123 48 12MB
English Pages 223 [235] Year 1982
CLASSICAL ARMENIAN CULTURE
University of Pennsylvania
Armenian Texts and Studies Supported by the Sarkes Tarzian Fund
SERIES EDITOR
Michael E. Stone
Number 4
CLASSICAL ARMENIAN
CULTURE
Influences and Creativity Proceedings of the First Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian Culture
a
| LFA
CLASSICAL ARMENIAN
CULTURE
Influences and Creativity edited by Thomas J. Samuelian
i ene ee eae SCHOLARS
PRESS*
.
Theology Library CLAREMONT
SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY Claremoni, CA Published by Scholars Press
CLASSICAL ARMENIAN
CULTURE
Influences and Creativity
Proceedings of the First Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian Culture Edited by Thomas J. Samuelian
© 1982
University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian Culture
(1st : 1979 : University of Pennsylvania) Classical Armenian culture.
(University of Pennsylvania Armenian texts and studies ; no. 4)
“Proceedings of the First Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian Culture”—T.p. verso.
1. Armenia—Civilization—Congresses. I. Samuelian, Thomas J. II. Title. III. Series. DS171.D7
1979
806’ .09566’2
ISBN 0-89130-565-3 ISBN 0-89130-566-1 (pbk.)
82-776
AACR2
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS Acknowledgements
vi
Preface
vii
List of Illustrations
Armenian ire
ii
Transliteration
James
Key
R. Russell
Zoroastrian
Problems
in Armenia:
1
Mihr and Vahagn
ae
Anders Hultgard
Change and Continuity in the Religion of Ancient Armenia with Particular Reference to the Vision of St. Gregory
8
3.
Robert H. Hewsen
Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians
27
4,
Robert
W. Thomson
Eti8é's History of Vardan: from
Ds
6.
Mesrob
Zaven
K. Krikorian
Arzoumanian
New Light
Old Sources
Sebéos, Historian Century
41 of the Seventh
52
A Critique of Sebéos of Heraclius, Document
68
le
Michael
van
Esbroeck
Legends
8.
W. Lowndes
Lipscomb
Foreign Influences on the Armenian Apoeryphal Adam Books
a:
Henning J. Lehmann
Severian of Gabala: New Identifications of Texts in Armenian Translation 113
10.
Giancarlo
Tradition
and Innovation
Armenian
Language
Bolognesi
about
and his History
A Seventh-Century
Constantine
in Armenian
79 102
in the
125
Ul
John A. C. Greppin
Two
ee
Edith Neubauer
Aspects of Classical Greek Heritage in Old Armenian Architecture
151
The Enthroned Ojun Church
159
13.
14. INDEX
Carolyn
Kane
Lucy Der Manuelian
Hurrian
Words
in Armenian
142
Virgin and Child in the
Armenian Sculptural Images, Eighth Centuries
Fifth to 176 209
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Robert
W.
Armenians.
Thomson,
trans.
p. 137, para.
&
124.
comment.
Copyright
Reprinted by permission of State University
Agathangelos'
History
@)1976 by Robert of New
York
of
the
W. Thomson.
Press.
vii
Editor's
Preface
The First Dr. H. Markarian Conference on Armenian Culture was held November
4 - 6, 1979 at the University
of Pennsylvania
of the Tarzian Chair in Armenian History and Culture.
under the auspices
At the conclusion of
the conference, when these papers were first read, it was decided that they deserved
wider
and
more
permanent
distribution.
Thereafter,
transformed by authors and editors into the present collection. book easier to read and use, notes and names as possible, and an index of proper of classical
and
Biblical
books,
Since a comprehensive such
Catrecce
contents,
names,
has been
names
of
were
To make the
have been standardized as far
including place names
and titles
provided.
bibliography’ was not economical
the
they
authors
for a book of
cited—whether
mentioned
explicitly in the text or only in the notes--have been listed in the index along with all other proper names. one form, the name
If an author's name has been cited in more than
is given as it appeared
spelling is given in parentheses. proper
and
according
place
exceptions instead
names
of C>
which below
standardized
been
preferred
of the Revue
for typographic
of 9, and o, which
has been provided been
have
to the practice
in the work
Throughout
and
for the reader's to
the
Armenian
have
been
forms
reasons
had
with the
to be transliterated A transliteration
convenience.
Encyclopaedia
of
transliterated
des Etudes Arméniennes,
has been transliterated 6.
according
cited and any other
the book,
Persian Britannica
€
chart
names
have
(1974),
and
Greek has been transliterated according to one of the two systems set forth in the same
Many
edition.
thanks
are due Lou
Ann
Matossian,
who
as preliminary
editor
gave the collection the first semblance of a coherent volume; Michael Stone, who
gave
much
ization of notes
Gregorian, TJS
invaluable
and names,
who saw
advice
and
on the preparation
production
of the text, standard-
of the book
to making the book possible.
itself;
and Vartan
viii
Convenors'
Preface
The they
papers
were
Armenian
all
collected
presented
Culture
in this
at
the
volume
First
have
Dr.
H.
three
things
Markarian
held at the University of Pennsylvania
in common:
Conference
in November
on
1979;
they all deal with Armenian culture through the seventh century; and they all
address
the
same
theme--influences
and
creativity.
Sensitive
surroundings yet steadfast in their individuality, the Armenian
to
their
people in each
period of their history have created a colorful, coherent, supple yet enduring culture all their own. the
participants
interdependence
in
In specialized the
studies
conference
of Armenian
in their respective
focused
culture—art,
on
the
architecture,
and religion--among the cultures of the Mediterranean No
single
conference,
nor
any
single
volume
exhaust a subject of such breadth and complexity.
could
be
expected
to survey or define.
As a ground-breaking effort, this conference
scholarship,
more
has given
of the unity and variety of international
and we are indeed indebted
to all the contributors
culture.
Vartan
Stone
Michael Convenors
to
to cite and illustrate than
new light on many facets of Classical Armenian Gregorian
language
The aim of this collective
Armenian
a deep appreciation
was
literature,
and
and the Middle East.
probing of Classical the convenors
culture
disciplines,
independence
for shedding
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Ojun Virgin and Child Full View of Ojun Virgin and Child Detail of Ojun Virgin and Child
172
Virgin and
175
Ojun.
Child,
Saloniki
173 174
Ambo
Stelae, east face and
Ojun.
North
Ojun.
Church,
sculpture
above
central
sculpture
above
window
Ptini.
Church,
Sei eee Soo nc Coke aa a
Mren.
Cathedral,
eeOo.
Mren.
Lintel
South
194 stelae,
sculpture
of west
east
over
195
face
west
window on south portal
of east facade
wall
196 ihe 198
portal
Bishop Theophilus
and David
Saharuni
199 200
11.
Ravenna.
12.
Mren.
13.
Sisawan.
Chureh,
14.
Sisawan.
Evangelist
15.
Sisawan.
Niche
16.
Sisawan.
Interior relief.
Prince Kohazat
205
Wtle
Sisawan.
Interior
relief.
Bishop Yovsép'
206
18.
Sisawan.
Interior
relief.
T'odoros,
S. Vitale,
east
apse
201
Lintel of north portal view
from
202
the south
203
on cornice
sculpture
on west
204
wall
the
monk
207
Armenian
4
Transliteration
‘h
Ce
Io
DD
eee:
oy wr
ol
g
d
e
lu
o
y
a
U
C
Key
> oe
RT
x
@
k
C
fl
@,
2
n
r4
g
)
(oil
8
h
@
fih
g
L
th
ne
Ro
o