 0.46

7.95 0.10 1.75 1.45 2.05 2.16 0.43

7.40 0.03 1.64 1.36 1.95 1.99 0.43

4.17 8.87 1.40 7.97 5.26 -

0.57 -15.79 -2.35 0.78 1.49 13.22

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.28 0.03 2.23 -

3.23 0.00 3.20 -

4.63 4.60 -

8.53 8.49 0.00

9.26 8.99 0.02

9.29 9.03 0.02

9.27 8.88 0.02

4.26 4.35 -

3.72 3.53 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.03 1.15 0.08 0.50 -

0.03 1.47 0.04 0.56 -

0.04 3.26 0.06 0.83 -

0.04 4.01 0.04 0.97 0.10

0.19 0.06 4.61 0.90 0.31

0.18 0.06 4.46 0.79 0.33

0.32 0.06 4.58 0.76 0.38

2.09 6.30 -1.80 3.08 -

2.36 1.79 -0.47 -

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.37 0.21 0.36 0.02 0.20 -

0.47 0.40 0.62 0.02 0.29 -

1.64 0.01 0.73 0.86 0.02 0.24 -

1.64 0.02 1.24 0.01 1.99 0.02 0.48 0.08

1.66 0.02 1.70 0.01 2.92 0.72 0.24

1.66 0.03 1.65 0.01 2.79 0.55 0.26

1.66 0.03 1.74 0.01 2.93 0.63 0.29

9.13 7.73 5.26 -0.37 0.95 -

0.05 10.23 4.71 6.67 5.25 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.14 0.54 0.54 -

0.31 0.74 0.74 -

0.01 0.59 3.01 3.01 -

0.00 0.01 1.39 0.00 3.33 3.33 -

0.01 0.01 1.92 0.01 3.26 3.26 -

0.01 0.02 1.94 0.01 2.77 2.77 -

0.01 0.02 1.96 0.01 2.18 2.18 -

8.92 10.64 10.64 -

3.94 6.50 -1.67 -1.67 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.289

PORTUGAL 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

0.2 0.4 -0.0 0.1

0.1 0.5 0.0

0.2 4.3 -0.0 -0.5

5.7 -0.1 -0.2

3.3 -0.0 0.3

4.4 -0.1 -0.3

2.4 -0.1 0.0

-0.8 14.9 -2.2 x

0.2 9.5 x

Primary supply

0.7

0.6

3.9

5.4

3.6

4.1

2.4

10.5

0.2

Statistical difference

0.1

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-0.4 e

-0.2 e

-3.0 e

-4.7 e

-3.5

-4.0

..

12.6

1.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.3 -0.3 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-2.9 -2.9 -0.0

-4.6 -4.6 -0.1

-3.5 -3.5 -

-4.0 -4.0 -

.. .. ..

14.1 14.1 -

1.7 1.8 -

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

-

-

..

1.2

-

-0.2 e -0.1 e -0.0 0.0

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-0.1 e -0.1 e -0.0 -

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.5 -2.3 -0.1 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

0.5

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

..

x

x

Final consumption

0.3

0.4

0.9

0.7

0.1

0.0

..

6.0

-16.2

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.2 0.1 e 0.0 -

0.3 0.2 e 0.0 0.0 -

0.8 0.1 e 0.0 0.7 -

0.6 0.1 e 0.0 0.4 -

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

8.9 0.9 26.6 -

-15.8 -14.9 1.2 -20.6 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

-

-

.. .. ..

-2.4 -0.4 -1.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.290 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.21 0.17 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 -

4.08 3.26 3.26 0.82 0.01 0.81 0.00 0.00 -

5.66 5.17 5.17 0.48 0.48 -

5.48 5.44 5.44 0.02 0.02 -

4.74 4.44 4.44 0.28 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.00 -

4.16 4.03 4.03 0.11 0.01 0.02 0.08 -

4.68 4.64 4.64 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 -

28.21 27.90 27.90 29.73 6.99 32.70 -

0.72 1.87 1.87 -15.97 2.73 -20.62 -

0.42 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 0.06 0.01 -

0.31 0.31 -

0.50 0.49 -

-

-

-

-

-2.48 -0.59 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.291

PORTUGAL 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

31.26 48.18 x

44.39 94.94 x

58.90 76.31 x

34.67 108.41 ..

66.84 226.75 276.16

87.61 258.04 288.89

162.01 350.48 403.88

93.31 246.45 295.07

101.19 .. 302.98

.. 175.90 54.80 .. x

.. 243.16 102.26 .. x

.. 52.51 131.62 .. x

37.98 31.67 161.36 170.14 ..

.. .. x 353.37 310.31

.. .. x 385.43 333.49

.. .. x 517.01 426.16

.. .. x 410.20 376.54

.. .. x 477.42 432.07

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

5.97 14.47 x

9.64 32.42 x

36.47 74.30 x

32.81 161.32 ..

46.46 247.84 282.98

55.78 257.09 271.14

96.65 327.20 355.18

58.58 242.12 273.07

66.63 .. 294.10

.. 38.51 16.46 .. x

.. 60.53 34.92 .. x

.. 37.27 128.16 .. x

35.94 34.35 240.10 253.17 ..

.. .. x 386.25 317.98

.. .. x 384.02 313.01

.. .. x 482.66 374.78

.. .. x 402.99 348.47

.. .. x 491.96 419.41

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.41 0.37 .. .. 0.04

0.50 0.40 0.39 0.01 0.10

4.28 4.27 0.38 3.89 0.01

5.67 5.67 0.49 5.18 -

5.00 5.00 5.00 -

4.16 4.16 4.16 0.00

3.32 3.32 3.32 0.00

4.42 4.42 4.42 0.00

2.42 2.42 2.42 -

0.02 .. .. 0.02

-

0.01 0.01

0.08 0.08

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 0.04 -

0.06 0.06 0.06 -

0.10 0.10 0.10 -

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.292 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

PORTUGAL 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

412

1395

4669

6003

6367

4782

3829

5061

2671

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

404 8 122 3 257 -

356 125 231 -

377 162 40 20 155 -

540 191 212 110 27 -

487 289 198 -

-

-

-

-

14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8 3 -

1039 34 2 43 111 669 68

4292 177 1555 4

5463 265 1431 -

5880 343 19

4782 389 223

3829 3 273 228

5061 1064 240

2671 509 221

5 -

104 7 1

390 2112 54 -

727 2654 80 306 -

2846 156 2426 90 -

2403 60 1551 126 30 -

1873 154 1242 21 35 -

1894 1654 73 26 110 -

1405 483 53 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.293

PORTUGAL 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

75.65

55.35

46.39

231.71

105.53

360.89

..

..

..

.. 73.86 .. 57.60 63.00 .. .. .. ..

51.91 56.95 .. 57.64 .. .. .. .. ..

.. 42.28 .. .. 50.09 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

54.62 .. .. .. .. 59.44 .. 54.07 49.05 45.19 .. ..

44.77 44.95 .. .. 39.36 47.42 .. 42.91 44.07 42.86 .. ..

29.35 .. .. .. 47.92 37.75 .. 26.97 29.80 40.29 .. ..

64.49 .. .. .. 61.53 62.53 .. 64.93 63.24 .. .. ..

58.25 .. .. .. .. 68.83 .. 58.48 56.56 .. .. ..

77.76 .. .. .. .. 91.17 .. 76.29 76.81 .. .. ..

139.87 .. .. .. .. 98.21 .. .. 157.27 .. .. ..

80.41 .. .. .. .. 85.92 .. 75.73 80.98 69.63 .. ..

91.70 .. .. .. .. 99.26 .. 86.34 96.48 73.90 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.294 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 35

120

30

100

25

80

20

60

15 40 10 20 5 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 35

60

30

50

25

Other transformation

2009

40

20 30 15 20

10

10

5

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.295

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

22.17 11.37 7.70 2.23 0.27 0.09 0.16 0.35 -

28.36 11.71 10.71 3.31 0.26 1.68 0.28 0.41 -

30.47 11.19 6.42 7.27 0.25 4.48 0.23 0.64 -

25.35 6.10 4.03 8.25 0.59 6.14 0.57 -0.33 -

26.15 5.73 5.21 7.38 0.98 6.29 0.50 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00

23.89 5.53 4.75 6.32 1.25 5.32 0.54 0.01 0.00 0.16 -

24.67 4.91 5.11 7.29 1.01 5.53 0.67 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.89 -0.10 -1.07 7.20 -0.47 26.15 2.09 3.62 -

-1.27 -3.64 -1.56 -0.73 8.89 0.91 4.54 -6.99 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 14 1.61 4.6 4.78 129.6 276.3 82.9 12 ..

e e

e e e

1980 16 1.74 5.0 5.69 139.8 239.8 108.0 20 ..

e e

e e e

1990 19 1.61 5.3 5.75 129.7 197.8 114.8 25 112.2

e e

e e e

2000 20 1.24 5.4 4.69 100.0 100.0 100.0 31 100.0

2008 33 0.79 5.4 4.84 64.0 58.2 69.8 29 177.1

2009 31 0.76 5.4 4.41 61.4 59.1 68.4 26 154.3

2010e 33 0.76 5.4 4.56 60.9 50.4 .. 27 185.5

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.89 2.69 0.00 -3.86 0.78 0.12 1.10 -1.39 0.00 -3.86 -1.95 -6.16 1.93 -2.69 4.38 0.09 1.69

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.43 -

2.42 -

2.00 -

1.45 -

0.89 -

0.93 -

0.86 -

-1.62 -

-3.92 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

5.80 -

5.80 -

4.77 -

3.65 -

2.42 -

2.57 -

2.38 -

-1.63 -

-3.19 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.296 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

15.51 5.49 5.47 2.01 0.27 1.51 0.75

18.61 5.84 7.20 2.33 0.26 2.34 0.64

22.50 5.88 6.99 5.59 0.25 2.88 0.93

16.32 2.02 4.30 5.95 0.46 2.70 0.88

16.47 1.76 4.50 5.46 0.68 0.00 0.00 3.02 1.06

16.87 1.87 4.64 5.58 0.71 0.00 0.00 3.04 1.02

15.48 1.98 4.00 4.63 0.93 0.00 0.00 2.84 1.10

2.21 0.40 1.44 6.22 -0.47 3.85 1.22

-1.95 -5.55 -2.89 -0.99 7.18 -0.07 0.90

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

8.06 3.80 2.07 0.88 0.27 1.02 0.03

9.06 2.50 4.03 0.65 0.26 1.58 0.02

8.69 2.71 1.96 1.90 0.25 1.84 0.03

5.19 1.60 0.31 1.60 0.46 1.20 0.03

5.23 1.40 0.36 1.40 0.49 1.50 0.09

5.21 1.38 0.38 1.35 0.45 1.54 0.10

4.46 1.15 0.19 1.08 0.59 1.32 0.12

0.45 -1.96 -0.31 4.67 -0.47 3.53 -0.84

-3.45 -4.40 -11.45 -2.95 4.68 -1.73 8.49

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

2.39 2.32 -

2.15 1.73 0.30

2.07 1.92 -

2.05 1.93 -

3.46 2.60 0.65

3.78 2.75 0.78

3.28 2.38 0.59

-0.86 -1.09 -

2.46 1.14 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.08 1.03 0.02 0.30

0.12 1.64 0.29 0.03 0.59

0.14 3.21 0.62 0.05 1.56

0.12 3.69 0.08 0.02 2.35

0.13 0.07 2.97 0.06 0.02 1.59

0.18 0.07 3.04 0.09 0.03 1.69

0.24 0.06 3.07 0.07 0.03 1.72

3.65 6.89 4.98 10.10

-4.32 -0.24 -11.14 -3.58 0.53

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.19 0.52 0.77 0.47

0.29 0.44 3.95 2.65 0.41 0.54

0.45 0.53 5.22 2.36 0.34 1.90

0.00 e 0.67 0.58 e 3.14 0.27 0.02 1.94

0.06 0.57 0.69 2.67 0.22 0.01 1.32

0.05 0.56 0.63 2.77 0.33 0.01 1.30

0.06 0.54 0.65 2.78 0.70 0.03 0.82

5.24 0.07 11.89 8.53

0.98 1.17 -3.27 -6.19 -11.82 -4.33

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.13 0.17 0.70 0.40 0.30

0.20 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.11 0.20

0.30 0.33 2.29 0.05 2.25 -

0.00 0.65 0.26 e 1.95 0.05 1.90 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.28 1.94 0.07 1.40 0.47

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.28 1.86 0.07 1.38 0.42

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.32 1.71 0.06 1.27 0.38

5.04 3.86 7.20 10.64 -

5.83 -0.20 -1.53 1.44 -2.95 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.297

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

2.4 8.9 -

2.4 9.0 -0.1 0.3

2.0 8.9 -0.1 0.5

1.5 5.0 -0.1 -0.2

0.9 5.2 -0.2 -0.1

0.9 4.8 -0.2 0.0

0.9 4.2 -0.4 0.2

-1.1 -0.0 x

-3.9 -3.2 2.7 x

Primary supply

11.4

11.7

11.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

4.9

-0.1

-3.6

Statistical difference

-1.9

-0.1

-0.0

0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

Total transformation

-4.0 e

-5.1 e

-4.6 e

-3.6 e

-3.2

-3.0

..

0.8

-2.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.7 -2.7 -

-4.1 -3.5 -0.6

-3.3 -2.9 -0.5

-2.4 -2.1 -0.3

-2.1 -1.9 -0.2

-1.8 -1.6 -0.2

.. .. ..

1.2 0.3 -

-3.1 -2.9 -4.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-1.3 e -0.6 e -0.7 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-1.3 e -1.2 e -0.1 -

-1.2 e -1.0 e -0.2 -

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1 -

-1.1 -1.1 -0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1 4.4 -11.8 -

-0.7 -0.5 -3.4 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-0.6

-0.6

-0.4

-0.5

-0.5

..

-

-1.7

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

..

x

x

Final consumption

5.5

5.8

5.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

..

0.4

-5.6

Industry(5)

3.8 1.5 e -

2.5 1.0 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

2.7 1.4 e 0.3 0.2 0.2

1.6 1.0 e 0.1 0.2 0.2

1.4 1.0 0.2 0.1

1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.0 -0.4 -

-4.4 -2.9 0.2 -2.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

1.7 -

3.3 2.7 0.3

3.1 2.4 0.6

0.4 0.3 0.1

0.4 0.3 0.1

0.8 0.7 0.1

.. .. ..

3.6 -

-7.1 -6.2 -11.1

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

..

-

1.4

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses (4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.298 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

3.97 2.21 2.21 1.24 1.24 -

2.74 1.98 1.68 0.30 - e 0.65 0.39 e 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.10 e 0.10 -

2.06 1.33 1.12 0.21 - e 0.68 0.36 e 0.20 0.11 0.01 e 0.05 -

2.25 1.54 1.33 0.21 - e 0.70 0.46 e 0.17 0.06 0.01 e 0.00 -

2.17 1.29 1.13 0.16 0.67 0.42 0.18 0.06 0.01 0.20 0.02

2.03 1.08 0.93 0.15 0.61 0.37 0.19 0.05 0.01 0.32 0.02

1.94 0.77 0.66 0.11 0.55 0.31 0.17 0.07 0.00 0.61 0.01

-3.04 -0.91 -2.25 -5.27 -19.12 -

-1.82 -4.83 -4.80 -5.02 -0.84 -1.23 1.81 4.64 -21.40 9.96 -

2.18 2.15 0.03 0.03 -

3.14 2.92 0.18 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.60 2.21 0.35 e 0.04 0.04 e - e -

2.74 2.35 0.38 e 0.01 0.01 e - e -

2.85 2.39 0.47 -

2.62 2.21 0.41 -

2.39 2.01 0.38 -

3.08 2.56 3.54 -

-1.42 -1.95 4.12 -

4.21 3.03 2.89 0.14 0.60 0.01 0.30 0.01 0.17 0.11 0.54 -

3.31 2.86 2.83 0.03 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.23 -

2.94 2.52 2.51 0.02 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.26 -

3.37 2.85 2.83 0.02 0.23 0.06 0.17 0.00 0.28 -

3.27 2.86 2.83 0.04 0.21 0.03 0.18 0.00 0.19 -

-0.57 -0.52 -1.23 -3.77 -9.77 -

-6.81 -1.39 -1.02 -10.44 -12.10 -6.63 -4.15 -28.30 -16.63 -

13.36 3.98 3.98 3.82 3.82 -

12.48 3.74 3.43 0.31 2.41 0.19 0.61 0.09 0.41 1.11 5.99 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.299

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

4.30 51.12 44.83

4.81 51.55 53.16

8.61 88.03 77.00

.. .. 78.88

.. x 294.77

.. x 326.90

.. x 559.19

.. x 514.06

.. x 310.11

7.88 27.50 51.12 x 44.83

8.51 28.29 51.55 x 53.16

15.25 56.55 88.03 x 77.00

.. .. .. .. 78.88

.. .. x 217.62 294.77

.. .. x 244.49 326.90

.. .. x 366.24 484.11

.. .. x 235.31 401.88

.. .. x 321.05 415.89

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

1.79 33.86 27.55

1.99 33.86 32.40

4.48 72.70 59.00

.. .. 155.67

.. x 372.92

.. x 344.22

.. x 509.74

.. x 475.74

.. x 301.03

3.29 13.18 33.86 x 27.55

3.52 13.44 33.86 x 32.40

7.93 33.79 72.70 x 59.00

.. .. .. .. 155.67

.. .. x 296.70 372.92

.. .. x 277.44 344.22

.. .. x 359.78 441.30

.. .. x 234.68 371.92

.. .. x 335.85 403.71

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

8.95 4.76 .. .. 2.91 1.28

9.03 4.42 2.22 2.20 4.22 0.39

8.87 5.31 2.99 2.33 2.96 0.60

4.95 4.50 2.58 1.92 0.31 0.14

5.36 4.45 2.84 1.61 0.41 0.50

5.68 4.83 2.72 2.11 0.41 0.44

5.16 4.26 2.52 1.74 0.50 0.40

4.82 4.19 2.38 1.80 0.37 0.27

4.19 3.33 2.11 1.22 0.29 0.58

.. .. -

0.07 0.06 0.01

0.13 0.13 -

0.06 0.00 0.06

0.21 0.21

0.22 0.22

0.24 0.24

0.22 0.22

0.38 0.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.300 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

6151

5474

5866

4932

4851

5286

4600

4359

3441

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

2180 -

2783 -

3132 -

2746 1683 e 1063 e -

2596 901 e 669 e -

2852 231 1444 364 306 -

2643 64 1473 203 427 -

2389 1526 333 370 -

2115 1343 445 223 -

2180

2783

3132

1026 e -

43 464

13 463

113 47 -

96 8 -

3971 -

2691 -

2734 -

2186 547 e 226 e -

2255 931 e 286 e -

2434 214 262 -

1957 279 147 -

1970 366 113 -

1326 305 2 96 -

3971

2691

2734

1413 e -

579 e 459 e -

1820 12 126

1434 18 79

1464 27 -

831 29 63

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.301

SLOVENIA* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1990 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 12

120

10

100

8

80

6

60

4

40 20

2

0

0 1990

1995 Coal

2000

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1990

2010e 2010e

2005

1995

2000

2005

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e 2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 3

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

0

0

1990

1995

2000

2005

Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e 2010e

1990

1995

Electricity and heat

2000 Other transformation

2005 Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2 0

0 1990 Coal

1995 Oil

2000

Natural Gas

2005 Hydro

Nuclear

2010e 2010e Other

1990

1995 Coal

2000 Oil

Natural Gas

2005

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.302 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVENIA 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.16 2.25 2.47 1.09 0.38 1.72 0.36 -0.12 -

9.16 1.87 3.38 1.18 0.65 1.77 0.47 -0.16 -

11.05 2.19 4.22 1.25 0.75 2.34 0.49 0.00 -0.20 -

9.96 2.03 3.68 1.19 0.72 2.14 0.58 0.00 -0.38 -

10.13 2.07 3.66 1.23 0.77 2.11 0.55 0.00 -0.26 -

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 -

1.05 -0.53 2.11 0.46 3.37 1.15 2.50 6.14 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1980 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1990 17 0.49 2.0 4.08 107.0 145.0 105.6 12 ..

2000 20 0.46 2.0 4.61 100.0 100.0 100.0 14 100.0

2008 28 0.40 2.0 5.47 85.8 83.6 86.6 16 134.7

2009 26 0.39 2.0 4.88 84.1 84.4 83.1 16 111.4

2010e 26 0.39 2.1 4.91 84.6 84.9 .. 16 118.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.34 -1.26 0.12 0.94 -1.26 -2.81 -1.25 1.46 -

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1.93 -

1.52 -

1.69 -

1.66 -

1.66 -

-

-0.80 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

5.58 -

4.48 -

4.52 -

4.43 -

4.43 -

-

-1.21 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.303

SLOVENIA 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.28 0.33 2.14 1.02 0.38 1.14 0.27

6.64 0.13 3.33 0.98 0.62 1.29 0.28

7.38 0.15 3.63 1.11 0.62 1.63 0.24

7.85 0.12 4.21 1.05 0.63 1.57 0.26

6.96 0.08 3.66 0.95 0.62 1.39 0.26

-

1.47 -7.15 2.87 -0.39 2.70 1.06 -0.35

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.18 0.18 0.32 0.81 0.09 0.73 0.06

2.03 0.12 0.39 0.70 0.11 0.68 0.04

2.29 0.12 0.26 0.78 0.13 0.92 0.09

2.12 0.12 0.25 0.75 0.13 0.78 0.10

1.76 0.08 0.22 0.64 0.11 0.61 0.10

-

-1.14 -4.25 -2.01 -1.23 1.56 -0.96 2.84

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1.29 1.26 -

1.74 1.70 -

2.46 2.42 -

2.88 2.82 -

2.47 2.41 -

-

3.49 3.47 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 1.36 0.16 0.54 0.04

0.03 1.61 0.01 0.55 0.08

0.02 0.02 1.50 0.41 0.12

0.04 0.02 1.59 0.45 0.15

0.04 0.02 1.56 0.42 0.15

-

-1.89 0.74 -1.27 7.48

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.21 0.27 0.13 0.42 0.16

0.51 0.32 0.13 0.75 0.35 0.03

0.46 0.37 0.13 0.53 0.17 0.02

0.46 0.39 0.14 0.71 0.28 0.02

0.46 0.39 0.14 0.69 0.27 0.03

-

4.13 1.81 0.15 2.67 -9.10

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 0.10 0.08 0.01 0.01 -

0.00 0.26 0.11 0.34 0.17 0.17

0.00 0.32 0.03 0.45 0.03 0.23 0.19

0.00 0.38 0.02 0.40 0.01 0.26 0.14

0.00 0.37 0.02 0.33 0.00 0.19 0.13

-

-16.06 7.15 -6.51 18.28 15.07 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.304 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVENIA 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1.9 0.2 -0.0 0.1

1.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.0

1.7 0.6 -0.0 -0.1

1.7 0.4 -0.0 0.0

1.7 0.4 0.0

x

-0.8 2.6 -8.7 x

Primary supply

..

..

2.3

1.9

2.2

2.0

2.1

-

-0.5

Statistical difference

..

..

-0.3

0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-1.6 e

-1.8

-2.0

-1.9

..

-

0.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.8 -1.8 -0.0

-2.0 -2.0 -0.0

-1.9 -1.9 -0.0

.. .. ..

-

1.0 1.0 -2.7

..

..

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.0 e -0.0 e -

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

..

..

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Final consumption

..

..

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-

-7.1

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.2 0.0 e 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-4.2 -10.4 4.5 0.1

Transport(6)

..

..

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

Non-energy use

..

..

-

-

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.305

SLOVENIA 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 -

0.01 0.01 0.01 -

0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01

0.07 0.06 0.06 0.01

0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 -

-

-1.56 -1.56 -14.59 -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.06 5.30 5.22 0.08 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.17 0.45 -

4.91 4.83 4.82 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.01 -

5.14 5.07 5.05 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.00 -

5.20 5.14 5.12 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.00 -

5.13 5.09 5.06 0.03 0.05 0.05 -

4.92 4.87 4.84 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.05 -

-

-1.09 -0.45 -0.39 -6.47 -8.30 -2.89 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.306 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVENIA 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 337.21 ..

.. .. .. 360.56 ..

.. .. .. 514.16 509.83

.. .. .. 373.47 444.01

.. .. .. 464.78 466.82

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 368.67 ..

.. .. .. 361.22 ..

.. .. .. 482.31 448.36

.. .. .. 368.67 410.91

.. .. .. 481.25 453.14

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.23 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.07

0.35 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.07

0.47 0.04 0.04 0.38 0.05

0.47 0.07 0.07 0.36 0.05

0.63 0.06 0.06 0.53 0.03

0.37 0.03 0.03 0.32 0.03

0.40 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.03

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.02 0.02 -

0.00 0.00 -

0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

0.00 0.00 0.00 -

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.307

SLOVENIA 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

-

-

23

20

13

76

75

33

27

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

1 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

22 -

20 -

13 -

76 1 1 3 8

75 1 3 6

33 1 2 5

27 2 2 5

-

-

22

20

13

1 43 18 1

1 24 40 -

2 23 -

6 11 1

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.308 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVENIA 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

5

-

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

-

-

-

-

-

1 1 -

1 1 -

5 5 -

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.309

SLOVENIA 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

112.88

..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

93.15 .. .. .. 76.21 .. .. .. .. 92.80 .. ..

114.24 .. .. .. 94.93 .. .. 131.81 110.18 114.08 .. ..

180.69 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 157.58 187.38 .. ..

159.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 151.37 .. ..

160.43 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 144.12 ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.310 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SLOVENIA 13. Coal export values by destination* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(1)

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

139.83

x

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

Steam coal(1)

x

x

x

x

103.60

139.87

291.75

x

2686.80

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x 139.87 x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x 2658.16 x x x x x x x x x x x

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.311

SPAIN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 350

400

300

350 300

250

250 200 200 150 150 100

100

50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.312 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

73.72 12.90 53.72 1.35 0.02 2.44 3.55 -0.25 -

96.71 17.75 71.11 2.08 0.38 1.93 3.63 -0.17 -

128.70 27.56 64.96 7.10 5.81 20.20 3.12 0.00 -0.05 -

2000 174.21 29.88 88.72 21.74 5.90 23.16 3.63 e 0.01 0.63 0.55 -

2008

2009

2010e

198.30 19.25 92.93 49.86 8.21 21.96 2.89 0.01 4.55 -1.36 -

180.74 13.54 86.24 44.59 8.87 19.64 3.23 0.01 5.61 -1.00 -

183.05 11.51 83.83 44.47 9.62 23.00 5.19 0.01 6.45 -1.03 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 3.33 4.57 1.12 10.26 40.22 13.25 -0.76 -8.81 -

1.80 -3.67 1.50 10.15 2.25 -0.15 0.19 50.23 16.86 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 282 0.26 35.0 2.11 87.2 88.9 64.5 76 56.9

1980 330 0.29 37.7 2.57 97.7 104.6 83.8 109 67.1

1990 441 0.29 39.0 3.30 97.3 121.5 88.0 151 80.9

2000 581 0.30 40.3 4.33 100.0 100.0 100.0 222 100.0

2008 741 0.27 45.6 4.35 89.2 50.5 111.7 311 100.6

2009 713 0.25 45.9 3.94 84.5 36.9 110.3 291 84.7

2010e 712 0.26 46.3 3.96 85.7 31.4 .. 295 85.4

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.66 2.57 0.65 -0.75 0.65 0.86 2.67 0.93 0.65 -0.75 1.86 -6.08 1.84 1.20 4.15 3.51 2.10 0.24

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.87 6.71 2.53 -

1.38 8.05 4.60 -

0.28 10.30 6.20 -

7.73 3.65 -

4.71 1.28 -

4.33 0.85 -

3.73 0.84 -

-14.69 3.64 7.76 -

-4.46 -9.91 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

1.80 9.59 8.26 -

1.33 11.51 15.45 -

0.28 14.33 21.07 -

11.32 12.15 -

7.31 2.87 -

6.95 2.49 -

5.99 2.44 -

-14.39 3.41 8.12 -

-3.74 -10.63 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.313

SPAIN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

55.13 6.02 41.23 0.64 7.25 -

68.80 4.02 52.48 1.03 0.24 11.03 -

86.77 5.04 54.50 6.18 5.60 15.46 -

122.11 1.92 74.51 17.56 4.90 0.01 0.04 23.15 -

146.85 2.33 83.08 23.11 5.96 0.01 0.13 32.22 -

141.99 2.10 78.81 21.52 6.34 0.01 0.18 33.02 -

131.84 1.47 72.87 18.98 6.92 0.01 0.22 31.37 -

2.70 -1.04 1.66 14.27 4.55 -

2.23 -6.29 1.54 6.09 1.12 3.80 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

24.65 5.20 14.22 0.56 4.66 -

26.93 3.17 16.03 0.86 0.24 6.63 -

27.70 4.21 8.23 4.85 2.64 7.77 -

35.32 1.71 8.16 13.07 1.86 0.00 10.52 -

39.01 1.84 7.95 14.41 2.31 0.00 12.50 -

37.01 1.60 7.54 13.35 2.34 0.00 12.19 -

33.36 1.00 6.75 11.79 2.23 0.00 11.58 -

0.69 -1.24 -3.17 13.52 3.05 -

0.98 -7.28 -1.04 4.78 -0.88 2.12 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

15.50 0.02 15.30 -

21.54 0.01 21.29 -

30.40 29.95 -

43.15 42.52 0.01

55.15 54.15 0.10

52.61 51.22 0.09

49.21 47.21 0.08

4.04 4.03 -

2.57 2.42 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.18 5.18 0.71 3.07 0.06

0.23 7.33 0.73 4.08 0.12

0.45 13.08 0.75 5.09 0.55

0.10 0.51 16.97 0.13 5.78 2.82

0.55 0.36 22.67 0.30 5.25 5.36

0.88 0.40 22.57 0.31 5.03 5.16

1.53 0.38 21.27 0.37 4.74 4.47

5.60 5.59 0.34 3.02 13.52

-0.84 2.59 -3.71 -0.37 11.62

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.33 1.96 0.08 0.95 0.01

2.40 3.10 0.11 1.44 0.04

2.96 3.71 4.87 0.06 1.49 0.23

2.91 0.00 0.09 8.76 13.00 0.03 2.18 1.09

2.94 0.00 0.14 8.99 13.79 0.03 2.08 1.19

2.96 0.00 0.18 8.54 13.01 0.02 2.03 0.97

6.21 5.50 -1.08 2.67 18.34

-0.00 4.48 5.30 -4.90 1.64 7.84

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.92 4.80 4.80 -

1.50 6.58 6.58 -

3.08 8.34 7.81 0.53

0.16 0.00 0.03 9.51 11.41 0.12 10.61 0.68

0.13 0.00 0.04 10.32 10.99 0.12 10.31 0.56

0.13 0.00 0.04 9.81 10.21 9.67 0.54

7.39 3.30 2.90 -

6.28 1.07 1.13 0.04

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

2.85 0.03 5.36 9.57 0.08 e 2.41 0.85 0.07 0.00 0.01 6.15 13.42 12.74 0.68

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.314 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

9.3 3.1 -0.0 0.6

14.0 5.9 -0.0 -2.2

16.8 10.2 -0.0 0.7

11.4 19.1 -0.8 0.2

6.0 17.9 -2.1 -2.5

5.2 14.2 -1.3 -4.5

4.6 11.0 -1.6 -2.4

3.6 7.3 10.0 x

-6.0 1.8 19.5 x

Primary supply

12.9

17.8

27.6

29.9

19.3

13.5

11.5

4.6

-3.7

1.2

0.0

-0.1

0.6

0.6

1.3

..

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-7.4 e

-12.9 e

-21.9 e

-28.1 e

-17.0 e

-12.6 e

..

6.6

-2.8

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-4.3 -4.3 -

-11.2 -11.1 -0.1

-20.3 -20.1 -0.2

-26.7 -26.4 -0.3

-16.1 -15.9 -0.1

-12.2 -12.0 -0.1

.. .. ..

9.5 9.5 -

-2.7 -2.7 -1.0

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

..

-0.2

-9.8

-3.5 e -2.5 e -1.0 -0.0

-2.2 e -1.8 e -0.4 0.0 e

-2.0 e -1.4 e -0.6 0.0

-1.5 e -1.0 e -0.6 -

-1.0 e -0.9 e -0.1 -

-0.5 e -0.7 e 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-3.3 -3.4 -3.2 -

-6.8 -3.3 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.7

-0.8

-0.5

-0.4

-0.7

-0.7

..

-1.7

1.9

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

..

x

x

Final consumption

6.0

4.0

5.0

1.9

2.1

1.5

..

-1.0

-6.3

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

5.2 3.2 e 0.4 -

3.2 2.4 e 0.3 0.3 0.0

4.2 2.1 e 0.2 1.6 0.0

1.7 1.1 e 0.1 0.4 -

1.6 1.0 e 0.2 0.2 -

1.0 0.6 e 0.2 0.0 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.2 -2.5 -3.8 -

-7.3 -6.0 -0.9 -19.8 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.8 0.1 0.7

0.8 0.1 0.7

0.8 0.1 0.8

0.2 0.1 e 0.1

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.5 0.0 0.4

.. .. ..

0.3 -1.1 0.3

-3.0 -4.9 -3.7

-

-

-

-

0.1

-

..

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.315

SPAIN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

8.33 6.82 6.69 0.13 0.06 0.30 0.75 0.31 0.20 0.17 0.00 0.08 0.35 -

21.59 18.87 18.79 0.08 0.01 0.02 2.25 0.30 0.10 1.77 0.03 0.05 0.51 -

29.25 28.11 27.92 0.19 0.54 0.67 0.14 0.06 0.47 0.12 -

29.49 27.87 27.79 0.08 0.49 0.75 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.10 0.25 -

29.42 27.25 27.00 0.25 0.57 0.91 0.20 0.19 0.45 0.06 0.29 -

20.53 18.89 18.66 0.22 0.51 0.71 0.15 0.24 0.28 0.04 0.30 -

15.80 14.27 14.03 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.37 -

8.26 8.85 8.99 -4.23 -18.93 -18.94 9.56 -0.16 -5.73 21.76 25.32 -3.32 3.29 -

-1.63 -1.46 -1.53 6.00 -10.74 -11.26 3.69 -19.32 -1.66 -

4.86 4.86 -

4.46 4.46 -

3.56 3.64 -

3.46 3.60 -

3.67 3.74 -

3.45 3.47 -

2.50 2.33 -

-0.73 -0.73 -

-2.99 -3.35 -

8.16 8.09 8.09 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 -

20.78 20.63 20.63 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 -

12.85 12.91 12.91 -

11.55 11.43 11.43 -

9.58 9.57 9.57 -

2.43 2.47 2.47 -

1.38 1.40 1.40 -

8.10 8.12 8.12 7.64 4.66 -6.53 1.09 -

-13.32 -13.20 -13.20 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.316 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

42.60 65.54 60.18

69.75 125.39 127.62

.. 106.42 118.39

.. 169.30 128.33

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 68.57 65.54 .. 100.39

.. 103.43 117.59 .. 172.12

.. c 106.42 .. 127.20

.. c 138.84 169.30 136.41

.. c .. 322.89 276.03

.. c .. 345.20 295.78

.. c .. 476.63 378.46

.. c .. 339.80 337.39

.. c .. 416.86 303.66

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Euro / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

15.43 40.57 35.67

23.62 72.57 70.72

.. 87.60 93.31

.. 246.67 179.02

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. 32.38 40.57 .. 59.50

.. 45.66 68.06 .. 95.38

.. c 87.60 .. 100.25

.. c 202.29 246.67 190.29

.. c .. 345.57 282.85

.. c .. 338.40 277.61

.. c .. 437.79 332.83

.. c .. 328.45 312.24

.. c .. 422.63 294.77

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

3.08 2.60 .. .. 0.01 0.47

5.92 5.35 4.23 1.12 0.00 0.57

10.16 9.76 4.29 5.48 0.00 0.39

19.07 18.93 3.84 15.09 0.14

20.38 20.21 3.71 16.50 0.16

20.93 20.79 3.77 17.02 0.14

17.92 17.71 3.45 14.26 0.21

14.15 14.03 2.01 12.02 0.12

11.01 10.80 2.71 8.09 0.21

0.01 0.01 .. .. 0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.77 0.77

1.08 1.08

1.90 0.81 0.02 0.78 1.09

2.15 1.51 1.51 0.64

1.34 1.13 1.13 0.20

1.61 1.23 1.23 0.38

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.317

SPAIN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

3376

8416

10455

13408

21649

24439

20967

17038

12818

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3029 454 68 395 1369 743 -

4090 996 637 2401 56

4169 672 364 234 2899 -

3244 879 389 58 1916 2

3755 1388 383 1912 -

3682 2300 158 1224 -

3371 1719 176 1344 28

2058 627 43 1380 -

2777 1271 60 1 1385 -

-

-

-

-

72 -

-

104 -

8 -

60 -

347 12 21

4326 407 172 2 379 5 855 7

6286 271 43 16 153 275 89

10164 110 53 103 2314 136

17894 1627 102 313 27 585 39

20757 1414 100 37 21 138 53

17596 1475 59 112 28 26 1036 32

14980 524 20 25 249 15

10041 400 1 80 12 17 482 18

114 196 4

134 2274 91 -

404 4667 285 53 30

665 608 6037 138 -

191 1112 2804 9180 1496 29 389 -

3 2308 4599 8772 2705 161 382 64

11 1994 4064 5602 2623 276 192 66

6 2794 4633 4201 1915 145 113 340

8 2796 2411 2584 851 321 54 6

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.318 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SPAIN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

62.38

58.59

49.11

116.50

134.81

124.87

211.23

184.13

217.85

59.85 .. .. 59.09 63.21 .. .. .. ..

52.80 57.34 .. 51.07 61.65 .. .. .. ..

46.17 48.43 .. .. 53.22 .. .. .. 30.40

110.07 141.45 .. 135.89 116.42 137.51 .. .. ..

137.79 142.24 .. 123.25 128.18 136.71 2611.31 .. ..

125.17 142.00 .. .. 122.09 .. .. .. ..

238.36 259.29 .. .. 160.69 344.75 .. .. ..

232.74 .. .. 130.38 163.34 .. 244.67 .. ..

240.31 178.78 .. .. 200.96 .. 172.03 .. ..

43.24 50.56 .. .. .. 38.79 .. 46.44 44.04 46.33 .. ..

32.03 33.83 .. .. 38.10 31.62 36.51 30.43 31.91 33.96 .. ..

62.94 93.53 64.94 .. 114.05 46.84 93.42 63.06 65.12 65.99 .. ..

74.06 79.48 403.91 .. 142.48 126.87 .. 72.34 75.14 92.84 .. ..

128.55 158.54 142.45 .. 214.64 125.44 .. .. 138.56 156.74 .. ..

85.30 103.14 462.40 .. 181.26 87.64 .. 90.93 89.96 83.10 .. ..

96.14 163.85 460.06 .. 164.60 108.71 .. 101.33 99.04 97.41 ..

44.74 52.89 .. .. 102.86 44.32 .. 48.08 43.00 42.90 .. ..

60.66 97.90 377.69 .. 114.72 60.43 .. 61.96 61.65 64.82 .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.319

SWEDEN* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 200

80

180

70

160 60

140

50

120

40

100 80

30

60

20

40

10

20 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 5

6 5

4

4 3 3 2 2 1

1 0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 180

100

160

90

140

80 70

120

60

100

50 80

40

60

30

40

20

20

10 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.320 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

55.49 2.33 39.87 5.06 0.79 7.36 0.09 -

57.84 2.43 32.34 5.90 9.86 7.23 0.07 -

67.43 4.22 20.43 0.82 7.87 25.38 8.91 0.01 -0.22 -

67.94 3.50 19.39 1.11 11.80 21.34 9.65 0.06 0.57 0.51

70.86 3.47 19.33 1.18 14.19 23.79 8.49 0.26 -0.24 0.40

64.87 2.75 16.92 1.57 14.83 19.42 8.09 0.32 0.58 0.39

72.54 3.58 20.41 2.16 15.19 21.43 8.76 0.44 0.26 0.30

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.15 3.57 -3.86 2.63 22.68 1.13 -

-0.20 -2.23 -0.99 3.46 3.39 -1.40 -0.51 24.13 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 143 0.39 8.1 6.82 141.5 115.3 93.2 78 55.4

1980 162 0.36 8.3 6.96 130.3 106.5 101.0 96 55.1

1990 201 0.34 8.6 7.88 122.1 148.5 115.0 146 69.6

2000 247 0.27 8.9 7.66 100.0 100.0 100.0 145 100.0

2008 302 0.23 9.2 7.69 85.3 81.1 81.7 150 113.1

2009 286 0.23 9.3 6.98 82.5 68.0 82.8 137 92.9

2010e 302 0.24 9.4 7.73 87.4 83.8 .. 153 100.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.04 1.88 -0.87 -2.04 0.30 0.44 0.85 -0.64 -0.87 -2.04 1.50 -4.03 1.25 -1.71 3.75 -0.35 1.35 1.53

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.01 -

0.01 0.00

0.01 0.23

0.23

0.36

0.30

0.36

-3.07 -

1.33

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

0.02 -

0.02 0.00

0.01 0.58

0.54

0.84

0.70

0.86

-3.07 -

1.00

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.321

SWEDEN 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

49.74 1.48 34.83 4.94 8.50 -

49.43 1.31 28.81 5.51 10.43 3.37

45.88 1.53 20.02 0.48 6.62 0.00 14.79 2.44

50.42 1.10 20.25 0.63 7.55 0.01 15.81 5.07

49.14 1.31 17.49 0.77 7.60 0.01 16.10 5.85

47.62 1.19 16.49 0.80 7.52 0.01 15.81 5.80

45.68 0.67 15.16 0.81 7.79 0.01 15.16 6.08

-0.47 0.22 -3.20 1.74 3.31 -

-0.02 -4.27 -1.46 2.83 0.86 6.16 0.13 4.94

18.95 1.22 8.68 4.19 4.86 -

17.07 1.13 6.64 4.32 4.98 -

16.94 1.37 3.09 0.36 5.25 6.63 0.24

19.54 1.04 4.39 0.43 6.19 7.00 0.49

17.43 1.25 2.16 0.51 5.83 7.12 0.55

16.67 1.14 1.86 0.53 5.52 7.08 0.54

15.34 0.63 1.52 0.58 5.75 6.32 0.55

-0.66 0.72 -5.90 1.33 1.84 -

-0.52 -4.00 -3.66 2.52 0.48 -0.25 4.47

7.52 7.27 -

8.33 0.00 8.05 -

9.88 9.57 -

10.56 10.15 0.01

11.56 10.76 0.03

11.21 10.37 0.03

10.96 10.09 0.03

1.62 1.63 -

0.55 0.28 -

0.26 15.35 0.20 12.47 -

0.28 13.93 0.08 9.51 -

0.30 9.35 0.02 2.20 0.05

0.39 10.42 0.04 1.25 0.11

0.41 0.36 9.61 0.02 0.21 0.06

0.52 0.29 9.48 0.02 0.14 0.06 e

0.55 0.30 9.93 0.01 0.11 0.09

1.03 -2.88 -11.78 -9.71 -

-0.08 0.32 -3.36 -14.62 3.55

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.74 1.93 1.41 0.04 -

1.18 3.16 1.93 0.03 0.02 -

0.90 0.00 4.68 1.49 5.72 0.01 1.93 0.05

0.88 0.01 5.16 2.97 6.28 0.00 1.50 0.05

0.86 0.01 4.87 3.58 5.97 0.01 0.56 0.13

0.97 0.01 4.78 3.51 5.89 0.01 0.48 0.14 e

0.98 0.01 5.03 3.69 6.05 0.01 0.78 0.07

1.15 5.34 8.59 24.93 -

0.42 6.16 0.38 4.89 0.30 -2.36 -4.67 2.18

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.37 3.11 0.06 3.06 -

0.01 1.87 2.24 0.06 2.18 -

0.02 2.99 0.71 2.76 0.06 2.70 -

0.02 3.12 1.60 2.47 0.02 2.45 -

0.06 3.50 1.71 3.46 0.03 3.44 -

0.06 3.45 1.75 3.33 0.03 3.31 -

0.06 3.29 1.84 2.36 0.02 2.35 -

4.72 -0.71 0.32 -0.73 -

5.26 0.49 5.15 -0.81 -6.68 -0.73 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which: Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.322 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

0.0 2.4 -0.0 -0.1

0.0 2.5 -0.1 0.0

0.2 3.8 -0.0 0.2

0.2 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

0.4 3.3 -0.0 -0.1

0.3 2.2 -0.3 0.5

0.4 3.7 -0.0 -0.4

19.5 2.7 3.5 x

1.2 -2.8 10.4 x

Primary supply

2.3

2.4

4.2

3.5

3.5

2.8

3.6

3.6

-2.2

Statistical difference

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.1

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-0.7 e

-0.9 e

-2.5 e

-2.3 e

-2.6 e

-2.0

..

7.5

-1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -0.0

-1.6 -1.6 -0.0

-1.1 -1.0 -0.1

-1.2 -1.1 -0.1

-1.0 -1.0 -0.0

.. .. ..

19.8 19.7 -

-2.4 -2.5 3.5

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

..

-6.0

-3.1

-0.8 e -0.8 e -0.0 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-0.9 e -0.7 e -0.2 -

-1.2 e -0.8 e -0.4 -

-1.5 e -0.9 e -0.6 -

-1.0 -0.6 -0.4 -

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -0.8 11.2 -

0.4 -0.8 2.8 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

3.6

0.3

Losses

-0.1 e

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Final consumption

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.2

0.7

..

0.2

-4.3

Industry(5)

1.2 0.7 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.2 0.0

1.4 0.6 e 0.0 0.4 0.1

1.0 0.5 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

1.1 0.6 e 0.0 0.3 0.0

0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

0.7 -1.4 9.6 2.8 16.8

-4.0 -4.2 -6.2 -3.5 -9.4

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6)

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-4.2 -11.8

-8.0 -2.4 -3.4

Non-energy use

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

0.3

-6.7

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.323

SWEDEN 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.34 0.02 0.02 0.30 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03

2.19 1.19 1.17 0.01 0.18 0.74 0.05 0.03 0.39 0.10 0.18 0.02

1.09 0.50 0.49 0.01 0.27 0.50 0.04 0.25 0.03 0.17 -

1.22 0.42 0.42 0.00 0.42 0.57 0.11 0.25 0.04 0.18 -

1.19 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.58 0.13 0.25 0.03 0.18 -

1.19 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.44 0.56 0.09 0.28 0.02 0.17 -

0.99 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.39 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.14 -

16.72 43.16 43.02 7.88 6.32 9.89 6.43 33.48 7.07 -3.02

-4.09 -6.32 -6.26 2.20 -3.39 -4.50 -3.27 -9.64 -1.08 -

1.23 1.23 -

1.52 1.52 -

1.77 1.77 -

1.85 1.85 -

2.00 1.99 -

1.59 1.96 -

1.44 1.55 -

1.77 1.77 -

-0.27 0.11 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.324 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

50.00 67.15 ..

91.90 145.18 ..

.. 77.87 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

77.55 64.11 80.71 .. ..

93.41 72.84 171.39 .. ..

92.56 .. x 270.45 ..

.. .. x 320.71 ..

.. .. x 680.48 ..

.. .. x 756.03 473.91

.. .. x 903.35 603.94

.. .. x 717.42 455.29

.. .. x 842.81 515.45

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swedish crowns / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

215 416 ..

370 842 ..

.. 632 ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

321 267 500 .. ..

362 284 994 .. ..

502 .. x 2195 ..

.. .. x 4029 ..

.. .. x 6881 ..

.. .. x 7007 4118

.. .. x 8173 5123

.. .. x 7530 4480

.. .. x 8324 4773

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

2.42 0.98 .. .. 1.44

2.52 2.08 1.74 0.34 0.44

3.81 3.40 1.35 2.05 0.00 0.10 0.31

3.47 3.05 1.86 1.19 0.10 0.32

3.37 3.04 2.10 0.93 0.12 0.21

3.57 3.15 2.03 1.12 0.17 0.26

3.28 2.82 1.70 1.12 0.16 0.31

2.20 1.87 1.09 0.78 0.19 0.14

3.67 3.27 2.31 0.96 0.16 0.24

0.02 0.01 .. .. 0.01

0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.01 0.01 0.26

0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.325

SWEDEN 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

1545

4868

3543

3499

3092

3180

2857

1898

3285

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1239 78 99 231 71 5 338 -

1834 140 278 30 224 1074 65

1315 449 e 102 e 764 e -

1674 535 179 950 10

1814 990 54 570 -

1981 1186 401 -

1661 1099 562 -

1069 745 324 -

2258 1373 529 -

417 -

2 21

-

200 -

394 -

-

-

356 -

306 8 42 174 30 -

3034 614 4 1292 71 343 96

2228 187 1 6 7 732 103 117 8

e e

1278 83 698 15 25 56

1199 130 7 303 8 22 119

1196 40 4 54 5 5 81

829 120 63 5 74

1027 73 1 178 24 49

52 -

183 19 407 5

8 108 573 375 3

6 e 20 e 455 19 e 198 e -

120 271 10 -

313 297 -

764 232 11 -

1 419 107 29 11

300 336 66 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

e e

e e

-

e e e e e e e e e e

e e

1825 44 2 1000 55 26

e e e

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.326 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWEDEN 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

60.87

53.95

94.31

57.76

65.83

138.31

..

88.55

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.10 .. .. 55.47 61.89 .. .. .. 47.54

52.52 .. .. 57.84 .. .. .. .. 31.94

.. .. .. 96.64 .. .. .. .. 65.37

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57.76

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 65.83

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 138.31

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 88.55

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

55.37 67.27 .. .. 48.74 66.14 .. 53.77 61.06 43.13 .. ..

49.38 55.29 49.62 .. 41.89 58.19 .. 45.79 .. 31.04 .. ..

111.18 152.75 .. .. 75.95 91.28 .. .. .. 74.35 .. ..

117.43 151.35 .. .. 71.82 124.76 .. .. .. 78.65 .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

124.51 227.64 161.71 328.87 .. .. .. 3000.00 84.84 239.79 138.55 181.58 .. .. .. .. .. .. 85.79 139.75 .. .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

157.77 197.49 .. .. 106.87 141.83 .. .. 95.94 108.32 .. ..

189.63 231.84 .. .. 115.81 214.20 .. .. .. 134.59 ..

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.327

SWITZERLAND* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 120

45 40

100

35 80

30 25

60

20 15

40

10

20

5 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 0.8

1.2

0.7

1.0

0.6 0.8

0.5 0.4

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.2 0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Other transformation

Industry

2009

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 80

50

70

45 40

60

35

50

30

40

25 20

30

15 20

10

10

5 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.328 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

27.01 0.47 20.64 0.21 0.34 2.35 3.43 -0.43 -

28.62 0.47 17.87 1.24 0.67 5.35 4.03 -1.01 -

34.74 0.51 17.51 2.33 2.05 8.83 3.66 0.10 0.01 -0.26 -

35.73 0.20 15.75 3.48 2.59 9.88 4.53 0.15 0.03 -0.87 0.00

38.25 0.23 15.84 4.01 3.19 10.36 4.43 0.28 0.05 -0.14 0.00

38.50 0.21 16.45 3.85 3.15 10.35 4.39 0.30 0.06 -0.27 0.00

37.58 0.22 14.82 4.30 3.35 9.99 4.43 0.33 0.08 0.06 0.00

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.49 0.52 -0.96 15.14 11.06 8.10 0.39 -2.94 -

0.54 -4.48 -0.33 2.68 2.28 0.84 0.96 6.07 9.81 0.12 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 176 0.15 6.4 4.19 107.1 338.7 78.5 37 64.3

1980 180 0.16 6.4 4.48 111.0 329.8 93.2 48 64.9

1990 225 0.15 6.8 5.11 108.1 290.5 99.7 55 79.1

2000 250 0.14 7.2 4.96 100.0 100.0 100.0 66 100.0

2008 292 0.13 7.7 4.96 91.7 100.1 96.0 67 120.8

2009 286 0.13 7.8 4.94 94.1 95.5 95.8 67 111.3

2010e 294 0.13 7.8 4.84 89.5 94.8 .. 67 ..

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 1.43 1.28 0.06 -0.73 0.32 0.73 1.17 -0.18 0.06 -0.73 -0.90 -5.69 1.42 -0.21 2.39 1.02 1.22 1.81

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.329

SWITZERLAND 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

23.81 0.60 19.15 0.16 0.34 3.56 -

23.74 0.47 17.20 1.01 0.46 4.33 0.27

26.66 0.50 16.57 2.12 1.23 0.10 0.01 5.77 0.36

27.97 0.20 16.18 3.11 1.42 0.15 0.03 6.43 0.45

28.44 0.26 15.36 3.45 1.52 0.23 0.04 7.05 0.53

29.46 0.23 15.85 3.68 1.61 0.28 0.04 7.21 0.56

28.67 0.21 15.39 3.53 1.57 0.30 0.06 7.06 0.55

0.67 -0.99 -0.85 16.62 7.76 2.88 -

0.38 -4.38 -0.39 2.72 1.29 6.07 9.01 1.07 2.30

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.71 0.16 4.16 0.02 1.36 -

5.55 0.32 3.05 0.50 0.17 1.46 0.04

4.75 0.44 1.07 0.83 0.22 0.01 0.00 2.12 0.07

5.53 0.16 1.24 1.04 0.66 0.01 0.00 2.22 0.19

5.81 0.24 1.09 1.23 0.69 0.02 0.00 2.33 0.21

5.86 0.22 1.08 1.28 0.65 0.02 0.00 2.37 0.23

5.45 0.20 1.01 1.17 0.60 0.02 0.00 2.24 0.22

-1.07 5.99 -7.68 24.70 2.64 -

0.73 -4.00 -0.32 1.81 5.36 6.11 13.94 0.29 6.39

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

5.05 4.80 -

5.28 5.03 -

7.35 7.03 -

8.33 8.00 -

8.54 8.14 0.01

8.74 8.33 0.01

8.63 8.23 0.02

2.23 2.27 -

0.85 0.83 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.25 1.81 0.43 0.14

0.26 7.71 0.14 5.63 0.38

0.32 7.53 0.02 4.75 0.86

0.32 8.00 0.01 4.17 1.19

0.01 0.38 7.99 0.02 3.68 1.30

0.01 0.39 8.57 0.01 3.91 1.41

0.01 0.38 8.47 0.01 3.75 1.42

1.42 8.74 -16.97 11.44

0.92 0.62 -1.63 -1.23 2.68

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.34 0.90 1.03 -

0.25 1.24 0.07 3.82 2.21 0.13

0.08 0.00 1.67 0.15 4.81 0.00 2.63 0.44

0.42 0.12 0.01 1.93 0.16 4.74 1.80 0.69

0.44 0.19 0.03 2.15 0.19 4.67 1.43 0.69

0.59 0.22 0.03 2.20 0.20 4.89 1.51 0.74

0.61 0.24 0.03 2.20 0.20 4.78 1.45 0.71

3.72 9.52 -

6.13 14.09 1.46 1.57 -0.03 -3.09 2.60

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

1.03 1.07 1.07 -

1.33 0.16 0.88 0.00 0.88 -

0.04 0.01 0.00 1.56 0.14 0.80 0.00 0.79 -

0.29 0.02 0.00 1.83 0.10 0.81 0.81 -

0.32 0.03 0.01 2.07 0.13 0.82 0.82 -

0.33 0.03 0.01 2.14 0.13 0.79 0.79 -

0.33 0.04 0.01 2.12 0.13 0.72 0.72 -

2.49 -1.72 -1.75 -

12.47 5.66 12.41 1.65 -0.45 -0.55 -0.52 -

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.330 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

0.3 -0.0 0.2

0.7 -0.3

0.5 -0.0 0.0

0.3 -0.1

0.2 0.0

0.2 -0.0

0.2 0.0

2.2 -5.2 x

-3.7 x

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

-4.5

Statistical difference

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

..

x

x

Total transformation

0.2

0.0

-0.0

0.0

0.0

-

..

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-0.0 -0.0 -0.0

-

-

-

.. .. ..

-

-

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

..

-15.7

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. .. .. .. ..

-

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

..

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation

(4)

Final consumption

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

..

-1.0

-4.4

Industry(5)

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.1 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 -

0.2 0.0 0.2 -

.. .. .. .. ..

6.0 -11.1 19.2 3.0

-4.0 -3.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

0.4 0.4

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

.. .. ..

-10.9 -17.0

-7.6 -1.6

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

..

-

-

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.331

SWITZERLAND 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02

0.48 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.45 0.01 0.40 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00

0.17 0.17 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.18 0.16 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 -

0.18 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.00 0.01 -

0.16 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.01 -

0.16 0.14 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.01 -

10.26 12.70 26.63 13.51 -6.82 19.28 6.70 -4.17 -15.46 -12.55

-5.79 -5.96 -5.68 -9.00 6.82 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.01 0.01 -

0.01 0.01 -

0.04 0.04 -

0.09 0.09 0.09 -

0.08 0.08 0.08 -

0.07 0.07 0.07 -

-

8.93 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.332 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

SWITZERLAND 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

68.81 .. 82.08 .. 153.66

95.71 127.61 152.83 .. 191.14

72.45 x 118.75 .. 182.84

60.13 x x 139.45 173.40

111.25 x x 253.83 379.24

145.85 x x 286.53 448.49

252.48 x x 455.56 579.73

160.86 x x 327.62 547.80

181.26 x x 465.95 514.54

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Swiss francs / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

x .. ..

105.5 .. 201.3 .. 353.3

137.5 220.0 351.3 .. 411.9

86.3 x 226.2 .. 326.5

87.0 x x 322.8 376.3

119.5 x x 436.3 611.1

150.0 x x 471.5 691.9

234.5 x x 677.0 807.7

149.8 x x 488.0 765.0

162.0 x x 666.3 689.8

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.34 0.13 .. .. 0.21

0.72 0.55 0.55 0.17

0.50 0.46 0.46 0.01 0.03

0.27 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.03

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

0.30 0.21 0.21 0.06 0.02

0.23 0.15 0.15 0.06 0.02

0.24 0.17 0.17 0.05 0.02

0.19 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.02

0.03 0.00 .. .. 0.03

-

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00

-

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.333

SWITZERLAND 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

141

470

482

214

250

224

152

178

130

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

141 14 79 8 17

470 31 4 80 24 126 83

482 55 1 6

214 10 -

250 12 2

224 4 5 29

152 5 36

178 4 28

130 5 16

23 -

122 -

420 -

196 6 2

234 2 -

181 5 -

106 5 -

144 2 -

107 2 -

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.334 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 450

160

400

140

350

120

300 100

250

80

200

60

150

40

100

20

50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 45

60

40 50 35 30

40

25 30 20 20

15 10

10 5 0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 250

Other transformation

2009

300 250

200

200 150 150 100 100 50

50 0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.335

TURKEY 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

34.79 7.36 17.83 9.22 0.32 0.07 -

44.92 9.98 22.32 10.97 1.39 0.09 0.16 -

75.37 24.15 33.43 4.08 10.29 2.84 0.62 0.04 -0.09 -

109.07 32.72 43.43 18.05 9.30 3.79 0.98 0.38 0.41 -

140.72 42.09 42.22 43.12 6.90 4.09 1.64 0.70 -0.04 -

139.52 42.51 41.60 41.30 6.67 4.42 2.32 0.80 -0.09 -

149.71 47.65 40.90 44.83 6.67 6.36 2.60 0.79 -0.10 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.65 7.24 3.77 0.65 13.72 13.75 -

3.29 3.02 1.16 12.96 -2.26 2.35 7.20 17.05 0.02 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 88 0.40 38.1 0.91 96.7 68.1 31.4 12 ..

1980 112 0.40 44.4 1.01 98.1 72.7 48.6 23 ..

1990 186 0.41 55.1 1.37 99.1 105.8 67.2 58 70.5

2000 267 0.41 64.3 1.70 100.0 100.0 100.0 125 100.0

2008 375 0.38 71.1 1.98 91.7 91.4 118.2 198 141.3

2009 357 0.39 71.9 1.94 95.5 97.0 120.6 195 127.4

2010e 389 0.38 72.9 2.05 94.1 99.8 .. 211 144.1

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 4.50 3.49 0.14 -0.19 2.20 1.41 2.40 1.86 0.14 -0.19 2.62 -0.46 4.59 3.12 9.44 6.63 3.16

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.58 1.16 5.55 -

2.12 1.01 5.65 -

2.03 0.89 14.76 -

0.71 0.80 16.32 -

0.77 0.95 22.10 -

1.19 0.66 23.01 -

1.16 0.64 20.71 -

-2.00 -2.20 8.49 -

-2.76 -1.56 2.37 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

2.96 1.33 15.12 -

2.44 1.16 15.03 -

1.82 0.92 44.68 -

0.74 1.66 60.88 -

0.86 1.74 76.80 -

1.56 1.30 76.64 -

1.52 1.26 68.97 -

-3.97 -3.02 9.45 -

-0.81 1.84 2.88 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.336 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

28.38 4.24 13.63 9.22 0.07 1.22 -

37.60 6.00 18.14 10.97 0.09 2.40 -

57.25 10.76 29.10 1.01 10.29 0.52 0.04 5.52 -

82.64 15.49 37.32 7.01 9.22 0.88 0.37 11.78 0.55

109.26 19.97 39.93 20.08 7.14 1.31 0.60 18.77 1.47

106.26 18.25 39.21 18.90 6.81 1.44 0.60 19.59 1.45

104.52 18.30 40.86 16.07 6.55 1.78 0.43 19.02 1.51

4.21 5.63 4.56 0.65 12.60 9.29 -

3.22 2.84 1.80 15.65 -2.35 6.70 13.30 6.72 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

5.30 1.63 2.88 0.79 -

9.35 3.10 4.76 1.49 -

15.57 6.43 5.06 0.71 0.01 3.36 -

28.20 12.61 6.86 2.38 0.14 5.66 0.55

33.81 16.04 2.03 5.31 0.18 8.78 1.47

25.73 8.74 1.91 4.56 0.18 8.89 1.45

26.57 8.49 1.90 6.27 8.40 1.51

6.54 8.40 3.37 8.88 -

2.85 1.47 -5.02 12.18 4.94 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

6.26 0.75 5.50 -

7.84 0.26 7.56 -

13.18 0.02 13.11 -

16.80 0.00 16.65 0.06

22.79 22.42 0.24

21.52 21.12 0.26

21.34 20.98 0.27

4.48 -18.90 5.25 -

2.57 2.50 -

0.01 14.40 1.86 3.09 -

0.02 17.44 2.64 3.32 -

0.04 20.76 4.30 4.45 0.06

0.09 25.13 2.88 5.13 3.85

0.02 0.11 29.61 3.93 2.49 9.86

0.02 0.12 32.29 7.04 2.41 9.32

0.01 0.08 30.57 8.43 2.31 6.28

7.56 2.18 5.07 2.17 -

3.47 2.06 3.60 -3.39 27.96

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

9.22 0.07 0.17 0.45 0.00 0.22 -

10.97 0.09 0.43 0.44 0.01 -

10.29 0.52 0.03 1.11 0.91 0.00 -

9.22 0.88 0.24 2.93 3.31 0.60

7.12 1.31 0.42 4.48 9.17 4.38

6.79 1.44 0.42 4.86 10.91 1.52 4.38

6.54 1.78 0.43 4.81 9.28 1.19 2.96

0.65 12.60 11.65 4.30 -9.07 -

-2.36 6.70 15.32 8.01 12.99 45.80 -

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.22 0.81 0.81 -

0.44 1.20 1.20 -

0.91 4.01 3.76 0.25

2.71 5.03 4.90 0.13

4.79 8.34 8.05 0.29

5.01 7.67 7.30 0.37

5.13 9.79 9.54 0.25

8.81 9.83 9.41 -

9.53 4.81 5.02 0.03

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.337

TURKEY 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

7.4 0.0 -0.1

8.8 0.8 -0.1 0.4

17.7 6.0 0.5

17.8 13.3 1.6

23.8 18.4 -0.1

24.9 19.1 -1.4

22.5 25.1 -

5.2 42.3 x

1.8 6.3 x

7.4

10.0

24.2

32.7

42.1

42.5

47.7

7.2

3.0

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

-2.0

-0.1

0.3

-1.5

..

x

x

Total transformation

-2.9 e

-3.4 e

-11.0 e

-16.7 e

-23.2 e

-21.8 e

..

8.2

3.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.8 -1.8 -

-2.6 -2.2 -0.4

-7.8 -7.2 -0.7

-14.1 -13.4 -0.7

-20.5 -19.1 -1.4

-19.3 -17.8 -1.4

.. .. ..

9.0 8.4 -

4.9 4.9 4.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

..

-6.8

-

-0.9 e 0.0 -0.6 e -0.4 -

-0.7 e 0.0 -0.9 e 0.1 -

-3.1 e 0.0 -1.6 e -1.5 -

-2.6 e 0.0 -1.8 e -0.8 -

-2.7 e -0.0 -1.8 e -0.9 -

-2.5 e -1.8 e -0.8 -

.. .. .. .. ..

7.2 3.1 6.3 8.5 -

-1.1 0.4 -3.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.4

-0.9

-0.8

..

3.9

3.5

Losses

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

..

x

x

Final consumption

4.2

6.0

10.8

15.5

18.3

18.3

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.6 0.4 e 0.3 -

3.1 0.9 e 0.2 -

6.4 1.0 e 0.4 0.0 0.0

Transport(6)

0.7

0.3

1.9 0.0 1.9 -

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

..

5.6

2.8

12.6 1.3 e 0.0 0.1 0.0

8.7 1.7 e 0.0 0.0

8.5 1.5 e 0.2 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

8.4 6.2 2.1 -

1.5 2.2 -3.0 13.2 18.1

0.0

0.0

-

-

..

-18.9

-

2.6 0.0 2.6

4.3 0.0 4.3

2.9 2.9

9.5 1.5 7.0

9.8 1.2 8.4

.. .. ..

5.1 -9.1 5.1

4.4 45.8 3.6

-

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.338 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

1.21 0.68 0.68 0.09 0.29 0.29 0.10 -

2.81 0.37 0.37 0.06 1.12 0.01 0.00 1.12 1.25 -

8.48 1.66 1.66 6.15 0.03 0.02 6.10 0.68 -

13.84 4.57 4.57 8.42 0.07 0.02 8.33 0.85 -

19.53 5.12 5.12 - e 13.48 - e 0.08 0.03 13.37 e 0.94 -

15.84 5.58 5.58 0.27 e 3.57 0.08 e 0.00 0.04 3.45 e 5.45 -

14.89 5.78 5.78 0.38 e 2.95 0.10 e 0.05 0.02 2.79 e 5.59 -

7.31 -5.01 -5.01 -3.28 12.11 12.05 23.25 -

9.17 15.58 15.58 5.22 15.32 4.93 8.19 -

3.43 0.36 0.31 0.05 2.39 0.29 0.05 0.05 0.11 -

5.34 0.11 0.08 0.03 4.66 0.10 0.34 0.34 0.13 -

7.04 0.28 0.28 4.19 2.47 0.09 2.38 0.10 -

5.59 0.60 0.60 4.22 0.64 0.09 0.55 0.13 -

5.82 0.80 0.80 4.44 0.27 e 0.24 0.03 e 0.21 e 0.07 -

6.88 0.62 0.62 5.53 0.08 e 0.44 0.29 e 0.15 e 0.12 -

7.15 0.58 0.58 4.90 0.01 e 1.34 0.44 e 0.02 0.88 e 0.11 -

3.75 -9.80 -11.22 -4.01 5.71 -8.83 17.37 17.37 1.19 -

1.55 9.41 16.87 0.26 7.56 5.21 -0.61 -

13.23 4.45 4.30 0.15 0.02 3.63 0.00 0.73 2.90 4.88 -

46.18 29.88 29.63 0.25 0.04 8.52 0.93 7.59 7.71 -

64.41 52.54 52.29 0.26 0.00 6.93 0.11 6.82 4.94 -

57.32 47.41 47.21 0.20 0.16 4.25 0.16 4.09 5.49 -

10.98 17.21 17.45 4.71 6.74 7.36 2.10 8.33 3.88 -

2.70 4.01 4.03 0.10 -1.44 -6.16 -1.19 -0.49 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

72.83 60.54 60.31 0.22 0.05 5.13 0.03 5.10 7.11 -

75.89 65.69 65.45 0.23 0.05 4.78 0.01 4.77 5.29 -

76.65 63.08 62.83 0.26 6.47 0.28 0.13 0.02 6.05 7.02 -

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.339

TURKEY 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 105.18 ..

49.88 179.15 ..

31.85 174.87 110.22

50.45 150.29 131.07

86.87 467.46 271.72

97.12 573.16 341.34

113.22 728.57 444.88

112.43 585.24 362.67

127.32 678.67 308.66

.. 70.23 105.18 .. ..

86.47 83.99 179.15 .. ..

79.67 82.07 174.87 .. 98.09

53.26 80.19 150.29 .. 136.10

79.99 161.57 467.46 .. 274.31

115.02 200.52 573.16 .. 342.88

152.51 258.70 728.57 .. 445.57

139.04 269.73 585.24 .. 363.70

137.83 272.13 678.67 .. 316.76

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(New Turkish lira / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

.. 0.00 ..

0.00 0.02 ..

0.02 0.63 0.37

9.01 128.86 105.36

35.49 916.73 499.57

36.07 1021.81 570.49

42.01 1297.72 742.89

49.69 1241.53 721.28

54.53 1395.16 594.87

.. 0.00 0.00 .. ..

0.00 0.01 0.02 .. ..

0.13 0.19 0.63 .. 0.33

20.22 43.69 128.86 .. 109.40

69.45 201.34 916.73 .. 504.33

90.78 227.15 1021.81 .. 573.06

120.26 292.79 1297.72 .. 744.04

130.59 363.59 1241.53 .. 723.34

125.44 355.48 1395.16 .. 610.48

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

0.01 0.01 .. .. -

0.82 0.82 0.82 -

6.02 6.01 4.25 1.76 0.01 -

13.30 12.57 6.27 6.30 0.00 0.72

19.40 18.93 5.74 13.19 0.01 0.45

20.91 20.47 5.19 15.28 0.44

18.37 18.16 5.95 12.20 0.21

19.05 18.79 5.10 13.69 0.26

25.15 24.80 6.73 18.07 0.34

.. .. -

0.07 0.00 0.00 0.07 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.340 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

TURKEY 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

475

2662

5557

5941

12990

22945

19489

20364

26881

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

475 70 405 -

2662 637 1825 -

3717 1318 51 2011 -

3606 1452 210 178 1766 -

6202 2793 847 100 2150 -

5117 1695 964 1312 -

6050 2324 888 1328 -

5161 1727 946 478 1358 -

5992 1541 910 170 2189 -

-

200 -

337 -

-

259 53 -

611 535 -

939 571 -

97 553 2

123 100 959

-

-

1840 58 -

2335 36 10 50 47

6788 69 36

17828 61 412 326 -

13439 71 -

15203 3

20889 220 -

-

-

1252 530 -

877 1050 199 66

1440 5023 174 46

1947 2754 2499 9264 227 338

1386 2882 1548 7340 98 38 76

221 2785 2565 8906 646 77

286 2841 2051 10167 1083 212 4029

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.341

UNITED KINGDOM* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 350

120

300

100

250

80

200

60

150 40 100 20 50 0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 140

140

120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 450

Other transformation

2009

700

400

600

350 500

300 250

400

200

300

150

200

100 100

50

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

2009

Other

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.342 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

311.53 109.18 155.58 35.87 10.42 0.47 0.01 -

283.47 98.28 113.34 57.59 13.78 0.48 0.00 -

294.17 90.15 109.11 67.41 0.90 24.48 0.64 0.00 0.02 1.47 -

318.48 52.14 104.60 124.82 2.75 31.67 0.62 0.00 0.13 1.74 -

297.35 51.52 95.95 120.63 6.77 19.54 0.63 0.00 0.95 1.35 -

281.09 42.62 91.28 111.57 7.65 25.72 0.65 0.00 1.24 0.35 -

291.76 43.85 93.15 121.05 8.49 23.13 0.44 0.00 1.33 0.33 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 -0.34 -1.12 -2.07 3.78 5.15 1.78 36.14 -

-0.24 -3.87 -0.93 2.69 11.95 0.26 0.06 25.88 -7.25 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 820 0.38 56.2 5.54 176.3 377.3 127.5 281 74.8

1980 877 0.32 56.3 5.03 150.0 317.6 119.9 284 73.6

1990 1150 0.26 57.2 5.14 118.6 222.1 107.0 318 87.8

2000 1478 0.22 58.9 5.41 100.0 100.0 100.0 374 100.0

2008 1763 0.17 61.4 4.84 78.2 82.8 87.0 385 93.6

2009 1677 0.17 61.8 4.55 77.8 72.0 86.2 372 84.1

2010e 1698 0.17 62.2 4.69 79.7 73.2 .. 378 85.9

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.01 2.00 -2.30 -2.20 0.11 0.40 -0.44 -0.64 -2.30 -2.20 -3.07 -5.76 -1.02 -1.13 0.72 0.83 0.95 -0.23

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

14.68 84.26 -

9.68 95.97 -

1.60 74.99 -

0.26 26.40 -

0.32 15.14 -

0.26 15.04 -

0.37 15.19 -

-16.87 -0.97 -

-9.20 -8.11 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

15.11 108.47 -

10.05 120.05 -

1.60 91.16 -

0.26 30.94 -

0.31 17.75 -

0.25 17.63 -

0.35 17.81 -

-17.06 -1.44 -

-9.38 -8.28 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.343

UNITED KINGDOM 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

204.61 45.32 104.41 26.25 28.63 -

187.54 20.20 85.17 53.21 28.79 0.17

196.85 15.39 87.46 59.68 0.59 0.00 0.01 33.72 -

215.00 5.88 89.39 74.89 0.88 0.00 0.02 40.47 3.48

202.76 4.47 87.37 65.35 1.50 0.00 0.06 42.10 1.91

203.34 4.70 85.47 66.66 2.35 0.00 0.08 42.00 2.08

188.75 4.02 80.62 59.83 2.64 0.00 0.10 39.61 1.92

-0.23 -6.16 -1.04 4.95 0.97 -

-0.22 -6.82 -0.43 0.01 8.18 10.61 0.85 -

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

75.06 20.06 30.33 13.45 11.21 -

56.11 8.52 17.41 19.28 10.72 0.17

45.47 9.11 9.00 14.86 0.14 12.36 -

48.16 3.28 8.61 20.27 0.40 14.02 1.57

42.89 3.39 9.11 14.74 0.35 14.01 1.28

42.73 3.53 8.52 15.33 0.48 13.43 1.44

36.80 2.89 7.45 12.65 0.48 12.05 1.28

-2.91 -4.54 -6.90 0.59 0.58 -

-1.11 -5.87 -0.99 -0.84 6.71 -0.14 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

39.47 0.08 39.07 -

43.39 0.05 42.96 -

55.97 0.00 55.32 -

59.81 58.76 -

62.97 0.00 61.42 -

61.82 0.01 59.57 -

59.58 0.01 57.11 -

2.08 -18.29 2.07 -

0.33 6.03 0.17 -

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.32 48.09 20.89 5.54 10.45

0.37 51.32 9.71 3.76 27.27

0.65 53.24 4.97 3.30 33.20

1.06 61.47 2.22 4.31 40.88

0.49 1.06 59.22 0.82 3.83 39.00

1.13 1.11 60.65 0.90 4.04 39.74

1.38 1.08 57.48 0.87 4.01 37.00

4.23 0.60 -8.10 -3.00 7.04

2.70 0.40 -8.78 1.02 0.57

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

11.22 19.03 4.18 8.36 1.09

10.58 18.20 1.89 6.63 3.06

0.25 11.52 18.37 1.29 4.43 3.90

0.25 13.74 0.06 24.07 0.06 2.01 8.93

0.42 15.08 0.07 21.68 0.02 1.19 8.35

0.45 15.46 0.07 21.77 0.02 1.16 8.39

0.47 15.06 0.07 20.05 0.06 0.98 7.32

0.16 -0.21 -6.70 -3.68 7.78

3.36 1.42 0.46 -14.82 -7.64 3.37

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

5.40 17.22 17.22 -

6.62 10.14 10.14 -

0.05 8.71 15.46 13.24 2.22

0.11 11.12 1.85 16.48 0.30 14.65 1.52

0.13 11.44 0.56 12.38 0.23 11.01 1.13

0.13 11.50 0.56 12.70 0.23 11.45 1.02

0.15 10.97 0.57 11.57 0.20 10.38 0.99

2.85 -0.63 -1.53 -

5.64 1.22 -1.52 -1.28 -4.15

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.344 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

108.4 1.6 -2.8 2.0

105.7 6.4 -4.4 -9.4

76.6 14.7 -2.6 1.4

26.7 21.8 -1.1 4.8

15.5 39.2 -0.8 -2.4

15.3 33.6 -0.8 -5.5

15.6 23.7 -1.1 5.7

-2.0 13.9 -0.6 x

-8.1 4.4 -5.6 x

Primary supply

109.2

98.3

90.2

52.1

51.5

42.6

43.8

-1.1

-3.9

Statistical difference

3.3

0.1

-1.5

0.1

0.2

0.0

..

x

x

Total transformation

-62.1 e

-76.3 e

-72.1 e

-44.6 e

-45.5 e

-37.6 e

..

0.9

-3.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-65.0 -65.0 -

-74.3 -72.0 -2.3

-68.3 -66.3 -1.9

-41.1 -37.7 -3.3

-42.2 -39.2 -3.0

-35.2 -32.4 -2.7

.. .. ..

0.3 0.1 -

-3.4 -3.7 1.9

8.4

0.3

0.0

-

-

-

..

-37.0

-

-5.5 e -2.3 e -3.2 -0.0

-2.4 e -0.9 e -1.4 -0.0

-3.9 e -2.6 e -1.1 -0.2

-3.6 e -3.0 e -0.6 0.1

-3.3 e -2.6 e -0.7 0.0

-2.4 e -1.9 e -0.6 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

-2.1 0.8 -6.2 9.7

-2.4 -1.6 -3.4 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

0.0

0.0

0.0

..

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-3.2

-1.9

-1.1

-1.5

-1.2

-1.0

..

-6.1

-0.8

Losses

-1.8

-0.0

-0.0

-0.2

-0.3

-0.1

..

x

x

Final consumption

45.3

20.2

15.4

Industry(5)

20.1 9.0 e 0.3 3.5 1.2

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

(4)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential

5.9

4.7

4.0

..

-6.2

-6.8

3.3 1.2 e 0.0 1.1 0.1

3.5 1.8 e 0.1 1.0 0.1

2.9 1.3 e 0.1 1.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.5 -4.8 6.2 -5.4 -4.5

-5.9 -5.7 -12.0 -1.8 -8.3

-

0.0

0.0

..

-18.3

6.0

6.3 1.3 5.0

2.3 0.1 2.2

0.9 0.0 0.9

0.9 0.1 0.9

.. .. ..

-7.8 -6.7 -8.1

-9.6 -14.8 -8.8

-

0.3

0.2

0.2

..

-

-

8.5 3.6 e 0.2 2.5 0.1

9.1 3.9 e 0.9 1.4 0.6

0.1

0.1

0.0

25.2 4.2 20.9

11.6 1.9 9.7

-

-

Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.345

UNITED KINGDOM 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes) 1978 Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1990

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

105.68 83.21 80.64 2.57 1.19 1.85 0.01 6.19 0.11 0.03 3.09 0.32 2.65 12.17 -

96.21 84.01 82.56 1.46 0.78 - e 5.25 0.01 e 1.04 1.50 0.63 2.07 e 5.43 -

51.02 46.85 44.76 2.09 0.54 - e 1.88 0.00 e 0.03 1.24 0.12 0.48 e 1.95 -

55.21 52.52 50.58 1.94 0.27 - e 1.78 - e 0.13 1.12 0.14 0.39 e 0.66 -

55.70 53.00 51.03 1.97 0.27 - e 1.91 0.08 e 0.12 1.15 0.14 0.42 e 0.67 -

51.29 48.31 46.25 2.06 0.35 - e 1.90 0.07 e 0.10 1.15 0.15 0.43 e 0.71 -

43.12 40.14 38.26 1.88 0.34 - e 1.75 0.06 e 0.09 1.08 0.12 0.40 e 0.76 -

-0.78 0.08 0.20 -4.59 -3.51 -1.36 -16.73 35.13 -5.84 5.93 -2.04 -6.51 -

-4.14 -3.81 -3.97 1.35 -4.26 -5.61 8.84 -11.92 -1.73 -8.19 -8.29 -9.83 -

14.99 14.91 -

10.52 10.09 0.66 e 0.11 0.11 e - e -

8.82 8.23 0.45 e 0.01 0.01 e - e -

6.57 5.57 0.96 e 0.08 0.08 e - e -

7.20 5.93 1.09 e 0.15 0.15 e - e -

6.93 5.88 0.96 e 0.21 0.21 e - e -

5.66 4.94 0.71 e 0.14 0.14 e - e -

-2.91 -3.21 -

-3.21 -3.69 0.41 1.34 1.34 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.346 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

52.18 67.63 52.91

91.65 141.33 93.18

96.27 66.97 c

55.02 128.62 80.92

86.73 302.68 213.74

102.00 322.38 223.75

148.68 378.32 272.26

105.08 332.30 197.91

119.15 448.79 204.12

49.74 .. 72.81 .. 67.78

91.28 .. 151.36 .. 126.05

88.51 .. 95.94 .. 123.24

59.32 .. 135.97 .. 81.44

99.17 .. x 307.73 298.29

113.43 .. x 408.54 259.02

130.55 .. x c 346.87

110.97 .. x c 251.74

130.49 .. x c 235.90

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(Pounds sterling / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

21.97 49.72 35.47

31.84 85.73 51.54

43.77 53.16 c

29.35 119.80 68.73

38.06 231.91 149.33

41.16 227.14 143.75

65.57 291.31 191.16

54.42 300.48 163.18

62.30 409.74 169.93

23.25 .. 53.53 .. 45.44

35.20 .. 91.81 .. 69.72

44.67 .. 76.16 .. 89.21

35.13 .. 126.65 .. 69.17

48.31 .. x 235.78 208.40

50.81 .. x 287.85 166.41

63.91 .. x c 243.55

63.80 .. x c 207.57

75.74 .. x c 196.39

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

1.60 1.38 .. .. 0.23

6.42 6.26 2.32 3.94 0.16

14.75 14.38 8.84 5.54 0.37

21.75 21.27 8.34 12.93 0.48

45.29 44.30 6.68 37.62 0.99

39.28 38.23 7.38 30.85 1.05

39.24 38.53 6.26 32.27 0.71

33.65 33.47 5.09 28.38 0.18

23.71 23.59 6.15 17.44 0.12

2.85 2.22 .. .. 0.62

4.41 3.24 0.03 3.20 1.18

2.56 2.17 0.05 2.12 0.39

1.11 0.66 0.00 0.66 0.45

0.64 0.46 0.00 0.46 0.17

0.82 0.57 0.01 0.55 0.26

0.83 0.63 0.14 0.48 0.21

0.85 0.68 0.01 0.67 0.17

1.13 0.63 0.63 0.50

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.347

UNITED KINGDOM 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Hard Coal

2352

12732

14783

15896

23446

43364

43875

38167

26523

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1383 380 207 375 421 -

7150 2988 337 3 1160 2647 14

8614 2966 961 2 794 3791 7

7754 3194 1306 396 1792 1

8462 4880 1633 1936 2

7481 3909 1689 1378 52

6349 3203 1378 1472 -

5164 2487 201 1578 50

6235 3235 434 2132 1

-

1 -

93 -

38 27 1000

11 -

65 357 6 25

296 -

304 544 -

66 351 16 -

969 645 53 41 1 73

5582 2469 61 10 783 258 498 525

6169 67 24 2 248 250 1641 1868

8142 447 58 2 131 878 2056 162

14984 1222 1107 837 204

35883 535 11 130 1122 278

37526 699 1 19 224 2808 364

33003 444 17 566 3122 502

20288 12 3 31 563 2391 444

26 106 24

34 89 724 23 108

69 956 356 499 169 20

77 2648 65 1313 133 101 71

143 5649 9 4756 480 208 123 246

218 3855 1470 7964 20196 69 10 25

51 5294 2162 4281 21228 385 9 1

615 5250 721 3063 18506 92 105

17 6372 275 781 9399 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.348 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED KINGDOM 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

2176

2379

2258

856

656

531

461

641

602

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

2174 113 125 6 950 446 202 53 168 79 3 3 26 -

2327 1 44 1278 2 183 191 13 19 391 14 12 111 3 65 -

1960 1 67 366 204 271 214 18 246 25 145 178 138 87 -

845 86 31 1 142 10 349 27 118 60 21 -

651 12 77 13 265 1 71 15 158 31 8 -

528 43 5 1 6 9 3 7 303 10 24 117 -

455 55 3 1 19 3 204 77 25 68 -

602 43 1 7 8 312 3 31 6 191 -

574 140 1 3 4 4 8 314 4 67 8 21 -

2 2 -

49 48 -

289 5 1 1 282 -

5 -

4 1 2 1

3 1 1 1

4 1 1 2

7 1 1 -

9 2 1 2

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

-

1

-

5

-

-

-

5

4

-

3

9

6

1

-

2

32

19

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.349

UNITED KINGDOM 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

72.56

57.61

46.84

116.05

128.51

120.24

187.79

196.99

184.15

76.77 67.89 .. 65.40 72.53 .. .. .. 46.86

56.28 55.72 .. 53.12 60.78 .. 59.04 .. 59.92

45.23 45.32 .. .. 52.11 .. .. .. 43.01

127.10 99.81 .. .. 113.10 .. .. .. 91.89

136.58 117.54 .. .. 127.10 .. .. .. 71.41

124.16 104.80 .. .. 131.69 207.67 .. .. 82.35

201.79 192.51 .. .. 176.47 .. .. .. 69.16

231.88 241.64 .. .. 145.57 .. .. .. 98.63

190.25 186.81 .. .. 181.09 .. 135.86 .. 147.54

45.19 41.59 .. .. 51.92 44.64 .. 43.65 43.16 50.58 .. ..

39.73 35.25 .. .. 41.04 38.57 .. 38.30 41.04 39.22 .. ..

84.03 91.62 .. .. 112.37 79.53 71.23 78.56 90.44 82.58 .. ..

139.40 168.33 .. .. 145.69 133.03 .. .. 155.46 139.84 .. ..

68.56 95.59 59.29 101.88 84.94 69.28 73.47 73.07 .. 53.72 .. ..

70.24 69.91 85.03 72.19 .. 2529.04 .. .. 71.87 65.00 83.66 62.86 98.27 150.04 70.13 70.11 69.27 69.85 70.78 70.67 .. .. .. ..

94.70 100.52 91.04 .. .. 2075.56 .. .. 92.85 97.54 85.17 92.99 x x 89.35 105.53 85.90 106.00 96.44 94.88 .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.350 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES* Figure 2: Coal supply indicators (1971 = 100)

Figure 1: TPES by fuel (Mtce) 4000

160

3500

140

3000

120

2500

100

2000

80

1500

60 40

1000

20

500

0

0

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Coal/TPES

Renewables

2010e

Coal/population

Coal/GDP

Figure 4: Coal consumption (Mtce)

Figure 3: Primary coal supply (Mtce) 900

900

800

800

700

700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Production

Coal supply

Exports

Imports

2010e

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Electricity and heat

Industry

Other use

Figure 6: CO2 emissions by fuel (Mt CO2)

Figure 5: Electricity generation by fuel (TWh) 5000

Other transformation

2009

7000

4500

6000

4000 5000

3500 3000

4000

2500 3000

2000 1500

2000

1000 1000

500

0

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Nuclear

2010e Other

1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Coal

*Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Peat is included in coal for all figures. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil

Natural Gas

Other

2009

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.351

UNITED STATES 1. Total primary energy supply (TPES) by fuel*

TPES (Mtce) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and waste Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Net electricity trade(1) Heat(2)

1973

1980

1990

2471.34 444.35 1167.84 735.02 53.57 33.20 32.60 3.01 1.75 -

2578.11 537.48 1138.47 681.12 77.84 99.10 34.25 6.57 3.28 -

2735.71 657.43 1081.20 626.05 88.94 227.69 33.56 20.14 0.46 0.24 -

2000

2008

2009

2010e

3247.62 3252.91 3089.88 3192.85 762.32 779.66 692.83 732.85 1244.50 1211.54 1143.84 1154.21 782.26 772.73 763.15 806.13 104.62 120.70 119.72 127.03 296.99 311.91 309.08 312.33 31.11 31.54 33.86 31.84 18.70 11.57 11.67 12.02 2.96 e 9.23 e 11.55 e 14.14 4.17 4.03 4.18 2.30 -

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 0.60 2.33 -0.45 -0.94 3.03 11.99 0.17 11.83 -10.97 -

0.64 0.28 0.30 1.05 1.58 1.62 0.05 -2.83 18.51 16.15 -

(1) Net trade between OECD and non-OECD countries. (2) Ambient heat from heat pumps used in the transformation sector. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

2. Energy supply, GDP and population*

GDP (2000 bil. US$) TPES/GDP(1) Population (millions) TPES/population(1) TPES/GDP(2) Coal and peat supply/GDP(2) Elec. consumption/GDP(2) Elec. generation (TWh) Industrial production(2)

1973 4322 0.57 211.9 11.66 174.3 133.5 109.1 1966 48.8

1980 5142 0.50 227.7 11.32 152.8 135.7 111.4 2427 54.3

1990 7064 0.39 250.2 10.93 118.0 120.8 105.5 3203 67.5

2000 9899 0.33 282.4 11.50 100.0 100.0 100.0 4026 100.0

2008 11668 0.28 304.8 10.67 85.0 86.8 92.4 4343 104.6

2009 11357 0.27 307.5 10.05 82.9 79.2 90.7 4165 92.9

2010e 11681 0.27 310.5 10.28 83.3 81.5 .. 4337 97.8

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09 2.93 2.53 -2.27 -1.84 0.98 1.09 -0.38 -0.44 -2.27 -1.84 -0.58 -2.20 -0.20 -0.79 2.91 1.39 1.93 1.69

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

(1) TPES/GDP in units of tce/2000 thousand US$, TPES/population in units of tce/capita. (2) As index, 2000 = 100 Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries , OECD Main Economic Indicators

3. Coal and peat production by type*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Mtce: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

93.39 417.76 15.55 -

119.23 499.84 20.81 -

96.20 641.20 37.33 -

56.00 674.42 36.51 -

55.37 739.55 32.65 -

44.77 681.38 31.18 -

66.01 672.36 30.75 -

0.25 3.63 7.57 -

-3.95 0.32 -0.94 -

Mt: Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat

92.20 484.60 31.16 -

117.72 592.46 42.78 -

93.26 760.39 79.91 -

54.29 839.69 77.62 -

57.37 949.86 68.66 -

46.56 875.24 65.75 -

68.65 863.63 64.85 -

0.10 3.83 8.16 -

-3.59 0.74 -1.02 -

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.352 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 4. Final consumption of energy by fuel* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

2009

1879.10 105.84 990.71 524.24 53.46 204.84 -

1873.27 80.24 984.48 482.02 77.69 248.85 -

1847.86 79.51 976.13 432.84 32.27 0.48 323.55 3.07

2208.90 46.54 1133.46 514.12 74.50 0.74 2.06 429.93 7.54

2259.46 44.31 1184.00 459.57 87.89 1.48 1.89 470.03 10.28

2197.69 42.97 1111.50 469.62 92.91 0.35 1.96 468.43 9.95

2089.32 33.63 1058.07 445.70 92.46 0.31 1.96 447.47 9.70

-0.10 -1.67 -0.09 -1.12 -2.93 2.73 -

0.65 -4.43 0.43 0.15 5.70 -2.22 1.72 6.24

Total industry Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat

562.57 86.07 103.18 253.15 40.82 79.34 -

553.39 68.92 127.85 216.47 48.48 91.67 -

405.33 65.74 63.22 156.98 12.94 106.46 -

474.65 43.37 36.66 196.97 51.22 0.16 140.32 5.96

424.75 41.81 44.47 166.92 49.15 0.17 114.11 8.13

418.49 40.49 45.28 166.54 45.75 0.17 112.40 7.86

369.87 31.36 39.18 150.98 42.36 0.15 98.17 7.67

-1.91 -1.57 -2.84 -2.77 -6.54 1.74 -

-0.48 -3.82 -2.49 -0.20 6.44 -0.43 -

Total transport Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

591.81 567.23 24.06

607.53 586.07 21.07

696.52 674.00 22.01

840.34 813.56 21.68

898.22 855.17 21.53

858.64 807.31 22.42

825.37 771.90 20.83

0.96 1.02 -0.52

0.90 0.72 -0.29

Biofuels and wastes Electricity Residential Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

0.53 339.29 4.54 102.37 161.22

0.38 307.97 2.24 59.79 157.78

0.51 299.82 2.12 37.67 146.51

4.55 0.54 377.20 1.90 e 45.58 166.04

20.51 1.00 381.91 35.92 157.55

27.97 0.95 382.65 32.97 162.75

31.68 0.96 374.38 31.66 158.65

-0.22 -0.72 -4.36 -5.71 -0.56

3.41 1.18 -0.91 0.42

Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Comm & public services Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

71.17 212.45 4.89 69.72 85.81

88.15 203.65 2.60 45.72 86.69

113.52 227.52 3.45 30.44 87.50

14.82 0.31 2.06 146.50 275.78 1.27 e 23.79 104.53

14.70 0.79 1.89 171.05 292.44 2.43 20.76 99.39

15.39 0.05 1.96 169.54 295.42 2.48 19.54 103.76

14.70 0.05 1.96 167.36 295.11 2.27 22.45 102.41

2.78 0.40 -2.04 -4.76 0.11

2.06 1.38 -2.17 -1.59 0.83

Biofuels and waste Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat Non-energy use Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas

52.03 126.74 126.74 -

68.65 145.63 145.63 -

103.06 3.07 e 170.06 150.23 19.84

1.77 0.27 142.55 1.58 e 218.61 193.72 24.89

3.00 0.52 164.18 2.16 e 219.12 204.94 14.18

3.29 0.13 164.13 2.09 e 198.88 184.73 14.15

3.23 0.12 162.59 2.04 e 185.75 172.92 12.83

4.10 1.74 1.00 -

2.43 -2.14 0.47 0.74 -2.27

TFC(1) Coal and peat Oil Natural Gas Biofuels and wastes Geothermal Solar, wind, tide Electricity Heat of which:

(1) Total Final Consumption (TFC) excludes use in transformation processes and energy industry own use. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.353

UNITED STATES 5. Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 73-90 90-09

1973

1980

1990

2000

2008

2009

2010e

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

476.2 1.0 -44.3 11.4

639.9 1.5 -83.0 -21.0

774.7 3.0 -97.1 -23.2

766.9 14.3 -54.7 35.8

827.6 30.1 -68.9 -9.2

757.3 18.2 -49.8 -32.9

769.1 16.4 -68.9 16.2

2.9 6.6 4.7 x

-0.1 9.9 -3.5 x

Primary supply

444.4

537.5

657.4

762.3

779.7

692.8

732.9

2.3

0.3

Statistical difference

18.1

-11.1

9.0

21.7

-12.2

-19.6

..

x

x

Total transformation

-348.1 e

-442.6

-585.2 e

-735.5 e

-721.6 e

-637.9 e

..

3.1

0.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-309.9 -309.9 -

-417.2 -417.2 -

-565.7 e -559.6 -6.2 e

-716.5 e -699.7 e -16.8 e

-707.3 -702.1 -5.2

-628.2 -623.7 -4.4

.. .. ..

3.6 3.5 -

0.6 0.6 -1.7

0.5

c

-2.6 e

-2.7 e

-2.7

-2.8

..

-

0.3

-16.8 e -11.4 e -5.4 -

-16.2 e -10.9 e -5.3 e -

-6.9 e -4.4 e -2.5 -

.. .. .. .. ..

-4.8 -4.7 -5.0 -

-4.6 -4.8 -4.0 -

-

-

..

-

-

-2.9

-1.7

..

-8.9

-0.3

Autoproducers Gas works (2)

Coal transformation BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-38.7 e -25.8 e -12.9 -

-25.3 e -16.2 e -9.1 -

-11.6 e -7.9 e -3.7 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-8.6

-3.6

-1.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

x

x

105.8

80.2

79.5

46.5

43.0

33.6

..

-1.7

-4.4

68.9 29.6 e 11.2 10.0 7.1

65.7 18.1 e 12.5 e 11.1 10.4

43.4 11.2 e 9.6 e 11.4 3.7

40.5 6.9 e 7.2 9.9 6.7

31.4 4.5 e 6.0 6.7 5.6

.. .. .. .. ..

-1.6 -5.6 0.3 4.5 2.5

-3.8 -7.1 -3.8 -2.6 -3.2

Losses (4)

Final consumption Industry(5)

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

86.1 48.4 e 11.9 5.2 6.8 -

-

-

19.8 4.9 4.5

11.3 2.6 2.2

13.8 3.4 2.1

-

-

-

-2.0 e

3.2 1.3 e 1.9 e -

-

-

..

-

-

2.5 2.5 -

2.3 2.3 -

.. .. ..

-2.1 -2.0 -4.4

-9.1 -2.2 -

-

-

..

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal and peat to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, (2) briquettes, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for detailed explanation. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels * (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), * as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.354 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 6. Use of coal for selected end-uses* (million tonnes)

Steam coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Coking coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Blast furnace inputs Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use Brown coal Total electricity and heat Main activity producers Autoproducers Patent fuel/BKB plants Coke ovens Gas manufacture Industry Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Other industry Res, comm & pub serv(1) Non-energy use

2000

Average annual percent change 78-90 90-09

1978

1990

2005

2007

2008

2009

484.73 408.08 408.08 44.63 3.66 10.08 11.51 7.54 11.83 8.54 -

701.66 637.00 630.72 6.27 0.17 52.18 1.71 14.26 11.97 11.28 12.98 5.99 -

866.16 835.53 820.06 15.48 - e 2.39 35.88 1.46 10.51 12.23 4.07 7.62 3.68 -

932.69 762.86 756.35 6.50 119.79 1.20 35.68 0.32 7.23 11.35 6.82 9.96 3.58 -

934.63 763.53 758.92 4.61 127.67 1.48 35.56 0.48 7.38 11.73 7.04 8.94 2.77 -

931.32 885.42 880.48 4.93 1.83 37.01 0.65 7.96 10.72 7.47 10.21 2.85 -

839.35 793.46 788.93 4.53 1.03 29.83 0.47 6.68 7.35 6.22 9.11 2.63 -

3.13 3.78 3.70 1.31 -6.17 2.93 0.32 3.41 0.77 -2.91 -

0.95 1.16 1.18 -1.70 9.82 -2.90 -6.57 -3.91 -2.53 -3.09 -1.85 -4.25 -

68.89 64.77 -

35.27 35.27 -

25.96 25.96 e -

20.89 2.81 18.45 -

20.52 2.37 18.24 -

19.99 20.02 -

14.04 13.90 -

-5.43 -4.94 -

-4.73 -4.78 -

30.77 28.49 28.49 2.19 2.19 0.09 -

79.02 72.04 70.94 1.10 5.64 1.24 0.23 0.00 1.01 0.11 -

74.27 70.01 68.76 1.25 5.67 1.42 0.24 0.00 1.18 0.05 -

76.14 70.49 68.44 2.06 5.39 0.29 0.24 0.01 0.05 0.01 -

71.85 65.48 65.48 5.33 0.32 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.10 -

70.44 63.37 63.37 5.30 0.28 0.24 0.04 -

65.11 58.04 58.04 5.43 0.29 0.26 0.03 -

8.18 8.04 7.90 -4.61 -6.27 1.52 -

-1.01 -1.13 -1.05 -0.20 -7.35 0.54 -16.59 -

(1) Residential, commercial and public services. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.355

UNITED STATES 7. Fuel prices to end users*

1978(1)

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(US dollars / tce) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

29.96 62.13 43.89

36.39 124.76 67.87

38.52 97.68 71.64

31.51 125.20 134.45

44.47 228.94 213.57

46.45 252.05 218.95

54.32 401.40 281.88

57.97 259.67 144.61

59.42 370.49 156.67

36.26 48.94 52.81 .. 50.94

41.85 61.20 100.43 .. 76.71

40.00 52.01 76.81 .. 86.68

37.77 48.41 118.29 .. 132.99

61.57 101.49 240.01 .. 234.92

64.85 103.44 271.97 .. 228.49

75.60 128.62 391.37 .. 288.82

77.28 156.19 260.92 .. 157.73

76.20 158.80 338.46 .. 161.29

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(US dollars / unit)(2) For electricity generation Steam coal Heavy fuel oil Natural gas

26.11 88.65 56.43

31.72 178.01 87.26

33.57 139.37 92.11

27.46 178.64 172.86

38.76 326.67 274.59

40.48 359.64 281.51

47.35 572.74 362.42

50.53 370.52 185.93

51.79 528.64 201.43

33.57 49.57 75.35 .. 65.50

38.74 61.99 143.30 .. 98.63

37.03 52.68 109.60 .. 111.44

34.97 49.04 168.79 .. 170.99

56.99 102.79 342.47 .. 302.04

60.04 104.77 388.06 .. 293.77

69.99 130.28 558.43 .. 371.33

71.54 158.20 372.29 .. 202.80

70.54 160.84 482.93 .. 207.37

For industry Steam coal Coking coal High sulphur fuel oil Low sulphur fuel oil Natural gas

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For steam coal, coking coal and heavy fuel oil per metric tonne; for natural gas per 107 kilocalories GCV. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Prices & Taxes

8. Coal and peat trade by type of coal* (Mtce)

Total imports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

Total exports Hard coal Coking coal Steam coal Brown coal Peat Coal products(1)

1973

1980

1990

2000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010e

1.03 0.10 .. .. 0.92

1.53 0.97 0.97 0.56

3.03 2.34 2.34 0.68

14.31 10.89 1.60 9.30 0.04 3.38

33.13 29.40 1.48 27.93 0.09 3.63

31.73 29.48 1.46 28.02 0.05 2.20

30.14 26.86 1.52 25.34 0.06 3.22

18.22 17.85 0.91 16.94 0.06 0.31

16.41 15.27 1.33 13.93 0.06 1.08

44.33 43.06 .. .. 1.27

82.98 81.19 57.98 23.20 0.03 1.76

97.12 96.58 59.39 37.19 0.03 0.51

54.74 53.69 30.72 22.97 0.03 1.02

42.13 40.60 23.46 17.14 0.08 1.44

49.56 48.12 27.46 20.66 0.15 1.29

68.89 67.01 36.31 30.71 0.13 1.75

49.81 48.53 31.80 16.74 0.11 1.17

68.89 67.49 47.88 19.61 0.10 1.31

(1) Coal products includes products derived from coal, for example: coke, coal tar, briquettes, patent fuels. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries, IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.356 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 9. Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard Coal

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

2679

1771

2449

6533

11271

32865

30913

20408

17423

-

-

-

-

1547 1511 -

1515 1469 46

1580 1580 -

947 947 -

1385 1385 -

-

-

-

-

36 -

-

-

-

-

2679 933 49 645 -

1771 35 367 6

2449 22 883 5 -

6533 192 1197 39

9724 152 155 6

31350 60 209 1 32

29333 135 140 1

19461 138 92 -

16038 86 3 345

996 56

539 824 -

1296 238 5

2483 924 1675 23

18 6928 651 1813 1

46 24370 3323 122 34 3107 46

41 23825 3060 34 2097 -

8 16137 1891 18 1177 -

48 13230 1728 38 528 32

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former republics are not available separately for some OECD member countries. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.357

UNITED STATES 10. Coking coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

27433

54715

57568

47255

29780

29198

38599

33802

50906

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

23813 956 5410 1468 560 2905 8991 505 929 68 265 688 299 409 360 -

45183 3381 6360 151 3471 586 7 13 54 5701 12613 1909 303 2975 98 244 2460 997 1716 2144 -

47721 5532 3988 68 50 86 4501 636 28 50 6377 10019 2908 3 3606 99 234 3156 764 1906 3710 -

36210 3546 4039 657 2863 329 36 127 4086 7193 2335 3609 83 27 1976 1006 1638 2660 -

22752 2343 3501 288 2197 419 65 48 56 3297 852 1096 355 1735 42 198 1993 642 1584 2041 -

18450 125 1424 3299 90 1584 1056 30 3076 129 316 1848 10 401 284 136 1337 483 1306 1516 -

25300 294 1650 3266 45 210 240 1884 1030 126 10 50 68 2612 1266 970 642 3072 78 1552 643 72 1172 523 257 1703 1865 -

21764 280 1829 2168 42 25 73 131 1941 1500 31 46 1908 624 1562 551 2651 31 889 219 161 1432 434 127 1294 1815 -

31644 412 1689 3091 262 1792 1478 40 59 2388 2696 2715 77 700 4929 75 2149 201 223 1393 401 37 2076 2761 -

3620 1342 205 218 673 1 914 24

9532 5240 286 457 1051 841 588 118

9847 5219 357 586 1559 485 580 21

11045 5748 336 1119 1528 300 400 400

6642 4093 116 682 22 443 269 184 -

10748 5813 1379 800 209 500 296 -

13299 5457 71 1230 1439 1518 648 427 -

12019 6714 77 574 1869 294 440 417 893 -

19190 7125 227 1042 2299 812 161 321 3808 -

243

951

1040

1214

833

1751

2509

741

3395

-

-

-

-

386

-

-

19

72

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.358 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 11. Steam coal exports by destination* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports

9837

29333

38344

33074

23226

24161

35089

19578

23021

Total OECD Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

9370 8782 38 36 22 160 300 27 5 -

26112 1 634 8508 1958 1152 594 392 1112 7 335 421 3599 1331 1020 44 2765 143 626 674 230 8 275 283 -

33473 1 2178 10083 274 2842 1740 320 15 1322 530 4451 2074 719 188 3982 1 62 1386 282 21 15 987 -

29596 937 4541 1905 530 457 1562 829 562 3194 3696 2081 3015 25 1562 2111 8 191 2390 -

22026 278 13524 48 70 564 467 456 65 3181 508 373 643 74 343 441 55 936 -

20571 75 483 13386 298 72 176 578 1009 74 135 5 72 148 2278 258 1 1523 -

32209 1144 17555 774 139 185 1263 1256 66 74 287 306 255 457 3279 109 391 990 144 149 34 3352 -

18366 24 602 7447 617 218 71 1111 729 152 217 198 392 611 2682 801 149 1 2344 -

19927 105 367 7245 1053 73 166 1080 935 47 612 175 2522 983 1699 65 531 182 373 275 220 1219 -

95 11 1 82 1

3221 78 2575 176 110 2

4869 79 3820 682 128 108 5

3476 13 2033 1 271 1099 -

923 22 825 1 9 -

3590 95 2 1 1069 2212 133 10 -

2753 328 72 73 1715 43 220 -

1077 6 1 630 154 140 1

3094 63 146 171 1044 115 1445 77

-

280

47

59

66

68

302

145

33

372

-

2

2

277

-

127

135

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Chinese Taipei Egypt India Romania Oth. Africa & Mid. East Other Latin America (2) China Other Asia & Oceania Other Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) China includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV - IV.359

UNITED STATES 12. Coal import values by origin* (average unit value, CIF, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

43.12

111.68

120.55

105.88

129.17

127.79

198.88

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 43.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

61.90 116.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

65.04 123.29 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 107.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 129.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 127.79 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 198.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

31.11 31.84 30.82 .. .. .. 79.56 28.92 .. .. .. ..

47.39 35.09 69.63 .. .. .. 103.19 47.17 .. 63.72 .. ..

50.55 48.18 60.63 .. .. .. 109.06 51.34 33.61 57.81 .. ..

49.53 34.93 59.70 .. .. .. 103.58 51.03 .. 60.80 .. ..

61.88 58.63 53.24 .. .. .. .. .. 107.32 .. .. ..

(1)

Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Steam coal(3) Imports from: Australia Canada Czech Republic Poland United States China Colombia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2)

36.86 45.99 26.95 .. .. .. .. 40.64 .. .. .. ..

36.50 34.16 35.65 .. .. .. .. 34.33 .. .. .. ..

68.57 63.43 78.02 .. .. .. .. 67.76 .. .. .. ..

67.86 62.55 76.65 .. .. .. 65.61 69.79 .. .. ..

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high import costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. (2) Former Soviet Union until 1991, Russian Federation starting in 1992. (3) Bituminous steam coal only. Weighted average of individual countries using volumes as weights. Prices exclude intra-EU trade. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I.

Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

IV.360 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART IV

UNITED STATES 13. Coal export values by destination* (average unit value, FOB, US$/tonne)

Coking coal

(1)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

51.55

48.47

42.98

89.91

111.72

98.10

148.39

129.77

160.32

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

52.98 41.81 30.83 49.30 49.93 51.40 x x 52.78 50.34 51.94 66.52 50.47 53.97 53.76 x 50.88 53.46 x x

50.67 40.31 x 47.01 49.69 52.38 x x 51.38 45.35 51.32 x 51.20 53.04 52.60 x 47.93 51.83 x x

44.05 35.61 x 43.90 44.19 40.06 x x 49.45 41.99 45.46 74.32 38.54 43.31 48.17 x 38.17 46.13 x x

88.93 71.82 x 86.04 99.69 111.12 x x 86.21 100.61 93.04 109.84 x 77.98 69.27 x 111.52 92.21 x x

99.65 85.70 x 90.82 102.30 108.85 x x 104.96 89.80 95.44 x x 97.67 100.90 x 102.15 108.20 x x

98.07 84.83 x 103.00 96.39 92.86 x x 104.34 x 94.55 122.19 x 102.18 104.18 x 96.89 99.41 x x

127.74 100.31 61.92 241.61 126.48 121.70 147.74 90.00 121.55 157.59 129.86 144.71 x 131.61 117.30 116.02 224.53 133.40 x x

126.93 99.83 63.50 114.55 123.78 109.95 x x 128.06 181.25 124.48 173.02 62.88 129.74 155.54 118.09 126.34 117.05 x x

156.58 123.73 x 194.30 143.17 167.39 x x 160.27 166.81 139.66 162.85 x 167.89 158.54 180.00 171.77 145.13 x x

Steam coal(1)

39.99

38.94

31.84

67.09

55.66

52.61

62.76

81.33

71.63

Exports to: Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other OECD Non-OECD

41.48 33.62 37.89 x 40.87 38.83 x 43.05 44.93 41.76 43.17 58.16 44.04 39.25 38.57 x 23.41 47.41 x x

38.66 33.74 35.09 39.17 38.72 36.72 40.89 39.75 45.97 38.61 40.53 x 39.99 45.59 53.51 x 34.12 37.01 x x

27.48 31.87 27.65 x 28.96 29.11 x 30.17 30.67 34.90 28.90 19.54 29.44 23.16 x 189.05 38.43 28.13 x x

58.94 60.16 42.00 x 40.17 48.08 x x 89.78 105.21 76.28 x 50.33 61.22 117.24 x 104.55 74.26 x x

58.36 49.06 59.11 56.58 64.19 69.89 x x 51.04 166.53 69.91 x 56.43 49.43 x x 46.09 52.59 x x

66.32 44.34 84.60 99.11 91.66 63.28 x 73.21 76.87 198.41 69.83 x 59.75 45.82 x x 44.99 51.74 x x

89.15 38.83 96.49 125.87 102.43 83.25 72.00 101.56 116.28 143.02 79.14 x 67.00 72.22 56.00 65.00 82.72 68.99 x x

117.67 63.73 55.70 68.50 152.78 101.53 63.99 x 107.99 113.97 82.78 x 102.41 105.24 x 108.38 81.71 72.49 x x

78.38 64.91 75.00 89.00 88.91 72.38 75.00 288.07 96.09 83.85 79.70 x 65.59 69.71 193.09 255.54 176.85 69.60 x x

Note: On occasion, shipment of extremely small quantities of high valued coal results in high export costs. (1) Weighted average of individual countries using import volumes as weights. * Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.1

PART V NON-OECD COAL DATA

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.3

GENERAL NOTES In Part V, the statistical tables on world hard coal supply and end-use and on coal production, consumption and trade for the major non-OECD countries supplement the information presented in Parts II and III of this book1.

World hard coal supply and end-use statistics This section provides historical data for world hard coal supply and end-use for 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2007 to 2009. These data summarise information published in the IEA/OECD publications Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2011 Edition, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2011 Edition and Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2011 Edition. In cases where it is available, estimated coal trade statistics are shown for 2010.

Coal balances These tables show all coal use for selected non-OECD countries in a format whereby coal production, imports, exports and stock changes “balance” transformation uses and final consumption. The transformation of coal into secondary products is clearly accounted for. Data for 2010 are preliminary and revised in the IEA quarterly publication Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity Quarterly Statistics.

Calorific values used to convert primary coal data for OECD countries to million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce) are shown in Part I. Calorific values of coal in non-OECD countries are published annually in Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries.

Coal trade Trade tables show steam and coking coal imports and exports by origin and destination for major nonOECD coal importers and exporters. In order to provide a breakdown of trade between steam coal and coking coal, the data have been gathered from a variety of sources, including from official submissions by OECD Member countries to the IEA Secretariat and UNECE Member countries to the UNECE Secretariat (in Geneva), published national sources for each country and from commercial publications. Data reported by exporting countries have been used where no importing country detail is available. Similarly, importing country data have been used in cases where exporting countries do not provide a breakdown of their exports by coal type. Due to classification anomalies and differences in reporting methods and time periods covered, the detailed data in the trade tables may not agree with coal trade data presented elsewhere in Coal Information.

1. Data for Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine are available only after 1990. Data for all former Soviet Union republics, as well as data for the total Former Soviet Union before 1990, are available on CD (Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.5

World hard coal supply and end-use 1980 (million tonnes) End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1336.3 71.6 8.0 20.2 27.7 20.2 94.5 0.9 0.1 18.0 18.6 3.1 1.9 193.1 0.2 12.8 0.0 3.6 130.1 710.2 1.4

218.6 0.0 2.9 10.1 15.6 2.3 10.0 4.7 29.4 16.2 0.5 0.8 1.2 17.2 68.6 5.0 0.8 7.2 1.0 0.4 5.7 2.2 0.9 7.3 1.1 7.5

196.5 42.4 0.5 15.3 5.8 0.0 0.4 12.7 0.0 0.1 1.5 0.1 30.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 83.2 0.1

301.4 7.4 2.4 8.0 7.4 13.5 0.1 15.7 38.9 0.4 1.4 11.3 66.0 4.7 4.0 3.7 0.2 25.4 0.3 5.9 1.7 2.6 13.7 62.9 4.1

821.4 23.9 0.0 5.5 12.7 9.3 4.8 24.5 45.1 0.0 5.0 9.6 1.9 2.4 0.3 92.6 0.2 9.5 0.1 0.8 92.0 478.7 2.7

41.1 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.1 2.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 19.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 8.9 2.5 0.0

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

561.7

21.5

29.4

142.1

161.0

0.0

Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia

774.8 620.2 111.0 0.2 34.1 2.6 6.8

8.8 2.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.5 4.6 1.2

7.2 6.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6

150.6 127.3 17.4 4.3 1.5 0.1

173.8 126.5 38.2 5.3 2.4 1.5

120.8 115.7 4.4 0.6

Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East

120.8 115.1 2.8 2.9

2.2 0.8 0.1 1.3

28.6 28.2 0.2 0.2

17.4 0.9 13.8 1.0 1.8

53.5 52.3 0.4 0.8

2.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

6.4 1.7 4.2 0.5

5.5 4.5 1.0

0.1 0.1 -

7.3 5.7 0.7 0.9

1.2 0.1 0.7 0.5

0.2 0.2 -

2799.9

256.7

261.8

618.7

1211.0

164.5

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.6 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 1985 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1387.2 122.3 7.7 34.3 26.4 17.1 88.8 0.6 0.1 16.4 22.5 5.2 0.1 2.3 191.6 0.2 16.1 0.0 3.6 94.1 735.9 1.8

273.7 3.6 9.3 14.6 1.4 12.5 5.1 18.8 15.5 2.0 0.5 1.9 22.2 93.4 17.1 0.6 11.6 1.1 1.4 8.4 4.9 2.7 12.7 1.8 10.6

258.0 88.6 1.3 27.4 5.4 0.1 0.0 1.0 9.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.4 36.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.4 84.0 0.2

260.3 5.8 2.4 7.8 6.4 12.6 0.1 12.0 31.7 0.9 0.0 10.5 69.3 7.3 3.8 4.1 0.1 20.5 0.4 5.2 1.6 3.7 10.3 39.4 4.4

945.5 30.0 0.1 5.1 13.3 11.3 4.1 16.1 49.7 0.3 0.1 8.9 23.8 6.9 1.5 4.9 0.5 95.8 0.4 16.6 1.8 0.6 75.7 572.2 5.7

41.2 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 20.4 0.0 0.6 0.5 8.6 2.6 0.0

578.3

30.7

31.2

138.1

167.2

-

1038.4 837.3 150.5 1.0 40.0 1.9 7.8

25.6 2.3 5.5 2.0 2.5 10.1 3.2

9.5 7.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6

134.8 107.5 18.9 5.0 2.7 0.7

267.6 179.0 5.2 68.6 6.0 5.2 3.6

161.4 156.2 4.6 0.5

180.1 173.5 3.1 3.5

3.7 1.2 0.0 2.5

47.8 47.6 0.1 0.1

17.6 1.2 13.0 0.8 2.6

66.0 64.0 0.9 1.1

1.9 1.9 0.1 0.0

11.0 1.7 8.8 0.6

9.3 8.0 1.3

3.2 3.2 -

11.2 9.5 0.8 0.9

1.7 0.1 1.1 0.5

0.2 0.2 0.0

3195.0

343.0

349.8

562.0

1448.0

204.7

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.7

World hard coal supply and end-use 1990 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1457.8 158.6 2.4 37.7 22.4 11.2 76.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 8.0 17.2 6.9 2.4 147.7 0.3 14.6 0.0 2.7 92.8 853.6 2.5

313.4 3.6 14.8 14.2 2.3 10.3 6.1 19.4 13.6 1.4 0.6 3.1 20.4 106.9 23.7 0.2 17.4 0.0 0.6 4.7 10.5 3.5 5.6 14.8 2.4 13.4

275.7 103.4 0.7 31.0 5.0 0.1 0.6 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.3 28.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 95.9 0.3

244.8 6.3 2.3 7.3 5.0 10.8 0.8 11.1 24.1 1.0 0.0 8.8 66.8 11.9 2.9 3.9 0.6 18.3 0.3 4.8 1.6 4.7 10.2 37.0 4.4

1034.8 38.2 1.4 6.6 12.2 4.9 9.4 3.9 11.0 51.9 2.0 10.8 31.1 7.7 4.0 8.7 0.3 77.6 3.3 18.9 1.2 0.5 84.0 637.0 8.4

26.6 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 12.1 0.0 0.5 1.4 4.2 2.3 0.1

517.2

118.6

139.9

117.4

246.0

23.1

1310.6 1050.7 211.2 5.2 35.7 0.5 7.4

43.5 2.0 8.9 6.0 2.6 18.5 5.4

21.7 17.3 0.1 3.0 0.5 0.8

169.3 134.0 24.9 5.1 4.2 1.1

443.7 302.0 9.9 113.7 5.6 8.6 3.9

172.8 167.0 5.4 0.4

183.3 174.8 5.3 3.1

4.1 1.3 0.1 2.7

50.1 49.9 0.1 0.1

16.4 1.3 12.3 0.9 2.0

79.2 0.0 74.3 2.7 2.2

2.4 2.3 0.1 0.0

24.6 0.6 21.4 2.6

11.7 10.1 1.5

15.4 13.5 1.9

12.3 10.3 0.8 1.2

1.8 0.0 1.5 0.2

0.2 0.2 0.0

3493.5

491.4

502.8

560.2

1805.4

225.0

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.8 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 1995 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1406.0 191.1 0.0 0.6 38.6 17.7 8.5 58.9 0.0 6.3 5.7 9.3 3.3 137.2 13.5 2.2 53.0 858.6 1.3

360.4 3.0 14.1 9.7 2.7 13.0 5.8 13.2 15.1 1.4 1.4 2.9 18.5 127.4 45.8 0.8 17.1 0.0 1.5 6.0 13.4 3.5 5.9 15.9 6.5 15.8

298.6 136.7 0.0 0.8 34.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.3 31.9 0.0 0.9 80.3 0.2

212.5 6.1 1.9 4.9 4.2 7.5 1.7 9.4 13.8 1.4 7.0 62.9 14.1 2.7 4.1 0.7 16.6 0.5 3.3 1.7 4.2 8.1 31.4 4.3

1111.8 40.6 1.1 6.2 9.6 5.1 10.4 4.1 8.8 55.1 0.1 2.3 8.2 47.6 16.7 7.6 9.3 0.3 55.8 4.6 23.3 0.9 1.2 59.6 723.0 10.3

24.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 13.9 0.4 1.3 2.8 2.8 0.0

318.2

51.3

49.6

84.4

183.4

15.4

1668.4 1342.9 268.3 20.9 23.7 0.2 12.4

61.3 1.6 9.1 12.5 1.0 28.7 8.3

52.6 28.6 0.7 20.0 0.4 2.9

270.4 232.9 31.2 1.0 4.2 1.1

722.0 502.3 9.7 184.5 4.0 16.4 5.1

141.0 134.8 5.4 0.8

214.2 206.2 4.7 3.3

5.4 1.5 0.4 3.5

59.9 59.7 0.2 0.0

12.2 1.7 7.7 0.7 2.0

92.7 86.4 2.8 3.4

2.6 2.6 0.0 0.0

30.3 0.2 25.7 4.4

13.5 11.8 1.7

22.6 18.3 4.3

13.2 11.4 1.1 0.6

2.6 0.0 1.8 0.8

0.2 0.2 0.0

3637.1

491.9

483.3

592.6

2112.5

183.4

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.9

World hard coal supply and end-use 2000 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1398.7 239.4 0.4 33.8 14.9 3.8 37.4 3.0 8.3 11.3 3.2 103.3 11.3 2.4 31.2 894.0 1.0

458.5 3.4 11.3 18.8 1.1 6.4 5.1 19.0 27.9 1.2 1.2 2.7 19.0 150.3 64.9 2.4 22.5 0.0 1.5 6.4 21.6 3.1 13.0 23.4 11.3 20.7

315.5 187.0 1.4 32.1 5.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.5 23.2 0.0 0.7 53.0 0.6

195.3 4.9 1.9 4.3 4.2 5.4 1.3 7.0 11.6 1.3 6.7 60.0 17.1 2.7 3.1 0.7 13.2 0.5 3.8 1.8 4.3 8.2 27.4 3.9

1267.4 51.1 1.4 4.4 15.7 3.9 6.2 3.5 10.4 51.8 0.0 2.3 9.5 64.9 39.0 9.6 8.6 0.4 51.7 5.2 28.1 0.5 1.9 46.9 835.5 14.7

14.8 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.1 0.8 1.9 2.2 0.0

289.7

41.3

73.4

83.5

144.0

16.5

1620.9 1231.1 311.4 40.9 22.5 0.1 15.0

86.2 2.2 6.1 20.9 0.1 0.1 40.7 16.1

96.8 55.1 1.3 36.4 0.4 3.7

228.7 195.4 26.3 0.1 5.9 1.0

917.4 613.0 6.9 252.9 3.8 28.7 12.1

78.3 71.7 5.6 1.0

231.6 0.1 224.2 4.3 3.1

9.1 1.8 1.1 0.0 6.1

70.5 0.1 69.9 0.0 0.5

12.1 1.9 6.8 1.0 2.3

104.6 98.1 2.0 4.4

1.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

46.6 0.2 38.2 8.2

15.3 13.2 2.0

43.3 35.4 7.9

14.1 12.1 1.2 0.8

1.9 0.1 0.8 1.0

0.1 0.1 -

3587.5

610.3

599.4

533.7

2435.3

111.3

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.10 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 2005 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1483.6 300.2 0.1 29.1 13.3 0.6 28.0 0.1 2.8 10.8 5.0 97.9 8.5 2.2 20.5 962.4 2.0

556.5 4.3 8.8 14.1 1.3 6.0 4.7 19.9 37.1 0.6 1.4 3.0 24.2 177.0 76.8 7.3 20.4 1.1 3.4 5.3 24.8 3.2 17.4 44.0 27.5 23.1

342.9 231.3 0.0 1.2 28.1 5.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.3 19.4 0.0 0.5 45.1 1.7

182.6 5.5 1.9 3.5 4.3 5.2 1.3 6.4 11.6 0.8 5.9 62.9 16.6 2.4 3.2 0.8 11.8 3.8 2.0 4.3 5.7 18.8 4.0

1256.8 56.8 1.9 3.0 13.2 3.3 5.9 2.9 10.3 47.4 0.2 2.3 16.4 92.3 52.7 14.9 8.3 2.4 50.9 5.4 27.9 0.4 5.2 52.5 762.9 17.5

11.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

352.2

41.1

114.1

87.6

151.5

5.4

2724.0 2158.9 404.5 94.2 26.9 39.5

163.7 26.2 10.8 38.6 0.1 0.2 55.5 32.4

179.7 71.7 2.0 82.3 2.8 21.0

431.2 382.5 42.0 0.2 5.9 0.6

1570.9 1166.4 10.0 326.0 4.0 41.4 23.1

84.6 77.5 5.5 1.5

252.2 0.0 245.0 3.6 3.6

11.1 1.8 1.9 0.1 7.4

72.0 0.1 71.4 0.5

12.4 1.8 7.6 0.8 2.2

117.7 109.2 2.3 6.1

4.9 4.9 0.0 0.0

66.9 0.5 59.1 7.3

17.4 13.7 0.0 3.7

60.8 53.6 7.2

14.8 12.9 1.0 0.9

2.9 0.1 1.0 1.8

0.1 0.1 -

4878.8

789.8

769.6

728.6

3099.8

106.4

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.11

World hard coal supply and end-use 2007 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1516.7 324.6 32.8 12.9 0.4 24.2 0.2 2.9 12.5 4.6 88.3 7.9 2.5 17.0 981.7 4.3

606.6 4.4 7.4 10.4 2.6 8.1 6.7 19.0 46.3 0.6 2.0 2.3 25.0 187.0 88.3 5.5 26.0 0.7 5.9 4.8 24.4 3.2 22.9 43.4 32.9 26.9

367.1 243.6 0.0 1.5 30.4 6.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 2.0 11.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 53.4 3.4

187.0 4.6 2.0 3.5 4.3 4.9 1.2 6.7 11.5 1.5 6.2 63.8 17.0 2.5 3.1 0.8 14.3 0.0 3.9 2.1 4.5 6.2 18.7 3.9

1277.3 59.6 2.0 2.2 8.7 4.3 7.5 5.5 9.3 52.6 0.3 1.8 17.0 94.3 60.9 14.7 8.7 1.2 53.0 4.4 27.2 0.4 5.9 53.0 763.5 19.2

12.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.0

370.7

47.9

127.7

91.2

167.2

5.8

3136.8 2466.4 454.4 140.4 23.9 51.8

217.9 51.0 12.3 49.8 0.1 0.2 59.3 45.3

219.6 53.1 1.6 124.7 3.7 36.4

531.2 484.0 40.7 0.1 5.7 0.6

1935.9 1459.4 10.6 385.0 3.4 43.8 33.7

79.3 71.7 5.8 1.8

254.3 0.0 247.7 3.2 3.4

11.3 1.7 1.8 0.0 7.7

67.5 0.1 67.0 0.5

12.2 1.7 7.5 0.7 2.3

122.2 114.0 2.1 6.1

7.1 7.1 0.0 0.0

78.0 0.2 69.9 7.9

18.8 14.9 3.9

72.0 64.6 7.4

15.8 13.8 0.9 1.1

3.4 0.1 1.2 2.1

0.1 0.1 -

5356.5

902.4

853.9

837.4

3505.9

104.9

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.12 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

World hard coal supply and end-use 2008 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1532.8 325.4 32.8 12.7 0.3 19.1 0.1 2.8 11.4 4.6 84.3 7.3 2.6 18.1 1007.2 4.1

603.3 4.1 7.4 11.0 2.3 7.6 5.7 21.3 45.4 0.7 1.9 2.6 25.1 184.4 99.6 4.6 21.2 0.6 10.3 3.8 21.0 2.9 19.5 43.9 30.9 25.7

390.0 252.2 0.0 1.2 31.5 6.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 2.6 8.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.6 73.7 3.4

186.1 4.6 2.0 2.9 4.3 5.0 1.2 6.6 11.3 1.4 5.9 59.9 18.8 2.9 3.1 0.7 13.5 0.0 3.6 2.1 5.9 6.2 20.7 3.6

1367.8 58.1 1.7 2.0 5.9 3.5 6.7 3.7 8.3 47.3 0.3 1.7 16.9 90.2 68.7 10.8 8.2 2.0 48.9 4.0 18.9 0.3 6.2 48.3 885.4 19.8

15.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.3 3.9 0.7 0.0

388.7

55.1

134.4

83.2

178.2

8.5

3426.5 2734.4 488.6 128.6 25.1 49.8

219.1 40.3 11.3 59.0 0.1 0.2 58.0 50.1

202.3 45.3 1.7 128.0 2.6 24.7

552.3 502.9 42.0 0.2 5.9 1.4

1999.1 1503.8 9.7 403.6 3.8 42.2 36.0

92.9 85.2 5.8 1.9

258.8 0.0 252.2 3.0 3.5

11.4 1.7 2.4 0.0 7.3

58.5 0.1 57.9 0.5

11.8 1.7 7.5 0.7 1.9

136.7 128.6 2.0 6.2

7.8 7.8 0.0 0.0

81.8 0.4 73.5 7.9

19.3 15.3 4.0

75.2 67.8 7.4

16.2 13.9 1.0 1.3

3.5 0.2 1.1 2.2

0.1 0.1 -

5688.4

908.2

860.2

849.6

3685.3

125.1

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.13

World hard coal supply and end-use 2009 (million tonnes)

Total OECD Australia(1) Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan(1) Korea Mexico Netherlands New Zealand(1) Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia China, People's Rep. Hong Kong, China India(1) Indonesia DPR of Korea Taipei, Chinese Other Asia Africa and Middle East Egypt South Africa Zimbabwe Other Africa / Middle East Latin America Brazil Colombia Other Latin America Total World

End-use sectors Steel Power and industry heat plants Households

Production

Imports

Exports

1435.8 334.6 28.0 11.0 0.1 13.8 0.1 2.5 10.5 4.3 78.1 7.0 2.9 17.9 921.8 3.3

538.6 3.1 4.8 8.4 1.9 6.7 5.9 15.4 38.5 0.3 1.3 2.1 18.9 164.1 103.0 6.0 19.9 0.7 10.8 5.1 17.0 1.9 20.4 38.2 20.4 23.8

371.2 261.7 0.9 28.5 6.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 2.1 8.4 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.6 53.4 2.4

153.5 3.6 1.8 2.0 3.0 3.5 1.1 4.7 9.2 1.0 3.7 56.3 16.2 2.4 2.5 0.8 9.6 0.0 2.4 1.6 5.4 5.1 14.4 3.2

1256.0 58.2 1.2 1.7 3.6 3.5 6.6 4.5 8.1 39.7 0.0 0.2 1.4 14.6 86.4 77.7 13.7 8.4 1.3 47.1 4.6 14.3 0.3 6.4 40.1 793.5 19.0

17.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.4 5.0 0.7 0.0

358.4

37.7

140.1

80.4

154.9

6.7

3656.9 2895.3 528.4 150.3 24.6 58.2

312.5 125.8 12.3 73.3 0.1 0.2 52.7 48.1

210.4 22.3 2.5 149.4 3.0 33.2

590.3 539.3 45.1 0.2 5.2 0.5

2102.7 1593.3 10.2 418.0 3.6 40.8 36.8

93.3 85.4 5.9 1.9

256.5 0.0 250.6 3.0 2.9

9.4 1.7 1.8 0.0 5.9

68.1 0.1 67.5 0.5

10.8 1.6 6.8 0.7 1.7

128.9 121.4 1.9 5.6

7.4 7.3 0.0 0.0

82.1 0.1 72.8 9.2

17.2 12.7 4.6

75.3 66.8 8.5

14.7 11.9 1.5 1.3

3.9 0.1 1.8 2.1

0.1 0.1 -

5789.7

915.4

865.0

849.7

3646.4

124.5

(1) Fiscal year. See notes and definitions in Part I. (2) Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Note: Steel industry consumption includes consumption in coke ovens. Power and heat stations column includes hard coal Note: used in electricity and CHP production by public utilities and autoproducers, and in district heating. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries , Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.14 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

BRAZIL Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

3.6 5.3 -0.4

5.1 8.6 0.7

2.8 11.3 -0.2

2.9 14.0 0.0

3.7 14.8 0.1

3.5 15.2 -0.0 -0.1

3.8 16.9 -0.0 -1.0

3.2 13.0 -0.5

-2.5 7.9 x

0.8 0.7 x

Primary supply

8.5

14.4

13.8

16.9

18.6

18.6

19.6

15.7

5.0

0.7

Statistical difference

0.2

0.2

0.1

-0.1

0.1

-0.1

-0.3

-0.1

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-3.7

-5.7

-6.3

-7.8

-9.3

-9.3

-10.0

-7.9

5.5

1.2

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.3 -1.0 -0.3

-2.0 -1.5 -0.5

-2.1 -1.4 -0.7

-2.5 -1.9 -0.6

-4.6 -3.3 -1.3

-4.1 -2.7 -1.5

-4.7 -2.5 -2.1

-3.7 -2.2 -1.6

5.3 3.6 10.3

3.0 2.2 4.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.2

-

-

-

-

1.6

-

-2.8 -2.2 -0.6 -

-4.2 -3.4 -0.8 -

-4.5 -3.4 -1.1 -

-5.5 -4.6 -1.0 -

-4.7 -4.2 -0.6 -

-5.2 -4.9 -0.3 -

-5.3 -5.0 -0.3 -

-4.1 -4.0 -0.2 -

5.1 4.5 7.3 -

-0.5 0.8 -10.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.4

-0.8

-0.8

-0.9

-0.8

-0.8

-0.4

-0.6

6.1

-1.5

Losses

-1.0

-1.5

-0.9

-1.0

-0.5

-0.5

-0.4

-0.2

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

3.6

6.5

5.9

7.1

8.1

7.8

8.5

6.9

5.0

0.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.2 2.5 0.0 0.4 0.1

5.9 3.7 0.2 1.4 0.2

5.5 3.8 0.1 0.9 0.2

6.9 5.4 0.2 0.6 0.1

7.9 6.5 0.1 0.3 0.1

7.6 5.9 0.1 0.2 0.1

8.3 6.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

6.7 5.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

5.5 4.3 45.2 7.2 8.2

1.0 1.8 -1.6 -8.7 -3.1

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-12.3

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.2 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.1 0.2

0.3 0.1 0.2

0.1 0.0 0.1

-

-

-

-

2.3 5.3 1.2

-

Non-energy use

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

-0.9

1.4

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.15

BRAZIL Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

3547

8049

10146

11790

14833

13699

15314

12670

17307

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3503 164 600 15 2724 -

7958 958 899 861 5240 -

9801 1291 1108 1249 5219 -

11438 3448 625 790 5498 -

10695 5247 1382 4066 -

9396 3501 1944 3523 128

10440 3568 867 5017 90

9146 3483 728 4935 -

12716 3986 1284 7303 -

-

-

254 670 10

85 932 39 21

-

300 -

612 153 18 1 114

-

3 61 30 49 -

44 11 -

91 13 78 -

345 158 98 5 5 79 -

352 140 37 13 -

4138 18 2 -

4303 32 660 644

4874 28 816 316 113

3524 758 212 999 -

4591 682 134 68 39

33 -

-

-

62 100 -

585 149 468 1919 997 -

366 426 211 249 514 226 450 429 96

81 1166 68 663 465 30 1057 66 5

855 130 191 365 14

6 1601 895 387 166 608 5

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.16 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

BULGARIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

7.4 6.1 -0.1

7.5 7.4 -

7.7 5.5 -0.1 0.1

7.6 3.5 -0.0 -0.2

6.2 3.5 -0.2 -0.2

6.0 3.7 -0.0 0.3

6.9 4.6 -0.0 -0.8

6.6 2.5 -0.0 0.1

0.4 -1.0 x

-0.8 -4.1 -11.0 x

Primary supply

13.4

15.0

13.2

10.9

9.2

9.9

10.7

9.2

-0.2

-1.9

Statistical difference

-0.0

0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

0.2

0.0

x

x

Total transformation

-8.3

-8.5

-10.6

-9.0

-7.7

-8.5

-9.8

-8.7

2.5

-1.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-7.7 -7.4 -0.2

-7.8 -7.6 -0.3

-10.2 -9.4 -0.7

-8.1 -7.3 -0.8

-7.1 -6.8 -0.2

-8.1 -7.9 -0.2

-9.7 -9.6 -0.0

-8.6 -8.6 -0.0

2.9 2.5 11.6

-0.9 -0.5 -22.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.6 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -

-0.5 -0.0 -0.0 -0.4 -

-0.8 -0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -

-0.7 -0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -

-0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -

-0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-3.1 -21.1 7.1 -

-17.3 -2.9 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.2

-0.1

-0.0

-

-22.3

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

5.1

6.5

2.3

1.6

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.5

-7.6

-7.7

3.6 0.5 -

5.2 0.7 -

1.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 -

0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 -

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 -

0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 -

0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 -

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 -

-10.2 3.6 -

-7.3 -15.3 -3.9 0.8 -

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.5 1.2

1.3 1.1

1.1 0.0 1.0

0.7 0.0 0.7

0.3 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.3

0.2 0.0 0.2

-3.1 -2.2

-8.2 -5.9 -8.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.17

BULGARIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

6201

8054

5790

3453

1184

1744

5412

3080

2939

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1921 -

1553 29 -

1100 44 -

1734 177 542 5

536 140 298 -

10 1 8 -

419 318 28

14 -

-

1921 -

1524 -

156 900 -

100 110 800 -

98 -

1 -

56 13 4

9 3 2

-

4280 -

6501 -

4690 -

1719 5 4

648 -

1734 66 100 38 -

4993 32

3066 1 12

2939 44

4280 -

6501 -

4690 -

60 1010 640 -

285 363 -

858 623 49

46 1355 3007 514 39

1180 1829 44

251 2599 45

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.18 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

443.9 1.5 -6.0 7.1

584.4 1.7 -7.4 -18.9

748.4 1.5 -17.3 22.3

965.4 1.2 -35.0 -2.7

927.5 2.1 -65.1 29.1

1636.2 21.3 -79.0 -24.8

2075.6 31.6 -54.3 -43.8

2196.9 99.0 -21.8 -106.2

5.4 -0.0 11.1 x

5.8 24.8 1.2 x

Primary supply

446.5

559.8

754.9

928.8

893.6

1553.7

2009.1

2168.0

5.4

5.7

Statistical difference

-15.6

-16.2

-37.1

41.2

8.6

7.6

31.6

-18.4

x

x

Total transformation

-114.9

-145.9

-245.7

-410.4

-485.8

-957.0

-1244.7

-1321.7

7.9

9.3

-88.7 -88.2 -0.5

-122.4 -121.8 -0.6

-209.8 -208.6 -1.2

-350.4 -347.9 -2.5

-450.1 -445.7 -4.4

-855.3 -845.7 -9.5

-1101.0 -1090.2 -10.8

-1166.0 -1155.0 -11.0

9.0 9.0 9.5

9.4 9.4 12.3

-0.5

0.3

-1.6

-0.6

-0.7

-2.5

-4.1

-4.8

12.0

6.0

-25.7 -17.0 -8.7 -

-23.8 -17.6 -6.2 -

-34.3 -26.6 -7.7 -

-59.4 -49.6 -9.8 -0.1

-35.1 -32.6 -2.4 -0.1

-99.2 -81.6 -14.5 -3.1

-139.5 -110.0 -27.1 -2.5

-150.9 -117.8 -30.3 -2.8

2.9 4.6 -1.2 -

8.1 8.1 7.5 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-4.5

-8.3

-21.4

-39.8

-45.0

-66.8

-85.3

-89.0

16.8

7.8

-

-

-

-

-0.1

-

-

-

x

x

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

311.5

389.4

450.7

519.7

371.3

537.5

710.7

738.8

3.8

2.6

194.9 53.8 42.1 32.5 5.5

224.0 36.1 31.1 59.4 8.5

253.8 43.4 31.8 70.4 10.0

352.3 74.2 61.4 95.8 14.0

261.2 73.1 41.0 74.5 8.9

400.5 146.9 40.3 121.3 12.2

553.9 201.9 63.8 167.9 17.0

577.7 220.8 60.3 174.1 17.0

2.7 -2.1 -2.8 8.0 6.2

4.4 8.9 3.4 4.9 2.8

13.6

15.8

14.1

9.1

7.8

5.8

4.7

4.5

0.4

-5.8

103.1 3.2 81.0

137.8 4.9 107.0

155.4 8.6 117.2

138.7 8.0 101.6

89.8 7.3 63.1

99.7 7.6 69.2

108.9 13.4 71.0

111.2 14.7 70.3

4.2 10.3 3.8

-1.7 2.8 -2.7

-

11.7

27.4

19.7

12.4

31.6

43.3

45.4

-

2.7

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.19

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes)

Hard coal Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

2440

2307

2003

1635

2119

26173

40338

125840

176258

-

200 200 -

900 600 300 -

354 248 106

547 547 -

7195 4422 1239 179

6855 958 373 6 124

34417 22650 3260 512 244

49452 22126 4302 3632 196

-

-

-

-

-

61 1294

2778 142 2474

1814 1911 4026

33 1091 2565 56 15451

2440 -

2107 -

1103 -

1281 1064 -

1572 1034 -

18978 2307 12 796

33483 2644 260 133 -

91423 16664 965 1 338 75

126806 14902 1374 811 63

2440

2107

1103

171 46 -

141 325 72 -

2260 791 11469 1343

12075 567 21 14698 3085

31183 848 11073 1 24715 5560

3774 66221 7527 7615 4 18047 6468

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.20 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

300

2500

4000

4555

6470

5260

3459

1463

1241

300 300 -

1211 1211 -

1302 1301 1 -

3312 63 63 2201 985 -

5989 3631 2358 -

4984 3279 1627 78 -

2613 7 1618 768 142 78 -

1388 184 969 235 -

1025 383 642 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

1289 400 889 -

2698 100 400 2198 -

1243 57 48 125 2 1011 -

481 21 360 100 -

276 266 10 -

846 494 160 192 -

75 75 -

216 216 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.21

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

2820

5270

13280

24062

48578

66413

41828

21331

18814

534 21 513 -

2663 112 29 46 9 2427 1 34 5

6879 292 57 100 1776 8 310 3258 838 152 4 8 69 7

17495 406 956 57 455 7717 7362 449 80 13

33172 109 114 452 228 383 12585 18760 2 146 36 199 43 107 8 -

37207 297 70 8 79 15947 18481 8 148 24 184 1736 163 60 2

26583 57 41 10011 15181 1215 78

15445 2 5906 9250 1 11 2 62 205 3 3

12842 114 6060 6464 6 189 9 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

2286 2286 -

2607 700 1907 -

6401 1708 4693 -

6567 29 3988 1469 264 103 714 13

15406 585 9076 1963 1562 36 2182 2 -

29162 293 20992 993 3492 138 3 3186 65 2

15245 41 12439 546 809 147 1263 -

5886 4 4872 122 12 876 3

5972 4198 395 2 1377 -

-

-

-

-

-

44

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.22 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

CHINESE TAIPEI Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2.3 4.5 -0.0 -1.2

1.6 9.5 -0.0 -0.8

0.4 17.5 -0.0 -1.6

0.2 27.2 -2.6

0.1 41.4 -0.0 1.2

55.2 -0.0 -0.6

58.4 -0.1 -1.0

53.2 -0.0 1.4

-15.6 14.7 13.6 x

6.0 2.1 x

Primary supply

5.6

10.3

16.3

24.8

42.7

54.5

57.3

54.5

11.3

6.6

Statistical difference

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.9

-1.7

-0.4

-1.1

-0.2

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

Total transformation

-2.4

-6.1

-10.2

-17.5

-32.9

-44.8

-46.1

-44.7

15.6

8.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-2.2 -2.2 -

-5.2 -4.8 -0.4

-8.4 -7.3 -1.2

-15.5 -12.6 -2.9

-29.9 -22.7 -7.2

-41.6 -31.5 -10.1

-42.9 -33.1 -9.9

-41.7 -32.0 -9.7

14.3 12.6 -

8.8 8.1 11.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.2 -0.2 -

-1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -

-1.8 -1.6 -0.2 -

-2.0 -1.9 -0.1 -

-3.1 -2.8 -0.2 -

-3.2 -3.1 -0.1 -

-3.2 -2.9 -0.3 -

-3.0 -2.8 -0.2 -

25.8 2.4 -

2.8 3.2 -0.3 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.3

-0.7

-0.8

-1.1

-1.1

-1.1

-1.0

37.5

1.5

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

3.1

3.6

5.1

5.6

6.9

8.1

9.0

8.6

5.0

2.8

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

3.0 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.1

3.5 0.7 0.4 2.2 0.1

4.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.3

5.3 1.1 1.4 2.4 0.4

6.7 1.8 2.6 2.0 0.3

7.8 1.8 3.2 2.3 0.4

8.8 1.9 4.4 2.1 0.3

8.5 1.7 4.4 1.8 0.4

5.0 -1.8 16.1 7.4 11.3

2.9 2.8 8.3 -1.7 1.3

Transport(6)

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

0.1 0.0

0.1 0.0 -

0.0 -

-

0.0 -

-

-

-

-23.3 -

-

Non-energy use

0.0

-

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

28.4

-1.4

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.23

CHINESE TAIPEI Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

1386

10092

18468

28681

45503

60370

58019

52708

63238

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

1386 918 263 205 -

2562 1837 475 250 -

4237 2749 1050 438 -

4580 3451 693 336 -

6093 3524 1232 -

5211 4778 136 47 -

4757 4006 692 57 -

3352 2806 379 77 -

8088 7390 429 227 -

-

-

-

100 -

1337 -

3 112 17 118

2 -

90 -

42 -

-

7530 3400 2800 -

14231 3800 3677 -

24101 6321 2442 -

39410 12474 514 1290

55159 15342 261 21

53262 20635 551 39

49356 23142 545 3

55150 21441 402 9

-

100 1230 -

529 625 5600 -

3893 6203 5073 106 63 -

8371 13740 2873 78 70

18942 18430 329 1226 133 475

11037 19751 1136 34 79

4616 16701 2279 1939 39 92

4181 2099 22648 2748 1530 50 42

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.24 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

COLOMBIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

3.9 -0.1 0.1

8.1 -3.0 -0.9

19.8 -12.6 -2.8

23.8 -17.1 -1.6

35.5 -33.0 1.3

54.8 0.0 -49.8 -1.2

68.3 -62.9 -1.3

67.6 -62.5 -0.6

17.8 57.9 x

6.7 8.8 x

3.8

4.3

4.4

5.1

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.5

1.5

0.1

-0.3

-0.2

0.3

0.1

0.8

0.1

0.0

0.3

x

x

Total transformation

-1.5

-2.0

-2.3

-2.4

-1.2

-1.4

-1.6

-2.2

4.6

-0.3

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-0.7 -0.4 -0.3

-1.1 -0.8 -0.3

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5

-1.7 -1.2 -0.5

-0.8 -0.7 -0.1

-1.0 -0.8 -0.2

-1.1 -0.9 -0.2

-1.7 -1.5 -0.2

8.2 9.5 6.2

0.6 2.3 -5.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.8 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -

-0.8 -0.6 -0.2 -

-0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.4 -0.3 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -

-0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -

0.5 1.1 -0.8 -

-2.3 -3.2 -0.6 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

0.7

-0.9

Losses

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

-0.1

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

1.9

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.2

2.5

2.3

2.4

1.7

0.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.7 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.2

1.8 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.3

2.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.3

2.5 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

3.1 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.5

2.4 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

2.3 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.4

2.3 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.4

2.2 -1.3 -1.9 2.9 2.8

0.4 7.7 2.0 -1.8 1.6

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-

0.0

-11.8

-3.6

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

-2.6 -2.6

-2.2 -2.2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.25

COLOMBIA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

100

93

128

1062

159

202

-

82

1232

-

50 1 49 -

82 76 6 -

657 420 30 1 158 10 38 -

8 8 -

202 9 61 132 -

-

82 24 58 -

410 42 2 189 40 86 51 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

100 100 -

43 43 -

46 46 -

405 405 -

151 151 -

-

-

-

822 33 789 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.26 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

COLOMBIA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

50

3073

13377

17212

33565

53609

67760

67222

67259

-

1587 51 332 347 2 19 180 150 134 183 89 100

12623 170 2077 334 2033 351 290 35 1634 390 404 108 2136 1305 1356

15392 269 213 1116 203 1228 995 148 27 2450 155 727 665 2648 2483 2065

32284 153 1590 819 2832 899 1694 6822 2544 908 83 4950 6412 2578

50231 499 2086 1225 2181 2873 2442 5581 2467 1946 2525 2576 17260 6570

59638 140 2644 1708 59 1870 4299 2499 29 796 5228 248 1633 2350 1965 4834 22296 7040

63050 162 1797 1902 69 2150 6354 19 1746 29 303 14752 17 141 1859 2430 2387 4310 14923 7700

53818 165 2096 1358 411 1934 180 152 1771 487 1115 854 10419 317 194 1101 2616 2738 5417 12973 7520

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

50 50 -

310 100 210 100

702 600 29 73 548

1820 69 344 51 1556 886

1159 149 69 146 1321 773

3051 279 7 121 3303 4620

8122 1117 1963 96 1380 445 6291 3141

4172 723 1004 41 191 6185 2456

13162 1144 3928 2099 289 72 3525 277 5567 3194

-

1176

52

-

122

327

-

-

279

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.27

HONG KONG (CHINA) Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 -

4.9 -

7.9 -

8.0 -

5.3 -

9.5 -

10.0 -

10.9 -

98.2 x

1.7 x

Primary supply

0.0

4.9

7.9

8.0

5.3

9.5

10.0

10.9

98.2

1.7

Statistical difference

-

-0.3

0.8

0.5

0.7

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

0.1

-4.3

-8.2

-7.9

-5.3

-7.9

-7.7

-8.1

-

-0.1

-

-4.5 -4.5 -

-8.7 -8.7 -

-8.6 -8.6 -

-6.1 -6.1 -

-8.8 -8.8 -

-8.5 -8.5 -

-9.0 -9.0 -

-

0.2 0.2 -

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

15.6

3.2

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-8.9 -8.9 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.8

1.6

2.3

2.7

15.1

9.8

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.0 -

0.8 -

1.5 -

1.9 -

4.5 -12.4 -

27.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.2 0.1 0.1

0.4 0.2 0.2

0.6 0.3 0.4

0.8 0.3 0.4

0.8 0.3 0.5

0.8 0.3 0.5

0.8 0.3 0.5

15.9 16.0 15.8

3.2 2.5 3.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.28 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

HONG KONG (CHINA) Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

8

5523

8928

9109

6058

10823

11345

12369

10324

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

43 -

-

-

-

-

8 -

5523 1986 584 -

8928 3003 108 -

9109 2568 -

6015 276 -

10823 -

11345 123 -

12369 1300 -

10324 441 -

8 -

709 2244 -

1708 234 659 3216 -

1233 344 2192 2770 2 -

2265 2846 567 61 -

938 9825 60 -

399 10823 -

122 10487 339 67 54

395 9303 135 50

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.29

INDIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

76.6 0.5 -0.1 -6.4

105.2 2.0 -0.1 -2.6

149.6 6.0 -0.1 -7.8

186.9 12.5 -0.5 -4.6

208.9 21.1 -1.0 1.6

267.5 37.2 -1.4 -6.9

321.6 54.7 -2.4 -5.3

348.8 67.7 -1.7 -7.1

6.9 27.4 -0.9 x

4.6 13.6 18.6 x

Primary supply

70.6

104.4

147.7

194.2

230.7

296.5

368.6

407.7

7.7

5.5

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.1

-1.4

-2.3

-3.8

x

x

Statistical difference Total transformation

-32.6

-54.5

-87.7

-139.2

-183.2

-232.2

-284.9

-296.6

10.4

6.6

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-26.3 -25.0 -1.3

-47.4 -44.6 -2.8

-79.4 -74.8 -4.6

-128.2 -121.2 -7.0

-171.8 -161.2 -10.6

-217.3 -202.0 -15.3

-271.4 -244.2 -27.2

-283.3 -248.0 -35.3

11.7 11.6 13.5

6.9 6.5 11.3

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

-6.3 -0.1 -5.1 -1.1 -

-7.2 -0.2 -5.1 -1.8 -

-8.3 -0.3 -5.2 -2.8 -

-11.0 -0.3 -5.7 -5.0 -

-11.4 -0.2 -8.3 -2.8 -

-14.9 -0.2 -8.3 -6.4 -

-13.4 -0.2 -8.0 -5.2 -

-13.2 -0.2 -8.0 -5.0 -

2.7 7.9 0.1 10.1 -

2.5 -0.6 2.3 3.0 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.9

-1.3

-2.4

-2.4

-1.7

-1.8

-1.4

-1.4

10.1

-2.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

39.3

50.9

59.7

54.8

47.8

61.0

80.0

106.0

4.3

3.1

21.1 8.5 1.9 5.1 1.4

31.5 9.2 2.7 6.2 1.8

41.0 12.5 3.9 9.5 2.0

38.6 15.5 4.7 9.9 2.3

36.0 13.7 3.5 12.7 1.8

49.3 20.6 2.4 12.7 1.8

66.1 20.0 2.4 13.0 1.5

70.6 23.9 2.5 9.9 2.1

6.9 3.9 7.4 6.3 3.6

2.9 3.5 -2.3 0.3 0.1

7.8

6.4

3.5

0.2

-

-

-

-

-7.8

-

10.4 4.4 3.2

13.0 5.0 3.6

15.2 5.3 4.3

16.1 5.6 4.2

11.9 4.1 4.0

11.7 4.2 3.8

13.8 4.8 4.0

35.3 5.1 4.1

3.9 1.7 3.0

4.5 -0.2 -0.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.30 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

INDIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

220

2030

5100

12510

16565

38586

59003

67744

90137

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

220 20 200 -

1936 1936 -

5000 4665 284 51

9370 8283 187

8372 7824 11 63

16892 13973 837 92

21080 18200 904 152

23464 20405 1 1515 816

28753 26293 1874 199

-

-

-

900

474 -

603 1365 22 -

198 1308 253 19 46

149 557 21 -

85 271 7 24

-

94 94 -

100 100 -

3140 1

8193 2748 -

21694 1438 86 -

37923 1707 81 -

44280 1523 26 -

61384 460 1 148 -

-

-

-

399 2740

1610 2256 1507 72 -

3152 13889 3044 33 52

573 26571 8647 344

12 25100 16542 99 97 150 731

2 235 41478 18735 222 57 46

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.31

INDONESIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

1.6 0.0 -0.8 -

8.4 0.6 -3.9 -

34.1 -26.1 1.0

64.9 0.1 -47.4 -

140.3 0.1 -107.3 -

203.6 0.1 -166.8 -

238.3 0.1 -194.8 -

42.2 32.6 45.1 x

19.3 -11.0 22.9 x

0.2

0.8

5.1

9.0

17.7

33.1

36.8

43.6

36.5

12.0

Statistical difference

-0.0

0.9

1.3

0.4

-0.5

-2.0

0.7

-3.5

x

x

Total transformation

-0.0

-0.1

-3.3

-4.9

-12.0

-19.2

-24.0

-25.2

71.3

11.2

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-3.3 -3.3 -

-4.9 -4.9 -

-12.0 -9.9 -2.1

-19.2 -12.7 -6.5

-24.0 -15.8 -8.2

-25.2 -16.2 -8.9

-

11.2 8.7 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

3.9 3.9 -

-8.5 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-0.1

-0.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Losses Final consumption

(4)

0.1

1.4

3.0

4.5

5.1

11.9

13.6

14.9

37.1

8.7

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

0.1 0.0 0.1 -

1.4 0.0 -

3.0 0.0 -

4.5 -

5.1 0.2 0.6

11.9 3.9 0.9

13.6 5.1 0.9

14.9 5.2 0.9

39.5 3.3 -

8.7 -

Transport(6)

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

0.0 -

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.32 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

INDONESIA* Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

46

258

650

958

1925

2073

1349

-

-

46 46 -

258 44 214 -

650 209 441 -

536 44 359 46 87

946 99 445 45 65 31 229 32

73 73 -

154 154 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

-

-

422 218 36 168 -

979 639 278 52 10 -

2000 1800 200 -

1195 1091 104 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. * Due to new information obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesian coking coal production in the 2011 edition has been reduced significantly resulting in changes to the export figures. The new information from the Ministry also indicates a much larger portion of brown coal in production and exports than was previously reported. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.33

INDONESIA* Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

32

978

3013

20156

35621

90293

123891

142114

160587

-

306 306 -

961 6 38 663 33 133 88

11743 18 285 65 172 31 5998 1795 855 881 86 748 809

27399 105 133 1637 13101 4825 2700 7 70 2793 627 1401

45829 6 306 109 80 2422 19511 12885 1076 119 3146 1772 1884 2513

86047 270 194 142 5966 36951 25330 132 1555 3588 2183 2264 7472

87421 64 387 13 1 30 7 5711 33117 33541 77 3333 4772 1391 2056 2921

90634 35 6574 34380 41475 2698 2516 44 159 1523 1230

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

32 32 -

672 672 -

2052 60 310 375 62 1245 70 -

8404 60 165 2723 2196 882 2246 132 719 -

8222 144 44 3631 868 1039 2474 928 -

35656 90 619 11747 6033 7157 95 9826 40 33 907 7

27571 3044 6898 3362 6311 65 69 7198 426 493 3870

54661 13578 9073 3970 14331 34 12798 478 952 301

69891 23124 8567 3514 17726 1075 14975 740 789 97

-

-

-

9

-

8808

10273

32

62

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. * Due to new information obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesian coking coal production in the 2011 edition has been reduced significantly resulting in changes to the export figures. The new information from the Ministry also indicates a much larger portion of brown coal in production and exports than was previously reported. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.34 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

KAZAKHSTAN Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

82.9 6.8 -32.6 -

53.1 1.5 -13.3 -

48.8 1.0 -21.8 0.3

54.7 1.4 -15.6 0.2

69.8 0.8 -20.9 -0.0

63.3 0.7 -18.9 0.0

x

-1.4 -11.4 -2.8 x

Primary supply

..

..

57.1

41.3

28.2

40.7

49.6

45.1

-

-1.2

Statistical difference

..

..

-

-

1.6

-0.0

0.0

0.1

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-34.5

-24.6

-23.3

-27.9

-34.9

-32.0

-

-0.4

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-34.4 -34.4 -

-23.9 -23.9 -

-20.9 -20.9 -

-25.8 -25.8 -

-31.3 -31.3 -

-30.0 -30.0 -

-

-0.7 -0.7 -

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.7 -0.7 -

-2.4 -2.5 0.0

-2.1 -2.1 0.0

-3.6 -3.6 -

-2.0 -2.0 -

-

16.2 16.2 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-0.0

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-

-

-

-

-3.6

-2.5

-

-

Losses

..

..

-

-

-0.1

-1.3

-0.7

-0.7

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Final consumption

(4)

..

..

22.5

16.7

6.4

11.4

10.4

9.9

-

-4.2

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22.5 1.2 -

16.7 2.3 -

5.4 2.2 -

10.6 2.3 -

8.1 2.1 -

7.8 2.2 -

-

-5.4 3.3 -

Transport(6)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-

-

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

1.6 1.6

1.5 1.5

-

-

Non-energy use

..

..

-

-

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.6

-

-

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.35

KAZAKHSTAN Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

-

-

3277

1209

668

31

264

267

234

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

-

96 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

92 4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3277 -

1113 30 -

668 -

31 -

264 -

267 -

234 -

-

-

3277 -

1037 46 -

2 480 186

31 -

264 -

267 -

234 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.36 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

KAZAKHSTAN Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

-

1999

291

2311

1

473

118

-

-

-

9 9 -

-

-

1 1 -

-

-

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

-

1990 14 1959 10 7 -

-

2311 2311 -

-

473 473 -

118 118 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

291

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.37

KAZAKHSTAN Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

53210

18769

25300

21308

42324

28822

32679

-

-

-

-

-

116 39 4 73 -

866 42 11 35 8 597 5 168

254 19 235 -

334 55 2 10 267 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

53210 53210 -

18769 18226 16 527 -

25300 24080 1220 -

21192 21192 -

41458 3 40354 1101 -

28568 28568 -

32345 32345 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.38 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

ROMANIA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

11.6 6.4 -

14.7 7.3 -

12.4 6.4 -0.3

11.3 4.4 -0.3 0.1

8.0 2.7 -0.0 -0.1

8.3 4.0 -0.0 0.1

9.9 3.4 -0.0 0.1

9.4 1.3 -0.0 -0.1

0.7 0.1 x

-1.4 -8.1 x

Primary supply

17.9

22.0

18.5

15.4

10.6

12.4

13.4

10.6

0.3

-2.9

Statistical difference

-0.3

-0.7

-0.1

-0.3

-0.1

-0.2

-0.1

0.1

x

x

Total transformation

-9.6

-13.6

-13.6

-12.7

-9.2

-10.1

-11.6

-9.5

3.6

-1.9

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-6.7 -6.7 -

-10.0 -7.5 -2.6

-11.3 -9.2 -2.0

-10.9 -10.7 -0.2

-8.0 -7.7 -0.3

-8.6 -8.0 -0.6

-10.4 -9.5 -0.9

-9.0 -8.4 -0.6

5.3 3.2 -

-1.2 -0.5 -6.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-2.9 -0.5 -2.6 -0.1 0.4

-3.6 -0.5 -3.0 -0.5 0.4

-2.4 -0.2 -1.9 -0.3 0.1

-1.8 -1.3 -0.5 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.4 -

-1.5 -1.3 -0.2 -

-1.2 -0.9 -0.3 -

-0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -

-1.9 -6.9 -3.0 9.2 -9.5

-7.5 -7.3 -7.1 -

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.2

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-

-

Losses

-

-

-0.2

-0.2

-0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.0

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

8.1

7.7

4.5

2.0

1.1

1.6

1.4

0.9

-5.7

-8.0

4.9 3.8 -

4.8 4.0 -

3.1 2.5 0.2 0.1 -

1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0

1.6 1.3 0.2 0.1 -

1.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 -

0.9 0.6 0.2 0.1 -

-4.4 -4.2 -

-6.5 -7.4 -0.8 1.3 -

-

-

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.2 0.5

2.9 0.6

1.3 0.9

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.0 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

-8.4 5.2

-17.7 -18.1

-

-

-

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.39

ROMANIA Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

4669

6048

4981

4681

2521

2717

2522

383

304

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

3600 675 673 -

4000 595 1051 -

3600 1200 12 100 1188 12

4675 513 57 2 147 98 1437 222

2370 62 678 -

1577 547 -

2412 145 70 1077 -

328 17 292 -

233 233 -

2252 -

2354 -

400 500 200 -

124 1741 97 294

1630 -

1030 -

75 1045 -

19 -

-

1069 -

2048 -

1381 33 16 11 -

6 2 -

151 -

1140 230 -

110 -

55 -

71 -

1069 -

2048 -

1321 -

3 1 -

69 31 51 -

832 78 -

10 99 1

2 53 -

71 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.40 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

274.9 50.1 -57.7 5.7

186.7 20.0 -26.8 4.6

183.6 22.0 -36.4 2.2

224.9 19.5 -79.7 -3.8

238.8 26.9 -91.9 -6.6

219.5 20.8 -98.1 -6.0

x

-1.2 -4.5 2.8 x

Primary supply

..

..

273.0

184.5

171.4

160.9

167.2

136.1

-

-3.6

Statistical difference

..

..

6.0

5.7

-4.0

-3.9

-12.9

4.8

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-181.8

-143.2

-138.0

-136.7

-127.5

-112.0

-

-2.5

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-149.9 -124.2 -25.7

-115.6 -88.1 -27.5

-114.1 -80.6 -33.5

-109.8 -74.6 -35.2

-107.7 -77.8 -29.9

-92.0 -65.4 -26.6

-

-2.5 -3.3 0.2

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-31.9 -1.5 -19.4 -10.9 -

-27.6 -0.6 -16.7 -10.3 -

-23.8 -0.0 -14.0 -9.8 -

-26.9 -0.0 -16.1 -10.8 -

-19.8 0.0 -17.5 -2.3 -

-19.9 -0.0 -8.9 -11.0 -

-

-2.4 -26.2 -4.0 0.0 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-0.8

-0.7

-0.8

-0.8

-3.1

-2.9

-

7.1

Losses

..

..

-18.3

-9.4

-1.6

-

-

-

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Final consumption

(4)

..

..

78.2

37.0

26.9

19.5

23.8

26.1

-

-5.6

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

20.8 15.1 0.6 0.5 -

19.8 15.3 0.5 0.9 -

11.6 7.9 0.1 0.8 -

10.4 8.3 0.0 1.0 0.0

14.5 11.1 0.8 1.6 -

19.3 16.6 0.8 1.2 0.0

-

-0.4 0.5 1.4 4.8 -

Transport(6)

..

..

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

57.4 29.4 17.0

17.2 1.2 11.7

14.2 0.6 12.8

8.1 3.8 4.0

8.9 4.5 4.3

6.5 3.6 2.7

-

-10.8 -10.4 -9.2

Non-energy use

..

..

0.0

0.0

1.1

1.0

0.4

0.2

-

11.3

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.41

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

31573

8693

6704

9981

13615

11235

16338

-

-

10503 608 1532 463 177 480 131 5482 1200 337 93 -

6133 161 111 67 431 84 857 3505 571 156 158 32 -

1504 91 132 462 736 72 11 -

4189 31 94 157 219 234 2454 626 223 35 116

4745 5 33 525 21 212 25 166 179 2040 350 65 39 47 49 25 652 185 127

5424 26 36 533 67 138 36 116 181 1306 483 548 184 16 441 461 852

7534 315 7 59 143 793 31 47 414 2094 1258 494 98 19 107 512 1143

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

21070 156 500 19964 150 300 -

2560 822 876 81 781 -

5200 174 1337 1525 2164 -

5792 72 160 729 4606 16 7 48 1 153

8079 17 77 188 3 23 975 5632 682 482 -

5811 9 1055 147 36 4521 22 21 -

8804 77 23 2528 116 9 47 13 5579 93 319 42

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

791

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.42 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

24478

17570

29651

76020

83851

104968

92458

-

-

10225 234 1142 1905 777 157 324 609 2845 32 97 54 285 573 530 499 162

8358 156 871 242 122 593 215 83 201 1936 200 85 52 164 35 138 282 1249 192 1542

25684 788 1295 2449 282 928 320 1092 7041 2565 209 13 14 1340 271 5063 480 1534

56879 9 2739 453 117 827 4790 367 7333 125 132 799 8119 2446 1400 2042 3657 453 6509 12412 52 2098

73310 121 1579 638 77 2010 3790 1613 8745 110 180 1241 9146 6057 1086 40 4505 49 2275 836 7505 19233 2474

72744 232 1700 237 54 1584 5807 1932 1772 45 369 1172 8644 5555 6447 63 6549 44 1859 359 8054 15587 4679

70619 52 2770 116 372 1113 3448 1573 5780 357 351 958 8034 7199 7586 149 8309 39 604 753 10443 8957 1656

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

14253 6722 7531 -

8976 1010 81 114 46 697 5204 261 232 1331 -

3967 364 72 61 36 5 2175 1254 -

18845 538 1765 1002 1286 49 56 806 2235 30 8828 2204 46

10541 756 2487 503 842 1040 2671 18 1461 763 973

31729 292 1581 11631 1017 67 63 611 561 8010 143 37 1754 5853 401

21779 328 674 8188 1313 9 272 1253 411 7725 53 85 40 1134 1126

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

236

-

296

-

495

60

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.43

SOUTH AFRICA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

95.4 -27.2 -

142.5 -46.0 -

143.1 -48.0 -

168.6 0.4 -57.6 0.3

181.3 1.2 -67.0 1.6

197.7 2.0 -68.3 -

203.6 2.5 -55.4 -

202.4 1.9 -64.6 0.8

4.1 5.8 x

1.8 1.6 x

68.1

96.5

95.1

111.6

117.1

131.3

150.7

140.5

3.4

2.1

5.8

-3.7

6.7

-3.5

-0.3

-1.5

-3.0

-0.4

x

x

Total transformation

-47.0

-69.5

-78.2

-85.8

-94.1

-105.6

-121.2

-115.1

5.2

2.1

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-37.2 -32.1 -5.1

-44.9 -40.8 -4.1

-51.7 -48.6 -3.2

-60.2 -56.6 -3.5

-68.3 -64.4 -4.0

-75.8 -72.1 -3.7

-89.1 -85.4 -3.7

-84.1 -80.7 -3.4

3.4 4.2 -4.8

2.6 2.7 0.3

-2.8

-3.1

-3.2

-3.7

-3.3

-3.2

-3.4

-3.1

1.4

-0.1

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

-3.9 -2.6 -1.3 -

-3.3 -1.9 -1.4 -

-3.2 -1.6 -1.6 -

-2.1 -1.1 -1.0 -

-1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -

-1.7 -0.7 -0.9 -

-2.2 -0.7 -1.4 -

-1.9 -0.6 -1.3 -

-2.0 -4.9 2.0 -

-2.6 -4.6 -1.2 -

Other transformation(3)

-3.1

-18.2

-20.1

-19.9

-21.2

-24.9

-26.5

-26.0

20.6

1.4

Energy ind. own use

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

-

-0.0

-

-

-

-3.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

26.9

23.3

23.5

22.4

22.7

24.2

26.6

25.0

-1.4

0.3

20.7 10.0 0.1 2.2 -

16.6 9.7 0.1 2.1 -

16.0 9.2 0.1 2.0 -

11.5 5.9 1.5 1.7 0.0

12.9 5.7 1.5 1.3 0.1

15.4 6.4 1.4 2.0 0.1

13.7 5.8 1.5 0.9 0.1

12.8 5.3 1.4 0.8 0.1

-2.5 -0.9 0.3 -1.2 -

-1.2 -2.9 16.8 -4.7 -

1.8

0.9

0.1

0.0

-

-

-

-

-28.0

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

3.3 1.1 2.1

3.1 1.3 1.7

3.5 1.3 2.1

4.1 1.4 2.4

2.2 0.7 1.4

6.8 2.3 4.5

11.2 3.6 7.2

10.6 3.4 6.8

0.5 1.8 -0.1

6.0 5.2 6.3

Non-energy use

1.2

2.7

4.0

6.8

7.5

2.0

1.7

1.6

13.1

-4.7

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Losses Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.44 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

SOUTH AFRICA Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

2700

5142

4033

6305

-

526

557

599

148

2700 2700 -

5142 34 4586 300 21 200 1 -

3633 157 3375 100 1 -

5181 176 570 30 280 3375 750 -

-

379 24 48 110 129 19 38 11

209 85 49 75 -

519 419 100 -

148 148 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

400 400 -

1124 1124 -

-

146 110 18 11 4 3

348 348 -

80 80 -

-

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.45

SOUTH AFRICA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

12689

42488

45867

53371

67001

70917

59440

66322

69418

12689 606 868 6643 1108 960 157 1861 309 3 114 26 34

36178 2078 3496 6444 3196 207 6641 4091 3700 812 104 2274 19 724 2392

36477 6 4365 863 4512 1017 4884 1427 5733 1304 2112 4667 1252 356 3979

43135 3641 3666 325 1395 3670 630 3653 3039 3850 3503 30 2683 7016 135 315 735 140 4709

54371 2504 46 1721 5872 3979 269 4173 1661 2385 41 7564 265 2112 8403 2547 4503 50 6276

60360 1757 2070 5340 8812 75 4939 155 139 6527 1926 8642 1324 12144 135 6375

46359 1371 1493 182 3883 5747 40 4751 49 922 816 8915 165 1329 5462 1333 3476 6425

33855 167 1088 2089 3812 69 4225 411 569 651 5660 158 1119 5024 1232 995 6586

23193 527 783 1323 1149 70 3236 300 1956 1368 2882 5 321 2945 2080 744 3504

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

5400 1000 2200 2200 2200

9085 5685 3217 183 900 2583

10236 60 810 5138 2763 490 100 145 40 185 505 3900

12283 1919 107 522 2488 486 3636 1978 356 201 639 5559

10050 673 522 3587 2993 61 970 244 367 397 5565

13081 613 7637 1111 1497 1413 119 1106 4371

32417 351 781 2458 273 20585 306 145 256 3348 2454 71 319 4987

46225 1122 6409 2566 162 23926 810 167 3139 4727 1203 4820

Non-Specified/Other

-

910

305

-

347

507

-

50

-

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.46 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

UKRAINE Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

124.0 15.2 -21.7 0.8

61.1 13.7 -1.8 -

51.9 5.8 -2.6 -

49.6 6.5 -2.7 0.0

48.1 12.2 -4.4 2.3

44.7 7.1 -5.1 4.1

x

-5.2 -3.9 -7.3 x

Primary supply

-

-

118.3

73.0

55.1

53.3

58.3

50.8

-

-4.3

Statistical difference

..

..

-3.9

-0.9

-0.3

0.4

-0.1

0.2

x

x

Total transformation

..

..

-72.5

-50.4

-37.8

-33.6

-38.8

-35.2

-

-3.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

-50.7 -48.9 -1.8

-33.1 -31.7 -1.4

-20.8 -19.8 -1.1

-20.4 -17.9 -2.4

-27.7 -25.5 -2.2

-24.8 -22.4 -2.3

-

-3.7 -4.0 1.5

..

..

-

-

-

0.1

0.1

0.1

-

-

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-21.8 2.9 -12.6 -12.4 0.4

-17.3 0.7 -6.4 -11.3 -0.3

-17.0 0.3 -6.4 -10.7 -0.1

-13.2 0.0 -6.1 -7.1 -0.1

-11.2 0.1 -6.9 -4.2 -0.1

-10.5 0.1 -6.6 -3.9 -0.1

-

-3.8 -18.4 -3.4 -6.0 -

Other transformation(3)

..

..

-

-

-

-0.1

-0.0

-0.0

-

-

Energy ind. own use

..

..

-5.3

-3.5

-2.7

-3.0

-2.7

-2.4

-

-4.0

Losses

..

..

-

-

-

-0.0

-0.0

-0.0

x

x

-

-

36.6

18.2

14.2

17.1

16.7

13.4

-

-5.1

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

25.7 15.6 0.3 0.0 -

11.3 8.4 0.0 -

10.4 8.1 0.0 -

11.9 10.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

12.6 10.5 0.0 0.5 0.0

9.7 8.3 0.0 0.5 0.0

-

-5.0 -3.3 -12.6 14.9 -

-

-

0.1

-

-

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

-5.2

.. ..

.. ..

10.8 7.9

6.9 6.4

3.8 3.7

3.2 1.8

2.4 0.3 2.0

2.2 0.2 1.9

-

-8.0 -7.1

-

-

-

-

-

1.8

1.6

1.5

-

-

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

Final consumption

(4)

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.47

UKRAINE Hard coal imports by origin* (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Hard coal

-

-

26686

15296

6606

7303

13010

7873

15560

Coking Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD

-

-

19964 -

5859 4369 -

2759 595 -

6902 31 167 -

7378 74 32 860 -

3199 11 285 3

7777 2151 -

-

-

19964 -

1490 -

2164 -

6704 -

6412 -

2900 -

5579 47

-

-

6722 -

9437 4722 -

3847 452 -

401 -

5632 -

4674 52 -

7783 58 -

-

-

6722 -

4259 456 -

2175 1220 -

11 390 -

5632 -

124 4498 -

7725 -

China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other Steam Coal Australia Canada Czech Republic Germany Poland United Kingdom United States Other OECD China, People's Rep. Colombia Indonesia South Africa Former Soviet Union(2) Russian Federation (3) Other FSU (3) Venezuela Vietnam Non-specified/other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) For years prior to 1990, or if no details for individual Former Soviet Union republics. (3) Data for former Republics are not available separately for some countries. * In these tables coal used for PCI and for blending has been classified by the IEA as steam coal. Accordingly, trade data * reported in these tables may differ from those reported in Part III where this coal is shown as coking coal to be consistent with * data reported by importing countries and with industry terminology and practice. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.48 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

UKRAINE Coking coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

8114

400

200

509

40

158

162

-

-

-

-

-

229 229

30 17 13

158 21 9 52 76

113 100 13 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

8114 8114 -

400 200 200 -

200 200 -

280 280 -

10 10 -

-

49 49 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.49

UKRAINE Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

-

-

16577

2000

2297

3157

5710

5133

5909

-

-

-

550 29 1 1 21 6 22 33 154 283

845 63 83 52 647 -

552 13 11 154 7 5 2 13 52 82 8 5 10 5 40 79 66

1908 52 308 29 6 9 38 70 13 394 30 535 349 3 59 13

1818 40 135 51 5 4 43 5 288 445 26 268 439 28 41

2951 1 598 181 36 12 30 2 230 399 4 313 3 1083 38 21

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

-

-

16577 16577 -

1450 154 128 235 27 906 -

1452 1452 -

2605 16 2315 192 10 72 -

3802 31 3582 163 23 3 -

3315 178 2934 42 114 47 -

2958 166 2592 185 15 -

Non-Specified/Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.50 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

VENEZUELA Coal balance* (Mtce)

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

Production Imports Exports Stock changes

0.0 0.2 -

0.0 0.2 0.0

2.3 0.3 -1.9 -

4.2 -4.4 0.2

8.2 -8.3 0.2

7.5 -7.4 -0.0

8.0 -7.7 -0.2

9.2 -8.8 -0.3

48.5 4.9 x

7.6 8.4 x

Primary supply

0.2

0.3

0.7

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

11.4

-10.9

Statistical difference

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-

-

-

-

-

6.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.1 -0.1 -

-0.2 -0.1 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

-

6.1 5.4 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1) Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

13.9

-9.6

0.1 0.1 0.0 -

0.2 0.1 0.0 -

0.5 0.2 0.3 -

0.0 0.0 -

0.2 0.2 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

0.1 0.1 -

13.9 5.4 23.0 -

-9.6 -7.8 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Comm. and pub. services Residential

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Non-energy use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry(5) Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print Transport(6) (7)

Other

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.51

VENEZUELA Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes) 1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2)

33

-

1834

3252

7722

7141

6445

8477

6182

-

-

1746 1 33 148 560 140 19 5 53 375 169 238 5

3152 17 29 550 193 302 79 306 198 1478 -

7227 589 441 476 1067 112 766 378 180 35 218 2726 239

6374 135 583 441 391 452 88 49 48 4139 48

5322 104 26 458 81 429 51 1733 213 11 38 8 2170 -

2886 151 33 301 105 247 470 112 118 48 55 1246 -

2413 3 52 93 227 86 210 408 55 112 299 43 825 -

Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East

33 33 -

-

88 88 -

100 100 -

495 79 584 71

709 460 249 -

1123 837 26 260 -

686 629 57 -

1476 972 504 -

-

-

-

-

-

58

-

4905

2293

Non-Specified/Other

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

V.52 - COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V

VIETNAM Coal balance* (Mtce)

Production Imports Exports Stock changes Primary supply Statistical difference

Average annual percent change 80-90 90-09

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

4.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.4

4.5 0.0 -0.5 -

3.7 0.0 -0.6 0.1

6.7 0.0 -2.3 0.3

9.3 -2.6 -0.4

25.9 0.1 -14.4 -

31.4 0.7 -15.5 0.2

35.0 0.7 -20.0 2.4

-1.1 2.1 2.1 x

12.5 22.3 19.9 x

3.2

4.0

3.2

4.7

6.2

11.6

16.8

18.0

-0.2

9.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Total transformation

-1.1

-1.4

-1.3

-1.0

-1.6

-3.0

-5.3

-5.3

1.6

7.7

Electricity and heat gen. Main activity producers (1)

-1.1 -1.1 -

-1.4 -1.4 -

-1.3 -1.3 -

-1.0 -1.0 -

-1.6 -1.6 -

-3.0 -2.7 -0.4

-5.3 -5.2 -0.1

-5.3 -5.1 -0.2

1.6 1.6 -

7.8 7.6 -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-0.0 -0.0 -

-

-

-

-

7.1 7.1 -

-

Other transformation(3)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Energy ind. own use

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

x

x

Autoproducers Gas works Coal transformation

(2)

BKB plants Blast furnaces Coke ovens Patent fuel plants

Final consumption

(4)

2.2

2.6

1.9

3.7

4.6

8.6

11.5

12.7

-1.3

10.5

Iron and steel Chemical Non-metallic minerals Paper, pulp and print

1.3 0.0 -

2.1 0.0 -

1.5 0.0 -

2.8 0.0 -

3.3 -

6.8 -

9.4 -

10.7 -

0.9 5.9 -

11.0 -

Transport(6)

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

-

-

-

-

-13.9

-

0.7 0.5

0.4 0.4

0.4 0.0 0.3

0.9 0.2 0.6

1.3 0.4 0.8

1.7 0.5 1.2

2.1 0.5 1.5

2.1 0.5 1.6

-5.6 -4.8

8.9 16.6 9.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry(5)

(7)

Other

Comm. and pub. services Residential Non-energy use

(1) Main activity electricity and heat generation includes district heating. (2) Coal transformation refers to the transformation of coal to secondary and tertiary products (mainly coke, briquettes, coke oven (2) gas and blast furnace gas). (3) Other transformation includes liquefaction and non-specified transformation processes. (4) Final Consumption includes non-energy use and energy use (industry, transport and other). (5) Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I. (6) Transport includes rail and inland waterways. (7) Other includes commercial and public services, agriculture, and residential. * "Coal" refers to all types of coal, primary (anthracite, coking coal, other bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, BKB, coke oven coke, gas coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, gas works gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas), as well as peat, peat briquettes and oil shale. Quantities have been converted to Mtce using calorific values reported by the respective countries. Please refer to notes and definitions in Part I for further information. Source: IEA/OECD Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

COAL INFORMATION (2011 Edition) PART V - V.53

VIETNAM Steam coal exports by destination (thousand tonnes)

Total Exports Exports to: Total OECD Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Other OECD(2) Total Non-OECD Brazil Bulgaria China, People's Rep. Chinese Taipei Hong Kong, China India Morocco Romania Russian Federation Ukraine Other Africa Other Asia Other Eastern Europe Other FSU Other Latin America Other Middle East Non-Specified/Other

1978(1)

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010e

1430

604

745

2821

3526

17987

19644

25583

22346

-

100 100 -

450 150 300 -

2308 93 100 2 179 3 1469 400 21 1 40 -

3203 240 100 52 2227 516 20 48 -

6062 192 155 4848 854 13 -

2908 90 46 1879 873 20 -

2626 1333 1292 1 -

3581 12 1734 1835 -

-

504 504 -

295 100 195 -

513 100 150 63 200 -

323 88 27 52 156 -

11925 388 10532 118 887 -

16736 156 354 16109 21 96 -

22957 22503 35 69 350 -

18365 18045 35 57 228 -

1430

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

400

(1) Earliest year for which split by coal type is available. (2) Australia, Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Source: IEA/OECD Coal Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 34 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

• Experience in the basic use of databases and computer software. Good computer programming skills in Visual Basic.

The Energy Statistics Division, with a staff of around 30 people, provides a dynamic environment for young people just finishing their studies or with one to two years of work experience. Job description The data managers/statisticians compile, verify and disseminate information on all aspects of energy including production, transformation and consumption of all fuels, renewables, the emergency reporting system, energy efficiency indicators, CO2 emissions, and energy prices and taxes. The data managers are responsible for receiving, reviewing and inputting data submissions from Member countries and other sources into large computerised databases. They check for completeness, correct calculations, internal consistency, accuracy and consistency with definitions. Often this entails proactively investigating and helping to resolve anomalies in collaboration with national administrations of Member and Non-Member countries. The data managers/statisticians also play a key role in helping to design and implement computer macros used in the preparation of their energy statistics publication(s).

• University degree in a topic relevant to energy, computer programming or statistics. We currently have staff with degrees in Mathematics, Statistics, Information Technology, Economics, Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Public Administration and Business.

• Ability to work accurately, pay attention to detail and work to deadlines. Ability to deal simultaneously with a wide variety of tasks and to organise work efficiently.

• Good communication skills; ability to work well in a team and in a multicultural environment, particularly in liaising with contacts in national administrations and industry.

• Very good knowledge of one of the two official languages of the Organisation (English or French). Knowledge of other languages would be an advantage. • Some knowledge of energy industry operations and terminology would also be an advantage, but is not required.

Nationals of any OECD Member country are eligible for appointment. Basic salaries start at 3 050 Euros per month. The possibilities for advancement are good for candidates with appropriate qualifications and experience. Tentative enquiries about future vacancies are welcomed from men and women with relevant qualifications and experience. Applications in French or English, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to: Personnel and Finance Division International Energy Agency 9 rue de la Fédération 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Email: [email protected]

S TA TI S TI C S P UB LI C A TI ON S

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Ten Annual Publications n Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 2011 Edition No other publication offers such in-depth statistical coverage. It is intended for anyone involved in analytical or policy work related to energy issues. It contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, biofuels/waste and products derived from these primary fuels, as well as for electricity and heat. Complete data are available for 2008 and 2009 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2010). Historical tables summarise data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data. Published July 2011 - Price €120

n Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 2011 Edition A companion volume to Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, this publication presents standardised energy balances expressed in million tonnes of oil equivalent. Energy supply and consumption data are divided by main fuel: coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, hydro, geothermal/solar, biofuels/waste, electricity and heat. This allows for easy comparison of the contributions each fuel makes to the economy and their interrelationships through the conversion of one fuel to another. All of this is essential for estimating total energy supply, forecasting, energy conservation, and analysing the potential for interfuel substitution. Complete data are available for 2008 and 2009 and supply estimates are available for the most recent year (i.e. 2010). Historical tables summarise key energy and economic indicators as well as data on production, trade and final consumption. Each issue includes definitions of products and flows and explanatory notes on the individual country data as well as conversion factors from original units to tonnes of oil equivalent. Published July 2011 - Price €120

n Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 2011 Edition This publication offers the same in-depth statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries. It includes data in original units for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. The consistency of OECD and non-OECD countries’ detailed statistics provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2008 and 2009. For a description of the content, please see Energy Statistics of OECD Countries above. Published August 2011 - Price €120

S TA TI S TI C S P UB LI C A TI ON S

n Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 2011 Edition A companion volume to the publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, this publication presents energy balances in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent and key economic and energy indicators for more than 100 individual countries and nine main regions. It offers the same statistical coverage as the homonymous publication covering OECD countries, and thus provides an accurate picture of the global energy situation for 2008 and 2009. For a description of the content, please see Energy Balances of OECD Countries above. Published August 2011 - Price €120

n Electricity Information 2011 This reference document provides essential statistics on electricity and heat for each OECD member country by bringing together information on production, installed capacity, input energy mix to electricity and heat production, input fuel prices, consumption, end-user electricity prices and electricity trades. Published August 2011 - Price €150

n Coal Information 2011 This well-established publication provides detailed information on past and current evolution of the world coal market. It presents country-specific statistics for OECD member countries and selected non-OECD countries on coal production, demand, trade and prices. This publication represents a key reference tool for all those involved in the coal supply or consumption stream, as well as institutions and governments involved in market and policy analysis of the world coal market. Published August 2011 - Price €165

n Natural Gas Information 2011 A detailed reference work on gas supply and demand, covering not only the OECD countries but also the rest of the world. Contains essential information on LNG and pipeline trade, gas reserves, storage capacity and prices. The main part of the book, however, concentrates on OECD countries, showing a detailed gas supply and demand balance for each individual country and for the three OECD regions, as well as a breakdown of gas consumption by end-user. Import and export data are reported by source and destination. Published August 2011 - Price €165

n Oil Information 2011 A comprehensive reference book on current developments in oil supply and demand. The first part of this publication contains key data on world production, trade, prices and consumption of major oil product groups, with time series back to the early 1970s. The second part gives a more detailed and comprehensive picture of oil supply, demand, trade, production and consumption by end-user for each OECD country individually and for the OECD regions. Trade data are reported extensively by origin and destination. Published August 2011 - Price €165

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n Renewables Information 2011 This reference document brings together in one volume essential statistics on renewables and waste energy sources. It presents a detailed and comprehensive picture of developments for renewable and waste energy sources for each of the OECD member countries, encompassing energy indicators, generating capacity, electricity and heat production from renewable and waste sources, as well as production and consumption of renewable and waste products. Published August 2011 - Price €110

n CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2011 Edition In order for nations to tackle the problem of climate change, they need accurate greenhouse gas emissions data. This publication provides a basis for comparative analysis of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, a major source of anthropogenic emissions. The data in this book are designed to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions of CO2 from 1971 to 2009 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuel. Emissions were calculated using IEA energy databases and the default methods and emissions factors from the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Published November 2011 - Price €165

Two Quarterlies n Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics This publication provides up-to-date, detailed quarterly statistics on oil, coal, natural gas and electricity for the OECD countries. Oil statistics cover production, trade, refinery intake and output, stock changes and consumption for crude oil, NGL and nine selected oil product groups. Statistics for electricity, natural gas and coal show supply and trade. Import and export data are reported by origin and destination. Moreover, oil as well as hard coal and brown coal production are reported on a worldwide basis. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

n Energy Prices and Taxes This publication responds to the needs of the energy industry and OECD governments for up-todate information on prices and taxes in national and international energy markets. It contains prices at all market levels for OECD countries and certain non-OECD countries: import prices, industry prices and consumer prices. The statistics cover the main oil products, natural gas, coal and electricity, giving for imported products an average price both for importing country and country of origin. Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Published Quarterly - Price €120, annual subscription €380

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Electronic Editions n CD-ROMs and Online Data Services To complement its publications, the Energy Statistics Division produces CD-ROMs containing the complete databases which are used for preparing the statistics publications. State-of-the-art software allows you to access and manipulate all these data in a very user-friendly manner and includes graphic facilities. These databases are also available on the internet from our online data service. Annual CD-ROMS / Online Databases n

Energy Statistics of OECD Countries, 1960-2010 Energy Balances of OECD Countries, 1960-2010 Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2009 Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971-2009

Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user)

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Combined subscription of the above four series

Price: €1 400 (single user)

n

Electricity Information 2011 Coal Information 2011 Natural Gas Information 2011 Oil Information 2011 Renewables Information 2011 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 1971-2009

Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €550 (single user) Price: €400 (single user) Price: €550 (single user)

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Quarterly CD-ROMs / Online Databases n

Energy Prices and Taxes

Price: (four quarters) €900 (single user)

A description of these services are available on our website: http://data.iea.org

Other Online Services n The Monthly Oil Data Service The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service provides the detailed databases of historical and projected information which is used in preparing the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report (OMR). The IEA Monthly Oil Data Service comprises three packages available separately or combined as a subscriber service on the Internet. The data are available at the same time as the official release of the Oil Market Report. The packages include: n Supply, Demand, Balances and Stocks n Trade n Field-by-Field Supply n Complete Service

Price: €6 000 (single user) Price: €2 000 (single user) Price: €3 000 (single user) Price: €9 000 (single user)

A description of this service is available on our website: http://www.iea.org/stats/mods.asp

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n The Monthly Gas Data Service The service provides monthly natural gas data for OECD countries: n supply balances in terajoules and cubic metres; n production, trade, stock changes and levels where available, gross inland deliveries, own use and losses; n highly detailed trade data with about 50 imports origins and exports destinations; n LNG trade detail available from January 2002. The databases cover the time period January 1984 to current month with a time lag of two months for the most recent data. n

Monthly Gas Data Service: Natural Gas Balances & Trade Historical plus 12 monthly updates Price: €800 (single user)

For more information consult: http://data.iea.org

Moreover, the IEA statistics website contains key energy indicators by country, graphs on the world and OECD’s energy situation evolution from 1971 to the most recent year available, as well as selected databases for demonstration. The IEA statistics website can be accessed at www.iea.org/statistics/

Notes

IEA Publications, 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15 Printed in Luxembourg by Imprimerie Centrale, August 2011 (61 2011 11 1 P1) ISBN 978-92-64-10209-5

COAL

INFORMATION

2011 Coal Information provides a comprehensive review of historical and current market trends in the world coal sector, including 2010 preliminary data. An Introduction, notes, deinitions and auxiliary information are provided in Part I. Part II of the publication provides a review of the world coal market in 2009, while Part III provides a statistical overview of developments, which covers world coal production and coal reserves, coal demand by type (hard, steam, coking), hard coal trade and hard coal prices. Part IV provides, in tabular and graphic form, a more detailed and comprehensive statistical picture of historical and current coal developments in the 34 OECD member countries, by region and individually. Part V provides for selected non-OECD countries summary statistics on hard coal supply and end-use statistics for about 40 countries and regions worldwide. Complete coal balances and coal trade data for selected years are presented on 16 major non-OECD coal-producing and -consuming countries. Coal Information is one of a series of annual IEA statistical publications on major energy sources; other reports are Electricity Information, Natural Gas Information, Oil Information and Renewables Information.

(61 2011 11 1 P1) e165 ISBN 978-92-64-10209-5

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